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Vlashi R, Sun F, Zheng C, Zhang X, Liu J, Chen G. The molecular biology of NF2/Merlin on tumorigenesis and development. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23809. [PMID: 38967126 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400019rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene, known for encoding the tumor suppressor protein Merlin, is central to the study of tumorigenesis and associated cellular processes. This review comprehensively examines the multifaceted role of NF2/Merlin, detailing its structural characteristics, functional diversity, and involvement in various signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo, TGF-β, RTKs, mTOR, Notch, and Hedgehog. These pathways are crucial for cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. NF2 mutations are specifically linked to the development of schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas, although the precise mechanisms of tumor formation in these specific cell types remain unclear. Additionally, the review explores Merlin's role in embryogenesis, highlighting the severe developmental defects and embryonic lethality caused by NF2 deficiency. The potential therapeutic strategies targeting these genetic aberrations are also discussed, emphasizing inhibitors of mTOR, HDAC, and VEGF as promising avenues for treatment. This synthesis of current knowledge underscores the necessity for ongoing research to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of NF2/Merlin and develop effective therapeutic strategies, ultimately aiming to improve the prognosis and quality of life for individuals with NF2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexhina Vlashi
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuju Sun
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenggong Zheng
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopaedics & Skeletal Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Li H, Wang G, Zhao G, Liu H, Liu L, Cao Y, Li C. TGF-β1 maintains the developmental potential of embryonic submandibular gland epithelia separated with mesenchyme. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33506. [PMID: 39040362 PMCID: PMC11261778 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on epithelial development using an ex vivo model of submandibular gland (SMG) epithelial-mesenchymal separation. Materials and methods The ex vivo model was established by separating E13 mouse SMG epithelia and mesenchyme, culturing them independently for 24 h, recombining them, and observing branching morphogenesis. Microarray analysis was performed to evaluate the transcriptome of epithelia treated with and without 1 ng/ml TGF-β1. Differential gene expression, pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction networks were analyzed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were employed to validate the mRNA and protein levels. Results Recombined SMGs using separated epithelia and mesenchyme that were cultured for 24 h showed a significant inhibition of epithelial development compared to SMGs recombined immediately after separation. The level of TGF-β1 decreased in the SMG epithelia after epithelia-mesenchyme separation. Epithelia that were separated from mesenchyme for 24 h and pretreated with 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 continued to develop after recombination with mesenchyme, while epithelia without 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 treatment did not. Microarray analysis suggested pathway enrichment related to epithelial development and an upregulation of Sox2 in the 1 ng/ml TGF-β1-treated epithelia. Further experiments validated the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3, upregulation of SOX2 and genes associated with epithelial development, including Prol1, Dcpp1, Bhlha15, Smgc, and Bpifa2. Additionally, 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 inhibited epithelial apoptosis by improving the BCL2/BAX ratio and reducing cleaved caspase 3. Conclusions The addition of 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 maintained the developmental potential of embryonic SMG epithelia separated from mesenchyme for 24 h. This suggests that 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 may partially compensate for the role of mesenchyme during the separation phase, although its compensation is limited in extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guile Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huabing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Wang B, Li Z, An W, Fan G, Li D, Qin L. Duct ligation/de-ligation model: exploring mechanisms for salivary gland injury and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1399934. [PMID: 38983787 PMCID: PMC11231214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1399934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialadenitis and sialadenitis-induced sialopathy are typically caused by obstruction of the salivary gland ducts. Atrophy of the salivary glands in experimental animals caused by duct ligation exhibits a histopathology similar to that of salivary gland sialadenitis. Therefore, a variety of duct ligation/de-ligation models have been commonly employed to study salivary gland injury and regeneration. Duct ligation is mainly characterised by apoptosis and activation of different signaling pathways in parenchymal cells, which eventually leads to gland atrophy and progressive dysfunction. By contrast, duct de-ligation can initiate the recovery of gland structure and function by regenerating the secretory tissue. This review summarizes the animal duct ligation/de-ligation models that have been used for the examination of pathological fundamentals in salivary disorders, in order to unravel the pathological changes and underlying mechanisms involved in salivary gland injury and regeneration. These experimental models have contributed to developing effective and curative strategies for gland dysfunction and providing plausible solutions for overcoming salivary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gaiping Fan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Muñoz Forti K, Weisman GA, Jasmer KJ. Cell type-specific transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in the regulation of salivary gland fibrosis and regeneration. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:257-272. [PMID: 38559587 PMCID: PMC10979288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland damage and hypofunction result from various disorders, including autoimmune Sjögren's disease (SjD) and IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), as well as a side effect of radiotherapy for treating head and neck cancers. There are no therapeutic strategies to prevent the loss of salivary gland function in these disorders nor facilitate functional salivary gland regeneration. However, ongoing aquaporin-1 gene therapy trials to restore saliva flow show promise. To identify and develop novel therapeutic targets, we must better understand the cell-specific signaling processes involved in salivary gland regeneration. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is essential to tissue fibrosis, a major endpoint in salivary gland degeneration, which develops in the salivary glands of patients with SjD, IgG4-RD, and radiation-induced damage. Though the deposition and remodeling of extracellular matrix proteins are essential to repair salivary gland damage, pathological fibrosis results in tissue hardening and chronic salivary gland dysfunction orchestrated by multiple cell types, including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, stromal cells, and lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune cell populations. This review is focused on the role of TGF-β signaling in the development of salivary gland fibrosis and the potential for targeting TGF-β as a novel therapeutic approach to regenerate functional salivary glands. The studies presented highlight the divergent roles of TGF-β signaling in salivary gland development and dysfunction and illuminate specific cell populations in damaged or diseased salivary glands that mediate the effects of TGF-β. Overall, these studies strongly support the premise that blocking TGF-β signaling holds promise for the regeneration of functional salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, United States
| | - Gary A. Weisman
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Jasmer
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, United States
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Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:61. [PMID: 38514615 PMCID: PMC10958066 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Sisto M, Lisi S. Epigenetic Regulation of EMP/EMT-Dependent Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2775. [PMID: 38474021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis represents a process characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. It often represents the evolution of pathological conditions, causes organ failure, and can, in extreme cases, compromise the functionality of organs to the point of causing death. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying fibrotic evolution and to identify possible therapeutic strategies. Great interest has been aroused by the discovery of a molecular association between epithelial to mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), in particular epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and fibrogenesis, which has led to the identification of complex molecular mechanisms closely interconnected with each other, which could explain EMT-dependent fibrosis. However, the result remains unsatisfactory from a therapeutic point of view. In recent years, advances in epigenetics, based on chromatin remodeling through various histone modifications or through the intervention of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have provided more information on the fibrotic process, and this could represent a promising path forward for the identification of innovative therapeutic strategies for organ fibrosis. In this review, we summarize current research on epigenetic mechanisms involved in organ fibrosis, with a focus on epigenetic regulation of EMP/EMT-dependent fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 1, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lisi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 1, I-70124 Bari, Italy
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Gu YY, Liu XS, Lan HY. Therapeutic potential for renal fibrosis by targeting Smad3-dependent noncoding RNAs. Mol Ther 2024; 32:313-324. [PMID: 38093516 PMCID: PMC10861968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a characteristic hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that ultimately results in renal failure, leaving patients with few therapeutic options. TGF-β is a master regulator of renal fibrosis and mediates progressive renal fibrosis via both canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. In the canonical Smad signaling, Smad3 is a key mediator in tissue fibrosis and mediates renal fibrosis via a number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). In this regard, targeting Smad3-dependent ncRNAs may offer a specific therapy for renal fibrosis. This review highlights the significance and innovation of TGF-β/Smad3-associated ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in renal fibrogenesis. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of these ncRNAs and their future perspectives in the treatment of renal fibrosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen Z, Chen X, Zhu B, Yu H, Bao X, Hou Y, Song W, Sun S, Li Z. TGF-β1 Triggers Salivary Hypofunction via Attenuating Protein Secretion and AQP5 Expression in Human Submandibular Gland Cells. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2803-2813. [PMID: 37549151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related salivary gland degeneration usually causes poor oral health. Periductal fibrosis frequently occurs in the submandibular gland of the elderly. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is the primary driving factor for fibrosis, which exhibits an increase in the fibrotic submandibular gland tissue. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TGF-β1 on the human submandibular gland (HSG) cell secretory function and its influences on aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expressions and distribution. We found that TGF-β1 reduces the protein secretion amount of HSG and leads to the abundance alteration of 151 secretory proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD043185. The majority of HSG secretory proteins (84.11%) could be matched to the human saliva proteome. Meanwhile, TGF-β1 enhances the expression of COL4A2, COL5A1, COL7A1, COL1A1, COL2A1, and α-SMA, hinting that TGF-β1 possesses the potential to drive HSG fibrosis-related events. Besides, TGF-β1 also attenuates the AQP5 expression and its membrane distribution in HSGs. The percentage for TGF-β1-induced AQP5 reduction (52.28%) is much greater than that of the TGF-β1-induced secretory protein concentration reduction (16.53%). Taken together, we concluded that TGF-β1 triggers salivary hypofunction via attenuating protein secretion and AQP5 expression in HSGs, which may be associated with TGF-β1-driven fibrosis events in HSGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqin Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Bojing Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Hanjie Yu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Bao
