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Zhu DH, Su KK, Ou-Yang XX, Zhang YH, Yu XP, Li ZH, Ahmadi-Nishaboori SS, Li LJ. Mechanisms and clinical landscape of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in gastrointestinal tract cancers. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05040-x. [PMID: 38856795 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetics encompasses reversible and heritable chemical modifications of non-nuclear DNA sequences, including DNA and RNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA modifications, and chromatin rearrangements. In addition to well-studied DNA and histone methylation, RNA methylation has emerged as a hot topic in biological sciences over the past decade. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common and abundant modification in eukaryotic mRNA, affecting all RNA stages, including transcription, translation, and degradation. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies made it feasible to identify the chemical basis and biological functions of m6A RNA. Dysregulation of m6A levels and associated modifying proteins can both inhibit and promote cancer, highlighting the importance of the tumor microenvironment in diverse biological processes. Gastrointestinal tract cancers, including gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, are among the most common and deadly malignancies in humans. Growing evidence suggests a close association between m6A levels and the progression of gastrointestinal tumors. Global m6A modification levels are substantially modified in gastrointestinal tumor tissues and cell lines compared to healthy tissues and cells, possibly influencing various biological behaviors such as tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Exploring the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of m6A-related proteins is critical from a clinical standpoint. Developing more specific and effective m6A modulators offers new options for treating these tumors and deeper insights into gastrointestinal tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Kun-Kai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Ou-Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zu-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | | | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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2
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Yin N, Li X, Zhang X, Xue S, Cao Y, Niedermann G, Lu Y, Xue J. Development of pharmacological immunoregulatory anti-cancer therapeutics: current mechanistic studies and clinical opportunities. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:126. [PMID: 38773064 PMCID: PMC11109181 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy represented by anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors has revolutionized cancer treatment, but challenges related to resistance and toxicity still remain. Due to the advancement of immuno-oncology, an increasing number of novel immunoregulatory targets and mechanisms are being revealed, with relevant therapies promising to improve clinical immunotherapy in the foreseeable future. Therefore, comprehending the larger picture is important. In this review, we analyze and summarize the current landscape of preclinical and translational mechanistic research, drug development, and clinical trials that brought about next-generation pharmacological immunoregulatory anti-cancer agents and drug candidates beyond classical immune checkpoint inhibitors. Along with further clarification of cancer immunobiology and advances in antibody engineering, agents targeting additional inhibitory immune checkpoints, including LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, CD47, and B7 family members are becoming an important part of cancer immunotherapy research and discovery, as are structurally and functionally optimized novel anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 agents and agonists of co-stimulatory molecules of T cells. Exemplified by bispecific T cell engagers, newly emerging bi-specific and multi-specific antibodies targeting immunoregulatory molecules can provide considerable clinical benefits. Next-generation agents also include immune epigenetic drugs and cytokine-based therapeutics. Cell therapies, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic viruses are not covered in this review. This comprehensive review might aid in further development and the fastest possible clinical adoption of effective immuno-oncology modalities for the benefit of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhao Yin
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xintong Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xuanwei Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shaolong Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
- Institute of Disaster Medicine & Institute of Emergency Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Gaopeng Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Gabriele Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site DKTK-Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - You Lu
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Xinchuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Xinchuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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3
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Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:61. [PMID: 38514615 PMCID: PMC10958066 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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4
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Rosty C, Brosens LAA. Pathology of Gastrointestinal Polyposis Disorders. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2024; 53:179-200. [PMID: 38280747 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal polyposis disorders are a group of syndromes defined by clinicopathologic features that include the predominant histologic type of colorectal polyp and specific inherited gene mutations. Adenomatous polyposis syndromes comprise the prototypical familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome and other recently identified genetic conditions inherited in a dominant or recessive manner. Serrated polyposis syndrome is defined by arbitrary clinical criteria. The diagnosis of hamartomatous polyposis syndromes can be suggested from the histologic characteristics of colorectal polyps and the association with various extraintestinal manifestations. Proper identification of affected individuals is important due to an increased risk of gastrointestinal and extragastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Rosty
- Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia.
