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Lou H, Wang F, Zhang J, Wei G, Wei J, Hu H, Li Y, Wang K, Wang Z, Huang Y, Wu J, Pei D, Huang J, Zhang Q. JrGA20ox1-transformed rootstocks deliver drought response signals to wild-type scions in grafted walnut. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae143. [PMID: 38988618 PMCID: PMC11233861 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Targeted regulation using transgrafting technology has become a trend. However, the mechanisms of transgene-derived signal communication between rootstocks and scions remain unclear in woody plants. Here, we grafted wild-type (WT) walnut (Juglans regia L.) on WT (WT/WT), JrGA20ox1 (encodes a gibberellin 20-oxidase)-overexpressing (WT/OE), and JrGA20ox1-RNAi transformation (WT/RNAi) walnut in vitro. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of JrGA20ox1-derived signal communication under PEG-simulated drought stress between rootstocks and scions in walnut. We demonstrated that JrGA20ox1-OE and JrGA20ox1-RNAi rootstocks could transport active gibberellins (GAs) and JrGA20ox1-RNAi vector-produced sRNAs to WT scions under PEG-simulated drought stress, respectively. The movement of sRNAs further led to a successive decline in JrGA20ox1 expression and active GA content. Meanwhile, unknown mobile signals may move between rootstocks and scions. These mobile signals reduced the expression of a series of GA-responsive and GA-non-responsive genes, and induced ROS production in guard cells and an increase in ABA content, which may contribute to the drought tolerance of WT/RNAi, while the opposite occurred in WT/OE. The findings suggest that JrGA20ox1-derived rootstock-to-scion movement of signals is involved in drought tolerance of scions. Our research will provide a feasible approach for studying signal communication in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Fengmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Guangli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Hengkang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ketao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Youjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Dong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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Guo S, Zhang M, Feng M, Liu G, Torregrosa L, Tao X, Ren R, Fang Y, Zhang Z, Meng J, Xu T. miR156b-targeted VvSBP8/13 functions downstream of the abscisic acid signal to regulate anthocyanins biosynthesis in grapevine fruit under drought. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad293. [PMID: 38371638 PMCID: PMC10873574 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are the primary color components of grapevine berries and wines. In cultivation practices, a moderate water deficit can promote anthocyanin accumulation in red grape skins. Our previous study showed that abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in this process. Herein, we identified a microRNA, vv-miR156b, that is generated in grapevine berries in response to drought stress, along with increasing anthocyanin content and biosynthetic structural gene transcripts. In contrast, vv-miR156b short tandem target mimic (STTM) function-loss callus exhibits the opposite phenotype. Results from in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that the ABA-signaling-regulated transcription factor VvAREB2 binds directly to the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) of the MIR156b promoter and activates miR156b expression. Furthermore, two miR156b downstream targets, VvSBP8 and VvSBP13, exhibited reduced grape anthocyanin content in their overexpressors but there was a contrary result in their CRISPR-edited lines, the decrease in anthocyanin content was rescued in miR156b and SBP8/13 double overexpressors. We further demonstrated that both VvSBP8 and VvSBP13, encoding transcriptional repressors, displayed sufficient ability to interact with VvMYC1 and VvMYBA1, thereby interfering with MYB-bHLH-WD (MBW) repeat transcriptional complex formation, resulting in the repression of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our findings demonstrate a direct functional relationship between ABA signaling and the miR156-SBP-MBW complex regulatory module in driving drought-induced anthocyanin accumulation in grape berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuihuan Guo
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingxin Feng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guipeng Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Laurent Torregrosa
- UMR LEPSE, Université de Montpellier , CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Xiaoqing Tao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruihua Ren
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiangfei Meng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Lebedev V. Impact of Intron and Retransformation on Transgene Expression in Leaf and Fruit Tissues of Field-Grown Pear Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12883. [PMID: 37629068 PMCID: PMC10454629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable and high expression of introduced genes is a prerequisite for using transgenic trees. Transgene stacking enables combining several valuable traits, but repeated transformation increases the risk of unintended effects. This work studied the stability and intron-mediated enhancement of uidA gene expression in leaves and different anatomical parts of pear fruits during field trials over 14 years. The stability of reporter and herbicide resistance transgenes in retransformed pear plants, as well as possible unintended effects using high-throughput phenotyping tools, were also investigated. The activity of β-glucuronidase (GUS) varied depending on the year, but silencing did not occur. The uidA gene was expressed to a maximum in seeds, slightly less in the peel and peduncles, and much less in the pulp of pear fruits. The intron in the uidA gene stably increased expression in leaves and fruits by approximately twofold. Retransformants with the bar gene showed long-term herbicide resistance and exhibited no consistent changes in leaf size and shape. The transgenic pear was used as rootstock and scion, but grafted plants showed no transport of the GUS protein through the graft in the greenhouse and field. This longest field trial of transgenic fruit trees demonstrates stable expression under varying environmental conditions, the expression-enhancing effect of intron and the absence of unintended effects in single- and double-transformed woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Lebedev