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yao Hou
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Wanghua Song
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Shisheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
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Guggino G, Rizzo C, Mohammadnezhad L, Lo Pizzo M, Lentini VL, Di Liberto D, La Barbera L, Raimondo S, Shekarkar Azgomi M, Urzì O, Berardicurti O, Campisi G, Alessandro R, Giacomelli R, Dieli F, Ciccia F. Possible role for IL-40 and IL-40-producing cells in the lymphocytic infiltrated salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. RMD Open 2023; 9:rmdopen-2022-002738. [PMID: 37137540 PMCID: PMC10163598 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aim of this study was to investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-40, a new cytokine associated with B cells homoeostasis and immune response, in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) and in pSS-associated lymphomas. METHODS 29 patients with pSS and 24 controls were enrolled. Minor salivary gland (MSG) biopsies from patients, controls and parotid gland biopsies from pSS-associated lymphoma were obtained. Quantitative gene expression analysis by TaqMan real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for IL-40 were performed on MSG. MSG cellular sources of IL-40 were determined by flow-cytometry and immunofluorescence. Serum concentration of IL-40 was assessed by ELISA and cellular sources of IL-40 were determined by flow-cytometry. An in vitro assay with recombinant IL-40 (rIL-40) was performed to detect the effect on cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS IL-40 was significantly increased in the lymphocytic infiltrated MSG of patients with pSS and correlated with focus score and with IL-4 and transforming growth factor-β expression. In addition, IL-40 was increased in the serum of pSS and its levels correlated with the EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index score. B cells from patients were shown to be the major source of IL-40 at both tissue and peripheral level. PBMCs from patients, exposed to rIL-40 in vitro, released proinflammatory cytokines, specifically interferon-γ from B cells and T-CD8+ and tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-17 from both T-CD4+ and T-CD8+. IL-40 expression in parotid glands of pSS-associated lymphomas was also increased. Moreover, IL-40-driven NETosis was evidenced in neutrophils obtained from pSS. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that IL-40 may play a role in pSS pathogenesis and pSS-associated lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Guggino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology section - "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology section - "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Leila Mohammadnezhad
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, Immunology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Marianna Lo Pizzo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, Immunology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | | | - Diana Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, Immunology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Lidia La Barbera
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology section - "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology section - "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Ornella Urzì
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Onorina Berardicurti
- Unit of Allergology, Immunology, Rheumatology, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences - "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Unit of Allergology, Immunology, Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, Immunology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Campania, Italy
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Zhang Z, Li H, Wang G, Zhao G, Li C, Cao Y. Thrombospondin-1 and prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 3 as potential biomarkers of salivary gland fibrosis. J Dent Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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11
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Jeon J, Han EY, Jung I. MOPA: An integrative multi-omics pathway analysis method for measuring omics activity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278272. [PMID: 36928437 PMCID: PMC10019735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathways are composed of proteins forming a network to represent specific biological mechanisms and are often used to measure enrichment scores based on a list of genes in means to measure their biological activity. The pathway analysis is a de facto standard downstream analysis procedure in most genomic and transcriptomic studies. Here, we present MOPA (Multi-Omics Pathway Analysis), which is a multi-omics integrative method that scores individual pathways in a sample wise manner in terms of enriched multi-omics regulatory activity, which we refer to mES (multi-omics Enrichment Score). The mES score reflects the strength of regulatory relations between multi-omics in units of pathways. In addition, MOPA is able to measure how much each omics contribute to mES that may be used to observe what kind of omics are active in a pathway within a sample group (e.g., subtype, gender), which we refer to OCR (Omics Contribution Rate). Using nine different cancer types, 93 clinical features and three types of omics (i.e., gene expression, miRNA and methylation), MOPA was used to search for clinical features that were explainable in context of multi-omics. By evaluating the performance of MOPA, we showed that it yielded higher or at least equal performance compared to previous single and multi-omics pathway analysis tools. We find that the advantage of MOPA is the ability to explain pathways in terms of omics relation using mES and OCR. As one of the results, the TGF-beta signaling pathway was captured as an important pathway that showed distinct mES and OCR values specific to the CMS4 subtype in colon adenocarcinoma. The mES and OCR metrics suggested that the mRNA and miRNA expressions were significantly different from the other subtypes, which was concordant with previous studies. The MOPA software is available at https://github.com/jaeminjj/MOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Jeon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon Yong Han
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Deagu, Republic of Korea
| | - Inuk Jung
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Deagu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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12
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Hasegawa K, Raudales JLM, I T, Yoshida T, Honma R, Iwatake M, Tran SD, Seki M, Asahina I, Sumita Y. Effective-mononuclear cell (E-MNC) therapy alleviates salivary gland damage by suppressing lymphocyte infiltration in Sjögren-like disease. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1144624. [PMID: 37168614 PMCID: PMC10164970 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1144624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by salivary gland (SG) destruction leading to loss of secretory function. A hallmark of the disease is the presence of focal lymphocyte infiltration in SGs, which is predominantly composed of T cells. Currently, there are no effective therapies for SS. Recently, we demonstrated that a newly developed therapy using effective-mononuclear cells (E-MNCs) improved the function of radiation-injured SGs due to anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. In this study, we investigated whether E-MNCs could ameliorate disease development in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice as a model for primary SS. Methods: E-MNCs were obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) cultured for 7 days in serum-free medium supplemented with five specific recombinant proteins (5G culture). The anti-inflammatory characteristics of E-MNCs were then analyzed using a co-culture system with CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMNCs. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of E-MNCs against SS onset, E-MNCs were transplanted into SGs of NOD mice. Subsequently, saliva secretion, histological, and gene expression analyses of harvested SG were performed to investigate if E-MNCs therapy delays disease development. Results: First, we characterized that both human and mouse E-MNCs exhibited induction of CD11b/CD206-positive cells (M2 macrophages) and that human E-MNCs could inhibit inflammatory gene expressions in CD3/CD28- stimulated PBMNCs. Further analyses revealed that Msr1-and galectin3-positive macrophages (immunomodulatory M2c phenotype) were specifically induced in E-MNCs of both NOD and MHC class I-matched mice. Transplanted E-MNCs induced M2 macrophages and reduced the expression of T cell-derived chemokine-related and inflammatory genes in SG tissue of NOD mice at SS-onset. Then, E-MNCs suppressed the infiltration of CD4-positive T cells and facilitated the maintenance of saliva secretion for up to 12 weeks after E-MNC administration. Discussion: Thus, the immunomodulatory actions of E-MNCs could be part of a therapeutic strategy targeting the early stage of primary SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Hasegawa
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jorge Luis Montenegro Raudales
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi I
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takako Yoshida
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Honma
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Iwatake
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Izumi Asahina
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Depatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sumita
- Department of Medical Research and Development for Oral Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshinori Sumita,
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Ehnes DD, Alghadeer A, Hanson-Drury S, Zhao YT, Tilmes G, Mathieu J, Ruohola-Baker H. Sci-Seq of Human Fetal Salivary Tissue Introduces Human Transcriptional Paradigms and a Novel Cell Population. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3:887057. [PMID: 36540608 PMCID: PMC9762771 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.887057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple pathologies and non-pathological factors can disrupt the function of the non-regenerative human salivary gland including cancer and cancer therapeutics, autoimmune diseases, infections, pharmaceutical side effects, and traumatic injury. Despite the wide range of pathologies, no therapeutic or regenerative approaches exist to address salivary gland loss, likely due to significant gaps in our understanding of salivary gland development. Moreover, identifying the tissue of origin when diagnosing salivary carcinomas requires an understanding of human fetal development. Using computational tools, we identify developmental branchpoints, a novel stem cell-like population, and key signaling pathways in the human developing salivary glands by analyzing our human fetal single-cell sequencing data. Trajectory and transcriptional analysis suggest that the earliest progenitors yield excretory duct and myoepithelial cells and a transitional population that will yield later ductal cell types. Importantly, this single-cell analysis revealed a previously undescribed population of stem cell-like cells that are derived from SD and expresses high levels of genes associated with stem cell-like function. We have observed these rare cells, not in a single niche location but dispersed within the developing duct at later developmental stages. Our studies introduce new human-specific developmental paradigms for the salivary gland and lay the groundwork for the development of translational human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Duron Ehnes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ammar Alghadeer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sesha Hanson-Drury
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yan Ting Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gwen Tilmes
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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14
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Sjögren's Syndrome-Related Organs Fibrosis: Hypotheses and Realities. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123551. [PMID: 35743618 PMCID: PMC9224630 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of salivary glands (SGs) and lacrimal glands, causing glandular damage. The disease shows a combination of dryness symptoms found in the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and vagina, representing a systemic disease. Recent advances link chronic inflammation with SG fibrosis, based on a molecular mechanism pointing to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The continued activation of inflammatory-dependent fibrosis is highly detrimental and a common final pathway of numerous disease states. The important question of whether and how fibrosis contributes to SS pathogenesis is currently intensely debated. Here, we collect the recent findings on EMT-dependent fibrosis in SS SGs and explore clinical evidence of multi-organ fibrosis in SS to highlight potential avenues for therapeutic investigation.
