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Lei Y, Wang S, Chen J, Liu L, Huang L, Wu X, Xu H, Yang Y. A novel tool for predicting the risk of cancer-specific early death in older patients with primary malignant melanoma of skin: a population-based analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1387014. [PMID: 39309738 PMCID: PMC11412837 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1387014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Primary malignant melanoma (MM) of skin threatens health, especially in the older population, causing a significant risk of early death. The purpose of this study was to establish a diagnostic nomogram to predict the early mortality risk in older patients with primary skin MM and to determine the independent risk factors of cancer-specific early death in such patients. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database provided the clinical and pathological characteristics of older patients with primary skin MM from 2000 to 2019. Initially, a 7:3 random assignment was used to place the recruited patients into training and validation cohorts. Then, the independent risk variables of cancer-specific early death in those individuals were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Those patients' diagnostic nomograms were constructed using the acquired independent risk variables. Ultimately, the performance of the newly created diagnostic nomogram was verified using calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves. Results In this study, 2,615 patients in total were included. Age, histology, liver metastasis, tumor stage, surgery, therapy, and radiation were found to be independent risk factors following statistical analysis, with a special emphasis on early death in older patients with primary skin MM. A diagnostic nomogram for the cancer-specific early death risk was created and validated based on these variables. High agreement was reported between the expected and actual probabilities in the calibration curves. Area under the curves (AUC) of the novel created diagnostic nomogram was greater than that of each independent risk factor, with AUCs for the training and validation cohorts being 0.966 and 0.971, respectively. The nomogram had a high value for its applicability in clinical settings, according to DCA. Conclusion In older patients with primary skin MM, the current study created a diagnostic nomogram to predict the probability of cancer-specific early death. Because of the nomograms' good performance, physicians will be better able to identify older patients who are at a high risk of early death and treat them individually to increase their survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shucui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanjun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laser Cosmetology, the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Linting Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laser Cosmetology, the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, ZhongShan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laser Cosmetology, the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laser Cosmetology, the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical College, Shanghai, China
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Gerami P, Tandukar B, Deivendran D, Olivares S, Chen L, Tang J, Tan T, Sharma H, Bandari AK, Cruz-Pacheco N, Chang D, Marty A, Olshen A, Murad NF, Song J, Lee J, Yeh I, Hunter Shain A. Molecular effects of indoor tanning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597225. [PMID: 38895302 PMCID: PMC11185634 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Tanning bed users have a significantly increased risk of melanoma, but it remains unclear how indoor tanning drives melanomagenesis. Tanning bed radiation is often thought of as a substitute for natural UV radiation despite differences in the maximum doses, UV content, body sites exposed, and patterns of melanoma that arise. Methods To better understand the epidemiologic trends and etiology of melanoma associated with tanning bed use, we described the patterns of melanoma in patients with quantifiable tanning bed usage and performed exome sequencing of 182 melanocytes from normal skin of a subset of these patients. Results Tanning bed users were more likely than non-users to have melanoma on body sites with low cumulative levels of sun damage and were more likely to have multiple melanomas. The melanocytes in normal appearing skin from tanning bed users had higher mutation burdens, a higher proportion of melanocytes with pathogenic mutations, and distinct mutational signatures. These differences were most prominent over body sites that experience comparatively less exposure to natural sunlight. Conclusions We conclude that tanning bed radiation induces melanoma by increasing the mutation burden of melanocytes and by mutagenizing a broader field of melanocytes than are typically exposed to natural sunlight. The unique signatures of mutations in skin cells of tanning users may be attributable to the distinct spectra of radiation emitted from solariums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Gerami
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bishal Tandukar
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Delahny Deivendran
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shantel Olivares
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Tang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tuyet Tan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Harsh Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aravind K Bandari
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noel Cruz-Pacheco
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Darwin Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Annika Marty
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adam Olshen
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Faraj Murad
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jing Song
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jungwha Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Hunter Shain
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Tang HKC, Rao A, Peters C, Ambulkar T, Ho MFX, Wang B, Patel P. 'Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Intra-cranial Metastatic Melanoma - a Meta-analysis and Systematic Review'. J Cancer 2024; 15:3495-3509. [PMID: 38817862 PMCID: PMC11134445 DOI: 10.7150/jca.93306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune-activating anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 monoclonal antibodies (alone or in combination) are being used to treat advanced melanoma patients and can lead to durable remissions, and long-term overall survival may be achieved in between 50-60% of patients. Although intracranial metastases are very common in melanoma (about 50-75% of all patients with advanced disease), most of the pivotal prospective clinical trials exclude patients with intra-cranial metastases, certainly if their lesions are symptomatic and steroid-requiring and the degree of sensitivity of intra-cranial melanoma to immunotherapy remains uncertain, and requires further investigation especially in view of the demonstrable activity of RAF-MEK inhibitors in this clinical setting and the emergence of stereotactic radiotherapy. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy against advanced melanoma patients with brain metastases. In terms of comparative studies, only retrospective analyses could be identified. Based on 3 retrospective studies, treatment of patients with melanoma brain metastases with immunotherapeutic approaches improves overall survival substantially compared with supportive measures alone (no active anticancer treatment). The efficacy of targeted therapy appeared to be comparable to that of immune therapy in terms of overall survival, based on a small number of patients. The combination of concurrent radiation therapy to the brain and systemic immunotherapy led to improved overall survival compared to radiotherapy alone, suggesting potential synergism between the approaches, and combination treatment could be delivered safely. Our review supports the use of immunotherapeutic strategies for these patients although treatment efficacy appears to be lower for symptomatic lesions. In view of the extremely high efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy approaches in the brain, understanding the interaction between radiotherapy and immunotherapy is vital and should be an area of active investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Kwan Carolyn Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Ankit Rao
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Peters
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Tanvi Ambulkar
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Michael FX Ho
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Wang
- Trinity Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Poulam Patel
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
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Sutedja EK, Arianto TR, Lesmana R, Suwarsa O, Setiabudiawan B. The Chemoprotective Role of Vitamin D in Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:3551-3565. [PMID: 36583029 PMCID: PMC9793722 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s389591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research in mice showed that vitamin D receptor deficiency was correlated with an increased rate of non-melanoma skin cancer. Therapeutic supplemental vitamin D has also been reported to reduce cell growth in both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. This paper aims to describe the existing research studies that discuss the potential and role of vitamin D in the management of skin cancer. Methods Articles were searched from three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus) and manual search. 18 articles were included. These were further divided into in vivo and in vitro studies. The literature search was based on the following Patients, Intervention, Control, and Outcome (PICO) criteria: Patients with any types of skin cancer; Vitamin D and their derivates as the intervention; placebo or standard regimen as control, and survival rate or response rate as primary outcome. Results From the three databases, we obtained 802 studies. Prior to screening of the literature obtained, several studies were excluded. In the eligibility assessment, seven studies were excluded due to their outcomes being not eligible for analysis, and two studies were excluded due to inaccessible full texts. The remaining 18 studies were included. Five studies had a clinical research design (randomized controlled trial or interventional study), which use vitamin D3 as vitamin D derivatives and the results showed that the administration of vitamin D3 reduces the proliferation of skin cancer cells. Similar results were also reported in studies with pre-clinical research designs, either in vivo or in vitro, where six were in vivo studies and nine studies were in vitro studies. Conclusion Our literature review revealed that that vitamin D derivatives, such as 1,25(OH)2D3 or 20(OH)D3 can effectively reduce the proliferation of skin cancer cells by contributing in the inhibition of cell growth and development, highlighting vitamin D's role as good prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Krishna Sutedja
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia,Correspondence: Eva Krishna Sutedja, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Jl. Pasteur No. 38, Bandung, West Java, 40161, Indonesia, Tel +62222032426 ext. 3449, Fax +62222032426, Email
| | - Tiara Rachmaputeri Arianto
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Oki Suwarsa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Budi Setiabudiawan
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Rashid S, Shaughnessy M, Tsao H. Melanoma classification and management in the era of molecular medicine. Dermatol Clin 2022; 41:49-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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McInally W, Gray-Brunton C, Chouliara Z, Kyle RG. Life Interrupted: Experiences of adolescents, young adults and their family living with malignant melanoma. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:3867-3879. [PMID: 34245464 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Melanoma is one of the most common human malignancies; yet, it is often thought of as a disease of adulthood rather than one affecting adolescents and young adults. This study sought to understand the experiences of adolescents, young adults and their family living with malignant melanoma. DESIGN A qualitative study using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, through a multi-perspective design. METHODS Data collection was conducted between January and August 2018 in each participant's Primary Care Centre when they were attending for an outpatient appointment. Each young person and a nominated family member were interviewed (n = 10) either individually (n = 4) or as a dyad (n = 6) according to their personal choice. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted and audio-recorded with the participant's consent. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed. FINDINGS The metanarrative 'Life Interrupted' was the core conceptual thread woven throughout the findings. It represents the interconnections and interrelationships between the adolescent or young adult and their family. Being able to recognize the disease and seek support was challenging with often limited physical, emotional or social support resulting in feelings of fear and isolation. Four super-ordinate themes were identified: (a) 'Is it Serious', (b) 'Too Much too Young', (c) 'Not the Same' and (d) 'Time to Live'. CONCLUSIONS With the rising incidence of MM in the adolescents and young adults population globally, there are demands to improve healthcare professionals and nurse's knowledge and understanding of MM. As young people with MM experience their journey outside specialist cancer services, the care delivery for this patient group and their families require stronger links between services. IMPACT This study will inform the improvement of care delivery for MM in order that this patient group is provided with the same access to service delivery as other adolescents and young adults with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zoe Chouliara
- Senior Practitioner, Counselling & Psychologist Edinburgh
| | - Richard G Kyle
- Research and Evaluation Division, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Tang HKC, Peters C, Rao A, Patel P, Bryant A. Immunotherapy for intracranial metastatic melanoma. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Peters
- General Internal Medicine; Chesterfield Royal Hospital; Derbyshire UK
| | - Ankit Rao
- Oncology; Nottingham City Hospital; Nottingham UK
| | - Poulam Patel
- Oncology; Nottingham City Hospital; Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew Bryant
- Institute of Health & Society; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Dulskas A, Cerkauskaite D, Vincerževskiene I, Urbonas V. Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Skin Melanoma in Lithuania 1991-2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084165. [PMID: 33920754 PMCID: PMC8071109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background. We aimed to investigate age-specific and sex-specific incidence trends of melanoma in Lithuania from 1991 to 2015. Methods. Analysis was based on data from the population-based Lithuanian Cancer Registry database for 1991–2015, and 6024 cases of skin melanoma were identified. Age-adjusted rates (ASRs) by sex and age group were calculated. Adjustment for ASRs was done using the old European standard population, where a total of three age groups were considered: 0–39, 40–59 and 60+. Additionally, the annual percent change (APC) was calculated, and 95% confidence intervals for APC were calculated. Results. Between 1991 and 2015, the overall melanoma rates increased by an annual percent change (APC) of 3.9% in men (95% CI, 3.6–4.1%) and 2.3% in women (95% CI, 2.1–2.5%). The highest incidences of new cutaneous melanoma cases were observed between old adults (60+) of both sexes, while the lowest incidence rates were observed in the young adult group (up to 39 years old), with the lowest APC (1.6% in males and 0.4% in females). The overall number of melanoma deaths during 1991 and 2015 increased from 64 to 103 deaths per year, and the age-standardized rate (ASR) increased 1.3 times (from 1.8 to 2.4). Conclusions. The incidence and mortality of skin melanoma seem to be increased in all age groups. These trends indicate that skin protection behavior is not sufficient in our population and more efforts need to be taken in order to decrease incidence and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrius Dulskas
- Department of Abdominal and General Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 1 Santariskiu Str., LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +37-067520094
| | - Dovile Cerkauskaite
- Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 9 A. Mickeviciaus Str., LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Ieva Vincerževskiene
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.V.); (V.U.)
