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Mir MM, Alfaifi J, Sohail SK, Rizvi SF, Akhtar MT, Alghamdi MAA, Mir R, Wani JI, Sabah ZU, Alhumaydhi FA, Alremthi F, AlQahtani AAJ, Alharthi MH, Adam MIE, Elfaki I, Sonpol HMA. The Role of Pro-Inflammatory Chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5 in the Etiopathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Subjects from the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: Correlation with Different Degrees of Obesity. J Pers Med 2024; 14:743. [PMID: 39063997 PMCID: PMC11277753 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming a major global health concern, especially in developing nations. The high prevalence of obesity and related diabetes cases are attributed to rapid economic progress, physical inactivity, the consumption of high-calorie foods, and changing lifestyles. OBJECTIVES We investigated the roles of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL1, 2, 4, and 5 in T2DM with varying levels of obesity in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 170 confirmed T2DM subjects and a normal control group were enrolled. Demographic data, serum levels of CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5, and biochemical indices were assessed in the subjects and control groups by standard procedures. RESULTS T2DM subjects were divided into four groups: A (normal body weight), B (overweight), C (obese), and D (highly obese). We observed that male and female control subjects had similar mean serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5. T2DM subjects in all the four groups showed significantly higher levels of all the four chemokines compared to the controls, regardless of gender. In T2DM subjects with obesity and severe obesity, the rise was most significant. There was a progressive rise in the concentrations of CCL-1, 2, and 4 in T2DM subjects with increasing BMI. Serum CCL5 levels increased significantly in all T2DM subject groups. The increase in CCL5 was more predominant in normal-weight people, compared to overweight and obese T2DM subjects. CONCLUSIONS Male and female control subjects had similar serum levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5. The progressive rise in blood concentrations of three pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, and 4 in T2DM subjects with increasing BMI supports the idea that dyslipidemia and obesity contribute to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Serum CCL5 levels increased significantly in all T2DM subject groups. The selective and more pronounced increase in CCL5 in the T2DM group with normal BMI, compared to subjects with varying degrees of obesity, was rather surprising. Further research is needed to determine if CCL5 underexpression in overweight and obese T2DM subjects is due to some unexplained counterbalancing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Muzaffar Mir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.S.); (S.F.R.); (H.M.A.S.)
| | - Jaber Alfaifi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shahzada Khalid Sohail
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.S.); (S.F.R.); (H.M.A.S.)
| | - Syeda Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.S.); (S.F.R.); (H.M.A.S.)
| | - Md Tanwir Akhtar
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 93499, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mushabab Ayed Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.A.); (A.A.J.A.)
| | - Rashid Mir
- Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Department of MLT, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Javed Iqbal Wani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (J.I.W.); (Z.U.S.)
| | - Zia Ul Sabah
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (J.I.W.); (Z.U.S.)
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad Alremthi
- Diabetes and Endocrine Center, King Abdullah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - AbdulElah Al Jarallah AlQahtani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.A.); (A.A.J.A.)
| | - Muffarah Hamid Alharthi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hany M. A. Sonpol
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.S.); (S.F.R.); (H.M.A.S.)
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Badillo-Garcia LE, Liu Q, Ziebner K, Balduff M, Sevastyanova T, Schmuttermaier C, Klüter H, Harmsen M, Kzhyshkowska J. Hyperglycemia amplifies TLR-mediated inflammatory response of M(IL4) macrophages to dyslipidemic ligands. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:197-204. [PMID: 38427690 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is critical for initiation of diabetic vascular complications. We systemically addressed the role of hyperglycemia in the regulation of TLRs in primary human macrophages. Expression of TLRs (1-9) was examined in monocyte-derived M(NC), M(IFNγ), and M(IL4) differentiated in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Hyperglycemia increased expression of TLR1 and TLR8 in M(NC), TLR2 and TLR6 in M(IFNγ), and TLR4 and TLR5 in M(IL4). The strongest effect of hyperglycemia in M(IL4) was the upregulation of the TLR4 gene and protein expression. Hyperglycemia amplified TLR4-mediated response of M(IL4) to lipopolysaccharide by significantly enhancing IL1β and modestly suppressing IL10 production. In M(IL4), hyperglycemia in combination with synthetic triacylated lipopeptide (TLR1/TLR2 ligand) amplified expression of TLR4 and production of IL1β. In summary, hyperglycemia enhanced the inflammatory potential of homeostatic, inflammatory, and healing macrophages by increasing specific profiles of TLRs. In combination with dyslipidemic ligands, hyperglycemia can stimulate a low-grade inflammatory program in healing macrophages supporting vascular diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ernesto Badillo-Garcia
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Quan Liu
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Kim Ziebner
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Michael Balduff
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Tatyana Sevastyanova
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Christina Schmuttermaier
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 107, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Martin Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 107, Mannheim 68167, Germany
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Pozzi S, Satchi-Fainaro R. The role of CCL2/CCR2 axis in cancer and inflammation: The next frontier in nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115318. [PMID: 38643840 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The communication between cells and their microenvironment represents an intrinsic and essential attribute that takes place in several biological processes, including tissue homeostasis and tissue repair. Among these interactions, inflammation is certainly a central biological response that occurs through cytokines and the crosstalk with their respective receptors. In particular, the interaction between CCL2 and its main receptor, CCR2, plays a pivotal role in both harmful and protective inflammatory states, including cancer-mediated inflammation. The activation of the CCL2/CCR2 axis was shown to dictate the migration of macrophages with immune-suppressive phenotype and to aggravate the progression of different cancer types. In addition, this interaction mediates metastasis formation, further limiting the potential therapeutic outcome of anti-cancer drugs. Attempts to inhibit pharmacologically the CCL2/CCR2 axis have yet to show its anti-cancer efficacy as a single agent, but it sheds light on its role as a powerful tool to selectively alleviate pro-tumorigenic and anti-repair inflammation. In this review, we will elucidate the role of CCL2/CCR2 axis in promoting cancer inflammation by activating the host pro-tumorigenic phenotype. Moreover, we will provide some insight into the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting the CCL2/CCR2 axis for cancer and inflammation using novel delivery systems, aiming to sensitize non-responders to currently approved immunotherapies and offer new combinatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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Chung K, Ullah I, Yi Y, Kang E, Yun G, Heo S, Kim M, Chung SE, Park S, Lim J, Lee M, Rhim T, Lee SK. Intranasal Delivery of Anti-Apoptotic siRNA Complexed with Fas-Signaling Blocking Peptides Attenuates Cellular Apoptosis in Brain Ischemia. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:290. [PMID: 38399343 PMCID: PMC10892455 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke-induced neuronal cell death leads to the permanent impairment of brain function. The Fas-mediating extrinsic apoptosis pathway and the cytochrome c-mediating intrinsic apoptosis pathway are two major molecular mechanisms contributing to neuronal injury in ischemic stroke. In this study, we employed a Fas-blocking peptide (FBP) coupled with a positively charged nona-arginine peptide (9R) to form a complex with negatively charged siRNA targeting Bax (FBP9R/siBax). This complex is specifically designed to deliver siRNA to Fas-expressing ischemic brain cells. This complex enables the targeted inhibition of Fas-mediating extrinsic apoptosis pathways and cytochrome c-mediating intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Specifically, the FBP targets the Fas/Fas ligand signaling, while siBax targets Bax involved in mitochondria disruption in the intrinsic pathway. The FBP9R carrier system enables the delivery of functional siRNA to hypoxic cells expressing the Fas receptor on their surface-a finding validated through qPCR and confocal microscopy analyses. Through intranasal (IN) administration of FBP9R/siCy5 to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemic rat models, brain imaging revealed the complex specifically localized to the Fas-expressing infarcted region but did not localize in the non-infarcted region of the brain. A single IN administration of FBP9R/siBax demonstrated a significant reduction in neuronal cell death by effectively inhibiting Fas signaling and preventing the release of cytochrome c. The targeted delivery of FBP9R/siBax represents a promising alternative strategy for the treatment of brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunho Chung
