1
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Zhao R, Huang S, Li J, Gu A, Fu M, Hua W, Mao Y, Lei QY, Lu B, Wen W. Excessive STAU1 condensate drives mTOR translation and autophagy dysfunction in neurodegeneration. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311127. [PMID: 38913026 PMCID: PMC11194678 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen1 (STAU1) regulates a variety of physiological and pathological events via mediating RNA metabolism. STAU1 overabundance was observed in tissues from mouse models and fibroblasts from patients with neurodegenerative diseases, accompanied by enhanced mTOR signaling and impaired autophagic flux, while the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we find that endogenous STAU1 forms dynamic cytoplasmic condensate in normal and tumor cell lines, as well as in mouse Huntington's disease knockin striatal cells. STAU1 condensate recruits target mRNA MTOR at its 5'UTR and promotes its translation both in vitro and in vivo, and thus enhanced formation of STAU1 condensate leads to mTOR hyperactivation and autophagy-lysosome dysfunction. Interference of STAU1 condensate normalizes mTOR levels, ameliorates autophagy-lysosome function, and reduces aggregation of pathological proteins in cellular models of neurodegenerative diseases. These findings highlight the importance of balanced phase separation in physiological processes, suggesting that modulating STAU1 condensate may be a strategy to mitigate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases with STAU1 overabundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijing Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihong Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boxun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Sun J, Morishima K, Inoue R, Sugiyama M, Takata T. Characterization of βB2-crystallin tryptophan mutants reveals two different folding states in solution. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5092. [PMID: 38924206 PMCID: PMC11201810 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Conserved tryptophan residues are critical for the structure and the stability of β/γ-crystallin in the lenses of vertebrates. During aging, in which the lenses are continuously exposed to ultraviolet irradiation and other environmental stresses, oxidation of tryptophan residues in β/γ-crystallin is triggered and impacts the lens proteins to varying degrees. Kynurenine derivatives, formed by oxidation of tryptophan, accumulate, resulting in destabilization and insolubilization of β/γ-crystallin, which correlates with age-related cataract formation. To understand the contribution of tryptophan modification on the structure and stability of human βB2-crystallin, five tryptophan residues were mutated to phenylalanine considering its similarity in structure and hydrophilicity to kynurenine. Among all mutants, W59F and W151F altered the stability and homo-oligomerization of βB2-crystallin-W59F promoted tetramerization whereas W151F blocked oligomerization. Most W59F dimers transformed into tetramer in a month, and the separated dimer and tetramer of W59F demonstrated different structures and hydrophobicity, implying that the biochemical properties of βB2-crystallin vary over time. By using SAXS, we found that the dimer of βB2-crystallin in solution resembled the lattice βB1-crystallin dimer (face-en-face), whereas the tetramer of βB2-crystallin in solution resembled its lattice tetramer (domain-swapped). Our results suggest that homo-oligomerization of βB2-crystallin includes potential inter-subunit reactions, such as dissociation, unfolding, and re-formation of the dimers into a tetramer in solution. The W>F mutants are useful in studying different folding states of βB2-crystallin in lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ken Morishima
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear ScienceKyoto UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Rintaro Inoue
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear ScienceKyoto UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Masaaki Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear ScienceKyoto UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Takumi Takata
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear ScienceKyoto UniversityOsakaJapan
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3
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Wang X, Feng Y, Wang F, Lin Z, Huang J, Li Q, Luo H, Liu X, Zhai X, Gao Q, Li L, Zhang Y, Wen J, Zhang L, Niu T, Zheng Y. Single-cell sequencing reveals the correlation of aggrephagy signaling and multiple myeloma immune microenvironment composition. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3712. [PMID: 38949072 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggrephagy, a type of autophagy, degrades the aggregation of misfolded protein in cells. However, the role of aggrephagy in multiple myeloma (MM) has not been fully demonstrated. In this study, we first investigated the correlation between aggrephagy signaling, MM immune microenvironment composition and disease prognosis. Single-cell RNA-seq data, including the expression profiles of 12,187 single cells from seven MM bone marrow (BM) and seven healthy BM samples, were analyzed by non-negative matrix factorization for 44 aggrephagy-related genes. Bulk RNA-seq cohorts from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to evaluate the prognostic value of aggrephagy-related immune cell subtypes and predict immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapeutic response in MM. Compared with healthy BM, MM BM exhibited different patterns of aggrephagy-related gene expression. In MM BM, macrophages, CD8+ T cells, B cells and natural killer cells could be grouped into four to nine aggrephagy-related subclusters. The signature of aggrephagy signaling molecule expression in the immune cells correlates with the patient's prognosis. Our investigation provides a novel view of aggrephagy signaling in MM tumor microenvironment cells, which might be a prognostic indicator and potential target for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhimei Lin
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingcao Huang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianwen Gao
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Wen
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhuan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Kumar P, Kinger S, Dubey AR, Jagtap YA, Choudhary A, Prasad A, Jha HC, Dhiman R, Gutti RK, Mishra A. Trehalose Promotes Clearance of Proteotoxic Aggregation of Neurodegenerative Disease-Associated Aberrant Proteins. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4055-4073. [PMID: 38057642 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded proteins compromises overall cellular health and fitness. The failure to remove misfolded proteins is a critical reason for their unwanted aggregation in dense cellular protein pools. The accumulation of various inclusions serves as a clinical feature for neurodegenerative diseases. Previous findings suggest that different cellular compartments can store these abnormal inclusions. Studies of transgenic mice and cellular models of neurodegenerative diseases indicate that depleted chaperone capacity contributes to the aggregation of damaged or aberrant proteins, which consequently disturb proteostasis and cell viability. However, improving these abnormal proteins' selective elimination is yet to be well understood. Still, molecular strategies that can promote the effective degradation of abnormal proteins without compromising cellular viability are unclear. Here, we reported that the trehalose treatment elevates endogenous proteasome levels and enhances the activities of the proteasome. Trehalose-mediated proteasomal activation elevates the removal of both bona fide misfolded and various neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins. Our current study suggests that trehalose may retain a proteasome activation potential, which seems helpful in the solubilization of different mutant misfolded proteins, improving cell viability. These results reveal a possible molecular approach to reduce the overload of intracellular misfolded proteins, and such cytoprotective functions may play a critical role against protein conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Sumit Kinger
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Ankur Rakesh Dubey
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Simrol, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
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5
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Sharma A, Shah OP, Sharma L, Gulati M, Behl T, Khalid A, Mohan S, Najmi A, Zoghebi K. Molecular Chaperones as Therapeutic Target: Hallmark of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4750-4767. [PMID: 38127187 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded and aggregated proteins build up in neurodegenerative illnesses, which causes neuronal dysfunction and ultimately neuronal death. In the last few years, there has been a significant upsurge in the level of interest towards the function of molecular chaperones in the control of misfolding and aggregation. The crucial molecular chaperones implicated in neurodegenerative illnesses are covered in this review article, along with a variety of their different methods of action. By aiding in protein folding, avoiding misfolding, and enabling protein breakdown, molecular chaperones serve critical roles in preserving protein homeostasis. By aiding in protein folding, avoiding misfolding, and enabling protein breakdown, molecular chaperones have integral roles in preserving regulation of protein balance. It has been demonstrated that aging, a significant risk factor for neurological disorders, affects how molecular chaperones function. The aggregation of misfolded proteins and the development of neurodegeneration may be facilitated by the aging-related reduction in chaperone activity. Molecular chaperones have also been linked to the pathophysiology of several instances of neuron withering illnesses, enumerating as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Molecular chaperones have become potential therapy targets concerning with the prevention and therapeutic approach for brain disorders due to their crucial function in protein homeostasis and their connection to neurodegenerative illnesses. Protein homeostasis can be restored, and illness progression can be slowed down by methods that increase chaperone function or modify their expression. This review emphasizes the importance of molecular chaperones in the context of neuron withering disorders and their potential as therapeutic targets for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Om Prakash Shah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 1444411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 20227, Australia
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India, Amity University, Mohali, India.