| | - Vincas Urbonas
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.V.); (V.U.)
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The incidence and clinical analysis of non-melanoma skin cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4337. [PMID: 33619293 PMCID: PMC7900109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common malignancies diagnosed in Caucasian populations. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent skin cancer, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Unfortunately, most European cancer registries do not record individual types of NMSC. To evaluate the incidence of primary BCCs and SCCs regarding age, sex, tumour site and tumour subtype to determine trends in epidemiology of both cancers. Retrospective analysis of BCCs and SCCs diagnosed and treated across seven sites in Poland from 1999 to 2019. We recorded 13,913 NMSCs occurring in 10,083 patients. BCC represented 85.2% of all cases. SCC patients were older than BCC patients (77.1 ± 11.3 years vs. 70.1 ± 12.3 years, p < 0.01). The nodular subtype was the most common subtype of BCC, followed by the superficial and infiltrative subtypes. The superficial BCC subtype was more common on photoprotected areas (p < 0.01), whereas the nodular BCC subtype occurred on the face (p < 0.01). The high-risk SCC subtypes were more common on face compared to low-risk SCC subtypes (p < 0.01). BCC and SCC are common malignancies developing at various ages and anatomical sites. These data underline the need for better registration policies regarding NMSC in order to improve prevention and treatment strategies for these tumours.
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Schwartz CT, Ezaldein HH, Merati M. Ultraviolet Light Gel Manicures: Is There a Risk of Skin Cancer on the Hands and Nails of Young Adults? THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2020; 13:45-46. [PMID: 32983337 PMCID: PMC7492020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There appears to be limited research on whether the ultraviolet radiation used in nail lamps for gel manicures is increasing the incidence of skin cancer on the hands and nails of young adults. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess evidence in the literature regarding the incidence of skin cancer on the hands and nails of young adults who receive gel manicures cured by ultraviolet light. METHODS: An extensive systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on patients aged 40 years or younger with a history of gel manicures diagnosed with nonmelanoma or melanoma skin cancers on the dorsum of their hands and nails. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-results Program (SEER) (SEER 9 and SEER 21) was chosen to analyze trends in the incidence of melanoma from 2007 to 2016. The SEER*Stat Client-serve Mode software was used to retrieve the incidence rates of melanoma of the skin among individuals aged 0 to 39 years from 1975 to 2016. RESULTS: There have been no cases reported of patients younger than the age of 40 years with a history of chronic gel manicures diagnosed with nonmelanoma skin cancer or melanoma on the dorsum of the hands or nail matrices. SEER revealed little to no change in the incidence of melanoma among patients under the age of 65 years. CONCLUSION: The literature is controversial regarding whether ultraviolet radiation from chronic gel manicures increases the risk of skin cancer on the hands and nails. A comprehensive literature search and the SEER database revealed that gel manicures have little to no carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea T Schwartz
- Dr. Schwartz is with the Department of Internal Medicine at The Christ Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio
- Dr. Ezaldein is with the Department of Dermatology at Case Western/University Hospitals in Cincinnati, Ohio
- Dr. Merati is with the The Parker Skin and Aesthetic Clinic in Beachwood, Ohio
| | - Harib H Ezaldein
- Dr. Schwartz is with the Department of Internal Medicine at The Christ Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio
- Dr. Ezaldein is with the Department of Dermatology at Case Western/University Hospitals in Cincinnati, Ohio
- Dr. Merati is with the The Parker Skin and Aesthetic Clinic in Beachwood, Ohio
| | - Miesha Merati
- Dr. Schwartz is with the Department of Internal Medicine at The Christ Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio
- Dr. Ezaldein is with the Department of Dermatology at Case Western/University Hospitals in Cincinnati, Ohio
- Dr. Merati is with the The Parker Skin and Aesthetic Clinic in Beachwood, Ohio
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11
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Wang R, Shao X, Zheng J, Saci A, Qian X, Pak I, Roy A, Bello A, Rizzo JI, Hosein F, Moss RA, Wind-Rotolo M, Feng Y. A Machine-Learning Approach to Identify a Prognostic Cytokine Signature That Is Associated With Nivolumab Clearance in Patients With Advanced Melanoma. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 107:978-987. [PMID: 31721173 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lower clearance of immune checkpoint inhibitors is a predictor of improved overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced cancer. We investigated a novel approach using machine learning to identify a baseline composite cytokine signature via clearance, which, in turn, could be associated with OS in advanced melanoma. Peripheral nivolumab clearance and cytokine data from patients treated with nivolumab in two phase III studies (n = 468 (pooled)) and another phase III study (n = 158) were used for machine-learning model development and validation, respectively. Random forest (Boruta) algorithm was used for feature selection and classification of nivolumab clearance. The 16 top-ranking baseline inflammatory cytokines reflecting immune-cell modulation were selected as a composite signature to predict nivolumab clearance (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.75; accuracy = 0.7). Predicted clearance (high vs. low) via the cytokine signature was significantly associated with OS across all three studies (P < 0.01), regardless of treatment (nivolumab vs. chemotherapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiao Shao
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Junying Zheng
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Abdel Saci
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Qian
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Irene Pak
- Information and Data Management, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amit Roy
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Akintunde Bello
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jasmine I Rizzo
- Global Clinical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fareeda Hosein
- Global Clinical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rebecca A Moss
- Global Clinical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Megan Wind-Rotolo
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yan Feng
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
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Male Sex is an Inherent Risk Factor for Basal Cell Carcinoma. J Skin Cancer 2019; 2019:8304271. [PMID: 31772775 PMCID: PMC6854916 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8304271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is more frequent among females <40 years old; however, it affects preferentially older males (>60 years old). In order to contribute to the study of the still largely unknown mechanisms that underlie this peculiar sex-dependent shift, we compared the kinetics of the increase of the age-specific BCC incidence rates (R) as a function of age in males and females. Studies reporting sex-stratified R were found using a PubMed search and male to female age-specific incidence rate ratios (RR) were calculated for each age-class as reported in each study and assigned to the mean of the corresponding age periods. Trends in age were assessed with Kendall's τ test and relationships between two variables by inverse variance method-weighed Loess and linear regression analysis. Sixteen data sets were eligible and confirmed a significant shift in the male to female ratio (Kendall's τ = 0.530; P < 0.001). Moreover, the slope parameter b = 1.205 (SE = 0.014) of the best fit (r 2 = 0.980) regression line resulting by plotting male vs. female age-specific incidence rates predicts a statistically significant (P = 0.001), constant, about 20% faster increase of R in males of all ages. Similar relationship are also evident for cutaneous squamous cell and Merkel cell carcinoma and, even more intriguing, for sums of all cancers (excluding BCC and SCC) in many different registries. In conclusion, females are probably born with an inherently higher risk to develop BCC; however, also with a much slower increase rate of this risk as a function of age. Notably this observation seems to be not a BCC peculiarity. Because of its high incidence coupled with moderate morbidity and extremely low mortality rates, BCC may serve as a valuable, single-tumor paradigm to reproach the complex mechanisms that underline the interaction of age and sex in the pathogenesis of human malignancies.