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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4
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Han Q, Song H, Yang C, Zhang S, Korpelainen H, Li C. Integrated DNA methylation, transcriptome and physiological analyses reveal new insights into superiority of poplars formed by interspecific grafting. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1481-1500. [PMID: 35134240 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant grafting has a long history and it is extensively employed to improve plant performance. In our previous research, reciprocal grafts of Populus cathayana Rehder (C) and Populus deltoides Bart. Ex Marsh (D) were generated. The results showed that interspecific grafting combinations (scion/rootstock: C/D and D/C) grew better than intraspecific grafting combinations (C/C and D/D). To further understand differences in molecular mechanisms between interspecific and intraspecific grafting, we performed an integrated analysis, including bisulfite sequencing, RNA sequencing and measurements of physiological indicators, to investigate leaves of different grafting combinations. We found that the difference at the genome-wide methylation level was greater in D/C vs D/D than in C/D vs C/C, but no difference was detected at the transcription level in D/C vs D/D. Furthermore, the grafting superiority of D/C vs D/D was not as strong as that of C/D vs C/C. These results may be associated with the different methylation forms, mCHH (71.76%) and mCG (57.16%), that accounted for the highest percentages in C/D vs C/C and D/C vs D/D, respectively. In addition, the interspecific grafting superiority was found mainly related to the process of photosynthesis, phytohormone signal transduction, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, cell wall and transcriptional regulation based on both physiological and molecular results. Overall, the results indicated that the physiological and molecular phenotypes of grafted plants are affected by the interaction between scion and rootstock. Thus, our study provides a theoretical basis for developing suitable scion-rootstock combinations for grafted plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Han
- Institute of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Congcong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Hui Z, Xu J, Jian Y, Bian C, Duan S, Hu J, Li G, Jin L. Identification of Long-Distance Transport Signal Molecules Associated with Plant Maturity in Tetraploid Cultivated Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131707. [PMID: 35807658 PMCID: PMC9268856 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maturity is a key trait for breeders to identify potato cultivars suitable to grow in different latitudes. However, the molecular mechanism regulating maturity remains unclear. In this study, we performed a grafting experiment using the early-maturing cultivar Zhongshu 5 (Z5) and the late-maturing cultivar Zhongshu 18 (Z18) and found that abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) positively regulate the early maturity of potato, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) negatively regulated early maturity. A total of 43 long-distance transport mRNAs are observed to be involved in early maturity, and 292 long-distance transport mRNAs involved in late maturity were identified using RNA sequencing. Specifically, StMADS18, StSWEET10C, and StSWEET11 are detected to be candidate genes for their association with potato early maturity. Metabolomic data analysis shows a significant increase in phenolic acid and flavonoid contents increased in the scion of the early-maturing cultivar Z5, but a significant decrease in amino acid, phenolic acid, and alkaloid contents increased in the scion of the late-maturing cultivar Z18. This work reveals a significant association between the maturity of tetraploid cultivated potato and long-distance transport signal molecules and provides useful data for assessing the molecular mechanisms underlying the maturity of potato plants and for breeding early-maturing potato cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guangcun Li
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (L.J.); Tel.: +86-010-82105955 (G.L.); +86-010-82109543 (L.J.)
| | - Liping Jin
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (L.J.); Tel.: +86-010-82105955 (G.L.); +86-010-82109543 (L.J.)
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Muthuramalingam P, Shin H, Adarshan S, Jeyasri R, Priya A, Chen JT, Ramesh M. Molecular Insights into Freezing Stress in Peach Based on Multi-Omics and Biotechnology: An Overview. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060812. [PMID: 35336695 PMCID: PMC8954506 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In nature or field conditions, plants are frequently exposed to diverse environmental stressors. Among abiotic stresses, the low temperature of freezing conditions is a critical factor that influences plants, including horticultural crops, decreasing their growth, development, and eventually quality and productivity. Fortunately, plants have developed a mechanism to improve the tolerance to freezing during exposure to a range of low temperatures. In this present review, current findings on freezing stress physiology and genetics in peach (Prunus persica) were refined with an emphasis on adaptive mechanisms for cold acclimation, deacclimation, and reacclimation. In addition, advancements using multi-omics and genetic engineering approaches unravel the molecular physiological mechanisms, including hormonal regulations and their general perceptions of freezing tolerance in peach were comprehensively described. This review might pave the way for future research to the horticulturalists and research scientists to overcome the challenges of freezing temperature and improvement of crop management in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea;
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.A.); (R.J.); (A.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sivakumar Adarshan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.A.); (R.J.); (A.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Rajendran Jeyasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.A.); (R.J.); (A.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Arumugam Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.A.); (R.J.); (A.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.A.); (R.J.); (A.P.); (M.R.)
