1
|
Sun Y, Zhang C, Ma Q, Yu X, Gao X, Zhang H, Shi Y, Li Y, He X. MiR-34a-HK1 signal axis retards bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell senescence via ameliorating glycolytic metabolism. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:238. [PMID: 39080798 PMCID: PMC11290008 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most widely studied adult stem cells, while MSC replicative senescence occurs with serial expansion in vitro. We determined whether miR-34a can regulate MSC senescence by directly targeting glycolytic key enzymes to influence glycolysis. METHODS Detected the effects of miR-34a on MSC senescence and glycolytic metabolism through gene manipulation. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay were applied to confirm that HK1 is a direct target of miR-34a. The underlying regulatory mechanism of miR-34a targeting HK1 in MSC senescence was further explored by a cellular function recovery experiment. RESULTS In the current study, we revealed that miR-34a over-expression exacerbated senescence-associated characteristics and impaired glycolytic metabolism. Then we identified hexokinase1 (HK1) as a direct target gene of miR-34a. And HK1 replenishment reversed MSC senescence and reinforced glycolysis. In addition, miR-34a-mediated MSC senescence and lower glycolytic levels were evidently rescued following the co-treatment with HK1 over-expression. CONCLUSION The miR-34a-HK1 signal axis can alleviate MSC senescence via enhancing glycolytic metabolism, which possibly provides a novel mechanism for MSC senescence and opens up new possibilities for delaying and suppressing the occurrence and development of aging and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Qianhui Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Orthopedics and Biotechnology, Department for Clinical Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xu He
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ulfig A, Jakob U. Redox heterogeneity in mouse embryonic stem cells individualizes cell fate decisions. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00445-3. [PMID: 39106861 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can develop into any cell type in the body. Yet, the regulatory mechanisms that govern cell fate decisions during embryogenesis remain largely unknown. We now demonstrate that mouse ESCs (mESCs) display large natural variations in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) levels that individualize their nuclear redox state, H3K4me3 landscape, and cell fate. While mESCs with high mitoROS levels (mitoROSHIGH) differentiate toward mesendoderm and form the primitive streak during gastrulation, mESCs, which generate less ROS, choose the alternative neuroectodermal fate. Temporal studies demonstrated that mesendodermal (ME) specification of mitoROSHIGH mESCs is mediated by a Nrf2-controlled switch in the nuclear redox state, triggered by the accumulation of redox-sensitive H3K4me3 marks, and executed by a hitherto unknown ROS-dependent activation process of the Wnt signaling pathway. In summary, our study explains how ESC heterogeneity is generated and used by individual cells to decide between distinct cellular fates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ulfig
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biological Chemistry Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Q, Chen C, Fan Z, Song H, Sha Y, Yu L, Wang Y, Qin W, Yi W. O-GlcNAcase regulates pluripotency states of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:993-1009. [PMID: 38942028 PMCID: PMC11252487 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) pluripotency is critical to advance the field of developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Despite the recent progress, molecular events regulating hESC pluripotency, especially the transition between naive and primed states, still remain unclear. Here we show that naive hESCs display lower levels of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) than primed hESCs. O-GlcNAcase (OGA), the key enzyme catalyzing the removal of O-GlcNAc from proteins, is highly expressed in naive hESCs and is important for naive pluripotency. Depletion of OGA accelerates naive-to-primed pluripotency transition. OGA is transcriptionally regulated by EP300 and acts as a transcription regulator of genes important for maintaining naive pluripotency. Moreover, we profile protein O-GlcNAcylation of the two pluripotency states by quantitative proteomics. Together, this study identifies OGA as an important factor of naive pluripotency in hESCs and suggests that O-GlcNAcylation has a broad effect on hESCs homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhiya Fan
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Honghai Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yutong Sha
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liyang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weijie Qin
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100026, China.
| | - Wen Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Massafret O, Barragán M, Álvarez-González L, Aran B, Martín-Mur B, Esteve-Codina A, Ruiz-Herrera A, Ibáñez E, Santaló J. The pluripotency state of human embryonic stem cells derived from single blastomeres of eight-cell embryos. Cells Dev 2024:203935. [PMID: 38914137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from blastocyst stage embryos present a primed state of pluripotency, whereas mouse ESCs (mESCs) display naïve pluripotency. Their unique characteristics make naïve hESCs more suitable for particular applications in biomedical research. This work aimed to derive hESCs from single blastomeres and determine their pluripotency state, which is currently unclear. We derived hESC lines from single blastomeres of 8-cell embryos and from whole blastocysts, and analysed several naïve pluripotency indicators, their transcriptomic profile and their trilineage differentiation potential. No significant differences were observed between blastomere-derived hESCs (bm-hESCs) and blastocyst-derived hESCs (bc-hESCs) for most naïve pluripotency indicators, including TFE3 localization, mitochondrial activity, and global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, nor for their trilineage differentiation potential. Nevertheless, bm-hESCs showed an increased single-cell clonogenicity and a higher expression of naïve pluripotency markers at early passages than bc-hESCs. Furthermore, RNA-seq revealed that bc-hESCs overexpressed a set of genes related to the post-implantational epiblast. Altogether, these results suggest that bm-hESCs, although displaying primed pluripotency, would be slightly closer to the naïve end of the pluripotency continuum than bc-hESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ot Massafret
- Genome Integrity and Reproductive Biology Group, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Bioengineering in Reproductive Health, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Barragán
- Basic Research Laboratory, Eugin Group, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Álvarez-González
- Genome Integrity and Reproductive Biology Group, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Begoña Aran
- Stem Cell Bank, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Mur
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Ruiz-Herrera
- Genome Integrity and Reproductive Biology Group, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Genome Integrity and Reproductive Biology Group, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Josep Santaló
- Genome Integrity and Reproductive Biology Group, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li S, Yang M, Shen H, Ding L, Lyu X, Lin K, Ong J, Du P. Capturing totipotency in human cells through spliceosomal repression. Cell 2024; 187:3284-3302.e23. [PMID: 38843832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The cleavage of zygotes generates totipotent blastomeres. In human 8-cell blastomeres, zygotic genome activation (ZGA) occurs to initiate the ontogenesis program. However, capturing and maintaining totipotency in human cells pose significant challenges. Here, we realize culturing human totipotent blastomere-like cells (hTBLCs). We find that splicing inhibition can transiently reprogram human pluripotent stem cells into ZGA-like cells (ZLCs), which subsequently transition into stable hTBLCs after long-term passaging. Distinct from reported 8-cell-like cells (8CLCs), both ZLCs and hTBLCs widely silence pluripotent genes. Interestingly, ZLCs activate a particular group of ZGA-specific genes, and hTBLCs are enriched with pre-ZGA-specific genes. During spontaneous differentiation, hTBLCs re-enter the intermediate ZLC stage and further generate epiblast (EPI)-, primitive endoderm (PrE)-, and trophectoderm (TE)-like lineages, effectively recapitulating human pre-implantation development. Possessing both embryonic and extraembryonic developmental potency, hTBLCs can autonomously generate blastocyst-like structures in vitro without external cell signaling. In summary, our study provides key criteria and insights into human cell totipotency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuehui Lyu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kexin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jennie Ong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Advanced Center of RNA Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahadev Bhat S, Sieck GC. Heterogeneous distribution of mitochondria and succinate dehydrogenase activity in human airway smooth muscle cells. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:159-176. [PMID: 38846375 PMCID: PMC11150758 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2024-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a key mitochondrial enzyme involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, where it facilitates the oxidation of succinate to fumarate, and is coupled to the reduction of ubiquinone in the electron transport chain as Complex II. Previously, we developed a confocal-based quantitative histochemical technique to determine the maximum velocity of the SDH reaction (SDHmax) in single cells and observed that SDHmax corresponds with mitochondrial volume density. In addition, mitochondrial volume and motility varied within different compartments of human airway smooth muscle (hASM) cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that the SDH activity varies relative to the intracellular mitochondrial volume within hASM cells. Using 3D confocal imaging of labeled mitochondria and a concentric shell method for analysis, we quantified mitochondrial volume density, mitochondrial complexity index, and SDHmax relative to the distance from the nuclear membrane. The mitochondria within individual hASM cells were more filamentous in the immediate perinuclear region and were more fragmented in the distal parts of the cell. Within each shell, SDHmax also corresponded to mitochondrial volume density, where both peaked in the perinuclear region and decreased in more distal parts of the cell. Additionally, when normalized to mitochondrial volume, SDHmax was lower in the perinuclear region when compared to the distal parts of the cell. In summary, our results demonstrate that SDHmax measures differences in SDH activity within different cellular compartments. Importantly, our data indicate that mitochondria within individual cells are morphologically heterogeneous, and their distribution varies substantially within different cellular compartments, with distinct functional properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mahadev Bhat
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Gary C. Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Katayama T, Takechi M, Murata Y, Chigi Y, Yamaguchi S, Okamura D. Development of a chemically disclosed serum-free medium for mouse pluripotent stem cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1390386. [PMID: 38812912 PMCID: PMC11134454 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1390386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) have been widely used as a model system to study the basic biology of pluripotency and to develop cell-based therapies. Traditionally, mESCs have been cultured in a medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, serum with its inconsistent chemical composition has been problematic for reproducibility and for studying the role of specific components. While some serum-free media have been reported, these media contain commercial additives whose detailed components have not been disclosed. Recently, we developed a serum-free medium, DA-X medium, which can maintain a wide variety of adherent cancer lines. In this study, we modified the DA-X medium and established a novel serum-free condition for both naïve mESCs in which all components are chemically defined and disclosed (DA-X-modified medium for robust growth of pluripotent stem cells: DARP medium). The DARP medium fully supports the normal transcriptome and differentiation potential in teratoma and the establishment of mESCs from blastocysts that retain the developmental potential in all three germ layers, including germ cells in chimeric embryos. Utility of chemically defined DA-X medium for primed mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) revealed that an optimal amount of cholesterol is required for the robust growth of naïve-state mESCs, but is dispensable for the maintenance of primed-state mEpiSCs. Thus, this study provides reliable and reproducible culture methods to investigate the role of specific components regulating self-renewal and pluripotency in a wide range of pluripotent states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Katayama
