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Byars SG, Prestes PR, Suphapimol V, Takeuchi F, De Vries N, Maier MC, Melo M, Balding D, Samani N, Allen AM, Kato N, Wilkinson-Berka JL, Charchar F, Harrap SB. Four-week inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats results in persistently lower blood pressure with reduced kidney renin and changes in expression of relevant gene networks. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:769-781. [PMID: 38501595 PMCID: PMC11135646 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Prevention of human hypertension is an important challenge and has been achieved in experimental models. Brief treatment with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors permanently reduces the genetic hypertension of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The kidney is involved in this fascinating phenomenon, but relevant changes in gene expression are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In SHR, we studied the effect of treatment between 10 and 14 weeks of age with the angiotensin receptor blocker, losartan, or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril [with controls for non-specific effects of lowering blood pressure (BP)], on differential RNA expression, DNA methylation, and renin immunolabelling in the kidney at 20 weeks of age. RNA sequencing revealed a six-fold increase in renin gene (Ren) expression during losartan treatment (P < 0.0001). Six weeks after losartan, arterial pressure remained lower (P = 0.006), yet kidney Ren showed reduced expression by 23% after losartan (P = 0.03) and by 43% after perindopril (P = 1.4 × 10-6) associated with increased DNA methylation (P = 0.04). Immunolabelling confirmed reduced cortical renin after earlier RAS blockade (P = 0.002). RNA sequencing identified differential expression of mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs with evidence of networking and co-regulation. These included 13 candidate genes (Grhl1, Ammecr1l, Hs6st1, Nfil3, Fam221a, Lmo4, Adamts1, Cish, Hif3a, Bcl6, Rad54l2, Adap1, Dok4), the miRNA miR-145-3p, and the lncRNA AC115371. Gene ontogeny analyses revealed that these networks were enriched with genes relevant to BP, RAS, and the kidneys. CONCLUSION Early RAS inhibition in SHR resets genetic pathways and networks resulting in a legacy of reduced Ren expression and BP persisting for a minimum of 6 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G Byars
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priscilla R Prestes
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Varaporn Suphapimol
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nathan De Vries
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle C Maier
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mariana Melo
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David Balding
- Melbourne Integrative Genomic and School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nilesh Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew M Allen
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jennifer L Wilkinson-Berka
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Fadi Charchar
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Harrap
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Sun K, Wang YL, Hou CC, Shang D, Du LJ, Bai L, Zhang XY, Hao CM, Duan SZ. Collecting duct NCOR1 controls blood pressure by regulating mineralocorticoid receptor. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00053-5. [PMID: 38341030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear receptor corepressor 1(NCOR1) is reported to play crucial roles in cardiovascular diseases, but its function in the kidney has remained obscure. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the role of collecting duct NCOR1 in blood pressure (BP) regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Collecting duct NCOR1 knockout (KO) mice manifested increased BP and aggravated vascular and renal injury in an angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive model. KO mice also showed significantly higher BP than littermate control (LC) mice in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt model. Further study showed that collecting duct NCOR1 deficiency aggravated volume and sodium retention after saline challenge. Among the sodium transporter in the collecting duct, the expression of the three epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunits was markedly increased in the renal medulla of KO mice. Consistently, BP in Ang II-infused KO mice decreased significantly to the similar level as those in LC mice after amiloride treatment. ChIP analysis revealed that NCOR1 deficiency increased the enrichment of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) on the promoters of the three ENaC genes in primary inner medulla collecting duct (IMCD) cells. Co-IP results showed interaction between NCOR1 and MR, and luciferase reporter results demonstrated that NCOR1 inhibited the transcriptional activity of MR. Knockdown of MR eliminated the increased ENaC expression in primary IMCD cells isolated from KO mice. Finally, BP was significantly decreased in Ang II-infused KO mice after treatment of MR antagonist spironolactone and the difference between LC and KO mice was abolished. CONCLUSIONS NCOR1 interacts with MR to control ENaC activity in the collecting duct and to regulate sodium reabsorption and ultimately BP. Targeting NCOR1 might be a promising tactic to interrupt the volume and sodium retention of the collecting duct in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang University Medical College Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, China; Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yong-Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chen-Chen Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Da Shang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
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Liskova S, Cacanyiova S, Cebova M, Berenyiova A, Kluknavsky M, Micurova A, Valachova K, Soltes L, Bernatova I. Taxifolin Reduces Blood Pressure via Improvement of Vascular Function and Mitigating the Vascular Inflammatory Response in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12616. [PMID: 37628795 PMCID: PMC10454553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of a 10-day-long treatment with taxifolin (TAX, 20 mg/kg/day p.o.) was investigated on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with a focus on the vascular functions of isolated femoral arteries and thoracic aortas. TAX reduced blood pressure in SHRs. In femoral arteries, TAX increased acetylcholine-induced relaxation, reduced the maximal NA-induced contraction, and reduced acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent contraction (EDC); however, TAX had no effect on the vascular reactivity of isolated thoracic aortas. In addition, TAX elevated the total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and iNOS protein expression but reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) protein expression in the tissue of the abdominal aorta without changes in Nos2 and Ptgs2 gene expressions. TAX also increased the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (Il10). In addition, in vitro studies showed that TAX has both electron donor and H atom donor properties. However, TAX failed to reduce superoxide production in the tissue of the abdominal aorta after oral administration. In conclusion, our results show that a decrease in the blood pressure in TAX-treated SHRs might be attributed to improved endothelium-dependent relaxation and reduced endothelium-dependent contraction. In addition, the results suggest that the effect of TAX on blood pressure regulation also involves the attenuation of COX2-mediated pro-inflammation and elevation of anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Liskova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Cacanyiova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Martina Cebova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Berenyiova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Michal Kluknavsky
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Micurova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Katarina Valachova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Ladislav Soltes
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Iveta Bernatova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.L.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (A.M.)