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13
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Quigley C, Deady S, Hughes E, McElnea E, Zgaga L, Chetty S. National incidence of eyelid cancer in Ireland (2005-2015). Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:1534-1539. [PMID: 30976073 PMCID: PMC7002498 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We report on the incidence of cutaneous eyelid tumours in Ireland over the 11-year-period from 2005 to 2015, we identify associations between demographic factors and cutaneous eyelid tumour risk. METHODS Skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), melanoma, and other cancers, located on the eyelid or canthus according to ICD-10 coding, as registered by the National Cancer Registry of Ireland (NCRI), were captured from the period 2005 to 2015. Age standardised rates (ASR) were calculated according to the European Standard Population (2013). Longitudinal data analysis using linear regression, and associations with age and sex were evaluated with the statistics program R. RESULTS There were 4824 patients diagnosed with eyelid BCC during the study period, the ASR in men and women was mean 15.87 and 13.49 per 100,00, respectively. The relative risk for eyelid BCC in men compared with women was 1.18, age was associated with incidence. There were 528 patients diagnosed with SCC; the ASR of eyelid SCC in men and women was 2.10 and 1.39 per 100,000, respectively, and increased in women annually (β = 0.07, p = 0.0005). The relative risk for eyelid SCC in men compared with women was 1.51, and age was exponentially associated with SCC. Melanoma and other eyelid tumours were uncommon-50 and 55 cases, respectively. CONCLUSION Incidence of both BCC and SCC increases with age and male sex. The incidence of eyelid SCC is increasing in women, and under age 50, eyelid BCC is more common in women than men. SYNOPSIS We describe the recent incidence of eyelid cancers in Ireland, from National Cancer Registry Data. We find eyelid BCC, and also SCC, are associated with increased age. Rate of eyelid SCC is increasing in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Deady
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork Airport Business Park, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Lina Zgaga
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Basch CH, Hillyer GC, Kecojevic A, Ku CS, Basch CE. Indoor tanning and poor mental health among adolescents in New York City (2015). J Health Psychol 2019; 26:870-879. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105319852668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored relationships between mental health and indoor tanning among high school students in New York City using 2015 data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. Those more likely to use indoor tanning were females (odds ratio = 6.26, 95% confidence interval = 6.08–6.45) and non-Hispanic White (odds ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.06–1.14). Being bullied on school property (odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.25–1.34), having attempted suicide (odds ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval = 1.99–2.18), and having sought counseling (odds ratio = 1.22, 95% confidence interval = 1.18–1.26) were significantly associated with indoor tanning. This study indicates that engaging in indoor tanning is associated with a number of mental health factors.
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Wojcik KY, Escobedo LA, Wysong A, Heck JE, Ritz B, Hamilton AS, Milam J, Cockburn MG. High Birth Weight, Early UV Exposure, and Melanoma Risk in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. Epidemiology 2019; 30:278-284. [PMID: 30499783 PMCID: PMC6435257 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is the second most common cancer diagnosed before age 30. Little is known about potentially modifiable or intervenable risk factors specific to developing melanoma at a young age. The objective was to determine if high birth weight or higher early-life ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure would be associated with increased risk of melanoma in young patients. METHODS Population-based, case-control study of 1,396 cases of melanoma diagnosed before age 30 in 1988-2013 and 27,920 controls, obtained by linking cancer registry data to birth records in California. RESULTS High birth weight (>4,000 g) was associated with 19% higher risk of melanoma (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.39), while low birth weight (<2,500 g) was associated with 41% lower risk (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.43, 0.82), compared with normal birth weight (2,500-4,000 g); dose-response per 1,000 g increase was also evident (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.13, 1.36). All quartiles of birthplace UV greater than the lowest quartile were associated with increased melanoma risk. The strongest relation between birthplace UV and melanoma was for 15-19 years of age at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS High birth weight and high early-life UV exposure may be important independent risk factors for melanoma diagnosis before age 30. The implication is that adopting skin-protective behaviors as early as infancy could be important for primary prevention of melanoma in younger people. However, research that accounts for early-life behavioral patterns of skin protection during infancy is needed to advance our understanding of how birth weight and early-life UV may influence the development of early-onset melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Y Wojcik
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Loraine A Escobedo
- Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD
| | - Ashley Wysong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ann S Hamilton
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joel Milam
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Myles G Cockburn
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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16
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García Forero A, Villamizar Mantilla DA, Núñez LA, Ocazionez RE, Stashenko EE, Fuentes JL. Photoprotective and Antigenotoxic Effects of the Flavonoids Apigenin, Naringenin and Pinocembrin. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1010-1018. [PMID: 30636010 DOI: 10.1111/php.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the photoprotective and antigenotoxic effects against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation of flavonoid compounds apigenin, naringenin and pinocembrin. The photoprotective efficacy of these compounds was estimated using in vitro photoprotection indices, and the antigenotoxicity against UVB radiation was evaluated using the SOS chromotest and an enzymatic (proteinase K/T4 endonuclease V enzyme) comet assay in UV-treated Escherichia coli and human (HEK-293) cells, respectively. Naringenin and pinocembrin showed maximum UV-absorption peak in UVC and UVB zones, while apigenin showed UV-absorption capability from UVC to UVA range. These compounds acted as UV filters reducing UV-induced genotoxicity, both in bacteria and in human cells. The enzymatic comet assay resulted highly sensitive for detection of UVB-induced DNA damage in HEK-293 cells. In this work, the photoprotective potential of these flavonoids was widely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana García Forero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Diego Armando Villamizar Mantilla
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Luis A Núñez
- Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Raquel Elvira Ocazionez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP), Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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17
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Bagnoni G, Fidanzi C, D'Erme AM, Viacava P, Leoni M, Strambi S, Calani C, Bertocchini A, Morganti R, Spinelli C. Melanoma in children, adolescents and young adults: anatomo-clinical features and prognostic study on 426 cases. Pediatr Surg Int 2019; 35:159-165. [PMID: 30411144 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-018-4388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine the difference in anatomo-pathological and prognostic features of cutaneous melanoma in children, adolescents and young adults. METHODS This is a retrospective review on 383 young patients ≤ 39 years of age with cutaneous melanoma, in a period from 2006 to 2016 in Area Vasta Nord Ovest, Tuscany, Italy. We subdivided patients in three groups (children ≤ 14 years, adolescents 15-21 years, young adults 22-39 years). We correlated all the anatomo-pathological parameters with age groups. RESULTS We identified a total of 426 cases of cutaneous melanoma on an overall total of 383 patients. Mean age at diagnosis for all the patients ≤ 39 years of age was 31.2 years: in group A was 11.2 years, in group B 19.2 years and in group C 32.5 years. Incidence, in the subjects between 0 and 14 years, is 14 cases per million inhabitants, between 15 and 21 years of 145, and between 22 and 39 years of 394. Global incidence was 1.6 case per million for group A, 8.9 cases per million for group B, 105 cases per million for group C. No statistically significative correlation could be described for clinical parameters and age groups. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of melanoma in our casuistry results as the highest in the world. These data open new study for this kind of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bagnoni
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit AVNO (Area Vasta Nord Ovest) and Unit of Dermatology, Livorno Hospital, Livorno, Italy
| | - Cristian Fidanzi
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit AVNO (Area Vasta Nord Ovest) and Unit of Dermatology, Livorno Hospital, Livorno, Italy
| | - Angelo Massimiliano D'Erme
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit AVNO (Area Vasta Nord Ovest) and Unit of Dermatology, Livorno Hospital, Livorno, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Leoni
- Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Surgery Division, Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Strambi
- Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Surgery Division, Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Calani
- Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Surgery Division, Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertocchini
- Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Surgery Division, Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Morganti
- Statistical Support to Clinical Trials Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Spinelli
- Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Surgery Division, Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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18
