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Arosa L, Camba-Gómez M, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Clavaín L, López M, Conde-Aranda J. RNA Expression of MMP12 Is Strongly Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Is Regulated by Metabolic Pathways in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3167. [PMID: 38542140 PMCID: PMC10970096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage metalloelastase or matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12) is a macrophage-specific proteolytic enzyme involved in the physiopathology of many inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Although previously published data suggested that the modulation of MMP12 in macrophages could be a determinant for the development of intestinal inflammation, scarce information is available on the mechanisms underlying the regulation of MMP12 expression in those phagocytes. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to delineate the association of MMP12 with inflammatory bowel disease and the molecular events leading to the transcriptional control of this metalloproteinase. For that, we used publicly available transcriptional data. Also, we worked with the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line for functional experiments. Our results showed a strong association of MMP12 expression with the severity of inflammatory bowel disease and the response to relevant biological therapies. In vitro assays revealed that the inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the stimulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway potentiated the expression of Mmp12. Additionally, AMPK and mTOR required a functional downstream glycolytic pathway to fully engage with Mmp12 expression. Finally, the pharmacological inhibition of MMP12 abolished the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-6 (Il6) in macrophages. Overall, our findings provide a better understanding of the mechanistic regulation of MMP12 in macrophages and its relationship with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Arosa
- Molecular and Cellular Gastroenterology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.A.); (M.C.-G.)
| | - Miguel Camba-Gómez
- Molecular and Cellular Gastroenterology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.A.); (M.C.-G.)
| | | | - Laura Clavaín
- EGO Genomics, Scientific Park of the University of Salamanca, Adaja Street 4, Building M2, 37185 Villamayor, Spain;
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Conde-Aranda
- Molecular and Cellular Gastroenterology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.A.); (M.C.-G.)
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Sampaio Moura N, Schledwitz A, Alizadeh M, Patil SA, Raufman JP. Matrix metalloproteinases as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colitis-associated cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1325095. [PMID: 38288108 PMCID: PMC10824561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1325095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic approaches for advanced CRC are limited and rarely provide long-term benefit. Enzymes comprising the 24-member matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases are key players in extracellular matrix degradation, a requirement for colon tumor expansion, invasion, and metastasis; hence, MMPs are an important research focus. Compared to sporadic CRC, less is known regarding the molecular mechanisms and the role of MMPs in the development and progression of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) - CRC on a background of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - primarily ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Hence, the potential of MMPs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CAC is uncertain. Our goal was to review data regarding the role of MMPs in the development and progression of CAC. We sought to identify promising prognostic and therapeutic opportunities and novel lines of investigation. A key observation is that since MMPs may be more active in early phases of CAC, using MMPs as biomarkers of advancing neoplasia and as potential therapeutic targets for adjuvant therapy in those with advanced stage primary CAC rather than overt metastases may yield more favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sampaio Moura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alyssa Schledwitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Madeline Alizadeh
- The Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seema A. Patil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Yang Y, Hua Y, Zheng H, Jia R, Ye Z, Su G, Gu Y, Zhan K, Tang K, Qi S, Wu H, Qin S, Huang S. Biomarkers prediction and immune landscape in ulcerative colitis: Findings based on bioinformatics and machine learning. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107778. [PMID: 38070204 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) presents diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. The primary objective of this study is to identify efficacious biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment, as well as acquire a deeper understanding of the immuneological characteristics associated with the disease. METHODS Datasets relating to UC were obtained from GEO database. Among these, three datasets were merged to create a metadata for bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Additionally, one dataset specifically utilized for external validation. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest (RF) were employed to screen signature genes. The artificial neural network (ANN) model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the diagnostic performance of signature genes. The single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was applied to reveal the immune landscape. Finally, the relationship between the signature genes, immune infiltration, and clinical characteristics was investigated through correlation analysis. RESULT By intersecting the result of LASSO, RF and WGCNA, 8 signature genes were identified, including S100A8, IL-1B, CXCL1, TCN1, MMP10, GREM1, DUOX2 and SLC6A14. The biological progress of this gene mostly encompasses acute inflammatory response, aggregation and chemotaxis of leukocyte, and response to lipopolysaccharide by mediating IL-17 signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Immune infiltration analysis shows 25 immune cells are significantly elevated in UC samples. Moreover, these signature genes exhibit a strong correlation with various immune cells and a mild to moderate correlation with the Mayo score. CONCLUSION S100A8, IL-1B, CXCL1, TCN1, MMP10, GREM1, DUOX2 and SLC6A14 have been identified as credible potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and therapy of UC. The immune response mediated by these signature biomarkers plays a crucial role in the occurrence and advancement of UC by means of the reciprocal interaction between the signature biomarkers and immune-infiltrated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Yang
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Yiwei Hua
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Huan Zheng
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Rui Jia
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhining Ye
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Guifang Su
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Yueming Gu
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Kai Zhan
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Kairui Tang
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Shuhao Qi
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Haomeng Wu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shumin Qin
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Shaogang Huang
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523000, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou 510120, China; Yang Chunbo academic experience inheritance studio of Guangdong provincial hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Quaresma TC, de Aguiar Valentim L, de Sousa JR, de Souza Aarão TL, Fuzii HT, Duarte MIS, de Souza J, Quaresma JAS. Immunohistochemical Characterization of M1, M2, and M4 Macrophages in Leprosy Skin Lesions. Pathogens 2023; 12:1225. [PMID: 37887741 PMCID: PMC10610015 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae is the etiological agent of leprosy. Macrophages (Mφs) are key players involved in the pathogenesis of leprosy. In this study, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the phenotype of Mφ subpopulations, namely M1, M2, and M4, in the skin lesions of patients diagnosed with leprosy. Based on the database of treatment-naïve patients treated between 2015 and 2019 at the Department of Dermatology of the University of the State of Pará, Belém, routine clinical screening samples were identified. The monolabeling protocol was used for M1 macrophages (iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α) and M2 macrophages (IL-10, IL-13, CD163, Arginase 1, TGF-β, FGFb), and the double-labeling protocol was used for M4 macrophages (IL-6, MMP7, MRP8, TNF-α e CD68). To confirm the M4 macrophage lineage, double labeling of the monoclonal antibodies CD68 and MRP8 was also performed. Our results demonstrated a statistically significant difference for the M1 phenotype among the Virchowian (VV) (4.5 ± 1.3, p < 0.0001), Borderline (1.6 ± 0.4, p < 0.0001), and tuberculoid (TT) (12.5 ± 1.8, p < 0.0001) clinical forms of leprosy. Additionally, the M2 phenotype showed a statistically significant difference among the VV (12.5 ± 2.3, p < 0.0001), Borderline (1.3 ± 0.2, p < 0.0001), and TT (3.2 ± 0.7, p < 0.0001) forms. For the M4 phenotype, a statistically significant difference was observed in the VV (9.8 ± 1.7, p < 0.0001), Borderline (1.2 ± 0.2, p < 0.0001), and TT (2.6 ± 0.7, p < 0.0001) forms. A significant correlation was observed between the VV M1 and M4 (r = 0.8712; p = 0.0000) and between the VV M2 × TT M1 (r = 0.834; p = 0.0002) phenotypes. The M1 Mφs constituted the predominant Mφ subpopulation in the TT and Borderline forms of leprosy, whereas the M2 Mφs showed increased immunoexpression and M4 was the predominant Mφ phenotype in VV leprosy. These results confirm the relationship of the Mφ profile with chronic pathological processes of the inflammatory response in leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Costa Quaresma
- Health Department, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para-CCBS, UEPA, Belem 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Lívia de Aguiar Valentim
- Health Department, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para-CCBS, UEPA, Belem 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa
- Health Department, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para-CCBS, UEPA, Belem 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Tinara Leila de Souza Aarão
- Health Department, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para-CCBS, UEPA, Belem 66087-662, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Para-UFPA, Altamira 68440-000, Brazil
| | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Health Department, Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para-NMT-UFPA, Belem 66055-240, Brazil
| | | | - Juarez de Souza
- Health Department, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para-CCBS, UEPA, Belem 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- Health Department, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Para-CCBS, UEPA, Belem 66087-662, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Para-UFPA, Altamira 68440-000, Brazil
- Health Department, Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para-NMT-UFPA, Belem 66055-240, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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5