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Meister ML, Najjar RS, Danh JP, Knapp D, Wanders D, Feresin RG. Berry consumption mitigates the hypertensive effects of a high-fat, high-sucrose diet via attenuation of renal and aortic AT 1R expression resulting in improved endothelium-derived NO bioavailability. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109225. [PMID: 36435288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a contributor to high-fat diet-related blood pressure (BP) increases. Deleterious effects of dysregulated RAS result in an overproduction of reactive oxygen species and a decrease in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability due to increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression. Dietary polyphenols have been shown to mitigate the imbalance in the redox state and protect against endothelial dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet. Thus, we aim to determine whether polyphenol-rich blackberry and raspberry, alone and in combination, attenuate the detrimental effects of a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet on the vascular endothelium and kidneys of mice. We show that a HFHS diet increased the expression of renal and aortic angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R). Further, NOX1 and NOX4 expression were increased in the kidney contributing to fibrotic damage. In human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), palmitic acid increased the expression of NOX4, potentially driving oxidative damage in the aorta, as evidenced by increased nitrotyrosine expression. Berries reduced the expression of renal and aortic AT1R, leading to a subsequent decrease in renal NOX expression and reduced aortic oxidative stress evidenced by reduced nitrotyrosine expression. Blackberry and raspberry in combination increased the expression of NRF2 and its downstream proteins in HAECs, thereby reducing the oxidative burden to the endothelium. In combination, blackberry and raspberry also increased serum levels of NO metabolites. These findings indicate that blackberry and raspberry unique polyphenols may act synergistically to favorably modulate the abovementioned pathways and attenuate HFHS diet-induced increases in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Meister
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rami S Najjar
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica P Danh
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Denise Knapp
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rafaela G Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Ren Y, Zhang H. Emerging role of exosomes in vascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1090909. [PMID: 36937921 PMCID: PMC10017462 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1090909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are biological small spherical lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by most cells in the body. Their contents include nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes can transfer material molecules between cells and consequently have a variety of biological functions, participating in disease development while exhibiting potential value as biomarkers and therapeutics. Growing evidence suggests that exosomes are vital mediators of vascular remodeling. Endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), inflammatory cells, and adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) can communicate through exosomes; such communication is associated with inflammatory responses, cell migration and proliferation, and cell metabolism, leading to changes in vascular function and structure. Essential hypertension (EH), atherosclerosis (AS), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are the most common vascular diseases and are associated with significant vascular remodeling. This paper reviews the latest research progress on the involvement of exosomes in vascular remodeling through intercellular information exchange and provides new ideas for understanding related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Honggang Zhang,
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Ertuglu LA, Mutchler AP, Yu J, Kirabo A. Inflammation and oxidative stress in salt sensitive hypertension; The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1096296. [PMID: 36620210 PMCID: PMC9814168 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1096296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-sensitivity of blood pressure is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and affects approximately half of the hypertensive population. While the precise mechanisms of salt-sensitivity remain unclear, recent findings on body sodium homeostasis and salt-induced immune cell activation provide new insights into the relationship between high salt intake, inflammation, and hypertension. The immune system, specifically antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, are directly implicated in salt-induced renal and vascular injury and hypertension. Emerging evidence suggests that oxidative stress and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome drive high sodium-mediated activation of APCs and T cells and contribute to the development of renal and vascular inflammation and hypertension. In this review, we summarize the recent insights into our understanding of the mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension and discuss the role of inflammasome activation as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale A. Ertuglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United Staes,*Correspondence: Annet Kirabo, ; Lale A. Ertuglu,
| | - Ashley Pitzer Mutchler
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Annet Kirabo, ; Lale A. Ertuglu,
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Atmanspacher F, Schreckenberg R, Wolf A, Grgic I, Schlüter KD. Effect of Metabolic Adaptation by Voluntary Running Wheel Activity and Aldosterone Inhibition on Renal Function in Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243954. [PMID: 36552716 PMCID: PMC9777552 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic effects of physical activity may be reno-protective in the context of hypertension, although exercise stresses kidneys. Aldosterone participates in renal disease in hypertension, but exercise affects the plasma concentration of aldosterone. This study was designed to evaluate whether physical activity and pharmacological treatment by aldosterone have additive effects on renal protection in hypertensive rats. Female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) or normotensive Wistar rats performed voluntary running wheel activity alone or in combination with aldosterone blockade (spironolactone). The following groups were studied: young and pre-hypertensive SHR (n = 5 sedentary; n = 10 running wheels, mean body weight 129 g), 10-month-old Wistar rats (n = 6 sedentary; n = 6 running wheels, mean body weight 263 g), 10-month-old SHRs (n = 18 sedentary, mean body weight 224 g; n = 6 running wheels, mean body weight 272 g; n = 6 aldosterone, mean body weight 219 g; n = 6 aldosterone and running wheels, mean body weight 265 g). Another group of SHRs had free access to running wheels for 6 months and kept sedentary for the last 3 months (n = 6, mean body weight 240 g). Aldosterone was given for the last 4 months. SHRs from the running groups had free access to running wheels beginning at the age of 6 weeks. Renal function was analyzed by microalbuminuria (Alb/Cre), urinary secretion of kidney injury molecule-1 (uKim-1), and plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration. Molecular adaptation of the kidney to hypertension and its modification by spironolactone and/or exercise were analyzed by real-time PCR, immunoblots, and histology. After six months of hypertension, rats had increased Alb/Cre and BUN but normal uKim-1. Voluntary free running activity normalized BUN but not Alb/Cre, whereas spironolactone reduced Alb/Cre but not BUN. Exercise constitutively increased renal expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9; mRNA and protein) and arginase-2 (mRNA). Spironolactone reduced these effects. uKim-1 increased in rats performing voluntary running wheel activity exercise irrespectively of blood pressure and aldosterone blockade. We observed independent but no additive effects of aldosterone blockade and physical activity on renal function and on molecules potentially affecting renal lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Atmanspacher
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Wolf
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Ivica Grgic
- Klinik für Nephrologie und Transplantationsmedizin, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Schlüter
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Ertuglu LA, Kirabo A. Dendritic Cell Epithelial Sodium Channel in Inflammation, Salt-Sensitive Hypertension, and Kidney Damage. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:1620-1629. [PMID: 36245645 PMCID: PMC9528365 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001272022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to different individual BP responses to changes in dietary salt remain elusive. Research in the last two decades revealed that the immune system plays a critical role in the development of hypertension and related end organ damage. Moreover, sodium accumulates nonosmotically in human tissue, including the skin and muscle, shifting the dogma on body sodium balance and its regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that high concentrations of extracellular sodium can directly trigger an inflammatory response in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), leading to hypertension and vascular and renal injury. Importantly, sodium entry into APCs is mediated by the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Although the role of the ENaC in renal regulation of sodium excretion and BP is well established, these new findings imply that the ENaC may also exert BP modulatory effects in extrarenal tissue through an immune-dependent pathway. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of salt-sensitive hypertension with a particular focus on the roles of APCs and the extrarenal ENaC.
