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Geraci F, Passiatore R, Penzel N, Laudani S, Bertolino A, Blasi G, Graziano ACE, Kikidis GC, Mazza C, Parihar M, Rampino A, Sportelli L, Trevisan N, Drago F, Papaleo F, Sambataro F, Pergola G, Leggio GM. Sex dimorphism controls dysbindin-related cognitive dysfunctions in mice and humans with the contribution of COMT. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02527-3. [PMID: 38532008 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions are core-enduring symptoms of schizophrenia, with important sex-related differences. Genetic variants of the DTBPN1 gene associated with reduced dysbindin-1 protein (Dys) expression negatively impact cognitive functions in schizophrenia through a functional epistatic interaction with Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Dys is involved in the trafficking of dopaminergic receptors, crucial for prefrontal cortex (PFC) signaling regulation. Moreover, dopamine signaling is modulated by estrogens via inhibition of COMT expression. We hypothesized a sex dimorphism in Dys-related cognitive functions dependent on COMT and estrogen levels. Our multidisciplinary approach combined behavioral-molecular findings on genetically modified mice, human postmortem Dys expression data, and in vivo fMRI during a working memory task performance. We found cognitive impairments in male mice related to genetic variants characterized by reduced Dys protein expression (pBonferroni = 0.0001), as well as in male humans through a COMT/Dys functional epistatic interaction involving PFC brain activity during working memory (t(23) = -3.21; pFDR = 0.004). Dorsolateral PFC activity was associated with lower working memory performance in males only (p = 0.04). Also, male humans showed decreased Dys expression in dorsolateral PFC during adulthood (pFDR = 0.05). Female Dys mice showed preserved cognitive performances with deficits only with a lack of estrogen tested in an ovariectomy model (pBonferroni = 0.0001), suggesting that genetic variants reducing Dys protein expression could probably become functional in females when the protective effect of estrogens is attenuated, i.e., during menopause. Overall, our results show the differential impact of functional variants of the DTBPN1 gene interacting with COMT on cognitive functions across sexes in mice and humans, underlying the importance of considering sex as a target for patient stratification and precision medicine in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Geraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Passiatore
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nora Penzel
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Samuele Laudani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit - University Hospital, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit - University Hospital, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Adriana C E Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca C Kikidis
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ciro Mazza
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Madhur Parihar
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit - University Hospital, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sportelli
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolò Trevisan
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy.
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Li N, Rao L, Zhao X, Shen J, Su D, Ma G, Sun S, Ma Q, Zhang L, Dong C, Tam KY, Prehn JHM, Wang H, Ying Z. Chlorpromazine affects autophagy in association with altered Rag GTPase-mTORC1-TFEB signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1266198. [PMID: 37745295 PMCID: PMC10514517 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1266198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical protein and organelle quality control system, which regulates cellular homeostasis and survival. Growing pieces of evidence suggest that autophagic dysfunction is strongly associated with many human diseases, including neurological diseases and cancer. Among various autophagic regulators, microphthalmia (MiT)/TFE transcription factors, including transcription factor EB (TFEB), have been shown to act as the master regulators of autophagosome and lysosome biogenesis in both physiological and pathological conditions. According to the previous studies, chlorpromazine (CPZ), an FDA-approved antipsychotic drug, affects autophagy in diverse cell lines, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In our present study, we find that CPZ treatment induces TFEB nuclear translocation through Rag GTPases, the upstream regulators of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Meanwhile, CPZ treatment also blocks autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Notably, we find a significant accumulation of immature autophagosome vesicles in CPZ-treated cells, which may impede cellular homeostasis due to the dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Interestingly and importantly, our data suggest that the expression of the active form of Rag GTPase heterodimers helps in reducing the accumulation of autophagosomes in CPZ-treated cells, further suggesting a major contribution of the Rag GTPase-mTORC1-TFEB signaling axis in CPZ-induced autophagic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingling Rao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junwen Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Qilian Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Future-Neuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunsheng Dong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Jochen H. M. Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Future-Neuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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An Atypical, Staged Cell Death Pathway Induced by Depletion of SNARE-Proteins MUNC18-1 or Syntaxin-1. J Neurosci 2023; 43:347-358. [PMID: 36517239 PMCID: PMC9864589 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0611-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The presynaptic proteins MUNC18-1, syntaxin-1, and SNAP25 drive SNARE-mediated synaptic vesicle fusion and are also required for neuronal viability. Their absence triggers rapid, cell-autonomous, neuron-specific degeneration, unrelated to synaptic vesicle deficits. The underlying cell death pathways remain poorly understood. Here, we show that hippocampi of munc18-1 null mice (unknown sex) express apoptosis hallmarks cleaved caspase 3 (CC-3) and phosphorylated p53, and have condensed nuclei. However, side-by-side in vitro comparison with classical apoptosis induced by camptothecin uncovered striking differences to syntaxin-1 and MUNC18-1 depleted neurons. First, live-cell imaging revealed consecutive neurite retraction hours before cell death in MUNC18-1 or syntaxin-1 depleted neurons, whereas all neurites retracted at once, directly before cell death in classical apoptosis. Second, CC-3 activation was observed only after loss of all neurites and cellular breakdown, whereas CC-3 is activated before any neurite loss in classical apoptosis. Third, a pan-caspase inhibitor and a p53 inhibitor both arrested classical apoptosis, as expected, but not cell death in MUNC18-1 or syntaxin-1 depleted neurons. Neuron-specific cell death, consecutive neurite retraction, and late CC-3 activation were conserved in syntaxin-1 depleted human neurons. Finally, no indications were observed for involvement of other established cell death pathways, including necroptosis, Wallerian degeneration, autophagic cell death, and pyroptosis. Together, these data show that depletion of presynaptic proteins MUNC18-1 or syntaxin-1 triggers an atypical, staged cell death pathway characterized by consecutive neurite retraction, ultimately leading to, but not driven by, apoptosis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal cell death can occur via a multitude of pathways and plays an important role in the developing nervous system as well as neurodegenerative diseases. One poorly understood pathway to neuronal cell death takes place on depletion of presynaptic SNARE proteins syntaxin-1, SNAP25, or MUNC18-1. The current study demonstrates that MUNC18-1 or syntaxin-1 depleted neurons show a new, atypical, staged cell death that does not resemble any of the established cell death pathways in neurons. Cell death on MUNC18-1 or syntaxin-1 depletion is characterized by consecutive neurite retraction, ultimately involving, but not driven by, classical apoptosis.
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Schneider F, Metz I, Rust MB. Regulation of actin filament assembly and disassembly in growth cone motility and axon guidance. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:21-35. [PMID: 36336143 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Directed outgrowth of axons is fundamental for the establishment of neuronal networks. Axon outgrowth is guided by growth cones, highly motile structures enriched in filamentous actin (F-actin) located at the axons' distal tips. Growth cones exploit F-actin-based protrusions to scan the environment for guidance cues, and they contain the sensory apparatus to translate guidance cue information into intracellular signaling cascades. These cascades act upstream of actin-binding proteins (ABP) and thereby control assembly and disassembly of F-actin. Spatiotemporally controlled F-actin dis-/assembly in growth cones steers the axon towards attractants and away from repellents, and it thereby navigates the axon through the developing nervous system. Hence, ABP that control F-actin dynamics emerged as critical regulators of neuronal network formation. In the present review article, we will summarize and discuss current knowledge of the mechanisms that control remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in growth cones, focusing on recent progress in the field. Further, we will introduce tools and techniques that allow to study actin regulatory mechanism in growth cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schneider
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabell Metz
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Cloutier MÈ, Srivastava LK, Cermakian N. Exposure to Circadian Disruption During Adolescence Interacts With a Genetic Risk Factor to Modify Schizophrenia-relevant Behaviors in a Sex-dependent Manner. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:655-672. [PMID: 36168739 PMCID: PMC9749568 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221125363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DTNBP1 is a gene associated with schizophrenia. Postmortem studies found a reduced expression of DTNBP1 in regions associated with schizophrenia in patients' brains. Sandy (Sdy) mice have a loss-of-function mutation in Dtnbp1 gene, resulting in behavioral deficits and brain changes similar to those seen in patients with schizophrenia. We previously showed that exposing adult Sdy mice to circadian disruption led to an exacerbation of schizophrenia-relevant behaviors. Here we asked whether the interaction between this genetic risk factor and circadian disruption occurs during adolescence, a period when environmental insults can promote schizophrenia symptoms, and whether sex affects this interaction. Starting at postnatal day 21, wild-type (WT) and Sdy males and females were housed for 4 weeks either in a 12 h light:12 h dark (LD 12:12) cycle or under chronic jetlag (CJL). Then, after 2 weeks in LD 12:12, behavioral assessments were conducted, including elevated plus maze (EPM), novel object recognition (NOR), social interaction, and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle. NOR and social novelty tests showed that, surprisingly, CJL during adolescence had opposite effects on WT and Sdy males, that is, behavioral deficits in WT males while rescuing preexisting deficits in Sdy mice. CJL led to decreased sociability in WT and Sdy mice while decreasing PPI only in females. Sdy mice showed decreased anxiety-like behavior compared with wild-type (WT), which was further accentuated by CJL in males. Thus, circadian disruption during adolescence, on its own or in association with Dtnbp1 mutation, can influence cognition, sociability, sensorimotor gating, and anxiety-like behaviors in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Cloutier
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lalit K. Srivastava
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Lalit K. Srivastava, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; e-mail:
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Nicolas Cermakian, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; e-mail:
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Białoń M, Wąsik A. Advantages and Limitations of Animal Schizophrenia Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115968. [PMID: 35682647 PMCID: PMC9181262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental illness modeling is still a major challenge for scientists. Animal models of schizophrenia are essential to gain a better understanding of the disease etiopathology and mechanism of action of currently used antipsychotic drugs and help in the search for new and more effective therapies. We can distinguish among pharmacological, genetic, and neurodevelopmental models offering various neuroanatomical disorders and a different spectrum of symptoms of schizophrenia. Modeling schizophrenia is based on inducing damage or changes in the activity of relevant regions in the rodent brain (mainly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus). Such artificially induced dysfunctions approximately correspond to the lesions found in patients with schizophrenia. However, notably, animal models of mental illness have numerous limitations and never fully reflect the disease state observed in humans.
