1
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Freitas ADS, Barroso FAL, Campos GM, Américo MF, Viegas RCDS, Gomes GC, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Carvalho RDDO, Jardin J, Miranda APGDS, Ferreira E, Martins FS, Laguna JG, Jan G, Azevedo V, de Jesus LCL. Exploring the anti-inflammatory effects of postbiotic proteins from Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 on inflammatory bowel disease model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134216. [PMID: 39069058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 is a promising health-promoting bacterium shown to alleviate intestinal inflammation. However, the specific bacterial components responsible for these effects remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that consuming extractable proteins from the CIDCA 133 strain effectively relieved acute ulcerative colitis in mice. This postbiotic protein fraction reduced the disease activity index and prevented colon shortening in mice. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed colitis prevention with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration into the colon mucosa. Postbiotic consumption also induced an immunomodulatory profile in colitic mice, as evidenced by both mRNA transcript levels (Tlr2, Nfkb1, Nlpr3, Tnf, and Il6) and cytokines concentration (IL1β, TGFβ, and IL10). Additionally, it enhanced the levels of secretory IgA, upregulated the transcript levels of tight junction proteins (Hp and F11r), and improved paracellular intestinal permeability. More interestingly, the consumption of postbiotic proteins modulated the gut microbiota (Bacteroides, Arkkemansia, Dorea, and Oscillospira). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that IL10 and IL1β levels were positively associated with Bacteroides and Arkkemansia_Lactobacillus abundance. Our study reveals that CIDCA 133-derived proteins possess anti-inflammatory properties in colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Dos Santos Freitas
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Munis Campos
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Monique Ferrary Américo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Camargos Gomes
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kátia Duarte Vital
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Enio Ferreira
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of General Pathology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Santos Martins
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Microbiology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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2
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Melhem H, Niess JH. Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Are the Differences? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8534. [PMID: 39126102 PMCID: PMC11313654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, with EoE predominantly provoked by food and aeroallergens, whereas IBD is driven by a broader spectrum of immunopathological and environmental triggers. This review presents a comprehensive comparison of the pathophysiological and therapeutic strategies for EoE and IBD. We examine the current understanding of their underlying mechanisms, particularly the interplay between environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. A crucial element in both diseases is the integrity of the epithelial barrier, whose disruption plays a central role in their pathogenesis. The involvement of eosinophils, mast cells, B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and their associated cytokines is examined, highlighting the importance of targeting cytokine signaling pathways to modulate immune-epithelial interactions. We propose that advances in computation tools will uncover the significance of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in connecting immune and epithelial cells, leading to novel therapies for EoE and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Melhem
- Gastroenterology Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Gastroenterology Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Digestive Healthcare Center, Clarunis, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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3
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AlMarzooqi SK, Almarzooqi F, Sadida HQ, Jerobin J, Ahmed I, Abou-Samra AB, Fakhro KA, Dhawan P, Bhat AA, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS. Deciphering the complex interplay of obesity, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and tight junction remodeling: Unraveling potential therapeutic avenues. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13766. [PMID: 38745386 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Obesity stands as a formidable global health challenge, predisposing individuals to a plethora of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. A confluence of genetic polymorphisms, suboptimal dietary choices, and sedentary lifestyles significantly contribute to the elevated incidence of obesity. This multifaceted health issue profoundly disrupts homeostatic equilibrium at both organismal and cellular levels, with marked alterations in gut permeability as a salient consequence. The intricate mechanisms underlying these alterations have yet to be fully elucidated. Still, evidence suggests that heightened inflammatory cytokine levels and the remodeling of tight junction (TJ) proteins, particularly claudins, play a pivotal role in the manifestation of epithelial barrier dysfunction in obesity. Strategic targeting of proteins implicated in these pathways and metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids presents a promising intervention for restoring barrier functionality among individuals with obesity. Nonetheless, recognizing the heterogeneity among affected individuals is paramount; personalized medical interventions or dietary regimens tailored to specific genetic backgrounds and allergy profiles may prove indispensable. This comprehensive review delves into the nexus of obesity, tight junction remodeling, and barrier dysfunction, offering a critical appraisal of potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K AlMarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fajr Almarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ikhlak Ahmed
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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4
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Hu X, Yuan X, Zhang G, Song H, Ji P, Guo Y, Liu Z, Tian Y, Shen R, Wang D. The intestinal epithelial-macrophage-crypt stem cell axis plays a crucial role in regulating and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Life Sci 2024; 344:122452. [PMID: 38462226 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal tract plays a vital role in both digestion and immunity, making its equilibrium crucial for overall health. This equilibrium relies on the dynamic interplay among intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages, and crypt stem cells. Intestinal epithelial cells play a pivotal role in protecting and regulating the gut. They form vital barriers, modulate immune responses, and engage in pathogen defense and cytokine secretion. Moreover, they supervise the regulation of intestinal stem cells. Macrophages, serving as immune cells, actively influence the immune response through the phagocytosis of pathogens and the release of cytokines. They also contribute to regulating intestinal stem cells. Stem cells, known for their self-renewal and differentiation abilities, play a vital role in repairing damaged intestinal epithelium and maintaining homeostasis. Although research has primarily concentrated on the connections between epithelial and stem cells, interactions with macrophages have been less explored. This review aims to fill this gap by exploring the roles of the intestinal epithelial-macrophage-crypt stem cell axis in maintaining intestinal balance. It seeks to unravel the intricate dynamics and regulatory mechanisms among these essential players. A comprehensive understanding of these cell types' functions and interactions promises insights into intestinal homeostasis regulation. Moreover, it holds potential for innovative approaches to manage conditions like radiation-induced intestinal injury, inflammatory bowel disease, and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Guokun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Haoyun Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Pengfei Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Yanan Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Zihua Liu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China
| | - Yixiao Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Rong Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Degui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China.
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5
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Luu LDW, Pandey A, Paramsothy S, Ngo C, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Liu C, Kamm MA, Borody TJ, Man SM, Kaakoush NO. Profiling the colonic mucosal response to fecal microbiota transplantation identifies a role for GBP5 in colitis in humans and mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2645. [PMID: 38531874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Host molecular responses to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ulcerative colitis are not well understood. Here, we profile the human colonic mucosal transcriptome prior to and following FMT or placebo to identify molecules regulated during disease remission. FMT alters the transcriptome above the effect of placebo (n = 75 vs 3 genes, q < 0.05), including modulation of structural, metabolic and inflammatory pathways. This response is attributed to responders with no consistency observed in non-responders. Regulated pathways in responders include tight junctions, calcium signalling and xenobiotic metabolism. Genes significantly regulated longitudinally in responders post-FMT could discriminate them from responders and non-responders at baseline and non-responders post-FMT, with GBP5 and IRF4 downregulation being associated with remission. Female mice with a deletion of GBP5 are more resistant to developing colitis than their wild-type littermates, showing higher colonic IRF4 phosphorylation. The colonic mucosal response discriminates UC remission following FMT, with GBP5 playing a detrimental role in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence D W Luu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Abhimanu Pandey
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Sudarshan Paramsothy
- Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Chinh Ngo
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Cheng Liu
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Michael A Kamm
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Si Ming Man
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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6
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López-Posadas R, Bagley DC, Pardo-Pastor C, Ortiz-Zapater E. The epithelium takes the stage in asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1258859. [PMID: 38529406 PMCID: PMC10961468 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1258859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelium is a dynamic barrier and the damage to this epithelial layer governs a variety of complex mechanisms involving not only epithelial cells but all resident tissue constituents, including immune and stroma cells. Traditionally, diseases characterized by a damaged epithelium have been considered "immunological diseases," and research efforts aimed at preventing and treating these diseases have primarily focused on immuno-centric therapeutic strategies, that often fail to halt or reverse the natural progression of the disease. In this review, we intend to focus on specific mechanisms driven by the epithelium that ensure barrier function. We will bring asthma and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases into the spotlight, as we believe that these two diseases serve as pertinent examples of epithelium derived pathologies. Finally, we will argue how targeting the epithelium is emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy that holds promise for addressing these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universtiy Eralngen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dustin C. Bagley
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Hospital Clínico-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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7
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Oami T, Abtahi S, Shimazui T, Chen CW, Sweat YY, Liang Z, Burd EM, Farris AB, Roland JT, Tsukita S, Ford ML, Turner JR, Coopersmith CM. Claudin-2 upregulation enhances intestinal permeability, immune activation, dysbiosis, and mortality in sepsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2217877121. [PMID: 38412124 PMCID: PMC10927519 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217877121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial expression of the tight junction protein claudin-2, which forms paracellular cation and water channels, is precisely regulated during development and in disease. Here, we show that small intestinal epithelial claudin-2 expression is selectively upregulated in septic patients. Similar changes occurred in septic mice, where claudin-2 upregulation coincided with increased flux across the paracellular pore pathway. In order to define the significance of these changes, sepsis was induced in claudin-2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Sepsis-induced increases in pore pathway permeability were prevented by claudin-2 KO. Moreover, claudin-2 deletion reduced interleukin-17 production and T cell activation and limited intestinal damage. These effects were associated with reduced numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and bacteria within the peritoneal fluid of septic claudin-2 KO mice. Most strikingly, claudin-2 deletion dramatically enhanced survival in sepsis. Finally, the microbial changes induced by sepsis were less pathogenic in claudin-2 KO mice as survival of healthy WT mice injected with cecal slurry collected from WT mice 24 h after sepsis was far worse than that of healthy WT mice injected with cecal slurry collected from claudin-2 KO mice 24 h after sepsis. Claudin-2 upregulation and increased pore pathway permeability are, therefore, key intermediates that contribute to development of dysbiosis, intestinal damage, inflammation, ineffective pathogen control, and increased mortality in sepsis. The striking impact of claudin-2 deletion on progression of the lethal cascade activated during sepsis suggests that claudin-2 may be an attractive therapeutic target in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Oami