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box 2424, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Bahram Sangani N, Koetsier J, Mélius J, Kutmon M, Ehrhart F, Evelo CT, Curfs LMG, Reutelingsperger CP, Eijssen LMT. A novel insight into neurological disorders through HDAC6 protein-protein interactions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14666. [PMID: 38918466 PMCID: PMC11199618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its involvement in physiological and pathological processes, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is considered a promising pharmaceutical target for several neurological manifestations. However, the exact regulatory role of HDAC6 in the central nervous system (CNS) is still not fully understood. Hence, using a semi-automated literature screening technique, we systematically collected HDAC6-protein interactions that are experimentally validated and reported in the CNS. The resulting HDAC6 network encompassed 115 HDAC6-protein interactions divided over five subnetworks: (de)acetylation, phosphorylation, protein complexes, regulatory, and aggresome-autophagy subnetworks. In addition, 132 indirect interactions identified through HDAC6 inhibition were collected and categorized. Finally, to display the application of our HDAC6 network, we mapped transcriptomics data of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis on the network and highlighted that in the case of Alzheimer's disease, alterations predominantly affect the HDAC6 phosphorylation subnetwork, whereas differential expression within the deacetylation subnetwork is observed across all three neurological disorders. In conclusion, the HDAC6 network created in the present study is a novel and valuable resource for the understanding of the HDAC6 regulatory mechanisms, thereby providing a framework for the integration and interpretation of omics data from neurological disorders and pharmacodynamic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Bahram Sangani
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- GKC, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jarno Koetsier
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GKC, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Mélius
- DataHub, Maastricht University & Maastricht UMC+, P. Debyelaan 15, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Friederike Ehrhart
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Research Institute for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leopold M G Curfs
- GKC, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris P Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GKC, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars M T Eijssen
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Research Institute for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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7
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Moldovean-Cioroianu NS. Reviewing the Structure-Function Paradigm in Polyglutamine Disorders: A Synergistic Perspective on Theoretical and Experimental Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6789. [PMID: 38928495 PMCID: PMC11204371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the excessive expansion of CAG (cytosine, adenine, guanine) repeats within host proteins. The quest to unravel the complex diseases mechanism has led researchers to adopt both theoretical and experimental methods, each offering unique insights into the underlying pathogenesis. This review emphasizes the significance of combining multiple approaches in the study of polyQ disorders, focusing on the structure-function correlations and the relevance of polyQ-related protein dynamics in neurodegeneration. By integrating computational/theoretical predictions with experimental observations, one can establish robust structure-function correlations, aiding in the identification of key molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. PolyQ proteins' dynamics, influenced by their length and interactions with other molecular partners, play a pivotal role in the polyQ-related pathogenic cascade. Moreover, conformational dynamics of polyQ proteins can trigger aggregation, leading to toxic assembles that hinder proper cellular homeostasis. Understanding these intricacies offers new avenues for therapeutic strategies by fine-tuning polyQ kinetics, in order to prevent and control disease progression. Last but not least, this review highlights the importance of integrating multidisciplinary efforts to advancing research in this field, bringing us closer to the ultimate goal of finding effective treatments against polyQ disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia Sanda Moldovean-Cioroianu
- Institute of Materials Science, Bioinspired Materials and Biosensor Technologies, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany;
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogălniceanu 1, RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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8
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Ma X, Wang X, Chen F, Zou W, Ren J, Xin L, He P, Liang J, Xu Z, Dong C, Lan K, Wu S, Zhou HB. Novel Acyl Thiourea-Based Hydrophobic Tagging Degraders Exert Potent Anti-Influenza Activity through Two Distinct Endonuclease Polymerase Acidic-Targeted Degradation Pathways. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8791-8816. [PMID: 38775356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The spread of the influenza virus has caused devastating pandemics and huge economic losses worldwide. Antiviral drugs with diverse action modes are urgently required to overcome the challenges of viral mutation and drug resistance, and targeted protein degradation strategies constitute excellent candidates for this purpose. Herein, the first degradation of the influenza virus polymerase acidic (PA) protein using small-molecule degraders developed by hydrophobic tagging (HyT) technology to effectively combat the influenza virus was reported. The SAR results revealed that compound 19b with Boc2-(L)-Lys demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity against A/WSN/33/H1N1 (EC50 = 0.015 μM) and amantadine-resistant strain (A/PR/8/H1N1), low cytotoxicity, high selectivity, substantial degradation ability, and good drug-like properties. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the proteasome system and autophagic lysosome pathway were the potential drivers of these HyT degraders. Thus, this study provides a powerful tool for investigating the targeted degradation of influenza virus proteins and for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenting Zou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Junrui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lilan Xin
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Pei He
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinsen Liang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chune Dong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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9
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Jones NH, Liu Q, Urnavicius L, Dahan NE, Vostal LE, Kapoor TM. Allosteric activation of VCP, an AAA unfoldase, by small molecule mimicry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316892121. [PMID: 38833472 PMCID: PMC11181084 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316892121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The loss of function of AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) mechanoenzymes has been linked to diseases, and small molecules that activate these proteins can be powerful tools to probe mechanisms and test therapeutic hypotheses. Unlike chemical inhibitors that can bind a single conformational state to block enzyme function, activator binding must be permissive to different conformational states needed for mechanochemistry. However, we do not know how AAA proteins can be activated by small molecules. Here, we focus on valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, an AAA unfoldase whose loss of function has been linked to protein aggregation-based disorders, to identify druggable sites for chemical activators. We identified VCP ATPase Activator 1 (VAA1), a compound that dose-dependently stimulates VCP ATPase activity up to ~threefold. Our cryo-EM studies resulted in structures (ranging from ~2.9 to 3.7 Å-resolution) of VCP in apo and ADP-bound states and revealed that VAA1 binds an allosteric pocket near the C-terminus in both states. Engineered mutations in the VAA1-binding site confer resistance to VAA1, and furthermore, modulate VCP activity. Mutation of a phenylalanine residue in the VCP C-terminal tail that can occupy the VAA1 binding site also stimulates ATPase activity, suggesting that VAA1 acts by mimicking this interaction. Together, our findings uncover a druggable allosteric site and a mechanism of enzyme regulation that can be tuned through small molecule mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie H. Jones
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY10065
| | - Qiwen Liu
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Linas Urnavicius
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Noa E. Dahan
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Lauren E. Vostal
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY10065
| | - Tarun M. Kapoor
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
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10
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Remigante A, Spinelli S, Zuccolini P, Gavazzo P, Marino A, Pusch M, Morabito R, Dossena S. Melatonin protects Kir2.1 function in an oxidative stress-related model of aging neuroglia. Biofactors 2024; 50:523-541. [PMID: 38095328 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic biofactor and an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger and, as such, can be protective in oxidative stress-related brain conditions including epilepsy and aging. To test the potential protective effect of melatonin on brain homeostasis and identify the corresponding molecular targets, we established a new model of oxidative stress-related aging neuroglia represented by U-87 MG cells exposed to D-galactose (D-Gal). This model was characterized by a substantial elevation of markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation. The function of the inward rectifying K+ channel Kir2.1, which was identified as the main Kir channel endogenously expressed in these cells, was dramatically impaired. Kir2.1 was unlikely a direct target of oxidative stress, but the loss of function resulted from a reduction of protein abundance, with no alterations in transcript levels and trafficking to the cell surface. Importantly, melatonin reverted these changes. All findings, including the melatonin antioxidant effect, were reproduced in heterologous expression systems. We conclude that the glial Kir2.1 can be a target of oxidative stress and further suggest that inhibition of its function might alter the extracellular K+ buffering in the brain, therefore contributing to neuronal hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis during aging. Melatonin can play a protective role in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Remigante
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Spinelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Zuccolini
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Gavazzo
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael Pusch
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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11
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Kinger S, Jagtap YA, Kumar P, Choudhary A, Prasad A, Prajapati VK, Kumar A, Mehta G, Mishra A. Proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:270-333. [PMID: 38797543 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Proteostasis is essential for normal function of proteins and vital for cellular health and survival. Proteostasis encompasses all stages in the "life" of a protein, that is, from translation to functional performance and, ultimately, to degradation. Proteins need native conformations for function and in the presence of multiple types of stress, their misfolding and aggregation can occur. A coordinated network of proteins is at the core of proteostasis in cells. Among these, chaperones are required for maintaining the integrity of protein conformations by preventing misfolding and aggregation and guide those with abnormal conformation to degradation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are major cellular pathways for degrading proteins. Although failure or decreased functioning of components of this network can lead to proteotoxicity and disease, like neuron degenerative diseases, underlying factors are not completely understood. Accumulating misfolded and aggregated proteins are considered major pathomechanisms of neurodegeneration. In this chapter, we have described the components of three major branches required for proteostasis-chaperones, UPS and autophagy, the mechanistic basis of their function, and their potential for protection against various neurodegenerative conditions, like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. The modulation of various proteostasis network proteins, like chaperones, E3 ubiquitin ligases, proteasome, and autophagy-associated proteins as therapeutic targets by small molecules as well as new and unconventional approaches, shows promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kinger
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gunjan Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
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12
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Salcedo-Tacuma D, Asad N, Howells G, Anderson R, Smith DM. Proteasome hyperactivation rewires the proteome enhancing stress resistance, proteostasis, lipid metabolism and ERAD in C. elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588128. [PMID: 38617285 PMCID: PMC11014606 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Proteasome dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and age-related proteinopathies. Using a C. elegans model, we demonstrate that 20S proteasome hyperactivation, facilitated by 20S gate-opening, accelerates the targeting of intrinsically disordered proteins. This leads to increased protein synthesis, extensive rewiring of the proteome and transcriptome, enhanced oxidative stress defense, accelerated lipid metabolism, and peroxisome proliferation. It also promotes ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of aggregation-prone proteins, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin (ATZ) and various lipoproteins. Notably, our results reveal that 20S proteasome hyperactivation suggests a novel role in ERAD with broad implications for proteostasis-related disorders, simultaneously affecting lipid homeostasis and peroxisome proliferation. Furthermore, the enhanced cellular capacity to mitigate proteostasis challenges, alongside unanticipated acceleration of lipid metabolism is expected to contribute to the longevity phenotype of this mutant. Remarkably, the mechanism of longevity induced by 20S gate opening appears unique, independent of known longevity and stress-resistance pathways. These results support the therapeutic potential of 20S proteasome activation in mitigating proteostasis-related disorders broadly and provide new insights into the complex interplay between proteasome activity, cellular health, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Salcedo-Tacuma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 4 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Nadeeem. Asad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 4 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Giovanni Howells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 4 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Raymond Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 4 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV USA
| | - David M. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 4 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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13
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Kim J, Byun I, Kim DY, Joh H, Kim HJ, Lee MJ. Targeted protein degradation directly engaging lysosomes or proteasomes. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3253-3272. [PMID: 38369971 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has been established as a viable alternative to attenuate the function of a specific protein of interest in both biological and clinical contexts. The unique TPD mode-of-action has allowed previously undruggable proteins to become feasible targets, expanding the landscape of "druggable" properties and "privileged" target proteins. As TPD continues to evolve, a range of innovative strategies, which do not depend on recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligases as in proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), have emerged. Here, we present an overview of direct lysosome- and proteasome-engaging modalities and discuss their perspectives, advantages, and limitations. We outline the chemical composition, biochemical activity, and pharmaceutical characteristics of each degrader. These alternative TPD approaches not only complement the first generation of PROTACs for intracellular protein degradation but also offer unique strategies for targeting pathologic proteins located on the cell membrane and in the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Insuk Byun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hyunhi Joh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hak Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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14