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Gomes FAR, Noronha SISR, Silva SCA, Machado-Júnior PA, Ostolin TLVDP, Chírico MTT, Ribeiro MC, Reis AB, Cangussú SD, Montano N, Silva VJD, de Menezes RCA, Silva FCS, Chianca DA. Ivabradine treatment lowers blood pressure and promotes cardiac and renal protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2022; 308:120919. [PMID: 36049530 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is linked to hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) function, expressed in excitable and non-excitable cells. Considering that the reduction in heart rate (HR) improves coronary perfusion and cardiac performance, ivabradine (IVA) emerged as an important drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. AIM Evaluate if IVA chronic treatment effect can mitigate hypertension and reverse the cardiac and renal damage in SHR. MAIN METHODS Rats were divided into 4 groups treated for 14 days with PBS (1 ml/kg; i.p) or IVA (1 mg/kg; i.p): 1) WKY PBS; 2) SHR PBS; 3) WKY IVA; and 4) SHR IVA. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured, indirectly, before and during the treatment period with IVA (day 0, 1, 7 and 11). Rats were subjected to artery cannulation for direct blood pressure (BP) measurement. Morphofunctional and gene expression were evaluated in the heart and kidneys. KEY FINDINGS IVA reduced SBP only in SHR on the 7th day. Direct blood pressure measurement showed that IVA chronic treatment reduced HR in the SHR. Interestingly, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced in SHR IVA when compared to SHR PBS. Serum and urinary biochemical data were not altered by IVA. Moreover, IVA reduced the renal inflammatory infiltrates and increased glomerular density, besides preventing the cardiac inflammatory and hypertrophic responses. SIGNIFICANCE IVA treatment lowered blood pressure, improved cardiac remodeling and inflammation, as well as decreasing renal damage in SHR. Further, IVA increased renal HCN2 mRNA and reduced cardiac HCN4 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana A R Gomes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sylvana I S R Noronha
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Sabrina C A Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Pedro A Machado-Júnior
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thais Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale Ostolin
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunophatology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Máira Tereza Talma Chírico
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Ribeiro
- Statistics Department, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunophatology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Silvia D Cangussú
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valdo J D Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo C A de Menezes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda C S Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Deoclécio A Chianca
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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10
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Mondragón-Huerta CG, Bautista-Pérez R, Baiza-Gutman LA, Escobar-Sánchez ML, Valle-Mondragón LD, Salas-Garrido CG, Castro-Moreno P, Ibarra-Barajas M. Morphology and cyclooxygenase-2 and renin expression in the kidney of young spontaneously hypertensive rats. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:371-384. [PMID: 34841988 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211052663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The kidneys play an important role in blood pressure regulation under normal and pathological conditions. We examined the histological changes and expression patterns of cyclooxygenase-2, renin, and (pro)renin receptor (PRR) in the renal cortex of prehypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs). Moreover, blood pressure and plasma urea, creatinine, angiotensin II, and angiotensin (1-7) levels were measured. The results showed that both strains had similar blood pressure and plasma urea and creatinine levels. The glomerular area, basement membrane thickness, collagen fiber content, and arterial wall thickness were greater in SHRs than in WKYs. By immunohistochemistry, cyclooxygenase-2 was localized in the macula densa and renal tubules of both strains. In SHRs, cyclooxygenase-2 was detected in a larger number of tubules, and the cortical expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was also increased. In both strains, PRR and renin were localized in the tubular epithelium and juxtaglomerular cells, respectively. In SHRs, PRR immunolocalization was increased in the glomerulus. The cortical expression of immature renin was markedly increased in SHRs compared to that in WKYs, while renin was significantly decreased. These changes were associated with higher plasma angiotensin II levels and lower plasma angiotensin (1-7) levels in SHRs. The results indicate that the kidneys of SHRs showed morphological changes and variations in cortical expression patterns of PRR, cyclooxygenase-2, and renin before the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Bautista-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, "Dr. Ignacio Chávez," Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis A Baiza-Gutman
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
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11
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Stoyell-Conti FF, Chabbra A, Puthentharayil J, Rigatto K, Speth RC. Chronic administration of pharmacological doses of angiotensin 1-7 and iodoangiotensin 1-7 has minimal effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and cognitive function of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14812. [PMID: 33904655 PMCID: PMC8077095 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the principal cause of death worldwide, with hypertension being the most common cardiovascular disease risk factor. High blood pressure (BP) is also associated with an increased risk of poor cognitive performance and dementia including Alzheimer's disease. Angiotensin 1–7 (Ang 1‐7), a product of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS), exhibits central and peripheral actions to reduce BP. Recent data from our lab reveals that the addition of a non‐radioactive iodine molecule to the tyrosine in position 4 of Ang 1‐7 (iodoAng 1‐7) makes it ~1000‐fold more potent than Ang 1‐7 in competing for the 125I‐Ang 1‐7 binding site (Stoyell‐Conti et al., 2020). Moreover, the addition of the non‐radioactive iodine molecule increases (~4‐fold) iodoAng 1‐7’s ability to bind to the AT1 receptor (AT1R), the primary receptor for Ang II. Preliminary data indicates that iodoAng 1‐7 can also compete for the 125I‐Ang IV binding site with a low micromolar IC50. Thus, our aims were to compare the effects of chronic treatment of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) with iodoAng 1‐7 (non‐radioactive iodine isotope) and Ang 1‐7 on arterial pressure, heart rate, and cognitive function. For this study, male SHRs were divided into three groups and treated with Saline, Ang 1‐7, or iodoAng 1‐7 administrated subcutaneously using a 28‐day osmotic mini pump. Systolic BP was measured non‐invasively by the tail‐cuff technique. Cognitive function was assessed by Y‐Maze test and novel object recognition (NOR) test. We have demonstrated in SHRs that subcutaneous administration of high doses of iodoAng 1‐7 prevented the increase in heart rate with age, while Ang 1‐7 showed a trend toward preventing the increase in heart rate, possibly by improving baroreflex control of the heart. Conversely, neither Ang 1‐7 nor iodoAng 1‐7 administered subcutaneously affected BP nor cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe F Stoyell-Conti
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Surgery Department, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alesa Chabbra
- Halmos College of Natural Science & Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Puthentharayil
- Halmos College of Natural Science & Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Katya Rigatto
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Laboratório de Fisiologia Translacional, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert C Speth
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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12
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Ultra-Small Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles Exert Different Effects on Erythrocytes in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040377. [PMID: 33918438 PMCID: PMC8065606 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined erythrocyte physiological and biochemical properties after the single and repeated administration of ultra-small superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) in normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Polyethylene glycol-coated USPIONs (transmission electron microscope detected a mean size of ~30 nm and hydrodynamic size ~51 nm) were intravenously administered to rats either in one infusion at nominal dose 1 mg Fe/kg or in two infusions (administered with a difference of 24 h) at nominal dose 2 mg Fe/kg. Results showed that USPIONs did not deteriorate erythrocyte deformability, nitric oxide production, and osmotic resistance in both experimental settings. Both the single and repeated USPION administration elevated erythrocyte deformability in WKY. However, this effect was not present in SHR; deformability in USPION-treated SHR was significantly lower than in USPION-treated WKY. Nitric oxide production by erythrocytes was increased after a single USPION treatment in WKY, so it can be associated with improvement in erythrocyte deformability. Using biomagnetometry, we revealed significantly lower amounts of USPION-originated iron in erythrocytes in SHR compared with WKY. We found a much faster elimination of USPIONs from erythrocytes in hypertensive rats compared with the normotensive ones, which might be relevant for clinical practice in hypertensive patients undergoing clinical examination with the use of iron-oxide nanoparticles.
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13
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van Dorst DCH, Dobbin SJH, Neves KB, Herrmann J, Herrmann SM, Versmissen J, Mathijssen RHJ, Danser AHJ, Lang NN. Hypertension and Prohypertensive Antineoplastic Therapies in Cancer Patients. Circ Res 2021; 128:1040-1061. [PMID: 33793337 PMCID: PMC8011349 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of a wide range of novel antineoplastic therapies has improved the prognosis for patients with a wide range of malignancies, which has increased the number of cancer survivors substantially. Despite the oncological benefit, cancer survivors are exposed to short- and long-term adverse cardiovascular toxicities associated with anticancer therapies. Systemic hypertension, the most common comorbidity among cancer patients, is a major contributor to the increased risk for developing these adverse cardiovascular events. Cancer and hypertension have common risk factors, have overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms and hypertension may also be a risk factor for some tumor types. Many cancer therapies have prohypertensive effects. Although some of the mechanisms by which these antineoplastic agents lead to hypertension have been characterized, further preclinical and clinical studies are required to investigate the exact pathophysiology and the optimal management of hypertension associated with anticancer therapy. In this way, monitoring and management of hypertension before, during, and after cancer treatment can be improved to minimize cardiovascular risks. This is vital to optimize cardiovascular health in patients with cancer and survivors, and to ensure that advances in terms of cancer survivorship do not come at the expense of increased cardiovascular toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan C H van Dorst
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.H.v.D., J.V., A.H.J.D.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (D.C.H.v.D., R.H.J.M.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J H Dobbin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.J.H.D., K.B.N., N.N.L.)
| | - Karla B Neves
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.J.H.D., K.B.N., N.N.L.)