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Moskwa N, Mahmood A, Nelson DA, Altrieth AL, Forni PE, Larsen M. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals PDGFRα+ stromal cell subpopulations that promote proacinar cell differentiation in embryonic salivary gland organoids. Development 2022; 149:dev200167. [PMID: 35224622 PMCID: PMC8977102 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cells can direct the differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells during organ development. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is essential for submandibular salivary gland development. Through stromal fibroblast cells, FGF2 can indirectly regulate proacinar cell differentiation in organoids, but the mechanisms are not understood. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing and identified multiple stromal cell subsets, including Pdgfra+ stromal subsets expressing both Fgf2 and Fgf10. When combined with epithelial progenitor cells in organoids, magnetic-activated cell-sorted PDGFRα+ cells promoted proacinar cell differentiation similarly to total stroma. Gene expression analysis revealed that FGF2 increased the expression of multiple stromal genes, including Bmp2 and Bmp7. Both BMP2 and BMP7 synergized with FGF2, stimulating proacinar cell differentiation but not branching. However, stromal cells grown without FGF2 did not support proacinar organoid differentiation and instead differentiated into myofibroblasts. In organoids, TGFβ1 treatment stimulated myofibroblast differentiation and inhibited the proacinar cell differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells. Conversely, FGF2 reversed the effects of TGFβ1. We also demonstrated that adult salivary stromal cells were FGF2 responsive and could promote proacinar cell differentiation. These FGF2 signaling pathways may have applications in future regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Moskwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Ayma Mahmood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Deirdre A. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Amber L. Altrieth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Paolo E. Forni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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16
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McKendrick JG, Emmerson E. The role of salivary gland macrophages in infection, disease and repair. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 368:1-34. [PMID: 35636925 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are mononuclear innate immune cells which have become of increasing interest in the fields of disease and regeneration, as their non-classical functions have been elucidated in addition to their classical inflammatory functions. Macrophages can regulate tissue remodeling, by both mounting and reducing inflammatory responses; and exhibit direct communication with other cells to drive tissue turnover and cell replacement. Furthermore, macrophages have recently become an attractive therapeutic target to drive tissue regeneration. The major salivary glands are glandular tissues that are exposed to pathogens through their close connection with the oral cavity. Moreover, there are a number of diseases that preferentially destroy the salivary glands, causing irreversible injury, highlighting the need for a regenerative strategy. However, characterization of macrophages in the mouse and human salivary glands is sparse and has been mostly determined from studies in infection or autoimmune pathologies. In this review, we describe the current literature around salivary gland macrophages, and speculate about the niches they inhabit and how their role in development, regeneration and cancer may inform future therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G McKendrick
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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17
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Ueda S, Tominaga T, Ochi A, Sakurai A, Nishimura K, Shibata E, Wakino S, Tamaki M, Nagai K. TGF-β1 is involved in senescence-related pathways in glomerular endothelial cells via p16 translocation and p21 induction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21643. [PMID: 34737348 PMCID: PMC8569175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
p16 inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases and regulates senescence-mediated arrest as well as p21. Nuclear p16 promotes G1 cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence. In various glomerular diseases, nuclear p16 expression is associated with disease progression. Therefore, the location of p16 is important. However, the mechanism of p16 trafficking between the nucleus and cytoplasm is yet to be fully investigated. TGF-β1, a major cytokine involved in the development of kidney diseases, can upregulate p21 expression. However, the relationship between TGF-β1 and p16 is poorly understood. Here, we report the role of podocyte TGF-β1 in regulating the p16 behavior in glomerular endothelial cells. We analyzed podocyte-specific TGF-β1 overexpression mice. Although p16 was found in the nuclei of glomerular endothelial cells and led to endothelial cellular senescence, the expression of p16 did not increase in glomeruli. In cultured endothelial cells, TGF-β1 induced nuclear translocation of p16 without increasing its expression. Among human glomerular diseases, p16 was detected in the nuclei of glomerular endothelial cells. In summary, we demonstrated the novel role of podocyte TGF-β1 in managing p16 behavior and cellular senescence in glomeruli, which has clinical relevance for the progression of human glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayo Ueda
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tominaga
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Arisa Ochi
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakurai
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kenji Nishimura
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Eriko Shibata
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shu Wakino
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masanori Tamaki
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kojiro Nagai
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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18
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Yin H, Pranzatelli TJF, French BN, Zhang N, Warner BM, Chiorini JA. Sclerosing Sialadenitis Is Associated With Salivary Gland Hypofunction and a Unique Gene Expression Profile in Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699722. [PMID: 34400910 PMCID: PMC8363566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a novel method to quantify the amount of fibrosis in the salivary gland and to investigate the relationship between fibrosis and specific symptoms associated with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) using this method. Materials and Methods Paraffin-embedded labial salivary gland (LSG) slides from 20 female SS patients and their clinical and LSG pathology data were obtained from the Sjögren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance. Relative interstitial fibrosis area (RIFA) in Masson’s trichrome-stained LSG sections was quantified from digitally scanned slides and used for correlation analysis. Gene expression levels were assessed by microarray analysis. Core promoter accessibility for RIFA-correlated genes was determined using DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing analysis. Results RIFA was significantly correlated with unstimulated whole saliva flow rate in SS patients. Sixteen genes were significantly and positively correlated with RIFA. In a separate analysis, a group of differentially expressed genes was identified by comparing severe and moderate fibrosis groups. This combined set of genes was distinct from differentially expressed genes identified in lung epithelium from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients compared with controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of salivary glands suggested most of the RIFA-correlated genes are expressed by fibroblasts in the gland and are in a permissive chromatin state. Conclusion RIFA quantification is a novel method for assessing interstitial fibrosis and the impact of fibrosis on SS symptoms. Loss of gland function may be associated with salivary gland fibrosis, which is likely to be driven by a unique set of genes that are mainly expressed by fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongen Yin
- Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas J F Pranzatelli
- Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin N French
- Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nan Zhang
- Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Blake M Warner
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John A Chiorini
- Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Piraino LR, Benoit DSW, DeLouise LA. Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering Approaches: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cells 2021; 10:1723. [PMID: 34359893 PMCID: PMC8303463 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland regeneration is important for developing treatments for radiation-induced xerostomia, Sjögren's syndrome, and other conditions that cause dry mouth. Culture conditions adopted from tissue engineering strategies have been used to recapitulate gland structure and function to study and regenerate the salivary glands. The purpose of this review is to highlight current trends in the field, with an emphasis on soluble factors that have been shown to improve secretory function in vitro. A PubMed search was conducted to identify articles published in the last 10 years and articles were evaluated to identify the most promising approaches and areas for further research. Results showed increasing use of extracellular matrix mimetics, such as Matrigel®, collagen, and a variety of functionalized polymers. Soluble factors that provide supportive cues, including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and neurotrophic factors, as well as chemical inhibitors of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transforming growth factor β receptor (TGFβR) have shown increases in important markers including aquaporin 5 (Aqp5); muscle, intestine, and stomach expression 1 (Mist1); and keratin (K5). However, recapitulation of tissue function at in vivo levels is still elusive. A focus on identification of soluble factors, cells, and/or matrix cues tested in combination may further increase the maintenance of salivary gland secretory function in vitro. These approaches may also be amenable for translation in vivo to support successful regeneration of dysfunctional glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R. Piraino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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20
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Suzuki A, Ogata K, Iwata J. Cell signaling regulation in salivary gland development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3299-3315. [PMID: 33449148 PMCID: PMC11071883 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian salivary gland develops as a highly branched structure designed to produce and secrete saliva. This review focuses on research conducted on mammalian salivary gland development, particularly on the differentiation of acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial cells. We discuss recent studies that provide conceptual advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of salivary gland development. In addition, we describe the organogenesis of submandibular glands (SMGs), model systems used for the study of SMG development, and the key signaling pathways as well as cellular processes involved in salivary gland development. The findings from the recent studies elucidating the identity of stem/progenitor cells in the SMGs, and the process by which they are directed along a series of cell fate decisions to form functional glands, are also discussed. Advances in genetic tools and tissue engineering strategies will significantly increase our knowledge about the mechanisms by which signaling pathways and cells establish tissue architecture and function during salivary gland development, which may also be conserved in the growth and development of other organ systems. An increased knowledge of organ development mechanisms will have profound implications in the design of therapies for the regrowth or repair of injured tissues. In addition, understanding how the processes of cell survival, expansion, specification, movement, and communication with neighboring cells are regulated under physiological and pathological conditions is critical to the development of future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Kenichi Ogata
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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21
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Sisto M, Ribatti D, Lisi S. Organ Fibrosis and Autoimmunity: The Role of Inflammation in TGFβ-Dependent EMT. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020310. [PMID: 33670735 PMCID: PMC7922523 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular pathways that control the link of inflammation with organ fibrosis and autoimmune diseases point to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as the common association in the progression of these diseases characterized by an intense inflammatory response. EMT, a process in which epithelial cells are gradually transformed to mesenchymal cells, is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Importantly, the chronic inflammatory microenvironment has emerged as a decisive factor in the induction of pathological EMT. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a multifunctional cytokine, plays a crucial role in the induction of fibrosis, often associated with chronic phases of inflammatory diseases, contributing to marked fibrotic changes that severely impair normal tissue architecture and function. The understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying EMT-dependent fibrosis has both a basic and a translational relevance, since it may be useful to design therapies aimed at counteracting organ deterioration and failure. To this end, we reviewed the recent literature to better elucidate the molecular response to inflammatory/fibrogenic signals in autoimmune diseases in order to further the specific regulation of EMT-dependent fibrosis in more targeted therapies.