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Higgs VE, Das RM. Establishing neuronal polarity: microtubule regulation during neurite initiation. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac007. [PMID: 38596701 PMCID: PMC10913830 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The initiation of nascent projections, or neurites, from the neuronal cell body is the first stage in the formation of axons and dendrites, and thus a critical step in the establishment of neuronal architecture and nervous system development. Neurite formation relies on the polarized remodelling of microtubules, which dynamically direct and reinforce cell shape, and provide tracks for cargo transport and force generation. Within neurons, microtubule behaviour and structure are tightly controlled by an array of regulatory factors. Although microtubule regulation in the later stages of axon development is relatively well understood, how microtubules are regulated during neurite initiation is rarely examined. Here, we discuss how factors that direct microtubule growth, remodelling, stability and positioning influence neurite formation. In addition, we consider microtubule organization by the centrosome and modulation by the actin and intermediate filament networks to provide an up-to-date picture of this vital stage in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Higgs
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Raman M Das
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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8
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Fei E, Chen P, Zhang Q, Zhong Y, Zhou T. Protein kinase B/Akt1 phosphorylates dysbindin-1A at serine 10 to regulate neuronal development. Neuroscience 2022; 490:66-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Jun R, Zhang W, Beacher NJ, Zhang Y, Li Y, Lin DT. Dysbindin-1, BDNF, and GABAergic Transmission in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:876749. [PMID: 35815020 PMCID: PMC9258742 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.876749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations, anhedonia, disordered thinking, and cognitive impairments. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to schizophrenia. Dysbindin-1 (DTNBP1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are both genetic factors associated with schizophrenia. Mice lacking Dtnbp1 showed behavioral deficits similar to human patients suffering from schizophrenia. DTNBP1 plays important functions in synapse formation and maintenance, receptor trafficking, and neurotransmitter release. DTNBP1 is co-assembled with 7 other proteins into a large protein complex, known as the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1). Large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) are involved in the secretion of hormones and neuropeptides, including BDNF. BDNF plays important roles in neuronal development, survival, and synaptic plasticity. BDNF is also critical in maintaining GABAergic inhibitory transmission in the brain. Two studies independently showed that DTNBP1 mediated activity-dependent BDNF secretion to maintain inhibitory transmission. Imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neural activities is thought to contribute to schizophrenia. In this mini-review, we will discuss a potential pathogenetic mechanism for schizophrenia involving DTNBP1, BDNF, and inhibitory transmission. We will also discuss how these processes are interrelated and associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Jun
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wen Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas J Beacher
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Yoshikawa K. Necdin: A purposive integrator of molecular interaction networks for mammalian neuron vitality. Genes Cells 2021; 26:641-683. [PMID: 34338396 PMCID: PMC9290590 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Necdin was originally found in 1991 as a hypothetical protein encoded by a neural differentiation‐specific gene transcript in murine embryonal carcinoma cells. Virtually all postmitotic neurons and their precursor cells express the necdin gene (Ndn) during neuronal development. Necdin mRNA is expressed only from the paternal allele through genomic imprinting, a placental mammal‐specific epigenetic mechanism. Necdin and its homologous MAGE (melanoma antigen) family, which have evolved presumedly from a subcomplex component of the SMC5/6 complex, are expressed exclusively in placental mammals. Paternal Ndn‐mutated mice totally lack necdin expression and exhibit various types of neuronal abnormalities throughout the nervous system. Ndn‐null neurons are vulnerable to detrimental stresses such as DNA damage. Necdin also suppresses both proliferation and apoptosis of neural stem/progenitor cells. Functional analyses using Ndn‐manipulated cells reveal that necdin consistently exerts antimitotic, anti‐apoptotic and prosurvival effects. Necdin interacts directly with a number of regulatory proteins including E2F1, p53, neurotrophin receptors, Sirt1 and PGC‐1α, which serve as major hubs of protein–protein interaction networks for mitosis, apoptosis, differentiation, neuroprotection and energy homeostasis. This review focuses on necdin as a pleiotropic protein that integrates molecular interaction networks to promote neuronal vitality in modern placental mammals.
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Tao H, Zhou X, Chen J, Zhou H, Huang L, Cai Y, Fu J, Liu Z, Chen Y, Sun C, Zhao B, Zhong W, Li K. Genetic Effects of the Schizophrenia-Related Gene DTNBP1 in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Genet 2021; 12:553974. [PMID: 33679873 PMCID: PMC7933566 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.553974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported patients who concurrently exhibit conditions of epilepsy and schizophrenia, indicating certain shared pathologies between them. This study aimed to investigate the genetic effects of the schizophrenia-related gene DTNBP1 in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). A total of 496 TLE patients and 528 healthy individuals were successfully genotyped for six DTNBP1 polymorphisms (rs760665, rs1011313, rs2619528, rs2619522, rs909706, and rs2619538), including 335 TLE patients and 325 healthy controls in cohort 1, and 161 TLE patients and 203 healthy controls in cohort 2. The frequency of the TT genotype at rs909706 T > C was lower in TLE patients than in normal controls in the initial cohort (cohort 1), which was confirmed in an independent cohort (cohort 2). However, the intronic T allele failed to be in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with any functional variations nearby; thus, together with the CCAC and TCAT haplotypes (rs1011313-rs2619528-rs2619522-rs909706) observed in the study, this allele acts only as a protective factor against susceptibility to TLE. Meanwhile, a novo mutant allele rs2619538 T > A was exclusively observed in TLE patients, and a dual-luciferase assay revealed that the mutant allele was increased by approximately 22% in the DTNBP2 promoter compared with the wild-type allele. Together with the trend of increasing DTNBP1 expression in epilepsy patients and animal models in this study, these are the first findings to demonstrate the genetic association of DTNBP1 with TLE. Homozygous mutation of rs2619538 T > A likely promotes DTNBP1 expression and facilitates subsequent processes in epilepsy pathologies. Thus, the role of DTNBP1 in TLE deserves further exploration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lidan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiawu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chaowen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wangtao Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Neurology and Neurosurgery Division, Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Dong F, Mao J, Chen M, Yoon J, Mao Y. Schizophrenia risk ZNF804A interacts with its associated proteins to modulate dendritic morphology and synaptic development. Mol Brain 2021; 14:12. [PMID: 33446247 PMCID: PMC7809827 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a devastating brain disease that affects about 1% of world population. Among the top genetic associations, zinc finger protein 804A (ZNF804A) gene encodes a zinc finger protein, associated with SZ and biolar disorder (BD). Copy number variants (CNVs) of ZNF804A have been observed in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), anxiety disorder, and BD, suggesting that ZNF804A is a dosage sensitive gene for brain development. However, its molecular functions have not been fully determined. Our previous interactomic study revealed that ZNF804A interacts with multiple proteins to control protein translation and neural development. ZNF804A is localized in the cytoplasm and neurites in the human cortex and is expressed in various types of neurons, including pyramidal, dopaminergic, GABAergic, and Purkinje neurons in mouse brain. To further examine the effect of gene dosage of ZNF804A on neurite morphology, both knockdown and overexpression of ZNF804A in primary neuronal cells significantly attenuate dendritic complex and spine formation. To determine the factors mediating these phenotypes, interestingly, three binding proteins of ZNF804A, galectin 1 (LGALS1), fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 (FEZ1) and ribosomal protein SA (RPSA), show different effects on reversing the deficits. LGALS1 and FEZ1 stimulate neurite outgrowth at basal level but RPSA shows no effect. Intriguingly, LGALS1 but not FEZ1, reverses the neurite outgrowth deficits induced by ZNF804A knockdown. However, FEZ1 and RPSA but not LGALS1, can ameliorate ZNF804A overexpression-mediated dendritic abnormalities. Thus, our results uncover a critical post-mitotic role of ZNF804A in neurite and synaptic development relevant to neurodevelopmental pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Dong
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 214 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joseph Mao
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 214 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Miranda Chen
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 214 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joy Yoon
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 214 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yingwei Mao
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 214 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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13
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KLF4 Exerts Sedative Effects in Pentobarbital-Treated Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:596-606. [PMID: 32789565 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
KLF4 is a zinc-finger transcription factor that plays an essential role in many biological processes, including neuroinflammation, neuron regeneration, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Through effects on these processes, KLF4 has likely roles in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury. However, little is known about the role of KLF4 in more immediate behavioral processes that similarly depend upon broad changes in brain excitability, such as the sleep process. Here, behavioral approaches, western blot, and immunohistochemical experiments were used to explore the role of KLF4 on sedation and the potential mechanisms of those effects. The results showed that overexpression of KLF4 prolonged loss of righting reflex (LORR) duration in pentobarbital-treated mice and increased c-Fos expression in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), while it decreased c-Fos expression in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN). Moreover, overexpression of KLF4 reduced the expression of p53 in the hypothalamus and increased the expression of STAT3 in the hypothalamus. Therefore, these results suggest that KLF4 exerts sedative effects through the regulation of p53 and STAT3 expression, and it indicates a role of KLF4 ligands in the treatment of sleep disorders.