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (S.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jorie Versmissen
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.H.v.D., J.V., A.H.J.D.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hospital Pharmacy (J.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (D.C.H.v.D., R.H.J.M.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.C.H.v.D., J.V., A.H.J.D.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ninian N Lang
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.J.H.D., K.B.N., N.N.L.)
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14
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Man AWC, Chen M, Wu Z, Reifenberg G, Daiber A, Münzel T, Xia N, Li H. Renal Effects of Fetal Reprogramming With Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:454. [PMID: 32410988 PMCID: PMC7201020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Current antihypertensive therapies cannot cure hypertension and a life-long medication is necessary. Maternal treatment may represent a promising strategy for hypertension treatment. We have previously shown that maternal treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) leads to a persistent blood pressure reduction in the female offspring. The underlying mechanisms include improved endothelial function resulting from long-lasting epigenetic changes. In the present study, we address the renal effects of maternal PETN treatment. Methods and Results F0 parental SHR were fed with either normal chow or PETN-containing (1 g/kg) chow ad libitum from the time point of mating to the end of lactation period. The F1 offspring received normal chow without PETN from the time point of weaning (at the age of 3 weeks). At the age of 16 weeks, female PETN offspring showed lower blood pressure than the control. No difference was observed in male offspring. All following experiments were performed with kidneys from 16-week-old female offspring. Maternal PETN treatment reduced the mRNA and protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), resulting from epigenetic modifications found at the proximal promoter regions. The expression levels of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and factors in the MR signalling pathway (Rac1 and Sgk1) were also reduced by PETN. Major profibrotic cytokines, including Wnt4, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and MMP9, were downregulated by PETN, which was associated with reduced collagen deposition and glomerulus sclerosis in the kidney of PETN offspring. In addition, PETN treatment also decreased the markers of inflammation and immune cell infiltration in the kidneys. Conclusions PETN maternal treatment leads to epigenetic changes in the kidney of female SHR offspring. The reduced renal inflammation, alleviated kidney fibrosis, and decreased MR signalling are potential mechanisms contributing to the observed blood pressure-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy W C Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gisela Reifenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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15
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Vrolijk MF, van Essen H, Opperhuizen A, Bast A, Janssen BJ. Haemodynamic effects of the flavonoid quercetin in rats revisited. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1841-1852. [PMID: 31877232 PMCID: PMC7070173 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The flavonoid quercetin increased the in vitro potency of the α1‐antagonist tamsulosin to reduce phenylephrine‐dependent arterial contractions by 10‐fold. To examine if this supplement–drug interaction luxates hypotensive and orthostatic events in vivo, several set of studies were conducted in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (Wistar Kyoto [WKY]) rats. Experimental Approach First, in rats pretreated with quercetin or its vehicle, responses to phenylephrine and tamsulosin were examined. Second, tamsulosin‐induced changes in renal, mesenteric, hindquarter and carotid conductance were compared in quercetin‐ and vehicle‐treated rats instrumented with Doppler flow probes. Animals were also placed on a tilt table to record regional haemodynamic changes to orthostatic challenges. Third, adult SHR were instrumented with telemeters to measure 24‐hr patterns of BP. Recordings were made before and during a 5‐week oral treatment of quercetin. Finally, pre‐hypertensive SHR were treated with quercetin from 4 to 8 weeks of age and arterial pressure was measured at 8 and 12 weeks. Key Results Pretreatment with quercetin did not influence the responses to phenylephrine and tamsulosin, in neither WKY nor SHR. While tamsulosin treatment and tilting lowered BP and increased conductance in all vascular beds, effect size was not influenced by pretreatment with quercetin. Prolonged treatment with quercetin, in either prehypertensive SHR or adult SHR with established hypertension did not lower BP. Conclusions and Implications Cumulatively, these data demonstrate that quercetin does not amplify haemodynamic effects of tamsulosin or tilting in vivo in rats and has no effect on BP development in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha F Vrolijk
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Helma van Essen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Office for Risk Assessment andResearch (BuRO), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Ben J Janssen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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16
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Angiotensin peptide synthesis and cyclic nucleotide modulation in sympathetic stellate ganglia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:234-243. [PMID: 31836539 PMCID: PMC7049903 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronically elevated angiotensin II is a widely-established contributor to hypertension and heart failure via its action on the kidneys and vasculature. It also augments the activity of peripheral sympathetic nerves through activation of presynaptic angiotensin II receptors, thus contributing to sympathetic over-activity. Although some cells can synthesise angiotensin II locally, it is not known if this machinery is present in neurons closely coupled to the heart. Using a combination of RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrate evidence for a renin-angiotensin synthesis pathway within human and rat sympathetic stellate ganglia, where significant alterations were observed in the spontaneously hypertensive rat stellate ganglia compared with Wistar stellates. We also used Förster Resonance Energy Transfer to demonstrate that administration of angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 peptides significantly elevate cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the rat stellate ganglia. Whether the release of angiotensin peptides from the sympathetic stellate ganglia alters neurotransmission and/or exacerbates cardiac dysfunction in states associated with sympathetic over activity remains to be established.
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17
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Heart Protection by Herb Formula BanXia BaiZhu TianMa Decoction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5612929. [PMID: 31827552 PMCID: PMC6885217 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5612929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Modern research has shown that BanXia BaiZhu TianMa decoction (BBT) has the potential effect of lowering BP in vitro and in vivo. However, its therapeutic mechanism has not been clearly defined. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of BBT on the heart by examining heart functioning and anti-inflammatory characteristics and to obtain scientific evidence for its further medical applications. BBT was extracted by decocting the herb extraction and analysed by HPLC. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was measured, and a histological examination of samples of the heart was performed. Inflammatory status was investigated by measuring tissue levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and molecules of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. The BBT treatment significantly reversed the course of hypertension-derived heart damage. Meanwhile, the herb formula markedly reduced levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS. In addition, the traditional compound suppressed the activity of the NF-κB pathway. The present study provides evidence of heart protection by BBT in SHRs. The action mechanisms may be partially attributable to the anti-inflammatory characteristic of the formula. Understanding the pharmacological action of BBT will benefit its impending use.