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Li C, Hao B, Yang H, Wang K, Fan L, Xiao W. Protein aggregation and biomolecular condensation in hypoxic environments (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:33. [PMID: 38362920 PMCID: PMC10903932 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to molecular forces, biomacromolecules assemble into liquid condensates or solid aggregates, and their corresponding formation and dissolution processes are controlled. Protein homeostasis is disrupted by increasing age or environmental stress, leading to irreversible protein aggregation. Hypoxic pressure is an important factor in this process, and uncontrolled protein aggregation has been widely observed in hypoxia‑related conditions such as neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, hypoxic brain injury and cancer. Biomolecular condensates are also high‑order complexes assembled from macromolecules. Although they exist in different phase from protein aggregates, they are in dynamic balance under certain conditions, and their activation or assembly are considered as important regulatory processes in cell survival with hypoxic pressure. Therefore, a better understanding of the relationship between hypoxic stress, protein aggregation and biomolecular condensation will bring marked benefits in the clinical treatment of various diseases. The aim of the present review was to summarize the underlying mechanisms of aggregate assembly and dissolution induced by hypoxic conditions, and address recent breakthroughs in understanding the role of aggregates in hypoxic‑related diseases, given the hypotheses that hypoxia induces macromolecular assemblage changes from a liquid to a solid phase, and that adenosine triphosphate depletion and ATP‑driven inactivation of multiple protein chaperones play important roles among the process. Moreover, it is anticipated that an improved understanding of the adaptation in hypoxic environments could extend the overall survival of patients and provide new strategies for hypoxic‑related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Bingjie Hao
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Haiguang Yang
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Fan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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15
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Marino N, Bedeschi M, Vaccari ME, Cambiaghi M, Tesei A. Glitches in the brain: the dangerous relationship between radiotherapy and brain fog. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1328361. [PMID: 38515789 PMCID: PMC10956129 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1328361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Up to approximately 70% of cancer survivors report persistent deficits in memory, attention, speed of information processing, multi-tasking, and mental health functioning, a series of symptoms known as "brain fog." The severity and duration of such effects can vary depending on age, cancer type, and treatment regimens. In particular, every year, hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide undergo radiotherapy (RT) for primary brain tumors and brain metastases originating from extracranial tumors. Besides its potential benefits in the control of tumor progression, recent studies indicate that RT reprograms the brain tumor microenvironment inducing increased activation of microglia and astrocytes and a consequent general condition of neuroinflammation that in case it becomes chronic could lead to a cognitive decline. Furthermore, radiation can induce endothelium reticulum (ER) stress directly or indirectly by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) activating compensatory survival signaling pathways in the RT-surviving fraction of healthy neuronal and glial cells. In particular, the anomalous accumulation of misfolding proteins in neuronal cells exposed to radiation as a consequence of excessive activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) could pave the way to neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, exposure of cells to ionizing radiation was also shown to affect the normal proteasome activity, slowing the degradation rate of misfolded proteins, and further exacerbating ER-stress conditions. This compromises several neuronal functions, with neuronal accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins with a consequent switch from proteasome to immunoproteasome that increases neuroinflammation, a crucial risk factor for neurodegeneration. The etiology of brain fog remains elusive and can arise not only during treatment but can also persist for an extended period after the end of RT. In this review, we will focus on the molecular pathways triggered by radiation therapy affecting cognitive functions and potentially at the origin of so-called "brain fog" symptomatology, with the aim to define novel therapeutic strategies to preserve healthy brain tissue from cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Marino
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Martina Bedeschi
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Melania Elettra Vaccari
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Marco Cambiaghi
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
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16
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Athari SZ, Farajdokht F, Keyhanmanesh R, Mohaddes G. AMPK Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Parkinson's Disease. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:120-131. [PMID: 38585465 PMCID: PMC10997932 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Genetic factors, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, cytotoxic factors, and mitochondrial dysfunction are all involved in neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. The risk of PD can be higher in aging individuals due to decreased mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) function. The potential of AMPK to regulate neurodegenerative disorders lies in its ability to enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, decrease mitophagy and macroautophagy, and inhibit inflammation. In addition, it has been shown that modulating the catalytic activity of AMPK can protect the nervous system. This article reviews the mechanisms by which AMPK activation can modulate PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Zanyar Athari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Education, California Health Sciences University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clovis, CA, USA
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17
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James LM, Strickland Z, Lopez N, Whited JL, Maden M, Lewis J. Identification and Analysis of Axolotl Homologs for Proteins Implicated in Human Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:310. [PMID: 38540368 PMCID: PMC10969905 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative proteinopathies such as Alzheimer's Disease are characterized by abnormal protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Neuroresilience or regenerative strategies to prevent neurodegeneration, preserve function, or restore lost neurons may have the potential to combat human proteinopathies; however, the adult human brain possesses a limited capacity to replace lost neurons. In contrast, axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) show robust brain regeneration. To determine whether axolotls may help identify potential neuroresilience or regenerative strategies in humans, we first interrogated whether axolotls express putative proteins homologous to human proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases. We compared the homology between human and axolotl proteins implicated in human proteinopathies and found that axolotls encode proteins highly similar to human microtubule-binding protein tau (tau), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and β-secretase 1 (BACE1), which are critically involved in human proteinopathies like Alzheimer's Disease. We then tested monoclonal Tau and BACE1 antibodies previously used in human and rodent neurodegenerative disease studies using immunohistochemistry and western blotting to validate the homology for these proteins. These studies suggest that axolotls may prove useful in studying the role of these proteins in disease within the context of neuroresilience and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. James
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.M.J.); (Z.S.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zachary Strickland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.M.J.); (Z.S.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Noah Lopez
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- The Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jessica L. Whited
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- The Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Malcolm Maden
- Department of Biology and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jada Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.M.J.); (Z.S.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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18
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Magnati S, Alladio E, Bracco E. A Survey on the Expression of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System Components HECT- and RBR-E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and E2 Ubiquitin-Conjugating and E1 Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes during Human Brain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2361. [PMID: 38397039 PMCID: PMC10889685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human brain development involves a tightly regulated sequence of events that starts shortly after conception and continues up to adolescence. Before birth, neurogenesis occurs, implying an extensive differentiation process, sustained by changes in the gene expression profile alongside proteome remodeling, regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. The latter processes rely on the selective tagging with ubiquitin of the proteins that must be disposed of. E3 ubiquitin ligases accomplish the selective recognition of the target proteins. At the late stage of neurogenesis, the brain starts to take shape, and neurons migrate to their designated locations. After birth, neuronal myelination occurs, and, in parallel, neurons form connections among each other throughout the synaptogenesis process. Due to the malfunctioning of UPS components, aberrant brain development at the very early stages leads to neurodevelopmental disorders. Through deep data mining and analysis and by taking advantage of machine learning-based models, we mapped the transcriptomic profile of the genes encoding HECT- and ring-between-ring (RBR)-E3 ubiquitin ligases as well as E2 ubiquitin-conjugating and E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes during human brain development, from early post-conception to adulthood. The inquiry outcomes unveiled some implications for neurodevelopment-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Magnati
- Centro Regionale Anti Doping—A. Bertinaria, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Eugenio Alladio
- Centro Regionale Anti Doping—A. Bertinaria, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Bracco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica, 10135 Turin, Italy
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19
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Albert-Gasco H, Smith HL, Alvarez-Castelao B, Swinden D, Halliday M, Janaki-Raman S, Butcher AJ, Mallucci GR. Trazodone rescues dysregulated synaptic and mitochondrial nascent proteomes in prion neurodegeneration. Brain 2024; 147:649-664. [PMID: 37703312 PMCID: PMC10834243 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is rapidly gaining momentum as a therapeutic target for protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases, in which its overactivation results in sustained translational repression leading to synapse loss and neurodegeneration. In mouse models of these disorders, from Alzheimer's to prion disease, modulation of the pathway-including by the licensed drug, trazodone-restores global protein synthesis rates with profound neuroprotective effects. However, the precise nature of the translational impairment, in particular the specific proteins affected in disease, and their response to therapeutic UPR modulation are poorly understood. We used non-canonical amino acid tagging (NCAT) to measure de novo protein synthesis in the brains of prion-diseased mice with and without trazodone treatment, in both whole hippocampus and cell-specifically. During disease the predominant nascent proteome changes occur in synaptic, cytoskeletal and mitochondrial proteins in both hippocampal neurons and astrocytes. Remarkably, trazodone treatment for just 2 weeks largely restored the whole disease nascent proteome in the hippocampus to that of healthy, uninfected mice, predominantly with recovery of proteins involved in synaptic and mitochondrial function. In parallel, trazodone treatment restored the disease-associated decline in synapses and mitochondria and their function to wild-type levels. In conclusion, this study increases our understanding of how translational repression contributes to neurodegeneration through synaptic and mitochondrial toxicity via depletion of key proteins essential for their function. Further, it provides new insights into the neuroprotective mechanisms of trazodone through reversal of this toxicity, relevant for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases via translational modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Albert-Gasco
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Great Abington CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Heather L Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Great Abington CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Beatriz Alvarez-Castelao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- The San Carlos Hospital Health Research Institute, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dean Swinden
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Great Abington CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Mark Halliday
- Cambridge Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Great Abington CB21 6GP, UK
| | | | - Adrian J Butcher
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Great Abington CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Giovanna R Mallucci
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Great Abington CB21 6GP, UK
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20
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Sule KC, Nakamura M, Parkhurst SM. Nuclear envelope budding: Getting large macromolecular complexes out of the nucleus. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300182. [PMID: 38044581 PMCID: PMC10843589 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Transport of macromolecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is essential for nearly all cellular and developmental events, and when mis-regulated, is associated with diseases, tumor formation/growth, and cancer progression. Nuclear Envelope (NE)-budding is a newly appreciated nuclear export pathway for large macromolecular machineries, including those assembled to allow co-regulation of functionally related components, that bypasses canonical nuclear export through nuclear pores. In this pathway, large macromolecular complexes are enveloped by the inner nuclear membrane, transverse the perinuclear space, and then exit through the outer nuclear membrane to release its contents into the cytoplasm. NE-budding is a conserved process and shares many features with nuclear egress mechanisms used by herpesviruses. Despite its biological importance and clinical relevance, little is yet known about the regulatory and structural machineries that allow NE-budding to occur in any system. Here we summarize what is currently known or proposed for this intriguing nuclear export process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Sule
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Susan M. Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
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21
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Kinger S, Jagtap YA, Dubey AR, Kumar P, Choudhary A, Dhiman R, Prajapati VK, Chitkara D, Poluri KM, Mishra A. Lanosterol elevates cytoprotective response through induced-proteasomal degradation of aberrant proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119631. [PMID: 37967794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Efficient protein synthesis is a basic requirement of our cells to replace the old or defective proteins from the intrinsic crowded biomolecular environment. The interconnection among synthesis, folding, and degradation of proteins represents central paradigm to proteostasis. Failure of protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms results in the disturbance and inadequate functions of proteome. The consequent misfolded protein accumulation can form the basis of neurodegeneration onset and largely represents imperfect aging. Understanding how cells improve the function of deregulated PQC mechanisms to establish and maintain proteostasis against the unwanted sequestration of normal proteins with misfolded proteinaceous inclusions is a major challenge. Here we show that treatment of Lanosterol, a cholesterol synthesis pathway intermediate, induces Proteasome proteolytic activities and, therefore, supports the PQC mechanism for the elimination of intracellular aberrant proteins. The exposure of Lanosterol not only promotes Proteasome catalytic functions but also elevates the removal of both bona fide and neurodegenerative diseases associated toxic proteins. Our current study suggests that increasing Proteasome functions with the help of small molecules such as Lanosterol could serve as a cytoprotective therapeutic approach against abnormal protein accumulation. Cumulatively, based on findings in this study, we can understand the critical importance of small molecules and their potential therapeutic influence in re-establishing disturbed proteostasis linked with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kinger
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Ankur Rakesh Dubey
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-Pilani), Vidya Vihar Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India.