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Goldstein AM, Stidd KC, Yang XR, Fraser MC, Tucker MA. Pediatric melanoma in melanoma-prone families. Cancer 2018; 124:3715-3723. [PMID: 30207590 PMCID: PMC6214720 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, only approximately 0.4% of all melanomas are diagnosed in patients aged <20 years. To the authors' knowledge, melanoma in pediatric members of melanoma-prone families has not been fully investigated to date. The objective of the current study was to evaluate pediatric patients with melanoma with extensive follow-up in melanoma-prone families with and without cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) mutations. METHODS For this non-population-based study, families were followed prospectively for up to 40 years. A total of 60 families with ≥ 3 patients with melanoma were included for analysis: 30 CDKN2A mutation-positive (CDKN2A+) and 30 CDKN2A mutation-negative (CDKN2A-) families. Age at the time of first melanoma and number of melanomas were obtained for each patient and summarized by family or sets (CDKN2A + vs CDKN2A-). For set comparisons and categorical variables (occurrence of melanoma in pediatric patients, number of melanomas, number of patients with single or multiple melanomas), the Pearson chi-square or Fisher exact test was used. RESULTS Regardless of CDKN2A status, melanoma-prone families were found to have 6-fold to 28-fold higher percentages of patients with pediatric melanoma compared with the general population of patients with melanoma in the United States. Within CDKN2A + families, pediatric patients with melanoma were significantly more likely to have multiple melanomas compared with their relatives who were diagnosed at age >20 years (71% vs 38%, respectively; P = .004). CDKN2A + families had significantly higher percentages of pediatric patients with melanoma compared with CDKN2A- families (11.1% vs 2.5%; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS These observations have implications for the prevention of melanoma as well as clinical care for its early detection. Children in melanoma-prone families should have careful sun protection from an early age and skin surveillance to reduce their risk of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa M. Goldstein
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health
and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelsey C. Stidd
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health
and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohong R. Yang
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health
and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary C. Fraser
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health
and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A. Tucker
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health
and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Cortellini A, Bersanelli M, Buti S, Gambale E, Atzori F, Zoratto F, Parisi A, Brocco D, Pireddu A, Cannita K, Iacono D, Migliorino MR, Gamucci T, De Tursi M, Sidoni T, Tiseo M, Michiara M, Papa A, Angius G, Tomao S, Fargnoli MC, Natoli C, Ficorella C. Family history of cancer as surrogate predictor for immunotherapy with anti-PD1/PD-L1 agents: preliminary report of the FAMI-L1 study. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:643-655. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Tumors related to hereditary susceptibility seem to have an immunosensitive phenotype. Materials & methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study, to investigate if family history of cancer, multiple neoplasms and early onset of cancer could be related to clinical outcomes of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Activity and efficacy data of 211 advanced cancer patients (kidney, non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, urothelium, colorectal and HeN), treated at seven Italian centers with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents, were analyzed. Results: In this preliminary report at multivariate analyses, positive family history of cancer showed a statistically significant relationship with a better objective response rate (p = 0.0024), disease control rate (p = 0.0161), median time to treatment failure (p = 0.0203) and median overall survival (p = 0.0221). Diagnosis of multiple neoplasms significantly correlates only to a better disease control rate, while interestingly non-early onset of cancer and sex (in favor of female patients) showed significant correlation with a better median overall survival (p = 0.0268 and p = 0.0272, respectively). Conclusion: This pilot study seems to individuate easily available patient's features as possible predictive surrogates of clinical benefit for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatments. These preliminary results need to be confirmed with a greater sample size, in prospective trials with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cortellini
- Medical Oncology Unit, St Salvatore Hospital, Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Buti
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gambale
- Medical Oncology Unit, SS Annunziata Hospita, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Francesco Atzori
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Parisi
- Medical Oncology Unit, St Salvatore Hospital, Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Brocco
- Medical Oncology Unit, SS Annunziata Hospita, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Katia Cannita
- Medical Oncology Unit, St Salvatore Hospital, Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniela Iacono
- Pulmonary Oncology Unit, St. Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Gamucci
- Medical Oncology Unit, F. Spaziani Hospital, Frosinone, Italy
| | - Michele De Tursi
- Medical Oncology Unit, SS Annunziata Hospita, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Tina Sidoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, St Salvatore Hospital, Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Michiara
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anselmo Papa
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Latina, Italy
| | - Gesuino Angius
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Latina, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Oncology Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology & Pathology, University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Latina, Italy
| | - Maria C Fargnoli
- Oncological Dermatology Unit, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Clara Natoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, SS Annunziata Hospita, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences & CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti and Pescara, Italy
| | - Corrado Ficorella
- Medical Oncology Unit, St Salvatore Hospital, Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological & Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Brecht IB, De Paoli A, Bisogno G, Orbach D, Schneider DT, Leiter U, Offenmueller S, Cecchetto G, Godzinski J, Bien E, Stachowicz-Stencel T, Ben-Ami T, Chiaravalli S, Maurichi A, De Salvo GL, Sorbara S, Bodemer C, Garbe C, Reguerre Y, Ferrari A. Pediatric patients with cutaneous melanoma: A European study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e26974. [PMID: 29350487 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutaneous melanoma is rare in childhood and published studies have mainly been retrospective single-institution series or small case series. Given the absence of clinical protocols dedicated to pediatric melanoma, the treatment approach is generally extrapolated from the ones applied to adults. METHODS Coordinated by the European Cooperative Study Group for Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT), this study collected patients prospectively registered between 2002 and 2012 under national cooperative projects dedicated to rare pediatric tumors in Italy, Poland, Germany, and France. Additional cases were collected from dermatology registries in Germany and Israel. RESULTS A total of 219 patients aged 0-18 years (median 14.4) were included in the analysis. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 112 patients (76% of those with Breslow thickness > 0.75 mm) and was positive in 37.5%. Systemic therapy was used in 33 cases. In stage III cases, survival rates were similar for patients who received (23 cases) or not (21 cases) adjuvant therapy. For the whole series, 3-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 91.4% and 84.0%, respectively (median follow-up 41.8 months). Tumor site, tumor stage, and ulceration influenced survival rates. Patients treated by pediatric oncologists (n = 140) were more likely to have advanced disease than those treated by dermatologists (n = 79). DISCUSSION This study would suggest that the clinical history of melanoma in children and adolescents might resemble that of adult counterpart. Cooperative efforts are needed to make new drugs more readily available to pediatric patients to increase the outcome of patient with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines B Brecht
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of T, bingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angela De Paoli
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel Orbach
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with cancer), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Ulrike Leiter
- Center for Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Offenmueller
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Cecchetto
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Jan Godzinski
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Marciniak Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bien
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Tal Ben-Ami
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stefano Chiaravalli
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Maurichi
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Gian Luca De Salvo
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Sorbara
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Christine Bodemer
- Pediatric Dermatology Department, Necker Hospital Assistance Publique, Paris, France
| | - Claus Garbe
- Center for Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yves Reguerre
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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21
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Mahler HIM. Effects of multiple viewings of an ultraviolet photo on sun protection behaviors. Public Health 2018; 160:33-40. [PMID: 29729530 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether multiple viewings of one's ultraviolet (UV) facial photo differentially affects subsequent sun protection behaviors relative to a single viewing. STUDY DESIGN Pretest-posttest control group. METHODS Southern California college students (N = 151) were randomly assigned to be shown their UV facial photo one time, multiple times over the course of 2 weeks, or not at all. Emotional reactions, perceived susceptibility to skin damage, and sun protection intentions were assessed immediately, and sun protection behaviors were assessed during a surprise telephonic follow-up 1 month later. RESULTS Immediately after viewing a UV photo of their face, participants reported significantly greater perceived susceptibility to skin damage, greater intentions to engage in future sun protection, and more negative emotions than those who had not seen a UV photo. Moreover, 1 month later, those who had viewed their UV photo were less likely to report having sunbathed and reported significantly greater sun protection than did controls. There were no differences in sun protection behaviors between those who had been shown their UV photo only once during the initial intervention session and those who had been sent their UV photo several times thereafter. However, among those who had been sent their UV photo several times, those who reported having viewed their photo on additional occasions reported significantly greater sun protection behaviors than those who had not. CONCLUSIONS Being randomly assigned to view a UV facial photo multiple times generally neither strengthened nor weakened effects on subsequent sun protection behaviors relative to being shown the photo just once. However, among those who were sent their photo and thus had the option of viewing it more often than they had been assigned to, those who chose to view their photo more frequently also engaged in more sun protection behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I M Mahler
- University of California, San Diego, USA; California State University, San Marcos, USA.