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18
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Carnagarin R, Lambert GW, Kiuchi MG, Nolde JM, Matthews VB, Eikelis N, Lambert EA, Schlaich MP. Effects of sympathetic modulation in metabolic disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1454:80-89. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine – Royal Perth Hospital Unit/Medical Research FoundationUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Gavin W. Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research InstituteSwinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Victoria Australia
- School of Health SciencesSwinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Victoria Australia
| | - Marcio G. Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine – Royal Perth Hospital Unit/Medical Research FoundationUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Janis M. Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine – Royal Perth Hospital Unit/Medical Research FoundationUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Vance B. Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine – Royal Perth Hospital Unit/Medical Research FoundationUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Nina Eikelis
- Iverson Health Innovation Research InstituteSwinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Victoria Australia
- School of Health SciencesSwinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Victoria Australia
| | - Elisabeth A. Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research InstituteSwinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Victoria Australia
- School of Health SciencesSwinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Victoria Australia
| | - Markus P. Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine – Royal Perth Hospital Unit/Medical Research FoundationUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
- Departments of Cardiology and NephrologyRoyal Perth Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
- Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
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19
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JYYS Granule Mitigates Renal Injury in Clinic and in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Inhibiting NF- κB Signaling-Mediated Microinflammation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8472963. [PMID: 30598687 PMCID: PMC6287156 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8472963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hypertensive renal damage is a chronic and life-threatening kidney disease all over the world. The traditional Chinese medicine Jiang Ya Yi Shen (JYYS) granule has been a perfect drug for patients with hypertensive renal injury in clinic for 20 years in China. However, the molecular mechanism of JYYS granule remains unknown in treatment of this disease. Methods The clinic data were from this study's patients. The clinical symptoms of patients were indicated by (N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase) NAG, (albumin) Alb, and (β2-microglobin) β2-MG content in urinary of patients, and renal artery's hemodynamic parameters including (pulse index) PI, mean velocity of the arterial blood (Vm), minimum velocity of the diastolic stage (Vdmin) and peak velocity of the systolic wave (Vsmax). To further observe the effect of JYYS granule on renal damage, the rats were included in six groups: normal rats (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), positive drug-treated rats (Benazepril), low dose JYYS (L), middle dose JYYS (M), and high dose JYYS (H). Then, we observed the effect of JYYS on renal function, renal tubules, inflammatory cell infiltration, and small artery thickening, and we explored the potential mechanism of JYYS in treatment of renal injury. Results JYYS significantly improved the clinic symptoms of patients with hypertensive nephropathy by downregulating NAG, Alb, and β2-MG content in urinary of patients and by decreasing renal artery's hemodynamic parameters including PI, Vm, Vdmin, and Vsmax. In SHR, JYYS significantly improved renal function including creatinine clearance rate, urinary albumin/creatinine, β2-MG/creatinine and arteria caudalis pressure in SHR. Secondly, light and electron microscopic examinations told that after administration of JYYS and Benazepril, the mesangial region exhibited no hyperplasia and renal capsule did not expanded, and there no abnormalities were observed in renal tubules, inflammatory cell infiltration and small artery thickening in SHR. Thirdly, JYYS exhibited its protective role by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa beta signaling-mediated micro-inflammation cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in SHR. Conclusion JYYS is a promising prescription of Chinese medicine for patients with hypertension and hypertensive renal damage.
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20
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Carnagarin R, Matthews V, Zaldivia MTK, Peter K, Schlaich MP. The bidirectional interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1839-1852. [PMID: 30129037 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that hypertension is, at least in part, an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder. Many links between immunity and hypertension have been established and provide a complex framework of mechanistic interactions contributing to the rise in BP. These include immune-mediated inflammatory processes affecting regulatory brain nuclei and interactions with other mediators of cardiovascular regulation such as the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathoexcitation differentially regulates T-cells based upon activation status of the immune cell as well as the resident organ. Exogenous and endogenous triggers activate signalling pathways in innate and adaptive immune cells resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and activation of T-lymphocytes in the cardiovascular and renal regions, now considered major factors in the development of essential hypertension. The inflammatory cascade is sustained and exacerbated by the immune flow via the brain-bone marrow-spleen-gastrointestinal axis and thereby further aggravating immune-mediated pathways resulting in a vicious cycle of established hypertension and target organ damage. This review summarizes the evidence and recent advances in linking immune-mediated inflammation, sympathetic activation and their bidirectional interactions with the development of hypertension. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vance Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maria T K Zaldivia
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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Lu X, Xu X, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Huo X. Phthalate exposure as a risk factor for hypertension. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20550-20561. [PMID: 29862479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitous in environment. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Phthalate exposure is associated with hypertension in multiple studies. This review aims to summarize the scientific literature on associations between phthalate exposure and hypertension and discuss the mechanisms in the relationship. We identified and reviewed original articles published to March 2018, using PubMed and Web of Science to search the terms "phthalate(s)," "phthalic acid," "blood pressure," "high blood pressure," "hypertension," "prehypertension," and "cardiovascular disease." Findings were summarized based on the relevance to the themes, including presentation of main phthalates and their major metabolites as well as associations of phthalate exposure with blood pressure in epidemiological and experimental studies. We identified ten population-based investigations and five toxicological experiments. Epidemiological data underscored a possible correlation between phthalate exposure and hypertension in adults, whereas individual study in children stands on the opposite. Experimental studies mainly targeted the increasing effect of phthalates on blood pressure. This review suggested some underlying mechanisms of phthalate-associated hypertension. Considering the current evidence, phthalate might be risk factors of hypertension. However, the effect of phthalate exposure in early life on blood pressure in later life or adulthood is still unclear. Well-designed longitudinal and molecular mechanism studies are indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Lu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yucong Lin
- Tabor Academy, Marion, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China.