| | - Lodewijk A A Brosens
- Department of Pathology University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Postbus 85500, 3508, Utrecht, Galgenwaad, The Netherlands
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5
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Xu X, Foley E. Vibrio cholerae arrests intestinal epithelial proliferation through T6SS-dependent activation of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113750. [PMID: 38340318 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To maintain an effective barrier, intestinal progenitor cells must divide at a rate that matches the loss of dead and dying cells. Otherwise, epithelial breaches expose the host to systemic infection by gut-resident microbes. Unlike most pathogens, Vibrio cholerae blocks tissue repair by arresting progenitor proliferation in the Drosophila model. At present, we do not understand how V. cholerae circumvents such a critical antibacterial defense. We find that V. cholerae blocks epithelial repair by activating the growth inhibitor bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway in progenitors. Specifically, we show that interactions between V. cholerae and gut commensals initiate BMP signaling via host innate immune defenses. Notably, we find that V. cholerae also activates BMP and arrests proliferation in zebrafish intestines, indicating an evolutionarily conserved link between infection and failure in tissue repair. Our study highlights how enteric pathogens engage host immune and growth regulatory pathways to disrupt intestinal epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Edan Foley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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6
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Aoudi A, Labiad O, Igalouzene R, Mejri O, Sanchez M, Soudja S. Addressing the Role of Conventional CD8αβ+ T Cells and CD4+ T Cells in Intestinal Immunopathology Using a Bone Marrow-Engrafted Model. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4934. [PMID: 38405082 PMCID: PMC10883888 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by an aberrant immune response against microbiota. It is well established that T cells play a critical role in mediating the pathology. Assessing the contribution of each subset of T cells in mediating the pathology is crucial in order to design better therapeutic strategies. This protocol presents a method to identify the specific effector T-cell population responsible for intestinal immunopathologies in bone marrow-engrafted mouse models. Here, we used anti-CD4 and anti-CD8β depleting antibodies in bone marrow-engrafted mouse models to identify the effector T-cell population responsible for intestinal damage in a genetic mouse model of chronic intestinal inflammation. Key features • This protocol allows addressing the role of CD4+ or CD8αβ+ in an engrafted model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). • This protocol can easily be adapted to address the role of other immune cells or molecules that may play a role in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amneh Aoudi
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department,
Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University
of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Ossama Labiad
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department,
Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University
of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Ramdane Igalouzene
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department,
Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University
of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Ousséma Mejri
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department,
Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University
of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Sanchez
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department,
Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University
of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Saïdi Soudja
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department,
Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University
of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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7
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Wang L, Si W, Yu X, Piffko A, Dou X, Ding X, Bugno J, Yang K, Wen C, Zhang L, Chen D, Huang X, Wang J, Arina A, Pitroda S, Chmura SJ, He C, Liang HL, Weichselbaum R. Epitranscriptional regulation of TGF-β pseudoreceptor BAMBI by m6A/YTHDF2 drives extrinsic radioresistance. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e172919. [PMID: 38099498 PMCID: PMC10721150 DOI: 10.1172/jci172919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of TGF-β signaling serves as an extrinsic resistance mechanism that limits the potential for radiotherapy. Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) antagonizes TGF-β signaling and is implicated in cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms of BAMBI regulation in immune cells and its impact on antitumor immunity after radiation have not been established. Here, we show that ionizing radiation (IR) specifically reduces BAMBI expression in immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in both murine models and humans. Mechanistically, YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein F2 (YTHDF2) directly binds and degrades Bambi transcripts in an N6-methyladenosine-dependent (m6A-dependent) manner, and this relies on NF-κB signaling. BAMBI suppresses the tumor-infiltrating capacity and suppression function of MDSCs via inhibiting TGF-β signaling. Adeno-associated viral delivery of Bambi (AAV-Bambi) to the tumor microenvironment boosts the antitumor effects of radiotherapy and radioimmunotherapy combinations. Intriguingly, combination of AAV-Bambi and IR not only improves local tumor control, but also suppresses distant metastasis, further supporting its clinical translation potential. Our findings uncover a surprising role of BAMBI in myeloid cells, unveiling a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming extrinsic radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andras Piffko