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Habibi F, Liu T, Folta K, Sarkhosh A. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grafting in fruit trees. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac032. [PMID: 35184166 PMCID: PMC8976691 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is a widely used practice for asexual propagation of fruit trees. Many physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes occur upon grafting that can influence important horticultural traits. This technology has many advantages, including avoidance of juvenility, modifying the scion architecture, improving productivity, adapting scion cultivars to unfavourable environmental conditions, and developing traits in resistance to insect pests, bacterial and fungal diseases. A limitation of grafting is scion-rootstock incompatibility. It may be caused by many factors, including insufficient genetic proximity, physiological or biochemical factors, lignification at the graft union, poor graft architecture, insufficient cell recognition between union tissues, and metabolic differences in the scion and the rootstock. Plant hormones, like auxin, ethylene (ET), cytokinin (CK), gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) orchestrate several crucial physiological and biochemical processes happening at the site of the graft union. Additionally, epigenetic changes at the union affect chromatin architecture by DNA methylation, histone modification, and the action of small RNA molecules. The mechanism triggering these effects likely is affected by hormonal crosstalk, protein and small molecules movement, nutrients uptake, and transport in the grafted trees. This review provides an overview of the basis of physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of fruit tree grafting between scion and rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Tie Liu
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Kevin Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Ali Sarkhosh
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
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Liu G, Bhat MP, Kim CS, Kim J, Lee KH. Improved 3D-Printability of Cellulose Acetate to Mimic Water Absorption in Plant Roots through Nanoporous Networks. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoshuang Liu
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh P. Bhat
- Agricultural Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Agricultural Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Hezema YS, Shukla MR, Goel A, Ayyanath MM, Sherif SM, Saxena PK. Rootstocks Overexpressing StNPR1 and StDREB1 Improve Osmotic Stress Tolerance of Wild-Type Scion in Transgrafted Tobacco Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8398. [PMID: 34445105 PMCID: PMC8395105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In grafted plants, the movement of long-distance signals from rootstocks can modulate the development and function of the scion. To understand the mechanisms by which tolerant rootstocks improve scion responses to osmotic stress (OS) conditions, mRNA transport of osmotic responsive genes (ORGs) was evaluated in a tomato/potato heterograft system. In this system, Solanum tuberosum was used as a rootstock and Solanum lycopersicum as a scion. We detected changes in the gene expression levels of 13 out of the 21 ORGs tested in the osmotically stressed plants; of these, only NPR1 transcripts were transported across the graft union under both normal and OS conditions. Importantly, OS increased the abundance of StNPR1 transcripts in the tomato scion. To examine mRNA mobility in transgrafted plants, StNPR1 and StDREB1 genes representing the mobile and non-mobile transcripts, respectively, were overexpressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The evaluation of transgenic tobacco plants indicated that overexpression of these genes enhanced the growth and improved the physiological status of transgenic plants growing under OS conditions induced by NaCl, mannitol and polyethylene glycol (PEG). We also found that transgenic tobacco rootstocks increased the OS tolerance of the WT-scion. Indeed, WT scions on transgenic rootstocks had higher ORGs transcript levels than their counterparts on non-transgenic rootstocks. However, neither StNPR1 nor StDREB1 transcripts were transported from the transgenic rootstock to the wild-type (WT) tobacco scion, suggesting that other long-distance signals downstream these transgenes could have moved across the graft union leading to OS tolerance. Overall, our results signify the importance of StNPR1 and StDREB1 as two anticipated candidates for the development of stress-resilient crops through transgrafting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine S. Hezema
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
- Department of Horticulture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22713, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Mukund R. Shukla
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Alok Goel
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Murali M. Ayyanath
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Sherif M. Sherif
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA
| | - Praveen K. Saxena
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
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10
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Kapazoglou A, Tani E, Avramidou EV, Abraham EM, Gerakari M, Megariti S, Doupis G, Doulis AG. Epigenetic Changes and Transcriptional Reprogramming Upon Woody Plant Grafting for Crop Sustainability in a Changing Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:613004. [PMID: 33510757 PMCID: PMC7835530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.613004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant grafting is an ancient agricultural practice widely employed in crops such as woody fruit trees, grapes, and vegetables, in order to improve plant performance. Successful grafting requires the interaction of compatible scion and rootstock genotypes. This involves an intricate network of molecular mechanisms operating at the graft junction and associated with the development and the physiology of the scion, ultimately leading to improved agricultural characteristics such as fruit quality and increased tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic factors. Bidirectional transfer of molecular signals such as hormones, nutrients, proteins, and nucleic acids from the rootstock to the scion and vice versa have been well documented. In recent years, studies on rootstock-scion interactions have proposed the existence of an epigenetic component in grafting reactions. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and the action of small RNA molecules are known to modulate chromatin architecture, leading to gene expression changes and impacting cellular function. Mobile small RNAs (siRNAs) migrating across the graft union from the rootstock to the scion and vice versa mediate modifications in the DNA methylation pattern of the recipient partner, leading to altered chromatin structure and transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, graft-induced DNA methylation changes and gene expression shifts in the scion have been associated with variations in graft performance. If these changes are heritable they can lead to stably altered phenotypes and affect important agricultural traits, making grafting an alternative to breeding for the production of superior plants with improved traits. However, most reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying this process comprise studies related to vegetable grafting. In this review we will provide a comprehensive presentation of the current knowledge on the epigenetic changes and transcriptional reprogramming associated with the rootstock-scion interaction focusing on woody plant species, including the recent findings arising from the employment of advanced-omics technologies as well as transgrafting methodologies and their potential exploitation for generating superior quality grafts in woody species. Furthermore, will discuss graft-induced heritable epigenetic changes leading to novel plant phenotypes and their implication to woody crop improvement for yield, quality, and stress resilience, within the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Kapazoglou
- Department of Vitis, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture (IOSV), Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tani
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia V. Avramidou
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Athens, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni M. Abraham
- Laboratory of Range Science, Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Gerakari
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatia Megariti
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Doupis
- Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, Institute of Olive Tree, Sub-Tropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter (HAO-Demeter) (fr. NAGREF), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andreas G. Doulis
- Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, Institute of Olive Tree, Sub-Tropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter (HAO-Demeter) (fr. NAGREF), Heraklion, Greece
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11
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Nenko N, Kiseleva G, Ulyanovskaya E, Karavaeva A, Shalyakho T. Adaptive resistance of apple trees in the unstable climate of southern Russia. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213401007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of these studies is to assess the adaptive resistance of the apple tree to winter stresses in terms of physiological and biochemical parameters, to identify the most resistant varieties for cultivation in the Krasnodar region. Objects of research are apple varieties of various origins: Orfey, Idared, Ligol, Prikubanskoe. It was found that the cryoprotective function of water-soluble sugars was maximally manifested in the varieties Orfey and Ligol, their content increased by 2.56 and 2.7 times, respectively. Soluble proteins made the greatest contribution to the formation of a protective response in Orfey and Prikubanskoye varieties in January, their content increased 1.8 and 1.9 times, respectively, compared to December. The protective function of anthocyanins was maximally manifested in December in the Orfey variety, in the bark of which their content increased by 5.6 times. Physiological and biochemical adaptation of apple varieties to low negative temperatures of the winter period is achieved by increasing the content of water-soluble sugars, proteins in anthocyanins in the bark and buds. According to the obtained data, the apple varieties Orfey and Prikubanskoye showed themselves to be more adaptive in comparison with other studied varieties and are recommended for cultivation in the Krasnodar region.