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Bardsley EN, Davis H, Ajijola OA, Buckler KJ, Ardell JL, Shivkumar K, Paterson DJ. RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Transcripts from Sympathetic Stellate Ganglia During Cardiac Sympathetic Hyperactivity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8633. [PMID: 29872217 PMCID: PMC5988725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent age-related illness worldwide, causing approximately 15 million deaths every year. Hypertension is central in determining cardiovascular risk and is a strong predictive indicator of morbidity and mortality; however, there remains an unmet clinical need for disease-modifying and prophylactic interventions. Enhanced sympathetic activity is a well-established contributor to the pathophysiology of hypertension, however the cellular and molecular changes that increase sympathetic neurotransmission are not known. The aim of this study was to identify key changes in the transcriptome in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. We validated 15 of our top-scoring genes using qRT-PCR, and network and enrichment analyses suggest that glutamatergic signalling plays a key role in modulating Ca2+ balance within these ganglia. Additionally, phosphodiesterase activity was found to be altered in stellates obtained from the hypertensive rat, suggesting that impaired cyclic nucleotide signalling may contribute to disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis and sympathetic hyperactivity in hypertension. We have also confirmed the presence of these transcripts in human donor stellate samples, suggesting that key genes coupled to neurotransmission are conserved. The data described here may provide novel targets for future interventions aimed at treating sympathetic hyperactivity associated with cardiovascular disease and other dysautonomias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Bardsley
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Harvey Davis
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Keith J Buckler
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David J Paterson
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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Bardsley EN, Davis H, Buckler KJ, Paterson DJ. Neurotransmitter Switching Coupled to β-Adrenergic Signaling in Sympathetic Neurons in Prehypertensive States. Hypertension 2018; 71:1226-1238. [PMID: 29686017 PMCID: PMC5959210 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Single or combinatorial administration of β-blockers is a mainstay treatment strategy for conditions caused by sympathetic overactivity. Conventional wisdom suggests that the main beneficial effect of β-blockers includes resensitization and restoration of β1-adrenergic signaling pathways in the myocardium, improvements in cardiomyocyte contractility, and reversal of ventricular sensitization. However, emerging evidence indicates that another beneficial effect of β-blockers in disease may reside in sympathetic neurons. We investigated whether β-adrenoceptors are present on postganglionic sympathetic neurons and facilitate neurotransmission in a feed-forward manner. Using a combination of immunocytochemistry, RNA sequencing, Förster resonance energy transfer, and intracellular Ca2+ imaging, we demonstrate the presence of β-adrenoceptors on presynaptic sympathetic neurons in both human and rat stellate ganglia. In diseased neurons from the prehypertensive rat, there was enhanced β-adrenoceptor-mediated signaling predominantly via β2-adrenoceptor activation. Moreover, in human and rat neurons, we identified the presence of the epinephrine-synthesizing enzyme PNMT (phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase). Using high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, we measured greater epinephrine content and evoked release from the prehypertensive rat cardiac-stellate ganglia. We conclude that neurotransmitter switching resulting in enhanced epinephrine release, may provide presynaptic positive feedback on β-adrenoceptors to promote further release, that leads to greater postsynaptic excitability in disease, before increases in arterial blood pressure. Targeting neuronal β-adrenoceptor downstream signaling could provide therapeutic opportunity to minimize end-organ damage caused by sympathetic overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Bardsley
- From the Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Harvey Davis
- From the Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith J Buckler
- From the Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David J Paterson
- From the Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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24
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Kalra J, Mangali SB, Bhat A, Dhar I, Udumula MP, Dhar A. Imoxin attenuates high fructose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in renal epithelial cells via downregulation of protein kinase R pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 32:297-305. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kalra
- Department of Pharmacy; Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani; Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 500078 India
| | - Suresh Babu Mangali
- Department of Pharmacy; Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani; Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 500078 India
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Department of Molecular Biology; Central University of Jammu; Jammu Jammu and Kashmir 181143 India
| | - Indu Dhar
- Department of Clinical Sciences; University of Bergen; Bergen 5007 Norway
| | - Mary Priyanka Udumula
- Department of Pharmacy; Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani; Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 500078 India
| | - Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy; Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani; Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 500078 India
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Chen XH, Ruan CC, Ge Q, Ma Y, Xu JZ, Zhang ZB, Lin JR, Chen DR, Zhu DL, Gao PJ. Deficiency of Complement C3a and C5a Receptors Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension via Regulatory T Cells. Circ Res 2018; 122:970-983. [PMID: 29437833 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Inflammation and immunity play crucial roles in the development of hypertension. Complement activation-mediated innate immune response is involved in the regulation of hypertension and target-organ damage. However, whether complement-mediated T-cell functions could regulate blood pressure elevation in hypertension is still unclear. OBJECTIVE We aim to determine whether C3aR (complement component 3a receptor) and C5aR (complement component 5a receptor) could regulate blood pressure via modulating regulatory T cells (Tregs). METHODS AND RESULTS We showed that angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension resulted in an elevated expression of C3aR and C5aR in Foxp3 (forkhead box P3)+ Tregs. By using C3aR and C5aR DKO (double knockout) mice, we showed that C3aR and C5aR deficiency together strikingly decreased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in response to Ang II compared with WT (wild type), single C3aR-deficient (C3aR-/-), or C5aR-deficient (C5aR-/-) mice. Flow cytometric analysis showed that Ang II-induced Treg reduction in the kidney and blood was also blocked in DKO mice. Histological analysis indicated that renal and vascular structure remodeling and damage after Ang II treatment were attenuated in DKO mice compared with WT mice. In vitro, Ang II was able to stimulate C3aR and C5aR expression in cultured CD4+CD25+ natural Tregs. CD3 and CD28 antibody stimuli downregulated Foxp3 expression in WT but not DKO Tregs. More important, depletion of Tregs with CD25 antibody abolished the protective effects against Ang II-induced hypertension and target-organ damage in DKO mice. Adoptive transfer of DKO Tregs showed much more profound protective effects against Ang II-induced hypertension than WT Treg transfer. Furthermore, we demonstrated that C5aR expression in Foxp3+ Tregs was higher in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive individuals. CONCLUSIONS C3aR and C5aR DKO-mediated Treg function prevents Ang II-induced hypertension and target-organ damage. Targeting C3aR and C5aR in Tregs specifically may be an alternative novel approach for hypertension treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.M., J.-Z.X., D.-R.C., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); and Laboratory of Vascular Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.) and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.M., J.-Z.X., D.-R.C., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); and Laboratory of Vascular Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.) and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
| | - Qian Ge
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.M., J.-Z.X., D.-R.C., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); and Laboratory of Vascular Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.) and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yu Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.M., J.-Z.X., D.-R.C., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); and Laboratory of Vascular Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.) and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.M., J.-Z.X., D.-R.C., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); and Laboratory of Vascular Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.) and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ze-Bei Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.M., J.-Z.X., D.-R.C., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); and Laboratory of Vascular Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.) and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jing-Rong Lin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.M., J.-Z.X., D.-R.C., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); and Laboratory of Vascular Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.) and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Dong-Rui Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.M., J.-Z.X., D.-R.C., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); and Laboratory of Vascular Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.) and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ding-Liang Zhu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.M., J.-Z.X., D.-R.C., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); and Laboratory of Vascular Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.) and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Q.G., Y.M., J.-Z.X., D.-R.C., D.-L.Z., P.-J.G.); and Laboratory of Vascular Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.) and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology (X.-H.C., C.-C.R., Z.-B.Z., J.-R.L., P.-J.G.), Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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Fairley AS, Mathis KW. Cholinergic agonists reduce blood pressure in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/7/e13213. [PMID: 28400502 PMCID: PMC5392509 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased inflammation arising from an abnormal immune response can damage healthy tissue and lead to disease progression. An important example of this is the accumulation of inflammatory mediators in the kidney, which can subsequently lead to hypertension and renal injury. The origin of this inflammation may involve neuro-immune interactions. For example, the novel vagus nerve-to-spleen mechanism known as the "cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway" controls inflammation upon stimulation. However, if this pathway is dysfunctional, inflammation becomes less regulated and chronic inflammatory diseases such as hypertension may develop. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with aberrant immune function, increased renal inflammation, and prevalent hypertension. We hypothesized that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is impaired in SLE and that stimulation of this pathway would protect from the progression of hypertension in SLE mice. Female SLE (NZBWF1) and control (NZW) mice were administered nicotine or vehicle for 7 days (2 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) in order to stimulate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway at the level of the splenic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR). Blood pressure was assessed posttreatment. Nicotine-treated SLE mice did not develop hypertension and this lower blood pressure (compared to saline-treated SLE mice) coincided with lower splenic and renal cortical expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These data provide evidence that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is impaired in SLE In addition, these data suggest that stimulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can protect the kidney by dampening inflammation and therefore prevent the progression of hypertension in the setting of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber S Fairley
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Keisa W Mathis
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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Sun XN, Li C, Liu Y, Du LJ, Zeng MR, Zheng XJ, Zhang WC, Liu Y, Zhu M, Kong D, Zhou L, Lu L, Shen ZX, Yi Y, Du L, Qin M, Liu X, Hua Z, Sun S, Yin H, Zhou B, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Duan SZ. T-Cell Mineralocorticoid Receptor Controls Blood Pressure by Regulating Interferon-Gamma. Circ Res 2017; 120:1584-1597. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Hypertension remains to be a global public health burden and demands novel intervention strategies such as targeting T cells and T-cell–derived cytokines. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists have been clinically used to treat hypertension. However, the function of T-cell MR in blood pressure (BP) regulation has not been elucidated.