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yujong Yi
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Eunhwa Kang
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Gyeongju Yun
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Seoyoun Heo
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Seong-Eun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Jaeyeoung Lim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Taiyoun Rhim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (K.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.H.)
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Carpi S, Quarta S, Doccini S, Saviano A, Marigliano N, Polini B, Massaro M, Carluccio MA, Calabriso N, Wabitsch M, Santorelli FM, Cecchini M, Maione F, Nieri P, Scoditti E. Tanshinone IIA and Cryptotanshinone Counteract Inflammation by Regulating Gene and miRNA Expression in Human SGBS Adipocytes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1029. [PMID: 37509065 PMCID: PMC10377153 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the adipose tissue contributes to the onset and progression of several chronic obesity-related diseases. The two most important lipophilic diterpenoid compounds found in the root of Salvia milthorrhiza Bunge (also called Danshen), tanshinone IIA (TIIA) and cryptotanshinone (CRY), have many favorable pharmacological effects. However, their roles in obesity-associated adipocyte inflammation and related sub-networks have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the gene, miRNAs and protein expression profile of prototypical obesity-associated dysfunction markers in inflamed human adipocytes treated with TIIA and CRY. The results showed that TIIA and CRY prevented tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced inflammatory response in adipocytes, by counter-regulating the pattern of secreted cytokines/chemokines associated with adipocyte inflammation (CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL1/GRO-α, IL-6, IL-8, MIF and PAI-1/Serpin E1) via the modulation of gene expression (as demonstrated for CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL1/GRO-α, and IL-8), as well as related miRNA expression (miR-126-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-132-3p), and by attenuating monocyte recruitment. This is the first demonstration of a beneficial effect by TIIA and CRY on adipocyte dysfunction associated with obesity development and complications, offering a new outlook for the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carpi
- Science of Health Department, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Quarta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Doccini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Marigliano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Calabriso
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Hirao H, Kageyama S, Nakamura K, Kadono K, Kojima H, Siyuan Y, Farmer DG, Kaldas FM, Dery KJ, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Recipient TIM4 signaling regulates ischemia reperfusion-induced ER stress and metabolic responses in liver transplantation: from mouse-to-human. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1176384. [PMID: 38993869 PMCID: PMC11235257 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1176384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin (Tim)4 is expressed on APCs, including macrophages, as one of the main amplifiers in the mechanism of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Though donor Tim4 selectively expressed on Kupffer cells serves as a checkpoint regulator of innate immune-driven IRI cascades, its role on cells outside the OLT remains unclear. To dissect the role of donor vs. recipient-specific Tim4 signaling in IR-induced stress and hepatocellular function, we employed a murine OLT model utilizing Tim4-knockout (KO) mice as either donor or recipient (WT → WT, WT → Tim4-KO, Tim4-KO → WT). In the experimental arm, disruption of donor Tim4 attenuated IRI-OLT damage, while recipient Tim4-null mutation aggravated hepatic IRI concomitant with disturbed lipid metabolism, enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress, and activated pro-apoptotic signaling in the grafts. In the in vitro study, murine hepatocytes co-cultured with Tim4-null adipose tissue showed enhanced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression pattern and susceptibility to hepatocellular death accompanied by activated caspase cascade in response to TNF-α stimulation. In the clinical arm, liver grafts from forty-one transplant patients with enhanced TIM4 expression showed higher body mass index, augmented hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress, enhanced pro-apoptotic markers, upregulated innate/adaptive immune responses, exacerbated hepatocellular damage, and inferior graft survival. In conclusion, although TIM4 is considered a principal villain in peri-transplant early tissue injury, recipient TIM4 signaling may serve as a savior of IR-triggered metabolic stress in mouse and human OLT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hirao
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hidenobu Kojima
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yao Siyuan
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Douglas G. Farmer
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fady M. Kaldas
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Dery
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Chavakis T, Alexaki VI, Ferrante AW. Macrophage function in adipose tissue homeostasis and metabolic inflammation. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:757-766. [PMID: 37012544 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related metabolic organ inflammation contributes to cardiometabolic disorders. In obese individuals, changes in lipid fluxes and storage elicit immune responses in the adipose tissue (AT), including expansion of immune cell populations and qualitative changes in the function of these cells. Although traditional models of metabolic inflammation posit that these immune responses disturb metabolic organ function, studies now suggest that immune cells, especially AT macrophages (ATMs), also have important adaptive functions in lipid homeostasis in states in which the metabolic function of adipocytes is taxed. Adverse consequences of AT metabolic inflammation might result from failure to maintain local lipid homeostasis and long-term effects on immune cells beyond the AT. Here we review the complex function of ATMs in AT homeostasis and metabolic inflammation. Additionally, we hypothesize that trained immunity, which involves long-term functional adaptations of myeloid cells and their bone marrow progenitors, can provide a model by which metabolic perturbations trigger chronic systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anthony W Ferrante