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Marina Takechi
- Stem Cells and Reprogramming Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yamato Murata
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuta Chigi
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinpei Yamaguchi
- Stem Cells and Reprogramming Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daiji Okamura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren W, Zheng D, Liu G, Wu G, Peng Y, Wu J, Jin K, Zuo Q, Zhang Y, Li G, Han W, Cui XS, Chen G, Li B, Niu YJ. The Effect of Inhibiting the Wingless/Integrated (WNT) Signaling Pathway on the Early Embryonic Disc Cell Culture in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1382. [PMID: 38731386 PMCID: PMC11083256 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of chicken embryonic-derived pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines is crucial in various fields, including growth and development, vaccine and protein production, and germplasm resource protection. However, the research foundation for chicken PSCs is relatively weak, and there are still challenges in establishing a stable and efficient PSC culture system. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of the FGF2/ERK and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, as well as different feeder layers, on the derivation and maintenance of chicken embryonic-derived PSCs. The results of this study demonstrate that the use of STO cells as feeder layers, along with the addition of FGF2, IWR-1, and XAV-939 (FIX), allows for the efficient derivation of chicken PSC-like cells. Under the FIX culture conditions, chicken PSCs express key pluripotency genes, such as POUV, SOX2, and NANOG, as well as specific proteins SSEA-1, C-KIT, and SOX2, indicating their pluripotent nature. Additionally, the embryoid body experiment confirms that these PSC-like cells can differentiate into cells of three germ layers in vitro, highlighting their potential for multilineage differentiation. Furthermore, this study reveals that chicken Eyal-Giladi and Kochav stage X blastodermal cells express genes related to the primed state of PSCs, and the FIX culture system established in this research maintains the expression of these genes in vitro. These findings contribute significantly to the understanding and optimization of chicken PSC culture conditions and provide a foundation for further exploration of the biomedical research and biotechnological applications of chicken PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ren
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guangzheng Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Gaoyuan Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yixiu Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Wei Han
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Guohong Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bichun Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying-Jie Niu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fiorito V, Tolosano E. Unearthing FLVCR1a: tracing the path to a vital cellular transporter. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:166. [PMID: 38581583 PMCID: PMC10998817 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Receptor 1a (FLVCR1a) is a member of the SLC49 Major Facilitator Superfamily of transporters. Initially recognized as the receptor for the retrovirus responsible of pure red cell aplasia in cats, nearly two decades since its discovery, FLVCR1a remains a puzzling transporter, with ongoing discussions regarding what it transports and how its expression is regulated. Nonetheless, despite this, the substantial body of evidence accumulated over the years has provided insights into several critical processes in which this transporter plays a complex role, and the health implications stemming from its malfunction. The present review intends to offer a comprehensive overview and a critical analysis of the existing literature on FLVCR1a, with the goal of emphasising the vital importance of this transporter for the organism and elucidating the interconnections among the various functions attributed to this transporter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Fiorito
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen C, Liu Q, Chen W, Gong Z, Kang B, Sui M, Huang L, Wang YJ. PRODH safeguards human naive pluripotency by limiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species production. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2015-2044. [PMID: 38480845 PMCID: PMC11014864 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Naive human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) that resemble the pre-implantation epiblasts are fueled by a combination of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, but their mitochondrial regulators are poorly understood. Here we report that, proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), a mitochondria-localized proline metabolism enzyme, is dramatically upregulated in naive hESCs compared to their primed counterparts. The upregulation of PRODH is induced by a reduction in c-Myc expression that is dependent on PD0325901, a MEK inhibitor routinely present in naive hESC culture media. PRODH knockdown in naive hESCs significantly promoted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that triggered autophagy, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Remarkably, MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, effectively restored the pluripotency and proliferation of PRODH-knockdown naive hESCs, indicating that PRODH maintains naive pluripotency by preventing excessive ROS production. Concomitantly, PRODH knockdown significantly slowed down the proteolytic degradation of multiple key mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins. Thus, we revealed a crucial role of PRODH in limiting mtOXPHOS and ROS production, and thereby safeguarding naive pluripotency of hESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Qianyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Meihua Sui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Liming Huang
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mistretta M, Fiorito V, Allocco AL, Ammirata G, Hsu MY, Digiovanni S, Belicchi M, Napoli L, Ripolone M, Trombetta E, Mauri P, Farini A, Meregalli M, Villa C, Porporato PE, Miniscalco B, Crich SG, Riganti C, Torrente Y, Tolosano E. Flvcr1a deficiency promotes heme-based energy metabolism dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113854. [PMID: 38412099 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The definition of cell metabolic profile is essential to ensure skeletal muscle fiber heterogeneity and to achieve a proper equilibrium between the self-renewal and commitment of satellite stem cells. Heme sustains several biological functions, including processes profoundly implicated with cell metabolism. The skeletal muscle is a significant heme-producing body compartment, but the consequences of impaired heme homeostasis on this tissue have been poorly investigated. Here, we generate a skeletal-muscle-specific feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor 1a (FLVCR1a) knockout mouse model and show that, by sustaining heme synthesis, FLVCR1a contributes to determine the energy phenotype in skeletal muscle cells and to modulate satellite cell differentiation and muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Mistretta
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Fiorito
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Allocco
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ammirata
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Myriam Y Hsu
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Sabrina Digiovanni
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Marzia Belicchi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Centre, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Napoli
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Ripolone
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Trombetta
- Flow Cytometry Service, Clinical Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - PierLuigi Mauri
- National Research Council of Italy, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB-CNR, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy; Clinical Proteomics Laboratory c/o ITB-CNR, CNR.Biomics Infrastructure, ElixirNextGenIT, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Farini
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Meregalli
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Centre, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Centre, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ettore Porporato
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Miniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Simonetta Geninatti Crich
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Centre, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baráth BR, Nagy L. A serine metabolic enzyme is flexing its muscle to help repair skeletal muscle. Genes Dev 2024; 38:95-97. [PMID: 38485266 PMCID: PMC10982685 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351666.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of stem cells is a targetable pathway to control regeneration. Activation of stem cells results in down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and turns on glycolysis to provide fuel for proliferation and specific signaling events. How cell type-specific events are regulated is unknown. In this issue of Genes & Development Ciuffoli and colleagues (pp. 151-167) use metabolomic, gene inactivation, and functional approaches to show that phosphoserine aminotransferase (Psat1), an enzyme in serine biosynthesis, is activated in muscle stem cells and contributes to cell expansion and skeletal muscle regeneration via the production of α-ketoglutarate and glutamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjámin R Baráth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immunobiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida 33707, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Du P, Wu J. Hallmarks of totipotent and pluripotent stem cell states. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:312-333. [PMID: 38382531 PMCID: PMC10939785 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Though totipotency and pluripotency are transient during early embryogenesis, they establish the foundation for the development of all mammals. Studying these in vivo has been challenging due to limited access and ethical constraints, particularly in humans. Recent progress has led to diverse culture adaptations of epiblast cells in vitro in the form of totipotent and pluripotent stem cells, which not only deepen our understanding of embryonic development but also serve as invaluable resources for animal reproduction and regenerative medicine. This review delves into the hallmarks of totipotent and pluripotent stem cells, shedding light on their key molecular and functional features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Garone C, De Giorgio F, Carli S. Mitochondrial metabolism in neural stem cells and implications for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 22:238. [PMID: 38438847 PMCID: PMC10910780 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles having a fundamental role in the regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) fate during neural development and maintenance.During embryonic and adult neurogenesis, NSCs undergo a metabolic switch from glycolytic to oxidative phosphorylation with a rise in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, changes in mitochondria shape and size, and a physiological augmentation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species which together drive NSCs to proliferate and differentiate. Genetic and epigenetic modifications of proteins involved in cellular differentiation (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin), proliferation (Wingless-type), and hypoxia (Mitogen-activated protein kinase)-and all connected by the common key regulatory factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1A-are deemed to be responsible for the metabolic shift and, consequently, NSC fate in physiological and pathological conditions.Both primary mitochondrial dysfunction due to mutations in nuclear DNA or mtDNA or secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and organelle interplay pathways can contribute to the development of neurodevelopmental or progressive neurodegenerative disorders.This review analyses the physiology and pathology of neural development starting from the available in vitro and in vivo models and highlights the current knowledge concerning key mitochondrial pathways involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Garone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UO Neuropsichiatria Dell'età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy.