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba260-8670, Japan
| | - Shabnam Abtahi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Takashi Shimazui
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba260-8670, Japan
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Yan Y. Sweat
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Eileen M. Burd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Alton B. Farris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Joe T. Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37240
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo173-0003, Japan
| | - Mandy L. Ford
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
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8
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Arabi TZ, Fawzy NA, Sabbah BN, Ouban A. Claudins in genitourinary tract neoplasms: mechanisms, prognosis, and therapeutic prospects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1308082. [PMID: 38188015 PMCID: PMC10771851 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1308082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary (GU) cancers are among the most prevalent neoplasms in the world, with bladder cancers constituting 3% of global cancer diagnoses. However, several pathogenetic mechanisms remain controversial and unclear. Claudins, for example, have been shown to play a significant role in several cancers of the human body. Their role in GU cancers has not been extensively studied. Aberrant expression of claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, -7, and -11 has been expressed in urothelial cell carcinomas. In prostate cancers, altered levels of claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, and -5 have been reported. Furthermore, the levels of claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -8, and -10 have been studied in renal cell carcinomas. Specifically, claudins -7 and -8 have proven especially useful in differentiating between chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas. Several of these claudins also correlate with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis in GU cancers. Although mechanisms underpinning aberrant expression of claudins in GU cancers are unclear, epigenetic changes, tumor necrosis factor-ɑ, and the p63 protein have been implicated. Claudins also provide therapeutic value through tailored immunotherapy via molecular subtyping and providing therapeutic targets, which have shown positive outcomes in preclinical studies. In this review, we aim to summarize the literature describing aberrant expression of claudins in urothelial, prostatic, and renal cell carcinomas. Then, we describe the mechanisms underlying these changes and the therapeutic value of claudins. Understanding the scope of claudins in GU cancers paves the way for several diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abderrahman Ouban
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad R, Kumar B, Thapa I, Talmon GA, Salomon J, Ramer-Tait AE, Bastola DK, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Loss of claudin-3 expression increases colitis risk by promoting Gut Dysbiosis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2282789. [PMID: 38010872 PMCID: PMC10730149 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2282789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of both the gut barrier and microbiota (dysbiosis) promotes susceptibility to and severity of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Leaky gut and dysbiosis often coexist; however, potential interdependence and molecular regulation are not well understood. Robust expression of claudin-3 (CLDN3) characterizes the gut epithelium, and studies have demonstrated a positive association between CLDN3 expression and gut barrier maturity and integrity, including in response to probiotics. However, the exact status and causal role of CLDN3 in IBD and regulation of gut dysbiosis remain unknown. Analysis of mouse and human IBD cohorts helped examine CLDN3 expression in IBD. The causal role was determined by modeling CLDN3 loss of expression during experimental colitis. 16S sequencing and in silico analysis helped examine gut microbiota diversity between Cldn3KO and WT mice and potential host metabolic responses. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) studies were performed to assess the role of gut dysbiosis in the increased susceptibility of Cldn3KO mice to colitis. A significant decrease in CLDN3 expression characterized IBD and CLDN3 loss of expression promoted colitis. 16S sequencing analysis suggested gut microbiota changes in Cldn3KO mice that were capable of modulating fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress response. FMT from naïve Cldn3KO mice promoted colitis susceptibility in recipient germ-free mice (GFM) compared with GFM-receiving microbiota from WT mice. Our data demonstrate a critical role of CLDN3 in maintaining normal gut microbiota and inflammatory responses, which can be harnessed to develop novel therapeutic opportunities for patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jeffrey Salomon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology and the Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Dhundy K. Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
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10
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Ahmad R, Kumar B, Thapa I, Tamang RL, Yadav SK, Washington MK, Talmon GA, Yu AS, Bastola DK, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Claudin-2 protects against colitis-associated cancer by promoting colitis-associated mucosal healing. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170771. [PMID: 37815870 PMCID: PMC10688979 DOI: 10.1172/jci170771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Chronic inflammation promotes the risk for CAC. In contrast, mucosal healing predicts improved prognosis in IBD and reduced risk of CAC. However, the molecular integration among colitis, mucosal healing, and CAC remains poorly understood. Claudin-2 (CLDN2) expression is upregulated in IBD; however, its role in CAC is not known. The current study was undertaken to examine the role for CLDN2 in CAC. The AOM/DSS-induced CAC model was used with WT and CLDN2-modified mice. High-throughput expression analyses, murine models of colitis/recovery, chronic colitis, ex vivo crypt culture, and pharmacological manipulations were employed in order to increase our mechanistic understanding. The Cldn2KO mice showed significant inhibition of CAC despite severe colitis compared with WT littermates. Cldn2 loss also resulted in impaired recovery from colitis and increased injury when mice were subjected to intestinal injury by other methods. Mechanistic studies demonstrated a possibly novel role of CLDN2 in promotion of mucosal healing downstream of EGFR signaling and by regulation of Survivin expression. An upregulated CLDN2 expression protected from CAC and associated positively with crypt regeneration and Survivin expression in patients with IBD. We demonstrate a potentially novel role of CLDN2 in promotion of mucosal healing in patients with IBD and thus regulation of vulnerability to colitis severity and CAC, which can be exploited for improved clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Raju Lama Tamang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mary K. Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Alan S. Yu
- Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Dhundy K. Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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11
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Li S, Zhou X, Chen R, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Chen H. Effect of natural polysaccharides on alcoholic liver disease: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126317. [PMID: 37595705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically collected relevant literature in the past five years on the intervention of natural polysaccharides in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and reviewed the pharmacological activities and potential mechanisms of action. Natural polysaccharides are effective in preventing liver tissue degeneration, inhibiting the alcohol-induced expression of inflammatory factors, inactivation of antioxidant enzymes, and abnormal hepatic lipid deposition. Natural polysaccharides regulate the expression of proteins, such as tight junction proteins, production of small molecule metabolites, and balance of intestinal flora in the intestinal tract to alleviate ALD. Natural polysaccharides also exert therapeutic effects by modulating inflammatory, oxidative, lipid metabolism, and other pathways in the liver. Natural polysaccharides also inhibit alcohol-induced intestinal abnormalities by regulating intestinal flora and feeding back into the liver via the gut-liver axis. However, existing research on natural polysaccharides has many shortcomings: for example, most of the natural polysaccharides for testing are total polysaccharides or crude polysaccharides, progress in research on in vivo metabolic processes and mechanisms is slow, and the degree of industrialisation is insufficient. Finally, we discuss the difficulties in studying natural polysaccharides and future directions to provide a theoretical basis for their development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Ruhai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Qiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
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12
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Raya-Sandino A, Lozada-Soto KM, Rajagopal N, Garcia-Hernandez V, Luissint AC, Brazil JC, Cui G, Koval M, Parkos CA, Nangia S, Nusrat A. Claudin-23 reshapes epithelial tight junction architecture to regulate barrier function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6214. [PMID: 37798277 PMCID: PMC10556055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin family tight junction proteins form charge- and size-selective paracellular channels that regulate epithelial barrier function. In the gastrointestinal tract, barrier heterogeneity is attributed to differential claudin expression. Here, we show that claudin-23 (CLDN23) is enriched in luminal intestinal epithelial cells where it strengthens the epithelial barrier. Complementary approaches reveal that CLDN23 regulates paracellular ion and macromolecule permeability by associating with CLDN3 and CLDN4 and regulating their distribution in tight junctions. Computational modeling suggests that CLDN23 forms heteromeric and heterotypic complexes with CLDN3 and CLDN4 that have unique pore architecture and overall net charge. These computational simulation analyses further suggest that pore properties are interaction-dependent, since differently organized complexes with the same claudin stoichiometry form pores with unique architecture. Our findings provide insight into tight junction organization and propose a model whereby different claudins combine to form multiple distinct complexes that modify epithelial barrier function by altering tight junction structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Raya-Sandino
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Nandhini Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Anny-Claude Luissint
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer C Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guiying Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Koval
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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13
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Yadav SK, Ahmad R, Moshfegh CM, Sankarasubramanian J, Joshi V, Elkhatib SK, Chhonker YS, Murry DJ, Talmon GA, Guda C, Case AJ, Singh AB. Repeated Social Defeat Stress Induces an Inflammatory Gut Milieu by Altering the Mucosal Barrier Integrity and Gut Microbiota Homeostasis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:824-836. [PMID: 37881577 PMCID: PMC10593959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition triggered by exposure to traumatic events in an individual's life. Patients with PTSD are also at a higher risk for comorbidities. However, it is not well understood how PTSD affects human health and/or promotes the risk for comorbidities. Nevertheless, patients with PTSD harbor a proinflammatory milieu and dysbiotic gut microbiota. Gut barrier integrity helps to maintain normal gut homeostasis and its dysregulation promotes gut dysbiosis and inflammation. Methods We used a mouse model of repeated social defeat stress (RSDS), a preclinical model of PTSD. Behavioral studies, metagenomics analysis of the microbiome, gut permeability assay (on mouse colon, using an Ussing chamber), immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Polarized intestinal epithelial cells and 3-dimensional crypt cultures were used for mechanistic analysis. Results The RSDS mice harbor a heightened proinflammatory gut environment and microbiota dysbiosis. The RSDS mice further showed significant dysregulation of gut barrier functions, including transepithelial electrical resistance, mucin homeostasis, and antimicrobial responses. RSDS mice also showed a specific increase in intestinal expression of claudin-2, a tight junction protein, and epinephrine, a stress-induced neurotransmitter. Treating intestinal epithelial cells or 3-dimensional cultured crypts with norepinephrine or intestinal luminal contents (fecal contents) upregulated claudin-2 expression and inhibited transepithelial electrical resistance. Conclusions Traumatic stress induces dysregulation of gut barrier functions, which may underlie the observed gut microbiota changes and proinflammatory gut milieu, all of which may have an interdependent effect on the health and increased risk of comorbidities in patients with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Cassandra M. Moshfegh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Vineet Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Safwan K. Elkhatib