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TGF-β Pathway in Salivary Gland Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239138. [PMID: 33266300 PMCID: PMC7730716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is presented in various physiologic and pathologic conditions of the salivary gland. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in several organs, including the salivary glands. Among the TGF-β superfamily members, TGF-β1 and 2 are pro-fibrotic ligands, whereas TGF-β3 and some bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are anti-fibrotic ligands. TGF-β1 is thought to be associated with the pro-fibrotic pathogenesis of sialadenitis, post-radiation salivary gland dysfunction, and Sjögren’s syndrome. Potential therapeutic strategies that target multiple levels in the TGF-β pathway are under preclinical and clinical research for fibrosis. Despite the anti-fibrotic effect of BMPs, their in vivo delivery poses a challenge in terms of adequate clinical efficacy. In this article, we will review the relevance of TGF-β signaling in salivary gland fibrosis and advances of potential therapeutic options in the field.
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23
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Zhang Y, Dai Y, Raman A, Daniel E, Metcalf J, Reif G, Pierucci-Alves F, Wallace DP. Overexpression of TGF-β1 induces renal fibrosis and accelerates the decline in kidney function in polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F1135-F1148. [PMID: 33166182 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00366.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the presence of numerous fluid-filled cysts, extensive fibrosis, and the progressive decline in kidney function. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), an important mediator for renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease, is overexpressed by cystic cells compared with normal kidney cells; however, its role in PKD pathogenesis remains undefined. To investigate the effect of TGF-β1 on cyst growth, fibrosis, and disease progression, we overexpressed active TGF-β1 specifically in collecting ducts (CDs) of phenotypic normal (Pkd1RC/+) and Pkd1RC/RC mice. In normal mice, CD-specific TGF-β1 overexpression caused tubule dilations by 5 wk of age that were accompanied by increased levels of phosphorylated SMAD3, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and periostin; however, it did not induce overt cyst formation by 20 wk. In Pkd1RC/RC mice, CD overexpression of TGF-β1 increased cyst epithelial cell proliferation. However, extensive fibrosis limited cyst enlargement and caused contraction of the kidneys, leading to a loss of renal function and a shortened lifespan of the mice. These data demonstrate that TGF-β1-induced fibrosis constrains cyst growth and kidney enlargement and accelerates the decline of renal function, supporting the hypothesis that a combined therapy that inhibits renal cyst growth and fibrosis will be required to effectively treat ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Yuqiao Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Archana Raman
- Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Emily Daniel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - July Metcalf
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Gail Reif
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Darren P Wallace
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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24
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Turner JA, Stephen-Victor E, Wang S, Rivas MN, Abdel-Gadir A, Harb H, Cui Y, Fanny M, Charbonnier LM, Fong JJH, Benamar M, Wang L, Burton OT, Bansal K, Bry L, Zhu C, Li QZ, Clement RL, Oettgen HC, Crestani E, Rachid R, Sage PT, Chatila TA. Regulatory T Cell-Derived TGF-β1 Controls Multiple Checkpoints Governing Allergy and Autoimmunity. Immunity 2020; 53:1202-1214.e6. [PMID: 33086036 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which regulatory T (Treg) cells differentially control allergic and autoimmune responses remain unclear. We show that Treg cells in food allergy (FA) had decreased expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) because of interleukin-4 (IL-4)- and signal transducer and activator of transciription-6 (STAT6)-dependent inhibition of Tgfb1 transcription. These changes were modeled by Treg cell-specific Tgfb1 monoallelic inactivation, which induced allergic dysregulation by impairing microbiota-dependent retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (ROR-γt)+ Treg cell differentiation. This dysregulation was rescued by treatment with Clostridiales species, which upregulated Tgfb1 expression in Treg cells. Biallelic deficiency precipitated fatal autoimmunity with intense autoantibody production and dysregulated T follicular helper and B cell responses. These results identify a privileged role of Treg cell-derived TGF-β1 in regulating allergy and autoimmunity at distinct checkpoints in a Tgfb1 gene dose- and microbiota-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Turner
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emmanuel Stephen-Victor
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sen Wang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Azza Abdel-Gadir
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hani Harb
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ye Cui
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manoussa Fanny
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Louis-Marie Charbonnier
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason Jun Hung Fong
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leighanne Wang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oliver T Burton
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridgeshire CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Kushagra Bansal
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Lynn Bry
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rachel L Clement
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hans C Oettgen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Crestani
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rima Rachid
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter T Sage
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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25
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I T, Ueda Y, Wörsdörfer P, Sumita Y, Asahina I, Ergün S. Resident CD34-positive cells contribute to peri-endothelial cells and vascular morphogenesis in salivary gland after irradiation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1467-1479. [PMID: 33025085 PMCID: PMC7578140 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) hypofunction is a common post-radiotherapy complication. Besides the parenchymal damage after irradiation (IR), there are also effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which were shown to contribute to regeneration and repair of damaged tissues by differentiating into stromal cell types or releasing vesicles and soluble factors supporting the healing processes. However, there are no adequate reports about their roles during SG damage and regeneration so far. Using an irradiated SG mouse model, we performed certain immunostainings on tissue sections of submandibular glands at different time points after IR. Immunostaining for CD31 revealed that already one day after IR, vascular impairment was induced at the level of capillaries. In addition, the expression of CD44—a marker of acinar cells—diminished gradually after IR and, by 20 weeks, almost disappeared. In contrast, the number of CD34-positive cells significantly increased 4 weeks after IR and some of the CD34-positive cells were found to reside within the adventitia of arteries and veins. Laser confocal microscopic analyses revealed an accumulation of CD34-positive cells within the area of damaged capillaries where they were in close contact to the CD31-positive endothelial cells. At 4 weeks after IR, a fraction of the CD34-positive cells underwent differentiation into α-SMA-positive cells, which suggests that they may contribute to regeneration of smooth muscle cells and/or pericytes covering the small vessels from the outside. In conclusion, SG-resident CD34-positive cells represent a population of progenitors that could contribute to new vessel formation and/or remodeling of the pre-existing vessels after IR and thus, might be an important player during SG tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi I
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Ueda
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wörsdörfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yoshinori Sumita
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Yoshimoto S, Yoshizumi J, Anzai H, Morishita K, Okamura K, Hiraki A, Hashimoto S. Inhibition of Alk signaling promotes the induction of human salivary-gland-derived organoids. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm045054. [PMID: 32801121 PMCID: PMC7541338 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyposalivation and xerostomia are the cause of several morbidities, such as dental caries, painful mucositis, oral fungal infections, sialadenitis and dysphagia. For these reasons, preservation of normal saliva secretion is critical for the maintenance of functionally normal oral homeostasis and for keeping good health. Several strategies for restoring salivary gland function have been reported, from different points of view, based on the use of salivary-gland-derived epithelial stem/progenitor cells and tissue engineering approaches to induce organoids that mimic in vivo salivary glands. In this study, we clarified that inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase (Alk) signaling was essential for the induction of human salivary-gland-derived organoids, and demonstrated the usefulness of such organoids as an inflammatory disease model. In inflammatory conditions like sialadenitis, in general, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, also known as TNF) are upregulated, but their function is still unclear. In our established human salivary-gland-derived organoid culture system, we successfully induced organoid swelling by stimulation with carbachol, a non-selective cholinergic agonist, and forskolin, an activator of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Furthermore, we found that this organoid swelling was inhibited by TNF-α. From these results, we could clarify the inhibitory function of TNF-α on saliva secretion in vitro Thus, our established human salivary-gland-derived organoids would be useful for in vitro analyses of the morphological and functional changes involved in salivary gland dysfunctions in several research fields, such as pathobiology, inflammation and regenerative medicine.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshimoto
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshizumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral and Medical Management, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Anzai