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Bian Y, Kwon JJ, Liu C, Margiotta E, Shekhar M, Gould AE. Target-driven machine learning-enabled virtual screening (TAME-VS) platform for early-stage hit identification. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1163536. [PMID: 36994428 PMCID: PMC10040869 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1163536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) methods enable the empirical evaluation of a large scale of compounds and can be augmented by virtual screening (VS) techniques to save time and money by using potential active compounds for experimental testing. Structure-based and ligand-based virtual screening approaches have been extensively studied and applied in drug discovery practice with proven outcomes in advancing candidate molecules. However, the experimental data required for VS are expensive, and hit identification in an effective and efficient manner is particularly challenging during early-stage drug discovery for novel protein targets. Herein, we present our TArget-driven Machine learning-Enabled VS (TAME-VS) platform, which leverages existing chemical databases of bioactive molecules to modularly facilitate hit finding. Our methodology enables bespoke hit identification campaigns through a user-defined protein target. The input target ID is used to perform a homology-based target expansion, followed by compound retrieval from a large compilation of molecules with experimentally validated activity. Compounds are subsequently vectorized and adopted for machine learning (ML) model training. These machine learning models are deployed to perform model-based inferential virtual screening, and compounds are nominated based on predicted activity. Our platform was retrospectively validated across ten diverse protein targets and demonstrated clear predictive power. The implemented methodology provides a flexible and efficient approach that is accessible to a wide range of users. The TAME-VS platform is publicly available at https://github.com/bymgood/Target-driven-ML-enabled-VS to facilitate early-stage hit identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemin Bian
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuemin Bian,
| | - Jason J. Kwon
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Enrico Margiotta
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mrinal Shekhar
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra E. Gould
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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6
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He L, Kang Q, Chan KI, Zhang Y, Zhong Z, Tan W. The immunomodulatory role of matrix metalloproteinases in colitis-associated cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1093990. [PMID: 36776395 PMCID: PMC9910179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an important class of enzymes in the body that function through the extracellular matrix (ECM). They are involved in diverse pathophysiological processes, such as tumor invasion and metastasis, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, periodontal disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, and diseases of the central nervous system. MMPs participate in the occurrence and development of numerous cancers and are closely related to immunity. In the present study, we review the immunomodulatory role of MMPs in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and discuss relevant clinical applications. We analyze more than 300 pharmacological studies retrieved from PubMed and the Web of Science, related to MMPs, cancer, colitis, CAC, and immunomodulation. Key MMPs that interfere with pathological processes in CAC such as MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12, and MMP-13, as well as their corresponding mechanisms are elaborated. MMPs are involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, ECM remodeling, and the inflammatory response in CAC. They also affect the immune system by modulating differentiation and immune activity of immune cells, recruitment of macrophages, and recruitment of neutrophils. Herein we describe the immunomodulatory role of MMPs in CAC to facilitate treatment of this special type of colon cancer, which is preceded by detectable inflammatory bowel disease in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianming Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China,*Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Wen Tan,
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Wen Tan,
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7
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Neutrophils in Intestinal Inflammation: What We Know and What We Could Expect for the Near Future. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord4040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are short-lived cells that play a crucial role in inflammation. As in other tissues, these polymorphonuclear phagocytes are involved in the intestinal inflammatory response, on the one hand, contributing to the activation and recruitment of other immune cells, but on the other hand, facilitating intestinal mucosa repair by releasing mediators that aid in the resolution of inflammation. Even though these responses are helpful in physiological conditions, excessive recruitment of activated neutrophils in the gut correlates with increased mucosal damage and severe symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and pre-clinical models of colitis. Thus, there is growing interest in controlling their biology to generate novel therapeutic approaches capable of reducing exacerbated intestinal inflammation. However, the beneficial and harmful effects of neutrophils on intestinal inflammation are still controversial. With this review, we summarise and discuss the most updated literature showing how neutrophils (and neutrophil extracellular traps) contribute to developing and resolving intestinal inflammation and their putative use as therapeutic targets.
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8
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Liu D, Saikam V, Skrada KA, Merlin D, Iyer SS. Inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1856-1887. [PMID: 35603998 PMCID: PMC10321231 DOI: 10.1002/med.21893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized as chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes two main subtypes, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Endoscopy combined with biopsy is the most effective way to establish IBD diagnosis and disease management. Imaging techniques have also been developed to monitor IBD. Although effective, the methods are expensive and invasive, which leads to pain and discomfort. Alternative noninvasive biomarkers are being explored as tools for IBD prognosis and disease management. This review focuses on novel biomarkers that have emerged in recent years. These serological biomarkers and microRNAs could potentially be used for disease management in IBD, thereby decreasing patient discomfort and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Varma Saikam
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katie A Skrada
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- 790 Petit Science Center, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Suri S Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Chuliá-Peris L, Carreres-Rey C, Gabasa M, Alcaraz J, Carretero J, Pereda J. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Pulmonary Fibrosis: EMMPRIN/CD147 Comes into Play. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136894. [PMID: 35805895 PMCID: PMC9267107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, activation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and parenchymal disorganization, which have an impact on the biomechanical traits of the lung. In this context, the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is lost. Interestingly, several MMPs are overexpressed during PF and exhibit a clear profibrotic role (MMP-2, -3, -8, -11, -12 and -28), but a few are antifibrotic (MMP-19), have both profibrotic and antifibrotic capacity (MMP7), or execute an unclear (MMP-1, -9, -10, -13, -14) or unknown function. TIMPs are also overexpressed in PF; hence, the modulation and function of MMPs and TIMP are more complex than expected. EMMPRIN/CD147 (also known as basigin) is a transmembrane glycoprotein from the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) that was first described to induce MMP activity in fibroblasts. It also interacts with other molecules to execute non-related MMP aactions well-described in cancer progression, migration, and invasion. Emerging evidence strongly suggests that CD147 plays a key role in PF not only by MMP induction but also by stimulating fibroblast myofibroblast transition. In this review, we study the structure and function of MMPs, TIMPs and CD147 in PF and their complex crosstalk between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Chuliá-Peris
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (C.C.-R.); (J.C.)
| | - Cristina Carreres-Rey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (C.C.-R.); (J.C.)
| | - Marta Gabasa
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.); (J.A.)
| | - Jordi Alcaraz
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.); (J.A.)
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Carretero
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (C.C.-R.); (J.C.)
| | - Javier Pereda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (C.C.-R.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Derakhshani A, Javadrashid D, Hemmat N, Dufour A, Solimando AG, Abdoli Shadbad M, Duijf PHG, Brunetti O, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. Identification of Common and Distinct Pathways in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: A Hypothesis Based on Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:848646. [PMID: 35432477 PMCID: PMC9008839 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.848646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are at higher risk to develop colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms of this predisposition remain elusive. We performed in-depth comparative computational analyses to gain new insights, including weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses, using gene expression datasets from IBD and CRC patients. When individually comparing IBD and CRC to normal control samples, we identified clusters of highly correlated genes, differentially expressed genes, and module-trait associations specific for each disease. When comparing IBD to CRC, we identified common hub genes and commonly enriched pathways. Most notably, IBD and CRC share significantly increased expression of five genes (MMP10, LCN2, REG1A, REG3A, and DUOX2), enriched inflammatory and neutrophil activation pathways and, most notably, highly significant enrichment of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. Thus, our work expands our knowledge about the intricate relationship between IBD and CRC development and provides new rationales for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Derakhshani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Darya Javadrashid
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Insitute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Pascal H. G. Duijf
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi” , University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nicola Silvestris, ; Behzad Baradaran,
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Nicola Silvestris, ; Behzad Baradaran,
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11
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Matrix Metalloproteinase-10 in Kidney Injury Repair and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042131. [PMID: 35216251 PMCID: PMC8877639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase with the ability to degrade a broad spectrum of extracellular matrices and other protein substrates. The expression of MMP-10 is induced in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well as in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). During the different stages of kidney injury, MMP-10 may exert distinct functions by cleaving various bioactive substrates including heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and pro-MMP-1, -7, -8, -9, -10, -13. Functionally, MMP-10 is reno-protective in AKI by promoting HB-EGF-mediated tubular repair and regeneration, whereas it aggravates podocyte dysfunction and proteinuria by disrupting glomerular filtration integrity via degrading ZO-1. MMP-10 is also involved in cancerous invasion and emerges as a promising therapeutic target in patients with RCC. As a secreted protein, MMP-10 could be detected in the circulation and presents an inverse correlation with renal function. Due to the structural similarities between MMP-10 and the other MMPs, development of specific inhibitors targeting MMP-10 is challenging. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the role of MMP-10 in kidney diseases and discuss the potential mechanisms of its actions.