| | - F De Giorgio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Carli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shi J, Du G. Metabolic reprogramming of glycolysis favors cartilage progenitor cells rejuvenation. Joint Bone Spine 2024; 91:105634. [PMID: 37684000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the leading cause of disability in the elderly, still lacks effective treatment due to the unelucidated mechanisms of pathogenesis and progression. In cartilage, although the solo cell type of chondrocytes is resident, cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) are identified. Chondrocytes in cartilage mainly utilize glycolysis because of the low oxygen tension. Until now, whether the metabolic pathway changes are associated with OA initiation or progression, as well as the biology of CPCs, remains fully clarified. By reviewing relevant literature from previous functional studies, we further mined recently published mouse and human chondrocytes single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets to explore gene expression profiles shift in OA initiation or during OA progression, regarding metabolism. In this review, we demonstrated that chondrocytes' metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in OA initiation or during OA progression. Genes that related to OXPHOS, electron transport, mitochondrial translation, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly were upregulated in chondrocytes of injured cartilage or during OA progression. In addition, compared to OXPHOS, glycolysis facilitates CPC expansion and chondrogenic potential. The collated information suggests a potential therapeutic for OA through metabolic reprogramming of glycolysis to interrupt OA pathology and favor CPCs rejuvenation to restore healthy cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Jingdezhen First People's Hospital, 317 ZhonghuaBei Road, Zhushan District, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, 333000, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Du
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461, Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu B, Jin H, Shi Y, Yu H, Wu X, Wang S, Zhang K. Single-cell RNA-Seq reveals the earliest lineage specification and X chromosome dosage compensation in bovine preimplantation embryos. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23492. [PMID: 38363564 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302035rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Lineage specification and X chromosome dosage compensation are two crucial biological processes that occur during preimplantation embryonic development. Although extensively studied in mice, the timing and regulation of these processes remain elusive in other species, including humans. Previous studies have suggested conserved principles of human and bovine early development. This study aims to provide fundamental insights into these programs and the regulation using a bovine embryo model by employing single-cell transcriptomics and genome editing approaches. The study analyzes the transcriptomes of 286 individual cells and reveals that bovine trophectoderm/inner cell mass transcriptomes diverge at the early blastocyst stage, after cavitation but before blastocyst expansion. The study also identifies transcriptomic markers and provides the timing of lineage specification events in the bovine embryo. Importantly, we find that SOX2 is required for the first cell decision program in bovine embryos. Moreover, the study shows the occurrence of X chromosome dosage compensation from morula to late blastocyst and reveals that this compensation results from downregulation of X-linked genes in female embryonic cells. The transcriptional atlas generated by this study is expected to be widely useful in improving our understanding of mammalian early embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haotian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cedillo-Barrón L, García-Cordero J, Visoso-Carvajal G, León-Juárez M. Viroporins Manipulate Cellular Powerhouses and Modulate Innate Immunity. Viruses 2024; 16:345. [PMID: 38543711 PMCID: PMC10974846 DOI: 10.3390/v16030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses have a wide repertoire of molecular strategies that focus on their replication or the facilitation of different stages of the viral cycle. One of these strategies is mediated by the activity of viroporins, which are multifunctional viral proteins that, upon oligomerization, exhibit ion channel properties with mild ion selectivity. Viroporins facilitate multiple processes, such as the regulation of immune response and inflammasome activation through the induction of pore formation in various cell organelle membranes to facilitate the escape of ions and the alteration of intracellular homeostasis. Viroporins target diverse membranes (such as the cellular membrane), endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. Cumulative data regarding the importance of mitochondria function in multiple processes, such as cellular metabolism, energy production, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and mitophagy, have been reported. The direct or indirect interaction of viroporins with mitochondria and how this interaction affects the functioning of mitochondrial cells in the innate immunity of host cells against viruses remains unclear. A better understanding of the viroporin-mitochondria interactions will provide insights into their role in affecting host immune signaling through the mitochondria. Thus, in this review, we mainly focus on descriptions of viroporins and studies that have provided insights into the role of viroporins in hijacked mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Cedillo-Barrón
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av., IPN # 2508 Col., San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (G.V.-C.)
| | - Julio García-Cordero
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av., IPN # 2508 Col., San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (G.V.-C.)
| | - Giovani Visoso-Carvajal
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av., IPN # 2508 Col., San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (G.V.-C.)
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq, Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Moisés León-Juárez
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen KG, Park K, Maric D, Johnson KR, Robey PG, Mallon BS. Metabolic Quadrivalency in RSeT Human Embryonic Stem Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.21.581486. [PMID: 38496581 PMCID: PMC10942463 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.21.581486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
One of the most important properties of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is related to their pluripotent states. In our recent study, we identified a previously unrecognized pluripotent state induced by RSeT medium. This state makes primed hESCs resistant to conversion to naïve pluripotent state. In this study, we have further characterized the metabolic features in these RSeT hESCs, including metabolic gene expression, metabolomic analysis, and various functional assays. The commonly reported metabolic modes include glycolysis or both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (i.e., metabolic bivalency) in pluripotent stem cells. However, besides the presence of metabolic bivalency, RSeT hESCs exhibited a unique metabolome with additional fatty acid oxidation and imbalanced nucleotide metabolism. This metabolic quadrivalency is linked to hESC growth independent of oxygen tension and restricted capacity for naïve reprogramming in these cells. Thus, this study provides new insights into pluripotent state transitions and metabolic stress-associated hPSC growth in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G. Chen
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kyeyoon Park
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kory R. Johnson
- Intramural IT and Bioinformatics Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Barbara S. Mallon
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qiu Y, Gao M, Cao T, Wang J, Luo M, Liu S, Zeng X, Huang J. PFOS and F-53B disrupted inner cell mass development in mouse preimplantation embryo. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140948. [PMID: 38103655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) widely used in daily life. As its toxicity was confirmed, it has been gradually substituted by F-53B (chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl sulfonates, Cl-PFESAs) in China. PFOS exposure during prenatal development may hinder the development of preimplantation embryos, as indicated by recent epidemiological research and in vivo assays. However, the embryotoxicity data for F-53B are scarce. Furthermore, knowledge about the toxicity of F-53B and PFOS exposure to internal follicular fluid concentrations on early preimplantation embryo development remains limited. In this study, internal exposure concentrations of PFOS (10 nM) and F-53B (2 nM) in human follicular fluid were chosen to study the effects of PFAS on early mouse preimplantation embryo development. We found that both PFOS and F-53B treated zygotes exhibited higher ROS activity in 8-cell embryos but not in 2-cell stage embryos. PFOS and F-53B significantly affected the proportion and aggregation of the inner cell mass (ICM) in the blastocyst, but not the total cell number. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs, isolated from the ICM) and embryoid body (EB) assays were employed to assess the toxicity of PFOS and F-53B on the development and differentiation of embryonic pluripotent cells. These results suggested that mESCs exhibited more DNA damage and abnormal germ layer differentiation after brief exposure to PFOS or F-53B. Finally, RNA-sequencing revealed that PFOS and F-53B exposure affected mESCs biosynthetic processes and chromatin-nucleosome assembly. Our results indicate that F-53B has potential risks as an alternative to PFOS, which disrupts ICM development and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, School of Life Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Min Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, School of Life Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Tianqi Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, School of Life Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, School of Life Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Mingxun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, School of Life Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Simiao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, School of Life Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Junjiu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, School of Life Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jackson BT, Finley LWS. Metabolic regulation of the hallmarks of stem cell biology. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:161-180. [PMID: 38306993 PMCID: PMC10842269 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells perform many different functions, each of which requires specific metabolic adaptations. Over the past decades, studies of pluripotent and tissue stem cells have uncovered a range of metabolic preferences and strategies that correlate with or exert control over specific cell states. This review aims to describe the common themes that emerge from the study of stem cell metabolism: (1) metabolic pathways supporting stem cell proliferation, (2) metabolic pathways maintaining stem cell quiescence, (3) metabolic control of cellular stress responses and cell death, (4) metabolic regulation of stem cell identity, and (5) metabolic requirements of the stem cell niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Jackson