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoyang Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xingchen Ding
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jason Bugno
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- The Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics and
| | - Kaiting Yang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Linda Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiaai Wang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sean Pitroda
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hua Laura Liang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ralph Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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8
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Zohud O, Lone IM, Nashef A, Iraqi FA. Towards system genetics analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using the mouse model, cellular platform, and clinical human data. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:537-558. [PMID: 38129938 PMCID: PMC10757216 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is a leading global malignancy. Every year, More than 830 000 people are diagnosed with HNSCC globally, with more than 430 000 fatalities. HNSCC is a deadly diverse malignancy with many tumor locations and biological characteristics. It originates from the squamous epithelium of the oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. The most frequently impacted regions are the tongue and larynx. Previous investigations have demonstrated the critical role of host genetic susceptibility in the progression of HNSCC. Despite the advances in our knowledge, the improved survival rate of HNSCC patients over the last 40 years has been limited. Failure to identify the molecular origins of development of HNSCC and the genetic basis of the disease and its biological heterogeneity impedes the development of new therapeutic methods. These results indicate a need to identify more genetic factors underlying this complex disease, which can be better used in early detection and prevention strategies. The lack of reliable animal models to investigate the underlying molecular processes is one of the most significant barriers to understanding HNSCC tumors. In this report, we explore and discuss potential research prospects utilizing the Collaborative Cross mouse model and crossing it to mice carrying single or double knockout genes (e.g. Smad4 and P53 genes) to identify genetic factors affecting the development of this complex disease using genome-wide association studies, epigenetics, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, lncRNA, histone modifications, methylation, phosphorylation, and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osayd Zohud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Iqbal M. Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryBaruch Padeh Medical CenterPoriyaIsrael
- Azrieli Faculty of MedicineBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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9
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Massagué J, Sheppard D. TGF-β signaling in health and disease. Cell 2023; 186:4007-4037. [PMID: 37714133 PMCID: PMC10772989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity. TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury repair through coordinated effects on cell proliferation, phenotypic plasticity, migration, metabolic adaptation, and immune surveillance of multiple cell types in shared ecosystems. Defects of TGF-β signaling, particularly in epithelial cells, tissue fibroblasts, and immune cells, disrupt immune tolerance, promote inflammation, underlie the pathogenesis of fibrosis and cancer, and contribute to the resistance of these diseases to treatment. Here, we review how TGF-β coordinates multicellular response programs in health and disease and how this knowledge can be leveraged to develop treatments for diseases of the TGF-β system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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10
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Liu L, Wang Y, Yu S, Liu H, Li Y, Hua S, Chen Y. Transforming Growth Factor Beta Promotes Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in Smad4-Deficient Intestinal Epithelium in a YAP-Dependent Manner. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300708. [PMID: 37261975 PMCID: PMC10427365 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), a multifunctional cytokine, plays critical roles in immune responses. However, the precise role of TGF-β in colitis and colitis-associated cancer remains poorly defined. Here, it is demonstrated that TGF-β promotes the colonic inflammation and related tumorigenesis in the absence of Smad family member 4 (Smad4). Smad4 loss in intestinal epithelium aggravates colitis and colitis-associated neoplasia induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS), leading to over-activated immune responses and increased TGF-β1 levels. In Smad4-deficient organoids, TGF-β1 stimulates spheroid formation and impairs intestinal stem cell proliferation and lineage specification. YAP, whose expression is directly upregulated by TGF-β1 after Smad4 deletion, mediates the effect of TGF-β1 by interacting with Smad2/3. Attenuation of YAP/TAZ prevents TGF-β1-induced spheroid formation in Smad4-/- organoids and alleviates colitis and colitis-associated cancer in Smad4-deficient mice. Collectively, these results highlight an integral role of the TGF-β/Smad4 axis in restraining intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis and suggest TGF-β or YAP signaling as therapeutic targets for these gastrointestinal diseases intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
| | - Yalong Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
| | - Huidong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yehua Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Shan Hua
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
- Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650500China
| | - Ye‐Guang Chen
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchang330031China