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12
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Sidorova T, Miroshnichenko D, Kirov I, Pushin A, Dolgov S. Effect of Grafting on Viral Resistance of Non-transgenic Plum Scion Combined With Transgenic PPV-Resistant Rootstock. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:621954. [PMID: 33597963 PMCID: PMC7882617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.621954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In stone fruit trees, resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) can be achieved through the specific degradation of viral RNA by the mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi). Transgenic virus-resistant plants, however, raise serious biosafety concerns due to the insertion and expression of hairpin constructs that usually contain various selective foreign genes. Since a mature stone tree represents a combination of scion and rootstock, grafting commercial varieties onto transgenic virus-tolerant rootstocks is a possible approach to mitigate biosafety problems. The present study was aimed at answering the following question: To what extent are molecular RNAi silencing signals transmitted across graft junctions in transgrafted plum trees and how much does it affect PPV resistance in genetically modified (GM)/non-transgenic (NT) counterparts? Two combinations, NT:GM and GM:NT (scion:rootstock), were studied, with an emphasis on the first transgrafting scenario. Viral inoculation was carried out on either the scion or the rootstock. The interspecific rootstock "Elita" [(Prunus pumila L. × P. salicina Lindl.) × (P. cerasifera Ehrh.)] was combined with cv. "Startovaya" (Prunus domestica L.) as a scion. Transgenic plum lines of both cultivars were transformed with a PPV-coat protein (CP)-derived intron-separate hairpin-RNA construct and displayed substantial viral resistance. High-throughput sequence data of small RNA (sRNA) pools indicated that the accumulation of construct-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) in transgenic plum rootstock reached over 2%. The elevated siRNA level enabled the resistance to PPV and blocked the movement of the virus through the GM tissues into the NT partner when the transgenic tissues were inoculated. At the same time, the mobile siRNA signal was not moved from the GM rootstock to the target NT tissue to a level sufficient to trigger silencing of PPV transcripts and provide reliable viral resistance. The lack of mobility of transgene-derived siRNA molecules was accompanied by the transfer of various endogenous rootstock-specific sRNAs into the NT scion, indicating the exceptional transitivity failure of the studied RNAi signal. The results presented here indicate that transgrafting in woody fruit trees remains an unpredictable practice and needs further in-depth examination to deliver molecular silencing signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sidorova
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Russia
- *Correspondence: Tatiana Sidorova,
| | - Dmitry Miroshnichenko
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Kirov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Pushin
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Dolgov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Horticulture Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Ambroise V, Legay S, Guerriero G, Hausman JF, Cuypers A, Sergeant K. The Roots of Plant Frost Hardiness and Tolerance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:3-20. [PMID: 31626277 PMCID: PMC6977023 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Frost stress severely affects agriculture and agroforestry worldwide. Although many studies about frost hardening and resistance have been published, most of them focused on the aboveground organs and only a minority specifically targets the roots. However, roots and aboveground tissues have different physiologies and stress response mechanisms. Climate models predict an increase in the magnitude and frequency of late-frost events, which, together with an observed loss of soil insulation, will greatly decrease plant primary production due to damage at the root level. Molecular and metabolic responses inducing root cold hardiness are complex. They involve a variety of processes related to modifications in cell wall composition, maintenance of the cellular homeostasis and the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. After a summary of the current climatic models, this review details the specificity of freezing stress at the root level and explores the strategies roots developed to cope with freezing stress. We then describe the level to which roots can be frost hardy, depending on their age, size category and species. After that, we compare the environmental signals inducing cold acclimation and frost hardening in the roots and aboveground organs. Subsequently, we discuss how roots sense cold at a cellular level and briefly describe the following signal transduction pathway, which leads to molecular and metabolic responses associated with frost hardening. Finally, the current options available to increase root frost tolerance are explored and promising lines of future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ambroise
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
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14
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Ren M, Wang Z, Xue M, Wang X, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wang M. Constitutive expression of an A-5 subgroup member in the DREB transcription factor subfamily from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus enhanced abiotic stress tolerance and anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224296. [PMID: 31644601 PMCID: PMC6808444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of stress-inducible gene expression in plants. Anthocyanins, an important class of flavonoids, protect plants from reactive oxygen species produced under abiotic stresses. However, regulation of DREBs on anthocyanin accumulation is largely unknown. Here, an A-5 subgroup DREB gene (AmDREB3) isolated from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, a desert broadleaf shrub with very high tolerance to harsh environments, was characterized in terms of both abiotic stress tolerance and anthocyanin accumulation. AmDREB3 does not contain the transcriptional repression motif EAR, and the protein was located in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation capacity. The transcription of AmDREB3 was differentially induced in the shoots and roots of A. mongolicus seedlings under drought, salt, heat, cold, ultraviolet B, and abscisic acid treatments. Moreover, the transcript levels in twigs, young leaves, and roots were higher than in other organs of A. mongolicus shrubs. Constitutively expressing AmDREB3 improved the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis to drought, high salinity and heat, likely by inducing the expression of certain stress-inducible genes. The transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings also exhibited an obvious purple coloration and significant increases in anthocyanin accumulation and/or oxidative stress tolerance under drought, salt, and heat stresses. These results suggest that the AmDREB3 TF may be an important positive regulator of both stress tolerance and anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Maoyan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Miotto YE, Tessele C, Czermainski ABC, Porto DD, Falavigna