Objective:
We aim to determine the role of T-cell MR in BP regulation and to explore the mechanism.
Methods and Results:
Using T-cell MR knockout mouse in combination with angiotensin II–induced hypertensive mouse model, we demonstrated that MR deficiency in T cells strikingly decreased both systolic and diastolic BP and attenuated renal and vascular damage. Flow cytometric analysis showed that T-cell MR knockout mitigated angiotensin II–induced accumulation of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)–producing T cells, particularly CD8
+
population, in both kidneys and aortas. Similarly, eplerenone attenuated angiotensin II–induced elevation of BP and accumulation of IFN-γ–producing T cells in wild-type mice. In cultured CD8
+
T cells, T-cell MR knockout suppressed IFN-γ expression whereas T-cell MR overexpression and aldosterone both enhanced IFN-γ expression. At the molecular level, MR interacted with NFAT1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1) and activator protein-1 in T cells. Finally, T-cell MR overexpressing mice manifested more elevated BP compared with control mice after angiotensin II infusion and such difference was abolished by IFN-γ–neutralizing antibodies.
Conclusions:
MR may interact with NFAT1 and activator protein-1 to control IFN-γ in T cells and to regulate target organ damage and ultimately BP. Targeting MR in T cells specifically may be an effective novel approach for hypertension treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Nan Sun
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Chao Li
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Yuan Liu
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Meng-Ru Zeng
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Xiao-Jun Zheng
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Wu-Chang Zhang
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Yan Liu
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Mingjiang Zhu
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Deping Kong
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Li Zhou
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Limin Lu
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Zhu-Xia Shen
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Yi Yi
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Lili Du
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Mu Qin
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Xu Liu
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Zichun Hua
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Shuyang Sun
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Huiyong Yin
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Ying Yu
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
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Ling YH, Krishnan SM, Chan CT, Diep H, Ferens D, Chin-Dusting J, Kemp-Harper BK, Samuel CS, Hewitson TD, Latz E, Mansell A, Sobey CG, Drummond GR. Anakinra reduces blood pressure and renal fibrosis in one kidney/DOCA/salt-induced hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2016; 116:77-86. [PMID: 27986554 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a clinically-utilised IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, reduces renal inflammation, structural damage and blood pressure (BP) in mice with established hypertension. METHODS Hypertension was induced in male mice by uninephrectomy, deoxycorticosterone acetate (2.4mg/d,s.c.) and replacement of drinking water with saline (1K/DOCA/salt). Control mice received uninephrectomy, a placebo pellet and normal drinking water. 10days post-surgery, mice commenced treatment with anakinra (75mg/kg/d, i.p.) or vehicle (0.9% saline, i.p.) for 11days. Systolic BP was measured by tail cuff while qPCR, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to measure inflammatory markers, collagen and immune cell infiltration in the kidneys. RESULTS By 10days post-surgery, 1K/DOCA/salt-treated mice displayed elevated systolic BP (148.3±2.4mmHg) compared to control mice (121.7±2.7mmHg; n=18, P<0.0001). The intervention with anakinra reduced BP in 1K/DOCA/salt-treated mice by ∼20mmHg (n=16, P<0.05), but had no effect in controls. In 1K/DOCA/salt-treated mice, anakinra modestly reduced (∼30%) renal expression of some (CCL5, CCL2; n=7-8; P<0.05) but not all (ICAM-1, IL-6) inflammatory markers, and had no effect on immune cell infiltration (n=7-8, P>0.05). Anakinra reduced renal collagen content (n=6, P<0.01) but paradoxically appeared to exacerbate the renal and glomerular hypertrophy (n=8-9, P<0.001) that accompanied 1K/DOCA/salt-induced hypertension. CONCLUSION Despite its anti-hypertensive and renal anti-fibrotic actions, anakinra had minimal effects on inflammation and leukocyte infiltration in mice with 1K/DOCA/salt-induced hypertension. Future studies will assess whether the anti-hypertensive actions of anakinra are mediated by protective actions in other BP-regulating or salt-handling organs such as the arteries, skin and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hann Ling
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Shalini M Krishnan
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Christopher T Chan
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Henry Diep
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Dorota Ferens
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jaye Chin-Dusting
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Timothy D Hewitson
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School,Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ashley Mansell
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia.
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Singh A, Pezeshki A, Zapata RC, Yee NJ, Knight CG, Tuor UI, Chelikani PK. Diets enriched in whey or casein improve energy balance and prevent morbidity and renal damage in salt-loaded and high-fat-fed spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 37:47-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products mitigates vascular dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 419:165-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Novel risk stratification and treatment. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:574-5. [PMID: 27075827 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Solak Y, Afsar B, Vaziri ND, Aslan G, Yalcin CE, Covic A, Kanbay M. Hypertension as an autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:567-73. [PMID: 27053010 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension that is considered idiopathic is called essential hypertension and accordingly has no clear culprit for its cause. However, basic research and clinical studies in recent years have expanded our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of essential hypertension. Of these, increased oxidative stress, both in the kidney and arterial wall, closely coupled with inflammatory infiltration now appear to have a prominent role. Discovery of regulatory and interleukin-17-producing T cells has enabled us to better understand the mechanism by which inflammation and autoimmunity, or autoinflammation, lead to the development of hypertension. Despite achieving considerable progress, the intricate interactions between oxidative stress, the immune system and the development of hypertension remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the pathophysiology of hypertension with a focus on the oxidant stress-autoimmunity-inflammation interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalcin Solak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Baris Afsar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Konya Numune State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Schools of Medicine and Biological Science, University of California Irvine, California, CA, USA
| | - Gamze Aslan
- Department of Cardiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Ege Yalcin
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, 'CI PARHON' University Hospital, and 'Grigore T Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in persons suffering from hypertension with hyperhomocysteinemia. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:606-11. [PMID: 27009577 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is increased in various cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study is to determine whether the NLR is increased in persons suffering from hypertension with hyperhomocysteinemia (HTH). We retrospectively analyzed the results of a large cohort of individuals undergoing health examinations with respect to NLR values, homocysteine (HCY) concentration, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) concentration, glucose concentration, creatinine (Cr) concentration, smoking status, drinking status and blood pressure. When participants were grouped according to the NLR quartiles, there were strong, graded increases in HCY (P<0.001) and the numbers of patients suffering from HTH were up to two-fold higher in the fourth vs. the first quartile. The NLR of the participants suffering from HTH group was significantly higher than the participants suffering from hypertension in the non-HTH group and the normotension group. In an unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis, NLR predicted HTH independently of age, sex, body mass index, smoking, drinking, TG and Cr. The present study demonstrated that the NLR value increased in the HTH group and positively correlated with HCY but not with blood pressure.