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lydia W S Finley
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tu SM, Chen JZ, Singh SR, Maraboyina S, Gokden N, Hsu PC, Langford T. Stem Cell Theory of Cancer: Clinical Implications for Cellular Metabolism and Anti-Cancer Metabolomics. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:624. [PMID: 38339375 PMCID: PMC10854810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although Otto Warburg may be right about the role of glycolysis versus OXPHOS in cancer metabolism, it remains unclear whether an altered metabolism is causative or correlative and is the main driver or a mere passenger in the pathogenesis of cancer. Currently, most of our successful treatments are designed to eliminate non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs) such as differentiated cancer cells. When the treatments also happen to control CSCs or the stem-ness niche, it is often unintended, unexpected, or undetected for lack of a pertinent theory about the origin of cancer that clarifies whether cancer is a metabolic, genetic, or stem cell disease. Perhaps cellular context matters. After all, metabolic activity may be different in different cell types and their respective microenvironments-whether it is in a normal progenitor stem cell vs. progeny differentiated cell and whether it is in a malignant CSC vs. non-CSC. In this perspective, we re-examine different types of cellular metabolism, e.g., glycolytic vs. mitochondrial, of glucose, glutamine, arginine, and fatty acids in CSCs and non-CSCs. We revisit the Warburg effect, an obesity epidemic, the aspartame story, and a ketogenic diet. We propose that a pertinent scientific theory about the origin of cancer and of cancer metabolism influences the direction of cancer research as well as the design of drug versus therapy development in cancer care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Tu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.Z.C.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Jim Z. Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.Z.C.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Sunny R. Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.Z.C.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Sanjay Maraboyina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Neriman Gokden
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Ping-Ching Hsu
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Timothy Langford
- Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sinenko SA, Tomilin AN. Metabolic control of induced pluripotency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1328522. [PMID: 38274274 PMCID: PMC10808704 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1328522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells of the mammalian epiblast and their cultured counterparts-embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs)-have the capacity to differentiate in all cell types of adult organisms. An artificial process of reactivation of the pluripotency program in terminally differentiated cells was established in 2006, which allowed for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This iPSC technology has become an invaluable tool in investigating the molecular mechanisms of human diseases and therapeutic drug development, and it also holds tremendous promise for iPSC applications in regenerative medicine. Since the process of induced reprogramming of differentiated cells to a pluripotent state was discovered, many questions about the molecular mechanisms involved in this process have been clarified. Studies conducted over the past 2 decades have established that metabolic pathways and retrograde mitochondrial signals are involved in the regulation of various aspects of stem cell biology, including differentiation, pluripotency acquisition, and maintenance. During the reprogramming process, cells undergo major transformations, progressing through three distinct stages that are regulated by different signaling pathways, transcription factor networks, and inputs from metabolic pathways. Among the main metabolic features of this process, representing a switch from the dominance of oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis and anabolic processes, are many critical stage-specific metabolic signals that control the path of differentiated cells toward a pluripotent state. In this review, we discuss the achievements in the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of processes controlled by metabolic pathways, and vice versa, during the reprogramming process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Sinenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lei Q, Xiang K, Cheng L, Xiang M. Human retinal organoids with an OPA1 mutation are defective in retinal ganglion cell differentiation and function. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:68-83. [PMID: 38101398 PMCID: PMC10828684 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA), mostly caused by heterozygous OPA1 mutations and characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve degeneration, is one of the most common types of inherited optic neuropathies. Previous work using a two-dimensional (2D) differentiation model of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has investigated ADOA pathogenesis but failed to agree on the effect of OPA1 mutations on RGC differentiation. Here, we use 3D retinal organoids capable of mimicking in vivo retinal development to resolve the issue. We generated isogenic iPSCs carrying the hotspot OPA1 c.2708_2711delTTAG mutation and found that the mutant variant caused defective initial and terminal differentiation and abnormal electrophysiological properties of organoid-derived RGCs. Moreover, this variant inhibits progenitor proliferation and results in mitochondrial dysfunction. These data demonstrate that retinal organoids coupled with gene editing serve as a powerful tool to definitively identify disease-related phenotypes and provide valuable resources to further investigate ADOA pathogenesis and screen for ADOA therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kangjian Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Mengqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
den Hollander P, Maddela JJ, Mani SA. Spatial and Temporal Relationship between Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Stem Cells in Cancer. Clin Chem 2024; 70:190-205. [PMID: 38175600 PMCID: PMC11246550 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is often linked with carcinogenesis. However, EMT is also important for embryo development and only reactivates in cancer. Connecting how EMT occurs during embryonic development and in cancer could help us further understand the root mechanisms of cancer diseases. CONTENT There are key regulatory elements that contribute to EMT and the induction and maintenance of stem cell properties during embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and carcinogenesis. Here, we explore the implications of EMT in the different stages of embryogenesis and tissue development. We especially highlight the necessity of EMT in the mesodermal formation and in neural crest cells. Through EMT, these cells gain epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). With this transition, crucial morphological changes occur to progress through the metastatic cascade as well as tissue regeneration after an injury. Stem-like cells, including cancer stem cells, are generated from EMT and during this process upregulate factors necessary for stem cell maintenance. Hence, it is important to understand the key regulators allowing stem cell awakening in cancer, which increases plasticity and promotes treatment resistance, to develop strategies targeting this cell population and improve patient outcomes. SUMMARY EMT involves multifaceted regulation to allow the fluidity needed to facilitate adaptation. This regulatory mechanism, plasticity, involves many cooperating transcription factors. Additionally, posttranslational modifications, such as splicing, activate the correct isoforms for either epithelial or mesenchymal specificity. Moreover, epigenetic regulation also occurs, such as acetylation and methylation. Downstream signaling ultimately results in the EMT which promotes tissue generation/regeneration and cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra den Hollander
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Joanna Joyce Maddela
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Merkuri F, Rothstein M, Simoes-Costa M. Histone lactylation couples cellular metabolism with developmental gene regulatory networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:90. [PMID: 38167340 PMCID: PMC10762033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic cells exhibit diverse metabolic states. Recent studies have demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming drives changes in cell identity by affecting gene expression. However, the connection between cellular metabolism and gene expression remains poorly understood. Here we report that glycolysis-regulated histone lactylation couples the metabolic state of embryonic cells with chromatin organization and gene regulatory network (GRN) activation. We found that lactylation marks genomic regions of glycolytic embryonic tissues, like the neural crest (NC) and pre-somitic mesoderm. Histone lactylation occurs in the loci of NC genes as these cells upregulate glycolysis. This process promotes the accessibility of active enhancers and the deployment of the NC GRN. Reducing the deposition of the mark by targeting LDHA/B leads to the downregulation of NC genes and the impairment of cell migration. The deposition of lactyl-CoA on histones at NC enhancers is supported by a mechanism that involves transcription factors SOX9 and YAP/TEAD. These findings define an epigenetic mechanism that integrates cellular metabolism with the GRNs that orchestrate embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fjodor Merkuri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Rothstein