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14
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Chen Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, Ma S, Yi W, Liu S, Yu X, Wang J, Chen Y. Coronin 2B regulates dendrite outgrowth by modulating actin dynamics. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2975-2987. [PMID: 32692409 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal remodeling is indispensable for the development and maintenance of neuronal structures and functions. However, the molecular machinery that controls the balance between actin polymerization and depolymerization during these processes is incompletely understood. Here, we report that coronin 2B, a conserved actin-binding protein, is concentrated at the tips of developing dendrites and that knockdown of coronin 2B inhibits the growth of dendrites. Importantly, coronin 2B interacts with actin and reduces the F-actin/G-actin ratio. Furthermore, the coiled-coil domain of coronin 2B is required for its oligomerization, thus confining coronin 2B to neurite tips. Our findings collectively suggest that coronin 2B is important for promoting dendrite outgrowth by limiting the speed of actin polymerization at growth cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Chen
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science - Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinying Xu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science - Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanying Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Saijuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science - Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Lee FY, Larimore J, Faundez V, Dell'Angelica EC, Ghiani CA. Sex-dimorphic effects of biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 deficiency on mouse perinatal brain development. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:67-89. [PMID: 32436302 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The function(s) of the Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex-1 (BLOC-1) during brain development is to date largely unknown. Here, we investigated how its absence alters the trajectory of postnatal brain development using as model the pallid mouse. Most of the defects observed early postnatally in the mutant mice were more prominent in males than in females and in the hippocampus. Male mutant mice, but not females, had smaller brains as compared to sex-matching wild types at postnatal day 1 (P1), this deficit was largely recovered by P14 and P45. An abnormal cytoarchitecture of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus was observed in P1 pallid male, but not female, or juvenile mice (P45), along with severely decreased expression levels of the radial glial marker Glutamate-Aspartate Transporter. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the overall response to the lack of functional BLOC-1 was more pronounced in hippocampi at P1 than at P45 or in the cerebral cortex. These observations suggest that absence of BLOC-1 renders males more susceptible to perinatal brain maldevelopment and although most abnormalities appear to have been resolved in juvenile animals, still permanent defects may be present, resulting in faulty neuronal circuits, and contribute to previously reported cognitive and behavioral phenotypes in adult BLOC-1-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Y Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Esteban C Dell'Angelica
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cristina A Ghiani
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Fang C, Guo X, Lv X, Yin R, Lv X, Wang F, Zhao J, Bai Q, Yao X, Chen Y. Dysbindin promotes progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via direct activation of PI3K. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 9:504-515. [PMID: 29040676 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a biggest challenge in clinic oncology due to its invasiveness and lack of targeted therapeutics. Our recent study showed that schizophrenia susceptibility factor dysbindin exhibited significant higher level in serum of PDAC patients. However, the functional relevance of dysbindin in PDAC is still unclear. Here, we show that dysbindin promotes tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo by accelerating the G1/S phase transition in cell cycle via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mechanistically, dysbindin interacts with PI3K and stimulates the kinase activity of PI3K. Moreover, overexpression of dysbindin in PDAC is correlated with clinicopathological characteristics significantly, such as histological differentiation (P = 0.011) and tumor size (P = 0.007). Kaplan-Meier survival curves show that patients with high dysbindin expression exhibit poorer overall survival, compared to those with low dysbindin expression (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis reveals that dysbindin is an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (P = 0.001). Thus, our findings reveal that dysbindin is a novel PI3K activator and promotes PDAC progression via stimulation of PI3K/AKT. Dysbindin therefore represents a potential target for prognosis and therapy of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruozhe Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengsong Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quan Bai
- Institute of Modern Separation Science, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- Department of Hefei Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Zhuo C, Wang D, Zhou C, Chen C, Li J, Tian H, Li S, Ji F, Liu C, Chen M, Zhang L. Double-Edged Sword of Tumour Suppressor Genes in Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:1. [PMID: 30809121 PMCID: PMC6379290 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common psychiatric disorder with polygenetic pathogenesis. Among the many identified candidate genes and loci, the group of tumour suppressor genes has drawn our interest. In this mini-review article, we describe evidence of a correlation between major tumour suppressor genes and SCZ development. Genetic mutations ranging from single nucleotide polymorphisms to large structural alterations have been found in tumour-related genes in patients with SCZ. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation/acetylation and microRNA regulation of tumour suppressor genes, have also been implicated in SCZ. Beyond genetic correlations, we hope to establish causal relationships between tumour suppressor gene function and SCZ risk. Accumulating evidence shows that tumour suppressor genes may mediate cell survival and neural development, both of which contribute to SCZ aetiology. Moreover, converging intracellular signalling pathways indicate a role of tumour suppressor genes in SCZ pathogenesis. Tumour suppressor gene function may mediate a direct link between neural development and function and psychiatric disorders, including SCZ. A deeper understanding of how neural cell development is affected by tumour suppressors may lead to improved anti-psychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Psychiatric Genetic Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Neuroimaging Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shen Li
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Psychiatric Genetic Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Psychiatric Genetic Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Min Chen
- Psychiatric Genetic Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Li Zhang
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Lee FY, Wang HB, Hitchcock ON, Loh DH, Whittaker DS, Kim YS, Aiken A, Kokikian C, Dell'Angelica EC, Colwell CS, Ghiani CA. Sleep/Wake Disruption in a Mouse Model of BLOC-1 Deficiency. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:759. [PMID: 30498428 PMCID: PMC6249416 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking a functional Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex 1 (BLOC-1), such as those of the pallid line, display cognitive and behavioural impairments reminiscent of those presented by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Although disturbances in the sleep/wake cycle are commonly lamented by these individuals, the underlying mechanisms, including the possible role of the circadian timing system, are still unknown. In this paper, we have explored sleep/circadian malfunctions and underlying mechanisms in BLOC-1-deficient pallid mice. These mutants exhibited less sleep behaviour in the beginning of the resting phase than wild-type mice with a more broken sleeping pattern in normal light-dark conditions. Furthermore, the strength of the activity rhythms in the mutants were reduced with significantly more fragmentation and lower precision than in age-matched controls. These symptoms were accompanied by an abnormal preference for the open arm in the elevated plus maze in the day and poor performance in the novel object recognition at night. At the level of the central circadian clock (the suprachiasmatic nucleus, SCN), loss of BLOC-1 caused subtle morphological changes including a larger SCN and increased expression of the relative levels of the clock gene Per2 product during the day but did not affect the neuronal activity rhythms. In the hippocampus, the pallid mice presented with anomalies in the cytoarchitecture of the Dentate Gyrus granule cells, but not in CA1 pyramidal neurones, along with altered PER2 protein levels as well as reduced pCREB/tCREB ratio during the day. Our findings suggest that lack of BLOC-1 in mice disrupts the sleep/wake cycle and performance in behavioural tests associated with specific alterations in cytoarchitecture and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Y Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Huei-Bin Wang
- Molecular, Cellular, & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Olivia N Hitchcock
- Integrative Biology and Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dawn Hsiao Loh
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel S Whittaker
- Molecular, Cellular, & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yoon-Sik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Achilles Aiken
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Collette Kokikian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Esteban C Dell'Angelica
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cristina A Ghiani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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19
