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Aggarwal S, Rastogi A, Maiwall R, Sevak JK, Yadav V, Maras J, Thomas SS, Kale PR, Pamecha V, Perumal N, Trehanpati N, Ramakrishna G. Palmitic acid causes hepatocyte inflammation by suppressing the BMAL1-NAD +-SIRT2 axis. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01042-x. [PMID: 39289323 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Palmitic acid is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in circulation and causes hepatocyte toxicity and inflammation. As saturated fatty acid can also disrupt the circadian rhythm, the present work evaluated the connection between clock genes and NAD+ dependent Sirtuins in protecting hepatocytes from lipid-induced damage. Hepatocytes (immortal cells PH5CH8, hepatoma cells HepG2) treated with higher doses of palmitic acid (400-600μM) showed typical features of steatosis accompanied with growth inhibition and increased level of inflammatory markers (IL-6 IL-8, IL-1α and IL-1β) together with decline in NAD+ levels. Palmitic acid treated hepatocytes showed significant decline in not only the protein levels of SIRT2 but also its activity as revealed by the acetylation status of its downstream targets (Tubulin and NF-ƙB). Additionally, the circadian expression of both SIRT2 and BMAL1 was inhibited in presence of palmitic acid in only the non-cancerous hepatocytes, PH5CH8 cells. Clinical specimens obtained from subjects with NASH-associated fibrosis, ranging from absent (F0) to cirrhosis (F4), showed a significant decline in levels of SIRT2 and BMAL1, especially in the cirrhotic liver. Ectopic expression of BMAL1 or activating SIRT2 by supplementation with nicotinamide riboside (precursor of NAD+) dampened the palmitic acid induced lipoinflammation and lipotoxicity more effectively in PH5CH8 cells as compared to HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, palmitic acid caused transcriptional suppression of SIRT2 by disrupting the chromatin occupancy of BMAL1 at its promoter site. Overall, the work suggested that SIRT2 is a clock-controlled gene that is transcriptionally regulated by BMAL1. In conclusion the activation of the BMAL1-NAD+-SIRT2 axis shows hepatoprotective effects by preventing lipotoxicity and dampening inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savera Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Departmentt of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Maiwall
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Jayesh K Sevak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Vipin Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Jaswinder Maras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sherin Sarah Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Pratibha R Kale
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Viniyendra Pamecha
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | - Nirupama Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India.
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2
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Lal H, Verma SK, Wang Y, Xie M, Young ME. Circadian Rhythms in Cardiovascular Metabolism. Circ Res 2024; 134:635-658. [PMID: 38484029 PMCID: PMC10947116 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Energetic demand and nutrient supply fluctuate as a function of time-of-day, in alignment with sleep-wake and fasting-feeding cycles. These daily rhythms are mirrored by 24-hour oscillations in numerous cardiovascular functional parameters, including blood pressure, heart rate, and myocardial contractility. It is, therefore, not surprising that metabolic processes also fluctuate over the course of the day, to ensure temporal needs for ATP, building blocks, and metabolism-based signaling molecules are met. What has become increasingly clear is that in addition to classic signal-response coupling (termed reactionary mechanisms), cardiovascular-relevant cells use autonomous circadian clocks to temporally orchestrate metabolic pathways in preparation for predicted stimuli/stresses (termed anticipatory mechanisms). Here, we review current knowledge regarding circadian regulation of metabolism, how metabolic rhythms are synchronized with cardiovascular function, and whether circadian misalignment/disruption of metabolic processes contribute toward the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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3
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Benjamin JI, Pollock DM. Current perspective on circadian function of the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F438-F459. [PMID: 38134232 PMCID: PMC11207578 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00247.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavior and function of living systems are synchronized by the 24-h rotation of the Earth that guides physiology according to time of day. However, when behavior becomes misaligned from the light-dark cycle, such as in rotating shift work, jet lag, and even unusual eating patterns, adverse health consequences such as cardiovascular or cardiometabolic disease can arise. The discovery of cell-autonomous molecular clocks expanded interest in regulatory systems that control circadian physiology including within the kidney, where function varies along a 24-h cycle. Our understanding of the mechanisms for circadian control of physiology is in the early stages, and so the present review provides an overview of what is known and the many gaps in our current understanding. We include a particular focus on the impact of eating behaviors, especially meal timing. A better understanding of the mechanisms guiding circadian function of the kidney is expected to reveal new insights into causes and consequences of a wide range of disorders involving the kidney, including hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmine I Benjamin
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Engin A. Misalignment of Circadian Rhythms in Diet-Induced Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:27-71. [PMID: 39287848 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The biological clocks of the circadian timing system coordinate cellular and physiological processes and synchronize them with daily cycles. While the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is mainly synchronized by the light/dark cycles, the peripheral clocks react to other stimuli, including the feeding/fasting state, nutrients, sleep-wake cycles, and physical activity. During the disruption of circadian rhythms due to genetic mutations or social and occupational obligations, incorrect arrangement between the internal clock system and environmental rhythms leads to the development of obesity. Desynchronization between the central and peripheral clocks by altered timing of food intake and diet composition leads to uncoupling of the peripheral clocks from the central pacemaker and to the development of metabolic disorders. The strong coupling of the SCN to the light-dark cycle creates a situation of misalignment when food is ingested during the "wrong" time of day. Food-anticipatory activity is mediated by a self-sustained circadian timing, and its principal component is a food-entrainable oscillator. Modifying the time of feeding alone greatly affects body weight, whereas ketogenic diet (KD) influences circadian biology, through the modulation of clock gene expression. Night-eating behavior is one of the causes of circadian disruption, and night eaters have compulsive and uncontrolled eating with severe obesity. By contrast, time-restricted eating (TRE) restores circadian rhythms through maintaining an appropriate daily rhythm of the eating-fasting cycle. The hypothalamus has a crucial role in the regulation of energy balance rather than food intake. While circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) expression levels increase with high-fat diet-induced obesity, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) increases the transcriptional level of brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)-like 1 (BMAL1) in obese subjects. In this context, effective timing of chronotherapies aiming to correct SCN-driven rhythms depends on an accurate assessment of the SCN phase. In fact, in a multi-oscillator system, local rhythmicity and its disruption reflects the disruption of either local clocks or central clocks, thus imposing rhythmicity on those local tissues, whereas misalignment of peripheral oscillators is due to exosome-based intercellular communication.Consequently, disruption of clock genes results in dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity, while light exposure during the daytime, food intake during the daytime, and sleeping during the biological night promote circadian alignment between the central and peripheral clocks. Thus, shift work is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases because of unusual eating times as well as unusual light exposure and disruption of the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Daniels LJ, Kay D, Marjot T, Hodson L, Ray DW. Circadian regulation of liver metabolism: experimental approaches in human, rodent, and cellular models. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1158-C1177. [PMID: 37642240 PMCID: PMC10861179 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00551.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations with approximately a 24-h period that allow organisms to anticipate the change between day and night. Disruptions that desynchronize or misalign circadian rhythms are associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. This review focuses on the liver circadian clock as relevant to the risk of developing metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Many liver functions exhibit rhythmicity. Approximately 40% of the hepatic transcriptome exhibits 24-h rhythms, along with rhythms in protein levels, posttranslational modification, and various metabolites. The liver circadian clock is critical for maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis. Most of the attention in the metabolic field has been directed toward diet, exercise, and rather little to modifiable risks due to circadian misalignment or disruption. Therefore, the aim of this review is to systematically analyze the various approaches that study liver circadian pathways, targeting metabolic liver diseases, such as diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, using human, rodent, and cell biology models.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Over the past decade, there has been an increased interest in understanding the intricate relationship between circadian rhythm and liver metabolism. In this review, we have systematically searched the literature to analyze the various experimental approaches utilizing human, rodent, and in vitro cellular approaches to dissect the link between liver circadian rhythms and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna J Daniels
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Kay
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Cortés-Espinar AJ, Ibarz-Blanch N, Soliz-Rueda JR, Bonafos B, Feillet-Coudray C, Casas F, Bravo FI, Calvo E, Ávila-Román J, Mulero M. Rhythm and ROS: Hepatic Chronotherapeutic Features of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Treatment in Cafeteria Diet-Fed Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1606. [PMID: 37627601 PMCID: PMC10452039 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols play a key role in the modulation of circadian rhythms, while the cafeteria diet (CAF) is able to perturb the hepatic biological rhythm and induce important ROS production. Consequently, we aimed to elucidate whether grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) administration recovers the CAF-induced hepatic antioxidant (AOX) misalignment and characterize the chronotherapeutic properties of GSPE. For this purpose, Fischer 344 rats were fed a standard diet (STD) or a CAF and concomitantly treated with GSPE at two time-points (ZT0 vs. ZT12). Animals were euthanized every 6 h and the diurnal rhythms of hepatic ROS-related biomarkers, hepatic metabolites, and AOX gene expression were examined. Interestingly, GSPE treatment was able to recover the diurnal rhythm lost due to the CAF. Moreover, GSPE treatment also increased the acrophase of Sod1, as well as bringing the peak closer to that of the STD group. GSPE also corrected some hepatic metabolites altered by the CAF. Importantly, the differences observed at ZT0 vs. ZT12 due to the time of GSPE administration highlight a chronotherapeutic profile on the proanthocyanin effect. Finally, GSPE could also reduce diet-induced hepatic oxidative stress not only by its ROS-scavenging properties but also by retraining the circadian rhythm of AOX enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Cortés-Espinar
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.C.-E.); (N.I.-B.); (J.R.S.-R.); (F.I.B.); (E.C.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- DMEM, EMN, UMR 866, INRAe, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (B.B.); (C.F.-C.); (F.C.)