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Li X, Ren Y, Chang K, Wu W, Griffiths HR, Lu S, Gao D. Adipose tissue macrophages as potential targets for obesity and metabolic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1153915. [PMID: 37153549 PMCID: PMC10154623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1153915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue is a key pathological factor inducing adipose tissue dysfunction and contributing to obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic disorders. In this review, we aim to present the most recent research on macrophage heterogeneity in adipose tissue, with a focus on the molecular targets applied to macrophages as potential therapeutics for metabolic diseases. We begin by discussing the recruitment of macrophages and their roles in adipose tissue. While resident adipose tissue macrophages display an anti-inflammatory phenotype and promote the development of metabolically favorable beige adipose tissue, an increase in pro-inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue has negative effects on adipose tissue function, including inhibition of adipogenesis, promotion of inflammation, insulin resistance, and fibrosis. Then, we presented the identities of the newly discovered adipose tissue macrophage subtypes (e.g. metabolically activated macrophages, CD9+ macrophages, lipid-associated macrophages, DARC+ macrophages, and MFehi macrophages), the majority of which are located in crown-like structures within adipose tissue during obesity. Finally, we discussed macrophage-targeting strategies to ameliorate obesity-related inflammation and metabolic abnormalities, with a focus on transcriptional factors such as PPARγ, KLF4, NFATc3, and HoxA5, which promote macrophage anti-inflammatory M2 polarization, as well as TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways that activate pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. In addition, a number of intracellular metabolic pathways closely associated with glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, nutrient sensing, and circadian clock regulation were examined. Understanding the complexities of macrophage plasticity and functionality may open up new avenues for the development of macrophage-based treatments for obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirong Li
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yakun Ren
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Kewei Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Shemin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
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9
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Iliuta IA, Song X, Pickel L, Haghighi A, Retnakaran R, Scholey J, Sung HK, Steinberg GR, Pei Y. Shared pathobiology identifies AMPK as a therapeutic target for obesity and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:962933. [PMID: 36106024 PMCID: PMC9467623 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.962933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common Mendelian kidney disease, affecting approximately one in 1,000 births and accounting for 5% of end-stage kidney disease in developed countries. The pathophysiology of ADPKD is strongly linked to metabolic dysregulation, which may be secondary to defective polycystin function. Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in patients with ADPKD and constitute an independent risk factor for progression. Recent studies have highlighted reduced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction as shared pathobiology between ADPKD and overweight/obesity. Notably, mTOR and AMPK are two diametrically opposed sensors of energy metabolism that regulate cell growth and proliferation. However, treatment with the current generation of mTOR inhibitors is poorly tolerated due to their toxicity, making clinical translation difficult. By contrast, multiple preclinical and clinical studies have shown that pharmacological activation of AMPK provides a promising approach to treat ADPKD. In this narrative review, we summarize the pleiotropic functions of AMPK as a regulator of cellular proliferation, macromolecule metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis, and discuss the potential for pharmacological activation of AMPK to treat ADPKD and obesity-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan-Andrei Iliuta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xuewen Song
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Pickel
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amirreza Haghighi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Scholey
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - York Pei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: York Pei,
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10
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Naiel MAE, Negm SS, Ghazanfar S, Shukry M, Abdelnour SA. The risk assessment of high-fat diet in farmed fish and its mitigation approaches: A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 107:948-969. [PMID: 35934925 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the era of intensification of fish farms, the high-fat diet (HFD) has been applied to promote growth and productivity, provide additional energy and substitute partial protein in fish feeds. Certainly, HFD within specific concentrations was found to be beneficial in boosting fish performance throughout a short-term feeding. However, excessive dietary fat levels displayed vast undesirable impacts on growth, feed efficiency, liver function, antioxidant capacity and immune function and finally reduced the economic revenue of cultured fish. Moreover, studies have shown that fish diets containing a high level of fats resulted in increasing lipid accumulation, stimulated endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppressed autophagy in fish liver. Investigations showed that HFD could impair the intestinal barrier of fish via triggering inflammation, metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and microbiota imbalance. Several approaches have been widely used for reducing the undesirable influences of HFD in fish. Dietary manipulation could mitigate the adverse impacts triggered by HFD, and boost growth and productivity via reducing blood lipids profile, attenuating oxidative stress and hepatic lipid deposition and improving mitochondrial activity, immune function and antioxidant activity in fish. As well, dietary feed additives have been shown to decrease hepatic lipogenesis and modulate the inflammatory response in fish. Based on the literature, previous studies indicated that phytochemicals could reduce apoptosis and enhance the immunity of fish fed with HFD. Thus, the present review will explore the potential hazards of HFD on fish species. It will also provide light on the possibility of employing some safe feed additives to mitigate HFD risks in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A E Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar S Negm
- Fish Biology and Ecology Department, Central Lab for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Abassa, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute for Genomics Advanced and Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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11
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Shu Z, Zhang G, Zhu X, Xiong W. Estrogen receptor α mediated M1/M2 macrophages polarization plays a critical role in NASH of female mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 596:63-70. [PMID: 35114586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Owing to lacking protective effect of estrogen, OVX mice have higher risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared with normal female mice, when fed with high fat diet. Our study was to explore how estrogen protect against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in female mice. We found that, lacking estrogen, M1 macrphages was activated and promoted steatohepatitis in obese OVX mice. And, ERα was responsible for estrogen to inhibit M1 macrphages activation and steatohepatitis. ERα knockdown aggravated M1 macrophages infiltration by transcriptionally upregulated its CCR2 expression. CCR2 antagonist effectively improved nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, ER stress and insulin resistance in ERα knockdown obese female mice. These results demonstrated ERα mediated M1 macrophages activation played a key role in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Shu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guopeng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Wenqian Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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12
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Ren Y, Zhao H, Yin C, Lan X, Wu L, Du X, Griffiths HR, Gao D. Adipokines, Hepatokines and Myokines: Focus on Their Role and Molecular Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873699. [PMID: 35909571 PMCID: PMC9329830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) is a hallmark of obesity and contributes to various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation in ATs is characterized by macrophage infiltration and the activation of inflammatory pathways mediated by NF-κB, JNK, and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines - proteins secreted from AT, the liver and skeletal muscle play regulatory roles in AT inflammation via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. For example, obesity is associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines (e.g., leptin, resistin, chemerin, progranulin, RBP4, WISP1, FABP4, PAI-1, Follistatin-like1, MCP-1, SPARC, SPARCL1, and SAA) and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines such as adiponectin, omentin, ZAG, SFRP5, CTRP3, vaspin, and IL-10. Moreover, some hepatokines (Fetuin A, DPP4, FGF21, GDF15, and MANF) and myokines (irisin, IL-6, and DEL-1) also play pro- or anti-inflammatory roles in AT inflammation. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of these organokines and their role in AT inflammation and related metabolic abnormalities. It serves to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these organokines and their clinical significance. Insights into the roles and mechanisms of these organokines could provide novel and potential therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Ren