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Bergemalm D, Andersson E, Hultdin J, Eriksson C, Rush ST, Kalla R, Adams AT, Keita ÅV, D'Amato M, Gomollon F, Jahnsen J, Ricanek P, Satsangi J, Repsilber D, Karling P, Halfvarson J. Systemic Inflammation in Preclinical Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1526-1539.e9. [PMID: 34298022 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Preclinical ulcerative colitis is poorly defined. We aimed to characterize the preclinical systemic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, using a comprehensive set of proteins. METHODS We obtained plasma samples biobanked from individuals who developed ulcerative colitis later in life (n = 72) and matched healthy controls (n = 140) within a population-based screening cohort. We measured 92 proteins related to inflammation using a proximity extension assay. The biologic relevance of these findings was validated in an inception cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 101) and healthy controls (n = 50). To examine the influence of genetic and environmental factors on these markers, a cohort of healthy twin siblings of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 41) and matched healthy controls (n = 37) were explored. RESULTS Six proteins (MMP10, CXCL9, CCL11, SLAMF1, CXCL11 and MCP-1) were up-regulated (P < .05) in preclinical ulcerative colitis compared with controls based on both univariate and multivariable models. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses identified several potential key regulators, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma, oncostatin M, nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, and interleukin-4. For validation, we built a multivariable model to predict disease in the inception cohort. The model discriminated treatment-naïve patients with ulcerative colitis from controls with leave-one-out cross-validation (area under the curve = 0.92). Consistently, MMP10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and MCP-1, but not CCL11 and SLAMF1, were significantly up-regulated among the healthy twin siblings, even though their relative abundances seemed higher in incident ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS A set of inflammatory proteins are up-regulated several years before a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. These proteins were highly predictive of an ulcerative colitis diagnosis, and some seemed to be up-regulated already at exposure to genetic and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bergemalm
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Erik Andersson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Johan Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Eriksson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stephen T Rush
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Rahul Kalla
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alex T Adams
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- CIC bioGUNE Basque Research and Technology Alliance and Basque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fernando Gomollon
- Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Petr Ricanek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Repsilber
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pontus Karling
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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13
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Xing XW, Shi HY, Liu S, Feng SX, Feng SQ, Gong BQ. miR-496/MMP10 Is Involved in the Proliferation of IL-1β-Induced Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Via Mediating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2021; 44:1359-1369. [PMID: 33548006 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune disease featured by synovial inflammation. miR-496 is closely involved in various pathologic conditions. However, its role in RA has not yet been elucidated. Expression of miR-496 and MMP10 was determined based on the clinical samples with RA retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. In vitro model of RA was constructed in MH7A cells stimulated by IL-1β (10 ng/mL). Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry experiments were implemented to investigate the cell viability and apoptosis rate of MH7A cells. TargetScan was applied to identify the targets of miR-496, and the regulation of miR-496 on MMP10 expression was validated by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were conducted to examine the expression. miR-496 expression was decreased in RA tissues and MH7A cells after IL-1β treatment. Overexpression of miR-496 significantly inhibited IL-1β-treated MH7A cell viability. MMP10 was identified as a target of miR-496 and its expression was negatively regulated by miR-496. The effects of miR-496 on MH7A cell proliferation and apoptosis were reversed by MMP10. The activity of NF-κB pathway was associated with the miR-496/MMP10 axis in IL-1β-stimulated MH7A cells. To summarize, this study demonstrated that miR-496 can impair the proliferative ability and facilitate the apoptosis of IL-1β-treated MH7A through regulating MMP10 expression and NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wu Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No.24 FuKang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shu-Xin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No.24 FuKang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Bao-Qi Gong
- Department of Rheumatology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No.24 FuKang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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Derkacz A, Olczyk P, Olczyk K, Komosinska-Vassev K. The Role of Extracellular Matrix Components in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051122. [PMID: 33800267 PMCID: PMC7962650 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the intestine tissues, which simultaneously involves an increased degradation of ECM components and excessive intestinal fibrosis, is a defining trait of the progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The increased activity of proteases, especially matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leads to excessive degradation of the extracellular matrix and the release of protein and glycoprotein fragments, previously joined with the extracellular matrix, into the circulation. MMPs participate in regulating the functions of the epithelial barrier, the immunological response, and the process of wound healing or intestinal fibrosis. At a later stage of fibrosis during IBD, excessive formation and deposition of the matrix is observed. To assess changes in the extracellular matrix, quantitative measurement of the concentration in the blood of markers dependent on the activity of proteases, involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix proteins as well as markers indicating the formation of a new ECM, has recently been proposed. This paper describes attempts to use the quantification of ECM components as markers to predict intestinal fibrosis and evaluate the healing process of the gut. The markers which reflect increased ECM degradation, together with the ones which show the process of creating a new matrix during IBD, allow the attainment of important information regarding the changes in the intestinal tissue, epithelial integrity and extracellular matrix remodeling. This paper contains evidence confirming that ECM remodeling is an integral part of directional cell signaling in the progression of IBD, and not only a basis for the ongoing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Derkacz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.D.); (K.O.)
| | - Paweł Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.D.); (K.O.)
| | - Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.D.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32364-1150
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15
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Camba-Gómez M, Gualillo O, Conde-Aranda J. New Perspectives in the Study of Intestinal Inflammation: Focus on the Resolution of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052605. [PMID: 33807591 PMCID: PMC7962019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential physiological process that is directed to the protection of the organism against invading pathogens or tissue trauma. Most of the existing knowledge related to inflammation is focused on the factors and mechanisms that drive the induction phase of this process. However, since the recognition that the resolution of the inflammation is an active and tightly regulated process, increasing evidence has shown the relevance of this process for the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. For that reason, with this review, we aimed to summarize the most recent and interesting information related to the resolution process in the context of intestinal inflammation. We discussed the advances in the understanding of the pro-resolution at intestine level, as well as the new mediators with pro-resolutive actions that could be interesting from a therapeutic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Camba-Gómez
- Molecular and Cellular Gastroenterology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saúde) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Javier Conde-Aranda
- Molecular and Cellular Gastroenterology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-981-955-091
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16
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Shimshoni E, Adir I, Afik R, Solomonov I, Shenoy A, Adler M, Puricelli L, Sabino F, Savickas S, Mouhadeb O, Gluck N, Fishman S, Werner L, Salame TM, Shouval DS, Varol C, Auf dem Keller U, Podestà A, Geiger T, Milani P, Alon U, Sagi I. Distinct extracellular-matrix remodeling events precede symptoms of inflammation. Matrix Biol 2021; 96:47-68. [PMID: 33246101 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Identification of early processes leading to complex tissue pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, poses a major scientific and clinical challenge that is imperative for improved diagnosis and treatment. Most studies of inflammation onset focus on cellular processes and signaling molecules, while overlooking the environment in which they take place, the continuously remodeled extracellular matrix. In this study, we used colitis models for investigating extracellular-matrix dynamics during disease onset, while treating the matrix as a complete and defined entity. Through the analysis of matrix structure, stiffness and composition, we unexpectedly revealed that even prior to the first clinical symptoms, the colon displays its own unique extracellular-matrix signature and found specific markers of clinical potential, which were also validated in human subjects. We also show that the emergence of this pre-symptomatic matrix is mediated by subclinical infiltration of immune cells bearing remodeling enzymes. Remarkably, whether the inflammation is chronic or acute, its matrix signature converges at pre-symptomatic states. We suggest that the existence of a pre-symptomatic extracellular-matrix is general and relevant to a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elee Shimshoni
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL 76100, Israel
| | - Idan Adir
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL 76100, Israel
| | - Ran Afik
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL 76100, Israel
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL 76100, Israel
| | - Anjana Shenoy
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Miri Adler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Luca Puricelli
- CIMAINA and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Sabino
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simonas Savickas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Odelia Mouhadeb
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Nathan Gluck
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Sigal Fishman
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Lael Werner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Tomer-Meir Salame
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dror S Shouval
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Chen Varol
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- CIMAINA and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMAINA and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Uri Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL 76100, Israel.