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral and Medical Management, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Koichiro Morishita
- Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Okamura
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Hiraki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral and Medical Management, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hashimoto
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
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27
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Wu R, Zhang D, Zanvit P, Jin W, Wang H, Chen W. Identification and Regulation of TCRαβ +CD8αα + Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Murine Oral Mucosa. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1702. [PMID: 32849598 PMCID: PMC7417446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TCRαβ+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are abundant in gastrointestinal (GI) tract and play an important role in regulation of mucosal immunity and tolerance in the gut. However, it is unknown whether TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IELs exist in the oral mucosa and if yes, what controls their development. We here identified and characterized TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IELs from the murine oral mucosa. We showed that the number and function of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IELs were regulated by TGF-β. We further revealed that oral TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IELs could be altered under systemic inflammatory conditions and by antibiotic treatment at the neonatal age of the mice. Our findings have revealed a previously unrecognized population of oral IELs that may regulate oral mucosal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Wu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peter Zanvit
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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28
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Mota M, Shevde LA. Merlin regulates signaling events at the nexus of development and cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:63. [PMID: 32299434 PMCID: PMC7164249 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this review, we describe how the cytoskeletal protein Merlin, encoded by the Neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene, orchestrates developmental signaling to ensure normal ontogeny, and we discuss how Merlin deficiency leads to aberrant activation of developmental pathways that enable tumor development and malignant progression. Main body Parallels between embryonic development and cancer have underscored the activation of developmental signaling pathways. Hippo, WNT/β-catenin, TGF-β, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), Notch, and Hedgehog pathways are key players in normal developmental biology. Unrestrained activity or loss of activity of these pathways causes adverse effects in developing tissues manifesting as developmental syndromes. Interestingly, these detrimental events also impact differentiated and functional tissues. By promoting cell proliferation, migration, and stem-cell like phenotypes, deregulated activity of these pathways promotes carcinogenesis and cancer progression. The NF2 gene product, Merlin, is a tumor suppressor classically known for its ability to induce contact-dependent growth inhibition. Merlin plays a role in different stages of an organism development, ranging from embryonic to mature states. While homozygous deletion of Nf2 in murine embryos causes embryonic lethality, Merlin loss in adult tissue is implicated in Neurofibromatosis type 2 disorder and cancer. These manifestations, cumulatively, are reminiscent of dysregulated developmental signaling. Conclusion Understanding the molecular and cellular repercussions of Merlin loss provides fundamental insights into the etiology of developmental disorders and cancer and has the potential, in the long term, to identify new therapeutic strategies. Video Abstract
Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Mota
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI 320D, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI 320D, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI 320D, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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Alame M, Cornillot E, Cacheux V, Tosato G, Four M, De Oliveira L, Gofflot S, Delvenne P, Turtoi E, Cabello-Aguilar S, Nishiyama M, Turtoi A, Costes-Martineau V, Colinge J. The molecular landscape and microenvironment of salivary duct carcinoma reveal new therapeutic opportunities. Theranostics 2020; 10:4383-4394. [PMID: 32292502 PMCID: PMC7150470 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and aggressive salivary gland cancer subtype with poor prognosis. The mutational landscape of SDC has already been the object of several studies, however little is known regarding the functional genomics and the tumor microenvironment despite their importance in oncology. Our investigation aimed at describing both the functional genomics of SDC and the SDC microenvironment, along with their clinical relevance. Methods: RNA-sequencing (24 tumors), proteomics (17 tumors), immunohistochemistry (22 tumors), and multiplexed immunofluorescence (3 tumors) data were obtained from three different patient cohorts and analyzed by digital imaging and bioinformatics. Adjacent non-tumoral tissue from patients in two cohorts were used in transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Results: Transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed the importance of Notch, TGF-β, and interferon-γ signaling for all SDCs. We confirmed an overall strong desmoplastic reaction by measuring α-SMA abundance, the level of which was associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS). Two distinct immune phenotypes were observed: immune-poor SDCs (36%) and immune-infiltrated SDCs (64%). Advanced bioinformatics analysis of the transcriptomic data suggested 72 ligand-receptor interactions occurred in the microenvironment and correlated with the immune phenotype. Among these interactions, three immune checkpoints were validated by immunofluorescence, including CTLA-4/DC86 and TIM-3/galectin-9 interactions, previously unidentified in SDC. Immunofluorescence analysis also confirmed an important immunosuppressive role of macrophages and NK cells, also supported by the transcriptomic data. Conclusions: Together our data significantly increase the understanding of SDC biology and open new perspectives for SDC tumor treatment. Before applying immunotherapy, patient stratification according to the immune infiltrate should be taken into account. Immune-infiltrated SDC could benefit from immune checkpoint-targeting therapy, with novel options such as anti-CTLA-4. Macrophages or NK cells could also be targeted. The dense stroma, i.e., fibroblasts or hyaluronic acid, may also be the focus for immune-poor SDC therapies, e.g. in combination with Notch or TGF-β inhibitors, or molecules targeting SDC mutations.
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30
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Wan JT, Sheeley DM, Somerman MJ, Lee JS. Mitigating osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) through preventive dental care and understanding of risk factors. Bone Res 2020; 8:14. [PMID: 32195012 PMCID: PMC7064532 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-0088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that alterations in phosphate metabolism have a profound effect on hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. The present-day clinical form of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) was preceded by phosphorus necrosis of the jaw, ca. 1860. The subsequent removal of yellow phosphorus from matches in the early 20th century saw a parallel decline in "phossy jaw" until the early 2000s, when similar reports of unusual jaw bone necrosis began to appear in the literature describing jaw necrosis in patients undergoing chemotherapy and concomitant steroid and bisphosphonate treatment. Today, the potential side effect of ONJ associated with medications that block osteoclast activity (antiresorptive) is well known, though the mechanism remains unclear and the management and outcomes are often unsatisfactory. Much of the existing literature has focused on the continuing concerns of appropriate use of bisphosphonates and other antiresorptive medications, the incomplete or underdeveloped research on ONJ, and the use of drugs with anabolic potential for treatment of osteoporosis. While recognizing that ONJ is a rare occurrence and ONJ-associated medications play an important role in fracture risk reduction in osteoporotic patients, evidence to date suggests that health care providers can lower the risk further by dental evaluations and care prior to initiating antiresorptive therapies and by monitoring dental health during and after treatment. This review describes the current clinical management guidelines for ONJ, the critical role of dental-medical management in mitigating risks, and the current understanding of the effects of predominantly osteoclast-modulating drugs on bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Wan
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Douglas M. Sheeley
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Martha J. Somerman
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Laboratory for Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Janice S. Lee
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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31
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Abughanam G, Elkashty OA, Liu Y, Bakkar MO, Tran SD. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Extract (MSCsE)-Based Therapy Alleviates Xerostomia and Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Sjogren's Syndrome-Like Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194750. [PMID: 31557796 PMCID: PMC6801785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that manifests primarily in salivary and lacrimal glands leading to dry mouth and eyes. Unfortunately, there is no cure for SS due to its complex etiopathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were successfully tested for SS, but some risks and limitations remained for their clinical use. This study combined cell- and biologic-based therapies by utilizing the MSCs extract (MSCsE) to treat SS-like disease in NOD mice. We found that MSCsE and MSCs therapies were successful and comparable in preserving salivary and lacrimal glands function in NOD mice when compared to control group. Cells positive for AQP5, AQP4, α-SMA, CK5, and c-Kit were preserved. Gene expression of AQP5, EGF, FGF2, BMP7, LYZ1 and IL-10 were upregulated, and downregulated for TNF-α, TGF-β1, MMP2, CASP3, and IL-1β. The proliferation rate of the glands and serum levels of EGF were also higher. Cornea integrity and epithelial thickness were maintained due to tear flow rate preservation. Peripheral tolerance was re-established, as indicated by lower lymphocytic infiltration and anti-SS-A antibodies, less BAFF secretion, higher serum IL-10 levels and FoxP3+ Treg cells, and selective inhibition of B220+ B cells. These promising results opened new venues for a safer and more convenient combined biologic- and cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Abughanam