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcos Simoes-Costa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Iworima DG, Baker RK, Ellis C, Sherwood C, Zhan L, Rezania A, Piret JM, Kieffer TJ. Metabolic switching, growth kinetics and cell yields in the scalable manufacture of stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:1. [PMID: 38167219 PMCID: PMC10762849 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a disease affecting over 500 million people globally due to insulin insufficiency or insensitivity. For individuals with type 1 diabetes, pancreatic islet transplantation can help regulate their blood glucose levels. However, the scarcity of cadaveric donor islets limits the number of people that could receive this therapy. To address this issue, human pluripotent stem cells offer a potentially unlimited source for generating insulin-producing cells through directed differentiation. Several protocols have been developed to make stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the bioprocess parameters associated with these differentiation protocols and how they can be utilized to increase the cell yield. METHODS We investigated various bioprocess parameters and quality target product profiles that may influence the differentiation pipeline using a seven-stage protocol in a scalable manner with CellSTACKs and vertical wheel bioreactors (PBS-Minis). RESULTS Cells maintained > 80% viability through all stages of differentiation and appropriately expressed stage-specific markers. During the initial four stages leading up to the development of pancreatic progenitors, there was an increase in cell numbers. Following pancreatic progenitor stage, there was a gradual decrease in the percentage of proliferative cells, as determined by Ki67 positivity, and a significant loss of cells during the period of endocrine differentiation. By minimizing the occurrence of aggregate fusion, we were able to enhance cell yield during the later stages of differentiation. We suggest that glucose utilization and lactate production are cell quality attributes that should be considered during the characterization of insulin-producing cells derived from stem cells. Our findings also revealed a gradual metabolic shift from glycolysis, during the initial four stages of pancreatic progenitor formation, to oxidative phosphorylation later on during endocrine differentiation. Furthermore, the resulting insulin-producing cells exhibited a response to several secretagogues, including high glucose. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates process parameters such as glucose consumption and lactate production rates that may be used to facilitate the scalable manufacture of stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diepiriye G Iworima
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert K Baker
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cara Ellis
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chris Sherwood
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa Zhan
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - James M Piret
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Agarwala S, Dhabal S, Mitra K. Significance of quantitative analyses of the impact of heterogeneity in mitochondrial content and shape on cell differentiation. Open Biol 2024; 14:230279. [PMID: 38228170 PMCID: PMC10791538 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, classically known as the powerhouse of cells, are unique double membrane-bound multifaceted organelles carrying a genome. Mitochondrial content varies between cell types and precisely doubles within cells during each proliferating cycle. Mitochondrial content also increases to a variable degree during cell differentiation triggered after exit from the proliferating cycle. The mitochondrial content is primarily maintained by the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, while damaged mitochondria are eliminated from the cells by mitophagy. In any cell with a given mitochondrial content, the steady-state mitochondrial number and shape are determined by a balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion processes. The increase in mitochondrial content and alteration in mitochondrial fission and fusion are causatively linked with the process of differentiation. Here, we critically review the quantitative aspects in the detection methods of mitochondrial content and shape. Thereafter, we quantitatively link these mitochondrial properties in differentiating cells and highlight the implications of such quantitative link on stem cell functionality. Finally, we discuss an example of cell size regulation predicted from quantitative analysis of mitochondrial shape and content. To highlight the significance of quantitative analyses of these mitochondrial properties, we propose three independent rationale based hypotheses and the relevant experimental designs to test them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Agarwala
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Delhi (NCR), India
| | - Sukhamoy Dhabal
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Delhi (NCR), India
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Delhi (NCR), India
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bame X, Hill RA. Mitochondrial network reorganization and transient expansion during oligodendrocyte generation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570104. [PMID: 38106204 PMCID: PMC10723275 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system. This process persists throughout life and is essential for recovery from neurodegeneration. To better understand the cellular checkpoints that occur during oligodendrogenesis, we determined the mitochondrial distribution and morphometrics across the oligodendrocyte lineage in mouse and human cerebral cortex. During oligodendrocyte generation, mitochondrial content expanded concurrently with a change in subcellular partitioning towards the distal processes. These changes were followed by an abrupt loss of mitochondria in the oligodendrocyte processes and myelin, coinciding with sheath compaction. This reorganization and extensive expansion and depletion took 3 days. Oligodendrocyte mitochondria were stationary over days while OPC mitochondrial motility was modulated by animal arousal state within minutes. Aged OPCs also displayed decreased mitochondrial size, content, and motility. Thus, mitochondrial dynamics are linked to oligodendrocyte generation, dynamically modified by their local microenvironment, and altered in the aging brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xhoela Bame
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Robert A Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
MacColl Garfinkel A, Mnatsakanyan N, Patel JH, Wills AE, Shteyman A, Smith PJS, Alavian KN, Jonas EA, Khokha MK. Mitochondrial leak metabolism induces the Spemann-Mangold Organizer via Hif-1α in Xenopus. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2597-2613.e4. [PMID: 37673063 PMCID: PMC10840693 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
An instructive role for metabolism in embryonic patterning is emerging, although a role for mitochondria is poorly defined. We demonstrate that mitochondrial oxidative metabolism establishes the embryonic patterning center, the Spemann-Mangold Organizer, via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α) in Xenopus. Hypoxia or decoupling ATP production from oxygen consumption expands the Organizer by activating Hif-1α. In addition, oxygen consumption is 20% higher in the Organizer than in the ventral mesoderm, indicating an elevation in mitochondrial respiration. To reconcile increased mitochondrial respiration with activation of Hif-1α, we discovered that the "free" c-subunit ring of the F1Fo ATP synthase creates an inner mitochondrial membrane leak, which decouples ATP production from respiration at the Organizer, driving Hif-1α activation there. Overexpression of either the c-subunit or Hif-1α is sufficient to induce Organizer cell fates even when β-catenin is inhibited. We propose that mitochondrial leak metabolism could be a general mechanism for activating Hif-1α and Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra MacColl Garfinkel
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jeet H Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrea E Wills
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amy Shteyman
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Peter J S Smith
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Ann Jonas
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tu SM, Aydin AM, Maraboyina S, Chen Z, Singh S, Gokden N, Langford T. Stem Cell Origin of Cancer: Clinical Implications for Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5385. [PMID: 38001645 PMCID: PMC10670143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple way to understand the immune system is to separate the self from non-self. If it is self, the immune system tolerates and spares. If it is non-self, the immune system attacks and destroys. Consequently, if cancer has a stem cell origin and is a stem cell disease, we have a serious problem and a major dilemma with immunotherapy. Because many refractory cancers are more self than non-self, immunotherapy may become an uphill battle and pyrrhic victory in cancer care. In this article, we elucidate cancer immunity. We demonstrate for whom, with what, as well as when and how to apply immunotherapy in cancer care. We illustrate that a stem cell theory of cancer affects our perspectives and narratives of cancer. Without a pertinent theory about cancer's origin and nature, we may unwittingly perform misdirected cancer research and prescribe misguided cancer treatments. In the ongoing saga of immunotherapy, we are at a critical juncture. Because of the allure and promises of immunotherapy, we will be treating more patients not immediately threatened by their cancer. They may have more to lose than to gain, if we have a misconception and if we are on a wrong mission with immunotherapy. According to the stem cell theory of cancer, we should be careful with immunotherapy. When we do not know or realize that cancer originates from a stem cell and has stem-ness capabilities, we may cause more harm than good in some patients and fail to separate the truth from the myth about immunotherapy in cancer care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Tu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (Z.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Ahmet Murat Aydin
- Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.M.A.); (T.L.)