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Litao Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Gao,
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13
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Abstract
Cell membrane fusion and multinucleation in macrophages are associated with physiologic homeostasis as well as disease. Osteoclasts are multinucleated macrophages that resorb bone through increased metabolic activity resulting from cell fusion. Fusion of macrophages also generates multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese individuals. For years, our knowledge of MGCs in WAT has been limited to their description as part of crown-like structures (CLS) surrounding damaged adipocytes. However, recent evidence indicates that these cells can phagocytose oversized lipid remnants, suggesting that, as in osteoclasts, cell fusion and multinucleation are required for specialized catabolic functions. We thus reason that WAT MGCs can be viewed as functionally analogous to osteoclasts and refer to them in this article as adipoclasts. We first review current knowledge on adipoclasts and their described functions. In view of recent advances in single cell genomics, we describe WAT macrophages from a ‘fusion perspective’ and speculate on the ontogeny of adipoclasts. Specifically, we highlight the role of CD9 and TREM2, two plasma membrane markers of lipid-associated macrophages in WAT, which have been previously described as regulators of fusion and multinucleation in osteoclasts and MGCs. Finally, we consider whether strategies aiming to target WAT macrophages can be more selectively directed against adipoclasts.
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14
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O'Brien CJO, Haberman ER, Domingos AI. A Tale of Three Systems: Toward a Neuroimmunoendocrine Model of Obesity. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 37:549-573. [PMID: 34613819 PMCID: PMC7614880 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120319-114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is on the rise. What was once considered a simple disease of energy imbalance is now recognized as a complex condition perpetuated by neuro- and immunopathologies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms underlying obesity. We examine the pleiotropic effects of leptin action in addition to its established role in the modulation of appetite, and we discuss the neural circuitry mediating leptin action and how this is altered with obesity, both centrally (leptin resistance) and in adipose tissues (sympathetic neuropathy). Finally, we dissect the numerous causal and consequential roles of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity and highlight recent key studies demonstrating their direct role in organismal energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conan J O O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
| | - Emma R Haberman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
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15
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Zhen Y, Shu W, Hou X, Wang Y. Innate Immune System Orchestrates Metabolic Homeostasis and Dysfunction in Visceral Adipose Tissue During Obesity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702835. [PMID: 34421909 PMCID: PMC8377368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arising incidence of metabolic disorders and related diseases caused by obesity is a global health concern. Elucidating the role of the immune system in this process will help to understand the related mechanisms and develop treatment strategies. Here, we have focused on innate immune cells in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and summarized the roles of these cells in maintaining the homeostasis of VAT. Furthermore, this review reveals the importance of quantitative and functional changes of innate immune cells when the metabolic microenvironment changes due to obesity or excess lipids, and confirms that these changes eventually lead to the occurrence of chronic inflammation and metabolic diseases of VAT. Two perspectives are reviewed, which include sequential changes in various innate immune cells in the steady state of VAT and its imbalance during obesity. Cross-sectional interactions between various innate immune cells at the same time point are also reviewed. Through delineation of a comprehensive perspective of VAT homeostasis in obesity-induced chronic inflammation, and ultimately metabolic dysfunction and disease, we expect to clarify the complex interactive networks among distinct cell populations and propose that these interactions should be taken into account in the development of biotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wentao Shu
- Department of Biobank, Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xintong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Biobank, Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Cox N, Crozet L, Holtman IR, Loyher PL, Lazarov T, White JB, Mass E, Stanley ER, Elemento O, Glass CK, Geissmann F. Diet-regulated production of PDGFcc by macrophages controls energy storage. Science 2021; 373:373/6550/eabe9383. [PMID: 34210853 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which macrophages regulate energy storage remain poorly understood. We identify in a genetic screen a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-family ortholog, Pvf3, that is produced by macrophages and is required for lipid storage in fat-body cells of Drosophila larvae. Genetic and pharmacological experiments indicate that the mouse Pvf3 ortholog PDGFcc, produced by adipose tissue-resident macrophages, controls lipid storage in adipocytes in a leptin receptor- and C-C chemokine receptor type 2-independent manner. PDGFcc production is regulated by diet and acts in a paracrine manner to control lipid storage in adipose tissues of newborn and adult mice. At the organismal level upon PDGFcc blockade, excess lipids are redirected toward thermogenesis in brown fat. These data identify a macrophage-dependent mechanism, conducive to the design of pharmacological interventions, that controls energy storage in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah Cox
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lucile Crozet
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Inge R Holtman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pierre-Louis Loyher
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jessica B White
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elvira Mass
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Developmental Biology of the Immune System, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
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17
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Abstract
Adipose tissue–resident macrophages promote lipid storage in mice but can be stopped with antibody treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Conan J O O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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18
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Single-cell sequencing of human white adipose tissue identifies new cell states in health and obesity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:639-653. [PMID: 33907320 PMCID: PMC8102391 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is an essential regulator of energy storage and systemic metabolic homeostasis. Regulatory networks consisting of immune and structural cells are necessary to maintain WAT metabolism, which can become impaired during obesity in mammals. Using single-cell transcriptomics and flow cytometry, we unveil a large-scale comprehensive cellular census of the stromal vascular fraction of healthy lean and obese human WAT. We report new subsets and developmental trajectories of adipose-resident innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells and monocyte-derived macrophage populations that accumulate in obese WAT. Analysis of cell-cell ligand-receptor interactions and obesity-enriched signaling pathways revealed a switch from immunoregulatory mechanisms in lean WAT to inflammatory networks in obese WAT. These results provide a detailed and unbiased cellular landscape of homeostatic and inflammatory circuits in healthy human WAT.