VDS, Sartor T, Cattani AM, Delatorre CA, de Alencar SA, da Silva-Junior OB, Togawa RC, Costa MMDC, Pappas GJ, Grynberg P, de Oliveira PRD, Kvitschal MV, Denardi F, Buffon V, Revers LF. Spring Is Coming: Genetic Analyses of the Bud Break Date Locus Reveal Candidate Genes From the Cold Perception Pathway to Dormancy Release in Apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:33. [PMID: 30930909 PMCID: PMC6423911 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chilling requirement (CR) for bud dormancy completion determines the time of bud break in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). The molecular control of bud dormancy is highly heritable, suggesting a strong genetic control of the trait. An available Infinium II SNP platform for genotyping containing 8,788 single nucleotide polymorphic markers was employed, and linkage maps were constructed in a F1 cross from the low CR M13/91 and the moderate CR cv. Fred Hough. These maps were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for bud break date as a trait related to dormancy release. A major QTL for bud break was detected at the beginning of linkage group 9 (LG9). This QTL remained stable during seven seasons in two different growing sites. To increase mapping efficiency in detecting contributing genes underlying this QTL, 182 additional SNP markers located at the locus for bud break were used. Combining linkage mapping and structural characterization of the region, the high proportion of the phenotypic variance in the trait explained by the QTL is related to the coincident positioning of Arabidopsis orthologs for ICE1, FLC, and PRE1 protein-coding genes. The proximity of these genes from the most explanatory markers of this QTL for bud break suggests potential genetic additive effects, reinforcing the hypothesis of inter-dependent mechanisms controlling dormancy induction and release in apple trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanna Evelyn Miotto
- Department of Crop Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Tessele
- Department of Crop Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vítor da Silveira Falavigna
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Sartor
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Malvessi Cattani
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Andrea Delatorre
- Department of Crop Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Amorim de Alencar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina – Epagri – Estação Experimental de Caçador, Caçador, Brazil
| | - Frederico Denardi
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina – Epagri – Estação Experimental de Caçador, Caçador, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Fernando Revers
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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16
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Song GQ, Prieto H, Orbovic V. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Tree Fruit Crops: Methods, Progress, and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:226. [PMID: 30881368 PMCID: PMC6405644 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been a desirable tool to manipulate single or multiple genes of existing genotypes of woody fruit crops, for which conventional breeding is a difficult and lengthy process due to heterozygosity, sexual incompatibility, juvenility, or a lack of natural sources. To date, successful transformation has been reported for many fruit crops. We review the major progress in genetic transformation of these fruit crops made in the past 5 years, emphasizing reproducible transformation protocols as well as the strategies that have been tested in fruit crops. While direct transformation of scion cultivars was mostly used for fruit quality improvement, biotic and abiotic tolerance, and functional gene analysis, transgrafting on genetically modified (GM) rootstocks showed a potential to produce non-GM fruit products. More recently, genome editing technology has demonstrated a potential for gene(s) manipulation of several fruit crops. However, substantial efforts are still needed to produce plants from gene-edited cells, for which tremendous challenge remains in the context of either cell's recalcitrance to regeneration or inefficient gene-editing due to their polyploidy. We propose that effective transient transformation and efficient regeneration are the key for future utilization of genome editing technologies for improvement of fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qing Song
- Department of Horticulture, Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Humberto Prieto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, La Platina Station, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Vladimir Orbovic
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
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17
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Artlip T, McDermaid A, Ma Q, Wisniewski M. Differential gene expression in non-transgenic and transgenic "M.26" apple overexpressing a peach CBF gene during the transition from eco-dormancy to bud break. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:86. [PMID: 31666956 PMCID: PMC6804898 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The CBF signal pathway is responsible for a significant portion of plant responses to low temperature and freezing. Overexpression of CBF genes in model organisms such as Arabidopsis thaliana enhances abiotic stress tolerance but also reduces growth. In addition to these effects, overexpression of the peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) CBF1 gene in transgenic apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) line T166 also results in early entry into and late exit from dormancy. Although the regulation of dormancy-induction and dormancy-release occur while the CBF regulon is operative in perennial, woody plants, how overexpression of CBF1 affects these dormancy-related changes in gene expression is incompletely understood. The objective of the present study was to characterize global changes in gene expression in peach CBF1-overexpressing and non-transformed apple bark tissues at different states of dormancy via RNA-seq. RNA-seq bioinformatics data was confirmed by RT-qPCR on a number of genes. Results indicate that the greatest number of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) occurred in April when dormancy release and bud break normally occur but are delayed in Line T166. Genes involved in storage and inactivation of auxin, GA, and cytokinin were generally upregulated in T166 in April, while those for biosynthesis, uptake or signal transduction were generally downregulated in T166. Genes for cell division and cambial growth were also downregulated in T166 relative to the non-transformed line. These data suggest that overexpression of the peach CBF1 gene impacts growth hormone homeostasis and as a result the activation of growth in the spring, and most likely growth cessation in the fall as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Artlip
- USDA-ARS-Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | - Adam McDermaid
- Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
- Present Address: Imagenetics, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD 57007 USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
- Present Address: SBS-Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- USDA-ARS-Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
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18