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17
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Ungaro RC, Hu L, Ji J, Nayar S, Kugathasan S, Denson LA, Hyams J, Dubinsky MC, Sands BE, Cho JH. Machine learning identifies novel blood protein predictors of penetrating and stricturing complications in newly diagnosed paediatric Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 53:281-290. [PMID: 33131065 PMCID: PMC7770008 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for improved risk stratification in Crohn's disease. AIM To identify novel blood protein biomarkers associated with future Crohn's disease complications METHODS: We performed a case-cohort study utilising a paediatric inception cohort, the Risk Stratification and Identification of Immunogenetic and Microbial Markers of Rapid Disease Progression in Children with Crohn's disease (RISK) study. All patients had inflammatory disease (B1) at baseline. Outcomes were development of stricturing (B2) or penetrating (B3) complications. We assayed 92 inflammation-related proteins in baseline plasma using a proximity extension assay (Olink Proteomics). An ensemble machine learning technique, random survival forests (RSF), selected variables predicting B2 and B3 complications. Selected analytes were compared to clinical variables and serology only models. We examined selected proteins in a single-cell sequencing cohort to analyse differential cell expression in blood and ileum. RESULTS We included 265 patients with mean age 11.6 years (standard deviation [SD] 3.2). Seventy-three and 34 patients, respectively, had B2 and B3 complications within mean 1123 (SD 477) days for B2 and 1251 (442) for B3. A model with 5 protein markers predicted B3 complications with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-0.82) compared to 0.69 (95% CI 0.66-0.72) for serologies and 0.74 (95% CI 0.71-0.77) for clinical variables. A model with 4 protein markers predicted B2 complications with an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI 0.65-0.71) compared to 0.62 (95% CI 0.59-0.65) for serologies and 0.52 (95% CI 0.50-0.55) for clinical variables. B2 analytes were highly expressed in ileal stromal cells while B3 analytes were prominent in peripheral blood and ileal T cells. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel blood proteomic markers, distinct for B2 and B3, associated with progression of paediatric Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Ungaro
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liangyuan Hu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shikha Nayar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lee A. Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hyams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Marla C. Dubinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce E. Sands
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy H. Cho
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Valin A, Del Rey MJ, Municio C, Usategui A, Romero M, Fernández-Felipe J, Cañete JD, Blanco FJ, Ruano Y, Criado G, Pablos JL. IL6/sIL6R regulates TNFα-inflammatory response in synovial fibroblasts through modulation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:74. [PMID: 33126846 PMCID: PMC7596982 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The clinical efficacy of specific interleukin-6 inhibitors has confirmed the central role of IL6 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However the local role of IL6, in particular in synovial fibroblasts (SF) as a direct cellular target to IL6/sIL6R signal is not well characterized. The purpose of the study was to characterize the crosstalk between TNFα and IL6/sIL6R signaling to the effector pro-inflammatory response of SF. Methods SF lines were stimulated with either TNFα, IL6/sIL6R, or both together, for the time and dose indicated for each experiment, and where indicated, cells were treated with inhibitors actinomycin D, adalimumab, ruxolitinib and cycloheximide. mRNA expression of cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Level of IL8/CXCL8 and CCL8 in culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. Mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells migration assays were assessed by transwell using conditioned medium from SF cultures. Statistical analyses were performed as indicated in the corresponding figure legends and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The stimulation of SF with IL6/sIL6R and TNFα, cooperatively promotes the expression of mono- and lymphocytic chemokines such as IL6, CCL8 and CCL2, as well as matrix degrading enzymes such as MMP1, while inhibiting the induction of central neutrophil chemokines such as IL8/CXCL8. These changes in the pattern of chemokines expression resulted in reduced polymorphonuclear (PMN) and increased mononuclear cells (MNC) chemoattraction by SF. Mechanistic analyses of the temporal expression of genes demonstrated that the cooperative regulation mediated by these two factors is mostly induced through de novo transcriptional mechanisms activated by IL6/sIL6R. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that TNFα and IL6/sIL6R cooperation is partially mediated by the expression of secondary factors signaling through JAK/STAT pathways. Conclusions These results point out to a highly orchestrated response to IL6 in TNFα-induced SF and provide additional insights into the role of IL6/sIL6R in the context of RA, highlighting the contribution of IL6/sIL6R to the interplay of SF with other inflammatory cells. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12860-020-00317-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Valin
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain. .,Present Address: Springer Healthcare Iberica SL, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel J Del Rey
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Municio
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Usategui
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Romero
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Fernández-Felipe
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Unitat d'Artritis, Servei de Reumatologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Laboratorio de Investigación Osteoarticular y del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ruano
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Criado
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Pablos
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain. .,Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Piskór BM, Przylipiak A, Dąbrowska E, Niczyporuk M, Ławicki S. Matrilysins and Stromelysins in Pathogenesis and Diagnostics of Cancers. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10949-10964. [PMID: 33154674 PMCID: PMC7608139 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s235776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases which are widely studied in terms of their role in the physiological and pathological processes in the organism. In this article, we consider usefulness of matrilysins and stromelysins in pathogenesis and diagnostic of the most common malignancies in the world, e.g., lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. In all of the mentioned cancers, matrilysins and stromelysins have a pivotal role in their development and also may have diagnostic utility. Influence to the cancerous process is connected with specific dependencies between these enzymes and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), non-matrix components like cell surface components. All the information provided below allows to take a closer look at matrilysins and stromelysins and their functions in the cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maria Piskór
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Przylipiak
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Dąbrowska
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Niczyporuk
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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20
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Fonseca-Camarillo G, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Martínez-Benitez B, Barreto-Zuñiga R, Yamamoto-Furusho JK. Increased expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and MMP10, MMP23 in inflammatory bowel disease: Cross-sectional study. Scand J Immunol 2020; 93:e12962. [PMID: 32853407 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that EMMPRIN is involved in the regulation of immune response and the induction of MMPs production by fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to describe the intestinal gene expression and protein production of EMMPRIN, MMP23 and MMP10 in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and compared them with a control group. Gene expression of EMMPRIN, MMP10 and MMP23B was measured by RT-PCR. In order to determine EMMPRIN and MMP protein expression, colonic tissues were immunostained. The results of the study showed EMMPRIN gene expression was upregulated in rectal mucosa from active (a)UC versus aCD patients (P = .045), remission (r)CD group (P = .0009) and controls (P < .0001). We detected differences between rUC and aCD (P = .004), rCD (P < .0001) or control group (P < .0001). EMMPRIN showed a higher expression in mucosa (intraepithelial lymphocytes), submucosa and adventitia (endothelial cells) from aCD patients. MMP23 levels were increased in aUC and aCD compared to rUC and rCD and the control group (P = .0001). EMMPRIN+/MMP23+─expressing cells were localized mainly in mucosa, muscular and adventitia from active UC patients. MMP10 gene expression was increased in aUC versus CD patients and the control group (P = .0001). MMP10 gene expression is associated with inflammation in UC patients (P = .0001, r2 = .585). EMMPRIN+/MMP10+─producing cells were found mainly in all intestinal layers and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates from aUC patients. In conclusion, EMMPRIN, MMP23 and MMP10 were upregulated in patients with active UC versus remission UC , CD and control groups suggesting that, they are involved in the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fonseca-Camarillo
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Braulio Martínez-Benitez
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Barreto-Zuñiga
- Department of Endoscopy, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús K Yamamoto-Furusho
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Dalby E, Christensen SM, Wang J, Hamidzadeh K, Chandrasekaran P, Hughitt VK, Tafuri WL, Arantes RME, Rodrigues IA, Herbst R, El-Sayed NM, Sims GP, Mosser DM. Immune Complex-Driven Generation of Human Macrophages with Anti-Inflammatory and Growth-Promoting Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:102-112. [PMID: 32434940 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To maintain homeostasis, macrophages must be capable of assuming either an inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory phenotype. To better understand the latter, we stimulated human macrophages in vitro with TLR ligands in the presence of high-density immune complexes (IC). This combination of stimuli resulted in a broad suppression of inflammatory mediators and an upregulation of molecules involved in tissue remodeling and angiogenesis. Transcriptomic analysis of TLR stimulation in the presence of IC predicted the downstream activation of AKT and the inhibition of GSK3. Consequently, we pretreated LPS-stimulated human macrophages with small molecule inhibitors of GSK3 to partially phenocopy the regulatory effects of stimulation in the presence of IC. The upregulation of DC-STAMP and matrix metalloproteases was observed on these cells and may represent potential biomarkers for this regulatory activation state. To demonstrate the presence of these anti-inflammatory, growth-promoting macrophages in a human infectious disease, biopsies from patients with leprosy (Hanseniasis) were analyzed. The lepromatous form of this disease is characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia and defective cell-mediated immunity. Lesions in lepromatous leprosy contained macrophages with a regulatory phenotype expressing higher levels of DC-STAMP and lower levels of IL-12, relative to macrophages in tuberculoid leprosy lesions. Therefore, we propose that increased signaling by FcγR cross-linking on TLR-stimulated macrophages can paradoxically promote the resolution of inflammation and initiate processes critical to tissue growth and repair. It can also contribute to infectious disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dalby
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Stephen M Christensen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Jingya Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Kajal Hamidzadeh
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Prabha Chandrasekaran
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - V Keith Hughitt
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Wagner Luiz Tafuri
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; and
| | - Rosa Maria Esteves Arantes
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; and
| | | | - Ronald Herbst
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Najib M El-Sayed
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Gary P Sims
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878;
| | - David M Mosser
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;
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22