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19
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Chan PC, Liao MT, Lu CH, Tian YF, Hsieh PS. Targeting inhibition of CCR5 on improving obesity-associated insulin resistance and impairment of pancreatic insulin secretion in high fat-fed rodent models. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173703. [PMID: 33159935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is closely linked with type 2 diabetes and the effective therapies on obesity-associated diabetes are under development. The aim of this study was undertaken to investigate whether the inhibition of the augmented CCR5-mediated signaling could be a common target for treatment of obesity-associated insulin resistance and impairment of pancreatic insulin secretion in high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats and CCR5 knockout mice and also in isolated islets and RIN-m5F cells. Conducted with SD rats, HFD-induced body weight gain was significantly decreased in those combined with Maraviroc treatment, but food intake remained similar compared to control. Maraviroc also significantly improved the impaired oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). As compared with wild-type mice, CCR5 deletion significantly attenuated the HFD-induced increases in glucose area under curve of OGTT and the value of HOMA-IR as well as plasma lipid profile. It also reversed the HFD-suppressed gene expressions of GLUT4 and IRS-1 in adipose tissue. On the other hand, the HFD-associated islet macrophage and T-cell infiltration were significantly decreased in CCR5 KO mice. H2O2 significantly suppressed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is isolated islets, which were significantly reversed in those cotreated with CCR5 mAb. H2O2 failed to change GSIS in those of CCR5 KO mice. The palmitate-induced reactive oxygen species production was significantly decreased in those cotreated with CCR5 antagonist in RIN-m5F cells. Collectively, it is suggested that targeting inhibition of the CCR5 mediated inflammatory pathway could not only improve obesity-associated insulin resistance but also directly alleviate pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chi Chan
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, 325, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hua Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, NDMC, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yung Kung Campus, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Preventive Medicine, NDMC, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Krskova K, Balazova L, Dobrocsyova V, Olszanecki R, Suski M, Chai SY, Zorad Š. Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase Inhibition Ameliorates Metabolism in Obese Zucker Rats. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:586225. [PMID: 33344504 PMCID: PMC7746680 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.586225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine the influence of inhibition of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase/oxytocinase (IRAP) on glucose tolerance and metabolism of skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in obese Zucker rats. Obese Zucker rats administered with IRAP inhibitor-HFI-419 at a dose of 29 μg/100 g BW/day by osmotic minipumps implanted subcutaneously for 2 weeks. Two-hour intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT) was performed in fasting rats. Plasma oxytocin levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay after plasma extraction. In the musculus quadriceps and epididymal adipose tissue, the expression of factors affecting tissue oxidative status and metabolism was determined by real-time qPCR and/or Western blot analysys. The plasma and tissue enzymatic activities were determined by colorimetric or fluorometric method. Circulated oxytocin levels in obese animals strongly tended to increase after HFI-419 administration. This was accompanied by significantly improved glucose utilization during ipGTT and decreased area under the curve (AUC) for glucose. In skeletal muscle IRAP inhibitor treatment up-regulated enzymes of antioxidant defense system - superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 and improved insulin signal transduction pathway. HFI-419 increased skeletal muscle aminopeptidase A expression and activity and normalized its plasma levels in obese animals. In epididymal adipose tissue, gene expression of markers of inflammation and adipocyte hypertrophy was down-regulated in obese rats after HFI-419 treatment. Our results demonstrate that IRAP inhibition improves whole-body glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant Zucker fatty rats and that this metabolic effect of HFI-419 involves ameliorated redox balance in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Krskova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Department of Endocrine Regulations and Psychofarmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Balazova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Department of Endocrine Regulations and Psychofarmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktoria Dobrocsyova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Department of Endocrine Regulations and Psychofarmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rafal Olszanecki
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Maciej Suski
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Siew Yeen Chai
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Štefan Zorad
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Department of Endocrine Regulations and Psychofarmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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21
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Hillers-Ziemer LE, Arendt LM. Weighing the Risk: effects of Obesity on the Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer Risk. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:115-131. [PMID: 32519090 PMCID: PMC7933979 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a preventable risk factor for breast cancer following menopause. Regardless of menopausal status, obese women who develop breast cancer have a worsened prognosis. Breast tissue is comprised of mammary epithelial cells organized into ducts and lobules and surrounded by adipose-rich connective tissue. Studies utilizing multiple in vivo models of obesity as well as human breast tissue have contributed to our understanding of how obesity alters mammary tissue. Localized changes in mammary epithelial cell populations, elevated secretion of adipokines and angiogenic mediators, inflammation within mammary adipose tissue, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix may result in an environment conducive to breast cancer growth. Despite these significant alterations caused by obesity within breast tissue, studies have suggested that some, but not all, obesity-induced changes may be mitigated with weight loss. Here, we review our current understanding regarding the impact of obesity on the breast microenvironment, how obesity-induced changes may contribute to breast tumor progression, and the impact of weight loss on the breast microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Hillers-Ziemer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Lisa M Arendt
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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22
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Takei A, Nagashima S, Takei S, Yamamuro D, Murakami A, Wakabayashi T, Isoda M, Yamazaki H, Ebihara C, Takahashi M, Ebihara K, Ishibashi S. Myeloid HMG-CoA Reductase Determines Adipose Tissue Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Hepatic Steatosis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:158-164. [PMID: 31690648 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are involved in the development of insulin resistance in obesity. We have recently shown that myeloid cell-specific reduction of HMG-CoA reductase (Hmgcr m-/m- ), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting macrophage migration in mice. We hypothesized that ATMs are harder to accumulate in Hmgcr m-/m- mice than in control Hmgcr fl/fl mice in the setting of obesity. To test this hypothesis, we fed Hmgcr m-/m- and Hmgcr fl/fl mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks and compared plasma glucose metabolism as well as insulin signaling and histology between the two groups. Myeloid cell-specific reduction of Hmgcr improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity without altering body weight in the HFD-induced obese mice. The improvement was due to a decrease in the number of ATMs. The ATMs were reduced by decreased recruitment of macrophages as a result of their impaired chemotactic activity. These changes were associated with decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissues. Myeloid cell-specific reduction of Hmgcr also attenuated hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, reducing myeloid HMGCR may be a promising strategy to improve insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nagashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shoko Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamuro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akiko Murakami