| | - Néstor Ibarz-Blanch
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.C.-E.); (N.I.-B.); (J.R.S.-R.); (F.I.B.); (E.C.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jorge R. Soliz-Rueda
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.C.-E.); (N.I.-B.); (J.R.S.-R.); (F.I.B.); (E.C.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Béatrice Bonafos
- DMEM, EMN, UMR 866, INRAe, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (B.B.); (C.F.-C.); (F.C.)
| | - Christine Feillet-Coudray
- DMEM, EMN, UMR 866, INRAe, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (B.B.); (C.F.-C.); (F.C.)
| | - François Casas
- DMEM, EMN, UMR 866, INRAe, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (B.B.); (C.F.-C.); (F.C.)
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.C.-E.); (N.I.-B.); (J.R.S.-R.); (F.I.B.); (E.C.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.C.-E.); (N.I.-B.); (J.R.S.-R.); (F.I.B.); (E.C.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Molecular and Applied Pharmacology Group (FARMOLAP), Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.C.-E.); (N.I.-B.); (J.R.S.-R.); (F.I.B.); (E.C.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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7
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Joshi K, Das M, Sarma A, Arora MK, SInghal M, Kumar B. Insight on Cardiac Chronobiology and Latest Developments of Chronotherapeutic Antihypertensive Interventions for Better Clinical Outcomes. Curr Hypertens Rev 2023; 19:106-122. [PMID: 36624649 DOI: 10.2174/1573402119666230109142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac circadian rhythms are an important regulator of body functions, including cardiac activities and blood pressure. Disturbance of circadian rhythm is known to trigger and aggravate various cardiovascular diseases. Thus, modulating the circadian rhythm can be used as a therapeutic approach to cardiovascular diseases. Through this work, we intend to discuss the current understanding of cardiac circadian rhythms, in terms of quantifiable parameters like BP and HR. We also elaborate on the molecular regulators and the molecular cascades along with their specific genetic aspects involved in modulating circadian rhythms, with specific reference to cardiovascular health and cardiovascular diseases. Along with this, we also presented the latest pharmacogenomic and metabolomics markers involved in chronobiological control of the cardiovascular system along with their possible utility in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Finally, we reviewed the current expert opinions on chronotherapeutic approaches for utilizing the conventional as well as the new pharmacological molecules for antihypertensive chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Madhubanti Das
- Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, GIPS, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mandeep K Arora
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Manmohan SInghal
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
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8
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Papagerakis S, Said R, Ketabat F, Mahmood R, Pundir M, Lobanova L, Guenther G, Pannone G, Lavender K, McAlpin BR, Moreau A, Chen X, Papagerakis P. When the clock ticks wrong with COVID-19. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e949. [PMID: 36394205 PMCID: PMC9670202 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the coronavirus family that causes the novel coronavirus disease first diagnosed in 2019 (COVID-19). Although many studies have been carried out in recent months to determine why the disease clinical presentations and outcomes can vary significantly from asymptomatic to severe or lethal, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. It is likely that unique individual characteristics can strongly influence the broad disease variability; thus, tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are needed to improve clinical outcomes. The circadian clock is a critical regulatory mechanism orchestrating major physiological and pathological processes. It is generally accepted that more than half of the cell-specific genes in any given organ are under circadian control. Although it is known that a specific role of the circadian clock is to coordinate the immune system's steady-state function and response to infectious threats, the links between the circadian clock and SARS-CoV-2 infection are only now emerging. How inter-individual variability of the circadian profile and its dysregulation may play a role in the differences noted in the COVID-19-related disease presentations, and outcome remains largely underinvestigated. This review summarizes the current evidence on the potential links between circadian clock dysregulation and SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility, disease presentation and progression, and clinical outcomes. Further research in this area may contribute towards novel circadian-centred prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 in the era of precision health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer – Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Department of Surgery, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Division of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical SchoolThe University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Raed Said
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer – Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Department of Surgery, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of DentistryUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Farinaz Ketabat
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer – Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Division of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Razi Mahmood
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer – Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Department of Surgery, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of DentistryUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Meenakshi Pundir
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer – Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Division of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of DentistryUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of DentistryUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Greg Guenther
- Laboratory of Oral, Head and Neck Cancer – Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Clinic and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FoggiaFoggiaItaly
| | - Kerry Lavender
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Blake R. McAlpin
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Alain Moreau
- Viscogliosi Laboratory in Molecular Genetics of Musculoskeletal DiseasesCentre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte‐Justine Research CenterMontrealQuebecCanada,Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité de MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of EngineeringUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada,Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, College of DentistryUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
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Pillon NJ, Sardón Puig L, Altıntaş A, Kamble PG, Casaní-Galdón S, Gabriel BM, Barrès R, Conesa A, Chibalin AV, Näslund E, Krook A, Zierath JR. Palmitate impairs circadian transcriptomics in muscle cells through histone modification of enhancers. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 6:6/1/e202201598. [PMID: 36302651 PMCID: PMC9614702 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and elevated circulating lipids may impair metabolism by disrupting the molecular circadian clock. We tested the hypothesis that lipid overload may interact with the circadian clock and alter the rhythmicity of gene expression through epigenomic mechanisms in skeletal muscle. Palmitate reprogrammed the circadian transcriptome in myotubes without altering the rhythmic mRNA expression of core clock genes. Genes with enhanced cycling in response to palmitate were associated with post-translational modification of histones. The cycling of histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), a marker of active gene enhancers, was modified by palmitate treatment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing confirmed that palmitate exposure altered the cycling of DNA regions associated with H3K27ac. The overlap between mRNA and DNA regions associated with H3K27ac and the pharmacological inhibition of histone acetyltransferases revealed novel cycling genes associated with lipid exposure of primary human myotubes. Palmitate exposure disrupts transcriptomic rhythmicity and modifies enhancers through changes in histone H3K27 acetylation in a circadian manner. Thus, histone acetylation is responsive to lipid overload and may redirect the circadian chromatin landscape, leading to the reprogramming of circadian genes and pathways involved in lipid biosynthesis in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Sardón Puig
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Altıntaş