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Sugahara M, Tanaka S, Tanaka T, Saito H, Ishimoto Y, Wakashima T, Ueda M, Fukui K, Shimizu A, Inagi R, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T, Nangaku M. Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Inhibitor Protects against Metabolic Disorders and Associated Kidney Disease in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:560-577. [PMID: 31996409 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019060582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) inhibitors, which stimulate erythropoietin production through the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), are novel therapeutic agents used for treating renal anemia. Several PHD inhibitors, including enarodustat, are currently undergoing phase 2 or phase 3 clinical trials. Because HIF regulates a broad spectrum of genes, PHD inhibitors are expected to have other effects in addition to erythropoiesis, such as protection against metabolic disorders. However, whether such beneficial effects would extend to metabolic disorder-related kidney disease is largely unknown. METHODS We administered enarodustat or vehicle without enarodustat in feed to diabetic black and tan brachyury (BTBR) ob/ob mice from 4 to 22 weeks of age. To elucidate molecular changes induced by enarodustat, we performed transcriptome analysis of isolated glomeruli and in vitro experiments using murine mesangial cells. RESULTS Compared with BTBR ob/ob mice that received only vehicle, BTBR ob/ob mice treated with enarodustat displayed lower body weight, reduced blood glucose levels with improved insulin sensitivity, lower total cholesterol levels, higher adiponectin levels, and less adipose tissue, as well as a tendency for lower macrophage infiltration. Enarodustat-treated mice also exhibited reduced albuminuria and amelioration of glomerular epithelial and endothelial damage. Transcriptome analysis of isolated glomeruli revealed reduced expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) in enarodustat-treated mice compared with the vehicle-only group, accompanied by reduced glomerular macrophage infiltration. In vitro experiments demonstrated that both local HIF-1 activation and restoration of adiponectin by enarodustat contributed to CCL2/MCP-1 reduction in mesangial cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the PHD inhibitor enarodustat has potential renoprotective effects in addition to its potential to protect against metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Takeshi Wakashima
- Biological and Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Masatoshi Ueda
- Biological and Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Kenji Fukui
- Biological and Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, and
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Feng Y, Sun ZL, Liu SY, Wu JJ, Zhao BH, Lv GZ, Du Y, Yu S, Yang ML, Yuan FL, Zhou XJ. Direct and Indirect Roles of Macrophages in Hypertrophic Scar Formation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1101. [PMID: 31555142 PMCID: PMC6724447 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars are pathological scars that result from abnormal responses to trauma, and could cause serious functional and cosmetic disability. To date, no optimal treatment method has been established. A variety of cell types are involved in hypertrophic scar formation after wound healing, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular origins of hypertrophic scars are not fully understood. Macrophages are major effector cells in the immune response after tissue injury that orchestrates the process of wound healing. Depending on the local microenvironment, macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and functional changes at different stages during scar pathogenesis. This review intends to summarize the direct and indirect roles of macrophages during hypertrophic scar formation. The in vivo depletion of macrophages or blocking their signaling reduces scar formation in experimental models, thereby establishing macrophages as positive regulatory cells in the skin scar formation. In the future, a significant amount of attention should be given to molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause the phenotypic switch of wound macrophages, which may provide novel therapeutic targets for hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Li Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Si-Yu Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin-Hong Zhao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Lv
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming-Lie Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
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24
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Lv YP, Cheng P, Zhang JY, Mao FY, Teng YS, Liu YG, Kong H, Wu XL, Hao CJ, Han B, Ma Q, Yang SM, Chen W, Peng LS, Wang TT, Zou QM, Zhuang Y. Helicobacter pylori-induced matrix metallopeptidase-10 promotes gastric bacterial colonization and gastritis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau6547. [PMID: 30949574 PMCID: PMC6447374 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between gastric epithelium and immune response plays key roles in H. pylori-associated pathology. We demonstrated a procolonization and proinflammation role of MMP-10 in H. pylori infection. MMP-10 is elevated in gastric mucosa and is produced by gastric epithelial cells synergistically induced by H. pylori and IL-22 via the ERK pathway. Human gastric MMP-10 was correlated with H. pylori colonization and the severity of gastritis, and mouse MMP-10 from non-BM-derived cells promoted bacteria colonization and inflammation. H. pylori colonization and inflammation were attenuated in IL-22-/-, MMP-10-/-, and IL-22-/-MMP-10-/- mice. MMP-10-associated inflammation is characterized by the influx of CD8+ T cells, whose migration is induced via MMP-10-CXCL16 axis by gastric epithelial cells. Under the influence of MMP-10, Reg3a, E-cadherin, and zonula occludens-1 proteins decrease, resulting in impaired host defense and increased H. pylori colonization. Our results suggest that MMP-10 facilitates H. pylori persistence and promotes gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-pin Lv
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-yu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang-yuan Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-sheng Teng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-gang Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Kong
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-long Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan-jie Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Han
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, XinQiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3085, Australia
| | - Liu-sheng Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan-ming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Rohani MG, Dimitrova E, Beppu A, Wang Y, Jefferies CA, Parks WC. Macrophage MMP10 Regulates TLR7-Mediated Tolerance. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2817. [PMID: 30564235 PMCID: PMC6288447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an in vivo model of tolerance to TLR7-induced skin inflammation, we found a critical role for macrophage-derived MMP10 in mediating immune hypo-responsiveness. Cutaneous exposure to Imiquimod (IMQ), a TLR7 agonist, induced acute expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL1β, IL6, CXCL1) and neutrophil influx equally in both wildtype and Mmp10 -/- mice. However, whereas subsequent exposure (11 and 12 days later) to IMQ led to marked abrogation of pro-inflammatory factor expression in wildtype mice, Mmp10 -/- mice responded similarly as they did to the first application. In addition, the second exposure led to increased expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling (TNFAIP3, IRAK3) and immunosuppressive cytokines (IL10, TGFβ1) in wildtype mice but not in Mmp10 -/- mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that prior exposure of IMQ to bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) made wildtype cells refractory to subsequent stimulation but did not for Mmp10 -/- macrophages. These findings expand the critical roles MMP10 plays in controlling macrophage activation to indicate that the development of immune tolerance to TLR7 ligand is dependent on this macrophage-derived proteinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam G Rohani
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Dimitrova
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Beppu
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Caroline A Jefferies
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William C Parks
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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26
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Differential Intestinal Mucosa Transcriptomic Biomarkers for Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9208274. [PMID: 30417021 PMCID: PMC6207860 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9208274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic research has shaped the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) landscape identifying nearly two hundred risk loci. Nonetheless, the identified variants rendered only a partial success in providing criteria for the differential diagnosis between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Transcript levels from affected intestinal mucosa may serve as tentative biomarkers for improving classification and diagnosis of IBD. The aim of our study was to identify gene expression profiles specific for UC and CD, in endoscopically affected and normal intestinal colonic mucosa from IBD patients. We evaluated a panel of 84 genes related to the IBD-inflammatory pathway on 21 UC and 22 CD paired inflamed and not inflamed mucosa and on age-matched normal mucosa from 21 non-IBD controls. Two genes in UC (CCL11 and MMP10) and two in CD (C4BPB and IL1RN) showed an upregulation trend in both noninflamed and inflamed mucosa compared to controls. Our results suggest that the transcript levels of CCL11, MMP10, C4BPB, and IL1RN are candidate biomarkers that could help in clinical practice for the differential diagnosis between UC and CD and could guide new research on future therapeutic targets.
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27
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Afratis NA, Klepfish M, Karamanos NK, Sagi I. The apparent competitive action of ECM proteases and cross-linking enzymes during fibrosis: Applications to drug discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:4-15. [PMID: 29627371 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progressive loss of organ function in most organs is associated with fibrosis, a tissue state associated with abnormal matrix buildup. If highly progressive, the fibrotic process eventually leads to organ failure and death. Fibrosis is a basic connective tissue lesion defined by the increase in the amount of fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) components in a tissue or organ. In addition, intrinsic changes in important structural cells can induce the fibrotic response by regulating the differentiation, recruitment, proliferation and activation of extracellular matrix-producing myofibroblasts. ECM enzymes belonging to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and lysyl oxidases (LOXs) play a crucial role in ECM remodeling and regeneration. MMPs have a catalytic role in degradation of ECM, whereas LOX/LOXLs mediate ECM, especially collagen, cross-linking and stiffening. Importantly, enzymes from both families are elevated during the fibrotic response to tissue injury and its resolution. Yet, the apparent molecular competition or antagonistic activities of these enzyme families during the various stages of fibrosis is often overlooked. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of MMPs and LOX/LOXL2 in chronic organ fibrosis. Finally, we review contemporary therapeutic strategies for fibrosis treatment, based on neutralization of MMP and LOX activity, as well as the development of novel drug delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mordehay Klepfish
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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28
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Gharib SA, Manicone AM, Parks WC. Matrix metalloproteinases in emphysema. Matrix Biol 2018; 73:34-51. [PMID: 29406250 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have implicated a causative role for specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the development and progression of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its severe sequela, emphysema. However, the precise function of any given MMP in emphysema remains an unanswered question. Emphysema results from the degradation of alveolar elastin - among other possible mechanisms - a process that is often thought to be caused by elastolytic proteinases made by macrophages. In this article, we discuss the data suggesting, supporting, or refuting causative roles of macrophage-derived MMPs, with a focus on MMPs-7, -9, -10, -12, and 28, in both the human disease and mouse models of emphysema. Findings from experimental models suggest that some MMPs, such as MMP-12, may directly breakdown elastin, whereas others, particularly MMP-10 and MMP-28, promote the development of emphysema by influencing the proteolytic and inflammatory activities of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina A Gharib
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne M Manicone
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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29