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Wakabayashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masayo Isoda
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hisataka Yamazaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ebihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Manabu Takahashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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23
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Cox N, Geissmann F. Macrophage ontogeny in the control of adipose tissue biology. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 62:1-8. [PMID: 31670115 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are found in large numbers in the adipose tissue where they closely associate with the adipocytes and the vasculature. Adipose tissue macrophages are a heterogenous population of cells with 'hard wired' diversity brought upon by distinct developmental lineages. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief history of macrophages in control of adipose tissue metabolism with the emphasis on the importance of macrophage ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah Cox
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
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24
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Scoditti E, Carpi S, Massaro M, Pellegrino M, Polini B, Carluccio MA, Wabitsch M, Verri T, Nieri P, De Caterina R. Hydroxytyrosol Modulates Adipocyte Gene and miRNA Expression Under Inflammatory Condition. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102493. [PMID: 31627295 PMCID: PMC6836288 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the adipose tissue (AT) is a major contributor to obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications. The olive oil polyphenol hydroxytyrosol (HT) contributes to Mediterranean diet cardiometabolic benefits through mechanisms still partially unknown. We investigated HT (1 and 10 μmol/L) effects on gene expression (mRNA and microRNA) related to inflammation induced by 10 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in human Simpson–Golabi–Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. At real-time PCR, HT significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced mRNA levels, of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, C-X-C Motif Ligand-10, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, vascular endothelial growth factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, cyclooxygenase-2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, matrix metalloproteinase-2, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-1, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and reverted the TNF-α-mediated inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α, and glucose transporter-4. We found similar effects in adipocytes stimulated by macrophage-conditioned media. Accordingly, HT significantly counteracted miR-155-5p, miR-34a-5p, and let-7c-5p expression in both cells and exosomes, and prevented NF-κB activation and production of reactive oxygen species. HT can therefore modulate adipocyte gene expression profile through mechanisms involving a reduction of oxidative stress and NF-κB inhibition. By such mechanisms, HT may blunt macrophage recruitment and improve AT inflammation, preventing the deregulation of pathways involved in obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Sara Carpi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Pellegrino
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Paola Nieri
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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25
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Augimeri G, Plastina P, Gionfriddo G, Rovito D, Giordano C, Fazio A, Barone I, Catalano S, Andò S, Bonofiglio D, Meijerink J, Witkamp R. N-Eicosapentaenoyl Dopamine, A Conjugate of Dopamine and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), Exerts Anti-inflammatory Properties in Mouse and Human Macrophages. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092247. [PMID: 31540502 PMCID: PMC6769480 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), contribute to a reduced inflammatory tone thereby lowering the risk for several chronic and degenerative diseases. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain these anti-inflammatory effects, including those involving endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like molecules. In this context, fatty acid amides (FAAs), conjugates of fatty acids with amines or amino acids, are an emerging class of compounds. Dopamine conjugates of DHA (N-docosahexaenoyl dopamine, DHDA) and EPA (N-eicosapentaenoyl dopamine, EPDA) have previously been shown to induce autophagy, apoptosis, and cell death in different tumor lines. Additionally, DHDA has displayed anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. Here, we tested the immune-modulatory properties of EPDA in mouse RAW 264.7 and human THP-1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). EPDA suppressed the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both cell lines, and nitric oxide (NO), and macrophage-inflammatory protein-3α (MIP3A) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. At a transcriptional level, EPDA attenuated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in both cell lines and that of MCP-1, IL-6, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in THP-1 macrophages. Although further research is needed to reveal whether EPDA is an endogenous metabolite, our data suggest that this EPA-derived conjugate possesses interesting immune-modulating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Giulia Gionfriddo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Daniela Rovito
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Alessia Fazio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (R.W.); Tel.: +39-0984-496208 (D.B.); +31-0317-485136 (R.W.)
| | - Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Renger Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (R.W.); Tel.: +39-0984-496208 (D.B.); +31-0317-485136 (R.W.)
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26
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Caslin HL, Hasty AH. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Immunometabolism Converge: Perspectives on Future Research and Therapeutic Development for Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:210-219. [PMID: 30919312 PMCID: PMC6661206 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Research over the past decade has shown that immunologic and metabolic pathways are intricately linked. This burgeoning field of immunometabolism includes intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and is known to be associated with obesity-accelerated metabolic disease. Intrinsic immunometabolism includes the study of fuel utilization and bioenergetic pathways that influence immune cell function. Extrinsic immunometabolism includes the study of immune cells and products that influence systemic metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Th2 immunity, macrophage iron handling, adaptive immune memory, and epigenetic regulation of immunity, which all require intrinsic metabolic changes, play a role in systemic metabolism and metabolic function, linking the two arms of immunometabolism. Together, this suggests that targeting intrinsic immunometabolism can directly affect immune function and ultimately systemic metabolism. We highlight important questions for future basic research that will help improve translational research and provide therapeutic targets to help establish new treatments for obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Caslin
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 813 Light Hall, 23rd Ave. South and Pierce, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 813 Light Hall, 23rd Ave. South and Pierce, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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27
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Obesity-Induced Adipose Tissue Inflammation as a Strong Promotional Factor for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070673. [PMID: 31277269 PMCID: PMC6678863 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to soon become the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. This may be due to the rising obesity prevalence, which is a recognized risk factor for PDAC. There is great interest in deciphering the underlying driving mechanisms of the obesity–PDAC link. Visceral adiposity has a strong correlation to certain metabolic diseases and gastrointestinal cancers, including PDAC. In fact, our own data strongly suggest that visceral adipose tissue inflammation is a strong promoter for PDAC growth and progression in a genetically engineered mouse model of PDAC and diet-induced obesity. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and PDAC development, with a focus on the key molecular and cellular components in the dysfunctional visceral adipose tissue, which provides a tumor permissive environment.