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Yashpal Singh Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Daryl J. Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Adam J. Case
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
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14
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Telgenhoff D. Claudin-2 in hyperproliferative migrating keratinocytes and migration inhibition via siRNA knockdown. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:723-731. [PMID: 37147871 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-2 is a tight junction protein found in various tissues including the epidermis of the skin. Intracellular signalling via claudin-2 may have an effect on cell proliferation and migration. While the role of claudin-2 in the epidermis has not been established, here we show an increase in claudin-2 expression in hyperproliferative archival skin samples. To further examine the role of claudin-2 in cell migration we examined its expression in cultured keratinocytes and found it was increased in wound margins in an in vitro scratch test assay. We then used a claudin-2 knockdown assay using small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) with a 77% transfection efficiency and decrease in claudin-2 protein via Western blot analysis to examine cell migration, which was inhibited following claudin-2 knockdown over a 5-day period. Cells transfected with claudin-2 siRNA also showed a decreased size compared to controls and a more diffuse staining pattern. Lastly we examined claudin-2 expression in migrating keratinocytes by Western blot analysis and found a significant decrease in protein staining in scratch-test assay cultures after 4 h, followed by a significant increase in claudin-2 protein after 24 h. Taken together these results indicate a role for claudin-2 signalling in proliferation and cell migration in the epidermis of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Telgenhoff
- Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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15
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Yang J, Li D, Zhang M, Lin G, Hu S, Xu H. From the updated landscape of the emerging biologics for IBDs treatment to the new delivery systems. J Control Release 2023; 361:568-591. [PMID: 37572962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) treatments have shifted from small-molecular therapeutics to the oncoming biologics. The first-line biologics against the moderate-to-severe IBDs are mainly involved in antibodies against integrins, cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. Besides, other biologics including growth factors, antioxidative enzyme, anti-inflammatory peptides, nucleic acids, stem cells and probiotics have also been explored at preclinical or clinical studies. Biologics with variety of origins have their unique potentials in attenuating immune inflammation or gut mucosa healing. Great advances in use of biologics for IBDs treatments have been archived in recent years. But delivering issues for biologic have also been confronted due to their liable nature. In this review, we will focus on biologics for IBDs treatments in the recent publications; summarize the current landscapes of biologics and their promise to control disease progress. Alternatively, the confronted challenges for delivering biologics will also be analyzed. To combat these drawbacks, some new delivering strategies are provided: firstly, designing the functional materials with high affinity toward biologics; secondly, the delivering vehicle systems to encapsulate the liable biologics; thirdly, the topical adhering delivery systems as enema. To our knowledge, this review is the first study to summarize the updated usage of the oncoming biologics for IBDs, their confronted challenges in term of delivery and the potential combating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Dingwei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Gaolong Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Sunkuan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
| | - Helin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China.
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16
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Nyimanu D, Behm C, Choudhury S, Yu ASL. The role of claudin-2 in kidney function and dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1437-1445. [PMID: 37387353 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-2 is a tight junction protein expressed in leaky epithelia where it forms paracellular pores permeable to cations and water. The paracellular pore formed by claudin-2 is important in energy-efficient cation and water transport in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. Mounting evidence now suggests that claudin-2 may modulate cellular processes often altered in disease, including cellular proliferation. Also, dysregulation of claudin-2 expression has been linked to various diseases, including kidney stone disease and renal cell carcinoma. However, the mechanisms linking altered claudin-2 expression and function to disease are poorly understood and require further investigation. The aim of this review is to discuss the current understanding of the role of claudin-2 in kidney function and dysfunction. We provide a general overview of the claudins and their organization in the tight junction, the expression, and function of claudin-2 in the kidney, and the evolving evidence for its role in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duuamene Nyimanu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Christine Behm
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Sonali Choudhury
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Alan S L Yu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
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17
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Chamignon C, Mallaret G, Rivière J, Vilotte M, Chadi S, de Moreno de LeBlanc A, LeBlanc JG, Carvalho FA, Pane M, Mousset PY, Langella P, Lafay S, Bermúdez-Humarán LG. Beneficial Effects of Lactobacilli Species on Intestinal Homeostasis in Low-Grade Inflammation and Stress Rodent Models and Their Implication in the Modulation of the Adhesive Junctional Complex. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1295. [PMID: 37759696 PMCID: PMC10527021 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier integrity is essential in order to maintain the homeostasis of mucosal functions and efficient defensive reactions against chemical and microbial challenges. An impairment of the intestinal barrier has been observed in several chronic diseases. The gut microbiota and its impact on intestinal homeostasis is well described and numerous studies suggest the ability of some probiotic strains to protect the intestinal epithelial integrity and host homeostasis. In this work, we aimed to assess the beneficial effects of three Lactobacillus strains (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR04, Lacticaseibacillus casei LC03, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CNCM I-4459) and their mechanism of action in low-grade inflammation or neonatal maternal separation models in mice. We compared the impact of these strains to that of the well-known probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. Our results demonstrated that the three strains have the potential to restore the barrier functions by (i) increasing mucus production, (ii) restoring normal permeability, and (iii) modulating colonic hypersensitivity. Moreover, gene expression analysis of junctional proteins revealed the implication of Claudin 2 and Cingulin in the mechanisms that underlie the interactions between the strains and the host. Taken together, our data suggest that LR04, CNCM I-4459, and LC03 restore the functions of an impaired intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Chamignon
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Micalis Institut, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (C.C.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (P.L.)
- INDIGO Therapeutics, 33000 Bordeaux, France (S.L.)
| | - Geoffroy Mallaret
- INSERM U1107 NeuroDol, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.M.); (F.A.C.)
| | - Julie Rivière
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Micalis Institut, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (C.C.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Marthe Vilotte
- INRAE, GABI, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
| | - Sead Chadi
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Micalis Institut, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (C.C.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (P.L.)
| | | | - Jean Guy LeBlanc
- CERELA-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000ILC, Tucumán, Argentina; (A.d.M.d.L.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Frédéric Antonio Carvalho
- INSERM U1107 NeuroDol, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.M.); (F.A.C.)
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical Research, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | | | - Philippe Langella
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Micalis Institut, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (C.C.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Sophie Lafay
- INDIGO Therapeutics, 33000 Bordeaux, France (S.L.)
| | - Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Micalis Institut, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (C.C.); (J.R.); (S.C.); (P.L.)
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18
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Chen J, Yao J. Th22 cells and the intestinal mucosal barrier. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221068. [PMID: 37646028 PMCID: PMC10461049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T-helper 22 (Th22) cells represent a novel subset of CD4+ T cells that exhibit distinctive characteristics, namely the secretion of IL-22 while abstaining from secreting IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). These cells serve as the primary source of IL-22, and both Th22 cells and IL-22 are believed to play a role in maintaining intestinal mucosal homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the precise functions of Th22 cells and IL-22 in this context remain a subject of debate. In this work, we aimed to elucidate their impact on the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier by presenting an overview of the molecular structure characteristics and functional effects of Th22 cells and IL-22. Furthermore, we would explore targeted treatment approaches and potential therapeutic strategies focusing on the Th22 and IL-22 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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19
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Wada H, Miyoshi J, Kuronuma S, Nishinarita Y, Oguri N, Hibi N, Takeuchi O, Akimoto Y, Lee STM, Matsuura M, Kobayashi T, Hibi T, Hisamatsu T. 5-Aminosalicylic acid alters the gut microbiota and altered microbiota transmitted vertically to offspring have protective effects against colitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12241. [PMID: 37507482 PMCID: PMC10382598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many therapeutic options are available for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is still the key medication, particularly for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanism of action of 5-ASA remains unclear. The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathophysiology of IBD, and we hypothesized that 5-ASA alters the intestinal microbiota, which promotes the anti-inflammatory effect of 5-ASA. Because intestinal inflammation affects the gut microbiota and 5-ASA can change the severity of inflammation, assessing the impact of inflammation and 5-ASA on the gut microbiota is not feasible in a clinical study of patients with UC. Therefore, we undertook a translational study to demonstrate a causal link between 5-ASA administration and alterations of the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, by rigorously controlling environmental confounders and excluding the effect of 5-ASA itself with a vertical transmission model, we observed that the gut microbiota altered by 5-ASA affected host mucosal immunity and decreased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induce colitis. Although the potential intergenerational transmission of epigenetic changes needs to be considered in this study, these findings suggested that alterations in the intestinal microbiota induced by 5-ASA directed the host immune system towards an anti-inflammatory state, which underlies the mechanism of 5-ASA efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Wada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kuronuma
- Department of Research, BioMedical Laboratory, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan
| | - Yuu Nishinarita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Noriaki Oguri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Noritaka Hibi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Research, BioMedical Laboratory, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Sonny T M Lee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 136 Ackert Hall, 1717 Claflin Rd, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.