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22
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de Haan J, van Thienen JV, Casaer M, Hannivoort RA, Van Calsteren K, van Tuyl M, van Gerwen MM, Debeer A, Amant F, Painter RC. Severe Adverse Reaction to Vemurafenib in a Pregnant Woman with Metastatic Melanoma. Case Rep Oncol 2018; 11:119-124. [PMID: 29606950 PMCID: PMC5869570 DOI: 10.1159/000487128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies have drastically changed the management of metastatic melanoma and have shown encouraging results on tumour progression but are also known for their high rates of adverse reactions. In general, targeted therapies are contraindicated during pregnancy due to concerns about teratogenesis. For the BRAF V600 inhibitor vemurafenib, the available literature about the effects on human pregnancy is limited to a single case report. In patients with metastatic melanoma that wish to continue their pregnancy, targeted therapies like vemurafenib offer the only possibility of improving maternal outcome. In this article, we report on a pregnant woman with metastatic melanoma who was treated with vemurafenib during pregnancy and experienced a fatal adverse reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorine de Haan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes V van Thienen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Casaer
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rebekka A Hannivoort
- Departments of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel Van Calsteren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Minke van Tuyl
- Department of Neonatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde M van Gerwen
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Debeer
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rebecca C Painter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Kfoury A, Armaro M, Collodet C, Sordet-Dessimoz J, Giner MP, Christen S, Moco S, Leleu M, de Leval L, Koch U, Trumpp A, Sakamoto K, Beermann F, Radtke F. AMPK promotes survival of c-Myc-positive melanoma cells by suppressing oxidative stress. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201797673. [PMID: 29440228 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although c-Myc is essential for melanocyte development, its role in cutaneous melanoma, the most aggressive skin cancer, is only partly understood. Here we used the NrasQ61KINK4a-/- mouse melanoma model to show that c-Myc is essential for tumor initiation, maintenance, and metastasis. c-Myc-expressing melanoma cells were preferentially found at metastatic sites, correlated with increased tumor aggressiveness and high tumor initiation potential. Abrogation of c-Myc caused apoptosis in primary murine and human melanoma cells. Mechanistically, c-Myc-positive melanoma cells activated and became dependent on the metabolic energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic checkpoint kinase that plays an important role in energy and redox homeostasis under stress conditions. AMPK pathway inhibition caused apoptosis of c-Myc-expressing melanoma cells, while AMPK activation protected against cell death of c-Myc-depleted melanoma cells through suppression of oxidative stress. Furthermore, TCGA database analysis of early-stage human melanoma samples revealed an inverse correlation between C-MYC and patient survival, suggesting that C-MYC expression levels could serve as a prognostic marker for early-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Kfoury
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marzia Armaro
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Collodet
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Sordet-Dessimoz
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Christen
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marion Leleu
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ute Koch
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Beermann
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Duffy DJ, Krstic A, Schwarzl T, Halasz M, Iljin K, Fey D, Haley B, Whilde J, Haapa-Paananen S, Fey V, Fischer M, Westermann F, Henrich KO, Bannert S, Higgins DG, Kolch W. Wnt signalling is a bi-directional vulnerability of cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60310-60331. [PMID: 27531891 PMCID: PMC5312386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling is involved in the formation, metastasis and relapse of a wide array of cancers. However, there is ongoing debate as to whether activation or inhibition of the pathway holds the most promise as a therapeutic treatment for cancer, with conflicting evidence from a variety of tumour types. We show that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a bi-directional vulnerability of neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma and colorectal cancer, with hyper-activation or repression of the pathway both representing a promising therapeutic strategy, even within the same cancer type. Hyper-activation directs cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, even in cells oncogenically driven by β-catenin. Wnt inhibition blocks proliferation of cancer cells and promotes neuroblastoma differentiation. Wnt and retinoic acid co-treatments synergise, representing a promising combination treatment for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Additionally, we report novel cross-talks between MYCN and β-catenin signalling, which repress normal β-catenin mediated transcriptional regulation. A β-catenin target gene signature could predict patient outcome, as could the expression level of its DNA binding partners, the TCF/LEFs. This β-catenin signature provides a tool to identify neuroblastoma patients likely to benefit from Wnt-directed therapy. Taken together, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a bi-directional vulnerability of a number of cancer entities, and potentially a more broadly conserved feature of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Current address: The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, USA
| | - Aleksandar Krstic
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Current address: European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Dirk Fey
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bridget Haley
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jenny Whilde
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Vidal Fey
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Bannert
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Desmond G Higgins
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Liu-Smith F, Ziogas A. Age-dependent interaction between sex and geographic ultraviolet index in melanoma risk. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 82:1102-1108.e3. [PMID: 29203439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) exposure may not affect melanoma development equally in different sexes and ages. Whether and how these factors interact with each other in relation to melanoma risk is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study attempts to estimate interactions among UV index (UVI), sex, and age in melanoma risk. METHODS Melanoma incidence data were collected from 42 cancer registries. Geographic UVI was collected from local satellite stations. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the impact of each risk factor and their interactions. RESULTS Sex, UVI, and age, as well as interactions between any 2 of these factors, were significantly associated with melanoma risk. In younger age groups, female sex is an independent risk factor for melanoma that is not affected by ambient UV exposure. In older age groups, however, female sex interacts with UV exposure as a risk factor, exhibiting a protective effect. The switching age category is 45 to 49, which correlates with dramatic hormonal changes. LIMITATIONS The interaction between sex and UVI is measured at an ecologic level. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between sex and UVI is age dependent. Female sex is an independent risk factor for early-onset melanoma, but female sex also protects against UV-associated melanoma in older age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu-Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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26
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Balk SJ, Gottschlich EA, Holman DM, Watson M. Counseling on Sun Protection and Indoor Tanning. Pediatrics 2017; 140:peds.2017-1680. [PMID: 29127209 PMCID: PMC5892197 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends clinical counseling for individuals ages 10 to 24 years to decrease skin cancer risk. METHODS A national, random sample of US American Academy of Pediatrics members practicing primary care in 2002 (response rate 55%) and 2015 (response rate 43%). Surveys explored attitudes and experiences regarding sun protection counseling; indoor tanning questions were added in 2015. χ2 tests compared demographics and counseling responses across years, and multivariable logistic regression models examined counseling predictors. RESULTS More pediatricians in 2015 (34%) than in 2002 (23%) reported discussing sun protection during recent summer months with ≥75% of patients. This pattern held across all patient age groups (each P <.001). Female and suburban pediatricians counseled more; those in the South and West counseled less. More pediatricians in 2015 than in 2002 named time as a barrier. Sun protection ranked lowest among preventive topics in both years. In 2015, approximately one-third of pediatricians reported discussing indoor tanning at least once with 10 to 13 year-old patients; approximately half discussed this with older adolescents. Most (70%) did not know if their states had laws on minors' indoor tanning access; those stating they knew whether a law existed counseled more. CONCLUSIONS Although improved, sun protection counseling rates remain low. Indoor tanning counseling can be improved. Because early-life exposure to UV radiation increases risk and clinician counseling can positively impact prevention behaviors, pediatricians have an important role in skin cancer prevention; counseling may save lives. Time constraints remain a barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J. Balk
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Dawn M. Holman
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Meg Watson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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27
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Seidenberg AB, Noar SM, Sontag JM. Is initiating tanning bed use as a minor associated with increased risky tanning behaviors and burning? An exploratory study. Prev Med 2017; 105:15-18. [PMID: 28757448 PMCID: PMC5998669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tanning bed use is most common among youth and young adults, and is associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. Recently, numerous states have adopted restrictions on minors' access to tanning beds; however, little has been reported on how such policies may impact tanning behaviors and burning. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between age of indoor tanning initiation and risky tanning behaviors and burning. Female students (n=567) attending a large southeastern public university completed a questionnaire (spring of 2015) assessing tanning bed use history, including age of initiation. The analytic sample was limited to participants reporting past year indoor tanning (n=134). Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the odds of risky tanning behaviors and burning among those initiating indoor tanning before and after their 18th birthday. Participants initiating indoor tanning as a minor had significantly (ps<0.05) greater odds of using a tanning bed 10 or more times in the previous year, typically indoor tanning for ≥10min, ever indoor tanning without wearing goggles, and ever fallen asleep inside a tanning bed. Further, those that initiated as a minor had significantly greater odds of ever burning from indoor tanning (p<0.05). Indoor tanning initiation as a minor was associated with several risky tanning behaviors and burning. Youth access restrictions may help reduce the harms caused by tanning beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Seidenberg
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Seth M Noar
- School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jennah M Sontag
- School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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28
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Gambla WC, Fernandez AM, Gassman NR, Tan MCB, Daniel CL. College tanning behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and intentions: A systematic review of the literature. Prev Med 2017; 105:77-87. [PMID: 28867504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite well-established links between exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and skin cancer, UVR-based tanning behaviors persist among college students. Understanding tanning motivations, perceptions, barriers, and demographic characteristics of this population is critical to modifying these behaviors, but is limited by variability in study design, sample size, and outcomes measured in the current literature. To help clarify the tanning behaviors of this population and provide a concise reference for future studies, this review examines existing reports to determine the comparability of tanning behaviors across multiple U.S. college populations. A systematic review of the literature was performed in July 2016 to identify studies investigating tanning behaviors among U.S. college students. Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria. High rates of indoor tanning (IT) and outdoor tanning (OT) were found among college students. Key motivators included appearance, emotion, health perceptions, and the influence of parents, peers, and the media. Misconceptions regarding skin protection, low rates of sun protective behaviors, and tanning dependence were barriers against safe UVR exposure. Understudied demographic factors may account for variance in observed tanning behaviors, emphasizing the need for standardization efforts to consistently identify trends associated with geographical region, age, year in college, and sex. The findings presented in this review reaffirm that college students are at high risk for tanning-associated skin cancer, emphasizing the critical need for effective, targeted interventions. Improved interventions will reduce the burden of skin cancer within this group, ultimately contributing to longer, healthier lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Gambla
- College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Alyssa M Fernandez
- Division of Oncological Sciences, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Natalie R Gassman
- Division of Oncological Sciences, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Marcus C B Tan
- College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Casey L Daniel
- Division of Oncological Sciences, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, United States.