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22
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Hong B, Ohtake Y, Itokazu T, Yamashita T. Glial senescence enhances α-synuclein pathology owing to its insufficient clearance caused by autophagy dysfunction. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:50. [PMID: 38272865 PMCID: PMC10811334 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Aging is a significant risk factor for PD. The accumulation of senescent glial cells in the aged brain contributes to PD progression by inducing chronic neuroinflammatory processes. However, although the insufficient degradation of α-syn aggregates results in PD deterioration, the possible alteration in the ability of α-syn clearance in senescent glia has received little attention. In this study, we investigated how aging and glial senescence affect the capacity of α-syn clearance. We found that following the intra-striatal injection of human α-syn (hu-α-syn) preformed fibril, hu-α-syn pathology persisted more in aged mice compared with younger mice and that aged microglia exhibited greater accumulation of hu-α-syn than younger microglia. Moreover, in vitro assay revealed that the clearance of hu-α-syn was primarily dependent on the autophagy-lysosome system rather than on the ubiquitin-proteasome system and that the capacity of hu-α-syn clearance was diminished in senescent glia because of autophagy-lysosome system dysfunction. Overall, this study provides new insights into the role of senescent glia in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hong
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ohtake
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahide Itokazu
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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23
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Mansour HM, Mohamed AF, Khattab MM, El-Khatib AS. Heat Shock Protein 90 in Parkinson's Disease: Profile of a Serial Killer. Neuroscience 2024; 537:32-46. [PMID: 38040085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by abnormal α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, as well as progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Molecular chaperones play a role in stabilizing proteins and helping them achieve their proper structure. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) can lead to the death of dopaminergic neurons associated with PD. Inhibiting HSP90 is considered a potential treatment approach for neurodegenerative disorders, as it may reduce protein aggregation and related toxicity, as well as suppress various forms of regulated cell death (RCD). This review provides an overview of HSP90 and its role in PD, focusing on its modulation of proteostasis and quality control of LRRK2. The review also explores the effects of HSP90 on different types of RCD, such as apoptosis, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Additionally, it discusses HSP90 inhibitors that have been tested in PD models. We will highlight the under-investigated neuroprotective effects of HSP90 inhibition, including modulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, PINK/PARKIN, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), and the PHD2-HSP90 complex-mediated mitochondrial stress pathway. By examining previous literature, this review uncovers overlooked neuroprotective mechanisms and emphasizes the need for further research on HSP90 inhibitors as potential therapeutic strategies for PD. Finally, the review discusses the potential limitations and possibilities of using HSP90 inhibitors in PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Mansour
- Central Administration of Biological, Innovative Products, and Clinical Studies (BIO-INN), Egyptian Drug Authority, EDA, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai 46612, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Khattab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aiman S El-Khatib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Bhattacharyya U, John J, Lam M, Fisher J, Sun B, Baird D, Chen CY, Lencz T. Large-Scale Mendelian Randomization Study Reveals Circulating Blood-based Proteomic Biomarkers for Psychopathology and Cognitive Task Performance. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.18.24301455. [PMID: 38293198 PMCID: PMC10827252 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.24301455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Research on peripheral (e.g., blood-based) biomarkers for psychiatric illness has typically been low-throughput in terms of both the number of subjects and the range of assays performed. Moreover, traditional case-control studies examining blood-based biomarkers are subject to potential confounds of treatment and other exposures common to patients with psychiatric illnesses. Our research addresses these challenges by leveraging large-scale, high-throughput proteomics data and Mendelian Randomization (MR) to examine the causal impact of circulating proteins on psychiatric phenotypes and cognitive task performance. Methods We utilized plasma proteomics data from the UK Biobank (3,072 proteins assayed in 34,557 European-ancestry individuals) and deCODE Genetics (4,719 proteins measured across 35,559 Icelandic individuals). Significant proteomic quantitative trait loci (both cis-pQTLs and trans-pQTLs) served as MR instruments, with the most recent GWAS for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and cognitive task performance (all excluding overlapping UK Biobank participants) as phenotypic outcomes. Results MR revealed 109 Bonferroni-corrected causal associations (44 novel) involving 88 proteins across the four phenotypes. Several immune-related proteins, including interleukins and complement factors, stood out as pleiotropic across multiple outcome phenotypes. Drug target enrichment analysis identified several novel potential pharmacologic repurposing opportunities, including anti-inflammatory agents for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and duloxetine for cognitive performance. Conclusions Identification of causal effects for these circulating proteins suggests potential biomarkers for these conditions and offers insights for developing innovative therapeutic strategies. The findings also indicate substantial evidence for the pleiotropic effects of many proteins across different phenotypes, shedding light on the shared etiology among psychiatric conditions and cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Bhattacharyya
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
| | - Jibin John
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
| | - Max Lam
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
| | - Jonah Fisher
- Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | - Todd Lencz
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
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25
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Longobardi A, Catania M, Geviti A, Salvi E, Vecchi ER, Bellini S, Saraceno C, Nicsanu R, Squitti R, Binetti G, Di Fede G, Ghidoni R. Autophagy Markers Are Altered in Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Frontotemporal Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1125. [PMID: 38256197 PMCID: PMC10816165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of protein aggregates defines distinct, yet overlapping pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In this study, we investigated ATG5, UBQLN2, ULK1, and LC3 concentrations in 66 brain specimens and 120 plasma samples from AD, DLB, FTD, and control subjects (CTRL). Protein concentration was measured with ELISA kits in temporal, frontal, and occipital cortex specimens of 32 AD, 10 DLB, 10 FTD, and 14 CTRL, and in plasma samples of 30 AD, 30 DLB, 30 FTD, and 30 CTRL. We found alterations in ATG5, UBQLN2, ULK1, and LC3 levels in patients; ATG5 and UBQLN2 levels were decreased in both brain specimens and plasma samples of patients compared to those of the CTRL, while LC3 levels were increased in the frontal cortex of DLB and FTD patients. In this study, we demonstrate alterations in different steps related to ATG5, UBQLN2, and LC3 autophagy pathways in DLB and FTD patients. Molecular alterations in the autophagic processes could play a role in a shared pathway involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, supporting the hypothesis of a common molecular mechanism underlying major neurodegenerative dementias and suggesting different potential therapeutic targets in the autophagy pathway for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Longobardi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Marcella Catania
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Andrea Geviti
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Erika Salvi
- Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Data Science Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Rita Vecchi
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Sonia Bellini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Claudia Saraceno
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Roland Nicsanu
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio, Ospedale Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC-Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.V.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (S.B.); (C.S.); (R.N.); (R.S.); (R.G.)