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Jeong YH, Choi JH, Lee D, Kim S, Kim KT. Vaccinia-related kinase 2 modulates role of dysbindin by regulating protein stability. J Neurochem 2018; 147:609-625. [PMID: 30062698 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinia-related kinase 2 (VRK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the casein kinase 1 family. VRK2 has long been known for its relationship with neurodegenerative disorders such as schizophrenia. However, the role of VRK2 and the substrates associated with it are unknown. Dysbindin is known as one of the strong risk factors for schizophrenia. The expression of dysbindin is indeed significantly reduced in schizophrenia patients. Moreover, dysbindin is involved in neurite outgrowth and regulation of NMDA receptor signaling. Here, we first identified dysbindin as a novel interacting protein of VRK2 through immunoprecipitation. We hypothesized that dysbindin is phosphorylated by VRK2 and further that this phosphorylation plays an important role in the function of dysbindin. We show that VRK2 phosphorylates Ser 297 and Ser 299 of dysbindin using in vitro kinase assay. In addition, we found that VRK2-mediated phosphorylation of dysbindin enhanced ubiquitination of dysbindin and consequently resulted in the decrease in its protein stability through western blotting. Over-expression of VRK2 in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells reduced neurite outgrowth induced by retinoic acid. Furthermore, a phosphomimetic mutant of dysbindin alleviated neurite outgrowth and affected surface expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate 2A, a subunit of NMDA receptor in mouse hippocampal neurons. Together, our work reveals the regulation of dysbindin by VRK2, providing the association of these two proteins, which are commonly implicated in schizophrenia. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hun Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Dohyun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.,R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Pohang, 37668, Korea
| | - Sangjune Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.,Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
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20
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Mechanistic insights into the genetics of affective psychosis from Prader-Willi syndrome. Lancet Psychiatry 2018; 5:370-378. [PMID: 29352661 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are common, severe, and disabling psychotic disorders, which are difficult to research. We argue that the genetically determined neurodevelopmental disorder Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), which is associated with a high risk of affective psychotic illness, can provide a window into genetic mechanisms and associated neural pathways. People with PWS can all show non-psychotic psychopathology and problem behaviours, but the prevalence of psychotic illness differs markedly by genetic subtype; people with PWS due to chromosome 15 maternal uniparental disomy have higher prevalence of psychotic illness compared with patients with PWS due to 15q11-13 deletions of paternal origin. On the basis of this observation and the neural differences between genetic subtypes, we hypothesise that the combined effects of the absent expression of specific maternally imprinted genes at 15q11-13, and excess maternally imprinted or paternally expressed genes on chromosome 15, affect the γ-aminobutyric acid-glutamatergic pathways and associated neural networks that underpin mood regulation and sensory processing, resulting in psychotic illness. We propose a model of potential mechanisms of psychosis in PWS, which might be relevant in the general population, and should inform future research.
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21
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Dysbindin-1 Involvement in the Etiology of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102044. [PMID: 28937620 PMCID: PMC5666726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder that afflicts about 1% of the world’s population, falling into the top 10 medical disorders causing disability. Existing therapeutic strategies have had limited success on cognitive impairment and long-term disability and are burdened by side effects. Although new antipsychotic medications have been launched in the past decades, there has been a general lack of significant innovation. This lack of significant progress in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia is a reflection of the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease. To date, many susceptibility genes have been identified to be associated with schizophrenia. DTNBP1 gene, which encodes dysbindin-1, has been linked to schizophrenia in multiple populations. Studies on genetic variations show that DTNBP1 modulate prefrontal brain functions and psychiatric phenotypes. Dysbindin-1 is enriched in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, while postmortem brain studies of individuals with schizophrenia show decreased levels of dysbindin-1 mRNA and protein in these brain regions. These studies proposed a strong connection between dysbindin-1 function and the pathogenesis of disease. Dysbindin-1 protein was localized at both pre- and post-synaptic sites, where it regulates neurotransmitter release and receptors signaling. Moreover, dysbindin-1 has also been found to be involved in neuronal development. Reduced expression levels of dysbindin-1 mRNA and protein appear to be common in dysfunctional brain areas of schizophrenic patients. The present review addresses our current knowledge of dysbindin-1 with emphasis on its potential role in the schizophrenia pathology. We propose that dysbindin-1 and its signaling pathways may constitute potential therapeutic targets in the therapy of schizophrenia.
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22
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Lu T, Kim P, Luo Y. Tp53 gene mediates distinct dopaminergic neuronal damage in different dopaminergic neurotoxicant models. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1413-1417. [PMID: 29089978 PMCID: PMC5649453 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.215243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tp53, a stress response gene, is involved in diverse cell death pathways and its activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. However, whether the neuronal Tp53 protein plays a direct role in regulating dopaminergic (DA) neuronal cell death or neuronal terminal damage in different neurotoxicant models is unknown. In our recent studies, in contrast to the global inhibition of Tp53 function by pharmacological inhibitors and in traditional Tp53 knock-out mice, we examined the effects of DA-specific Tp53 gene deletion after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and methamphetamine exposure. Our data suggests that the Tp53 gene might be involved in both neuronal apoptosis and neuronal terminal damage caused by different neurotoxicants. Additional results from other studies also suggest that as a master regulator of many pathways that regulate apoptosis and synaptic terminal damage, it is possible that Tp53 may function as a signaling hub to integrate different signaling pathways to mediate distinctive target pathways. Tp53 protein as a signaling hub might be able to evaluate the microenvironment of neurons, assess the forms and severities of injury incurred, and determine whether apoptotic cell death or neuronal terminal degeneration occurs. Identification of the precise mechanisms activated in distinct neuronal damage caused by different forms and severities of injuries might allow for development of specific Tp53 inhibitors or ways to modulate distinct downstream target pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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23
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Borlepawar A, Rangrez AY, Bernt A, Christen L, Sossalla S, Frank D, Frey N. TRIM24 protein promotes and TRIM32 protein inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via regulation of dysbindin protein levels. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10180-10196. [PMID: 28465353 PMCID: PMC5473223 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that dysbindin is a potent inducer of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of Rho-dependent serum-response factor (SRF) signaling. We have now performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using dysbindin as bait against a cardiac cDNA library to identify the cardiac dysbindin interactome. Among several putative binding proteins, we identified tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24) and confirmed this interaction by co-immunoprecipitation and co-immunostaining. Another tripartite motif (TRIM) family protein, TRIM32, has been reported earlier as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for dysbindin in skeletal muscle. Consistently, we found that TRIM32 also degraded dysbindin in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes as well. Surprisingly, however, TRIM24 did not promote dysbindin decay but rather protected dysbindin against degradation by TRIM32. Correspondingly, TRIM32 attenuated the activation of SRF signaling and hypertrophy due to dysbindin, whereas TRIM24 promoted these effects in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. This study also implies that TRIM32 is a key regulator of cell viability and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via simultaneous activation of p53 and caspase-3/-7 and inhibition of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. In conclusion, we provide here a novel mechanism of post-translational regulation of dysbindin and hypertrophy via TRIM24 and TRIM32 and show the importance of TRIM32 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apoptosis
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Dysbindin
- Dystrophin-Associated Proteins/chemistry
- Dystrophin-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Dystrophin-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Stability
- Proteolysis
- RNA Interference
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Serum Response Factor/agonists
- Serum Response Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tripartite Motif Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tripartite Motif Proteins/genetics
- Tripartite Motif Proteins/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Borlepawar
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Bernt
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lynn Christen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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24
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Brown JS. Cancer Immune Equilibrium and Schizophrenia Have Similar Interferon-γ, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Interleukin Expression: A Tumor Model of Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1407-1417. [PMID: 27169466 PMCID: PMC5049534 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For at least a century, a debate has continued as to whether cancer risk is reduced in schizophrenia. Genetic studies have also suggested the 2 conditions may share protein transcriptional pathways. The author predicted that if the pathophysiology of schizophrenia confers protection from cancer, then the immunology of schizophrenia should reflect a state of tumor suppression, ie, the opposite of tumor escape. To examine this possibility, the author performed a literature search for measurements of cytokines in drug-naïve first episode subjects with schizophrenia for comparison with cytokine expression in tumor escape vs tumor suppression. The comparison showed that instead of either tumor suppression or escape, schizophrenia appears to be in a state of tumor equilibrium. Based on this finding, the author hypothesized that the clinical presentation of schizophrenia may involve cell transformation similar to an early stage of cancer initiation or an attenuated tumorigenesis. While this condition could reflect the presence of an actual tumor such as an ovarian teratoma causing anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, it would only explain a small percentage of cases. To find a more likely tumor model, the author then compared the cytokine profile of schizophrenia to individual cancers and found the best match was melanoma. To demonstrate the viability of the theory, the author compared the hallmarks, emerging hallmarks, and enabling characteristics of melanoma to schizophrenia and found that many findings in schizophrenia are understood if schizophrenia is a condition of attenuated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