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Chen F, Zhang J, Chen J, Li X, Dong W, Hu J, Lin M, Liu Y, Li G, Wang Z, Zhang L. realDB: a genome and transcriptome resource for the red algae (phylum Rhodophyta). DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2018; 2018:5055577. [PMID: 30020436 PMCID: PMC6051438 DOI: 10.1093/database/bay072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With over 6000 species in seven classes, red algae (Rhodophyta) have diverse economic, ecological, experimental and evolutionary values. However, red algae are usually absent or rare in comparative analyses because genomic information of this phylum is often under-represented in various comprehensive genome databases. To improve the accessibility to the ome data and omics tools for red algae, we provided 10 genomes and 27 transcriptomes representing all seven classes of Rhodophyta. Three genomes and 18 transcriptomes were de novo assembled and annotated in this project. User-friendly BLAST suit, Jbrowse tools and search system were developed for online analyses. Detailed introductions to red algae taxonomy and the sequencing status are also provided. In conclusion, realDB (realDB.algaegenome.org) provides a platform covering the most genome and transcriptome data for red algae and a suite of tools for online analyses, and will attract both red algal biologists and those working on plant ecology, evolution and development. Database URL: http://realdb.algaegenome.org/
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meigui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guowei Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.,College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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19
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Wisniewski M, Nassuth A, Arora R. Cold Hardiness in Trees: A Mini-Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1394. [PMID: 30294340 PMCID: PMC6158558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the regulation of cold hardiness. The existence of numerous biophysical and biochemical adaptive mechanisms in perennial woody plants and the complexity their regulation has made the development of methods for managing and improving cold hardiness in perennial woody plants has been very difficult. This may be partially attributed to viewing cold hardiness as a single dimensional response, rather than as a complex phenomenon, involving different mechanisms (avoidance and tolerance), different stages (mid-winter vs. late winter), and having an intimate overlap with the genetic regulation of dormancy. In particular separating the molecular regulation of cold hardiness from growth processes has been challenging. ICE and C-repeat binding factor (CBF), transcription factors (Inducer of CBF expression and CRT-binding factor) have been shown to be an important aspect in the regulation of cold-induced gene expression. Evidence has emerged, however, that they are also intimately involved in the regulation of growth, flowering, dormancy, and stomatal development. This evidence includes the presence of CBF binding motifs in genes regulating these processes, or through cross-talk between the pathways that regulate them. Recent changes in climate that have resulted in erratic episodes of unseasonal warming followed by more seasonal patterns of low temperatures has also highlighted the need to better understand the genetic and molecular regulation of deacclimation, a topic of research that is only more recently being addressed. Environmentally-induced epigenetic regulation of stress responses and seasonal processes such as cold acclimation, deacclimation, and dormancy have been documented but are still poorly understood. Advances in the ability to efficiently generate large DNA and RNA datasets and genetic transformation technologies have greatly increased our ability to explore the regulation of gene expression and explore genetic diversity. Greater knowledge of the interplay between epigenetic and genetic regulation of cold hardiness, along with the application of advanced genetic analyses, such as genome-wide-association-studies (GWAS), are needed to develop strategies for addressing the complex processes associated with cold hardiness in woody plants. A cautionary note is also indicated regarding the time-scale needed to examine and interpret plant response to freezing temperatures if progress is to be made in developing effective approaches for manipulating and improving cold hardiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wisniewski
- United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Annette Nassuth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - Rajeev Arora
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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20
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Chen L, Li W, Katin-Grazzini L, Ding J, Gu X, Li Y, Gu T, Wang R, Lin X, Deng Z, McAvoy RJ, Gmitter FG, Deng Z, Zhao Y, Li Y. A method for the production and expedient screening of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated non-transgenic mutant plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:13. [PMID: 29531752 PMCID: PMC5834642 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Developing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated non-transgenic mutants in asexually propagated perennial crop plants is challenging but highly desirable. Here, we report a highly useful method using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient CRISPR/Cas9 gene expression system to create non-transgenic mutant plants without the need for sexual segregation. We have also developed a rapid, cost-effective, and high-throughput mutant screening protocol based on Illumina sequencing followed by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Using tetraploid tobacco as a model species and the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene as a target, we successfully created and expediently identified mutant plants, which were verified as tetra-allelic mutants. We produced pds mutant shoots at a rate of 47.5% from tobacco leaf explants, without the use of antibiotic selection. Among these pds plants, 17.2% were confirmed to be non-transgenic, for an overall non-transgenic mutation rate of 8.2%. Our method is reliable and effective in creating non-transgenic mutant plants without the need to segregate out transgenes through sexual reproduction. This method should be applicable to many economically important, heterozygous, perennial crop species that are more difficult to regenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzheng Chen
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Lorenzo Katin-Grazzini
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Jing Ding
- College of Horticulture and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianbin Gu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Tingting Gu
- College of Horticulture and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Xinchun Lin
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziniu Deng
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Changsha, China
| | - Richard J. McAvoy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Frederick G. Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL USA
| | - Zhanao Deng
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL USA
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