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Brendan M Gabriel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Conesa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Soliman RH, Jin C, Taylor CM, Moura Coelho da Silva E, Pollock DM. Sex Differences in Diurnal Sodium Handling During Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. Hypertension 2022; 79:1395-1408. [PMID: 35545941 PMCID: PMC9186154 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence over the past several years suggests that diurnal control of sodium excretion is sex dependent and involves the renal endothelin system. Given recent awareness of disruptions of circadian function in obesity, we determined whether diet-induced obesity impairs renal handling of an acute salt load at different times of day and whether this varies by sex and is associated with renal endothelin dysfunction. METHODS Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a high-fat diet for 8 weeks before assessing renal sodium handling and blood pressure. RESULTS Male, but not female, rats on high fat had a significantly reduced natriuretic response to acute NaCl injection at the beginning of their active period that was associated with lower endothelin 1 (ET-1) excretion, lower ET-1 mRNA expression in the cortex and outer medulla as well as lower ETB receptor expression in the outer medulla of the high-fat rats. Obese males also had significantly higher blood pressure (telemetry) that was exacerbated by adding high salt to the diet during the last 2 weeks. While female rats developed hypertension with a high-fat diet, they were not salt sensitive and ET-1 excretion was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS These data identify diet-induced obesity as a sex-specific disruptive factor for maintaining proper sodium handling. Although high-fat diets induce hypertension in both sexes, these data reveal that males are at greater risk of salt-dependent hypertension and further suggest that females have more redundant systems that can be productive against salt-sensitive hypertension in at least some circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham H. Soliman
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Chunhua Jin
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Crystal M. Taylor
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Emile Moura Coelho da Silva
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - David M. Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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11
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Constantino DB, Xavier NB, Levandovski R, Roenneberg T, Hidalgo MP, Pilz LK. Relationship Between Circadian Strain, Light Exposure, and Body Mass Index in Rural and Urban Quilombola Communities. Front Physiol 2022; 12:773969. [PMID: 35153809 PMCID: PMC8826472 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.773969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrialization has greatly changed human lifestyle; work and leisure activities have been moved indoors, and artificial light has been used to illuminate the night. As cyclic environmental cues such as light and feeding become weak and/or irregular, endogenous circadian systems are increasingly being disrupted. These disruptions are associated with metabolic dysfunction, possibly contributing to increased rates of overweight and obesity worldwide. Here, we aimed to investigate how activity-rest rhythms, patterns of light exposure, and levels of urbanization may be associated with body mass index (BMI) in a sample of rural and urban Quilombola communities in southern Brazil. These are characterized as remaining social groups who resisted the slavery regime that prevailed in Brazil. Quilombola communities were classified into five groups according to their stage of urbanization: from rural areas with no access to electricity to highly urbanized communities. We collected anthropometric data to calculate BMI, which was categorized as follows: from ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 to < 25 kg/m2 = normal weight; from ≥ 25 kg/m2 to < 30 kg/m2 = overweight; and ≥ 30 kg/m2 = obese. Subjects were asked about their sleep routines and light exposure on workdays and work-free days using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (N = 244 included). In addition, we analyzed actimetry data from 121 participants with seven consecutive days of recordings. Living in more urbanized areas and higher intradaily variability (IV) of activity-rest rhythms were associated with an increased risk of belonging to the overweight or obese group, when controlling for age and sex. These findings are consistent with preclinical data and point to potential strategies in obesity prevention and promotion of healthy metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Barroggi Constantino
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Program (PPG) em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nicoli Bertuol Xavier
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Program (PPG) em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosa Levandovski
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Program (PPG) Avaliação e Produção de Tecnologias para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Program (PPG) Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology - Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Program (PPG) em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luísa K Pilz
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Program (PPG) em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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A Growing Link between Circadian Rhythms, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010504. [PMID: 35008933 PMCID: PMC8745289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mounting evidence suggests the emerging important role of circadian rhythms in many diseases. Circadian rhythm disruption is considered to contribute to both T2DM and AD. Here, we review the relationship among circadian rhythm disruption, T2DM and AD, and suggest that the occurrence and progression of T2DM and AD may in part be associated with circadian disruption. Then, we summarize the promising therapeutic strategies targeting circadian dysfunction for T2DM and AD, including pharmacological treatment such as melatonin, orexin, and circadian molecules, as well as non-pharmacological treatments like light therapy, feeding behavior, and exercise.
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13
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Healy KL, Morris AR, Liu AC. Circadian Synchrony: Sleep, Nutrition, and Physical Activity. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 1:732243. [PMID: 35156088 PMCID: PMC8830366 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2021.732243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock in mammals regulates the sleep/wake cycle and many associated behavioral and physiological processes. The cellular clock mechanism involves a transcriptional negative feedback loop that gives rise to circadian rhythms in gene expression with an approximately 24-h periodicity. To maintain system robustness, clocks throughout the body must be synchronized and their functions coordinated. In mammals, the master clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN is entrained to the light/dark cycle through photic signal transduction and subsequent induction of core clock gene expression. The SCN in turn relays the time-of-day information to clocks in peripheral tissues. While the SCN is highly responsive to photic cues, peripheral clocks are more sensitive to non-photic resetting cues such as nutrients, body temperature, and neuroendocrine hormones. For example, feeding/fasting and physical activity can entrain peripheral clocks through signaling pathways and subsequent regulation of core clock genes and proteins. As such, timing of food intake and physical activity matters. In an ideal world, the sleep/wake and feeding/fasting cycles are synchronized to the light/dark cycle. However, asynchronous environmental cues, such as those experienced by shift workers and frequent travelers, often lead to misalignment between the master and peripheral clocks. Emerging evidence suggests that the resulting circadian disruption is associated with various diseases and chronic conditions that cause further circadian desynchrony and accelerate disease progression. In this review, we discuss how sleep, nutrition, and physical activity synchronize circadian clocks and how chronomedicine may offer novel strategies for disease intervention.
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14
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Goh GH, Mark PJ, Blache D, Binks D, Parsons R, Rawashdeh O, Maloney SK. Diet-altered body temperature rhythms are associated with altered rhythms of clock gene expression in peripheral tissues in vivo. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:102983. [PMID: 34503769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Temperature rhythms can act as potent signals for the modulation of the amplitude and phase of clock gene expression in peripheral organs in vitro, but the relevance of the circadian rhythm of core body temperature (Tc) as a modulating signal in vivo has not yet been investigated. Using calorie restriction and cafeteria feeding, we induced a larger and a dampened Tc amplitude, respectively, in male Wistar rats, and investigated the circadian expression profile of the core clock genes Bmal1, Per2, Cry1, and Rev-erbα, the heat-responsive genes heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and cold-inducible RNA binding protein (Cirbp), and Pgc1α, Pparα/γ/δ, Glut1/4, and Chop10 in the liver, skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), and adrenal glands. Diet-altered Tc rhythms differentially affected the profiles of clock genes, Hsp90, and Cirbp expression in peripheral tissues. Greater Tc amplitudes elicited by calorie restriction were associated with large amplitudes of Hsp90 and Cirbp expression in the liver and WAT, in which larger amplitudes of clock gene expression were also observed. The amplitudes of metabolic gene expression were greater in the WAT, but not in the liver, in calorie-restricted rats. Conversely, diet-altered Tc rhythms were not translated to distinct changes in the amplitude of Hsp90, Cirbp, or clock or metabolic genes in the skeletal muscle or adrenal glands. While it was not possible to disentangle the effects of diet and temperature in this model, taken together with previous in vitro studies, our study presents novel data consistent with the notion that the circadian Tc rhythm can modulate the amplitude of circadian gene expression in vivo. The different responses of Hsp90 and Cirbp in peripheral tissues may be linked to the tissue-specific responses of peripheral clocks to diet and/or body temperature rhythms, but the association with the amplitude of metabolic gene expression is limited to the WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Goh
- School of Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.