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28
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Sharma Y, Ahmad A, Yavvari PS, Kumar Muwal S, Bajaj A, Khan F. Targeted SHP-1 Silencing Modulates the Macrophage Phenotype, Leading to Metabolic Improvement in Dietary Obese Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:626-636. [PMID: 31108319 PMCID: PMC6526246 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic over-nutrition promotes adipocyte hypertrophy that creates inflammatory milieu leading to macrophage infiltration and their phenotypic switching during obesity. The SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) has been identified as an important player in inflammatory diseases involving macrophages. However, the role of SHP-1 in modulating the macrophage phenotype has not been elucidated yet. In the present work, we show that adipose tissue macrophage (ATM)-specific deletion of SHP-1 using glucan particle-loaded siRNA improves the metabolic phenotype in dietary obese insulin-resistant mice. The molecular mechanism involves AT remodeling via reducing crown-like structure formation and balancing the pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory macrophage (M2) population. Therefore, targeting ATM-specific SHP-1 using glucan-particle-loaded SHP-1 antagonists could be of immense therapeutic use for the treatment of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadhu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Altaf Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar Muwal
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre of Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre of Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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29
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Cione E, Plastina P, Pingitore A, Perri M, Caroleo MC, Fazio A, Witkamp R, Meijerink J. Capsaicin Analogues Derived from n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) Reduce Inflammatory Activity of Macrophages and Stimulate Insulin Secretion by β-Cells In Vitro. Nutrients 2019; 11:E915. [PMID: 31022842 PMCID: PMC6520993 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, two capsaicin analogues, N-eicosapentaenoyl vanillylamine (EPVA) and N-docosahexaenoyl vanillylamine (DHVA), were enzymatically synthesized from their corresponding n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both dietary relevant components. The compounds significantly reduced the production of some lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), macrophage-inflammatory protein-3α (CCL20) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2), by RAW264.7 macrophages. Next to this, only EPVA increased insulin secretion by pancreatic INS-1 832/13 β-cells, while raising intracellular Ca2+ and ATP concentrations. This suggests that the stimulation of insulin release occurs through an increase in the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio in the first phase, while is calcium-mediated in the second phase. Although it is not yet known whether EPVA is endogenously produced, its potential therapeutic value for diabetes treatment merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Attilio Pingitore
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Mariarita Perri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Alessia Fazio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Renger Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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30
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Increase of glandular epithelial cell clusters by an external volume expansion device promotes adipose tissue regeneration by recruiting macrophages. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181776. [PMID: 30760630 PMCID: PMC6390125 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a clinical need for the use of engineered adipose tissue in place of surgical reconstruction. We previously found that the external volume expansion (EVE) device increased special cell clusters in well-vascularized connective stroma during adipose regeneration. However, the origin of these cell clusters and their role in adipose tissue regeneration remain unknown. Aim: In the present study, we evaluated EVE in the construction of expanded prefabricated adipose tissue (EPAT) in a rat model. Methods: Rats were randomized into an EVE suction group and a control group, with 24 rats in each group. The structure and origin of the special cell clusters were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry; their role in adipose tissue regeneration was investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. Results: Special cell clusters began to increase at week 1 with a peak at week 4, and then receded from weeks 8 to 12. Clusters were identified as glandular epithelial cells as determined by their gland-like structure and expression of specific markers. The cell clusters induced significant infiltration of macrophage antigen-2 (Mac-2) positive macrophages by secreting monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) at the early stage of suction. Subsequently, these infiltrated macrophages expressed massive vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to promoted angiogenesis. Conclusion: EVE generated glandular epithelial cell clusters, which recruited macrophages to promote angiogenesis and subsequent adipose tissue regeneration. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the effects of EVE devices on adipose tissue regeneration.
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31
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Ding S, Jiang J, Wang Z, Zhang G, Yin J, Wang X, Wang S, Yu Z. Resveratrol reduces the inflammatory response in adipose tissue and improves adipose insulin signaling in high-fat diet-fed mice. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5173. [PMID: 29967759 PMCID: PMC6027658 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity-induced glucose metabolism disorder is associated with chronic, low-grade, systemic inflammation and is considered a risk factor for diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Resveratrol (RES), a natural anti-inflammatory compound, is observed to improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese rodents and humans. This study aimed to test the effects of RES administration on insulin signaling and the inflammatory response in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Methods A total of 40 wild-type C57BL/6 male mice were divided into four groups (10 in each group): the standard chow diet (STD) group was fed a STD; the HFD group was fed a HFD; and the HFD-RES/L and HFD-RES/H groups were fed a HFD plus RES (200 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively). The L and H in RES/L and RES/H stand for low and high, respectively. Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, circulating inflammatory biomarkers and lipid profile were determined. Quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression of CC-chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), other inflammation markers, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and pAkt/Akt and to assess targets of interest involving glucose metabolism and inflammation in visceral WAT. Results HFD increased the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and proinflammatory cytokines in serum, decreased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in serum, and induced insulin resistance and WAT inflammation in mice. However, RES treatment alleviated insulin resistance, increased the expressions of pAkt, GLUT4 and IRS-1 in WAT, and decreased serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, macrophage infiltration and CCR2 expression in WAT. Conclusion Our results indicated that WAT CCR2 may play a vital role in macrophage infiltration and the inflammatory response during the development of insulin resistance in HFD-induced obesity. These data suggested that administration of RES offers protection against abnormal glucose metabolism and inflammatory adaptations in visceral WAT in mice with HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Ding
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Jianli Yin
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Sui Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Zengli Yu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
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Dendritic peptide bolaamphiphiles for siRNA delivery to primary adipocytes. Biomaterials 2018; 178:458-466. [PMID: 29705001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes, heart disease and other health problems. Adipose tissue plays a central role in the development of obesity and obesity-associated diseases. Gene therapy targeting adipose tissue may provide a promising strategy for obesity treatment. However, nucleic acid delivery to adipose tissue or even cultured adipocytes is challenging due to low delivery efficacy and high toxicity of the current cationic lipid based delivery systems, or monoamphiphiles. Herein, we report using dendritic peptide bolaamphiphiles (bolas) to deliver siRNA to primary adipocytes and hepatocytes. The bola consists of two l-Lysine dendrons connected to a fluorocarbon core through disulfide linkages. The Lysine dendrons are functionalized with l-histidine and l-tryptophan to promote endosomal escape and cellular uptake. The bola exhibited over 70% knockdown of GAPDH gene in both primary adipocytes and hepatocytes. Importantly, different from Lipofectamine that significantly reduced genes involved in lipolysis, lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, the bolas had little to no effect on these genes. These results demonstrate the bola as a promising new vector for clinical and experimental applications for delivery of siRNA to metabolic organs.