- College of Horticulture and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Falavigna VDS, Porto DD, Miotto YE, dos Santos HP, de Oliveira PRD, Margis-Pinheiro M, Pasquali G, Revers LF. Evolutionary diversification of galactinol synthases in Rosaceae: adaptive roles of galactinol and raffinose during apple bud dormancy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1247-1259. [PMID: 29373762 PMCID: PMC6018919 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), which play roles in carbon storage, signal transduction, and osmoprotection. The present work assessed the evolutionary history of GolS genes across the Rosaceae using several bioinformatic tools. Apple (Malus × domestica) GolS genes were transcriptionally characterized during bud dormancy, in parallel with galactinol and raffinose measurements. Additionally, MdGolS2, a candidate to regulate seasonal galactinol and RFO content during apple bud dormancy, was functionally characterized in Arabidopsis. Evolutionary analyses revealed that whole genome duplications have driven GolS gene evolution and diversification in Rosaceae speciation. The strong purifying selection identified in duplicated GolS genes suggests that differential gene expression might define gene function better than protein structure. Interestingly, MdGolS2 was differentially expressed during bud dormancy, concomitantly with the highest galactinol and raffinose levels. One of the intrinsic adaptive features of bud dormancy is limited availability of free water; therefore, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing MdGolS2. They showed higher galactinol and raffinose contents and increased tolerance to water deficit. Our results suggest that MdGolS2 is the major GolS responsible for RFO accumulation during apple dormancy, and these carbohydrates help to protect dormant buds against limited water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor da Silveira Falavigna
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Pasquali
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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22
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Zhao K, Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhuo X, Ahmad S, Han Y, Yong X, Zhang Q. Crosstalk of PmCBFs and PmDAMs Based on the Changes of Phytohormones under Seasonal Cold Stress in the Stem of Prunus mume. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020015. [PMID: 29360732 PMCID: PMC5855539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants facing the seasonal variations always need a growth restraining mechanism when temperatures turn down. C-repeat binding factor (CBF) genes work essentially in the cold perception. Despite lots of researches on CBFs, the multiple crosstalk is still interesting on their interaction with hormones and dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) genes in the growth and dormancy control. Therefore, this study highlights roles of PmCBFs in cold-induced dormancy from different orgens. And a sense-response relationship between PmCBFs and PmDAMs is exhibited in this process, jointly regulated by six PmCBFs and PmDAM4-6. Meantime, GA3 and ABA showed negative and positive correlation with PmCBFs expression levels, respectively. We also find a high correlation between IAA and PmDAM1-3. Finally, we display the interaction mode of PmCBFs and PmDAMs, especially PmCBF1-PmDAM1. These results can disclose another view of molecular mechanism in plant growth between cold-response pathway and dormancy regulation together with genes and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Yushu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaokang Zhuo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Xue Yong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
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Zhang J, Li D, Shi X, Zhang D, Qiu S, Wei J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zhu K, Xia Y. Mining and expression analysis of candidate genes involved in regulating the chilling requirement fulfillment of Paeonia lactiflora 'Hang Baishao'. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:262. [PMID: 29273002 PMCID: PMC5741883 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The artificial enlargement of the planting area and ecological amplitude of ornamentals for horticultural and landscape applications are significant. Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a world-famous ornamental with attractive and fragrant flowers and is mainly planted in temperate and cool areas. Comparatively higher winter temperatures in the subtropical and tropical Northern Hemisphere result in a deficit of chilling accumulation for bud dormancy release, which severely hinders "The southward plantation of herbaceous peony". Studies on the dormancy, chilling requirement (CR) and relevant molecular mechanisms of peony are needed to enhance our ability to extend the range of this valuable horticultural species. RESULTS Based on natural and artificial chilling experiments, and chilling hour (CH) and chilling unit (CU) evaluation systems, the lowest CR of 'Hang Baishao' was between 504.00 and 672.00 CHs and the optimal CR was 672.00 CHs and 856.08 CUs for achieving strong sprouting, growth and flowering performance. Transcriptome sequencing and gene identification by RNA-Seq were performed on 'Hang Baishao' buds during the dormancy and sprouting periods. Six gene libraries were constructed, and 66 temperature- and photoperiod-associated unigenes were identified as the potential candidate genes that may regulate or possibly determine CR characteristics. The difference in the expression patterns of SUPPRESSPOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) between the winters of 2012-2013 and 2015-2016, and the difference of CR fulfillment periods also between these two winters represented the interesting congruent relationships. This correlation was also observed for WRKY DNA-BINDING PROTEIN 33 (WRKY 33). CONCLUSIONS Combined with the results acquired from all of experiments, 'Hang Baishao' was confirmed to be a superb peony resource that have significantly low CR characteristics. The two genes of SOC1 and WRKY33 are likely involved in determining the CR amount and fulfillment period of 'Hang Baishao'. HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN, OSMOTIN and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 also deserve attention for the CR research. This study could contribute to the knowledge of the deep factors and mechanisms that regulate CR characteristics, and may be beneficial for breeding new germplasms that have low CRs for landscape or horticulture applications in subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Zhang
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Danqing Li
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Research & Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311202 China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Research & Development Center, Hangzhou Landscaping Incorporated, Hangzhou, 310020 China
| | - Jianfen Wei
- Research & Development Center, Hangzhou Landscaping Incorporated, Hangzhou, 310020 China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jianghua Zhou
- Research & Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311202 China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhu
- Research & Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311202 China
| | - Yiping Xia