| | - Peter J Mark
- School of Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel Binks
- School of Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Rex Parsons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shane K Maloney
- School of Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
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15
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Joshi A, Upadhyay KK, Vohra A, Shirsath K, Devkar R. Melatonin induces Nrf2-HO-1 reprogramming and corrections in hepatic core clock oscillations in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21803. [PMID: 34365685 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002556rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin pleiotropically regulates physiological events and has a putative regulatory role in the circadian clock desynchrony-mediated Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated perturbations in the hepatic circadian clock gene, and Nrf2-HO-1 oscillations in conditions of high-fat high fructose (HFHF) diet and/or jet lag (JL)-mediated NAFLD. Melatonin treatment (100 µM) to HepG2 cells led to an improvement in oscillatory pattern of clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, and Per) in oleic acid (OA)-induced circadian desynchrony, while Cry, Nrf2, and HO-1 remain oblivious of melatonin treatment that was also validated by circwave analysis. C57BL/6J mice subjected to HFHF and/or JL, and treated with melatonin showed an improvement in the profile of lipid regulatory genes (CPT-1, PPARa, and SREBP-1c), liver function (AST and ALT) and histomorphology of fatty liver. A detailed scrutiny revealed that hepatic mRNA and protein profiles of Bmal1 (at ZT6) and Clock (at ZT12) underwent corrective changes in oscillations, but moderate corrections were recorded in other components of clock genes (Per1, Per2, and Cry2). Melatonin induced changes in oscillations of anti-oxidant genes (Nrf2, HO-1, and Keap1) subtly contributed in the overall improvement in NAFLD recorded herein. Taken together, melatonin induced reprograming of hepatic core clock and Nrf2-HO-1 genes leads to an improvement in HFHF/JL-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Joshi
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Kapil K Upadhyay
- Department of Internal medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aliasgar Vohra
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Kavita Shirsath
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Ranjitsinh Devkar
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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16
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Arellanes-Licea EDC, Pérez-Mendoza M, Carmona-Castro A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Miranda-Anaya M. Obese Neotomodon alstoni mice exhibit sexual dimorphism in the daily profile of circulating melatonin and clock proteins PER1 and BMAL1 in the hypothalamus and peripheral oscillators. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:584-597. [PMID: 33393371 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1860999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health threat and a risk factor for several metabolic conditions. Though circadian dysfunction has been considered among the multiple causes of obesity, little work has been done to explore the relationship between obesity, circadian dysfunction, and sexual dimorphism. The Neotomodon alstoni mouse is a suitable model for such research. This study employed N. alstoni mice in a chronobiological analysis to determine whether there is circadian desynchronization of relative PER1 and BMAL1 protein levels in the hypothalamus, liver, visceral white adipose tissue, kidney, and heart. It also compared differences between sexes and lean and obese N. alstoni adult mice, by recording behavior and daily circulating serum melatonin as markers of circadian output. We found that obese mice display reduced locomotor activity. Additionally, Cosinor analyses of the relative expression of PER1 and BMAL1 show differences between lean and obese mice in a sex-linked manner. The PER1 24 h rhythm was absent in all tissues of obese males and significant in the tissues of obese females. The BMAL1 24 h rhythm also was significant in most of the tissues tested in lean males, whereas it was significant and shifted the acrophase (peak time of rhythm) in most of the tissues in obese females. Both lean male and female mice showed a rhythmic 24 h pattern of circulating serum melatonin. This daily profile was not only absent in obese mice of both sexes but showed sexual dimorphism. Obese male mice showed lower circulating levels of melatonin compared to lean male mice, but they were higher in obese females compared to lean females. Our results suggest that obesity in N. alstoni is associated with an internal circadian desynchronization in a sex-dependent manner. Overall, this study reinforces the need for further research on the neuroendocrinology of obesity and circadian rhythms using this biological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Del Carmen Arellanes-Licea
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Moisés Pérez-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Agustín Carmona-Castro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Manuel Miranda-Anaya
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
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17
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Eat, Train, Sleep-Retreat? Hormonal Interactions of Intermittent Fasting, Exercise and Circadian Rhythm. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040516. [PMID: 33808424 PMCID: PMC8065500 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythmicity of endogenous metabolic and hormonal processes is controlled by a complex system of central and peripheral pacemakers, influenced by exogenous factors like light/dark-cycles, nutrition and exercise timing. There is evidence that alterations in this system may be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. It has been shown that disruptions to normal diurnal rhythms lead to drastic changes in circadian processes, as often seen in modern society due to excessive exposure to unnatural light sources. Out of that, research has focused on time-restricted feeding and exercise, as both seem to be able to reset disruptions in circadian pacemakers. Based on these results and personal physical goals, optimal time periods for food intake and exercise have been identified. This review shows that appropriate nutrition and exercise timing are powerful tools to support, rather than not disturb, the circadian rhythm and potentially contribute to the prevention of metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, both lifestyle interventions are unable to address the real issue: the misalignment of our biological with our social time.
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18
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Li D, Ikaga R, Ogawa H, Yamazaki T. Different expressions of clock genes in fatty liver induced by high-sucrose and high-fat diets. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:762-778. [PMID: 33612041 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1889579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose consumption can cause obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is associated with the disruption of circadian rhythms. We compared the alterations in NAFLD circadian rhythms induced by a high-sucrose diet (HSD) with those induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. After 8 weeks of feeding, the liver triglyceride level was increased by HSD feeding and by HFD feeding. In the liver of HSD-fed mice, the amplitude of Rorγ and the mesor (time series 24 h mean value based on the distribution of values across the cycle of the circadian rhythm) of Rorγ and Per2 were increased in comparison to those of control-diet fed mice. Compared with the HFD-fed mice, the HSD-fed mice showed increased circadian amplitude of variation in Rorγ, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2 and mesors of Rorγ, Per2, and Cry1 in the liver. Rorγ appeared to play critical roles in the entrainment of HSD into the liver circadian system, and the increased expressions of Crys and Per2 might disrupt circadian rhythms. Thus, disruption of circadian rhythms by HSD and HFD may accelerate the accumulation of liver lipid through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Li
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.,The Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Ikaga
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- The Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, and Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamazaki
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Zhao Z, Yin L, Wu F, Tong X. Hepatic metabolic regulation by nuclear factor E4BP4. J Mol Endocrinol 2021; 66:R15-R21. [PMID: 33434146 PMCID: PMC7808567 DOI: 10.1530/jme-20-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Discovered as a b-ZIP transcription repressor 30 years ago, E4 promoter-binding protein 4 (E4BP4) has been shown to play critical roles in immunity, circadian rhythms, and cancer progression. Recent research has highlighted E4BP4 as a novel regulator of metabolisms in various tissues. In this review, we focus on the function and mechanisms of hepatic E4BP4 in regulating lipid and glucose homeostasis, bile metabolism, as well as xenobiotic metabolism. Finally, E4BP4-specific targets will be discussed for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China 211198
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China 211198
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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20
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Cheng WY, Lam KL, Pik-Shan Kong A, Chi-Keung Cheung P. Prebiotic supplementation (beta-glucan and inulin) attenuates circadian misalignment induced by shifted light-dark cycle in mice by modulating circadian gene expression. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109437. [PMID: 33233118 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm governs multiple behavioural and physiological processes and its disruption is closely associated with various pathological conditions. In this study, the effects of dietary intervention by prebiotics including beta-glucan and inulin on attenuating circadian desynchrony in C57BL/6J mice subjected to weekly shifted light-dark cycle under a high fat diet was investigated. Using RT-qPCR and rhythmicity analysis, our study revealed that beta-glucan (0.2 g/day) and inulin (0.2 g/day) modulated the expression and phase of circadian-clock genes, explicitly reversed the phase delay of Period 1 and Period 3 in the hypothalamus, and reversed the phase delay of Period 2 in the liver of the mice. In the shifted mouse group, inulin also exhibited its reversal effects on the phase advance of Brain and muscle-Arnt-like 1 in the hypothalamus. These findings indicated that prebiotic supplementation can be a novel dietary approach for attenuating circadian misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yin Cheng
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Science Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ka-Lung Lam
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Science Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Alice Pik-Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Peter Chi-Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Science Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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21
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Does a high-fat diet affect the circadian clock, or is it the other way around? A systematic review. Nutr Res 2020; 84:1-13. [PMID: 33213889 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews studies that addressed the influence of diet on circadian rhythmicity in mice and, in turn, circadian clock chronodisruption and its role in the development of metabolic disorders. Studies from the past 14 years were selected via a systematic search conducted using the PubMed electronic database. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 291 studies were selected, of which 13 were chosen using the following inclusion criteria: use of a high-fat diet for mice, evaluation of clock gene expression, and the association between chronodisruption and lipid metabolism disorders. These studies reported changes in animals' biological clock when they developed metabolic disorders by consuming a high-fat diet. It was also evident that some clock gene mutations or deletions triggered metabolic changes. Disturbances of clock gene machinery may play important roles in lipid metabolism and the development of atherosclerotic processes. However, many metabolic processes also affect the function of clock genes and circadian systems. In summary, this review's results may provide new insights into the reciprocal regulation of energy homeostasis and the biological clock.