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11
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Qiao Q, Yuan SS, Shang J, Liu JX. Multi-View Enhanced Tensor Nuclear Norm and Local Constraint Model for Cancer Clustering and Feature Gene Selection. J Comput Biol 2023; 30:889-899. [PMID: 37471239 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2023.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of cancer data from multi-omics can effectively promote cancer research. The main focus of this article is to cluster cancer samples and identify feature genes to reveal the correlation between cancers and genes, with the primary approach being the analysis of multi-view cancer omics data. Our proposed solution, the Multi-View Enhanced Tensor Nuclear Norm and Local Constraint (MVET-LC) model, aims to utilize the consistency and complementarity of omics data to support biological research. The model is designed to maximize the utilization of multi-view data and incorporates a nuclear norm and local constraint to achieve this goal. The first step involves introducing the concept of enhanced partial sum of tensor nuclear norm, which significantly enhances the flexibility of the tensor nuclear norm. After that, we incorporate total variation regularization into the MVET-LC model to further augment its performance. It enables MVET-LC to make use of the relationship between tensor data structures and sparse data while paying attention to the feature details of the tensor data. To tackle the iterative optimization problem of MVET-LC, the alternating direction method of multipliers is utilized. Through experimental validation, it is demonstrated that our proposed model outperforms other comparison models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qiao
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Sha-Sha Yuan
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Junliang Shang
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Jin-Xing Liu
- School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
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12
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Waldner MJ, Neurath MF. TGFβ and the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081139. [PMID: 37190048 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports an important role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Resident cells such as fibroblasts or immune cells infiltrating into the TME maintain continuous crosstalk with cancer cells and thereby regulate CRC progression. One of the most important molecules involved is the immunoregulatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). TGFβ is released by various cells in the TME, including macrophages and fibroblasts, and it modulates cancer cell growth, differentiation, and cell death. Mutations in components of the TGF pathway, including TGFβ receptor type 2 or SMAD4, are among the most frequently detected mutations in CRC and have been associated with the clinical course of disease. Within this review, we will discuss our current understanding about the role of TGFβ in the pathogenesis of CRC. This includes novel data on the molecular mechanisms of TGFβ signaling in TME, as well as possible strategies for CRC therapy targeting the TGFβ pathway, including potential combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J Waldner
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Hatamzade Esfahani N, Day AS. The Role of TGF-β, Activin and Follistatin in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2023; 5:167-186. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition predominantly affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. An increasing prevalence of IBD has been observed globally. The pathogenesis of IBD includes a complex interplay between the intestinal microbiome, diet, genetic factors and immune responses. The consequent imbalance of inflammatory mediators ultimately leads to intestinal mucosal damage and defective repair. Growth factors, given their specific roles in maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of the intestinal epithelium, are of particular interest in the setting of IBD. Furthermore, direct targeting of growth factor signalling pathways involved in the regeneration of the damaged epithelium and the regulation of inflammation could be considered as therapeutic options for individuals with IBD. Several members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily, particularly TGF-β, activin and follistatin, are key candidates as they exhibit various roles in inflammatory processes and contribute to maintenance and homeostasis in the GI tract. This article aimed firstly to review the events involved in the pathogenesis of IBD with particular emphasis on TGF-β, activin and follistatin and secondly to outline the potential role of therapeutic manipulation of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew S. Day
- Paediatric Department, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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14
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Hu W, Wang W, Jiang X, Wang Z, Lin R. Mesenchymal stem cells can prevent or promote the progression of colon cancer based on their timing of administration. J Transl Med 2023; 21:227. [PMID: 36978120 PMCID: PMC10045613 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been shown to have some therapeutic effects in rodent models and patients with IBD; however, its role in colon tumor models is controversial. In this study, the potential role and mechanisms of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) in colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) were investigated. METHODS The CAC mouse model was established with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The mice were administered an intraperitoneal injection of MSCs once weekly for different periods. The progression of CAC and the cytokine expression in tissues was assessed. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect MSCs localization. Levels of immune cells in the spleen and lamina propria of the colon were detected using flow cytometry. A co-culture of MSCs and naïve T cells was performed to determine the effect of MSCs on naïve T cell differentiation. RESULTS Early administration of MSCs inhibited the occurrence of CAC, while late administration promoted the progression of CAC. The inhibitory effect of early injection in mice was characterized by the expression of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue was decreased, and induction of T regulatory cells (Tregs) infiltration via TGF-β. The promotive effect of late injection was characterized by a shift of T helper (Th) 1/Th2 immune balance toward a Th2 phenotype through IL-4 secretion. IL-12 can reverse this shift to Th2 accumulation in mice. CONCLUSION MSCs can curb the progression of colon cancer by inducing Treg accumulation via TGF-β at the early stage of inflammatory transformation but promote the progression of colon cancer by inducing a shift in Th1/Th2 immune balance to Th2 through IL-4 secretion at the late stage. And the immune balance of Th1/Th2 influenced by MSCs could be reversed by IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Hu
- Department of Digestive, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Digestive, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Digestive, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Digestive, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Digestive, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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15
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Ali S, Rehman MU, Yatoo AM, Arafah A, Khan A, Rashid S, Majid S, Ali A, Ali MN. TGF-β signaling pathway: Therapeutic targeting and potential for anti-cancer immunity. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175678. [PMID: 36990262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic secretory cytokine exhibiting both cancer-inhibitory and promoting properties. It transmits its signals via Suppressor of Mother against Decapentaplegic (SMAD) and non-SMAD pathways and regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. In non-cancer and early-stage cancer cells, TGFβ signaling suppresses cancer progression via inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or anti-proliferation, and promoting cell differentiation. On the other hand, TGFβ may also act as an oncogene in advanced stages of tumors, wherein it develops immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments and induces the proliferation of cancer cells, invasion, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Higher TGFβ expression leads to the instigation and development of cancer. Therefore, suppressing TGFβ signals may present a potential treatment option for inhibiting tumorigenesis and metastasis. Different inhibitory molecules, including ligand traps, anti-sense oligo-nucleotides, small molecule receptor-kinase inhibitors, small molecule inhibitors, and vaccines, have been developed and clinically trialed for blocking the TGFβ signaling pathway. These molecules are not pro-oncogenic response-specific but block all signaling effects induced by TGFβ. Nonetheless, targeting the activation of TGFβ signaling with maximized specificity and minimized toxicity can enhance the efficacy of therapeutic approaches against this signaling pathway. The molecules that are used to target TGFβ are non-cytotoxic to cancer cells but designed to curtail the over-activation of invasion and metastasis driving TGFβ signaling in stromal and cancer cells. Here, we discussed the critical role of TGFβ in tumorigenesis, and metastasis, as well as the outcome and the promising achievement of TGFβ inhibitory molecules in the treatment of cancer.
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16
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Selven H, Busund LTR, Andersen S, Pedersen MI, Lombardi APG, Kilvaer TK. High Expression of IRS-1, RUNX3 and SMAD4 Are Positive Prognostic Factors in Stage I-III Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051448. [PMID: 36900240 PMCID: PMC10000923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common malignancy and a major contributor to human morbidity and mortality. In this study, we explore the expression and prognostic impact of IRS-1, IRS-2, RUNx3, and SMAD4 in colon cancer. Furthermore, we elucidate their correlations with miRs 126, 17-5p, and 20a-5p, which are identified as potential regulators of these proteins. Tumor tissue from 452 patients operated for stage I-III colon cancer was retrospectively collected and assembled into tissue microarrays. Biomarkers' expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry and analyzed using digital pathology. In univariate analyses, high expression levels of IRS1 in stromal cytoplasm, RUNX3 in tumor (nucleus and cytoplasm) and stroma (nucleus and cytoplasm), and SMAD4 in tumor (nucleus and cytoplasm) and stromal cytoplasm were related to increased disease-specific survival (DSS). In multivariate analyses, high expression of IRS1 in stromal cytoplasm, RUNX3 in tumor nucleus and stromal cytoplasm, and high expression of SMAD4 in tumor and stromal cytoplasm remained independent predictors of improved DSS. Surprisingly, with the exception of weak correlations (0.2 < r < 0.25) between miR-126 and SMAD4, the investigated markers were mostly uncorrelated with the miRs. However, weak to moderate/strong correlations (0.3 < r < 0.6) were observed between CD3 and CD8 positive lymphocyte density and stromal RUNX3 expression. High expression levels of IRS1, RUNX3, and SMAD4 are positive prognostic factors in stage I-III colon cancer. Furthermore, stromal expression of RUNX3 is associated with increased lymphocyte density, suggesting that RUNX3 is an important mediator during recruitment and activation of immune cells in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallgeir Selven
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lill-Tove Rasmussen Busund
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sigve Andersen
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mona Irene Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Thomas Karsten Kilvaer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-905-24-635
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17