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Younan Liu
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Mohammed O Bakkar
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
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Dolcino M, Tinazzi E, Vitali C, Del Papa N, Puccetti A, Lunardi C. Long Non-Coding RNAs Modulate Sjögren's Syndrome Associated Gene Expression and Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of the Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091349. [PMID: 31480511 PMCID: PMC6780488 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSjS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting exocrine glands; its pathogenesis is still unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and a comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs expression in pSjS is still lacking. To this aim, the expression of more than 540,000 human transcripts, including those ascribed to more than 50,000 lncRNAs is profiled at the same time, in a cohort of 16 peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs samples (eight pSjS and eight healthy subjects). A complex network analysis is carried out on the global set of molecular interactions among modulated genes and lncRNAs, leading to the identification of reliable lncRNA-miRNA-gene functional interactions. Taking this approach, a few lncRNAs are identified as targeting highly connected genes in the pSjS transcriptome, since they have a major impact on gene modulation in the disease. Such genes are involved in biological processes and molecular pathways crucial in the pathogenesis of pSjS, including immune response, B cell development and function, inflammation, apoptosis, type I and gamma interferon, epithelial cell adhesion and polarization. The identification of deregulated lncRNAs that modulate genes involved in the typical features of the disease provides insight in disease pathogenesis and opens avenues for the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dolcino
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Tinazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Vitali
- Sections of Rheumatology, Villa S. Giuseppe, Como and Casa di Cura di Lecco, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Genova, Via G.B. Marsano 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Lunardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Kluge M, Namkoong E, Khakipoor S, Park K, Roussa E. Differential regulation of vacuolar H + -ATPase subunits by transforming growth factor-β1 in salivary ducts. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15061-15079. [PMID: 30648263 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bicarbonate concentration in saliva is controlled by the action of acid-base transporters in salivary duct cells. We show for the first time expression of ATP6V1B1 in submandibular gland and introduce transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) as a novel regulator of V-ATPase subunits. Using QRT-PCR, immunoblotting, biotinylation of surface proteins, immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and intracellular H(+ ) recording with H(+ )-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis-(carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein we show that in the human submandibular gland (HSG) cell line, activation of TGF-β signaling upregulates ATP6V1E1 and ATP6V1B2, downregulates ATP6V1B1, and has no effect on ATP6V1A. TGF-β1 effects on ATP6V1B1 are mediated through the canonical, the soluble adenylate cyclase, and ERK signaling. A CREB binding sequence was identified in the ATP6V1B1 promoter and CREB binding decreased after TGF-β1 treatment. Following acidosis, a bafilomycin-sensitive and Na+ -independent cell pH recovery was observed in HSG cells, an effect that was not influenced after disruption of acidic lysosomes. Moreover, neutralization of TGF-βs, inhibition of TGF-β receptor, or inhibition of the canonical pathway decreased membrane expression of ATP6V1A and prevented the acidosis-induced increased V-ATPase activity. The results suggest multiple modes of action of TGF-β1 on V-ATPase subunits in HSG cells: TGF-β1 may regulate transcription or protein synthesis of certain subunits and trafficking of other subunits in a context-dependent manner. Moreover, surface V-ATPase is active in salivary duct cells and involved in intracellular pH regulation following acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Kluge
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eun Namkoong
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shokoufeh Khakipoor
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Berrien-Elliott MM, Sun Y, Neal C, Ireland A, Trissal MC, Sullivan RP, Wagner JA, Leong JW, Wong P, Mah-Som AY, Wong TN, Schappe T, Keppel CR, Cortez VS, Stamatiades EG, Li MO, Colonna M, Link DC, French AR, Cooper MA, Wang WL, Boldin MP, Reddy P, Fehniger TA. MicroRNA-142 Is Critical for the Homeostasis and Function of Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Immunity 2019; 51:479-490.e6. [PMID: 31402259 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that defend against viruses and mediate anti-tumor responses, yet mechanisms controlling their development and function remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that the abundantly expressed microRNA-142 (miR-142) is a critical regulator of type 1 ILC biology. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) signaling induced miR-142 expression, whereas global and ILC-specific miR-142-deficient mice exhibited a cell-intrinsic loss of NK cells. Death of NK cells resulted from diminished IL-15 receptor signaling within miR-142-deficient mice, likely via reduced suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (Socs1) regulation by miR-142-5p. ILCs persisting in Mir142-/- mice demonstrated increased expression of the miR-142-3p target αV integrin, which supported their survival. Global miR-142-deficient mice exhibited an expansion of ILC1-like cells concurrent with increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. Further, miR-142-deficient mice had reduced NK-cell-dependent function and increased susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Thus, miR-142 critically integrates environmental cues for proper type 1 ILC homeostasis and defense against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Berrien-Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yaping Sun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carly Neal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria C Trissal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan P Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julia A Wagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Leong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annelise Y Mah-Som
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Terrence N Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Catherine R Keppel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor S Cortez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel C Link
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony R French
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Megan A Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wei-Le Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mark P Boldin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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Pringle S, Wang X, Bootsma H, Spijkervet FKL, Vissink A, Kroese FGM. Small-molecule inhibitors and the salivary gland epithelium in Sjögren's syndrome. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:605-616. [PMID: 31203680 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1631796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The salivary gland (SG) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is characterized by its lack of function (hyposalivation) and lymphocytic invasion. Small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs) are a new class of drugs, whose diminutive size permits diffusion into cells. SMIs targeting components of the immune system are eagerly being trialed for their potential therapeutic utility in pSS. Neglected until now, however, is a discussion of the potential effects of SMIs on the SG epithelium. AREAS COVERED We begin by reminding the reader of the SG epithelial compartment, its complicity in inflammatory milieu formation in pSS, and categories of SMIs which merit attention. We discuss each SMI category, including pre-clinical data concerning pSS and likely consequences of their application on the SG epithelium. EXPERT OPINION Recovery of saliva production in pSS requires restoring the function of the SG epithelium, not solely on inflammation resolution. Many SMIs, for example, those blocking JAK-STAT signaling, interfere with critical epithelial cell pathways, most notably EGF signaling. If the effect of SMIs on SG epithelium is ignored, recovery of SG function will be challenging. We predict that NFκB signaling blockade will impart the least SG epithelium damage whilst reducing inflammation and facilitating recovery from hyposalivation in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pringle
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Fred K L Spijkervet
- b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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36
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Yasumitsu T, Shimizu O, Shiratsuchi H, Miyake Y, Yonehara Y. Distribution of aquaporin-5, transforming growth factor-β 1 and laminin during regeneration of atrophic rat submandibular glands after duct ligation. J Oral Sci 2019; 60:595-600. [PMID: 30587691 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the localization of aquaporin-5 (AQP5), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and laminin during regeneration of the rat submandibular gland. After duct ligation for 7 days, the regenerating glands were collected on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 after ligation release to study the process of regeneration. Immunohistochemical staining revealed apical expression of AQP5 in many acinar cells, strong expression in intercalated ducts (ICDs) of the normal submandibular gland at Day 14, and strong expression in duct-like structures (DLSs) during regeneration from Day 0 to 7. However, a few AQP5-negative acinar cells were detected during regeneration. At Day 0, immunopositivity for TGF-β1 was detected in connective tissue. At Days 3 and 7 during regeneration, TGF-β1 immunostaining was observed in DLSs, which were surrounded by α-smooth muscle actin-positive thickened myoepithelial cells. Laminin staining was strong in the thickened basement membrane of DLSs at Day 3 during regeneration, but weak around acinar cells at Day 14. These findings suggest that TGF-β1 is involved in the environment around DLSs, myoepithelial cells and laminin, that DLSs have the same functional properties as ICDs, and that AQP5-negative acinar cells may be mucous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osamu Shimizu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Hiroshi Shiratsuchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Yonehara