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26
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Dinamarca MC, Colombo L, Brykczynska U, Grimm A, Fruh I, Hossain I, Gabriel D, Eckert A, Müller M, Pecho-Vrieseling E. Transmission-selective muscle pathology induced by the active propagation of mutant huntingtin across the human neuromuscular synapse. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1287510. [PMID: 38235149 PMCID: PMC10791992 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1287510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuron-to-neuron transmission of aggregation-prone, misfolded proteins may potentially explain the spatiotemporal accumulation of pathological lesions in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative protein-misfolding diseases (PMDs). However, little is known about protein transmission from the central nervous system to the periphery, or how this propagation contributes to PMD pathology. To deepen our understanding of these processes, we established two functional neuromuscular systems derived from human iPSCs. One was suitable for long-term high-throughput live-cell imaging and the other was adapted to a microfluidic system assuring that connectivity between motor neurons and muscle cells was restricted to the neuromuscular junction. We show that the Huntington's disease (HD)-associated mutant HTT exon 1 protein (mHTTEx1) is transmitted from neurons to muscle cells across the human neuromuscular junction. We found that transmission is an active and dynamic process that starts before aggregate formation and is regulated by synaptic activity. We further found that transmitted mHTTEx1 causes HD-relevant pathology at both molecular and functional levels in human muscle cells, even in the presence of the ubiquitous expression of mHTTEx1. In conclusion, we have uncovered a causal link between mHTTEx1 synaptic transmission and HD pathology, highlighting the therapeutic potential of blocking toxic protein transmission in PMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita C. Dinamarca
- Neuronal Development and Degeneration Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Colombo
- Neuronal Development and Degeneration Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urszula Brykczynska
- Neuronal Development and Degeneration Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Grimm
- Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Fruh
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Imtiaz Hossain
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Gabriel
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Müller
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eline Pecho-Vrieseling
- Neuronal Development and Degeneration Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Wang X, Song Y, Cong P, Wang Z, Liu Y, Xu J, Xue C. Docosahexaenoic Acid-Acylated Astaxanthin Monoester Ameliorates Amyloid-β Pathology and Neuronal Damage by Restoring Autophagy in Alzheimer's Disease Models. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300414. [PMID: 37991232 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Astaxanthin (AST) is ubiquitous in aquatic foods and microorganisms. The study previously finds that docosahexaenoic acid-acylated AST monoester (AST-DHA) improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Moreover, autophagy is reportedly involved in amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance and AD pathogenesis. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the preventive effect of AST-DHA and elucidates the mechanism of autophagy modulation in Aβ pathology. METHODS AND RESULTS In the cellular AD model, AST-DHA significantly reduces toxic Aβ1-42 levels and alleviated the accumulation of autophagic markers (LC3II/I and p62) in Aβ25-35 -induced SH-SY5Y cells. Notably, AST-DHA restores the autophagic flux in SH-SY5YmRFP-GFP-LC3 cells. In APP/PS1 mice, a 3-month dietary supplementation of AST-DHA exceeded free-astaxanthin (F-AST) capacity to increase hippocampal and cortical autophagy. Mechanistically, AST-DHA restores autophagy by activating the ULK1 signaling pathway and restoring autophagy-lysosome fusion. Moreover, AST-DHA relieves ROS production and mitochondrial stress affecting autophagy in AD. As a favorable outcome of restored autophagy, AST-DHA mitigates cerebral Aβ and p-Tau deposition, ultimately improving neuronal function. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that AST-DHA can rectify autophagic impairment in AD, and confer neuroprotection in Aβ-related pathology, which supports the future application of AST as an autophagic inducer for maintaining brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Yu Song
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Jie Xu
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
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Wu MY, Li ZW, Lu JH. Molecular Modulators and Receptors of Selective Autophagy: Disease Implication and Identification Strategies. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:751-764. [PMID: 38169614 PMCID: PMC10758101 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.83205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved physiological process that maintains cellular homeostasis by recycling cellular contents. Selective autophagy is based on the specificity of cargo recognition and has been implicated in various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Selective autophagy receptors and modulators play key roles in this process. Identifying these receptors and modulators and their roles is critical for understanding the machinery and physiological function of selective autophagy and providing therapeutic value for diseases. Using modern researching tools and novel screening technologies, an increasing number of selective autophagy receptors and modulators have been identified. A variety of Strategies and approaches, including protein-protein interactions (PPIs)-based identification and genome-wide screening, have been used to identify selective autophagy receptors and modulators. Understanding the strengths and challenges of these approaches not only promotes the discovery of even more such receptors and modulators but also provides a useful reference for the identification of regulatory proteins or genes involved in other cellular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the functions, disease association, and identification strategies of selective autophagy receptors and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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29
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Jonnavithula A, Tandar M, Umar M, Orton SN, Woodrum MC, Mookherjee S, Boudina S, Symons JD, Ghosh R. A Fluorogenic-Based Assay to Measure Chaperone-Mediated Autophagic Activity in Cells and Tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.14.571785. [PMID: 38168260 PMCID: PMC10760084 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.14.571785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective Pathologies including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders are caused by the accumulation of misfolded / damaged proteins. Intracellular protein degradation mechanisms play a critical role in the clearance of these disease-causing proteins. Chaperone mediated autophagy (CMA) is a protein degradation pathway that employs chaperones to bind proteins, bearing a unique KFERQ-like motif, for delivery to a CMA-specific Lysosome Associated Membrane Protein 2a (LAMP2a) receptor for lysosomal degradation. To date, steady-state CMA function has been assessed by measuring LAMP2A protein expression. However, this does not provide information regarding CMA degradation activity. To fill this dearth of tools / assays to measure CMA activity, we generated a CMA-specific fluorogenic substrate assay. Methods A KFERQ-AMC [Lys-Phe-Asp-Arg-Gln-AMC(7-amino-4-methylcou-marin)] fluorogenic CMA substrate was synthesized from Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. KFERQ-AMC, when cleaved via lysosomal hydrolysis, causes AMC to release and fluoresce (Excitation:355 nm, Emission:460 nm). Using an inhibitor of lysosomal proteases, i.e., E64D [L-trans-Epoxy-succinyl-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane)], responsible for cleaving CMA substrates, the actual CMA activity was determined. Essentially, CMA activity = (substrate) fluorescence - (substrate+E64D) fluorescence . To confirm specificity of the KFERQ sequence for CMA, negative control peptides were used. Results Heart, liver, and kidney lysates containing intact lysosomes were obtained from 4-month-old adult male mice. First, lysates incubated with KFERQ-AMC displayed a time dependent (0-5 hour) increase in AMC fluorescence vs. lysates incubated with negative control peptides. These data validate the specificity of KFERQ for CMA. Of note, liver exhibited the highest CMA (6-fold; p<0.05) > kidney (2.4-fold) > heart (0.4-fold) at 5-hours. Second, E64D prevented KFERQ-AMC degradation, substantiating that KFERQ-AMC is degraded via lysosomes. Third, cleavage of KFERQ-AMC and resulting AMC fluorescence was inhibited in Human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and H9c2 cardiac cells transfected with Lamp2a vs. control siRNA. Further, enhancing CMA using Lamp2a adenovirus upregulated KFERQ degradation. These data suggest that LAMP2A is required for KFERQ degradation. Conclusion. We have generated a novel assay for measuring CMA activity in cells and tissues in a variety of experimental contexts. Abstract Figure
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30
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Reed EG, Keller-Norrell PR. Minding the Gap: Exploring Neuroinflammatory and Microglial Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17377. [PMID: 38139206 PMCID: PMC10743742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into Alzheimer's Disease (AD) describes a link between AD and the resident immune cells of the brain, the microglia. Further, this suspected link is thought to have underlying sex effects, although the mechanisms of these effects are only just beginning to be understood. Many of these insights are the result of policies put in place by funding agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to consider sex as a biological variable (SABV) and the move towards precision medicine due to continued lackluster therapeutic options. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated assessment of the current research that summarizes sex differences and the research pertaining to microglia and their varied responses in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin G. Reed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44242, USA
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He T, Wen C, Yang G, Yang X. Targeted Protein Degradation: Principles, Strategies, and Applications. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300083. [PMID: 37518856 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein degradation is a general process to maintain cell homeostasis. The intracellular protein quality control system mainly includes the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the lysosome pathway. Inspired by the physiological process, strategies to degrade specific proteins have developed, which emerge as potent and effective tools in biological research and drug discovery. This review focuses on recent advances in targeted protein degradation techniques, summarizing the principles, advantages, and challenges. Moreover, the potential applications and future direction in biological science and clinics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Wen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Yang
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xuekang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
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Burov AV, Rodin AA, Karpov VL, Morozov AV. The Role of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in the Biology of Stem Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:2043-2053. [PMID: 38462448 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923120076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Selective degradation of cellular proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is one of the key regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotic cells. A growing body of evidence indicates that UPS is involved in the regulation of fundamental processes in mammalian stem cells, including proliferation, differentiation, cell migration, aging, and programmed cell death, via proteolytic degradation of key transcription factors and cell signaling proteins and post-translational modification of target proteins with ubiquitin. Studying molecular mechanisms of proteostasis in stem cells is of great importance for the development of new therapeutic approaches aimed at the treatment of autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other socially significant pathologies. This review discusses current data on the UPS functions in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Burov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Rodin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vadim L Karpov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey V Morozov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Amirian R, Azadi Badrbani M, Izadi Z, Samadian H, Bahrami G, Sarvari S, Abdolmaleki S, Nabavi SM, Derakhshankhah H, Jaymand M. Targeted protein modification as a paradigm shift in drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115765. [PMID: 37659194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeted Protein Modification (TPM) is an umbrella term encompassing numerous tools and approaches that use bifunctional agents to induce a desired modification over the POI. The most well-known TPM mechanism is PROTAC-directed protein ubiquitination. PROTAC-based targeted degradation offers several advantages over conventional small-molecule inhibitors, has shifted the drug discovery paradigm, and is acquiring increasing interest as over ten PROTACs have entered clinical trials in the past few years. Targeting the protein of interest for proteasomal degradation by PROTACS was the pioneer of various toolboxes for selective protein degradation. Nowadays, the ever-increasing number of tools and strategies for modulating and modifying the POI has expanded far beyond protein degradation, which phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation of the protein of interest, targeted acetylation, and selective modification of protein O-GlcNAcylation are among them. These novel strategies have opened new avenues for achieving more precise outcomes while remaining feasible and minimizing side effects. This field, however, is still in its infancy and has a long way to precede widespread use and translation into clinical practice. Herein, we investigate the pros and cons of these novel strategies by exploring the latest advancements in this field. Ultimately, we briefly discuss the emerging potential applications of these innovations in cancer therapy, neurodegeneration, viral infections, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Amirian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Azadi Badrbani
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Bahrami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Sajad Sarvari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Sara Abdolmaleki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Li X, Mariappan M. Nascent Chain Ubiquitination is Uncoupled from Degradation to Enable Protein Maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.09.561585. [PMID: 37873109 PMCID: PMC10592752 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.561585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
A significant proportion of nascent proteins undergo polyubiquitination on ribosomes in mammalian cells, yet the fate of these proteins remains elusive. The ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) is a mechanism that mediates the ubiquitination of nascent chains on stalled ribosomes. Here, we find that nascent proteins ubiquitinated on stalled ribosomes by the RQC E3 ligase LTN1 are insufficient for proteasomal degradation. Our biochemical reconstitution studies reveal that ubiquitinated nascent chains are promptly deubiquitinated in the cytosol upon release from stalled ribosomes, as they are no longer associated with LTN1 E3 ligase for continuous ubiquitination to compete with cytosolic deubiquitinases. These deubiquitinated nascent chains can mature into stable proteins. However, if they misfold and expose a degradation signal, the cytosolic quality control recognizes them for re-ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Thus, our findings suggest that cycles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination spare foldable nascent proteins while ensuring the degradation of terminally misfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanobiology Institute, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Malaiyalam Mariappan
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanobiology Institute, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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Zheng H, Li G, Min J, Xu X, Huang W. Lysosome and related protein degradation technologies. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103767. [PMID: 37708931 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, targeted protein degradation technologies based on lysosomal pathways have been developed. Lysosome-based targeted protein degradation technology has a broad range of substrates and the potential to degrade intracellular and extracellular proteins, protein aggregates, damaged organelles and non-protein molecules. Thus, they hold great promise for drug R&D. This study has focused on the biogenesis of lysosomes, their basic functions, lysosome-associated diseases and targeted protein degradation technologies through the lysosomal pathway. In addition, we thoroughly examine the potential applications and limitations of this technology and engage in insightful discussions on potential avenues for future research. Our primary objective is to foster preclinical research on this technology and facilitate its successful clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Gangjian Li
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Jingli Min
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Xiangwei Xu
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Wenhai Huang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China.