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22
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms are biological systems that synchronize cellular circadian oscillators with the organism's daily feeding-fasting or rest-activity cycles in mammals. Circadian rhythms regulate nutrient absorption and utilization at the cellular level and are closely related to obesity and metabolic disorders. Bile acids are important modulators that facilitate nutrient absorption and regulate energy metabolism. Here, we provide an overview of the current connections and future perspectives between the circadian clock and bile acid metabolism as well as related metabolic diseases. Feeding and fasting cycles influence bile acid pool size and composition, and bile acid signaling can respond to acute lipid and glucose utilization and mediate energy balance. Disruption of circadian rhythms such as shift work, irregular diet, and gene mutations can contribute to altered bile acid metabolism and heighten obesity risk. High-fat diets, alcohol, and gene mutations related to bile acid signaling result in desynchronized circadian rhythms. Gut microbiome also plays a role in connecting circadian rhythms with bile acid metabolism. The underlying mechanism of how circadian rhythms interact with bile acid metabolism has not been fully explored. Sustaining bile acid homeostasis based on circadian rhythms may be a potential therapy to alleviate metabolic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Li Y, Ma J, Yao K, Su W, Tan B, Wu X, Huang X, Li T, Yin Y, Tosini G, Yin J. Circadian rhythms and obesity: Timekeeping governs lipid metabolism. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12682. [PMID: 32656907 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Almost all living organisms have evolved autoregulatory transcriptional-translational feedback loops that produce oscillations with a period of approximately 24-h. These endogenous time keeping mechanisms are called circadian clocks. The main function of these circadian clocks is to drive overt circadian rhythms in the physiology of the organisms to ensure that main physiological functions are in synchrony with the external environment. Disruption of circadian rhythms caused by genetic or environmental factors has long-term consequences for metabolic health. Of relevance, host circadian rhythmicity and lipid metabolism are increasingly recognized to cross-regulate and the circadian clock-lipid metabolism interplay may involve in the development of obesity. Multiple systemic and molecular mechanisms, such as hormones (ie, melatonin, leptin, and glucocorticoid), the gut microbiome, and energy metabolism, link the circadian clock and lipid metabolism, and predictably, the deregulation of circadian clock-lipid metabolism interplay can increase the risk of obesity, which in turn may exacerbate circadian disorganization. Feeding time and dietary nutrients are two of key environmental Zeitgebers affecting the circadian rhythm-lipid metabolism interplay, and the influencing mechanisms in obesity development are highlighted in this review. Together, the characterization of the clock machinery in lipid metabolism aimed at producing a healthy circadian lifestyle may improve obesity care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxuan Su
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Yamamuro D, Takahashi M, Nagashima S, Wakabayashi T, Yamazaki H, Takei A, Takei S, Sakai K, Ebihara K, Iwasaki Y, Yada T, Ishibashi S. Peripheral circadian rhythms in the liver and white adipose tissue of mice are attenuated by constant light and restored by time-restricted feeding. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234439. [PMID: 32530967 PMCID: PMC7292356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of circadian rhythms underlies various metabolic diseases. Constant light exposure (LL) is known to disrupt both central and peripheral circadian rhythms. Here, we attempted to determine whether the effects of LL are different between various peripheral tissues and whether time-restricted feeding restores the circadian rhythms especially in white adipose tissue (WAT). Six-week-old mice were subjected to three feeding regimes: ad libitum feeding under light/dark phase (LD), ad libitum feeding under LL cycle, and restricted feeding at night-time under LL cycle with a normal chow. After 3 weeks, we compared body weight, food intake, plasma levels of lipids and glucose, and the expression patterns of the clock genes and the genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver and WAT. The mice kept under LL with or without time-restricted feeding were 5.2% heavier (p<0.001, n = 16) than the mice kept under LD even though the food intakes of the two groups were the same. Food intake occurred mostly in the dark phase. LL disrupted this pattern, causing disruptions in circadian rhythms of plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) and glucose. Time-restricted feeding partially restored the rhythms. LL eliminated the circadian rhythms of the expression of the clock genes as well as most of the genes involved in lipid metabolism in both liver and WAT. More notably, LL markedly decreased not only the amplitude but also the average levels of the expression of the genes in the liver, but not in the WAT, suggesting that transcription in the liver is sensitive to constant light exposure. Time-restricted feeding restored the circadian rhythms of most of the genes to various degrees in both liver and WAT. In conclusion, LL disrupted the peripheral circadian rhythms more severely in liver than in WAT. Time-restricted feeding restored the circadian rhythms in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamamuro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Manabu Takahashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nagashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Wakabayashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hisataka Yamazaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihito Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shoko Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kent Sakai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Gawlińska K, Gawliński D, Filip M, Przegaliński E. Relationship of maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation to offspring health. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:709-725. [PMID: 32447401 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A balanced maternal diet is essential for proper fetal development, and the consumption of a nutritionally inadequate diet during intrauterine development and early childhood is associated with a significantly increased risk of metabolic and brain disorders in offspring. The current literature indicates that maternal exposure to a high-fat diet exerts an irreversible influence on the general health of the offspring. This review of preclinical research examines the relationship between a maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy or lactation and metabolic changes, molecular alterations in the brain, and behavioral disorders in offspring. Animal models indicate that offspring exposed to a maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation manifest increased depressive-like and aggressive behaviors, reduced cognitive development, and symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Recently, epigenetic and molecular studies have shown that maternal nutrition during pregnancy and the suckling period modifies the development of neurotransmitter circuits and many other factors important to central nervous system development. This finding confirms the importance of a balanced maternal diet for the health of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Gawlińska
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dawid Gawliński
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edmund Przegaliński
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Ding L, Xiao XH. Gut microbiota: closely tied to the regulation of circadian clock in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:817-825. [PMID: 32106122 PMCID: PMC7147650 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a worldwide epidemic disease, has caused tremendous economic and social burden, but the pathogenesis remains uncertain. Nowadays, the impact of unrhythmic circadian clock caused by irregular sleep and unhealthy diet on T2DM has be increasingly studied. However, the contribution of the endogenous circadian clock system to the development of T2DM has not yet been satisfactorily explored. It is now becoming clear that the gut microbiota and the circadian clock interact with each other to regulate the host metabolism. Considering all these above, we reviewed the literature related to the gut microbiota, circadian clock, and T2DM to elucidate the idea that the gut microbiota is closely tied to the regulation of the circadian clock in the development of T2DM, which provides potential for gut microbiota-directed therapies to ameliorate the effects of circadian disruptions linked to the occurrence and development of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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27
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Crosstalk Among Circadian Rhythm, Obesity and Allergy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051884. [PMID: 32164209 PMCID: PMC7084300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock system works not only as a cellular time-keeper but also as a coordinator for almost all physiological functions essential to maintaining human health. Therefore, disruptions or malfunctions of this system can cause many diseases and pre-symptomatic conditions. Indeed, previous studies have indicated that disrupted clock gene expression rhythm is closely related to obesity, and that allergic diseases can be regulated by controlling peripheral clocks in organs and tissues. Moreover, recent studies have found that obesity can lead to immune disorders. Accordingly, in this review, we assess the connection between obesity and allergy from the point of view of the circadian clock system anew and summarize the relationships among the circadian clock system, obesity, and allergy.