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29
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Seidenberg AB, Pagoto SL, Vickey TA, Linos E, Wehner MR, Costa RD, Geller AC. Tanning bed burns reported on Twitter: over 15,000 in 2013. Transl Behav Med 2017; 6:271-6. [PMID: 27356997 DOI: 10.1007/s13142-016-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Few surveillance tools exist for monitoring tanning bed injuries. Twitter data were examined to identify and describe reports of tanning bed-caused burns. Tweets sent in 2013 containing keywords for tanning bed use and burning were content analyzed to determine whether a burn caused by a tanning bed was described, and additional data on tanning behavior and burn characteristics were extracted. After content assessment, 15,178 (64 %) tweets were found to describe a tanning bed-caused burn. Sites most reportedly burnt were buttocks (n = 3117), face/head (n = 1020), and chest/breast (n = 546). Alarmingly, 200 burns to the eyes/eyelids were mentioned. A total of 456 tweets described burning >1 time from a tanning bed. A total of 211 tweets mentioned falling asleep inside the tanning bed. In 2013, over 15,000 tweets reported tanning bed-caused burns. Twitter data provides unique insight into tanning behaviors and injuries not captured through traditional public health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Seidenberg
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, CB 7440, USA.
| | - Sherry L Pagoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Eleni Linos
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mackenzie R Wehner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renata Dalla Costa
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alan C Geller
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Falzone AE, Brindis CD, Chren MM, Junn A, Pagoto S, Wehner M, Linos E. Teens, Tweets, and Tanning Beds: Rethinking the Use of Social Media for Skin Cancer Prevention. Am J Prev Med 2017; 53:S86-S94. [PMID: 28818251 PMCID: PMC5886032 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of skin cancer is rising in the U.S., and melanoma, the deadliest form, is increasing disproportionately among young white women. Indoor tanning is a modifiable risk factor for all skin cancers and continues to be used at the highest rates in young white women. Adolescents and young adults report personal appearance-based reasons for using indoor tanning. Previous research has explored the influences on tanning bed use, including individual factors as well as relationships with peers, family, schools, media influences, legislation, and societal beauty norms. Adolescents and young adults also have high rates of social media usage, and research is emerging on how best to utilize these platforms for prevention. Social media has the potential to be a cost-effective way to reach large numbers of young people and target messages at characteristics of specific audiences. Recent prevention efforts have shown that comprehensive prevention campaigns that include technology and social media are promising in reducing rates of indoor tanning among young adults. This review examines the literature on psychosocial influences on indoor tanning among adolescents and young adults, and highlights ways in which technology and social media can be used for prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Falzone
- School of Medicine, the Program for Clinical Research, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Claire D Brindis
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies and the Adolescent and Young Adult Health National Resource Center at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mary-Margaret Chren
- School of Medicine, the Program for Clinical Research, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Dermatology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexandra Junn
- School of Medicine, the Program for Clinical Research, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sherry Pagoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, Massachusetts
| | - Mackenzie Wehner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eleni Linos
- School of Medicine, the Program for Clinical Research, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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31
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Shi Q, Liu H, Han P, Li C, Wang Y, Wu W, Zhu D, Amos CI, Fang S, Lee JE, Han J, Wei Q. Genetic Variants in WNT2B and BTRC Predict Melanoma Survival. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1749-1756. [PMID: 28499756 PMCID: PMC5548422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most lethal skin cancer. The Wnt pathway has an impact on development, invasion, and metastasis of CM, thus likely affecting CM prognosis. Using data from a published genome-wide association study from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, we assessed the associations of 19,830 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 151 Wnt pathway autosomal genes with CM-specific survival and then validated significant SNPs in another genome-wide association study from Harvard University. In the single-locus analysis, 1,855 SNPs were significantly associated with CM-specific survival at P < 0.05, of which 547 SNPs were still considered noteworthy after the correction by the false-positive report probability. In the replication, two SNPs remained significantly associated with CM-specific survival after multiple comparison correction. By performing functional prediction and stepwise selection, we identified two independent SNPs (i.e., WNT2B rs1175649 G>T and BTRC rs61873997 G>A) that showed a predictive role in CM-specific survival, with an effect-allele-attributed hazards ratio (adjusted hazards ratio) of 1.99 (95% confidence interval = 1.41-2.81, P = 8.10 × 10-5) and 0.61 (0.46-0.80, 3.12×10-4), respectively. Collectively, these variants in the Wnt pathway genes may be biomarkers for outcomes of patients with CM, if validated by larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peng Han
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dakai Zhu
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shenying Fang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Is Pregnancy-Associated Melanoma Associated with Adverse Outcomes? J Am Coll Surg 2017; 225:149-158. [PMID: 28457692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is the most common malignancy encountered during pregnancy. Conflicting data have led to ongoing confusion regarding pregnancy-associated melanoma (PAM) in the media and among the public. The objective of this study was to better characterize both the clinical presentation of PAM and its prognostic implications. STUDY DESIGN Female patients of reproductive age, with stage 0 to IV cutaneous melanoma, were identified from our prospectively maintained database. Clinical and histopathologic factors were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods. Univariable and then multivariable analysis were used on matched data to compare disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and melanoma-specific survival (MSS) for stage 0-III PAMs vs non-PAMs. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were then plotted for OS and MSS and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS The clinical presentation of melanoma was similar for PAM and non-PAM patients. There was no significant difference in recurrence between the 2 groups; for PAM patients, 38.5% of patients had recurrence, as compared with 36.6% of non-PAM patients (p = 0.641). For PAM patients, median follow-up was 14.6 years (range 0 to 42.6 years) and 11.1 years (0 to 48.5 years) for the non-PAM patients. No significant differences in DFS, MSS, or OS were identified on univariable or multivariable analysis for PAM vs non-PAM patients in stage 0/I/II and stage III cutaneous melanoma, respectively (p = 0.880 DFS, p = 0.219 OS, and p = 0.670 MSS). CONCLUSIONS We observed no difference in DFS, OS, or MSS between the 2 groups. Pregnant patients should be screened for melanoma in a similar manner to nonpregnant patients and should be counseled that their survival is not adversely affected by their pregnancy.
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Mahler HIM. The relative role of cognitive and emotional reactions in mediating the effects of a social comparison sun protection intervention. Psychol Health 2017; 33:235-257. [PMID: 28398091 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1310860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This experiment examined the cognitive and emotional impact of two social comparison-based sun protection interventions in a sample of Southern California college students (N = 223). One of the interventions employed comparison UV photos of peers who had either much more (downward social comparison) or much less (upward social comparison) skin damage than did participants themselves. The second intervention consisted of descriptive norms information suggesting that a large majority of the participants' peer group regularly protect their skin from the sun. DESIGN Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions in a 4 (Social Comparison Information: no photo vs. no comparison photos vs. upward comparison photos vs. downward comparison photos) × 2 (Descriptive Norms Information: Received vs. not received) design. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Emotional reactions (e.g. worry, embarrassment, relief) and sun-related cognitive reactions (perceived susceptibility, sun protection intentions) were assessed immediately. Sun protection behaviours were assessed in a surprise telephone follow-up five weeks following the intervention. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the combination of seeing photos of peers who had very little sun damage and learning that a majority of one's peers engage in regular sun protection resulted in reliably greater subsequent sun protection than all other conditions. Further, there was relatively direct evidence that both negative emotional reactions and sun protection intentions mediated this effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to the growing literature suggesting the importance of thoroughly examining the role of emotions in health behaviour decisions. Both theory and intervention efficacy would benefit from a better understanding of the relative role of cognitions and emotions in behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike I M Mahler
- a Department of Psychology 0109 , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.,b Psychology Department , California State University San Marcos , San Marcos , CA , USA
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Quintero Ruiz N, Córdoba Campo Y, Stashenko EE, Fuentes JL. Antigenotoxic Effect Against Ultraviolet Radiation-induced DNA Damage of the Essential Oils from Lippia Species. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1063-1072. [PMID: 28178379 DOI: 10.1111/php.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antigenotoxicity against ultraviolet radiation (UV)-induced DNA damage of essential oils (EO) from Lippia species was studied using SOS Chromotest. Based on the minimum concentration that significantly inhibits genotoxicity, the genoprotective potential of EO from highest to lowest was Lippia graveolens, thymol-RC ≈ Lippia origanoides, carvacrol-RC ≈ L. origanoides, thymol-RC > Lippia alba, citral-RC ≈ Lippia citriodora, citral-RC ≈ Lippia micromera, thymol-RC > L. alba, myrcenone-RC. EO from L. alba, carvone/limonene-RC, L. origanoides, α-phellandrene-RC and L. dulcis, trans-β-caryophyllene-RC did not reduce the UV genotoxicity at any of the doses tested. A gas chromatography with flame ionization detection analysis (GC-FID) was conducted to evaluate the solubility of the major EO constituents under our experimental conditions. GC-FID analysis showed that, at least partially, major EO constituents were water-soluble and therefore, they were related with the antigenotoxicity detected for EO. Constituents such as p-cymene, geraniol, carvacrol, thymol, citral and 1,8-cineole showed antigenotoxicity. The antioxidant activity of EO constituents was also determined using the oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay. The results showed that the antigenotoxicity of the EO constituents was unconnected with their antioxidant activity. The antigenotoxicity to different constituent binary mixtures suggests that synergistic effects can occur in some of the studied EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Quintero Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Yuri Córdoba Campo
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Arutyunyan S, Alfonso SV, Hernandez N, Favreau T, Fernández MI. Predictors of Sunburn Risk Among Florida Residents. J Osteopath Med 2017; 117:150-157. [DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2017.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context: The incidence of skin cancer, the most common type of cancer in the United States, is increasing. Sunburn is a major modifiable risk factor for skin cancer, and its prevalence among the US population is high.
Objectives: To identify predictors of having had a red or painful sunburn in the past 12 months among people living in Florida.
Methods: Florida residents were recruited from public places and online. They were asked to complete an anonymous cross-sectional survey that assessed demographic information, dermatologic history, as well as knowledge, attitude, and behavior factors associated with sunburn.