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Qiao L, Hu J, Qiu X, Wang C, Peng J, Zhang C, Zhang M, Lu H, Chen W. LAMP2A, LAMP2B and LAMP2C: similar structures, divergent roles. Autophagy 2023; 19:2837-2852. [PMID: 37469132 PMCID: PMC10549195 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2235196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
LAMP2 (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2) is one of the major protein components of the lysosomal membrane. There currently exist three LAMP2 isoforms, LAMP2A, LAMP2B and LAMP2C, and they vary in distribution and function. LAMP2A serves as a receptor and channel for transporting cytosolic proteins in a process called chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). LAMP2B is required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion in cardiomyocytes and is one of the components of exosome membranes. LAMP2C is primarily implicated in a novel type of autophagy in which nucleic acids are taken up into lysosomes for degradation. In this review, the current evidence for the function of each LAMP2 isoform in various pathophysiological processes and human diseases, as well as their possible mechanisms, are comprehensively summarized. We discuss the evolutionary patterns of the three isoforms in vertebrates and provide technical guidance on investigating these isoforms. We are also concerned with the newly arising questions in this particular research area that remain unanswered. Advances in the functions of the three LAMP2 isoforms will uncover new links between lysosomal dysfunction, autophagy and human diseases.Abbreviation: ACSL4: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4; AD: Alzheimer disease; Ag: antigens; APP: amyloid beta precursor protein; ATG14: autophagy related 14; AVSF: autophagic vacuoles with unique sarcolemmal features; BBC3/PUMA: BCL2 binding component 3; CCD: C-terminal coiled coil domain; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CVDs: cardiovascular diseases; DDIT4/REDD1: DNA damage inducible transcript 4; ECs: endothelial cells; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ESCs: embryonic stem cells; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GBA/β-glucocerebrosidase: glucosylceramidase beta; GSCs: glioblastoma stem cells; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HD: Huntington disease; HSCs: hematopoietic stem cells; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; IL3: interleukin 3; IR: ischemia-reperfusion; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LDs: lipid droplets; LRRK2: leucine rich repeat kinase 2; MA: macroautophagy; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; MST1: macrophage stimulating 1; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NFE2L2/NRF2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; PARK7: Parkinsonism associated deglycase; PD: Parkinson disease; PEA15/PED: proliferation and apoptosis adaptor protein 15; PKM/PKM2: pyruvate kinase M1/2; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; RARA: retinoic acid receptor alpha; RCAN1: regulator of calcineurin 1; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; RDA: RNautophagy and DNautophagy; RNAi: RNA interference; RND3: Rho Family GTPase 3; SG-NOS3/eNOS: deleterious glutathionylated NOS3; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; TAMs: tumor-associated macrophages; TME: tumor microenvironment; UCHL1: ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1; VAMP8: vesicle associated membrane protein 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiayi Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Qiu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jieqiong Peng
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huixia Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Chen K, Garcia Padilla C, Kiselyov K, Kozai TDY. Cell-specific alterations in autophagy-lysosomal activity near the chronically implanted microelectrodes. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122316. [PMID: 37738741 PMCID: PMC10897938 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrodes that can record and stimulate brain activity have become a valuable technique for basic science research and clinical applications. However, long-term implantation of these microelectrodes can lead to progressive neurodegeneration in the surrounding microenvironment, characterized by elevation in disease-associated markers. Dysregulation of autophagy-lysosomal degradation, a major intracellular waste removal process, is considered a key factor in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. It is plausible that similar dysfunctions in autophagy-lysosomal degradation contribute to tissue degeneration following implantation-induced focal brain injury, ultimately impacting recording performance. To understand how the focal, persistent brain injury caused by long-term microelectrode implantation impairs autophagy-lysosomal pathway, we employed two-photon microscopy and immunohistology. This investigation focused on the spatiotemporal characterization of autophagy-lysosomal activity near the chronically implanted microelectrode. We observed an aberrant accumulation of immature autophagy vesicles near the microelectrode over the chronic implantation period. Additionally, we found deficits in autophagy-lysosomal clearance proximal to the chronic implant, which was associated with an accumulation of autophagy cargo and a reduction in lysosomal protease level during the chronic period. Furthermore, our evidence demonstrates reactive astrocytes have myelin-containing lysosomes near the microelectrode, suggesting its role of myelin engulfment during acute implantation period. Together, this study sheds light on the process of brain tissue degeneration caused by long-term microelectrode implantation, with a specific focus on impaired intracellular waste degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Camila Garcia Padilla
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Shi Y, Zhu R. Analysis of damage-associated molecular patterns in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on ScRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1259742. [PMID: 37942135 PMCID: PMC10628000 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1259742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons. Despite extensive research, the exact etiology of ALS remains elusive. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of the immune system in ALS pathogenesis and progression. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules released by stressed or damaged cells, acting as danger signals and activating immune responses. However, their specific involvement in ALS remains unclear. Methods We obtained single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of ALS from the primary motor cortex in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. To better understand genes associated with DAMPs, we performed analyses on cell-cell communication and trajectory. The abundance of immune-infiltrating cells was assessed using the single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) method. We performed univariate Cox analysis to construct the risk model and utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. Finally, we identified potential small molecule drugs targeting ALS by screening the Connectivity Map database (CMap) and confirmed their potential through molecular docking analysis. Results Our study annotated 10 cell types, with the expression of genes related to DAMPs predominantly observed in microglia. Analysis of intercellular communication revealed 12 ligand-receptor pairs in the pathways associated with DAMPs, where microglial cells acted as ligands. Among these pairs, the SPP1-CD44 pair demonstrated the greatest contribution. Furthermore, trajectory analysis demonstrated distinct differentiation fates of different microglial states. Additionally, we constructed a risk model incorporating four genes (TRPM2, ROCK1, HSP90AA1, and HSPA4). The validity of the risk model was supported by multivariate analysis. Moreover, external validation from dataset GSE112681 confirmed the predictive power of the model, which yielded consistent results with datasets GSE112676 and GSE112680. Lastly, the molecular docking analysis suggested that five compounds, namely mead-acid, nifedipine, nifekalant, androstenol, and hydrastine, hold promise as potential candidates for the treatment of ALS. Conclusion Taken together, our study demonstrated that DAMP entities were predominantly observed in microglial cells within the context of ALS. The utilization of a prognostic risk model can accurately predict ALS patient survival. Additionally, genes related to DAMPs may present viable drug targets for ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Jones NH, Liu Q, Urnavicius L, Dahan NE, Vostal LE, Kapoor TM. Allosteric activation of VCP, a AAA unfoldase, by small molecule mimicry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560478. [PMID: 37873168 PMCID: PMC10592943 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The loss of function of AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) mechanoenzymes has been linked to diseases, and small molecules that activate these proteins can be powerful tools to probe mechanisms and test therapeutic hypotheses. Unlike chemical inhibitors that can bind a single conformational state to block enzyme activity, activator binding must be permissive to different conformational states needed for enzyme function. However, we do not know how AAA proteins can be activated by small molecules. Here, we focus on valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, a AAA unfoldase whose loss of function has been linked to protein aggregation-based disorders, to identify druggable sites for chemical activators. We identified VCP Activator 1 (VA1), a compound that dose-dependently stimulates VCP ATPase activity up to ∼3-fold. Our cryo-EM studies resulted in structures (∼2.9-3.5 Å-resolution) of VCP in apo and ADP-bound states, and revealed VA1 binding an allosteric pocket near the C-terminus in both states. Engineered mutations in the VA1 binding site confer resistance to VA1, and furthermore, modulate VCP activity to a similar level as VA1-mediated activation. The VA1 binding site can alternatively be occupied by a phenylalanine residue in the VCP C-terminal tail, a motif that is post-translationally modified and interacts with cofactors. Together, our findings uncover a druggable allosteric site and a mechanism of enzyme regulation that can be tuned through small molecule mimicry. Significance The loss of function of valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), a mechanoenzyme from the AAA superfamily that hydrolyzes ATP and uses the released energy to extract or unfold substrate proteins, is linked to protein aggregation-based disorders. However, druggable allosteric sites to activate VCP, or any AAA mechanoenzyme, have not been identified. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of VCP in two states in complex with VA1, a compound we identified that dose-dependently stimulates VCP's ATP hydrolysis activity. The VA1 binding site can also be occupied by a phenylalanine residue in the VCP C-terminal tail, suggesting that VA1 acts through mimicry of this interaction. Our study reveals a druggable allosteric site and a mechanism of enzyme regulation.