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Systemic Biology and Oncology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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37
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Delgado-Acevedo C, Estay SF, Radke AK, Sengupta A, Escobar AP, Henríquez-Belmar F, Reyes CA, Haro-Acuña V, Utreras E, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Cho A, Wendland JR, Kulkarni AB, Holmes A, Murphy DL, Chávez AE, Moya PR. Behavioral and synaptic alterations relevant to obsessive-compulsive disorder in mice with increased EAAT3 expression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1163-1173. [PMID: 30622300 PMCID: PMC6462043 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe, chronic neuropsychiatric disorder with a strong genetic component. The SLC1A1 gene encoding the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAT3 has been proposed as a candidate gene for this disorder. Gene variants affecting SLC1A1 expression in human brain tissue have been associated with OCD. Several mouse models fully or partially lacking EAAT3 have shown no alterations in baseline anxiety-like or repetitive behaviors. We generated a transgenic mouse model (EAAT3glo) to achieve conditional, Cre-dependent EAAT3 overexpression and evaluated the overall impact of increased EAAT3 expression at behavioral and synaptic levels. Mice with EAAT3 overexpression driven by CaMKIIα-promoter (EAAT3glo/CMKII) displayed increased anxiety-like and repetitive behaviors that were both restored by chronic, but not acute, treatment with fluoxetine or clomipramine. EAAT3glo/CMKII mice also displayed greater spontaneous recovery of conditioned fear. Electrophysiological and biochemical analyses at corticostriatal synapses of EAAT3glo/CMKII mice revealed changes in NMDA receptor subunit composition and altered NMDA-dependent synaptic plasticity. By recapitulating relevant behavioral, neurophysiological, and psychopharmacological aspects, our results provide support for the glutamatergic hypothesis of OCD, particularly for the increased EAAT3 function, and provide a valuable animal model that may open novel therapeutic approaches to treat this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Delgado-Acevedo
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio NUMIND Biology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso CINV, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sebastián F Estay
- Núcleo Milenio NUMIND Biology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso CINV, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Anna K Radke
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Ayesha Sengupta
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Angélica P Escobar
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso CINV, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Francisca Henríquez-Belmar
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio NUMIND Biology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cristopher A Reyes
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio NUMIND Biology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Valentina Haro-Acuña
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio NUMIND Biology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Elías Utreras
- Functional Genomics Section and Gene Transfer Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiolopatogía Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrew Cho
- Functional Genomics Section and Gene Transfer Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jens R Wendland
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ashok B Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section and Gene Transfer Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Dennis L Murphy
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrés E Chávez
- Núcleo Milenio NUMIND Biology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso CINV, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Pablo R Moya
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
- Núcleo Milenio NUMIND Biology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso CINV, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Limaye A, Hall BE, Zhang L, Cho A, Prochazkova M, Zheng C, Walker M, Adewusi F, Burbelo PD, Sun ZJ, Ambudkar IS, Dolan JC, Schmidt BL, Kulkarni AB. Targeted TNF-α Overexpression Drives Salivary Gland Inflammation. J Dent Res 2019; 98:713-719. [PMID: 30958728 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519837240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the salivary glands from pathologic conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome can result in glandular destruction and hyposalivation. To understand which molecular factors may play a role in clinical cases of salivary gland hypofunction, we developed an aquaporin 5 (AQP5) Cre mouse line to produce genetic recombination predominantly within the acinar cells of the glands. We then bred these mice with the TNF-αglo transgenic line to develop a mouse model with salivary gland-specific overexpression of TNF-α; which replicates conditions seen in sialadenitis, an inflammation of the salivary glands resulting from infection or autoimmune disorders such as Sjögren's syndrome. The resulting AQP5-Cre/TNF-αglo mice display severe inflammation in the salivary glands with acinar cell atrophy, fibrosis, and dilation of the ducts. AQP5 expression was reduced in the salivary glands, while tight junction integrity appeared to be disrupted. The immune dysregulation in the salivary gland of these mice led to hyposalivation and masticatory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Limaye
- 1 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B E Hall
- 1 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Zhang
- 2 Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Cho
- 1 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Prochazkova
- 1 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Zheng
- 1 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Walker
- 3 School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - F Adewusi
- 4 School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - P D Burbelo
- 1 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Z J Sun
- 2 Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - I S Ambudkar
- 1 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J C Dolan
- 5 School of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B L Schmidt
- 5 School of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A B Kulkarni
- 1 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Liao MT, Chien WC, Wang JC, Chung CH, Chu SJ, Tsai SH. Increased risk of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: nationwide population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024655. [PMID: 30765404 PMCID: PMC6398708 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore whether patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were susceptible to bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) after tooth extraction in the entire population of Taiwan. DESIGN A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. SETTING Data were extracted from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). METHODOLOGY Medical conditions for both the study and control group were categorised using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision. ORs and 95% CIs for associations between SS and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) were estimated using Cox regression. RESULTS Overall, 13 398 patients diagnosed with SS were identified from the NHIRD. An additional 53 592 matched patients formed the control group. At the 3-year follow-up, patients with SS started to exhibit a significantly increased cumulative risk of developing BRONJ compared with that of patients without SS (log rank test <0.001). At the end of the follow-up period, patients with SS exhibited a significantly increased incidence of ONJ compared with that of the controls (0.08%vs0.03%, p=0.017). The Cox regression model showed that patients with SS also exhibited a significantly increased risk of developing BRONJ compared with that of the patients without SS (adjusted HR=7.869, 95% CI 3.235 to 19.141, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with SS exhibit an increased risk of developing BRONJ after tooth extraction. BPs should be used with caution in patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense MedicalCenter, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, NationalDefense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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The level of TGF-β in sera of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Reumatologia 2019; 57:309-314. [PMID: 32226163 PMCID: PMC7091483 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2019.91276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tumor growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine which controls autoimmune reactions, cell proliferation, and the organ accumulation of lymphocytes. This cytokine has a protective and anti-inflammatory effect in autoimmune processes, but also has a pro-fibrinous activity. Therefore, its importance in the development of systemic sclerosis has been proven. The role of TGF-β in Sjögren’s syndrome is also a valid direction of research. The aim of the presented study is to evaluate the level of TGF-β in sera of primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients and to investigate possible correlations with autoantibodies, cytokines, and cells in biopsy of minor salivary glands active in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Material and methods Thirty-three primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients were included. Routine laboratory tests and immunological assessment (ANA, anti SS-A, anti SS-B antibodies, rheumatoid factor), ophthalmological assessment with ocular staining scoring, chest X-ray, and high-resolution computed tomography (if necessary) were performed. Serum concentrations of cytokines such as TGF-β, BAFF, APRIL, FLT-3L, LT-α, IL-21, and TNF-α were evaluated using standard ELISA assays. The histopathological evaluation (focus score) and the determination of CD3+, CD4+, CD19+, CD21+, CD35+ cells was performed. Results There was no significant correlation between TGF-β and other tested cytokines or autoantibodies, other than TNF-α. A negative correlation (ρ = –0.472) between TGF-β and TNF-α was found. There were no correlations between TGF-β and: results of ocular examinations, elements of histopathological variables, or lungs changes. Conclusions The authors state that: 1) the results may indicate that TGF-β influences the serum TNF-α activity in pSS patients, 2) our findings suggest that TGF-β may be the strongest inhibitor of TNF-α among cytokines involved in pSS pathogenesis, and 3) the results may explain the ineffectiveness of anti-TNF drugs in the treatment of pSS.