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Truffi M, Sorrentino L, Monieri M, Fociani P, Mazzucchelli S, Bonzini M, Zerbi P, Sampietro GM, Di Sabatino A, Corsi F. Inhibition of Fibroblast Activation Protein Restores a Balanced Extracellular Matrix and Reduces Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease Strictures Ex Vivo. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:332-345. [PMID: 29361086 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic bowel inflammation that ultimately leads to fibrosis, for which medical therapy is currently unavailable. Fibrotic strictures in CD are characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, altered balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and overexpression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a marker of active fibroblasts. Here we investigated the role of FAP-targeted therapy in ECM remodeling in CD strictures ex vivo. METHODS Bowel specimens were obtained from stenotic and nonstenotic ileal segments from 30 patients with fibrostenotic CD undergoing surgery. FAP expression was evaluated in isolated mucosal myofibroblasts by immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Bowel tissue cultures were treated with anti-FAP antibody, and soluble collagen, TIMP-1, and MMPs were measured in tissue culture supernatants by immunoblotting. Anti-FAP-treated myofibroblasts were analyzed for TIMP-1 expression by immunoblotting, for migratory potential by wound healing assay, and for apoptosis by Annexin V staining. RESULTS Myofibroblasts from stenotic CD mucosa showed upregulation of FAP expression when compared with nonstenotic mucosa. Treatment of stenotic tissues with anti-FAP antibody induced a dose-dependent decrease in collagen production, particularly affecting type I collagen. The treatment also reduced TIMP-1 production in CD strictures, without altering MMP-3 and MMP-12 secretion. Accordingly, anti-FAP treatment inhibited TIMP-1 expression in stenotic CD myofibroblasts and enhanced myofibroblast migration without affecting survival. CONCLUSIONS FAP inhibition reduced type I collagen and TIMP-1 production by CD strictures ex vivo without compromising uninvolved bowel areas. These results suggest that targeting FAP could reconstitute ECM homeostasis in fibrostenotic CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Truffi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Monieri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fociani
- Department of Pathology, IBD Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonzini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Zerbi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathology, IBD Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca M Sampietro
- Department of Surgery, IBD Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Internal Medicine, St. Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Surgery Department, Breast Unit, ICS Maugeri S.p.A. SBPavia, Italy.,Nanomedicine laboratory, ICS Maugeri S.p.A. SB, Italy, Italy
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Matrix metalloproteinases as regulators of inflammatory processes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2036-2042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Guo Y, Su ZY, Zhang C, Gaspar JM, Wang R, Hart RP, Verzi MP, Kong ANT. Mechanisms of colitis-accelerated colon carcinogenesis and its prevention with the combination of aspirin and curcumin: Transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:22-34. [PMID: 28267439 PMCID: PMC5541256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Aspirin (ASA) and curcumin (CUR) are widely investigated chemopreventive candidates for CRC. However, the precise mechanisms of their action and their combinatorial effects have not been evaluated. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of ASA, CUR, and their combination in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-accelerated colorectal cancer (CAC). We also aimed to characterize the differential gene expression profiles in AOM/DSS-induced tumors as well as in tumors modulated by ASA and CUR using RNA-seq. Diets supplemented with 0.02% ASA, 2% CUR or 0.01% ASA+1% CUR were given to mice from 1week prior to the AOM injection until the experiment was terminated 22weeks after AOM initiation. Our results showed that CUR had a superior inhibitory effect in colon tumorigenesis compared to that of ASA. The combination of ASA and CUR at a lower dose exhibited similar efficacy to that of a higher dose of CUR at 2%. RNA isolated from colonic tissue from the control group and from tumor samples from the experimental groups was subjected to RNA-seq. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that the low-dose combination of ASA and CUR modulated larger gene sets than the single treatment. These differentially expressed genes were situated in several canonical pathways important in the inflammatory network and liver metastasis in CAC. We identified a small subset of genes as potential molecular targets involved in the preventive action of the combination of ASA and CUR. Taken together, the current results provide the first evidence in support of the chemopreventive effect of a low-dose combination of ASA and CUR in CAC. Moreover, the transcriptional profile obtained in our study may provide a framework for identifying the mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis process from normal colonic tissue to tumor development as well as the cancer inhibitory effects and potential molecular targets of ASA and CUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guo
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - John M Gaspar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Shanghai Roche Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Shanghai 10020, China
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Valatas V, Filidou E, Drygiannakis I, Kolios G. Stromal and immune cells in gut fibrosis: the myofibroblast and the scarface. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:393-404. [PMID: 28655975 PMCID: PMC5479991 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-inflammatory scarring is the end-result of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and tissue architectural destruction. It represents a failure to effectively remodel ECM and achieve proper reinstitution and healing during chronic relapsing inflammatory processes. Scarring may affect the functionality of any organ, and in the case of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated fibrosis leads to stricture formation and often surgery to remove the affected bowel. The activated myofibroblast is the final effector cell that overproduces ECM under the influence of various mediators generated by an intense interplay of classic and non-classic immune cells. This review focuses on how proinflammatory mediators from various sources produced in different stages of intestinal inflammation can form profibrotic pathways that eventually lead to tissue scarring through sustained activation of myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Valatas
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion (Vassilis Valatas, Ioannis Drygiannakis)
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis (Eirini Filidou, George Kolios), Greece
| | - Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion (Vassilis Valatas, Ioannis Drygiannakis)
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis (Eirini Filidou, George Kolios), Greece
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Smigiel KS, Parks WC. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Leukocyte Activation. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 147:167-195. [PMID: 28413028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As their name implies, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to degrade extracellular matrix proteins, a function that is indeed performed by some members. However, regardless of their cell source, matrix degradation is not the only function of these enzymes. Rather, individual MMPs have been shown to regulate specific immune processes, such as leukocyte influx and migration, antimicrobial activity, macrophage activation, and restoration of barrier function, typically by processing a range of nonmatrix protein substrates. Indeed, MMP expression is low under steady-state conditions but is markedly induced during inflammatory processes including infection, wound healing, and cancer. Increasing research is showing that MMPs are not just a downstream consequence of a generalized inflammatory process, but rather are critical factors in the overall regulation of the pattern, type, and duration of immune responses. This chapter outlines the role of leukocytes in tissue remodeling and describes recent progress in our understanding of how MMPs alter leukocyte activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate S Smigiel
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William C Parks
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Xu YL, Tang HL, Zhu SY, Peng HR, Qi ZT, Wang W. RIP3 deficiency exacerbates inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis mice model. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:156-163. [PMID: 28256024 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease. The receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) was reported to be involved in many inflammatory disease. However, the mechanism of RIP3 in the pathogenesis of UC is still unclear. To investigate the effects and possible mechanism of RIP3 in UC pathogenesis, RIP3-/- mice was used in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. It was found that by DSS-induced colitis, RIP3-/- mice showed significantly enhanced colitis symptoms, including increased weight loss, colon shortening, and colonic mucosa damage and severity, but decreased production of interleukin 6 and interleukin 1β. The results showed that RIP3 deficiency could not ameliorate but exacerbate the severity of colitis. On the mechanism, it was found that messenger RNA expressions of several repair-associated cytokines including interleukin 6, interleukin 22, cyclooxygenase 2, epithelial growth factor receptor ligand Epiregulin and matrix metalloproteinase 10 were siginificant decreased in RIP3-/- mice. Thus, RIP3-/- mice exhibited an impaired tissue repair in response to DSS. In a conclusion, RIP3 deficiency exerted detrimental effects in DSS induced colitis partially because of the impaired repair-associated cytokines expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lin Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ying Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Ran Peng
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Vandivort TC, Birkland TP, Domiciano TP, Mitra S, Kavanagh TJ, Parks WC. Stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) facilitates clearance and moderates inflammation and cell death following lung exposure to long multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1019-1031. [PMID: 28223796 PMCID: PMC5304974 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s123484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are nanomaterials composed of multiple layers of graphene cylinders with unique properties that make them valuable for a number of industries. However, rising global production has led to concerns regarding potential occupational exposures to them as raw materials during handling. This is especially true for long MWCNT fibers, whose aspect ratio has been posited to initiate pathology similar to that of asbestos. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of extracellular endopeptidases that control various processes related to tissue repair, inflammation, and more. Stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) has roles in modulating macrophage activation and function, and hence, we used an MMP-10 null (Mmp10−/−) mouse model to assess its role in controlling lung responses to inhaled long MWCNTs. Oropharyngeal aspiration of long MWCNTs (80 µg/mouse) by wild-type mice induced expression of Mmp10 mRNA, which was accompanied by a robust inflammatory response characterized by elevated expression of Tnfa, Il6, and Il1b. In Mmp10−/− mice, we found that absence of MMP-10 led to impaired pulmonary clearance of MWCNTs and reduced macrophage cell survival. Exposure of wild-type bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and alveolar macrophages to MWCNTs caused a rapid, dose-dependent upregulation of Mmp10 mRNA expression, which was accompanied by expression of pro-inflammatory products (Il6 and Il1b). These products were further enhanced in Mmp10−/− macrophages, resulting in increased caspase-3-dependent cell death compared with wild-type cells. These findings indicate that MMP-10 facilitates the clearance of MWCNTs and moderates the pro-inflammatory response of exposed alveolar and infiltrated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C Vandivort
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Timothy P Birkland
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Somenath Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - William C Parks
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA
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The Dual Role of Neutrophils in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5120118. [PMID: 27999328 PMCID: PMC5184791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5120118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterised by aberrant immunological responses leading to chronic inflammation without tissue regeneration. These two diseases are considered distinct entities, and there is some evidence that neutrophil behaviour, above all other aspects of immunity, clearly separate them. Neutrophils are the first immune cells recruited to the site of inflammation, and their action is crucial to limit invasion by microorganisms. Furthermore, they play an essential role in proper resolution of inflammation. When these processes are not tightly regulated, they can trigger positive feedback amplification loops that promote neutrophil activation, leading to significant tissue damage and evolution toward chronic disease. Defective chemotaxis, as observed in Crohn’s disease, can also contribute to the disease through impaired microbe elimination. In addition, through NET production, neutrophils may be involved in thrombo-embolic events frequently observed in IBD patients. While the role of neutrophils has been studied in different animal models of IBD for many years, their contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD remains poorly understood, and no molecules targeting neutrophils are used and validated for the treatment of these pathologies. Therefore, it is crucial to improve our understanding of their mode of action in these particular conditions in order to provide new therapeutic avenues for IBD.