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Guerra A, Parhiz H, Rivella S. Novel potential therapeutics to modify iron metabolism and red cell synthesis in diseases associated with defective erythropoiesis. Haematologica 2023; 108:2582-2593. [PMID: 37345473 PMCID: PMC10542825 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, iron metabolism is carefully regulated to sustain normal cellular functions and the production of hemoglobin in erythroid cells. Perturbation to the erythropoiesis-iron metabolism axis can result in iron imbalances and cause anemia or organ toxicity. Various congenital and acquired diseases associated with abnormal red cell production are characterized by aberrant iron absorption. Several recent studies have shown that improvements in red blood cell production also ameliorate iron metabolism and vice versa. Many therapeutics are now under development with the potential to improve a variety of hematologic diseases, from β-thalassemia and iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia to anemia of inflammation and polycythemia vera. This review summarizes selected mechanisms related to red cell production and iron metabolism and describes potential therapeutics and their current uses. We also consider the potential application of the discussed therapeutics on various diseases, alone or in combination. The vast repertoire of drugs under development offers new opportunities to improve the clinical care of patients suffering from congenital or acquired red blood cell disorders with limited or no treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaliris Guerra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA; RNA Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA; RNA Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology affinity group (CAMB), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics-CHOP; Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, CHOP, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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Xie X, Yu T, Li X, Zhang N, Foster LJ, Peng C, Huang W, He G. Recent advances in targeting the "undruggable" proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:335. [PMID: 37669923 PMCID: PMC10480221 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Undruggable proteins are a class of proteins that are often characterized by large, complex structures or functions that are difficult to interfere with using conventional drug design strategies. Targeting such undruggable targets has been considered also a great opportunity for treatment of human diseases and has attracted substantial efforts in the field of medicine. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent development of drug discovery targeting "undruggable" proteins and their application in clinic. To make this review well organized, we discuss the design strategies targeting the undruggable proteins, including covalent regulation, allosteric inhibition, protein-protein/DNA interaction inhibition, targeted proteins regulation, nucleic acid-based approach, immunotherapy and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tingting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Alrosan AZ, Alrosan K, Heilat GB, Alsharedeh R, Abudalo R, Oqal M, Alqudah A, Elmaghrabi YA. Potential roles of NEDD4 and NEDD4L and their utility as therapeutic targets in high‑incidence adult male cancers (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 19:68. [PMID: 37614371 PMCID: PMC10442760 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The term 'cancer' refers to >100 disorders that progressively manifest over time and are characterized by uncontrolled cell division. Although malignant growth can occur in virtually any human tissue, the underlying mechanisms underlying all forms of cancer are consistent. The International Agency for Research on Cancer's annual GLOBOCAN 2020 report provided an update on the global cancer incidence and mortality. Excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, the report predicts that there will be 19.3 million new cancer cases and >10 million cancer-related fatalities in 2023. Lung, prostate, and colon cancers are the most prevalent and lethal cancers in males. It was recognized that post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are necessary for almost all cellular biological processes, as well as in cancer development and metastasis to other bodily organs. Thus, PTMs have a considerable impact on how proteins behave. Various PTMs may have harmful roles by affecting the hallmarks of cancer, metabolism and the regulation of the tumor microenvironment. PTMs and genetic changes/mutations are essential in carcinogenesis and cancer development. A pivotal PTM mechanism is protein ubiquitination. Of note, the rate-limiting stage of the protein ubiquitination cascade is hypothesized to be E3-ligase-mediated ubiquitination. Numerous studies revealed that the neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4 (NEDD4) E3 ligase is among the E3 ubiquitin ligases that have essential roles in cellular processes. It regulates protein degradation and substrate ubiquitination. In addition, it has been shown that NEDD4 primarily functions as an oncogene in various malignancies but can also act as a tumor suppressor in certain types of tumor. In the present review, the roles of NEDD4 as an anticancer protein in various high-incidence male malignancies and the significance of NEDD4 as a potential cancer therapeutic target are discussed. In addition, the targeting of NEDD4 as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human malignancies is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Z. Alrosan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Khaled Alrosan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Ghaith B. Heilat
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Rawan Alsharedeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Rawan Abudalo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Muna Oqal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
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Bordet S, Luaces JP, Herrera MI, Gonzalez LM, Kobiec T, Perez-Lloret S, Otero-Losada M, Capani F. Neuroprotection from protein misfolding in cerebral hypoperfusion concurrent with metabolic syndrome. A translational perspective. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1215041. [PMID: 37650104 PMCID: PMC10463751 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1215041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on clinical and experimental evidence, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are considered risk factors for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) and neurodegeneration. Scientific evidence suggests that protein misfolding is a potential mechanism that explains how CCH can lead to either Alzheimer's disease (AD) or vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of experimental studies regarding this issue. Using several animal paradigms and different markers of CCH, scientists have discussed the extent to which MetSor T2D causes a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF). In addition, different models of CCH have explored how long-term reductions in oxygen and energy supply can trigger AD or VCID via protein misfolding and aggregation. Research that combines two or three animal models could broaden knowledge of the links between these pathological conditions. Recent experimental studies suggest novel neuroprotective properties of protein-remodeling factors. In this review, we present a summarized updated revision of preclinical findings, discussing clinical implications and proposing new experimental approaches from a translational perspective. We are confident that research studies, both clinical and experimental, may find new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to prevent neurodegeneration associated with MetS, diabetes, and any other chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) associated with diet and lifestyle risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Bordet
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CAECIHS, UAI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Luaces
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CAECIHS, UAI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Ines Herrera
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CAECIHS, UAI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Mirta Gonzalez
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CAECIHS, UAI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Kobiec
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CAECIHS, UAI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Perez-Lloret
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Observatorio de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matilde Otero-Losada
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CAECIHS, UAI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CAECIHS, UAI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ferrero E, Di Gregorio E, Ferrero M, Ortolan E, Moon YA, Di Campli A, Pavinato L, Mancini C, Tripathy D, Manes M, Hoxha E, Costanzi C, Pozzi E, Rossi Sebastiano M, Mitro N, Tempia F, Caruso D, Borroni B, Basso M, Sallese M, Brusco A. Spinocerebellar ataxia 38: structure-function analysis shows ELOVL5 G230V is proteotoxic, conformationally altered and a mutational hotspot. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1055-1076. [PMID: 37199746 PMCID: PMC10449689 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid elongase ELOVL5 is part of a protein family of multipass transmembrane proteins that reside in the endoplasmic reticulum where they regulate long-chain fatty acid elongation. A missense variant (c.689G>T p.Gly230Val) in ELOVL5 causes Spinocerebellar Ataxia subtype 38 (SCA38), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, cerebellar Purkinje cell demise and adult-onset ataxia. Having previously showed aberrant accumulation of p.G230V in the Golgi complex, here we further investigated the pathogenic mechanisms triggered by p.G230V, integrating functional studies with bioinformatic analyses of protein sequence and structure. Biochemical analysis showed that p.G230V enzymatic activity was normal. In contrast, SCA38-derived fibroblasts showed reduced expression of ELOVL5, Golgi complex enlargement and increased proteasomal degradation with respect to controls. By heterologous overexpression, p.G230V was significantly more active than wild-type ELOVL5 in triggering the unfolded protein response and in decreasing viability in mouse cortical neurons. By homology modelling, we generated native and p.G230V protein structures whose superposition revealed a shift in Loop 6 in p.G230V that altered a highly conserved intramolecular disulphide bond. The conformation of this bond, connecting Loop 2 and Loop 6, appears to be elongase-specific. Alteration of this intramolecular interaction was also observed when comparing wild-type ELOVL4 and the p.W246G variant which causes SCA34. We demonstrate by sequence and structure analyses that ELOVL5 p.G230V and ELOVL4 p.W246G are position-equivalent missense variants. We conclude that SCA38 is a conformational disease and propose combined loss of function by mislocalization and gain of toxic function by ER/Golgi stress as early events in SCA38 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Ferrero
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Gregorio
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Città della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrero
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Ortolan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Antonella Di Campli
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Italian National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lisa Pavinato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Debasmita Tripathy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marta Manes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eriola Hoxha
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano and Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Pozzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Rossi Sebastiano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano and Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Manuela Basso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Città della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy.