Results: A total of 437 participants whose data were complete for all variables were included in the multivariate analysis. In multivariate logistic regression, younger age (18-29 years) was the most significant predictor of sunburn (OR, 15.26; 95% CI, 5.97-38.98; P<.001). Other significant predictors included identifying as nonwhite (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.90; P<.02), having had a full-body skin examination by a physician (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.03-3.14; P<.04), reporting higher levels of skin sensitivity to the sun (OR, 4.63; 95% CI, 2.07-10.34; P<.001), having a less favorable attitude toward sun protection (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.94; P<.001), having high perceived vulnerability to skin cancer (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05-1.41; P<.009), and spending less than 1 hour outside between 10 am and 4 pm on weekends (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.96; P<.04). The model was statistically significant at P<.001 and correctly classified 78% of participants.
Conclusions: Sunburn prevention programs that osteopathic physicians can readily implement in clinical practice are urgently needed, particularly for young adult patients. This study identified 7 predictors of sunburn in Florida residents. With additional research findings, promoting attitude change toward sun protection may be a viable strategy.
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Brown K, Yang P, Salvador D, Kulikauskas R, Ruohola-Baker H, Robitaille AM, Chien AJ, Moon RT, Sherwood V. WNT/β-catenin signaling regulates mitochondrial activity to alter the oncogenic potential of melanoma in a PTEN-dependent manner. Oncogene 2017; 36:3119-3136. [PMID: 28092677 PMCID: PMC5467017 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of WNT/β-catenin signaling has a crucial role in the onset and progression of cancers, where the effects are not always predictable depending on tumor context. In melanoma, for example, models of the disease predict differing effects of the WNT/β-catenin pathway on metastatic progression. Understanding the processes that underpin the highly context-dependent nature of WNT/β-catenin signaling in tumors is essential to achieve maximal therapeutic benefit from WNT inhibitory compounds. In this study, we have found that expression of the tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), alters the invasive potential of melanoma cells in response to WNT/β-catenin signaling, correlating with differing metabolic profiles. This alters the bioenergetic potential and mitochondrial activity of melanoma cells, triggered through regulation of pro-survival autophagy. Thus, WNT/β-catenin signaling is a regulator of catabolic processes in cancer cells, which varies depending on the metabolic requirements of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brown
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - P Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Salvador
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - R Kulikauskas
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A M Robitaille
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A J Chien
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R T Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - V Sherwood
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Fuentes JL, García Forero A, Quintero Ruiz N, Prada Medina CA, Rey Castellanos N, Franco Niño DA, Contreras García DA, Córdoba Campo Y, Stashenko EE. The SOS Chromotest applied for screening plant antigenotoxic agents against ultraviolet radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1424-1434. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We proposed the SOS Chromotest for bioprospecting of plant genoprotective agents against UV-induced genotoxicity. The Colombian flora resulted to be a source of antigenotoxic compounds against UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - A. García Forero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - N. Quintero Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - C. A. Prada Medina
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - N. Rey Castellanos
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - D. A. Franco Niño
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - D. A. Contreras García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - Y. Córdoba Campo
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas
- CIBIMOL
- Centro de Investigación de Excelencia
- CENIVAM
- UIS
| | - E. E. Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas
- CIBIMOL
- Centro de Investigación de Excelencia
- CENIVAM
- UIS
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Wei EX, Qureshi AA, Han J, Li TY, Cho E, Lin JY, Li WQ. Trends in the diagnosis and clinical features of melanoma in situ (MIS) in US men and women: A prospective, observational study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75:698-705. [PMID: 27436155 PMCID: PMC5030168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of melanoma in situ (MIS) is increasing, but little is known about its clinical and epidemiologic features. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine trends in diagnosis and clinical features of MIS. METHODS Incident cases of melanoma were collected prospectively from the Nurses' Health Study (1976-2010) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2010). RESULTS MIS incidence increased from 2 to 42 per 100,000 person-year among women, and from 11 to 73 per 100,000 person-year among men, exceeding the rate of increase of invasive melanomas. Melanoma mortality initially increased during the follow-up period then plateaued. Men were more likely than women to develop in situ melanomas on the upper half of the body (P < .001). Invasive melanomas were diagnosed at a younger age than MIS (P < .001), and were more likely to be found on the lower extremities than MIS (P < .001). LIMITATIONS This is a strictly descriptive study without examination into mechanisms. CONCLUSION We found epidemiologic and clinical differences for in situ and invasive melanomas, which support further examination into the variations in etiologic pathways. The lack of improvement in mortality despite the increase in detection of in situ relative to invasive lesions further highlights the need to improve invasive melanoma-specific clinical screening features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin X Wei
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jiali Han
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tricia Y Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jennifer Y Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Le Clair MZ, Cockburn MG. Tanning bed use and melanoma: Establishing risk and improving prevention interventions. Prev Med Rep 2016; 3:139-44. [PMID: 27419006 PMCID: PMC4929140 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from indoor tanning devices is thought to cause melanoma and other negative health consequences. Despite these findings, the practice of indoor tanning in the United States remains prevalent. In this paper we aim to present a clear discussion of the relationship between indoor tanning and melanoma risk, and to identify potential strategies for effective melanoma prevention by addressing indoor tanning device use. BASIC PROCEDURES We reviewed relevant literature on the risks of indoor tanning, current indoor tanning legislation, and trends in indoor tanning and melanoma incidence. Study was conducted at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA between the years of 2014 and 2015. MAIN FINDINGS Our findings reaffirm the relationship between indoor tanning and melanoma risk, and suggest a widespread public misunderstanding of the negative effects of indoor tanning. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS This review argues for an aggressive initiative to reduce indoor tanning in the United States, to design prevention efforts tailored towards specific high risk groups, and the need to better inform the public of the risks of indoor tanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Z. Le Clair
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Myles G. Cockburn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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41
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Kelley DE, Noar SM, Myrick JG, Morales-Pico B, Zeitany A, Thomas NE. An Empirical Analysis of Indoor Tanners: Implications for Audience Segmentation in Campaigns. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2016; 21:564-574. [PMID: 27115046 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tanning bed use before age 35 has been strongly associated with several types of skin cancer. The current study sought to advance an understanding of audience segmentation for indoor tanning among young women. Panhellenic sorority systems at two universities in the Southeastern United States participated in this study. A total of 1,481 young women took the survey; 421 (28%) had tanned indoors in the previous 12 months and were the focus of the analyses reported in this article. Results suggested two distinct tanner types: regular (n = 60) and irregular (n = 353) tanners. Regular tanners tanned more frequently (M = 36.2 vs. 8.6 times per year) and reported significantly higher positive outcome expectations (p < .001) and lower negative outcome expectations (p < .01) than irregular tanners, among other significant differences. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis revealed several significant (p < .001) predictors of regular tanning type, with tanning dependence emerging as the strongest predictor of this classification (OR = 2.25). Implications for developing anti-tanning messages directed at regular and irregular tanners are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle E Kelley
- a School of Media and Journalism , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Seth M Noar
- a School of Media and Journalism , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
- b Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | | | - Brenda Morales-Pico
- d School of Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Alexandra Zeitany
- d School of Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Nancy E Thomas
- b Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
- d School of Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
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Saleh GM, Desai P, Collin JRO, Ives A, Jones T, Hussain B. Incidence of eyelid basal cell carcinoma in England: 2000-2010. Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 101:209-212. [PMID: 27130914 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-308261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most frequently diagnosed type of skin cancer, with eyelid (including canthus) BCCs accounting for a notable proportion of these. Using population-based data from the English Cancer Registries, we report here the incidence of eyelid BCCs in England, for the period 2000-2010. METHODS ICD-10 and histology codes for eyelid BCCs (including canthus) from the English National Cancer Data Repository were used to identify incident events. Crude incidence rates by age and sex, together with directly standardised incidence rates for eyelid BCCs in England in 3-year cohorts, are presented, in keeping with the reporting practice of the English Cancer Registries. RESULTS Over the 11-year study period, there were a total of 33 610 recorded eyelid BCCs; 18 146 in females and 15 464 in males. There were regional variations in registrations. Incidence of eyelid BCCs increased with age. No major change in the age-standardised incidence of BCC was observed during the period 2000-2010. Overall, the age-standardised incidence of BCCs during 2008-2010 was similar for males and females (4.51 per 100 000 (95% CI 4.37 to 4.65) and 4.53 per 100 000 (95% CI 4.40 to 4.67), respectively). However, females under 50 years of age had higher incidence rates, and males over 75 years of age had higher rates. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide the current frequency and distribution of eyelid BCCs in England, highlighting opportunities for health education and improving reporting and registration of events, and for informing service planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Saleh
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | | | | | - Alexander Ives
- Knowledge and Intelligence Team (South West), Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Tim Jones
- Knowledge and Intelligence Team (South West), Public Health England, London, UK
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Seidenberg AB, Noar SM, Sontag JM. Support for Tanning Bed Control Policies Among Female University Students. Am J Prev Med 2016; 50:e121-e122. [PMID: 26810357 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Seidenberg
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Seth M Noar
- School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennah M Sontag
- School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Tellez A, Rueda S, Conic RZ, Powers K, Galdyn I, Mesinkovska NA, Gastman B. Risk factors and outcomes of cutaneous melanoma in women less than 50 years of age. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74:731-8. [PMID: 26803345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer in the United States, with recent reports indicating increasing incidence among young women. OBJECTIVE This study sought to investigate histopathology, staging, risk factors, and outcomes of cutaneous melanoma in women younger than 50 years. METHODS All female patients aged up to 49 years with biopsy-proven diagnosis of melanoma between 1988 and 2012 were included. Patients with a follow-up of less than 2 years were excluded. RESULTS A total of 462 patients were identified, with mean age of 34.7 years. Invasive melanoma was less common in women 19 years of age or younger (P < .0008). Positive sentinel node status (P < .008), recurrence rates, metastatic disease (P < .001), and death rates (P < .008) were higher for women ages 40 to 49 years. The 41 patients with a pregnancy-associated melanoma had a significantly worse prognosis in comparison with a control group of nonpregnant patients, with a 9-fold increase in recurrence (P < .001), 7-fold increase in metastasis (P = .03) and 5-fold increase in mortality (P = .06). LIMITATIONS This was a retrospective study. CONCLUSION The increasing incidence of melanoma for women younger than 50 years suggests that regular skin checks and self-examinations are warranted. In addition, in women given the diagnosis of melanoma during or within 1 year after childbirth, regular follow-up and monitoring for recurrence are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Rueda
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ruzica Z Conic
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kristin Powers
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Izabela Galdyn
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | | | - Brian Gastman
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Davis R, Loescher LJ, Rogers J, Spartonos D, Snyder A, Koch S, Harris RB. Evaluation of Project Students are Sun Safe (SASS): A University Student-Delivered Skin Cancer Prevention Program for Schools. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2015; 30:736-742. [PMID: 25417824 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-014-0742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the USA and is increasing in children and young adults. Adolescents are an important target population for sun-safety interventions with ultraviolet radiation as the strongest risk factor for developing skin cancer. Schools are an ideal setting to intervene with adolescents. A novel Arizona skin cancer prevention in-class education-activity program, Project 'Students are Sun Safe' (SASS), was designed to be delivered by university students for middle school and high school students. Participant students completed the pre- and post-program tests and a satisfaction questionnaire; teachers completed reviews. The evaluation examined the program's influence on participants' sun-safety knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors; satisfaction with the program; and intent to change. After exposure to Project SASS, participants were more likely to perceive a high risk of skin cancer, report negative attitudes toward tanned skin, and answer knowledge-based questions correctly. There were minimal differences in self-reported sun-safety behaviors, though participants did report intent to change. Both participants and teachers were satisfied with the program. Project SASS appears to be an effective sun-safety program for middle school and high school students for knowledge and perceptions, and the results confirm that appropriately tailoring program components to the target population has strong potential to impact adolescent perceived susceptibility, knowledge, and behavioral intent. The strengths and weaknesses of Project SASS have many implications for public health practice, and Project SASS may hold promise to be a model for skin cancer prevention in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeann Davis
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA.