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Eibl G, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Korc M, Petrov MS, Goodarzi MO, Fisher WE, Habtezion A, Lugea A, Pandol SJ, Hart PA, Andersen DK. Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity as Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:555-567. [PMID: 28919082 PMCID: PMC5845842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest types of cancer. The worldwide estimates of its incidence and mortality in the general population are eight cases per 100,000 person-years and seven deaths per 100,000 person-years, and they are significantly higher in the United States than in the rest of the world. The incidence of this disease in the United States is more than 50,000 new cases in 2017. Indeed, total deaths due to PDAC are projected to increase dramatically to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths before 2030. Considering the failure to date to efficiently treat existing PDAC, increased effort should be undertaken to prevent this disease. A better understanding of the risk factors leading to PDAC development is of utmost importance to identify and formulate preventive strategies. Large epidemiologic and cohort studies have identified risk factors for the development of PDAC, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review highlights the current knowledge of obesity and type 2 diabetes as risk factors for PDAC development and progression, their interplay and underlying mechanisms, and the relation to diet. Research gaps and opportunities to address this deadly disease are also outlined.
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Riddy DM, Delerive P, Summers RJ, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ. G Protein–Coupled Receptors Targeting Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 70:39-67. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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35
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Yamamoto Y, Sugimura R, Watanabe T, Shigemori S, Okajima T, Nigar S, Namai F, Sato T, Ogita T, Shimosato T. Class A CpG Oligonucleotide Priming Rescues Mice from Septic Shock via Activation of Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1049. [PMID: 28912777 PMCID: PMC5582170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening, overwhelming immune response to infection with high morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory response and blood clotting are caused by sepsis, which induces serious organ damage and death from shock. As a mechanism of pathogenesis, platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces excessive inflammatory responses and blood clotting. In this study, we demonstrate that a Class A CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-A1585) strongly induced PAF acetylhydrolase, which generates lyso-PAF. CpG-A1585 rescued mice from acute lethal shock and decreased fibrin deposition, a hallmark of PAF-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation. Furthermore, CpG-A1585 improved endotoxin shock induced by lipopolysaccharide, which comprises the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and inhibits inflammatory responses induced by cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. These results suggest that CpG-A1585 is a potential therapeutic target to prevent sepsis-related induction of PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.,Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Sugimura
- Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Suguru Shigemori
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Intestinal Ecosystem Regulation, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Metabologenomics Core, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuma Okajima
- Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shireen Nigar
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
| | - Fu Namai
- Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Pulmonology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tasuku Ogita
- Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimosato
- Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Supramolecular Complexes, Research Center for Fungal and Microbial Dynamism, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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36
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The Role of Tissue Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation on NAFLD Pathogenesis and Its Clinical Implications. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8162421. [PMID: 28115795 PMCID: PMC5237469 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8162421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The obese phenotype is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that contributes to the development of comorbidities, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In fact, NAFLD is often associated with adipocyte enlargement and consequent macrophage recruitment and inflammation. Macrophage polarization is often associated with the proinflammatory state in adipose tissue. In particular, an increase of M1 macrophages number or of M1/M2 ratio triggers the production and secretion of various proinflammatory signals (i.e., adipocytokines). Next, these inflammatory factors may reach the liver leading to local M1/M2 macrophage polarization and consequent onset of the histological damage characteristic of NAFLD. Thus, the role of macrophage polarization and inflammatory signals appears to be central for pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD, even if the heterogeneity of macrophages and molecular mechanisms that govern their phenotype switch remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose and liver tissue macrophage-mediated inflammation in experimental and human NAFLD. This focus is relevant because it may help researchers that approach clinical and experimental studies on this disease advancing the knowledge of mechanisms that could be targeted in order to revert NAFLD-related fibrosis.
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Ullah I, Chung K, Beloor J, Kim J, Cho M, Kim N, Lee KY, Kumar P, Lee SK. Trileucine residues in a ligand-CPP-based siRNA delivery platform improve endosomal escape of siRNA. J Drug Target 2016; 25:320-329. [PMID: 27820977 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1258566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
siRNA entrapment within endosomes is a significant problem encountered with siRNA delivery platforms that co-opt receptor-mediated entry pathways. Attachment of a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), such as nona-arginine (9R) to a cell receptor-binding ligand like the Rabies virus glycoprotein, RVG, allows effective siRNA delivery to the cytoplasm by non-endocytic pathways, but a significant amount of siRNA complexes also enters the cell by ligand-induced receptor endocytosis and remain localized in endosomes. Here, we report that the incorporation of trileucine (3 Leu) residues as an endo-osmolytic moiety in the peptide improves endosomal escape and intracellular delivery of siRNA. The trileucine motif did not affect early non-endosomal mechanism of cytoplasmic siRNA delivery but enhanced target gene silencing by >20% only beyond 24 h of transfection when siRNA delivery is mostly through the endocytic route and siRNA trapped in the endosomes at later stages were subject to release into cytoplasm. The mechanism may involve endosomal membrane disruption as trileucine residues lysed RBCs selectively under endosomal pH conditions. Interestingly <3 Leu or >3 Leu residues were not as effective, suggesting that 3 Leu residues are useful for enhancing cytoplasmic delivery of siRNA routed through endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah
- a Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology , Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Kunho Chung
- a Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology , Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea.,b Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT, USA
| | - Jagadish Beloor
- b Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT, USA
| | - Jongkil Kim
- a Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology , Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Minyoung Cho
- a Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology , Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Nahyun Kim
- a Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology , Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Kuen Yong Lee
- a Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology , Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Priti Kumar
- b Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT, USA
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- a Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology , Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
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