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Singh A, Arora S, Chavan M, Shahbaz S, Jabeen H. An Overview of the Neurotrophic and Neuroprotective Properties of the Psychoactive Drug Lithium as an Autophagy Modulator in Neurodegenerative Conditions. Cureus 2023; 15:e44051. [PMID: 37746513 PMCID: PMC10517711 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For both short-term and long-term treatment of bipolar disorder, lithium is a prototypical mood stabilizer. Lithium's neuroprotective properties were revealed by cumulative translational research, which opened the door to reforming the chemical as a treatment for neurodegenerative illnesses. The control of homeostatic systems such as oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and inflammation underlies lithium's neuroprotective characteristics. The fact that lithium inhibits the enzymes inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 may be the cause of the various intracellular reactions. In this article, we review lithium's neurobiological properties, as demonstrated by its neurotrophic and neuroprotective capabilities, as well as translational studies in cells in culture and in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Prion disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ischemic stroke, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), discussing the justification for the drug's use in the treatment of these neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Singh
- Internal Medicine, Sri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, IND
| | - Sanjiya Arora
- Health Department, Sub District Hospital (SDH) cum Civil Hospital, Fatehabad, Fatehabad, IND
| | - Manisha Chavan
- Internal Medicine, Kakatiya Medical College, Rangam Peta, Warangal, IND
| | - Samen Shahbaz
- Internal Medicine, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, PAK
| | - Hafsa Jabeen
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Nanakwara, PAK
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Lee J, Sung KW, Bae EJ, Yoon D, Kim D, Lee JS, Park DH, Park DY, Mun SR, Kwon SC, Kim HY, Min JO, Lee SJ, Suh YH, Kwon YT. Targeted degradation of ⍺-synuclein aggregates in Parkinson's disease using the AUTOTAC technology. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:41. [PMID: 37355598 PMCID: PMC10290391 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently no disease-modifying therapeutics for Parkinson's disease (PD). Although extensive efforts were undertaken to develop therapeutic approaches to delay the symptoms of PD, untreated α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates cause cellular toxicity and stimulate further disease progression. PROTAC (Proteolysis-Targeting Chimera) has drawn attention as a therapeutic modality to target α-syn. However, no PROTACs have yet shown to selectively degrade α-syn aggregates mainly owing to the limited capacity of the proteasome to degrade aggregates, necessitating the development of novel approaches to fundamentally eliminate α-syn aggregates. METHODS We employed AUTOTAC (Autophagy-Targeting Chimera), a macroautophagy-based targeted protein degradation (TPD) platform developed in our earlier studies. A series of AUTOTAC chemicals was synthesized as chimeras that bind both α-syn aggregates and p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1, an autophagic receptor. The efficacy of Autotacs was evaluated to target α-syn aggregates to phagophores and subsequently lysosomes for hydrolysis via p62-dependent macroautophagy. The target engagement was monitored by oligomerization and localization of p62 and autophagic markers. The therapeutic efficacy to rescue PD symptoms was characterized in cultured cells and mice. The PK/PD (pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics) profiles were investigated to develop an oral drug for PD. RESULTS ATC161 induced selective degradation of α-syn aggregates at DC50 of ~ 100 nM. No apparent degradation was observed with monomeric α-syn. ATC161 mediated the targeting of α-syn aggregates to p62 by binding the ZZ domain and accelerating p62 self-polymerization. These p62-cargo complexes were delivered to autophagic membranes for lysosomal degradation. In PD cellular models, ATC161 exhibited therapeutic efficacy to reduce cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn and to rescue cells from the damages in DNA and mitochondria. In PD mice established by injecting α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into brain striata via stereotaxic surgery, oral administration of ATC161 at 10 mg/kg induced the degradation of α-syn aggregates and reduced their propagation. ATC161 also mitigated the associated glial inflammatory response and improved muscle strength and locomotive activity. CONCLUSION AUTOTAC provides a platform to develop drugs for PD. ATC161, an oral drug with excellent PK/PD profiles, induces selective degradation of α-syn aggregates in vitro and in vivo. We suggest that ATC161 is a disease-modifying drug that degrades the pathogenic cause of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Lee
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkyunggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woon Sung
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkyunggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Bae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Yoon
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkyunggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasarang Kim
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkyunggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Saem Lee
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkyunggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Youngjae Park
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ran Mun
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Chul Kwon
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Kim
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ok Min
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuramedy Co. Ltd, Seoul, 04796, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Changkyunggung-Ro 254, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03077, Republic of Korea.
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao J, He Y, Duan Y, Ma Y, Dong H, Zhang X, Fang R, Zhang Y, Yu M, Huang F. HDAC6 Deficiency Has Moderate Effects on Behaviors and Parkinson's Disease Pathology in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9975. [PMID: 37373121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is involved in the regulation of protein aggregation and neuroinflammation, but its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. In this study, Hdac6-/- mice were generated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology for exploring the effect of HDAC6 on the pathological progression of PD. We found that male Hdac6-/- mice exhibit hyperactivity and certain anxiety. In the acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice, though motor injury was slightly alleviated by HDAC6 deficiency, dopamine (DA) depletion in the striatum, the decrease in the number of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and the reduction in DA neuronal terminals were not affected. In addition, activation of glial cells and the expression of α-synuclein, as well as the levels of apoptosis-related proteins in the nigrostriatal pathway, were not changed in MPTP-injected wild-type and Hdac6-/- mice. Therefore, HDAC6 deficiency leads to moderate alterations of behaviors and Parkinson's disease pathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongtao He
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufei Duan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Bianchi C, Alvarez-Castelao B, Sebastián-Serrano Á, Di Lauro C, Soria-Tobar L, Nicke A, Engel T, Díaz-Hernández M. P2X7 receptor inhibition ameliorates ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:105. [PMID: 37287063 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over recent years, increasing evidence suggests a causal relationship between neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation, the main histopathological hallmark of tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction detected in these patients. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying UPS failure and the factors involved remain poorly understood. Given that AD and tauopathies are associated with chronic neuroinflammation, here, we explore if ATP, one of the danger-associated molecules patterns (DAMPs) associated with neuroinflammation, impacts on AD-associated UPS dysfunction. METHODS To evaluate if ATP may modulate the UPS via its selective P2X7 receptor, we combined in vitro and in vivo approaches using both pharmacological and genetic tools. We analyze postmortem samples from human AD patients and P301S mice, a mouse model that mimics pathology observed in AD patients, and those from the new transgenic mouse lines generated, such as P301S mice expressing the UPS reporter UbG76V-YFP or P301S deficient of P2X7R. RESULTS We describe for the first time that extracellular ATP-induced activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) downregulates the transcription of β5 and β1 proteasomal catalytic subunits via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3/Nfr2 pathway, leading to their deficient assembly into the 20S core proteasomal complex, resulting in a reduced proteasomal chymotrypsin-like and postglutamyl-like activities. Using UPS-reported mice (UbGFP mice), we identified neurons and microglial cells as the most sensitive cell linages to a P2X7R-mediated UPS regulation. In vivo pharmacological or genetic P2X7R blockade reverted the proteasomal impairment developed by P301S mice, which mimics that were detected in AD patients. Finally, the generation of P301S;UbGFP mice allowed us to identify those hippocampal cells more sensitive to UPS impairment and demonstrate that the pharmacological or genetic blockade of P2X7R promotes their survival. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates the sustained and aberrant activation of P2X7R caused by Tau-induced neuroinflammation contributes to the UPS dysfunction and subsequent neuronal death associated with AD, especially in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bianchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Alvarez-Castelao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sebastián-Serrano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina Di Lauro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Soria-Tobar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Miguel Díaz-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.
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Kwon SC, Lee J, Kwon YT, Heo AJ. Monitoring the interactions between N-degrons and N-recognins of the Arg/N-degron pathway. Methods Enzymol 2023; 686:165-203. [PMID: 37532399 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
As defined by the N-degron pathway, single N-terminal (Nt) amino acids can function as N-degrons that induce the degradation of proteins and other biological materials. Central to this pathway is the selective recognition of N-degrons by cognate N-recognins that direct the substrates to either the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) or autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP). Eukaryotic cells have developed diverse pathways to utilize all 20 amino acids in the genetic code as pro-N-degrons or N-degrons which can be generated through endoproteolytic cleavage or post-translational modifications. Amongst these, the arginine (Arg) N-degron plays a key role in both cis- and trans-degradation of a large spectrum of cellular materials by the proteasome or lysosome. In mammals, Arg/N-degrons can be generated through endoproteolytic cleavage or post-translational conjugation of the amino acid L-Arg by ATE1-encoded R-transferases (EC 2.3.2.8), which requires Arg-tRNAArg as a cofactor. Arg/N-degrons of short-lived substrates are recognized by a family of N-recognins characterized by the UBR box for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Under stresses, however, the same degrons can be recognized for autophagic degradation by the ZZ domain of the N-recognin p62/SQSTSM-1/Sequestosome-1 or KCMF1. Biochemical tools were developed to monitor the interaction of Arg/N-degrons with its cognate N-recognins. These assays were employed to identify new N-recognins and to characterize their biochemical properties and physiological functions. The principles of these assays may be applied for other types of N-degron pathways. Below, we describe the methods that analyze the interaction of Arg/N-degrons and their chemical mimics to N-recognins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Chul Kwon
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Seoul, South Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ah Jung Heo
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Tyler SE, Tyler LD. Pathways to healing: Plants with therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:210-234. [PMID: 36880056 PMCID: PMC9984566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the greatest challenges in medicine are the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), which remain without a cure and mostly progress to death. A companion study employed a toolkit methodology to document 2001 plant species with ethnomedicinal uses for alleviating pathologies relevant to NDs, focusing on its relevance to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to find plants with therapeutic bioactivities for a range of NDs. 1339 of the 2001 plant species were found to have a bioactivity from the literature of therapeutic relevance to NDs such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, AD, motor neurone diseases, multiple sclerosis, prion diseases, Neimann-Pick disease, glaucoma, Friedreich's ataxia and Batten disease. 43 types of bioactivities were found, such as reducing protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and cell death, and promoting neurogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, longevity, and anti-microbial activity. Ethno-led plant selection was more effective than random selection of plant species. Our findings indicate that ethnomedicinal plants provide a large resource of ND therapeutic potential. The extensive range of bioactivities validate the usefulness of the toolkit methodology in the mining of this data. We found that a number of the documented plants are able to modulate molecular mechanisms underlying various key ND pathologies, revealing a promising and even profound capacity to halt and reverse the processes of neurodegeneration.
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Key Words
- A-H, Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- ALS, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- C. elegans,, Caenorhabditis elegans
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- CMT, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
- CS, Cockayne syndrome
- Ech A, Echinochrome A
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FRDA, Friedreich’s ataxia
- FTD, Frontotemporal dementia
- HD, Huntington’s disease
- Hsp, Heat shock protein
- LSD, Lysosomal storage diseases
- MS, Multiple sclerosis
- MSA, Multiple system atrophy
- MSP, Multisystem proteinopathy
- Medicinal plant
- ND, neurodegenerative disease
- NPC, Neimann-Pick disease type C
- NSC, neural stem cells
- Neuro-inflammation
- Neurodegeneration
- Neurogenesis
- PC, pharmacological chaperone
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- Protein misfolding
- SMA, Spinal muscular atrophy
- VD, Vascular dementia
- prion dis, prion diseases
- α-syn, alpha-synuclein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena E.B. Tyler
- John Ray Research Field Station, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
| | - Luke D.K. Tyler
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
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