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You MM, Liu YC, Chen YF, Pan YM, Miao ZN, Shi YZ, Si JJ, Chen ML, Hu FL. Royal jelly attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating the expression of circadian genes in ovariectomized rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13138. [PMID: 31894585 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a high incidence in postmenopausal women and is accompanied by insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Royal jelly (RJ), a natural substance derived from hive, possesses numerous health-beneficial properties. Here, we evaluated the effects of RJ (150, 300, and 450 mg kg-1 day-1 , 8 weeks) on NAFLD in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Based on the results, RJ ameliorated the degree of anxiety, improved serum lipid profile, and attenuated the hepatic steatosis and liver injury in OVX rats. Furthermore, the protective effects of RJ could be attributed to its antioxidant properties, which enhance the levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes. The qRT-PCR results also suggest that RJ improves the disturbances of circadian genes by downregulating their expression, including that of Per1 and Per 2, in the liver of OVX rats. Altogether, our findings suggest that RJ may be a promising agent for the treatment of NAFLD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of NAFLD. Currently, there are no licensed therapies for NAFLD. Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is reported to inhibit the development of NAFLD, it causes unexpected adverse effects. As HRT is controversial, the use of natural supplements to counteract the detrimental effects of menopause has recently attracted more attention. RJ is a natural product secreted from the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of worker bees. The present study illustrates the protective effect of the natural product, RJ, and its underlying mechanisms on NAFLD. This is the first study to assess the effect of RJ on NAFLD under estrogen deficiency. Such findings contribute to the further utilization of RJ, which might serve as a promising therapeutic option and natural food for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chen Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ming Pan
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Ning Miao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan-Juan Si
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Li Chen
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Liang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Tal Y, Chapnik N, Froy O. Non-obesogenic doses of palmitate disrupt circadian metabolism in adipocytes. Adipocyte 2019; 8:392-400. [PMID: 31791161 PMCID: PMC6948973 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1698791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids, such as palmitate, lead to circadian disruption. We aimed at studying the effect of low doses of palmitate on circadian metabolism and to decipher the mechanism by which fatty acids convey their effect in adipocytes. Mice were fed non-obesogenic doses of palm or olive oil and adipocytes were treated with palmitate and oleate. Cultured adipocytes treated with oleate showed increased AMPK activity and induced the expression of mitochondrial genes indicating increased fatty acid oxidation, while palmitate increased ACC activity and induced the expression of lipogenic genes, indicating increased fatty acid synthesis. Low doses of palmitate were sufficient to alter circadian rhythms, due to changes in the expression and/or activity of key metabolic proteins including GSK3β and AKT. Palmitate-induced AKT and GSK3β activation led to the phosphorylation of BMAL1 that resulted in low levels as well as high amplitude of circadian clock expression. In adipocytes, the detrimental metabolic alteration of palmitate manifests itself early on even at non-obesogenic levels. This is accompanied by modulating BMAL1 expression and phosphorylation levels, which lead to dampened clock gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Tal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nava Chapnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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30
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Goni L, Sun D, Heianza Y, Wang T, Huang T, Martínez JA, Shang X, Bray GA, Smith SR, Sacks FM, Qi L. A circadian rhythm-related MTNR1B genetic variant modulates the effect of weight-loss diets on changes in adiposity and body composition: the POUNDS Lost trial. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:1381-1389. [PMID: 29516223 PMCID: PMC6128782 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A common variant of the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) gene has been related to increased signaling of melatonin, a hormone previously associated with body fatness mainly through effects on energy metabolism. We examined whether the MTNR1B variant affects changes of body fatness and composition in response to a dietary weight loss intervention. METHODS The MTNR1B rs10830963 variant was genotyped for 722 overweight and obese individuals, who were randomly assigned to one of four diets varying in macronutrient composition. Anthropometric and body composition measurements (DXA scan) were collected at baseline and at 6 and 24 months of follow-up. RESULTS Statistically significant interactions were observed between the MTNR1B genotype and low-/high-fat diet on changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and total body fat (p interaction = 0.01, 0.02, 0.002 and 0.04, respectively), at 6 months of dietary intervention. In the low-fat diet group, increasing number of the sleep disruption-related G allele was significantly associated with a decrease in weight (p = 0.004), BMI (p = 0.005) and WC (p = 0.001). In the high-fat diet group, carrying the G allele was positively associated with changes in body fat (p = 0.03). At 2 years, the associations remained statistically significant for changes in body weight (p = 0.02), BMI (p = 0.02) and WC (p = 0.048) in the low-fat diet group, although the gene-diet interaction became less significant. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that carriers of the G allele of the MTNR1B rs10830963 may have a greater improvement in body adiposity and fat distribution when eating a low-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Epidemiology Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Xiaoyun Shang
- Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Steven R Smith
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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31
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Tal Y, Chapnik N, Froy O. Non-obesogenic doses of fatty acids modulate the functionality of the circadian clock in the liver. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1795-1806. [PMID: 30694347 PMCID: PMC11105771 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids, such as palmitate, lead to circadian disruption in cell culture. Moreover, information regarding the effects of unsaturated fatty acids on circadian parameters is scarce. We aimed at studying the effects of low doses of saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids on circadian metabolism in vivo and at deciphering the mechanism by which fatty acids convey their effect. Mice were fed non-obesogenic doses of palm or olive oil and hepatocytes were treated with palmitate and oleate. Mice fed non-obesogenic doses of palm oil showed increased signaling towards fatty acid synthesis, while olive oil increased signaling towards fatty acid oxidation. Low doses of palmitate and oleate were sufficient to alter circadian rhythms, due to changes in the expression and/or activity of key metabolic proteins. Palmitate, but not oleate, counteracted the reduction in lipid accumulation and BMAL1-induced expression of mitochondrial genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Palmitate was also found to interfere with the transcriptional activity of CLOCK:BMAL1 by preventing BMAL1 deacetylation and activation. In addition, palmitate, but not oleate, reduced PER2-mediated transcriptional activation and increased REV-ERBα-mediated transcriptional inhibition of Bmal1. The inhibition of PER2-mediated transcriptional activation by palmitate was achieved by interfering with PER2 nuclear translocation. Indeed, PER2 reduced fat accumulation in hepatocytes and this reduction was prevented by palmitate. Herein, we show that the detrimental metabolic alteration seen with high doses of palmitate manifests itself early on even with non-obesogenic levels. This is achieved by modulating BMAL1 at several levels abrogating its activity and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Tal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nava Chapnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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32
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Crew RC, Mark PJ, Waddell BJ. Obesity Disrupts Rhythmic Clock Gene Expression in Maternal Adipose Tissue during Rat Pregnancy. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 33:289-301. [PMID: 29761750 DOI: 10.1177/0748730418772499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity during pregnancy causes numerous maternal and fetal health complications, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity has previously been linked to disruption of the intrinsic adipose clock gene network that is crucial for normal metabolic function. This adipose clock also undergoes major change as part of the maternal metabolic adaptation to pregnancy, but whether this is affected by maternal obesity is unknown. Consequently, in this study we tested the hypothesis that obesity disturbs rhythmic gene expression in maternal adipose tissue across pregnancy. A rat model of maternal obesity was established by cafeteria (CAF) feeding, and adipose expression of clock genes and associated nuclear receptors ( Ppars and Pgc1α) was measured across days 15-16 and 21-22 of gestation (term = 23 days). CAF feeding suppressed the mesor and/or amplitude of adipose tissue clock genes (most notably Bmal1, Per2, and Rev-erbα) relative to chow-fed controls (CON) across both days of gestation. On day 15, the CAF diet also induced adipose Pparα, Pparδ, and Pgc1α rhythmicity but repressed that of Pparγ, while expression of Pparα, Pparδ, and Pgc1α was reduced at select time points. CAF mothers were hyperleptinemic at both stages of gestation, and at day 21 this effect was time-of-day dependent. Fetal plasma leptin exhibited clear rhythmicity, albeit with low amplitude, but interestingly these levels were unaffected by CAF feeding. Our data show that maternal obesity disrupts rhythmic expression of clock and metabolic genes in maternal adipose tissue and leads to maternal but not fetal hyperleptinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael C Crew
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Mark
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan J Waddell
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Zhou L, Kang L, Xiao X, Jia L, Zhang Q, Deng M. "Gut Microbiota-Circadian Clock Axis" in Deciphering the Mechanism Linking Early-Life Nutritional Environment and Abnormal Glucose Metabolism. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:5893028. [PMID: 31534453 PMCID: PMC6732598 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5893028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasing dramatically worldwide, but the pathogenesis is still unknown. A growing amount of evidence suggests that an abnormal developmental environment in early life increases the risk of developing metabolic diseases in adult life, which is referred to as the "metabolic memory" and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. The mechanism of "metabolic memory" has become a hot topic in the field of DM worldwide and could be a key to understanding the pathogenesis of DM. In recent years, several large cohort studies have shown that shift workers have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and worse control of blood glucose levels. Furthermore, a maternal high-fat diet could lead to metabolic disorders and abnormal expression of clock genes and clock-controlled genes in offspring. Thus, disorders of circadian rhythm might play a pivotal role in glucose metabolic disturbances, especially in terms of early adverse nutritional environments and the development of metabolic diseases in later life. In addition, as a peripheral clock, the gut microbiota has its own circadian rhythm that fluctuates with periodic feeding and has been widely recognized for its significant role in metabolism. In light of the important roles of the gut microbiota and circadian clock in metabolic health and their interconnected regulatory relationship, we propose that the "gut microbiota-circadian clock axis" might be a novel and crucial mechanism to decipher "metabolic memory." The "gut microbiota-circadian clock axis" is expected to facilitate the future development of a novel target for the prevention and intervention of diabetes during the early stage of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Role of the Circadian Clock in the Metabolic Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:3187-3206. [PMID: 30121811 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in industrialized nations and is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD continues to rise along with the epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic homeostasis is linked to the circadian clock (rhythm), with multiple signaling pathways in organs regulated by circadian clock genes, and recent studies of circadian clock gene functions suggest that disruption of the circadian rhythm is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, including the metabolic syndrome. In the industrialized world, various human behaviors and activities such as work and eating patterns, jet lag, and sleep deprivation interfere with the circadian rhythm, leading to perturbations in metabolism and development of the metabolic syndrome. In this review, we discuss how disruption of the circadian rhythm is associated with various metabolic conditions that comprise the metabolic syndrome and NAFLD.