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25
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Furukubo-Tokunaga K, Kurita K, Honjo K, Pandey H, Ando T, Takayama K, Arai Y, Mochizuki H, Ando M, Kamiya A, Sawa A. DISC1 causes associative memory and neurodevelopmental defects in fruit flies. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1232-43. [PMID: 26976042 PMCID: PMC4993648 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Originally found in a Scottish family with diverse mental disorders, the DISC1 protein has been characterized as an intracellular scaffold protein that associates with diverse binding partners in neural development. To explore its functions in a genetically tractable system, we expressed the human DISC1 in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). As in mammalian neurons, DISC1 is localized to diverse subcellular domains of developing fly neurons including the nuclei, axons and dendrites. Overexpression of DISC1 impairs associative memory. Experiments with deletion/mutation constructs have revealed the importance of amino-terminal domain (46-290) for memory suppression whereas carboxyl domain (598-854) and the amino-terminal residues (1-45) including the nuclear localization signal (NLS1) are dispensable. DISC1 overexpression also causes suppression of axonal and dendritic branching of mushroom body neurons, which mediate a variety of cognitive functions in the fly brain. Analyses with deletion/mutation constructs reveal that protein domains 598-854 and 349-402 are both required for the suppression of axonal branching, while amino-terminal domains including NLS1 are dispensable. In contrast, NLS1 was required for the suppression of dendritic branching, suggesting a mechanism involving gene expression. Moreover, domain 403-596 is also required for the suppression of dendritic branching. We also show that overexpression of DISC1 suppresses glutamatergic synaptogenesis in developing neuromuscular junctions. Deletion/mutation experiments have revealed the importance of protein domains 403-596 and 349-402 for synaptic suppression, while amino-terminal domains including NLS1 are dispensable. Finally, we show that DISC1 functionally interacts with the fly homolog of Dysbindin (DTNBP1) via direct protein-protein interaction in developing synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuki Kurita
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Ken Honjo
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Himani Pandey
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ando
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kojiro Takayama
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yuko Arai
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mochizuki
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mai Ando
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
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26
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Villarroel-Campos D, Bronfman FC, Gonzalez-Billault C. Rab GTPase signaling in neurite outgrowth and axon specification. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:498-507. [PMID: 27124121 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells that contain specialized subcellular domains involved in information transmission in the nervous system. Specifically, the somatodendritic compartment receives neuronal inputs while the axons convey information through the synapse. The establishment of asymmetric domains requires a specific delivery of components, including organelles, proteins, and membrane. The Rab family of small GTPases plays an essential role in membrane trafficking. Signaling cascades triggered by extrinsic and intrinsic factors tightly regulate Rab functions in cells, with Rab protein activation depending on GDP/GTP binding to establish a binary mode of action. This review summarizes the contributions of several Rab family members involved in trans-Golgi, early/late endosomes, and recycling endosomes during neurite development and axonal outgrowth. The regulation of some Rabs by guanine exchanging factors and GTPase activating proteins will also be addressed. Finally, discussion will be provided on how specific effector-mediated Rab activation modifies several molecules essential to neuronal differentiation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarroel-Campos
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca C Bronfman
- MINREB And Center for Ageing and Regeneration (CARE), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
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27
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Ito H, Morishita R, Nagata KI. Schizophrenia susceptibility gene product dysbindin-1 regulates the homeostasis of cyclin D1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1383-91. [PMID: 27130439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysbindin-1 (dystrobrevin binding protein-1, DTNBP1) is now widely accepted as a potential schizophrenia susceptibility gene and accumulating evidence indicates its functions in the neural development. In this study, we tried to identify new binding partners for dysbindin-1 to clarify the novel function of this molecule. When consulted with BioGRID protein interaction database, cyclin D3 was found to be a possible binding partner for dysbindin-1. We then examined the interaction between various dysbindin-1 isoforms (dysbindin-1A, -1B and -1C) and all three D-type cyclins (cyclin D1, D2, and D3) by immunoprecipitation with the COS7 cell expression system, and found that dysbindin-1A preferentially interacts with cyclin D1. The mode of interaction between these molecules was considered as direct binding since recombinant dysbindin-1A and cyclin D1 formed a complex in vitro. Mapping analyses revealed that the C-terminal region of dysbindin-1A binds to the C-terminal of cyclin D1. Consistent with the results of the biochemical analyses, endogenous dysbindin-1was partially colocalized with cyclin D1 in NIH3T3 fibroblast cells and in neuronal stem and/or progenitor cells in embryonic mouse brain. While co-expression of dysbindin-1A with cyclin D1 changed the localization of the latter from the nucleus to cytosol, cyclin D1-binding partner CDK4 inhibited the dysbindin-cyclin D1 interaction. Meanwhile, depletion of endogenous dysbindin-1A increased cyclin D1 expression. These results indicate that dysbindin-1A may control the cyclin D1 function spatiotemporally and might contribute to better understanding of the pathophysiology of dysbindin-1-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ito
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Rika Morishita
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan; Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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28
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Impairments in dendrite morphogenesis as etiology for neurodevelopmental disorders and implications for therapeutic treatments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:946-978. [PMID: 27143622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendrite morphology is pivotal for neural circuitry functioning. While the causative relationship between small-scale dendrite morphological abnormalities (shape, density of dendritic spines) and neurodevelopmental disorders is well established, such relationship remains elusive for larger-scale dendrite morphological impairments (size, shape, branching pattern of dendritic trees). Here, we summarize published data on dendrite morphological irregularities in human patients and animal models for neurodevelopmental disorders, with focus on autism and schizophrenia. We next discuss high-risk genes for these disorders and their role in dendrite morphogenesis. We finally overview recent developments in therapeutic attempts and we discuss how they relate to dendrite morphology. We find that both autism and schizophrenia are accompanied by dendritic arbor morphological irregularities, and that majority of their high-risk genes regulate dendrite morphogenesis. Thus, we present a compelling argument that, along with smaller-scale morphological impairments in dendrites (spines and synapse), irregularities in larger-scale dendrite morphology (arbor shape, size) may be an important part of neurodevelopmental disorders' etiology. We suggest that this should not be ignored when developing future therapeutic treatments.
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29
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Ioannou MS, McPherson PS. Regulation of Cancer Cell Behavior by the Small GTPase Rab13. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9929-37. [PMID: 27044746 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.715193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the Rab family of GTPases are master regulators of cellular membrane trafficking. With ∼70 members in humans, Rabs have been implicated in all steps of membrane trafficking ranging from vesicle formation and transport to vesicle docking/tethering and fusion. Vesicle trafficking controls the localization and levels of a myriad of proteins, thus regulating cellular functions including proliferation, metabolism, cell-cell adhesion, and cell migration. It is therefore not surprising that impairment of Rab pathways is associated with diseases including cancer. In this review, we highlight evidence supporting the role of Rab13 as a potent driver of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Ioannou
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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30
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Altered expression of mRNA profiles in blood of early-onset schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:16767. [PMID: 26733343 PMCID: PMC4702094 DOI: 10.1038/srep16767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify gene expression abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ), we generated whole-genome gene expression profiles using microarrays on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 18 early-onset SZ cases and 12 controls. We detected 84 transcripts differentially expressed by diagnostic status, with 82 genes being upregulated and 2 downregulated. We identified two SZ associated gene coexpression modules (green and red), including 446 genes . The green module is positively correlated with SZ, encompassing predominantly up-regulated genes in SZ; while the red module was negatively correlated with disease status, involving mostly nominally down-regulated genes in SZ. The olfactory transduction pathway was the most enriched pathways for the genes within the two modules. The expression levels of several hub genes, including AKT1, BRCA1, CCDC134, UBD, and ZIC2 were validated using real-time quantitative PCR. Our findings indicate that mRNA coexpression abnormalities may serve as a promising mechanism underlying the development of SZ.