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20
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Lama Tamang R, Kumar B, Patel SM, Thapa I, Ahmad A, Kumar V, Ahmad R, Becker DF, Bastola D(K, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase-2 Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Modulating Microtubule-Associated Serine/Threonine Kinase-like/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:1883. [PMID: 37508547 PMCID: PMC10377831 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant progress in clinical management, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths. A positive association between PYCR2 (pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase-2), a terminal enzyme of proline metabolism, and CRC aggressiveness was recently reported. However, how PYCR2 promotes colon carcinogenesis remains ill understood. METHODS A comprehensive analysis was performed using publicly available cancer databases and CRC patient cohorts. Proteomics and biochemical evaluations were performed along with genetic manipulations and in vivo tumor growth assays to gain a mechanistic understanding. RESULTS PYCR2 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC and associated with poor patient survival, specifically among PYCR isoforms (PYCR1, 2, and 3). The genetic inhibition of PYCR2 inhibited the tumorigenic abilities of CRC cells and in vivo tumor growth. Coinciding with these observations was a significant decrease in cellular proline content. PYCR2 overexpression promoted the tumorigenic abilities of CRC cells. Proteomics (LC-MS/MS) analysis further demonstrated that PYCR2 loss of expression in CRC cells inhibits survival and cell cycle pathways. A subsequent biochemical analysis supported the causal role of PYCR2 in regulating CRC cell survival and the cell cycle, potentially by regulating the expression of MASTL, a cell-cycle-regulating protein upregulated in CRC. Further studies revealed that PYCR2 regulates Wnt/β-catenin-signaling in manners dependent on the expression of MASTL and the cancer stem cell niche. CONCLUSIONS PYCR2 promotes MASTL/Wnt/β-catenin signaling that, in turn, promotes cancer stem cell populations and, thus, colon carcinogenesis. Taken together, our data highlight the significance of PYCR2 as a novel therapeutic target for effectively treating aggressive colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Lama Tamang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Sagar M. Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Alshomrani Ahmad
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Donald F. Becker
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Dundy (Kiran) Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105-1850, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-65870, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105-1850, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-65870, USA
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21
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Ahmad R, Kumar B, Tamang RL, Talmon GA, Dhawan P, Singh AB. P62/SQSTM1 binds with claudin-2 to target for selective autophagy in stressed intestinal epithelium. Commun Biol 2023; 6:740. [PMID: 37460613 PMCID: PMC10352296 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired autophagy promotes Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Claudin-2 is upregulated in IBD however its role in the pathobiology remains uncertain due to its complex regulation, including by autophagy. Irrespective, claudin-2 expression protects mice from DSS colitis. This study was undertaken to examine if an interplay between autophagy and claudin-2 protects from colitis and associated epithelial injury. Crypt culture and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are subjected to stress, including starvation or DSS, the chemical that induces colitis in-vivo. Autophagy flux, cell survival, co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, and gene mutational studies are performed. These studies reveal that under colitis/stress conditions, claudin-2 undergoes polyubiquitination and P62/SQSTM1-assisted degradation through autophagy. Inhibiting autophagy-mediated claudin-2 degradation promotes cell death and thus suggest that claudin-2 degradation promotes autophagy flux to promote cell survival. Overall, these data inform for the previously undescribed role for claudin-2 in facilitating IECs survival under stress conditions, which can be harnessed for therapeutic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Raju Lama Tamang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.
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22
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Rath T, Atreya R, Neurath MF. A spotlight on intestinal permeability and inflammatory bowel diseases. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:893-902. [PMID: 37606514 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2242772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intestinal barrier is a multi-faced structure lining the surface of the intestinal mucosa of the GI tract. To exert its main functions as a physical and immunological defense barrier, several components of the intestinal barrier act in a concerted and cooperative manner. AREAS COVERED Herein, we first introduce to the basic organization of the intestinal barrier and then summarize different methods to assess barrier function in and ex vivo. Finally, we provide an in-depth overview of the relevance of intestinal barrier dysfunction in inflammatory bowel diseases. EXPERT OPINION In parallel to a more fundamental understanding of the intestinal barrier as a key component for intestinal integrity is the notion that intestinal barrier defects are associated with a variety of diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent research has fueled and perpetuated the concept that barrier defects are critical components of disease development, disease behavior, and potentially also an area of therapeutic intervention in IBD patients. Although being far away from standard, new technologies can be used to easily assess barrier healing in IBD and to derive clinical consequences from these findings such as more accurate forecasting of future disease behavior or the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Immuntherapie DZI, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Han Z, Ge L, Wen S, Sun J. Dysfunction of the intestinal physical barrier in the intestinal inflammation of tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, induced by Shewanella algae infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108900. [PMID: 37315911 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial intestinal inflammation occurs frequently in cultured fish. However, research on the dysfunction of the intestinal physical barrier in fish intestinal inflammation is scarce. In this study, intestinal inflammation in tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis was induced by Shewanella algae and the intestinal permeability was investigated. Gene expression patterns in inflammatory factors, tight junction molecules, and keratins 8 and 18 in the intestines were further explored. Histological examinations of the middle intestines showed that S. algae induced pathological lesions of intestinal inflammation and significantly increased the total number of mucous cells (p < 0.01). Ultrastructural observation in the middle intestines showed that intercellular spaces between epithelial cells were significantly wider in infected fish compared with the control (p < 0.01). The positive result of fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of S. algae in the intestine. Enhanced Evans blue exudation and increased levels of serum d-lactate and intestinal fatty acid binding protein were suggestive of increased intestinal barrier permeability. The mRNA levels of four pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-6, IL-8, IL-β, and TNF-α, were significantly increased after S. algae infection at most tested time points (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), while there was an alternating increasing and decreasing trend in the gene expression patterns of IL-10, TGF-β, TLR-2, AP-1, and CASP-1. The mRNA expression of tight junction molecules (claudin-1, claudin-2, ZO-1, JAM-A, and MarvelD3) and keratins 8 and 18 in the intestines was significantly decreased at 6, 12, 24, 48, or 72 h post infection (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). In conclusion, S. algae infection induced intestinal inflammation accompanied by increased intestinal permeability in tongue sole, and tight junction molecules and keratins were probably associated with the pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Han
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Lunhua Ge
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Siyi Wen
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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24
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Wade H, Pan K, Duan Q, Kaluzny S, Pandey E, Fatumoju L, Saraswathi V, Wu R, Harris EN, Su Q. Akkermansia muciniphila and its membrane protein ameliorates intestinal inflammatory stress and promotes epithelial wound healing via CREBH and miR-143/145. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:38. [PMID: 37287024 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal epithelial barrier is the interface for interaction between gut microbiota and host metabolic systems. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is a key player in the colonic microbiota that resides in the mucus layer, whose abundance is selectively decreased in the faecal microbiota of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. This study aims to investigate the regulatory mechanism among A. muciniphila, a transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH), and microRNA-143/145 (miR-143/145) in intestinal inflammatory stress, gut barrier integrity and epithelial regeneration. METHODS A novel mouse model with increased colonization of A muciniphila in the intestine of CREBH knockout mice, an epithelial wound healing assay and several molecular biological techniques were applied in this study. Results were analysed using a homoscedastic 2-tailed t-test. RESULTS Increased colonization of A. muciniphila in mouse gut enhanced expression of intestinal CREBH, which was associated with the mitigation of intestinal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, gut barrier leakage and blood endotoxemia induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Genetic depletion of CREBH (CREBH-KO) significantly inhibited the expression of tight junction proteins that are associated with gut barrier integrity, including Claudin5 and Claudin8, but upregulated Claudin2, a tight junction protein that enhances gut permeability, resulting in intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation. Upregulation of CREBH by A. muciniphila further coupled with miR-143/145 promoted intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) regeneration and wound repair via insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGFBP5 signalling. Moreover, the gene expressing an outer membrane protein of A. muciniphila, Amuc_1100, was cloned into a mammalian cell-expression vector and successfully expressed in porcine and human IECs. Expression of Amuc_1100 in IECs could recapitulate the health beneficial effect of A. muciniphila on the gut by activating CREBH, inhibiting ER stress and enhancing the expression of genes involved in gut barrier integrity and IEC's regeneration. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers a novel mechanism that links A. muciniphila and its membrane protein with host CREBH, IGF signalling and miRNAs in mitigating intestinal inflammatory stress-gut barrier permeability and promoting intestinal wound healing. This novel finding may lend support to the development of therapeutic approaches for IBD by manipulating the interaction between host genes, gut bacteria and its bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Wade
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Kaichao Pan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Qihua Duan
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Szczepan Kaluzny
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Ekta Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Linda Fatumoju
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | | | - Rongxue Wu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Qiaozhu Su
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK.