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AMPK activation negatively regulates GDAP1, which influences metabolic processes and circadian gene expression in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2018; 16:12-23. [PMID: 30093355 PMCID: PMC6157647 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We sought to identify AMPK-regulated genes via bioinformatic analysis of microarray data generated from skeletal muscle of animal models with genetically altered AMPK activity. We hypothesized that such genes would play a role in metabolism. Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1), a gene which plays a role in mitochondrial fission and peroxisomal function in neuronal cells but whose function in skeletal muscle is undescribed, was identified and further validated. AMPK activation reduced GDAP1 expression in skeletal muscle. GDAP1 expression was elevated in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetic patients but decreased after acute exercise. Methods The metabolic impact of GDAP1 silencing was determined in primary skeletal muscle cells via siRNA-transfections. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize whether silencing GDAP1 impacted mitochondrial network morphology and membrane potential. Results GDAP1 silencing increased mitochondrial protein abundance, decreased palmitate oxidation, and decreased non-mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondrial morphology was unaltered by GDAP1 silencing. GDAP1 silencing and treatment of cells with AMPK agonists altered several genes in the core molecular clock machinery. Conclusion We describe a role for GDAP1 in regulating mitochondrial proteins, circadian genes, and metabolic flux in skeletal muscle. Collectively, our results implicate GDAP1 in the circadian control of metabolism. Transcriptomic studies reveal GDAP1 mRNA is inversely associated with AMPK activity. GDAP1 silencing increases mitochondrial protein abundance in skeletal muscle. GDAP1 silencing influences expression of core molecular clock machinery. GDAP1 is a AMPK target involved in metabolism and circadian gene expression.
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, Darley-Usmar V, Young ME. An overview of the emerging interface between cardiac metabolism, redox biology and the circadian clock. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:75-84. [PMID: 29432800 PMCID: PMC6314011 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
At various biological levels, mammals must integrate with 24-hr rhythms in their environment. Daily fluctuations in stimuli/stressors of cardiac metabolism and oxidation-reduction (redox) status have been reported over the course of the day. It is therefore not surprising that the heart exhibits dramatic oscillations in various cellular processes over the course of the day, including transcription, translation, ion homeostasis, metabolism, and redox signaling. This temporal partitioning of cardiac processes is governed by a complex interplay between intracellular (e.g., circadian clocks) and extracellular (e.g., neurohumoral factors) influences, thus ensuring appropriate responses to daily stimuli/stresses. The purpose of the current article is to review knowledge regarding control of metabolism and redox biology in the heart over the course of the day, and to highlight whether disruption of these daily rhythms contribute towards cardiac dysfunction observed in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Qi G, Guo R, Tian H, Li L, Liu H, Mi Y, Liu X. Nobiletin protects against insulin resistance and disorders of lipid metabolism by reprogramming of circadian clock in hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:549-562. [PMID: 29501626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Circadian clock plays a principal role in orchestrating our daily physiology and metabolism, and their perturbation can evoke metabolic diseases such as fatty liver and insulin resistance. Nobiletin (NOB) has been demonstrated to possess antitumor and neuroprotective activities. The objective of the current study is to determine potential effects of NOB on modulating the core clock gene Bmal1 regarding ameliorating glucolipid metabolic disorders. RESULTS Our results revealed that NOB partially reverse the relatively shallow daily oscillations of circadian clock genes and reset phase-shifting circadian rhythms in primary hepatocytes under metabolic disorders conditions. Importantly, NOB was found to be effective at amplifying glucose uptake via stimulating IRS-1/AKT signaling pathway, as well as blunting palmitate-induced lipogenesis in HepG2 cells via modulating AMPK-Sirt1 signaling pathway and key enzymes of de novo lipogenesis in a Bmal1-dependent manner. NOB attenuated palmitate-stimulated excessive secretions of ROS, restored the depletions of mitochondrial membrane potential, which is similar to the recovery in expressions of mitochondrial respiration complex I-IV. CONCLUSION This study is the first to provide compelling evidences that NOB prevent cellular glucolipid metabolic imbalance and mitochondrial function in a Bmal1-dependent manner. Overall, NOB may serve as a nutritional preventive strategy in recovering metabolic disorders relevant to circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Qi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haoyu Tian
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Altered Circadian Timing System-Mediated Non-Dipping Pattern of Blood Pressure and Associated Cardiovascular Disorders in Metabolic and Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020400. [PMID: 29385702 PMCID: PMC5855622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The morning surge in blood pressure (BP) coincides with increased cardiovascular (CV) events. This strongly suggests that an altered circadian rhythm of BP plays a crucial role in the development of CV disease (CVD). A disrupted circadian rhythm of BP, such as the non-dipping type of hypertension (i.e., absence of nocturnal BP decline), is frequently observed in metabolic disorders and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The circadian timing system, controlled by the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and/or by peripheral clocks in the heart, vasculature, and kidneys, modulates the 24 h oscillation of BP. However, little information is available regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of an altered circadian timing system-mediated disrupted dipping pattern of BP in metabolic disorders and CKD that can lead to the development of CV events. A more thorough understanding of this pathogenesis could provide novel therapeutic strategies for the management of CVD. This short review will address our and others' recent findings on the molecular mechanisms that may affect the dipping pattern of BP in metabolic dysfunction and kidney disease and its association with CV disorders.
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Pérez-Mendoza M, Rivera-Zavala JB, Rodríguez-Guadarrama AH, Montoya-Gomez LM, Carmona-Castro A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Miranda-Anaya M. Daily cycle in hepatic lipid metabolism in obese mice, Neotomodon alstoni: Sex differences. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:643-657. [PMID: 29370528 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1424178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythms influences the pathogenesis of obesity, particularly with the basic regulation of food intake and metabolism. A link between metabolism and the circadian clock is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The Neotomodon alstoni mouse, known as the "Mexican volcano mouse," may develop obesity if fed a normo-caloric diet. This manuscript documents the changes in part of the hepatic lipid homeostasis in both sexes of lean and obese N. alstoni mice, comparing the daily changes in the BMAL1 clock protein, in regulators of lipid metabolism (PGC-1α, PPARα-γ, SREBP-1c, and CPT-1α) and in free fatty acid (FFA) and hepatic triacylglyceride (TAG) metabolites in light-dark cycles. Hepatic tissue and blood were collected at 5, 10, 15, 19, and 24 h. Samples were analyzed by western blotting to determine the relative presence of protein. The results indicate that obesity affects daily changes in lipid metabolism and the BMAL1 profile in females considerably more than in males. These results suggest that the impact of obesity on lipid metabolism has important differences according to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Pérez-Mendoza
- a Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Juriquilla , Qro
| | - Julieta Berenice Rivera-Zavala
- a Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Juriquilla , Qro
| | - Asael H Rodríguez-Guadarrama
- a Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Juriquilla , Qro
| | - Luis M Montoya-Gomez
- a Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Juriquilla , Qro
| | - Agustín Carmona-Castro
- b Departamento de Biología Celular; Facultad de Ciencias , Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- c Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular , Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro , México
| | - Manuel Miranda-Anaya
- a Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Juriquilla , Qro
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Goni L, Sun D, Heianza Y, Wang T, Huang T, Cuervo M, Martínez JA, Shang X, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Macronutrient-specific effect of the MTNR1B genotype on lipid levels in response to 2 year weight-loss diets. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:155-161. [PMID: 29089366 PMCID: PMC5748506 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p078634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates that lipid metabolism is in partial control of the circadian system. In this context, it has been reported that the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) genetic variant influences the dynamics of melatonin secretion, which is involved in the circadian system as a chronobiotic. The objective was to analyze whether the MTNR1B rs10830963 genetic variant was related to changes in lipid levels in response to dietary interventions with different macronutrient distribution in 722 overweight/obese subjects from the POUNDS Lost trial. We did not find a significant association between the MTNR1B genotype and changes in lipid metabolism. However, dietary fat intake significantly modified genetic effects on 2 year changes in total and LDL cholesterol (P interaction = 0.006 and 0.001, respectively). In the low-fat diet group, carriers of the sleep disruption G allele (minor allele) showed a greater reduction of total cholesterol (β ± SE = -5.78 ± 2.88 mg/dl, P = 0.04) and LDL cholesterol (β ± SE = -7.19 ± 2.37 mg/dl, P = 0.003). Conversely, in the high-fat diet group, subjects carrying the G allele evidenced a smaller decrease in total cholesterol (β ± SE = 5.81 ± 2.65 mg/dl, P = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (β ± SE = 5.23 ± 2.21 mg/dl, P = 0.002). Subjects carrying the G allele of the circadian rhythm-related MTNR1B variant may present a bigger impact on total and LDL cholesterol when undertaking an energy-restricted low-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tao Huang