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Sisto M, Lorusso L, Ingravallo G, Tamma R, Ribatti D, Lisi S. The TGF- β1 Signaling Pathway as an Attractive Target in the Fibrosis Pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:1965935. [PMID: 30598637 PMCID: PMC6287147 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1965935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a crucial role in the induction of fibrosis, often associated with chronic phases of inflammatory diseases contributing to marked fibrotic changes that compromise normal organ function. The TGF-β1 signal exerts its biological effects via the TGF-β/SMAD/Snail signaling pathway, playing an important pathogenic role in several fibrotic diseases. It has as yet been poorly investigated in the chronic autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Here, we firstly tested, by immunohistochemistry, whether the TGF-β1/SMAD/Snail signaling pathway is triggered in human pSS salivary glands (SGs). Next, healthy salivary gland epithelial cell (SGEC) cultures derived from healthy donors were exposed to TGF-β1 treatment, and the relative gene and protein levels of SMAD2/3/4, Snail, E-cadherin, vimentin, and collagen type I were compared by semiquantitative RT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis. We observed, both at gene and protein levels, higher expression of SMAD2, 3, and 4 and Snail in the SGEC exposed by TGF-β1 compared to untreated healthy SGEC. Additionally, in TGF-β1-treated samples, we found a significant reduction in the epithelial phenotype marker E-cadherin and an increase in the mesenchymal phenotype markers vimentin and collagen type I compared to those in untreated SGEC, indicating that TGF-β1 induces the EMT via the TGF-β1/SMAD/Snail signaling pathway. Therefore, by using the specific TGF-β receptor 1 inhibitor SB-431542 in healthy SGEC treated with TGF-β1, we showed a significant reduction of the fibrosis markers vimentin and collagen type I while the epithelial marker E-cadherin returns to levels similar to untreated healthy SGEC. These data demonstrate that TGF-β1 is an important key factor in the transition phase from SG chronic inflammation to fibrotic disease. Characteristic changes in the morphology and function of TGF-β1-treated healthy SGEC further confirm that TGF-β1 plays a significant role in EMT-dependent fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Lorusso
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Pathology Section, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lisi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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Tsai YD, Chien WC, Tsai SH, Chung CH, Chu SJ, Chen SJ, Liao WI, Yang CJ, Liao MT, Wang JC. Increased risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022326. [PMID: 30244213 PMCID: PMC6157519 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder. Several molecular pathways and the activation of matrix metalloproteinases associated with the pathogenesis of SS participate in the initiation and progression of aortic aneurysm (AA) and aortic dissection (AD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether patients with SS exhibit an increased risk of AA or AD. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a database extracted from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. All medical conditions for each case and control were categorised using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. HRs and 95% CIs for associations between SS and AA/AD were estimated using Cox regression and adjusted for comorbidities. RESULTS Our analyses included 10 941 SS cases and 43 764 propensity score-matched controls. Compared with the controls, the patients with SS exhibited a significantly increased risk of developing an AA or AD (adjusted HR=3.642, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that compared with patients without SS, patients with primary and secondary SS both exhibited a significantly increased risk of developing AA or AD (adjusted HR=1.753, p=0.042; adjusted HR=3.693, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with SS exhibit increased risks of developing AA or AD, and healthcare professionals should be aware of this risk when treating patients with SS. Increased aortic surveillance may be required for patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Da Tsai
- Department of Emergency medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defensive Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defensive Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Secretary, Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defensive Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury, Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Department of Emergency medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defensive Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Emergency medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defensive Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defensive Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Maldonado E, López Y, Herrera M, Martínez-Sanz E, Martínez-Álvarez C, Pérez-Miguelsanz J. Craniofacial structure alterations of foetuses from folic acid deficient pregnant mice. Ann Anat 2018; 218:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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44
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Cao Y, Liu H, Gao L, Lu L, Du L, Bai H, Li J, Said S, Wang XJ, Song J, Serkova N, Wei M, Xiao J, Lu SL. Cooperation Between Pten and Smad4 in Murine Salivary Gland Tumor Formation and Progression. Neoplasia 2018; 20:764-774. [PMID: 29958137 PMCID: PMC6031150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumor (SGT) is a rare tumor type, which exhibits broad-spectrum phenotypic, biological, and clinical heterogeneity. Currently, the molecular mechanisms that cause SGT pathogenesis remain poorly understood. A lack of animal models that faithfully recapitulate the naturally occurring process of human SGTs has hampered research progress on this field. In this report, we developed an inducible keratin 5-driven conditional knockout mouse model to delete gene(s) of interest in murine salivary gland upon local RU486 delivery. We have deleted two major tumor suppressors, Pten, a negative regulator of the PI3K pathway, and Smad4, the central signaling mediator of TGFβ pathway, in the murine salivary gland. Our results have shown that deletion of either Pten or Smad4 in murine salivary gland resulted in pleomorphic adenomas, the most common tumor in human SGT patients. Deletion of both Pten and Smad4 in murine salivary gland developed several malignancies, with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) being the most frequently seen. Molecular characterization showed that SACC exhibited mTOR activation and TGFβ1 overexpression. Examination of human SGT clinical samples revealed that loss of Pten and Smad4 is common in human SACC samples, particularly in the most aggressive solid form, and is correlated with survival of SACC patients, highlighting the human relevance of the murine models. In summary, our results offer significant insight into synergistic role of Pten and Smad4 in SGT, providing a rationale for targeting mTOR and/or TGFβ signaling to control SGT formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Liwei Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Li Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Bai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sherif Said
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - John Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Natalie Serkova
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Minjie Wei
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, China Medial University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Shi-Long Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Laboratory of Precision Oncology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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45
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The role of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in diseases of the salivary glands. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:133-147. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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46
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TGF-β Family Signaling in Ductal Differentiation and Branching Morphogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a031997. [PMID: 28289061 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells contribute to the development of various vital organs by generating tubular and/or glandular architectures. The fully developed forms of ductal organs depend on processes of branching morphogenesis, whereby frequency, total number, and complexity of the branching tissue define the final architecture in the organ. Some ductal tissues, like the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation, disintegrate and regenerate through periodic cycles. Differentiation of branched epithelia is driven by antagonistic actions of parallel growth factor systems that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal communication. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members and their extracellular antagonists are prominently involved in both normal and disease-associated (e.g., malignant or fibrotic) ductal tissue patterning. Here, we discuss collective knowledge that permeates the roles of TGF-β family members in the control of the ductal tissues in the vertebrate body.
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Zboray K, Mohrherr J, Stiedl P, Pranz K, Wandruszka L, Grabner B, Eferl R, Moriggl R, Stoiber D, Sakamoto K, Wagner K, Popper H, Casanova E, Moll HP. AKT3 drives adenoid cystic carcinoma development in salivary glands. Cancer Med 2018; 7:445-453. [PMID: 29282901 PMCID: PMC5806106 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland cancer is an aggressive and painful cancer, but a rare tumor type accounting for only ~0.5% of cancer cases. Tumors of the salivary gland exhibit heterogeneous histologic and genetic features and they are subdivided into different subtypes, with adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) being one of the most abundant. Treatment of ACC patients is afflicted by high recurrence rates, the high potential of the tumors to metastasize, as well as the poor response of ACC to chemotherapy. A prerequisite for the development of targeted therapies is insightful genetic information for driver core cancer pathways. Here, we developed a transgenic mouse model toward establishment of a preclinical model. There is currently no available mouse model for adenoid cystic carcinomas as a rare disease entity to serve as a test system to block salivary gland tumors with targeted therapy. Based on tumor genomic data of ACC patients, a key role for the activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway was suggested in tumors of secretory glands. Therefore, we investigated the role of Akt3 expression in tumorigenesis and report that Akt3 overexpression results in ACC of salivary glands with 100% penetrance, while abrogation of transgenic Akt3 expression could revert the phenotype. In summary, our findings validate a novel mouse model to study ACC and highlight the druggable potential of AKT3 in the treatment of salivary gland patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Zboray
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Julian Mohrherr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Patricia Stiedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Klemens Pranz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Laura Wandruszka
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Beatrice Grabner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaComprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
- Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
- Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
- Institute of PharmacologyCenter for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Kazuhito Sakamoto
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraska
| | - Kay‐Uwe Wagner
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraska
| | - Helmut Popper
- Institute of PathologyResearch Unit Molecular Lung and Pleura PathologyMedical University of GrazGraz8036Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
- Department of PhysiologyCenter of Physiology and PharmacologyComprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Herwig P. Moll
- Department of PhysiologyCenter of Physiology and PharmacologyComprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Gao P, Qiao XH, Gou LM, Huang Y, Li QH, Li LJ, Wang XY, Li CJ. TGF-β1 attenuated branching morphogenesis of embryonic murine submandibular gland through Smad3 activation. Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:600-605. [PMID: 28884513 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays several crucial regulatory roles in multiple physiological and pathological processes. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of TGF-β1 in branching morphogenesis of salivary gland. We harvested and cultured submandibular salivary glands (SMGs) from murine embryos, which were then treated with exogenous TGF-β1, or its neutralized antibody, Smad3 inhibitor, or Smad3 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Our results suggested that TGF-β1 attenuated branching morphogenesis of embryonic murine SMG via Smad3 activation, thus playing a negative regulatory role in salivary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X-H Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L-M Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Q-H Li
- Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Panzhihua, Panzhihua, China
| | - L-J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X-Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C-J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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p190-B RhoGAP and intracellular cytokine signals balance hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell self-renewal and differentiation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14382. [PMID: 28176763 PMCID: PMC5309857 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate choices remain ill-defined. Here, we show that a signalling network of p190-B RhoGAP-ROS-TGF-β-p38MAPK balances HSPC self-renewal and differentiation. Upon transplantation, HSPCs express high amounts of bioactive TGF-β1 protein, which is associated with high levels of p38MAPK activity and loss of HSC self-renewal in vivo. Elevated levels of bioactive TGF-β1 are associated with asymmetric fate choice in vitro in single HSPCs via p38MAPK activity and this is correlated with the asymmetric distribution of activated p38MAPK. In contrast, loss of p190-B, a RhoGTPase inhibitor, normalizes TGF-β levels and p38MAPK activity in HSPCs and is correlated with increased HSC self-renewal in vivo. Loss of p190-B also promotes symmetric retention of multi-lineage capacity in single HSPC myeloid cell cultures, further suggesting a link between p190-B-RhoGAP and non-canonical TGF-β signalling in HSPC differentiation. Thus, intracellular cytokine signalling may serve as ‘fate determinants' used by HSPCs to modulate their activity. The success of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation relies on understanding what regulates the fate decision to self-renew. Here, the authors show using both in vitro assays and in vivo transplantation that loss of the RhoGAP p190-B enhances self-renewal by inhibiting TGFβ/p38 signalling.
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