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25
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Capaldo CT. Claudin Barriers on the Brink: How Conflicting Tissue and Cellular Priorities Drive IBD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8562. [PMID: 37239907 PMCID: PMC10218714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by acute or chronic recurring inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, often with increasing severity over time. Life-long morbidities and diminishing quality of life for IBD patients compel a search for a better understanding of the molecular contributors to disease progression. One unifying feature of IBDs is the failure of the gut to form an effective barrier, a core role for intercellular complexes called tight junctions. In this review, the claudin family of tight junction proteins are discussed as they are a fundamental component of intestinal barriers. Importantly, claudin expression and/or protein localization is altered in IBD, leading to the supposition that intestinal barrier dysfunction exacerbates immune hyperactivity and disease. Claudins are a large family of transmembrane structural proteins that constrain the passage of ions, water, or substances between cells. However, growing evidence suggests non-canonical claudin functions during mucosal homeostasis and healing after injury. Therefore, whether claudins participate in adaptive or pathological IBD responses remains an open question. By reviewing current studies, the possibility is assessed that with claudins, a jack-of-all-trades is master of none. Potentially, a robust claudin barrier and wound restitution involve conflicting biophysical phenomena, exposing barrier vulnerabilities and a tissue-wide frailty during healing in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Capaldo
- College of Natural and Computer Sciences, Hawai'i Pacific University, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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26
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Horowitz A, Chanez-Paredes SD, Haest X, Turner JR. Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3. [PMID: 37186118 PMCID: PMC10127193 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tight junctions define the paracellular permeability of the intestinal barrier. Molecules can cross the tight junctions via two distinct size-selective and charge-selective paracellular pathways: the pore pathway and the leak pathway. These can be distinguished by their selectivities and differential regulation by immune cells. However, permeability increases measured in most studies are secondary to epithelial damage, which allows non-selective flux via the unrestricted pathway. Restoration of increased unrestricted pathway permeability requires mucosal healing. By contrast, tight junction barrier loss can be reversed by targeted interventions. Specific approaches are needed to restore pore pathway or leak pathway permeability increases. Recent studies have used preclinical disease models to demonstrate the potential of pore pathway or leak pathway barrier restoration in disease. In this Review, we focus on the two paracellular flux pathways that are dependent on the tight junction. We discuss the latest evidence that highlights tight junction components, structures and regulatory mechanisms, their impact on gut health and disease, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Horowitz
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Sandra D Chanez-Paredes
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xenia Haest
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Lama Tamang R, Juritsch AF, Ahmad R, Salomon JD, Dhawan P, Ramer-Tait AE, Singh AB. The diet-microbiota axis: a key regulator of intestinal permeability in human health and disease. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2077069. [PMID: 35603609 PMCID: PMC10161950 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2077069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier orchestrates selective permeability to nutrients and metabolites while excluding noxious stimuli. Recent scientific advances establishing a causal role for the gut microbiota in human health outcomes have generated a resurgent interest toward intestinal permeability. Considering the well-established role of the gut barrier in protection against foreign antigens, there is mounting evidence for a causal link between gut permeability and the microbiome in regulating human health. However, an understanding of the dynamic host-microbiota interactions that govern intestinal barrier functions remains poorly defined. Furthermore, the system-level mechanisms by which microbiome-targeted therapies, such as probiotics and prebiotics, simultaneously promote intestinal barrier function and host health remain an area of active investigation. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the dynamics of intestinal permeability in human health and its integration with gut microbiota. We further summarize mechanisms by which probiotics/prebiotics influence the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Lama Tamang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Anthony F. Juritsch
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Salomon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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28
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He J, Hu L, Deng Q, Sun L, Zhao Y, Fang Z, Wang C, Zhao J. Carboxymethyl pachymaran attenuates short-term stress induced depressive behaviours and over-expression of occludin and claudin-2 in the blood–brain-barrier by regulating inflammatory cytokines- JNK/ERK/p38 pathway. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
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29
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Intestinal permeability, microbiota composition and expression of genes related to intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens fed different methionine sources supplemented at varying concentrations. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102656. [PMID: 37043958 PMCID: PMC10140141 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal health of broiler chickens is influenced by the concentration of dietary amino acids but data are limited on the role of dietary methionine (Met). Two experiments were conducted to investigate the implications of different Met sources for performance, gut barrier function, and intestinal microbiota in broilers. In the first experiment, Ross 308 off-sex birds (n = 900) were assigned to 10 dietary treatments each replicated 9 times in a 35-day study. Three sources of Met included DL-Met, L-Met, or Met hydroxy analog free acid (MHA-FA), each supplemented at suboptimal (SUB) at 80%, adequate (ADE) at 100% and over-requirement (OVR) at 120% of the specifications against a deficient (DEF) diet with no added Met. The second experiment used 96 Ross 308 broilers in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Four diets included 3 sources of Met supplemented at ADE level plus the DEF treatment. On d 17, 19, and 23, half of the birds in each dietary treatment were injected with dexamethasone (DEX) to induce leaky gut. In the first experiment, without an interaction, from d 0 to 35, birds fed DL-Met and L-Met performed similarly for BWG, feed intake, and FCR but birds fed MHA-FA had less feed intake and BWG (P < 0.05). At d 23, mRNA expression of selected tight junction proteins was not affected except for claudin 2. Ileal microbiota of DEF treatment was different from DL-MET or L-MET supplemented birds (P < 0.05). However, microbiota of MHA-FA treatments was only different at OVR from the DEF group. The abundance of Peptostreptococcus increased in DEF treatment whereas Lactobacillus decreased. In the second experiment, DEX independently increased (P < 0.001) intestinal permeability assayed by fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, but diet had no effect. DL-Met and L-Met fed birds had a higher level of claudin 3 only in DEX-injected birds (P < 0.05). In conclusion, unlike the level of supplementation, DL-Met, L-Met, and MHA-FA were largely similar in their limited impacts on intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota in broilers.
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30
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Livanova AA, Fedorova AA, Zavirsky AV, Krivoi II, Markov AG. Dose- and Segment-Dependent Disturbance of Rat Gut by Ionizing Radiation: Impact of Tight Junction Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021753. [PMID: 36675266 PMCID: PMC9863103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The damaging effect of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure results in the disturbance of the gut natural barrier, followed by the development of severe gastrointestinal injury. However, the dose and application segment are known to determine the effects of IR. In this study, we demonstrated the dose- and segment-specificity of tight junction (TJ) alteration in IR-induced gastrointestinal injury in rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to a total-body X-ray irradiation at doses of 2 or 10 Gy. Isolated jejunum and colon segments were tested in an Ussing chamber 72 h after exposure. In the jejunum, 10-Gy IR dramatically altered transepithelial resistance, short-circuit current and permeability for sodium fluorescein. These changes were accompanied by severe disturbance of histological structure and total rearrangement of TJ content (increased content of claudin-1, -2, -3 and -4; multidirectional changes in tricellulin and occludin). In the colon of 10-Gy irradiated rats, lesions of barrier and transport functions were less pronounced, with only claudin-2 and -4 altered among TJ proteins. The 2-Gy IR did not change electrophysiological characteristics or permeability in the colon or jejunum, although slight alterations in jejunum histology were noted, emphasized with claudin-3 increase. Considering that TJ proteins are critical for maintaining epithelial barrier integrity, these findings may have implications for countermeasures in gastrointestinal acute radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A. Livanova
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arina A. Fedorova
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Zavirsky
- Department of Military Toxicology and Radiation Defense, S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, 194044 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor I. Krivoi
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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31
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Isosteviol attenuates DSS-induced colitis by maintaining intestinal barrier function through PDK1/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109532. [PMID: 36508925 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic debilitating inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that is characterized by intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and excessive activation of the mucosal immune system. Isosteviol (IS) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate effects and mechanisms of IS against intestinal inflammation. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into Sham, IS, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and DSS + IS groups. In vivo colitis model was established using 3.0 % DSS. In vitro, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-treated Caco-2 cells were used as an inflammatory model. Clinical characteristics, histological performance, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and intestinal barrier function were measured. In addition, activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1/protein kinase B/nuclear factor-κB (PDK1/AKT/NF-κB) signaling pathway was determined by western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that IS mitigated DSS-induced colitis by reducing body weight loss, colonic shortening, and disease activity index score, and by inhibiting expressions of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. IS restored impaired barrier function by regulating tight junctions and intestinal epithelial permeability. Furthermore, we found that IS ameliorated intestinal barrier injury by regulating PDK1/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that IS attenuates experimental colitis by preserving intestinal barrier function, probably mediated by PDK1/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings highlight the potential of IS as a therapeutic agent for IBD.