- University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Lois J Loescher
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA.
- College of Nursing, The University of Arizona, 1305 N. Martin Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Jillian Rogers
- Scottsdale Healthcare, Arizona State University, 4629 E. Charleston Ave. Phoenix, Arizona, 85032, USA
| | - Denise Spartonos
- Skin Cancer Institute, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Ave. Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Aimee Snyder
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Stephanie Koch
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA
- Skin Cancer Institute, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Ave. Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Robin B Harris
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA
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Haluza D, Schwab M, Simic S, Cervinka R, Moshammer H. Perceived Relevance of Educative Information on Public (Skin) Health: Results of a Representative, Population-Based Telephone Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:14260-74. [PMID: 26569274 PMCID: PMC4661645 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121114260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Individual skin health attitudes are influenced by various factors, including public education campaigns, mass media, family, and friends. Evidence-based, educative information materials assist communication and decision-making in doctor-patient interactions. The present study aims at assessing the prevailing use of skin health information material and sources and their impact on skin health knowledge, motives to tan, and sun protection. We conducted a questionnaire survey among a representative sample of Austrian residents. Print media and television were perceived as the two most relevant sources for skin health information, whereas the source physician was ranked third. Picking the information source physician increased participants' skin health knowledge (p = 0.025) and sun-protective behavior (p < 0.001). The study results highlight the demand for targeted health messages to attain lifestyle changes towards photo-protective habits. Providing resources that encourage pro-active counseling in every-day doctor-patient communication could increase skin health knowledge and sun-protective behavior, and thus, curb the rise in skin cancer incidence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Haluza
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Markus Schwab
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stana Simic
- Institute of Meteorology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Renate Cervinka
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hanns Moshammer
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Markowitz O, Schwartz M, Feldman E, Bienenfeld A, Bieber AK, Ellis J, Alapati U, Lebwohl M, Siegel DM. Evaluation of Optical Coherence Tomography as a Means of Identifying Earlier Stage Basal Cell Carcinomas while Reducing the Use of Diagnostic Biopsy. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2015; 8:14-20. [PMID: 26557214 PMCID: PMC4633207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography for basal cell carcinoma and the proportion of biopsies that could be avoided if optical coherence tomography is used to rule-in surgery. DESIGN Multicenter, prospective, observational study. SETTING Dermatology clinics. PARTICIPANTS Consecutive patients with clinically challenging pink lesions suspicious for basal cell carcinoma. MEASUREMENTS Clinical, dermoscopic, and optical coherence tomography images were obtained for all subjects. At each stage, the clinician made a diagnosis (pathology + subtype if applicable), and assessed his/her own confidence in the diagnosis. RESULTS Optical coherence tomography significantly (p<0.01) improved sensitivity and specificity over clinical or dermoscopic evaluation. The percentage of correct diagnoses was 57.4 percent (clinical), 69.6 percent (dermoscopy), and 87.8 percent (optical coherence tomography). Optical coherence tomography significantly increased the certainty of diagnosis; clinicians indicated they were certain (>95% confident) in 17 percent of lesions examined clinically, in 38.6 percent examined with dermoscopy, and in 70 percent examined with optical coherence tomography. With the use of optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, more than 1 in 3 patients could avoid a diagnostic biopsy. CONCLUSION In a population of clinically challenging lesions, optical coherence tomography improved diagnostic certainty by a factor of four over clinical examination alone and improved diagnostic accuracy by 50 percent (57-88%). The addition of optical coherence tomography to other standard assessments can improve the false-positive rate and give a high degree of certainty for ruling in a positive diagnosis for basal cell carcinoma. A reduction of 36 percent in overall biopsies could be achieved by sending high certainty basal cell carcinoma positive optical coherence tomography diagnoses straight to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Markowitz
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn New York
- Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Michelle Schwartz
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn New York
- Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Eleanor Feldman
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn New York
- Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Amanda Bienenfeld
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn New York
- Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Amy K. Bieber
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
- New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn New York
- Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jeffery Ellis
- Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
- Belaray Dermatology, Hicksville, New York
| | - Usha Alapati
- New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn New York
- Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Daniel M. Siegel
- New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn New York
- Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
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Segatto MM, Bonamigo RR, Hohmann CB, Müller KR, Bakos L, Mastroeni S, Fortes C. Residential and occupational exposure to pesticides may increase risk for cutaneous melanoma: a case-control study conducted in the south of Brazil. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:e527-38. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Renan R. Bonamigo
- Graduate Program in Pathology; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Dermatology Service; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Brazil
| | | | - Karen Reetz Müller
- Dermatology Service; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Brazil
| | - Lucio Bakos
- Dermatology Service; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Simona Mastroeni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (Immacolata Institute of Dermatology); Rome Italy
| | - Cristina Fortes
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (Immacolata Institute of Dermatology); Rome Italy
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Hodges M, Jones E, Jones T, Pearlman N, Gajdos C, Kounalakis N, McCarter M. Analysis of melanoma recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy. Melanoma Manag 2015; 2:285-294. [PMID: 30190855 DOI: 10.2217/mmt.15.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to the characteristics and outcomes of patients who experience distant, local or regional recurrence of melanoma following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy. This article aims to review the published literature on the topic and presents some general summaries regarding this patient population. Patients who experience a disease recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy have a worse overall survival compared with patients with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy. The implications and possible explanations for these findings are discussed in order to both underscore the need for in-depth investigation of local, regional or distant melanoma recurrence among patients following a true negative sentinel lymph node biopsy, as well as increased efforts to minimize the rate of false negative sentinel lymph node biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Hodges
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward Jones
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Teresa Jones
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nathan Pearlman
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Csaba Gajdos
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nicole Kounalakis
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Martin McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Friedman B, English JC, Ferris LK. Indoor Tanning, Skin Cancer and the Young Female Patient: A Review of the Literature. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2015; 28:275-83. [PMID: 26119073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Young, non-Hispanic white females represent the population most likely to use indoor tanning facilities. This population may be at increased risk of skin cancer as recent meta-analyses support a strong association between cutaneous malignancy and indoor tanning. Public perception of the purported health benefits of indoor tanning may be partially to blame for the popularity of tanning salons as a desire to prepare skin prior to sun exposure is among the most commonly cited motivations for indoor tanning. Improving education and counseling to address misconceptions regarding tanning safety will require the participation of healthcare providers for both physical and psychological screenings as well as for information dissemination. This review presents the association between tanning bed use and skin cancer, biological effects of UV radiation exposure, UV burden associated with tanning devices, public perception of tanning, demographic and psychological profile of indoor tanners, and current legislation regulating tanning bed use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Friedman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph C English
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Laura K Ferris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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