| | - Sanjay Maraboyina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Zhongning Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (Z.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Sunny Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (Z.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Neriman Gokden
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Timothy Langford
- Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.M.A.); (T.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cao J, Li W, Li J, Mazid MA, Li C, Jiang Y, Jia W, Wu L, Liao Z, Sun S, Song W, Fu J, Wang Y, Lu Y, Xu Y, Nie Y, Bian X, Gao C, Zhang X, Zhang L, Shang S, Li Y, Fu L, Liu H, Lai J, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Jin X, Li Y, Liu C, Lai Y, Shi X, Maxwell PH, Xu X, Liu L, Poo M, Wang X, Sun Q, Esteban MA, Liu Z. Live birth of chimeric monkey with high contribution from embryonic stem cells. Cell 2023; 186:4996-5014.e24. [PMID: 37949056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A formal demonstration that mammalian pluripotent stem cells possess preimplantation embryonic cell-like (naive) pluripotency is the generation of chimeric animals through early embryo complementation with homologous cells. Whereas such naive pluripotency has been well demonstrated in rodents, poor chimerism has been achieved in other species including non-human primates due to the inability of the donor cells to match the developmental state of the host embryos. Here, we have systematically tested various culture conditions for establishing monkey naive embryonic stem cells and optimized the procedures for chimeric embryo culture. This approach generated an aborted fetus and a live chimeric monkey with high donor cell contribution. A stringent characterization pipeline demonstrated that donor cells efficiently (up to 90%) incorporated into various tissues (including the gonads and placenta) of the chimeric monkeys. Our results have major implications for the study of primate naive pluripotency and genetic engineering of non-human primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Md Abdul Mazid
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenqi Jia
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhaodi Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weixiang Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiqiang Fu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanhong Nie
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinyan Bian
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Changshan Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shenshen Shang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yunpan Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Lixin Fu
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Junjian Lai
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yang Wang
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518083, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Yiwei Lai
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | | | - Patrick H Maxwell
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0ST, United Kingdom
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310030, China; BGI-Research, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | | | - Muming Poo
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310030, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kong W, Gao Y, Zhao S, Yang H. Cancer stem cells: advances in the glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04861-6. [PMID: 37882986 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a class of cells with self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potential, which are present in most tumors, particularly in aggressive tumors, and perform a pivotal role in recurrence and metastasis and are expected to be one of the important targets for tumor therapy. Studies of tumor metabolism in recent years have found that the metabolic characteristics of CSCs are distinct from those of differentiated tumor cells, which are unique to CSCs and contribute to the maintenance of the stemness characteristics of CSCs. Moreover, these altered metabolic profiles can drive the transformation between CSCs and non-CSCs, implying that these metabolic alterations are important markers for CSCs to play their biological roles. The identification of metabolic changes in CSCs and their metabolic plasticity mechanisms may provide some new opportunities for tumor therapy. In this paper, we review the metabolism-related mechanisms of CSCs in order to provide a theoretical basis for their potential application in tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weina Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Air Forth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yunge Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Air Forth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Air Forth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Air Forth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jasra IT, Cuesta-Gomez N, Verhoeff K, Marfil-Garza BA, Dadheech N, Shapiro AMJ. Mitochondrial regulation in human pluripotent stem cells during reprogramming and β cell differentiation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1236472. [PMID: 37929027 PMCID: PMC10623316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1236472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and dynamically control fundamental biological processes including cell reprogramming, pluripotency, and lineage specification. Although remarkable progress in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell therapies has been made, very little is known about the role of mitochondria and the mechanisms involved in somatic cell reprogramming into iPSC and directed reprogramming of iPSCs in terminally differentiated cells. Reprogramming requires changes in cellular characteristics, genomic and epigenetic regulation, as well as major mitochondrial metabolic changes to sustain iPSC self-renewal, pluripotency, and proliferation. Differentiation of autologous iPSC into terminally differentiated β-like cells requires further metabolic adaptation. Many studies have characterized these alterations in signaling pathways required for the generation and differentiation of iPSC; however, very little is known regarding the metabolic shifts that govern pluripotency transition to tissue-specific lineage differentiation. Understanding such metabolic transitions and how to modulate them is essential for the optimization of differentiation processes to ensure safe iPSC-derived cell therapies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of mitochondrial metabolism during somatic cell reprogramming to iPSCs and the metabolic shift that occurs during directed differentiation into pancreatic β-like cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ila Tewari Jasra
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nerea Cuesta-Gomez
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kevin Verhoeff
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Braulio A. Marfil-Garza
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Nidheesh Dadheech
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A. M. James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Metabolic switches are a crucial hallmark of cellular development and regeneration. In response to changes in their environment or physiological state, cells undergo coordinated metabolic switching that is necessary to execute biosynthetic demands of growth and repair. In this Review, we discuss how metabolic switches represent an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that orchestrates tissue development and regeneration, allowing cells to adapt rapidly to changing conditions during development and postnatally. We further explore the dynamic interplay between metabolism and how it is not only an output, but also a driver of cellular functions, such as cell proliferation and maturation. Finally, we underscore the epigenetic and cellular mechanisms by which metabolic switches mediate biosynthetic needs during development and regeneration, and how understanding these mechanisms is important for advancing our knowledge of tissue development and devising new strategies to promote tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kato Y, Iwata S, Nasu Y, Obata A, Nagata K, Campbell RE, Mizuno T. Construction of the lactate-sensing fibremats by confining sensor fluorescent protein of lactate inside nanofibers of the poly(HPMA/DAMA)/ADH-nylon 6 core-shell fibremat. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29584-29593. [PMID: 37822650 PMCID: PMC10562976 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06108f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a new materials platform capable of sustaining the functionality of proteinous sensor molecules over an extended period without being affected by biological contaminants in living systems, such as proteases, is highly demanded. In this study, our primary focus was on fabricating new core-shell fibremats using unique polymer materials, capable of functionalizing encapsulated sensor proteins while resisting the effects of proteases. The core-fibre parts of core-shell fibremats were made using a newly developed post-crosslinkable water-soluble copolymer, poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide)-co-poly(diacetone methacrylamide), and the bifunctional crosslinking agent, adipic dihydrazide, while the shell layer of the nanofibers was made of nylon 6. Upon encapsulating the lactate-sensor protein eLACCO1.1 at the core-fibre part, the fibremat exhibited a distinct concentration-dependent fluorescence response, with a dynamic range of fluorescence alteration exceeding 1000% over the lactate concentration range of 0 to 100 mM. The estimated dissociation constant from the titration data was comparable to that estimated in a buffer solution. The response remained stable even after 5 cycles and in the presence of proteases. These results indicates that our core-shell fibremat platform could serve as effective immobilizing substrates for various sensor proteins, facilitating continuous and quantitative monitoring of various low-molecular-weight metabolites and catabolites in a variety of biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Kato
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Shuichi Iwata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Yusuke Nasu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Akiko Obata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Kenji Nagata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Toshihisa Mizuno
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi 466-8555 Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kawano I, Bazila B, Ježek P, Dlasková A. Mitochondrial Dynamics and Cristae Shape Changes During Metabolic Reprogramming. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:684-707. [PMID: 37212238 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The architecture of the mitochondrial network and cristae critically impact cell differentiation and identity. Cells undergoing metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), such as immune cells, stem cells, and cancer cells, go through controlled modifications in mitochondrial architecture, which is critical for achieving the resulting cellular phenotype. Recent Advances: Recent studies in immunometabolism have shown that the manipulation of mitochondrial network dynamics and cristae shape directly affects T cell phenotype and macrophage polarization through altering energy metabolism. Similar manipulations also alter the specific metabolic phenotypes that accompany somatic reprogramming, stem cell differentiation, and cancer cells. The modulation of oxidative phosphorylation activity, accompanied by changes in metabolite signaling, reactive oxygen species generation, and adenosine triphosphate levels, is the shared underlying mechanism. Critical Issues: The plasticity of mitochondrial architecture is particularly vital for metabolic reprogramming. Consequently, failure to adapt the appropriate mitochondrial morphology often compromises the differentiation and identity of the cell. Immune, stem, and tumor cells exhibit striking similarities in their coordination of mitochondrial morphology with metabolic pathways. However, although many general unifying principles can be observed, their validity is not absolute, and the mechanistic links thus need to be further explored. Future Directions: Better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved and their relationships to both mitochondrial network and cristae morphology will not only further deepen our understanding of energy metabolism but may also contribute to improved therapeutic manipulation of cell viability, differentiation, proliferation, and identity in many different cell types. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 684-707.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Kawano
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bazila Bazila