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McMahan RS, Birkland TP, Smigiel KS, Vandivort TC, Rohani MG, Manicone AM, McGuire JK, Gharib SA, Parks WC. Stromelysin-2 (MMP10) Moderates Inflammation by Controlling Macrophage Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:899-909. [PMID: 27316687 PMCID: PMC4955757 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family control a range of immune processes, such as leukocyte influx and chemokine activity. Stromelysin-2 (MMP10) is expressed by macrophages in numerous tissues after injury; however, little is known of its function. In this study, we report that MMP10 is expressed by macrophages in human lungs from patients with cystic fibrosis and induced in mouse macrophages in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection both in vivo and by isolated resident alveolar and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Our data indicates that macrophage MMP10 serves a beneficial function in response to acute infection. Whereas wild-type mice survived infection with minimal morbidity, 50% of Mmp10(-/-) mice died and all showed sustained weight loss (morbidity). Although bacterial clearance and neutrophil influx did not differ between genotypes, macrophage numbers were ∼3-fold greater in infected Mmp10(-/-) lungs than in wild-types. Adoptive transfer of wild-type BMDM normalized infection-induced morbidity in Mmp10(-/-) recipients to wild-type levels, demonstrating that the protective effect of MMP10 was due to its production by macrophages. Both in vivo and in cultured alveolar macrophages and BMDM, expression of several M1 macrophage markers was elevated, whereas M2 markers were reduced in Mmp10(-/-) tissue and cells. Global gene expression analysis revealed that infection-mediated transcriptional changes persisted in Mmp10(-/-) BMDM long after they were downregulated in wild-type cells. These results indicate that MMP10 serves a beneficial role in response to acute infection by moderating the proinflammatory response of resident and infiltrating macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S McMahan
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Timothy P Birkland
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Kate S Smigiel
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
| | - Tyler C Vandivort
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105; Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
| | - Maryam G Rohani
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
| | - Anne M Manicone
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - John K McGuire
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - William C Parks
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
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Klupp F, Neumann L, Kahlert C, Diers J, Halama N, Franz C, Schmidt T, Koch M, Weitz J, Schneider M, Ulrich A. Serum MMP7, MMP10 and MMP12 level as negative prognostic markers in colon cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:494. [PMID: 27431388 PMCID: PMC4950722 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases which are involved in angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastatic formation. Up to date, the prognostic relevance of MMPs in serum of patients with colon cancer remains unknown. Thus, we wanted to assess an expression pattern of MMPs in a homogenous cohort of colon cancer patients to assess their potential as prognostic biomarkers. Methods Differences in the expression pattern of MMP7, MMP10 and MMP12 in 78 serum specimens of patients with an adenocarcinoma of the colon and serum specimens of a healthy control group were assessed using Luminex-100 technologies. Subsequently, we correlated these results with histopathological and clinical data of the patients. Results Luminex based expression analysis revealed a significant overexpression of MMP7 and an overexpression of MMP10 and MMP12 in the sera of colon cancer patients compared to the healthy control group. Patients with vascular invasion showed a significantly higher MMP12 expression than V0-staged patients. Moreover overexpression of MMP7, MMP10 and MMP12 in colon cancer patients´ sera displayed a significantly impaired overall survival. Multivariate analysis revealed high MMP10 serum levels to be an independent adverse prognostic marker in colon cancer patients. Conclusions Expression patterns of MMP7, MMP10 and MMP12 in colon cancer patients´ sera are different compared to serum specimens of healthy individuals. Furthermore, overexpression of MMP7, MMP10 and MMP12 in colon cancer patients´ sera correlates with a dismal prognosis and may help to stratify patients into different risk groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2515-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee Klupp
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lena Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Diers
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- National Center for Tumor diseases, Medical Oncology and Internal medicine VI, Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Franz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Koch
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juergen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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de Bruyn M, Vandooren J, Ugarte-Berzal E, Arijs I, Vermeire S, Opdenakker G. The molecular biology of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in inflammatory bowel diseases. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 51:295-358. [DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1199535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Schlage P, Kockmann T, Sabino F, Kizhakkedathu JN, Auf dem Keller U. Matrix Metalloproteinase 10 Degradomics in Keratinocytes and Epidermal Tissue Identifies Bioactive Substrates With Pleiotropic Functions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:3234-46. [PMID: 26475864 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.053520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important players in skin homeostasis, wound repair, and in the pathogenesis of skin cancer. It is now well established that most of their functions are related to processing of bioactive proteins rather than components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMP10 is highly expressed in keratinocytes at the wound edge and at the invasive front of tumors, but hardly any non-ECM substrates have been identified and its function in tissue repair and carcinogenesis is unclear. To better understand the role of MMP10 in the epidermis, we employed multiplexed iTRAQ-based Terminal Amine Isotopic Labeling of Substrates (TAILS) and monitored MMP10-dependent proteolysis over time in secretomes from keratinocytes. Time-resolved abundance clustering of neo-N termini classified MMP10-dependent cleavage events by efficiency and refined the MMP10 cleavage site specificity by revealing a so far unknown preference for glutamate in the P1 position. Moreover, we identified and validated the integrin alpha 6 subunit, cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 and dermokine as novel direct MMP10 substrates and provide evidence for MMP10-dependent but indirect processing of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1. Finally, we sampled the epidermal proteome and degradome in unprecedented depth and confirmed MMP10-dependent processing of dermokine in vivo by TAILS analysis of epidermis from transgenic mice that overexpress a constitutively active mutant of MMP10 in basal keratinocytes. The newly identified substrates are involved in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and/or differentiation, indicating a contribution of MMP10 to local modulation of these processes during wound healing and cancer development. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Schlage
- From the ‡ETH Zurich, Department of Biology,Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kockmann
- From the ‡ETH Zurich, Department of Biology,Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Sabino
- From the ‡ETH Zurich, Department of Biology,Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- §University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Chemistry, Centre for Blood Research, 4.401Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- From the ‡ETH Zurich, Department of Biology,Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Rohani MG, McMahan RS, Razumova MV, Hertz AL, Cieslewicz M, Pun SH, Regnier M, Wang Y, Birkland TP, Parks WC. MMP-10 Regulates Collagenolytic Activity of Alternatively Activated Resident Macrophages. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2377-2384. [PMID: 25927164 PMCID: PMC4567949 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) is expressed by macrophages and epithelium in response to injury, but its functions in wound repair are unknown. We observed increased collagen deposition and skin stiffness in Mmp10(-/-) wounds, with no difference in collagen expression or reepithelialization. Increased collagen deposition in Mmp10(-/-) wounds was accompanied by less collagenolytic activity and reduced expression of specific metallocollagenases, particularly MMP-8 and MMP-13, where MMP-13 was the key collagenase. Ablation and adoptive transfer approaches and cell-based models demonstrated that the MMP-10-dependent collagenolytic activity was a product of alternatively activated (M2) resident macrophages. These data demonstrate a critical role for macrophage MMP-10 in controlling the tissue remodeling activity of macrophages and moderating scar formation during wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam G Rohani
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Ryan S McMahan
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maria V Razumova
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Angie L Hertz
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maryelise Cieslewicz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy P Birkland
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Sokai A, Handa T, Tanizawa K, Oga T, Uno K, Tsuruyama T, Kubo T, Ikezoe K, Nakatsuka Y, Tanimura K, Muro S, Hirai T, Nagai S, Chin K, Mishima M. Matrix metalloproteinase-10: a novel biomarker for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2015; 16:120. [PMID: 26415518 PMCID: PMC4587921 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and MMP-7 has been described as a useful biomarker for IPF. However, little is known regarding the significance of MMP-10 as a biomarker for IPF. Methods This observational cohort study included 57 patients with IPF. Serum MMPs were comprehensively measured in all patients, and the relationships between these markers and both disease severity and prognosis were evaluated. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) MMP-7 and -10 levels were measured in 19 patients to investigate the correlation between these markers and their corresponding serum values. Immunohistochemical staining for MMP-10 was also performed in IPF lung tissue. Results Serum MMP-7 and -10 levels correlated significantly with both the percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (ρ = −0.31, p = 0.02 and ρ = −0.34, p < 0.01, respectively) and the percentage of predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (ρ = −0.32, p = 0.02 and ρ = −0.43, p < 0.01, respectively). BALF MMP-7 and -10 levels correlated with their corresponding serum concentrations. Only serum MMP-10 predicted clinical deterioration within 6 months and overall survival. In IPF lungs, the expression of MMP-10 was enhanced and localized to the alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and peripheral bronchiolar epithelial cells. Conclusions MMP-10 may be a novel biomarker reflecting both disease severity and prognosis in patients with IPF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0280-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Sokai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Handa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kiminobu Tanizawa
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Toru Oga
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kazuko Uno
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kubo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kohei Ikezoe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Tanimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Muro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Sonoko Nagai
- Kyoto Central Clinic/Clinical Research Center, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Chin
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Michiaki Mishima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Alpha-1 antitrypsin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as serum biomarkers of disease severity in ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1077-88. [PMID: 25803506 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initial assessment of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is challenging and relies on apparent clinical symptoms and measurements of surrogate markers (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP] or similar acute phase proteins). As CRP only reliably identifies patients with severe disease, novel biomarkers are currently needed for identification of patients with mild or moderate disease activity. Using a commercially available platform, we aimed at identifying serum biomarkers that are able to grade the disease severity. METHODS Serum samples from 65 patients with UC with varying disease activity (Mayo score) and from 40 healthy controls were analyzed by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 78 potential disease biomarkers. Using the statistical software SIMCA-P+ and GraphPad Prism, multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to identify a limited number of biomarkers to assess disease severity. RESULTS Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) differentiated between mild and moderate UC (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.79) with a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.70, thereby exceeding the predictive ability of CRP (AUC = 0.52). Combining alpha-1 antitrypsin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced a predictive model with an AUC of 0.72 when differentiating mild and moderate UC, and an AUC of 0.96 when differentiating moderate and severe UC, the latter being as reliable as CRP. CONCLUSIONS Alpha-1 antitrypsin is identified as a potential serum biomarker of mild-to-moderate disease activity in UC. With the ability to differentiate between mild, moderate, and severe stages of UC using a simple serum biomarker that is already commercially available, clinicians can initiate individualized treatment regimens at an earlier stage before endoscopic examinations are available.