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Wu F, Wuri G, Fang B, Shi M, Zhang M, Zhao L. Alleviative mechanism and effect of Bifidobacterium animalisA6 on dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:892-902. [PMID: 36789079 PMCID: PMC9922152 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been increasingly investigated for their role in alleviating symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC), but the specific mechanism involved remains unclear. We investigated the alleviating effect of Bifidobacterium animalis A6 (BAA6) in UC through a mouse dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model. When treated with a high dose of BAA6 (1 × 1010 cfu/ml), it was found that colitis symptoms were significantly alleviated, and mucosal damages experienced obvious relief. Moreover, a high dose of BAA6 effectively upregulated free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 (FFAR2 and FFAR3) expression and butyric acid metabolism specifically. Furthermore, the supplement of BAA6 significantly suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (interleukin-13) and the expression of pore-forming protein claudin-2. The upstream regulatory genes of claudin-2, such as STAT6, GATA4, Cdx2, were also significantly inhibited by BAA6. Collectively, this study concludes that BAA6 attenuated DSS-induced colitis by increasing the levels of intestinal butyric acid, activating the butyric acid-FFAR pathway, suppressing excessive proinflammatory response, and protecting the function of the colon epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- School of Food and HealthBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Guna Wuri
- School of Food and HealthBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bing Fang
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing)College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and SafetyCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mengxuan Shi
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing)College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and SafetyCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and HealthBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liang Zhao
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing)College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Functional DairyCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Bao X, Wu J. Egg White Protein Ovotransferrin-Derived IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) Inhibits LPS-Induced Barrier Integrity Dysfunction and Inflammation in Caco-2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14170-14178. [PMID: 36317732 PMCID: PMC9650714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tripeptide IRW derived from egg ovotransferrin was initially identified to be an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Later, IRW has been shown to possess various bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory activity and the ability to suppress colitis development. Nevertheless, its role in protecting intestinal barrier integrity has not been reported. This study aims to investigate the effect of IRW on inhibiting intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated Caco-2 cells. Pretreatment with IRW could mitigate the LPS-induced reduction of transepithelial electronic resistance values and decrease the paracellular permeation of differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers. Meanwhile, IRW restored the expression level and cell surface distribution of the tight junction protein occludin. Furthermore, IRW showed LPS-neutralizing activity and could significantly inhibit LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the ability of IRW to prevent LPS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and prohibit inflammatory responses.
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34
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Farnesoid X receptor activation by the novel agonist TC-100 (3α, 7α, 11β-Trihydroxy-6α-ethyl-5β-cholan-24-oic Acid) preserves the intestinal barrier integrity and promotes intestinal microbial reshaping in a mouse model of obstructed bile acid flow. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Villablanca EJ, Selin K, Hedin CRH. Mechanisms of mucosal healing: treating inflammatory bowel disease without immunosuppression? NATURE REVIEWS. GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY 2022. [PMID: 35440774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Almost all currently available treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) act by inhibiting inflammation, often blocking specific inflammatory molecules. However, given the infectious and neoplastic disease burden associated with chronic immunosuppressive therapy, the goal of attaining mucosal healing without immunosuppression is attractive. The absence of treatments that directly promote mucosal healing and regeneration in IBD could be linked to the lack of understanding of the underlying pathways. The range of potential strategies to achieve mucosal healing is diverse. However, the targeting of regenerative mechanisms has not yet been achieved for IBD. Stem cells provide hope as a regenerative treatment and are used in limited clinical situations. Growth factors are available for the treatment of short bowel syndrome but have not yet been applied in IBD. The therapeutic application of organoid culture and stem cell therapy to generate new intestinal tissue could provide a novel mechanism to restore barrier function in IBD. Furthermore, blocking key effectors of barrier dysfunction (such as MLCK or damage-associated molecular pattern molecules) has shown promise in experimental IBD. Here, we review the diversity of molecular targets available to directly promote mucosal healing, experimental models to identify new potential pathways and some of the anticipated potential therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Villablanca
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Katja Selin
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte R H Hedin
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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36
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Villablanca EJ, Selin K, Hedin CRH. Mechanisms of mucosal healing: treating inflammatory bowel disease without immunosuppression? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:493-507. [PMID: 35440774 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Almost all currently available treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) act by inhibiting inflammation, often blocking specific inflammatory molecules. However, given the infectious and neoplastic disease burden associated with chronic immunosuppressive therapy, the goal of attaining mucosal healing without immunosuppression is attractive. The absence of treatments that directly promote mucosal healing and regeneration in IBD could be linked to the lack of understanding of the underlying pathways. The range of potential strategies to achieve mucosal healing is diverse. However, the targeting of regenerative mechanisms has not yet been achieved for IBD. Stem cells provide hope as a regenerative treatment and are used in limited clinical situations. Growth factors are available for the treatment of short bowel syndrome but have not yet been applied in IBD. The therapeutic application of organoid culture and stem cell therapy to generate new intestinal tissue could provide a novel mechanism to restore barrier function in IBD. Furthermore, blocking key effectors of barrier dysfunction (such as MLCK or damage-associated molecular pattern molecules) has shown promise in experimental IBD. Here, we review the diversity of molecular targets available to directly promote mucosal healing, experimental models to identify new potential pathways and some of the anticipated potential therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Villablanca
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Katja Selin
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte R H Hedin
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Aggarwal H, Pathak P, Gupta SK, Kumar Y, Jagavelu K, Dikshit M. Serum and cecal metabolic profile of the insulin resistant and dyslipidemic p47 phox knockout mice. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:483-497. [PMID: 36251883 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2133705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of NOX-dependent oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders as well as in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis has been demonstrated previously. In the present study, the metabolic profile in p47phox-/- and WT mice fed on a chow diet was evaluated to assess the role of metabolites in glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia under altered oxidative stress conditions. p47phox-/- mice displayed glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, and altered energy homeostasis without any significant change in gluconeogenesis. The expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis and uptake was enhanced in the liver, adipose tissue, and intestine tissues. Similarly, the expression of genes associated with lipid efflux in the liver and intestine was also enhanced. Enhanced gut permeability, inflammation, and shortening of the gut was evident in p47phox-/- mice. Circulating levels of pyrimidines, phosphatidylglycerol lipids, and 3-methyl-2-oxindole were augmented, while level of purine was reduced in the serum. Moreover, the cecal metabolome was also altered, as was evident with the increase in indole-3-acetamide, N-acetyl galactosamine, glycocholate, and a decrease in hippurate, indoxyl sulfate, and indigestible sugars (raffinose and melezitose). Treatment of p47phox-/- mice with pioglitazone, marginally improved glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, with an increase in PUFAs (linoleate, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid). Overall, the results obtained in p47phox-/- mice indicate an association of IR and dyslipidemia with altered serum and cecal metabolites (both host and bacterial-derived), implying a critical role of NOX-derived ROS in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hobby Aggarwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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Ye Z, Zhu Y, Tang N, Zhao X, Jiang J, Ma J, Zhang H. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 attenuates DSS-induced intestinal colitis by improving intestinal mucosal barrier function. Mol Med 2022; 28:59. [PMID: 35659178 PMCID: PMC9164421 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Cholinergic output, which could modulate innate immune responses through stimulation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), might be a target to minimize tissue damage in autoimmune disease. GTS-21, a selective α7nAChR agonist, has previously demonstrated to inhibit synovium inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we investigated the effect of GTS-21 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model and its potential mechanism. Methods Male BABL/c mice (n = 32) were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, DSS-induced colitis group, GTS-21 treatment with or without α7nAChR antagonist α-BGT treatment group. Disease activity index (DAI), histological activity index (HAI) and colonic macroscopic damage were evaluated. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran assay was applied to measure intestinal permeability. The expressions of tight junction (TJ) proteins and NF-κB associated proteins were detected by Western blot. Results GTS-21 could decrease DAI scores, HAI scores, intestinal permeability and reduce the intestinal bacterial translocation in DSS-induced colitis group, whereas α7nAChR antagonist α-BGT could impair this protective influence. The expressions of TJ proteins were increased with administration of GTS-21 both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, GTS-21 also inhibited the NF-қB activation in intestinal epithelial cells and colitis model, while α-BGT reversed the inhibitory effect. Conclusion The α7nAChR agonist GTS-21 attenuated DSS-induced colitis through increasing expressions of TJ proteins in colon tissues and improved intestinal barrier function, which might be due to modulating NF-қB activation in intestinal epithelial cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00485-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjuan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Ganyu District People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyue Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Droessler L, Cornelius V, Boehm E, Stein L, Brunner N, Amasheh S. Barrier Perturbation in Porcine Peyer’s Patches by Tumor Necrosis Factor is Associated With a Dysregulation of Claudins. Front Physiol 2022; 13:889552. [PMID: 35707009 PMCID: PMC9189282 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.889552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been described as one of the main mediators of intestinal inflammatory diseases, affecting the composition of tight junction (TJ) proteins and leading to a disruption of the epithelial barrier. An intact intestinal barrier is mandatory, because the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer’s patches represents the first defense line of the intestinal immune system and ensures a controlled uptake of antigens from the gut lumen. In the current study, we have analyzed the detailed effects of TNF on the follicle-associated epithelium of porcine Peyer’s patches by applying the Ussing chamber technique. Epithelial tissue specimens of Peyer’s patches and the surrounding villus epithelium were mounted into conventional Ussing chambers and incubated with TNF for 10 h. The transepithelial resistance, representing epithelial barrier function of the tissue, was recorded. A reduction of transepithelial resistance was detected after 8 h in Peyer’s patch tissue specimens, whereas the villus epithelium was not significantly affected by TNF. Subsequent molecular analysis of TJ protein expression revealed a marked decrease of claudin-1 and -4, and an increase of claudin-2. In neighboring villus epithelium, no significant changes in the expression of TJ proteins could be shown. A strong increase of TNF receptor-2 (TNFR-2) could also be detected in Peyer’s patches, in agreement with the major role of this receptor in Peyer’s patches. Our findings were in accordance with changes detected by confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy. The regulation of TNF effects via myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) was analyzed in blocking experiments. Our detailed analysis is the first to show that TNF affects the barrier function of the follicle-associated epithelium of porcine Peyer’s patches but has no effects on the villus epithelium. These findings reveal not only the basic differences of epithelial barrier function between the two structures, but also the significance of Peyer’s patches as a primary mucosal immune defense.