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Seo BJ, Na SB, Choi J, Ahn B, Habib O, Park C, Hong K, Do JT. Metabolic and cell cycle shift induced by the deletion of Dnm1l attenuates the dissolution of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:302. [PMID: 37747543 PMCID: PMC11073397 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are versatile organelles that continuously change their morphology via fission and fusion. However, the detailed functions of mitochondrial dynamics-related genes in pluripotent stem cells remain largely unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the effects on energy metabolism and differentiation ability of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) following deletion of the mitochondrial fission-related gene Dnml1. Resultant Dnm1l-/- ESCs maintained major pluripotency characteristics. However, Dnm1l-/- ESCs showed several phenotypic changes, including the inhibition of differentiation ability (dissolution of pluripotency). Notably, Dnm1l-/- ESCs maintained the expression of the pluripotency marker Oct4 and undifferentiated colony types upon differentiation induction. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the most frequently differentially expressed genes were enriched in the glutathione metabolic pathway. Our data suggested that differentiation inhibition of Dnm1l-/- ESCs was primarily due to metabolic shift from glycolysis to OXPHOS, G2/M phase retardation, and high level of Nanog and 2-cell-specific gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Jong Seo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bin Na
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyuk Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Omer Habib
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Akhunzianov AA, Nesterova AI, Wanrooij S, Filina YV, Rizvanov AA, Miftakhova RR. Unravelling the Therapeutic Potential of Antibiotics in Hypoxia in a Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cell Line Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11540. [PMID: 37511298 PMCID: PMC10380719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics inhibit breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) by suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the effectiveness of antibiotics in clinical settings is inconsistent. This inconsistency raises the question of whether the tumor microenvironment, particularly hypoxia, plays a role in the response to antibiotics. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of five commonly used antibiotics for inhibiting CSCs under hypoxia using an MCF-7 cell line model. We assessed the number of CSCs through the mammosphere formation assay and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-bright cell count. Additionally, we examined the impact of antibiotics on the mitochondrial stress response and membrane potential. Furthermore, we analyzed the levels of proteins associated with therapeutic resistance. There was no significant difference in the number of CSCs between cells cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. However, hypoxia did affect the rate of CSC inhibition by antibiotics. Specifically, azithromycin was unable to inhibit sphere formation in hypoxia. Erythromycin and doxycycline did not reduce the ratio of ALDH-bright cells, despite decreasing the number of mammospheres. Furthermore, treatment with chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and tetracycline led to the overexpression of the breast cancer resistance protein. Our findings suggest that hypoxia may weaken the inhibitory effects of antibiotics on the breast cancer model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almaz A Akhunzianov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alfiya I Nesterova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary Named after Prof. M.Z. Sigal, 420029 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sjoerd Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yulia V Filina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Regina R Miftakhova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mahadev Bhat S, Yap JQ, Ramirez-Ramirez OA, Delmotte P, Sieck GC. Cell-Based Measurement of Mitochondrial Function in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11506. [PMID: 37511264 PMCID: PMC10380259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mitochondrial function can be assessed using high-resolution respirometry that measures the O2 consumption rate (OCR) across a number of cells. However, a direct measurement of cellular mitochondrial function provides valuable information and physiological insight. In the present study, we used a quantitative histochemical technique to measure the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), a key enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which participates in both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) as Complex II. In this study, we determine the maximum velocity of the SDH reaction (SDHmax) in individual human airway smooth muscle (hASM) cells. To measure SDHmax, hASM cells were exposed to a solution containing 80 mM succinate and 1.5 mM nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT, reaction indicator). As the reaction proceeded, the change in optical density (OD) due to the reduction of NBT to its diformazan (peak absorbance wavelength of 570 nm) was measured using a confocal microscope with the pathlength for light absorbance tightly controlled. SDHmax was determined during the linear period of the SDH reaction and expressed as mmol fumarate/liter of cell/min. We determine that this technique is rigorous and reproducible, and reliable for the measurement of mitochondrial function in individual cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gary C. Sieck
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.M.B.); (J.Q.Y.); (O.A.R.-R.); (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Detraux D, Caruso M, Feller L, Fransolet M, Meurant S, Mathieu J, Arnould T, Renard P. A critical role for heme synthesis and succinate in the regulation of pluripotent states transitions. eLife 2023; 12:e78546. [PMID: 37428012 PMCID: PMC10425175 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Using embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in regenerative medicine or in disease modeling requires a complete understanding of these cells. Two main distinct developmental states of ESCs have been stabilized in vitro, a naïve pre-implantation stage and a primed post-implantation stage. Based on two recently published CRISPR-Cas9 knockout functional screens, we show here that the exit of the naïve state is impaired upon heme biosynthesis pathway blockade, linked in mESCs to the incapacity to activate MAPK- and TGFβ-dependent signaling pathways after succinate accumulation. In addition, heme synthesis inhibition promotes the acquisition of 2 cell-like cells in a heme-independent manner caused by a mitochondrial succinate accumulation and leakage out of the cell. We further demonstrate that extracellular succinate acts as a paracrine/autocrine signal, able to trigger the 2C-like reprogramming through the activation of its plasma membrane receptor, SUCNR1. Overall, this study unveils a new mechanism underlying the maintenance of pluripotency under the control of heme synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Detraux
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, BelgiumNamurBelgium
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Marino Caruso
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, BelgiumNamurBelgium
| | - Louise Feller
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, BelgiumNamurBelgium
| | - Maude Fransolet
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, BelgiumNamurBelgium
| | - Sébastien Meurant
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, BelgiumNamurBelgium
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, BelgiumNamurBelgium
| | - Patricia Renard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, BelgiumNamurBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dinarello A, Betto RM, Diamante L, Tesoriere A, Ghirardo R, Cioccarelli C, Meneghetti G, Peron M, Laquatra C, Tiso N, Martello G, Argenton F. STAT3 and HIF1α cooperatively mediate the transcriptional and physiological responses to hypoxia. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:226. [PMID: 37407568 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 and HIF1α are two fundamental transcription factors involved in many merging processes, like angiogenesis, metabolism, and cell differentiation. Notably, under pathological conditions, the two factors have been shown to interact genetically, but both the molecular mechanisms underlying such interactions and their relevance under physiological conditions remain unclear. In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) we manage to determine the specific subset of hypoxia-induced genes that need STAT3 to be properly transcribed and, among them, fundamental genes like Vegfa, Hk1, Hk2, Pfkp and Hilpda are worth mentioning. Unexpectedly, we also demonstrated that the absence of STAT3 does not affect the expression of Hif1α mRNA nor the stabilization of HIF1α protein, but the STAT3-driven regulation of the hypoxia-dependent subset of gene could rely on the physical interaction between STAT3 and HIF1α. To further elucidate the physiological roles of this STAT3 non-canonical nuclear activity, we used a CRISPR/Cas9 zebrafish stat3 knock-out line. Notably, hypoxia-related fluorescence of the hypoxia zebrafish reporter line (HRE:mCherry) cannot be induced when Stat3 is not active and, while Stat3 Y705 phosphorylation seems to have a pivotal role in this process, S727 does not affect the Stat3-dependent hypoxia response. Hypoxia is fundamental for vascularization, angiogenesis and immune cells mobilization; all processes that, surprisingly, cannot be induced by low oxygen levels when Stat3 is genetically ablated. All in all, here we report the specific STAT3/HIF1α-dependent subset of genes in vitro and, for the first time with an in vivo model, we determined some of the physiological roles of STAT3-hypoxia crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda Diamante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Laquatra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sakai D, Murakami Y, Shigeta D, Tomosugi M, Sakata-Haga H, Hatta T, Shoji H. Glycolytic activity is required for the onset of neural plate folding during neural tube closure in mouse embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1212375. [PMID: 37465012 PMCID: PMC10350492 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1212375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological hypoxia is critical for placental mammalian development. However, the underlying mechanisms by which hypoxia regulates embryonic development remain unclear. We discovered that the expression of glycolytic genes partially depends on hypoxia in neuroepithelial cells of E8.25 mouse embryos. Consistent with this finding, inhibiting glycolysis during the early phase of neural tube closure (E8.0-8.5) resulted in a neural tube closure defect. In contrast, inhibiting the electron transport chain did not affect neural tube formation. Furthermore, inhibiting glycolysis affected cell proliferation, but not differentiation and survival. Inhibiting glycolysis repressed the phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2, and consequent neural plate folding. Our findings revealed that anaerobic glycolysis regulates neuroepithelial cell proliferation and apical constriction during the early phase of neural tube closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daichi Shigeta
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Tomosugi
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakata-Haga
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Hatta
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shoji
- Department of Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhou J, Hu J, Wang Y, Gao S. Induction and application of human naive pluripotency. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112379. [PMID: 37043354 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, many attempts have been made to capture different states of pluripotency in vitro. Naive and primed pluripotent stem cells, corresponding to the pluripotency states of pre- and post-implantation epiblasts, respectively, have been well characterized in mice and can be interconverted in vitro. Here, we summarize the recently reported strategies to generate human naive pluripotent stem cells in vitro. We discuss their applications in studies of regulatory mechanisms involved in early developmental processes, including identification of molecular features, X chromosome inactivation modeling, transposable elements regulation, metabolic characteristics, and cell fate regulation, as well as potential for extraembryonic differentiation and blastoid construction for embryogenesis modeling. We further discuss the naive pluripotency-related research, including 8C-like cell establishment and disease modeling. We also highlight limitations of current naive pluripotency studies, such as imperfect culture conditions and inadequate responsiveness to differentiation signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jindian Hu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ávila-González D, Gidi-Grenat MÁ, García-López G, Martínez-Juárez A, Molina-Hernández A, Portillo W, Díaz-Martínez NE, Díaz NF. Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Model for Human Embryogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:1192. [PMID: 37190101 PMCID: PMC10136597 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs; embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) can recapitulate critical aspects of the early stages of embryonic development; therefore, they became a powerful tool for the in vitro study of molecular mechanisms that underlie blastocyst formation, implantation, the spectrum of pluripotency and the beginning of gastrulation, among other processes. Traditionally, PSCs were studied in 2D cultures or monolayers, without considering the spatial organization of a developing embryo. However, recent research demonstrated that PSCs can form 3D structures that simulate the blastocyst and gastrula stages and other events, such as amniotic cavity formation or somitogenesis. This breakthrough provides an unparalleled opportunity to study human embryogenesis by examining the interactions, cytoarchitecture and spatial organization among multiple cell lineages, which have long remained a mystery due to the limitations of studying in utero human embryos. In this review, we will provide an overview of how experimental embryology currently utilizes models such as blastoids, gastruloids and other 3D aggregates derived from PSCs to advance our understanding of the intricate processes involved in human embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ávila-González