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31
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Increased dysbindin-1B isoform expression in schizophrenia and its propensity in aggresome formation. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15032. [PMID: 27462430 PMCID: PMC4860834 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in the human dysbindin-1 gene (DTNBP1) have been associated with schizophrenia. As a result of alternative splicing, the human DTNBP1 gene generates at least three distinct protein isoforms, dysbindin-1A, -1B and -1C. Significant effort has focused on dysbindin-1A, an important player in multiple steps of neurodevelopment. However, the other isoforms, dysbindin-1B and dysbindin-1C have not been well characterized. Nor have been associated with human diseases. Here we report an increase in expression of DTNBP1b mRNA in patients with paranoid schizophrenia as compared with healthy controls. A single-nucleotide polymorphism located in intron 9, rs117610176, has been identified and associated with paranoid schizophrenia, and its C allele leads to an increase of DTNBP1b mRNA splicing. Our data show that different dysbindin splicing isoforms exhibit distinct subcellular distribution, suggesting their distinct functional activities. Dysbindin-1B forms aggresomes at the perinuclear region, whereas dysbindin-1A and -1C proteins exhibit diffused patterns in the cytoplasm. Dysbindin-1A interacts with dysbindin-1B, getting recruited to the aggresome structure when co-expressed with dysbindin-1B. Moreover, cortical neurons over-expressing dysbindin-1B show reduction in neurite outgrowth, suggesting that dysbindin-1B may interfere with dysbindin-1A function in a dominant-negative manner. Taken together, our study uncovers a previously unknown association of DTNBP1b expression with schizophrenia in addition to its distinct biochemical and functional properties.
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32
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Krefft M, Frydecka D, Adamowski T, Misiak B. From Prader-Willi syndrome to psychosis: translating parent-of-origin effects into schizophrenia research. Epigenomics 2015; 6:677-88. [PMID: 25531260 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a relatively rare disorder that originates from paternally inherited deletions and maternal disomy (mUPD) within the 15q11-q13 region or alterations in the PWS imprinting center. Evidence is accumulating that mUPD underlies high prevalence of psychosis among PWS patients. Several genes involved in differentiation and survival of neurons as well as neurotransmission known to act in the development of PWS have been also implicated in schizophrenia. In this article, we provide an overview of genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of psychosis in PWS indicating overlapping points in the molecular background of PWS and schizophrenia. Simultaneously, we highlight the need for studies investigating genetic and epigenetic makeup of the 15q11-q13 in schizophrenia indicating promising candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Krefft
- Department of Psychiatry, 10 Pasteur Street, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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33
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Copf T. Importance of gene dosage in controlling dendritic arbor formation during development. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2234-49. [PMID: 26108333 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proper dendrite morphology is crucial for normal nervous system functioning. While a number of genes have been implicated in dendrite morphogenesis in both invertebrates and mammals, it remains unclear how developing dendrites respond to changes in gene dosage and what type of patterns their responses may follow. To understand this, I review here evidence from the recent literature, focusing on the genetic studies performed in the Drosophila larval dendritic arborization class IV neuron, an excellent cell type to understand dendrite morphogenesis. I summarize how class IV arbors change morphology in response to developmental fluctuations in the expression levels of 47 genes, studied by means of genetic manipulations such as loss-of-function and gain-of-function, and for which sufficient information is available. I find that arbors can respond to changing gene dosage in several distinct ways, each characterized by a singular dose-response curve. Interestingly, in 72% of cases arbors are sensitive, and thus adjust their morphology, in response to both decreases and increases in the expression of a given gene, indicating that dendrite morphogenesis is a process particularly sensitive to gene dosage. By summarizing the parallels between Drosophila and mammals, I show that many Drosophila dendrite morphogenesis genes have orthologs in mammals, and that some of these are associated with mammalian dendrite outgrowth and human neurodevelopmental disorders. One notable disease-related molecule is kinase Dyrk1A, thought to be a causative factor in Down syndrome. Both increases and decreases in Dyrk1A gene dosage lead to impaired dendrite morphogenesis, which may contribute to Down syndrome pathoetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Copf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nikolaou Plastira 100, PO Box 1385, Heraklion, GR-70013, Crete, Greece
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34
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Ma Q, Hu QS, Xu RJ, Zhen XC, Wang GH. Protease Omi facilitates neurite outgrowth in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells by cleaving transcription factor E2F1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:966-75. [PMID: 26238290 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Omi is an ATP-independent serine protease that is necessary for neuronal function and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of protease Omi in regulating differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells and to identify the substrate of Omi involved in this process. METHODS Mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells and Omi protease-deficient mnd2 mice were used in this study. To modulate Omi and E2F1 expression, N2a cells were transfected with expression plasmids, shRNA plasmids or siRNA. Protein levels were detected using immunoblot assays. The interaction between Omi and E2F1 was studied using immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown and in vitro cleavage assays. N2a cells were treated with 20 μmol/L retinoic acid (RA) and 1% fetal bovine serum to induce neurite outgrowth, which was measured using Image J software. RESULTS E2F1 was significantly increased in Omi knockdown cells and in brain lysates of mnd2 mice, and was decreased in cells overexpressing wild-type Omi, but not inactive Omi S276C. In brain lysates of mnd2 mice, endogenous E2F1 was co-immunoprecipitated with endogenous Omi. In vitro cleavage assay demonstrated that Omi directly cleaved E2F1. Treatment of N2a cells with RA induced marked differentiation and neurite outgrowth accompanied by significantly increased Omi and decreased E2F1 levels, which were suppressed by pretreatment with the specific Omi inhibitor UCF-101. Knockdown of Omi in N2a cells suppressed RA-induced neurite outgrowth, which was partially restored by knockdown of E2F1. CONCLUSION Protease Omi facilitates neurite outgrowth by cleaving the transcription factor E2F1 in differentiated neuroblastoma cells; E2F1 is a substrate of Omi.
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35
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Gokhale A, Vrailas-Mortimer A, Larimore J, Comstra HS, Zlatic SA, Werner E, Manvich DF, Iuvone PM, Weinshenker D, Faundez V. Neuronal copper homeostasis susceptibility by genetic defects in dysbindin, a schizophrenia susceptibility factor. Hum Mol Genet 2015. [PMID: 26199316 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors and susceptible genomes interact to determine the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Although few genes and environmental factors have been linked, the intervening cellular and molecular mechanisms connecting a disorder susceptibility gene with environmental factors remain mostly unexplored. Here we focus on the schizophrenia susceptibility gene DTNBP1 and its product dysbindin, a subunit of the BLOC-1 complex, and describe a neuronal pathway modulating copper metabolism via ATP7A. Mutations in ATP7A result in Menkes disease, a disorder of copper metabolism. Dysbindin/BLOC-1 and ATP7A genetically and biochemically interact. Furthermore, disruption of this pathway causes alteration in the transcriptional profile of copper-regulatory and dependent factors in the hippocampus of dysbindin/BLOC-1-null mice. Dysbindin/BLOC-1 loss-of-function alleles do not affect cell and tissue copper content, yet they alter the susceptibility to toxic copper challenges in both mammalian cells and Drosophila. Our results demonstrate that perturbations downstream of the schizophrenia susceptibility gene DTNBP1 confer susceptibility to copper, a metal that in excess is a neurotoxin and whose depletion constitutes a micronutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Heather S Comstra
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Erica Werner
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel F Manvich
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - P Michael Iuvone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,
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36
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Fu C, Chen D, Chen R, Hu Q, Wang G. The Schizophrenia-Related Protein Dysbindin-1A Is Degraded and Facilitates NF-Kappa B Activity in the Nucleus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132639. [PMID: 26171858 PMCID: PMC4501731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1), a gene encoding dysbindin-1, has been identified as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Functioning with partners in synapses or the cytoplasm, this gene regulates neurite outgrowth and neurotransmitter release. Loss of dysbindin-1 affects schizophrenia pathology. Dysbindin-1 is also found in the nucleus, however, the characteristics of dysbindin in the nucleus are not fully understood. Here, we found that dysbindin-1A is degraded in the nucleus via the ubiquitin-proteasome system and that amino acids 2-41 at the N-terminus are required for this process. By interacting with p65, dysbindin-1A promotes the transcriptional activity of NF-kappa B in the nucleus and positively regulates MMP-9 expression. Taken together, the data obtained in this study demonstrate that dysbindin-1A protein levels are highly regulated in the nucleus and that dysbindin-1A regulates transcription factor NF-kappa B activity to promote the expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingsong Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Hefei, Anhui, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Cheah SY, Lawford BR, Young RM, Morris CP, Voisey J. Dysbindin (DTNBP1) variants are associated with hallucinations in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30:486-91. [PMID: 25697573 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) is a schizophrenia susceptibility gene involved with neurotransmission regulation (especially dopamine and glutamate) and neurodevelopment. The gene is known to be associated with cognitive deficit phenotypes within schizophrenia. In our previous studies, DTNBP1 was found associated not only with schizophrenia but with other psychiatric disorders including psychotic depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, nicotine dependence and opiate dependence. These findings suggest that DNTBP1 may be involved in pathways that lead to multiple psychiatric phenotypes. In this study, we explored the association between DTNBP1 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and multiple psychiatric phenotypes included in the Diagnostic Interview of Psychosis (DIP). METHODS Five DTNBP1 SNPs, rs17470454, rs1997679, rs4236167, rs9370822 and rs9370823, were genotyped in 235 schizophrenia subjects screened for various phenotypes in the domains of depression, mania, hallucinations, delusions, subjective thought disorder, behaviour and affect, and speech disorder. SNP-phenotype association was determined with ANOVA under general, dominant/recessive and over-dominance models. RESULTS Post hoc tests determined that SNP rs1997679 was associated with visual hallucination; SNP rs4236167 was associated with general auditory hallucination as well as specific features including non-verbal, abusive and third-person form auditory hallucinations; and SNP rs9370822 was associated with visual and olfactory hallucinations. SNPs that survived correction for multiple testing were rs4236167 for third-person and abusive form auditory hallucinations; and rs9370822 for olfactory hallucinations. CONCLUSION These data suggest that DTNBP1 is likely to play a role in development of auditory related, visual and olfactory hallucinations which is consistent with evidence of DTNBP1 activity in the auditory processing regions, in visual processing and in the regulation of glutamate and dopamine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Cheah