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Weiß F, Czichos C, Knobe L, Voges L, Bojarski C, Michel G, Fromm M, Krug SM. MarvelD3 Is Upregulated in Ulcerative Colitis and Has Attenuating Effects during Colitis Indirectly Stabilizing the Intestinal Barrier. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091541. [PMID: 35563847 PMCID: PMC9102383 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the impaired intestinal barrier is mainly characterized by changes in tight junction protein expression. The functional role of the tight junction-associated MARVEL protein MARVELD3 (MD3) in IBD is yet unknown. (i) In colon biopsies from IBD patients we analyzed MD3 expression and (ii) in human colon HT-29/B6 cells we studied the signaling pathways of different IBD-relevant cytokines. (iii) We generated a mouse model with intestinal overexpression of MD3 and investigated functional effects of MD3 upregulation. Colitis, graded by the disease activity index, was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and the intestinal barrier was characterized electrophysiologically. MD3 was upregulated in human ulcerative colitis and MD3 expression could be increased in HT-29/B6 cells by IL-13 via the IL13Rα1/STAT pathway. In mice DSS colitis, MD3 overexpression had an ameliorating, protective effect. It was not based on direct enhancement of paracellular barrier properties, but rather on regulatory mechanisms not solved yet in detail. However, as MD3 is involved in regulatory functions such as proliferation and cell survival, we conclude that the protective effects are hardly targeting the intestinal barrier directly but are based on regulatory processes supporting stabilization of the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Weiß
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (F.W.); (C.C.); (L.K.); (L.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Carolina Czichos
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (F.W.); (C.C.); (L.K.); (L.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Lukas Knobe
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (F.W.); (C.C.); (L.K.); (L.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Lena Voges
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (F.W.); (C.C.); (L.K.); (L.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Christian Bojarski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Geert Michel
- Transgenic Technologies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Michael Fromm
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (F.W.); (C.C.); (L.K.); (L.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Susanne M. Krug
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (F.W.); (C.C.); (L.K.); (L.V.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Ngo PA, Neurath MF, López-Posadas R. Impact of Epithelial Cell Shedding on Intestinal Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084160. [PMID: 35456978 PMCID: PMC9027054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier acts as a first line of defense in the body, and plays a vital role in nutrition and immunoregulation. A layer of epithelial cells bound together via intercellular junction proteins maintains intestinal barrier integrity. Based on a tight equilibrium between cell extrusion and cell restitution, the renewal of the epithelium (epithelial turnover) permits the preservation of cell numbers. As the last step within the epithelial turnover, cell shedding occurs due to the pressure of cell division and migration from the base of the crypt. During this process, redistribution of tight junction proteins enables the sealing of the epithelial gap left by the extruded cell, and thereby maintains barrier function. Disturbance in cell shedding can create transient gaps (leaky gut) or cell accumulation in the epithelial layer. In fact, numerous studies have described the association between dysregulated cell shedding and infection, inflammation, and cancer; thus epithelial cell extrusion is considered a key defense mechanism. In the gastrointestinal tract, altered cell shedding has been observed in mouse models of intestinal inflammation and appears as a potential cause of barrier loss in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the relevance of this process, there are many unanswered questions regarding cell shedding. The investigation of those mechanisms controlling cell extrusion in the gut will definitely contribute to our understanding of intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about intestinal cell shedding under both physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong A. Ngo
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Laudisi F, Stolfi C, Bevivino G, Maresca C, Franzè E, Troncone E, Lolli E, Marafini I, Pietrucci D, Teofani A, Di Grazia A, Di Fusco D, Colantoni A, Ortenzi A, Desideri A, Monteleone I, Monteleone G. GATA6 Deficiency Leads to Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Enhances Susceptibility to Gut Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:301-311. [PMID: 34374415 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], but the mechanisms that lead to such a defect are not fully understood. This study was aimed at characterising the factors involved in the defective barrier function in IBD. METHODS Transcriptome analysis was performed on colon samples taken from healthy controls [CTR] and IBD patients. Expression of GATA-binding factor 6 [GATA6], a transcription factor involved in intestinal epithelial cell differentiation, was evaluated in colon samples taken from CTR and IBD patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and immunohistochemistry. Intestinal sections of wild-type and Gata6del mice, which exhibit a conditional Gata6 deletion in intestinal epithelial cells and which are either left untreated or receive subcutaneous indomethacin or rectal trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid, were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In parallel, some Gata6del mice received antibiotics to deplete intestinal flora. Mucosal inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine production were evaluated by flow cytometry and real-time PCR, respectively, and tight junction proteins were examined by immunofluorescence. Intestinal barrier integrity was assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]-dextran assay. RESULTS Multiple genes involved in cell commitment/proliferation and wound healing were differentially expressed in IBD compared with CTR. Among these, GATA6 was significantly decreased in the IBD epithelium compared with CTR. In mice, conditional deletion of GATA6 in the intestinal epithelium induced primarily epithelial damage, diminished zonula occludens-1 expression, and enhanced intestinal permeability, ultimately resulting in bacteria-driven local immune response and enhanced susceptibility to gut inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Reduced expression of GATA6 promotes intestinal barrier dysfunction, thus amplifying intestinal inflammatory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Laudisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Bevivino
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Maresca
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Franzè
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Troncone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lolli
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Marafini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pietrucci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Adelaide Teofani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Grazia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Di Fusco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Colantoni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Ortenzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Monteleone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Gut Microbial Metabolite-Mediated Regulation of the Intestinal Barrier in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124259. [PMID: 34959809 PMCID: PMC8704337 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The disease has a multifactorial aetiology, involving genetic, microbial as well as environmental factors. The disease pathogenesis operates at the host-microbe interface in the gut. The intestinal epithelium plays a central role in IBD disease pathogenesis. Apart from being a physical barrier, the epithelium acts as a node that integrates environmental, dietary, and microbial cues to calibrate host immune response and maintain homeostasis in the gut. IBD patients display microbial dysbiosis in the gut, combined with an increased barrier permeability that contributes to disease pathogenesis. Metabolites produced by microbes in the gut are dynamic indicators of diet, host, and microbial interplay in the gut. Microbial metabolites are actively absorbed or diffused across the intestinal lining to affect the host response in the intestine as well as at systemic sites via the engagement of cognate receptors. In this review, we summarize insights from metabolomics studies, uncovering the dynamic changes in gut metabolite profiles in IBD and their importance as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. We focus on gut microbial metabolites as key regulators of the intestinal barrier and their role in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Burkard N, Meir M, Kannapin F, Otto C, Petzke M, Germer CT, Waschke J, Schlegel N. Desmoglein2 Regulates Claudin2 Expression by Sequestering PI-3-Kinase in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:756321. [PMID: 34659262 PMCID: PMC8514949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-induced reduction of intestinal desmosomal cadherin Desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) is linked to changes of tight junctions (TJ) leading to impaired intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) function by undefined mechanisms. We characterized the interplay between loss of Dsg2 and upregulation of pore-forming TJ protein Claudin2. Intraperitoneal application of Dsg2-stablising Tandem peptide (TP) attenuated impaired IEB function, reduction of Dsg2 and increased Claudin2 in DSS-induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice. TP blocked loss of Dsg2-mediated adhesion and upregulation of Claudin2 in Caco2 cells challenged with TNFα. In Dsg2-deficient Caco2 cells basal expression of Claudin2 was increased which was paralleled by reduced transepithelial electrical resistance and by augmented phosphorylation of AKTSer473 under basal conditions. Inhibition of phosphoinositid-3-kinase proved that PI-3-kinase/AKT-signaling is critical to upregulate Claudin2. In immunostaining PI-3-kinase dissociated from Dsg2 under inflammatory conditions. Immunoprecipitations and proximity ligation assays confirmed a direct interaction of Dsg2 and PI-3-kinase which was abrogated following TNFα application. In summary, Dsg2 regulates Claudin2 expression by sequestering PI-3-kinase to the cell borders in intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burkard
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Meir
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Kannapin
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Petzke
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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45
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Pham HHS, Matsubayashi M, Tsuji N, Hatabu T. Relationship between Eimeria tenella associated-early clinical signs and molecular changes in the intestinal barrier function. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 240:110321. [PMID: 34520968 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The major clinical signs of coccidiosis in chickens due to Eimeria parasite are diarrhea and bloody feces. Previous studies showed that the impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier and the elevation of the intestinal permeability are causes of clinical signs associated with coccidia challenges. Nevertheless, the information about molecular changes of the epithelial barrier at the early stage of the infection with a specific Eimeria species has not been mentioned. Hence, this study aims to elucidate the temporal relationships between epithelial barrier conditions and clinical signs in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella over the time from the earliest stages of infection. White Leghorn chickens were inoculated with 1 × 104 oocysts of E. tenella. Thereafter the chickens were monitored for their daily clinical signs through observation, and between 5 dpi to 10 dpi, feces were collected for oocysts counting. Chickens were then administrated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) for gastrointestinal permeability test and tissues were collected each day for histopathological observation and total RNA extraction. Finally, the mRNA expression levels of the tight and adherens junction genes and cytokine genes were evaluated using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In this study, clinical signs such as diarrhea and bloody feces were observed concurrently from 3 to 8 dpi. Histopathology changes such as severe inflammation, hemorrhage, and epithelial desquamation were identified in the cecum specimens. The FITC-d level in the E. tenella-infected group was significantly higher than in the control group. In the infected group, the expression of claudin-2 gene was also upregulated, whereas the expressions of claudin-3 and E-cadherin genes were decreased as compared to the control group. These results implied that clinical signs of avian coccidiosis were associated with the intestinal barrier disruption via changes in expression levels of claudins and E-cadherin at the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Hoang Son Pham