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Mikel Ángel Gidi-Grenat
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García-López
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Juárez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - Wendy Portillo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Néstor Emmanuel Díaz-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang J, Shi G, Pang J, Zhu X, Feng Q, Na J, Ma W, Liu D, Songyang Z. Crotonylation of GAPDH regulates human embryonic stem cell endodermal lineage differentiation and metabolic switch. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:63. [PMID: 37013624 PMCID: PMC10071711 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational modifications of proteins are crucial to the regulation of their activity and function. As a newly discovered acylation modification, crotonylation of non-histone proteins remains largely unexplored, particularly in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). METHODS We investigated the role of crotonylation in hESC differentiation by introduce crotonate into the culture medium of GFP tagged LTR7 primed H9 cell and extended pluripotent stem cell lines. RNA-seq assay was used to determine the hESC transcriptional features. Through morphological changes, qPCR of pluripotent and germ layer-specific gene markers and flow cytometry analysis, we determined that the induced crotonylation resulted in hESC differentiating into the endodermal lineage. We performed targeted metabolomic analysis and seahorse metabolic measurement to investigate the metabolism features after crotonate induction. Then high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed the target proteins in hESCs. In addition, the role of crotonylated glycolytic enzymes (GAPDH and ENOA) was evaluated by in vitro crotonylation and enzymatic activity assays. Finally, we used knocked-down hESCs by shRNA, wild GAPDH and GAPDH mutants to explore potential role of GAPDH crotonylation in regulating human embryonic stem cell differentiation and metabolic switch. RESULT We found that induced crotonylation in hESCs resulted in hESCs of different pluripotency states differentiating into the endodermal lineage. Increased protein crotonylation in hESCs was accompanied by transcriptomic shifts and decreased glycolysis. Large-scale crotonylation profiling of non-histone proteins revealed that metabolic enzymes were major targets of inducible crotonylation in hESCs. We further discovered GAPDH as a key glycolytic enzyme regulated by crotonylation during endodermal differentiation from hESCs. CONCLUSIONS Crotonylation of GAPDH decreased its enzymatic activity thereby leading to reduced glycolysis during endodermal differentiation from hESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Guang Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Junjie Pang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qingcai Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jie Na
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhou Songyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research and SYSU-BCM Joint Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li T, Zheng Y, Wu Z, Guo M, Liu R, Zeng W, Lv Y. YTHDF2 controls hexavalent chromium-induced mitophagy through modulating Hif1α and Bnip3 decay via the m 6A/mRNA pathway in spermatogonial stem cells/progenitors. Toxicol Lett 2023; 377:38-50. [PMID: 36739042 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the basis of spermatogenesis, and SSC homeostasis is essential for lifelong male fertility. Currently, environmental pollution remains one of the factors affecting human reproductive health. Chromium is a prevalent metal element, and excessive exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) can cause male reproductive disorders. Nevertheless, the toxic effects of Cr (VI) on SSCs and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we showed that Cr (VI) exposure triggered mitophagy in mouse SSCs/progenitors in a time-dependent manner. Concurrently, Cr (VI) treatment caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and activated the HIF1α-mediated BNIP3 expression to trigger mitophagy. In addition, Cr (VI) exposure significantly decreased the level of m6A modification. Further, we identified that YTHDF2 regulated the stability of Bnip3 and Hif1α mRNAs in an m6A-dependent manner, which was involved in Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy. Collectively, our study not only expands the mechanisms for Cr (VI)-caused male reproductive toxicity, but also provides pharmacological targets for prevention and treatment of Cr (VI)-induced male fertility impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhili Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yinghua Lv
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Metabolism-based cardiomyocytes production for regenerative therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 176:11-20. [PMID: 36681267 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are currently used in clinical applications such as cardiac regenerative therapy, studying disease models, and drug screening for heart failure. Transplantation of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) can be used as an alternative therapy for heart transplantation. In contrast to differentiated somatic cells, hPSCs possess unique metabolic programs to maintain pluripotency, and understanding their metabolic features can contribute to the development of technologies that can be useful for their clinical applications. The production of hPSC-CMs requires stepwise specification during embryonic development and metabolic regulation is crucial for proper embryonic development. These metabolic features have been applied to hPSC-CM production methods, such as mesoderm induction, specifications for cardiac progenitors, and their maturation. This review describes the metabolic programs in hPSCs and the metabolic regulation in hPSC-CM production for cardiac regenerative therapy.
Collapse
|
48
|
Guzel S, Gurpinar Y, Altunok TH, Yalcin A. Increased expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase-3 is required for growth of mouse embryonic stem cells that are undergoing differentiation. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:27-38. [PMID: 36713065 PMCID: PMC9880118 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The unlimited proliferation capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) coupled with their capability to differentiate into several cell types makes them an attractive candidate for studying the molecular mechanisms regulating self-renewal and transition from pluripotent state. Although the roles of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase family (PFKFB1-4) in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in tumor cells have been studied, their role in mouse ESC (mESC) biology is currently unkown. In the current study, Pfkfb isoenzyme expressions were analyzed in R1 and J1 mESCs that were cultured in the presence and absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). We report that expression of the Pfkfb3 isoenzyme was markedly increased when mESCs were promoted to differentiate upon LIF removal. We then demonstrated that Pfkfb3 silencing induced the differentiation marker Brachyury suggesting that Pfkfb3 may be required for the regulation of mesodermal differentiation of mESCs. Furthermore, we show that the increase in Pfkfb3 expression is required for the growth of early differentiated mESCs. Although these results provide important insights into the early differentiation of mESCs with regard to Pfkfb expressions, further mechanistic studies will be needed for understanding the pathways and mechanisms involved in regulation of proliferation and early differentiation of mESCs through Pfkfb3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saime Guzel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yunus Gurpinar
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Hazal Altunok
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Yalcin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Koo KM, Go YH, Kim SM, Kim CD, Do JT, Kim TH, Cha HJ. Label-free and non-destructive identification of naïve and primed embryonic stem cells based on differences in cellular metabolism. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121939. [PMID: 36521427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exist in naïve or primed states based on their origin. For in vitro culture, these PSCs require different supplements and growth factors. However, owing to their similar phenotypic features, identifying both cell types without harming cellular functions is challenging. This study reports an electrochemical method that enables simple, label-free, and non-destructive detection of naïve embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from mouse ESCs, based on the differences in cellular metabolism. Two major metabolic pathways to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-were blocked, and it was found that mitochondrial energy generation is the origin of the strong electrochemical signals of naïve ESCs. The number of ESCs is quantified when mixed with primed ESCs or converted from naïve-primed switchable metastable ESCs. The mouse PSCs derived from doxycycline-inducible mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are also sensitively identified among other cell types such as unconverted MEFs and primed PSCs. The developed sensing platform operates in a non-invasive and label-free manner. Thus, it can be useful in the development of stem cell-derived therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Mo Koo
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Go
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Dae Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Luo G, Wosinski P, Salazar-Noratto GE, Bensidhoum M, Bizios R, Marashi SA, Potier E, Sheng P, Petite H. Glucose Metabolism: Optimizing Regenerative Functionalities of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Postimplantation. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:47-61. [PMID: 35754335 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered promising candidates for regenerative medicine applications. Their clinical performance postimplantation, however, has been disappointing. This lack of therapeutic efficacy is most likely due to suboptimal formulations of MSC-containing material constructs. Tissue engineers, therefore, have developed strategies addressing/incorporating optimized cell, microenvironmental, biochemical, and biophysical cues/stimuli to enhance MSC-containing construct performance. Such approaches have had limited success because they overlooked that maintenance of MSC viability after implantation for a sufficient time is necessary for MSCs to develop their regenerative functionalities fully. Following a brief overview of glucose metabolism and regulation in MSCs, the present literature review includes recent pertinent findings that challenge old paradigms and notions. We hereby report that glucose is the primary energy substrate for MSCs, provides precursors for biomass generation, and regulates MSC functions, including proliferation and immunosuppressive properties. More importantly, glucose metabolism is central in controlling in vitro MSC expansion, in vivo MSC viability, and MSC-mediated angiogenesis postimplantation when addressing MSC-based therapies. Meanwhile, in silico models are highlighted for predicting the glucose needs of MSCs in specific regenerative medicine settings, which will eventually enable tissue engineers to design viable and potent tissue constructs. This new knowledge should be incorporated into developing novel effective MSC-based therapies. Impact statement The clinical use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been unsatisfactory due to the inability of MSCs to survive and be functional after implantation for sufficient periods to mediate directly or indirectly a successful regenerative tissue response. The present review summarizes the endeavors in the past, but, most importantly, reports the latest findings that elucidate underlying mechanisms and identify glucose metabolism as the crucial parameter in MSC survival and the subsequent functions pertinent to new tissue formation of importance in tissue regeneration applications. These latest findings justify further basic research and the impetus for developing new strategies to improve the modalities and efficacy of MSC-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guotian Luo
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pauline Wosinski
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Giuliana E Salazar-Noratto
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Rena Bizios
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sayed-Amir Marashi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esther Potier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Puyi Sheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hervé Petite
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|