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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Li W, Fang C, Krishnan S, Chen J, Yu H, Murphy AS, Merewitz E, Katin‐Grazzini L, McAvoy RJ, Deng Z, Zale J, Li Y. Elevated auxin and reduced cytokinin contents in rootstocks improve their performance and grafting success. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1556-1565. [PMID: 28376249 PMCID: PMC5698044 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant grafting is an important technique for horticultural and silvicultural production. However, many rootstock plants suffer from undesirable lateral bud outgrowth, low grafting success rates or poor rooting. Here, we used a root-predominant gene promoter (SbUGT) to drive the expression of a tryptophan-2-monooxygenase gene (iaaM) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to increase auxin levels in tobacco. The transgenic plants, when used as a rootstock, displayed inhibited lateral bud outgrowth, enhanced grafting success rate and improved root initiation. However, root elongation and biomass of SbUGT::iaaM transgenic plants were reduced compared to those of wild-type plants. In contrast, when we used this same promoter to drive CKX (a cytokinin degradation gene) expression, the transgenic tobacco plants displayed enhanced root elongation and biomass. We then made crosses between the SbUGT::CKX and SbUGT::iaaM transgenic plants. We observed that overexpression of the CKX gene neutralized the negative effects of auxin overproduction on root elongation. Also, the simultaneous expression of both the iaaM and CKX genes in rootstock did not disrupt normal growth and developmental patterns in wild-type scions. Our results demonstrate that expression of both the iaaM and CKX genes predominantly in roots of rootstock inhibits lateral bud release from rootstock, improves grafting success rates and enhances root initiation and biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Chu Fang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | | | - Junmei Chen
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Angus S. Murphy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Emily Merewitz
- Department of Crop ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Lorenzo Katin‐Grazzini
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Richard J. McAvoy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Ziniu Deng
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Janice Zale
- Plant Pathology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural SciencesCitrus Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaLake AlfredFLUSA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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25
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González-Villagra J, Kurepin LV, Reyes-Díaz MM. Evaluating the involvement and interaction of abscisic acid and miRNA156 in the induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis in drought-stressed plants. PLANTA 2017; 246:299-312. [PMID: 28534253 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ABA is involved in anthocyanin synthesis through the regulation of microRNA156, augmenting the level of expression of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes and, therefore, increasing anthocyanin level. Drought stress is the main cause of agricultural crop loss in the world. However, plants have developed mechanisms that allow them to tolerate drought stress conditions. At cellular level, drought stress induces changes in metabolite accumulation, including increases in anthocyanin levels due to upregulation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Recent studies suggest that the higher anthocyanin content observed under drought stress conditions could be a consequence of a rise in the abscisic acid (ABA) concentration. This plant hormone crosses the plasma membrane by specific transporters, and it is recognized at the cytosolic level by receptors known as pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/regulatory component of ABA receptors (PYR/RCARs) that regulate downstream components. In this review, we discuss the hypothesis regarding the involvement of ABA in the regulation of microRNA156 (miRNA156), which is upregulated as part of dehydration stress responsiveness in different species. The miRNA156 upregulation produces a greater level of anthocyanin gene expression, forming the multienzyme complex that will synthesize an increased level of anthocyanins at the cytosolic face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). After synthesis, anthocyanins are transported from the RER to the vacuole by two possible models of transport: (1) membrane vesicle-mediated transport, or (2) membrane transporter-mediated transport. Thus, the aim was to analyze the recent findings on synthesis, transport and the possible mechanism by which ABA could increase anthocyanin synthesis under drought stress conditions potentially throughout microRNA156 (miRNA156).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge González-Villagra
- Doctoral Program in Science of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leonid V Kurepin
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Marjorie M Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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26
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Song GQ, Gao X. Transcriptomic changes reveal gene networks responding to the overexpression of a blueberry DWARF AND DELAYED FLOWERING 1 gene in transgenic blueberry plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:106. [PMID: 28629320 PMCID: PMC5477172 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constitutive expression of the CBF/DREB1 for increasing freezing tolerance in woody plants is often associated with other phenotypic changes including dwarf plant and delayed flowering. These phenotypic changes have been observed when Arabidopsis DWARF AND DELAYED FLOWERING 1 (DDF1) was overexpressed in A. thaliana plants. To date, the DDF1 orthologues have not been studied in woody plants. The aim of this study is to investigate transcriptomic responses to the overexpression of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) DDF1 (herein, VcDDF1-OX). RESULTS The VcDDF1-OX resulted in enhanced freezing tolerance in tetraploid blueberry plants and did not result in significant changes in plant size, chilling requirement, and flowering time. Comparative transcriptome analysis of transgenic 'Legacy-VcDDF1-OX' plants containing an overexpressed VcDDF1 with non-transgenic highbush blueberry 'Legacy' plants revealed the VcDDF1-OX derived differentially expressed (DE) genes and transcripts in the pathways of cold-response, plant flowering, DELLA proteins, and plant phytohormones. The increase in freezing tolerance was associated to the expression of cold-regulated genes (CORs) and the ethylene pathway genes. The unchanged plant size, dormancy and flowering were due to the minimal effect of the VcDDF1-OX on the expression of DELLA proteins, flowering pathway genes, and the other phytohormone genes related to plant growth and development. The DE genes in auxin and cytokinin pathways suggest that the VcDDF1-OX has also altered plant tolerance to drought and high salinity. CONCLUSION A DDF1 orthologue in blueberry functioned differently from the DDF1 reported in Arabidopsis. The overexpression of VcDDF1 or its orthologues is a new approach to increase freezing tolerance of deciduous woody plant species with no obvious effect on plant size and plant flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qing Song
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Xuan Gao
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000 China
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