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - B R Lawford
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - R M Young
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - C P Morris
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - J Voisey
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
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Lee SA, Kim SM, Suh BK, Sun HY, Park YU, Hong JH, Park C, Nguyen MD, Nagata KI, Yoo JY, Park SK. Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) regulates dysbindin function by enhancing its stability. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7087-96. [PMID: 25635053 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.614750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbindin and DISC1 are schizophrenia susceptibility factors playing roles in neuronal development. Here we show that the physical interaction between dysbindin and DISC1 is critical for the stability of dysbindin and for the process of neurite outgrowth. We found that DISC1 forms a complex with dysbindin and increases its stability in association with a reduction in ubiquitylation. Furthermore, knockdown of DISC1 or expression of a deletion mutant, DISC1 lacking amino acid residues 403-504 of DISC1 (DISC1(Δ403-504)), effectively decreased levels of endogenous dysbindin. Finally, the neurite outgrowth defect induced by knockdown of DISC1 was partially reversed by coexpression of dysbindin. Taken together, these results indicate that dysbindin and DISC1 form a physiologically functional complex that is essential for normal neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol-Ae Lee
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Mo Kim
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Suh
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Sun
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Un Park
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Hong
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Cana Park
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada, and
| | - Koh-Ichi Nagata
- the Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
| | - Joo-Yeon Yoo
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea,
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Yuan Y, Wang H, Wei Z, Li W. Impaired autophagy in hilar mossy cells of the dentate gyrus and its implication in schizophrenia. J Genet Genomics 2014; 42:1-8. [PMID: 25619597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex disease that has been regarded as a neurodevelopmental, synaptic or epigenetic disorder. Here we provide evidence that neurodegeneration is implicated in SCZ. The DTNBP1 (dystrobrevin-binding protein 1) gene encodes dysbindin-1 and is a leading susceptibility gene of SCZ. We previously reported that the dysbindin-1C isoform regulates the survival of the hilar glutamatergic mossy cells in the dentate gyrus, which controls the adult hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of hilar mossy cell loss in the dysbindin-1-deficient sandy (sdy) mice (a mouse model of SCZ) is unknown. In this study, we did not observe the apoptotic signals in the hilar mossy cells of the sdy mice by using the TUNEL assay and immunostaining of cleaved caspase-3 or necdin, a dysbindin-1- and p53-interacting protein required for neuronal survival. However, we found that the steady-state level of LC3-II, a marker of autophagosomes, was decreased in the hippocampal formation in the mice lacking dysbindin-1C. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction of the cytosolic LC3-II puncta in the mossy cells of sdy mice. In addition, overexpression of dysbindin-1C, but not 1A, in cultured cells increased LC3-II level and the LC3 puncta in the transfected cells. These results suggest that dysbindin-1C deficiency causes impaired autophagy, which is likely implicated in the pathogenesis of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zongbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China.
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Shintani N, Onaka Y, Hashimoto R, Takamura H, Nagata T, Umeda-Yano S, Mouri A, Mamiya T, Haba R, Matsuzaki S, Katayama T, Yamamori H, Nakazawa T, Nagayasu K, Ago Y, Yagasaki Y, Nabeshima T, Takeda M, Hashimoto H. Behavioral characterization of mice overexpressing human dysbindin-1. Mol Brain 2014; 7:74. [PMID: 25298178 PMCID: PMC4201722 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-014-0074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dysbindin-1 gene (DTNBP1: dystrobrevin binding protein 1) is a promising schizophrenia susceptibility gene, known to localize almost exclusively to neurons in the brain, and participates in the regulation of neurotransmitter release, membrane-surface receptor expression, and synaptic plasticity. Sandy mice, with spontaneous Dtnbp1 deletion, display behavioral abnormalities relevant to symptoms of schizophrenia. However, it remains unknown if dysbindin-1 gain-of-function is beneficial or detrimental. Results To answer this question and gain further insight into the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of dysbindin-1, we developed transgenic mice expressing human DTNBP1 (Dys1A-Tg) and analyzed their behavioral phenotypes. Dys1A-Tg mice were born viable in the expected Mendelian ratios, apparently normal and fertile. Primary screening of behavior and function showed a marginal change in limb grasping in Dys1A-Tg mice. In addition, Dys1A-Tg mice exhibited increased hyperlocomotion after methamphetamine injection. Transcriptomic analysis identified several up- and down-regulated genes, including the immediate-early genes Arc and Egr2, in the prefrontal cortex of Dys1A-Tg mice. Conclusions The present findings in Dys1A-Tg mice support the role of dysbindin-1 in psychiatric disorders. The fact that either overexpression (Dys1A-Tg) or underexpression (Sandy) of dysbindin-1 leads to behavioral alterations in mice highlights the functional importance of dysbindin-1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Onaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hironori Takamura
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Satomi Umeda-Yano
- Department of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Mamiya
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan.
| | - Ryota Haba
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Matsuzaki
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Taiichi Katayama
- Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- iPS Cell-based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- iPS Cell-based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yagasaki
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Department of Regional Pharmaceutical Care & Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Takeda
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,iPS Cell-based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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D'Adamo P, Masetti M, Bianchi V, Morè L, Mignogna ML, Giannandrea M, Gatti S. RAB GTPases and RAB-interacting proteins and their role in the control of cognitive functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 2:302-14. [PMID: 24412241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A RAS-related class of small monomeric G proteins, the RAB GTPases, is emerging as of key biological importance in compartment specific directional control of vesicles formation, transport and fusion. Thanks to human genetic observation and to the consequent dedicated biochemical work, substantial progress has been made on the understanding of the role played by RAB GTPases and their effector proteins on neuronal development and the shaping of cognitive functions. This review is highlighting these initial elements to broaden the current scope of research on developmental cognitive deficits and take the point of view of RAB GTPases control on membrane transport in neurons and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia D'Adamo
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Michela Masetti
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Bianchi
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Morè
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lidia Mignogna
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maila Giannandrea
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA Neuroscience Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel CH4070, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Gatti
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA Neuroscience Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel CH4070, Switzerland
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Gherardini L, Bardi G, Gennaro M, Pizzorusso T. Novel siRNA delivery strategy: a new "strand" in CNS translational medicine? Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1-20. [PMID: 23508806 PMCID: PMC11113879 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference has been envisaged as a powerful tool for molecular and clinical investigation with a great potential for clinical applications. In recent years, increased understanding of cancer biology and stem cell biology has dramatically accelerated the development of technology for cell and gene therapy in these areas. This paper is a review of the most recent report of innovative use of siRNA to benefit several central nervous system diseases. Furthermore, a description is made of innovative strategies of delivery into the brain by means of viral and non-viral vectors with high potential for translation into clinical use. Problems are also highlighted that might hamper the transition from bench to bed, analyzing the lack of reliable preclinical models with predictive validity and the lack of effective delivery systems, which are able to overcome biological barriers and specifically reach the brain site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Bardi
- Center for MicroBioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Pope SM, Lässer C. Toxoplasma gondii infection of fibroblasts causes the production of exosome-like vesicles containing a unique array of mRNA and miRNA transcripts compared to serum starvation. J Extracell Vesicles 2013; 2:22484. [PMID: 24363837 PMCID: PMC3862870 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v2i0.22484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until recently thought to be of little significance unless occurring during pregnancy, Toxoplasma gondii infection of human hosts is now known to play a larger role in mental health and is a growing concern in the health care community. We sought to elucidate a possible mechanism by which Toxoplasma infection may cause some of the behavioural pathology now associated with infection. We hypothesized that exosomes may be playing a role. METHODS We utilized electron microscopy to detect the presence and size of extracellular vesicles in the supernatants of Toxoplasma-infected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). We then utilized microarray analysis to discern mRNA and miRNA content of the vesicles isolated from supernatants of Toxoplasma-infected (Toxo) and serum-starved (SS) HFF. RESULTS We recovered extracellular vesicles with a size consistent with exosomes that we called exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) from the supernatants of SS and Toxo cultures. The mRNA and miRNA content of these ELVs was highly regulated creating specific and unique expression profiles comparing Toxo ELVs, SS ELVs and RNA isolated from whole cell homogenates. Interestingly, among the most enriched mRNA isolated from ELVs of Toxo cells are 4 specific mRNA species that have been described in the literature as having neurologic activity: Rab-13, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1, thymosin beta 4 and LLP homolog. In addition, miRNA species uniquely expressed in Toxo ELVs include miR-23b, a well-known regulator of IL-17. CONCLUSION While the production of ELVs containing mRNAs that modify behaviour are consistent with reported Toxoplasma pathology, the mechanism of enrichment and ultimate in vivo effect of these mRNA and miRNA containing ELVs remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Pope