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Ates I, Ozkayar N, Ates H, Karakulak UN, Kursun O, Topcuoglu C, Inan B, Yilmaz N. Elevated circulating sST2 associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed primary hypertension. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:513-8. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Luo WM, Kong J, Gong Y, Liu XQ, Yang RX, Zhao YX. Tongxinluo Protects against Hypertensive Kidney Injury in Spontaneously-Hypertensive Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Activating Forkhead Box O1 Signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145130. [PMID: 26673167 PMCID: PMC4686063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an independent risk factor for the progression of chronic renal failure, and oxidative stress plays a critical role in hypertensive renal damage. Forkbox O1(FoxO1) signaling protects cells against oxidative stress and may be a useful target for treating oxidative stress-induced hypertension. Tongxinluo is a traditional Chinese medicine with cardioprotective and renoprotective functions. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of Tongxinluo in hypertensive renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs)and elucidate the possible involvement of oxidative stress and FoxO1 signaling in its molecular mechanisms. SHRs treated with Tongxinluo for 12 weeks showed a reduction in systolic blood pressure. In addition to increasing creatinine clearance, Tongxinluo decreased urinary albumin excretion, oxidative stress injury markers including malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls, and expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits and its activity in SHR kidneys. While decreasing phosphorylation of FoxO1, Tongxinluo also inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 and p38 and enhanced manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in SHR kidneys. Furthermore, histology revealed attenuation of glomerulosclerosis and renal podocyte injury, while Tongxinluo decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, extracellular matrixprotein, transforming growth factor β1 and small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3,and improved tubulointerstitial fibrosis in SHR kidneys. Finally, Tongxinluo inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration as well as expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. In conclusion, Tongxinluo protected SHRs against hypertension-induced renal injury by exerting antioxidant, antifibrotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of these effects may involve inhibition of oxidative stress and functional activation of FoxO1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-min Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Jinan hospital of infectious diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-qiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-xue Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-xia Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Hosohata K, Yoshioka D, Tanaka A, Ando H, Fujimura A. Early urinary biomarkers for renal tubular damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats on a high salt intake. Hypertens Res 2015; 39:19-26. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Övünç Hacıhamdioğlu D, Zeybek C, Gök F, Pekel A, Muşabak U. Elevated Urinary T Helper 1 Chemokine Levels in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Obese Children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2015; 7:175-82. [PMID: 26831550 PMCID: PMC4677551 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that T helper (Th) cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of obesity and anti-hypertensive treatment on urinary Th1 chemokines. METHODS The study groups consisted of three types of patients: hypertensive obese, healthy, and non-hypertensive obese. Pre-treatment and post-treatment samples of the hypertensive obese group and one sample from the other two groups were evaluated for urinary chemokine: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP10), and monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG). In the hypertensive obese group, urine microalbumin: creatinine ratio was examined before and after treatment. We recommended lifestyle changes to all patients. Captopril was started in those who could not be controlled with lifestyle changes and those who had stage 2 hypertension. RESULTS Twenty-four hypertensive obese (mean age 13.1), 27 healthy (mean age 11.2) and 22 non-hypertensive obese (mean age 11.5) children were investigated. The pre-treatment urine albumin: creatinine ratio was positively correlated with pre-treatment MIG levels (r=0.41, p<0.05). RANTES was significantly higher in the pre-treatment hypertensive and non-hypertensive obese group than in the controls. The urinary IP10 and MIG levels were higher in the pre-treatment hypertensive obese group than in the non-hypertensive obese. Comparison of the pre- and post-treatment values indicated significant decreases in RANTES, IP10, and MIG levels in the hypertensive obese group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Th1 cells could be activated in obese hypertensive children before the onset of clinical indicators of target organ damage. Urinary RANTES seemed to be affected by both hypertension and obesity, and urinary IP10 and MIG seemed to be affected predominantly by hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Övünç Hacıhamdioğlu
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, Clinic of Child Health and Diseases, İstanbul, Turkey Phone: +90 216 542 20 20 E-mail:
| | - Cengiz Zeybek
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Faysal Gök
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysel Pekel
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital, Department of Immunology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uğur Muşabak
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital, Department of Immunology, Ankara, Turkey
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TLR4 as a possible key regulator of pathological vascular remodeling by Ang II receptor activation. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:642-3. [PMID: 25994604 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Jiang X, Ning Q. The emerging roles of long noncoding RNAs in common cardiovascular diseases. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:375-9. [PMID: 25762413 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as noncoding RNAs that are longer than ~200 nucleotides and lack protein-encoding capacity. It has been shown that lncRNAs are involved in multiple human diseases by regulating gene expression at various levels. However, studies of lncRNAs in the cardiovascular system are still in their infancy. A growing body of evidence suggests that lncRNAs are also involved in common cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac development, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertension and aneurysms. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of lncRNAs in common cardiovascular diseases in an effort to better elucidate the molecular mechanism of cardiovascular diseases and provide a basis for exploring new therapeutic targets in those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qilan Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Botha S, Fourie CMT, Schutte R, Eugen-Olsen J, Schutte AE. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and hypertension among black South Africans after 5 years. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:439-44. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Felix-Patrício B, Medeiros JL, De Souza DB, Costa WS, Sampaio FJ. Penile Histomorphometrical Evaluation in Hypertensive Rats Treated with Sildenafil or Enalapril Alone or in Combination: A Comparison with Normotensive and Untreated Hypertensive Rats. J Sex Med 2015; 12:39-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dhande I, Ma W, Hussain T. Angiotensin AT2 receptor stimulation is anti-inflammatory in lipopolysaccharide-activated THP-1 macrophages via increased interleukin-10 production. Hypertens Res 2014; 38:21-9. [PMID: 25209104 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages have an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and associated end-organ damage via the activation of the Toll-like receptors, such as Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). Accumulating evidence suggests that the angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) has a protective role in pathological conditions involving inflammation and tissue injury. We have recently shown that AT(2)R stimulation is renoprotective, which occurs in part via increased levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in renal epithelial cells; however, the role of AT(2)R in the inflammatory activity of macrophages is not known. The present study was designed to investigate whether AT(2)R activation stimulates an anti-inflammatory response in TLR4-induced inflammation. The effects of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms that occurred following pre-treatment with the AT(2)R agonist Compound 21 (C21) (1 μmol ml(-1)) on the cytokine profiles of THP-1 macrophages after activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg ml(-1)) were studied. The AT(2)R agonist dose-dependently attenuated LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 production but increased IL-10 production. IL-10 was critical for the anti-inflammatory effects of AT(2)R stimulation because the IL-10-neutralizing antibody dose-dependently abolished the AT(2)R-mediated decrease in TNF-α levels. Further, enhanced IL-10 levels were associated with a sustained, selective increase in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Blocking the activation of ERK1/2 before C21 pre-treatment completely abrogated this increased IL-10 production in response to the AT(2)R agonist C21, while there was a partial reduction in IL-10 levels following the inhibition of p38. We conclude that AT(2)R stimulation exerts a novel anti-inflammatory response in THP-1 macrophages via enhanced IL-10 production as a result of sustained, selective ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which may have protective roles in hypertension and associated tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Dhande
- 1] Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Heart and Kidney Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Wanshu Ma
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Tahir Hussain
- 1] Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Heart and Kidney Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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