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Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory bowel disease: an update. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:964131. [PMID: 25948887 PMCID: PMC4408746 DOI: 10.1155/2015/964131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to be upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other inflammatory conditions, but while their involvement is clear, their role in many settings has yet to be determined. Studies of the involvement of MMPs in IBD since 2006 have revealed an array of immune and stromal cells which release the proteases in response to inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Through digestion of the extracellular matrix and cleavage of bioactive proteins, a huge diversity of roles have been revealed for the MMPs in IBD, where they have been shown to regulate epithelial barrier function, immune response, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and wound healing. For this reason, MMPs have been recognised as potential biomarkers for disease activity in IBD and inhibition remains a huge area of interest. This review describes new roles of MMPs in the pathophysiology of IBD and suggests future directions for the development of treatment strategies in this condition.
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Shimshoni E, Yablecovitch D, Baram L, Dotan I, Sagi I. ECM remodelling in IBD: innocent bystander or partner in crime? The emerging role of extracellular molecular events in sustaining intestinal inflammation. Gut 2015; 64:367-72. [PMID: 25416065 PMCID: PMC4345769 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elee Shimshoni
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Doron Yablecovitch
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel,Department of Gastroenterology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Liran Baram
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Is there new hope for therapeutic matrix metalloproteinase inhibition? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:904-27. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Garcia-Irigoyen O, Carotti S, Latasa MU, Uriarte I, Fernández-Barrena MG, Elizalde M, Urtasun R, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U, Morini S, Banales JM, Parks WC, Rodriguez JA, Orbe J, Prieto J, Páramo JA, Berasain C, Ávila MA. Matrix metalloproteinase-10 expression is induced during hepatic injury and plays a fundamental role in liver tissue repair. Liver Int 2014; 34:e257-70. [PMID: 24119197 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Upon tissue injury, the liver mounts a potent reparative and regenerative response. A role for proteases, including serine and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in this process is increasingly recognized. We have evaluated the expression and function of MMP10 (stromelysin-2) in liver wound healing and regeneration. METHODS The hepatic expression of MMP10 was examined in two murine models: liver regeneration after two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) and bile duct ligation (BDL). MMP10 was detected in liver tissues by qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The effect of growth factors and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists on MMP10 expression was studied in cultured parenchymal and biliary epithelial cells and macrophages respectively. The role of MMP10 was evaluated by comparing the response of Mmp10+/+ and Mmp10-/- mice to PH and BDL. The intrahepatic turnover of the extracellular matrix proteins fibrin (ogen) and fibronectin was examined. RESULTS MMP10 mRNA was readily induced after PH and BDL. MMP10 protein was detected in hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and macrophages. In cultured liver epithelial cells, MMP10 expression was additively induced by transforming growth factor-β and epidermal growth factor receptor ligands. TLR4 ligands also stimulated MMP10 expression in macrophages. Lack of MMP10 resulted in increased liver injury upon PH and BDL. Resolution of necrotic areas was impaired, and Mmp10-/- mice showed increased fibrogenesis and defective turnover of fibrin (ogen) and fibronectin. CONCLUSIONS MMP10 expression is induced during mouse liver injury and participates in the hepatic wound healing response. The profibrinolytic activity of MMP10 may be essential in this novel hepatoprotective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Garcia-Irigoyen
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Nissinen L, Kähäri VM. Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2571-80. [PMID: 24631662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of ubiquitously expressed zinc-dependent endopeptidases with broad substrate specificity and strictly regulated tissue specific expression. They are expressed in physiological situations and pathological conditions involving inflammation. MMPs regulate several functions related to inflammation including bioavailability and activity of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. There is also evidence that MMPs regulate inflammation in tumor microenvironment, which plays an important role in cancer progression. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we discuss the current view on the role of MMPs in the regulation of inflammation. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS MMPs modulate inflammation by regulating bioavailability and activity of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as integrity of physical tissue barriers. MMPs are also involved in immune evasion of tumor cells and in regulation of inflammation in tumor microenvironment. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE There is increasing evidence for non-matrix substrates of MMPs that are related to regulation of inflammatory processes. New methods have been employed for identification of the substrates of MMPs in inflammatory processes in vivo. Detailed information on the substrates of MMPs may offer more specific and effective ways of inhibiting MMP function by blocking the cleavage site in substrate or by inhibition of the bioactivity of the substrate. It is expected, that more precise information on the MMP-substrate interaction may offer novel strategies for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases and cancer without blocking beneficial actions of MMPs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
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Geraghty P, Wyman AE, Garcia-Arcos I, Dabo AJ, Gadhvi S, Foronjy R. STAT3 modulates cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and protease expression. Front Physiol 2013; 4:267. [PMID: 24101903 PMCID: PMC3787396 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) regulates inflammation, apoptosis, and protease expression, which are critical processes associated with airway injury and lung tissue destruction. However, the precise role of STAT3 in the development of airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been established. This study shows that cigarette smoke activates STAT3 in the lungs of mice. Since cigarette smoke activated STAT3 in the lung, we then evaluated how the loss of STAT3 would impact on smoke-mediated lung inflammation, protease expression, and apoptosis. STAT3+/+ and STAT3−/− mice were exposed to 8 days of cigarette smoke. Compared to the STAT3+/+ mice bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cellularity was significantly elevated in the STAT3−/− mice both before and after cigarette smoke exposure, with the increase in cells primarily macrophages. In addition, smoke exposure induced significantly higher BALF protein levels of Interleukin-1α (IL-1α), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and higher tissue expression of keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) in the STAT3−/− mice. Lung mRNA expression of MMP-12 was increased in STAT3−/− at baseline. However, the smoke-induced increase in MMP-10 expression seen in the STAT3+/+ mice was not observed in the STAT3−/− mice. Moreover, lung protein levels of the anti-inflammatory proteins SOCS3 and IL-10 were markedly lower in the STAT3−/− mice compared to the STAT3+/+ mice. Lastly, apoptosis, as determined by caspase 3/7 activity assay, was increased in the STAT3−/− at baseline to levels comparable to those observed in the smoke-exposed STAT3+/+ mice. Together, these results indicate that the smoke-mediated induction of lung STAT3 activity may play a critical role in maintaining normal lung homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt Health Sciences Center, New York NY, USA
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Poh TW, Madsen CS, Gorman JE, Marler RJ, Leighton JA, Cohen PA, Gendler SJ. Downregulation of hematopoietic MUC1 during experimental colitis increases tumor-promoting myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5039-52. [PMID: 23873692 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MUC1 is a tumor-associated antigen that is aberrantly expressed in cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Even though immune cells express low MUC1 levels, their modulations of MUC1 are important in tumor progression. Consistent with previous clinical data that show increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in IBD, we now show that downregulation of MUC1 on hematopoietic cells increases MDSCs in IBD, similar to our data in tumor-bearing mice. We hypothesize that MDSC expansion in IBD is critical for tumor progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To mechanistically confirm the linkage between Muc1 downregulation and MDSC expansion, we generated chimeric mice that did not express Muc1 in the hematopoietic compartment (KO→WT). These mice were used in two models of colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and their responses were compared with wild-type (WT) chimeras (WT→WT). RESULTS KO→WT mice show increased levels of MDSCs during colitis and increased protumorigenic signaling in the colon during CAC, resulting in larger colon tumors. RNA and protein analysis show increased upregulation of metalloproteinases, collagenases, defensins, complements, growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines in KO→WT mice as compared with WT→WT mice. Antibody-mediated depletion of MDSCs in mice during colitis reduced colon tumor formation during CAC. CONCLUSION Development of CAC is a serious complication of colitis and our data highlight MDSCs as a targetable link between inflammation and cancer. In addition, the lack of MUC1 expression on MDSCs can be a novel marker for MDSCs, given that MDSCs are still not well characterized in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Wei Poh
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Comparative Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
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