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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46
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Marchelletta RR, Krishnan M, Spalinger MR, Placone TW, Alvarez R, Sayoc-Becerra A, Canale V, Shawki A, Park YS, Bernts LH, Myers S, Tremblay ML, Barrett KE, Krystofiak E, Kachar B, McGovern DP, Weber CR, Hanson EM, Eckmann L, McCole DF. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase protects intestinal barrier function by restricting epithelial tight junction remodeling. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:138230. [PMID: 34623320 DOI: 10.1172/jci138230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies revealed that loss-of-function mutations in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) increase the risk of developing chronic immune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease. These conditions are associated with increased intestinal permeability as an early etiological event. The aim of this study was to examine the consequences of deficient activity of the PTPN2 gene product, T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), on intestinal barrier function and tight junction organization in vivo and in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that TCPTP protected against intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by the inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ by 2 mechanisms: it maintained localization of zonula occludens 1 and occludin at apical tight junctions and restricted both expression and insertion of the cation pore-forming transmembrane protein, claudin-2, at tight junctions through upregulation of the inhibitory cysteine protease, matriptase. We also confirmed that the loss-of-function PTPN2 rs1893217 SNP was associated with increased intestinal claudin-2 expression in patients with IBD. Moreover, elevated claudin-2 levels and paracellular electrolyte flux in TCPTP-deficient intestinal epithelial cells were normalized by recombinant matriptase. Our findings uncover distinct and critical roles for epithelial TCPTP in preserving intestinal barrier integrity, thereby proposing a mechanism by which PTPN2 mutations contribute to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Marchelletta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Moorthy Krishnan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Taylaur W Placone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rocio Alvarez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Young Su Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lucas Hp Bernts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephen Myers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kim E Barrett
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bechara Kachar
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dermot Pb McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Elaine M Hanson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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47
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Salaga M, Bartoszek A, Binienda A, Krajewska JB, Fabisiak A, Mosińska P, Dziedziczak K, Niewinna K, Talar M, Tarasiuk A, Kordek R, Fichna J. Activation of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 Affects Intestinal Inflammation and Improves Colon Permeability in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082716. [PMID: 34444876 PMCID: PMC8399282 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is considered an important trigger in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), as feeding habits can affect intestinal permeability and clearance of bacterial antigens, consequently influencing the immune system. Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), expressed on the intestinal epithelial cells, belong to the family of luminal-facing receptors that are responsive to nutrients. The objective of this study was to characterize the anti-inflammatory activity and the effect on intestinal barrier function of synthetic FFAR agonists in mouse models of colitis. Therapeutic activity of GW9508 (FFAR1 agonist), 4-CMTB (FFAR2 agonist), AR420626 (FFAR3 agonist), and GSK137647 (FFAR4 agonist) was investigated in two models of semi-chronic colitis: induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), mimicking Crohn's disease, as well as induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), which recapitulates ulcerative colitis in humans. Moreover, we assessed the influence of FFARs agonists on epithelial ion transport and measured the ion flow stimulated by forskolin and veratridine. Administration of FFAR4 agonist GSK137647 attenuated both TNBS-induced and DSS-induced colitis in mice, as indicated by macroscopic parameters and myeloperoxidase activity. The action of FFAR4 agonist GSK137647 was significantly blocked by pretreatment with selective FFAR4 antagonist AH7614. Moreover, FFAR1 and FFAR4 agonists reversed the increase in the colon permeability caused by inflammation. FFAR4 restored the tight junction genes expression in mouse colon. This is the first evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of selective FFAR agonists, showing that pharmacological intervention targeting FFAR4, which is a sensor of medium and long chain fatty acids, attenuates intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Salaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Adrian Bartoszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Agata Binienda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Julia B. Krajewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Adam Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paula Mosińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Katarzyna Dziedziczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Karolina Niewinna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Marcin Talar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Aleksandra Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (J.B.K.); (A.F.); (P.M.); (K.D.); (K.N.); (M.T.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-57-07; Fax: +48-42-272-56-94
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48
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Bioactive Compounds in Food as a Current Therapeutic Approach to Maintain a Healthy Intestinal Epithelium. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081634. [PMID: 34442713 PMCID: PMC8401766 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium serves as an effective barrier against the external environment, hampering the passage of potentially harmful substances (such as pathogenic microbes) that could trigger an exacerbated host immune response. The integrity of this barrier is thus essential for the maintenance of proper intestinal homeostasis and efficient protective reactions against chemical and microbial challenges. The principal consequence of intestinal barrier defects is an increase in intestinal permeability, which leads to an increased influx of luminal stressors, such as pathogens, toxins, and allergens, which in turn trigger inflammation and immune response. The fine and fragile balance of intestinal homeostasis can be altered by multiple factors that regulate barrier function, many of which are poorly understood. This review will address the role of gut microbiota as well as food supplements (such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics) in modulating gut health and regulating intestinal barrier function. In particular, we will focus on three human pathologies: inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and food allergy.
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49
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Li J. Context-Dependent Roles of Claudins in Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676781. [PMID: 34354941 PMCID: PMC8329526 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The barrier and fence functions of the claudin protein family are fundamental to tissue integrity and human health. Increasing evidence has linked claudins to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. The expression of claudins is frequently dysregulated in the context of neoplastic transformation. Studies have uncovered that claudins engage in nearly all aspects of tumor biology and steps of tumor development, suggesting their promise as targets for treatment or biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. However, claudins can be either tumor promoters or tumor suppressors depending on the context, which emphasizes the importance of taking various factors, including organ type, environmental context and genetic confounders, into account when studying the biological functions and targeting of claudins in cancer. This review discusses the complicated roles and intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of the context-specific effects of claudins in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
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50
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Kumar B, Ahmad R, Sharma S, Gowrikumar S, Primeaux M, Rana S, Natarajan A, Oupicky D, Hopkins CR, Dhawan P, Singh AB. PIK3C3 Inhibition Promotes Sensitivity to Colon Cancer Therapy by Inhibiting Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092168. [PMID: 33946505 PMCID: PMC8124755 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a heterogeneous population of tumor cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) where CSCs are postulated to resist the chemotherapy, and support cancer malignancy. Eliminating CSC can therefore improve CRC therapy and patient survival; however, such strategies have not yielded the desired outcome. Inhibiting autophagy has shown promise in suppressing therapy resistance; however, current autophagy inhibitors have failed in the clinical trials. In the current study, we provided data supporting the efficacy of 36-077, a potent inhibitor of PIK3C3/VPS34, in inhibiting autophagy to kill the CSC to promote the efficacy of colon cancer therapy. Abstract Background: Despite recent advances in therapies, resistance to chemotherapy remains a critical problem in the clinical management of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a central role in therapy resistance. Thus, elimination of CSCs is crucial for effective CRC therapy; however, such strategies are limited. Autophagy promotes resistance to cancer therapy; however, whether autophagy protects CSCs to promote resistance to CRC-therapy is not well understood. Moreover, specific and potent autophagy inhibitors are warranted as clinical trials with hydroxychloroquine have not been successful. Methods: Colon cancer cells and tumoroids were used. Fluorescent reporter-based analysis of autophagy flux, spheroid and side population (SP) culture, and qPCR were done. We synthesized 36-077, a potent inhibitor of PIK3C3/VPS34 kinase, to inhibit autophagy. Combination treatments were done using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 36-077. Results: The 5-FU treatment induced autophagy only in a subset of the treated colon cancer. These autophagy-enriched cells also showed increased expression of CSC markers. Co-treatment with 36-077 significantly improved efficacy of the 5-FU treatment. Mechanistic studies revealed that combination therapy inhibited GSK-3β/Wnt/β-catenin signaling to inhibit CSC population. Conclusion: Autophagy promotes resistance to CRC-therapy by specifically promoting GSK-3β/Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote CSC survival, and 36-077, a PIK3C3/VPS34 inhibitor, helps promote efficacy of CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA; (B.K.); (R.A.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA; (B.K.); (R.A.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Swagat Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA; (S.S.); (D.O.); (C.R.H.)
| | - Saiprasad Gowrikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA; (B.K.); (R.A.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Mark Primeaux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA; (B.K.); (R.A.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA; (S.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA; (S.R.); (A.N.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - David Oupicky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA; (S.S.); (D.O.); (C.R.H.)
| | - Corey R. Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA; (S.S.); (D.O.); (C.R.H.)
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA; (B.K.); (R.A.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105-1850, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA; (B.K.); (R.A.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105-1850, USA
- Correspondence:
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