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Krefting Research Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Orozco IJ, Koppensteiner P, Ninan I, Arancio O. The schizophrenia susceptibility gene DTNBP1 modulates AMPAR synaptic transmission and plasticity in the hippocampus of juvenile DBA/2J mice. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013; 58:76-84. [PMID: 24321452 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The dystrobrevin binding protein (DTNBP) 1 gene has emerged over the last decade as a potential susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. While no causative mutations have been found, reduced expression of the encoded protein, dysbindin, was reported in patients. Dysbindin likely plays a role in the neuronal trafficking of proteins including receptors. One important pathway suspected to be affected in schizophrenia is the fast excitatory glutamatergic transmission mediated by AMPA receptors. Here, we investigated excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity in hippocampal neurons from dysbindin-deficient sandy mice bred on the DBA/2J strain. In cultured neurons an enhancement of AMPAR responses was observed. The enhancement of AMPAR-mediated transmission was confirmed in hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses, and was not associated with changes in the expression of GluA1-4 subunits or an increase in GluR2-lacking receptor complexes. Lastly, an enhancement in LTP was also found in these mice. These data provide compelling evidence that dysbindin, a widely suspected susceptibility protein in schizophrenia, is important for AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity in the developing hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Orozco
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Peter Koppensteiner
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ipe Ninan
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Larimore J, Ryder PV, Kim KY, Ambrose LA, Chapleau C, Calfa G, Gross C, Bassell GJ, Pozzo-Miller L, Smith Y, Talbot K, Park IH, Faundez V. MeCP2 regulates the synaptic expression of a Dysbindin-BLOC-1 network component in mouse brain and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65069. [PMID: 23750231 PMCID: PMC3672180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical, epidemiological, and genetic evidence suggest overlapping pathogenic mechanisms between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. We tested this hypothesis by asking if mutations in the ASD gene MECP2 which cause Rett syndrome affect the expression of genes encoding the schizophrenia risk factor dysbindin, a subunit of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1), and associated interacting proteins. We measured mRNA and protein levels of key components of a dysbindin interaction network by, quantitative real time PCR and quantitative immunohistochemistry in hippocampal samples of wild-type and Mecp2 mutant mice. In addition, we confirmed results by performing immunohistochemistry of normal human hippocampus and quantitative qRT-PCR of human inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived human neurons from Rett syndrome patients. We defined the distribution of the BLOC-1 subunit pallidin in human and mouse hippocampus and contrasted this distribution with that of symptomatic Mecp2 mutant mice. Neurons from mutant mice and Rett syndrome patients displayed selectively reduced levels of pallidin transcript. Pallidin immunoreactivity decreased in the hippocampus of symptomatic Mecp2 mutant mice, a feature most prominent at asymmetric synapses as determined by immunoelectron microcopy. Pallidin immunoreactivity decreased concomitantly with reduced BDNF content in the hippocampus of Mecp2 mice. Similarly, BDNF content was reduced in the hippocampus of BLOC-1 deficient mice suggesting that genetic defects in BLOC-1 are upstream of the BDNF phenotype in Mecp2 deficient mice. Our results demonstrate that the ASD-related gene Mecp2 regulates the expression of components belonging to the dysbindin interactome and these molecular differences may contribute to synaptic phenotypes that characterize Mecp2 deficiencies and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Larimore
- Department of Biology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pearl V. Ryder
- Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kun-Yong Kim
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - L. Alex Ambrose
- Department of Biology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christopher Chapleau
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gaston Calfa
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christina Gross
- Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lucas Pozzo-Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yoland Smith
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Victor Faundez
- Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Tapias V, Greenamyre JT, Watkins SC. Automated imaging system for fast quantitation of neurons, cell morphology and neurite morphometry in vivo and in vitro. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 54:158-68. [PMID: 23220621 PMCID: PMC3604080 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitation of neurons using stereologic approaches reduces bias and systematic error, but is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Accurate methods for quantifying neurons in vitro are lacking; conventional methodologies are limited in reliability and application. The morphological properties of the soma and neurites are a key aspect of neuronal phenotype and function, but the assays commonly used in such evaluations are beset with several methodological drawbacks. Herein we describe automated techniques to quantify the number and morphology of neurons (or any cell type, e.g., astrocytes) and their processes with high speed and accuracy. Neuronal quantification from brain tissue using a motorized stage system yielded results that were statistically comparable to those generated by stereology. The approach was then adapted for in vitro neuron and neurite outgrowth quantification. To determine the utility of our methods, rotenone was used as a neurotoxicant leading to morphological changes in neurons and cell death, astrocytic activation, and loss of neurites. Importantly, our technique counted about 8 times as many neurons in less than 5-10% of the time taken by manual stereological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tapias
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Lu X, Wang Y, Duan Y, Cheng C, Shen A. SCYL1BP1 modulates neurite outgrowth and regeneration by regulating the Mdm2/p53 pathway. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:4506-14. [PMID: 23051735 PMCID: PMC3510013 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-05-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SCYL1BP1 is a new regulator of the p53 pathway, which is required for neurite outgrowth and regeneration. SCYL1BP1 suppresses neurite outgrowth by directly inducing Mdm2 transcription and consequently p53 inhibition, suggesting that it might be a novel transcriptional regulator for regulating neurite outgrowth and regeneration. SCY1-like 1–binding protein 1 (SCYL1BP1) is a newly identified transcriptional activator domain containing a protein with many unknown biological functions. Recently emerging evidence has revealed that it is a novel regulator of the p53 pathway, which is required for neurite outgrowth and regeneration. Here we present evidence that SCYL1BP1 inhibits nerve growth factor–mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and affects morphogenesis of primary cortical neurons by strongly decreasing the p53 protein level in vitro, all of which depends on SCYL1BP1's transcriptional activator domain. Exogenous p53 rescues neurite outgrowth and neuronal morphogenesis defects caused by SCYL1BP1. Furthermore, SCYL1BP1 can directly induce Mdm2 transcription, whereas inhibiting the function of Mdm2 by specific small interfering RNAs results in partial rescue of neurite outgrowth and neuronal morphogenesis defects induced by SCYL1BP1. In vivo experiments show that SCYL1BP1 can also depress axonal regeneration, whereas inhibiting the function of SCYL1BP1 by specific short hairpin RNA enhances it. Taken together, these data strongly suggested that SCYL1BP1 is a novel transcriptional activator in neurite outgrowth by directly modulating the Mdm2/p53-dependent pathway, which might play an important role in CNS development and axonal regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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48
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Di Giovanni S, Rathore K. p53-Dependent pathways in neurite outgrowth and axonal regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349:87-95. [PMID: 22271139 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a multifunctional sensor of a number of cellular signals and pathways essential for cell biology, including DNA damage, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and cell metabolism. In the last few years, a novel role for p53 in neurobiology has emerged, which includes a role in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and axonal regeneration. p53 integrates a number of extracellular signals that involve neurotrophins and axon guidance cues to modulate the cytoskeletal response associated with neurite outgrowth at both the transcriptional and post-translational level. Here, we review our current knowledge of this topic and speculate about future research directions that involve p53 and related molecular pathways and that might advance our understanding of neurite outgrowth and axonal regeneration at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Giovanni
- Laboratory for NeuroRegeneration and Repair, Hertie Institute for Clinical and Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Quadrato G, Di Giovanni S. Gatekeeper between quiescence and differentiation: p53 in axonal outgrowth and neurogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23206596 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398309-1.00005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor and tumor suppressor gene p53 regulates a wide range of cellular processes including DNA damage/repair, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and cell metabolism. In the past several years, a specific novel role for p53 in neuronal biology has emerged. p53 orchestrates the polarity of self-renewing divisions in neural stem cells both during embryonic development and in adulthood and coordinates the timing for cell fate specification. In postmitotic neurons, p53 regulates neurite outgrowth and postinjury axonal regeneration via neurotrophin-dependent and -independent signaling by both transcriptional and posttranslational control of growth cone remodeling. This review provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms upstream and downstream p53 both during neural development and following axonal injury. Their understanding may provide therapeutic targets to enhance neuroregeneration following nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Quadrato
- Laboratory for NeuroRegeneration and Repair, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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