- Epidemiology Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Departments of Nutrition Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Departments of Nutrition Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Crew RC, Waddell BJ, Mark PJ. Obesity-induced changes in hepatic and placental clock gene networks in rat pregnancy†. Biol Reprod 2017; 98:75-88. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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43
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Borck PC, Batista TM, Vettorazzi JF, Camargo RL, Boschero AC, Vieira E, Carneiro EM. Protein malnutrition after weaning disrupts peripheral clock and daily insulin secretion in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 50:54-65. [PMID: 29032081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in nutritional state may alter circadian rhythms through alterations in expression of clock genes. Protein deficiency has a profound effect on body metabolism, but the effect of this nutrient restriction after weaning on biological clock has not been explored. Thus, this study aims to investigate whether the protein restriction affects the daily oscillation in the behavior and metabolic rhythms, as well as expression of clock genes in peripheral tissues. Male C57BL/6 J mice, after weaning, were fed a normal-protein (NP) diet or a low-protein (LP) diet for 8 weeks. Mice fed an LP diet did not show difference in locomotor activity and energy expenditure, but the food intake was increased, with parallel increased expression of the orexigenic neuropeptide Npy and disruption of the anorexigenic Pomc oscillatory pattern in the hypothalamus. LP mice showed disruption in the daily rhythmic patterns of plasma glucose, triglycerides and insulin. Also, the rhythmic expression of clock genes in peripheral tissues and pancreatic islets was altered in LP mice. In pancreatic islets, the disruption of clock genes was followed by impairment of daily glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and the expression of genes involved in exocytosis. Pharmacological activation of REV-ERBα could not restore the insulin secretion in LP mice. The present study demonstrates that protein restriction, leading to development of malnutrition, alters the peripheral clock and metabolic outputs, suggesting that this nutrient provides important entraining cues to regulate the daily fluctuation of biological clock.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Biological Clocks
- CLOCK Proteins/genetics
- CLOCK Proteins/metabolism
- Diet, Protein-Restricted/adverse effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Glycine/analogs & derivatives
- Glycine/pharmacology
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Secretion
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Isoquinolines/pharmacology
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neuropeptide Y/genetics
- Neuropeptide Y/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/agonists
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- Organ Specificity
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism
- Protein Deficiency/etiology
- Protein Deficiency/physiopathology
- Random Allocation
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Weaning
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cristine Borck
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Martins Batista
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ludemann Camargo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Vieira
- Postgraduate Program on Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília-UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Xie X, Zhao B, Huang L, Shen Q, Ma L, Chen Y, Wu T, Fu Z. Effects of altered photoperiod on circadian clock and lipid metabolism in rats. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1094-1104. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1341906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binggong Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangfeng Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichen Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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45
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Liu Y, Lin X, Zhou X, Wan D, Wang Z, Wu X, Yin Y. Effects of dynamic feeding low and high methionine diets on egg quality traits in laying hens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1459-1465. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Zhang B, Wu X, Yin Y. Diurnal rhythm in mRNA expression of genes encoding amino acid transporter and circadian gene cry in intestinal mucosa of piglets. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1317908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zhang
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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High Fat Diets Sex-Specifically Affect the Renal Transcriptome and Program Obesity, Kidney Injury, and Hypertension in the Offspring. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040357. [PMID: 28368364 PMCID: PMC5409696 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related disorders have increased concurrently with an increased consumption of saturated fatty acids. We examined whether post-weaning high fat (HF) diet would exacerbate offspring vulnerability to maternal HF-induced programmed hypertension and kidney disease sex-specifically, with a focus on the kidney. Next, we aimed to elucidate the gene–diet interactions that contribute to maternal HF-induced renal programming using the next generation RNA sequencing (NGS) technology. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received either a normal diet (ND) or HF diet (D12331, Research Diets) for five weeks before the delivery. The offspring of both sexes were put on either the ND or HF diet from weaning to six months of age, resulting in four groups of each sex (maternal diet/post-weaning diet; n = 5–7/group): ND/ND, ND/HF, HF/ND, and HF/HF. Post-weaning HF diet increased bodyweights of both ND/HF and HF/HF animals from three to six months only in males. Post-weaning HF diet increased systolic blood pressure in male and female offspring, irrespective of whether they were exposed to maternal HF or not. Male HF/HF offspring showed greater degrees of glomerular and tubular injury compared to the ND/ND group. Our NGS data showed that maternal HF diet significantly altered renal transcriptome with female offspring being more HF-sensitive. HF diet induced hypertension and renal injury are associated with oxidative stress, activation of renin-angiotensin system, and dysregulated sodium transporters and circadian clock. Post-weaning HF diet sex-specifically exacerbates the development of obesity, kidney injury, but not hypertension programmed by maternal HF intake. Better understanding of the sex-dependent mechanisms that underlie HF-induced renal programming will help develop a novel personalized dietary intervention to prevent obesity and related disorders.
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Differences in Photic Entrainment of Circadian Locomotor Activity Between Lean and Obese Volcano Mice ( Neotomodon alstoni). J Circadian Rhythms 2017; 15:1. [PMID: 30210555 PMCID: PMC5356206 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing problem worldwide with a clear impact on health status. It is also a condition that negatively affects circadian rhythms. When the mouse Neotomodon alstoni is fed a regular rodent chow, some individuals develop obesity, representing an opportunity to compare the effects of spontaneous obesity upon the circadian organization in this species with that observed in other rodents with induced obesity. We report differences in the free running circadian locomotor activity rhythm and in the effects of light pulses between lean and obese mice. Also, the photo-induced expression of the c-Fos protein and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were examined at circadian time (CT) 14 and 22. We show that obese mice have a larger dispersion of the period of circadian locomotor rhythm in constant darkness. Photic induced phase shifts are nearly 50% shorter at CT 14, and 50% larger at CT 22 than in lean mice. The photoinduction of VIP in the SCN at CT 22 was larger in obese mice, which may be related to the differences observed in photic phase shifting. Our work indicates that the obesity in Neotomodon has effects on the neural mechanisms that regulate the circadian system.
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Abstract
The biological clocks of the circadian timing system coordinate cellular and physiological processes and synchronizes these with daily cycles, feeding patterns also regulates circadian clocks. The clock genes and adipocytokines show circadian rhythmicity. Dysfunction of these genes are involved in the alteration of these adipokines during the development of obesity. Food availability promotes the stimuli associated with food intake which is a circadian oscillator outside of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Its circadian rhythm is arranged with the predictable daily mealtimes. Food anticipatory activity is mediated by a self-sustained circadian timing and its principal component is food entrained oscillator. However, the hypothalamus has a crucial role in the regulation of energy balance rather than food intake. Fatty acids or their metabolites can modulate neuronal activity by brain nutrient-sensing neurons involved in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis. The timing of three-meal schedules indicates close association with the plasma levels of insulin and preceding food availability. Desynchronization between the central and peripheral clocks by altered timing of food intake and diet composition can lead to uncoupling of peripheral clocks from the central pacemaker and to the development of metabolic disorders. Metabolic dysfunction is associated with circadian disturbances at both central and peripheral levels and, eventual disruption of circadian clock functioning can lead to obesity. While CLOCK expression levels are increased with high fat diet-induced obesity, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha increases the transcriptional level of brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) in obese subjects. Consequently, disruption of clock genes results in dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and obesity. Modifying the time of feeding alone can greatly affect body weight. Changes in the circadian clock are associated with temporal alterations in feeding behavior and increased weight gain. Thus, shift work is associated with increased risk for obesity, diabetes and cardio-vascular diseases as a result of unusual eating time and disruption of circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- , Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Refinetti R. Western diet affects the murine circadian system possibly through the gastrointestinal microbiota. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1254873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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