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Yehia L, Heald B, Eng C. Clinical Spectrum and Science Behind the Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:800-811. [PMID: 36717037 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The hamartomatous polyposis syndromes are a set of clinically distinct disorders characterized by the occurrence of hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. These syndromes include juvenile polyposis syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome. Although each of the syndromes has distinct phenotypes, the hamartomatous polyps can be challenging to differentiate histologically. Additionally, each of these syndromes is associated with increased lifetime risks of gene-specific and organ-specific cancers, including those outside of the gastrointestinal tract. Germline pathogenic variants can be identified in a subset of individuals with these syndromes, which facilitates molecular diagnosis and subsequent gene-enabled management in the setting of genetic counseling. Although the malignant potential of hamartomatous polyps remains elusive, timely recognition of these syndromes is important and enables presymptomatic cancer surveillance and management before symptom exacerbation. Presently, there are no standard agents to prevent the development of polyps and cancers in the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Yehia
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Community Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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18
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Song J, Wu J, Ding J, Liang Y, Chen C, Liu Y. The effect of SMAD4 on the prognosis and immune response in hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1139203. [PMID: 37035326 PMCID: PMC10076535 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1139203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In malignant tumors, elevated infiltration of intratumoral CD8+ cytotoxic T cells predicts a beneficial prognosis, whereas high levels of CD15+ neutrophils in peritumor tissues indicate poor prognosis. It is unclear how SMAD4, which promotes favorable clinical outcomes and antitumor immunoregulation, along with CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD15+ neutrophils exert an influence on hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC). Materials and methods Specimens were collected from 97 patients with HPC. Immunohistological analyses of SMAD4, CD8+ cytotoxic T cell and CD15+ neutrophil expression were performed. SMAD4 nuclear intensity was measured, meanwhile, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD15+ neutrophils were counted under a microscope. The prognostic role of SMAD4 was determined using the log-rank test and univariate and multivariate analyses. The relationship among SMAD4, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and CD15+ neutrophils was estimated by Mann-Whitney U test. Results High levels of SMAD4 were associated with favorable overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in HPC. Multivariate analysis suggested that SMAD4 is an independent predictor of OS and DFS. A high density of intratumoral CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and low accumulation of CD15+ neutrophils in the peritumor area were associated with longer OS and DFS. Furthermore, SMAD4 was linked to the levels of intratumoral CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and peritumoral CD15+ neutrophils. Patients with high SMAD4/high intratumoral CD8+ cytotoxic T cells or high SMAD4/low peritumoral CD15+ neutrophils showed the best prognosis. Conclusion SMAD4, CD8+ cytotoxic T cell level, and CD15+ neutrophil level have prognostic value in HPC. SMAD4 is a promising prognostic marker reflecting immune response in HPC.
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19
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Rodriguez Calleja L, Lavaud M, Tesfaye R, Brounais-Le-Royer B, Baud’huin M, Georges S, Lamoureux F, Verrecchia F, Ory B. The p53 Family Members p63 and p73 Roles in the Metastatic Dissemination: Interactions with microRNAs and TGFβ Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235948. [PMID: 36497429 PMCID: PMC9741383 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 (TP53), p73 (TP73), and p63 (TP63) are members of the p53 transcription factor family, which has many activities spanning from embryonic development through to tumor suppression. The utilization of two promoters and alternative mRNA splicing has been shown to yield numerous isoforms in p53, p63, and p73. TAp73 is thought to mediate apoptosis as a result of nuclear accumulation following chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, according to a number of studies. Overexpression of the nuclear ΔNp63 and ΔNp73 isoforms, on the other hand, suppresses TAp73's pro-apoptotic activity in human malignancies, potentially leading to metastatic spread or inhibition. Another well-known pathway that has been associated to metastatic spread is the TGF pathway. TGFs are a family of structurally related polypeptide growth factors that regulate a variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, lineage determination, differentiation, motility, adhesion, and cell death, making them significant players in development, homeostasis, and wound repair. Various studies have already identified several interactions between the p53 protein family and the TGFb pathway in the context of tumor growth and metastatic spread, beginning to shed light on this enigmatic intricacy.
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20
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Chan MKK, Chung JYF, Tang PCT, Chan ASW, Ho JYY, Lin TPT, Chen J, Leung KT, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. TGF-β signaling networks in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2022; 550:215925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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21
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Choi SH, Huang AY, Letterio JJ, Kim BG. Smad4-deficient T cells promote colitis-associated colon cancer via an IFN-γ-dependent suppression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932412. [PMID: 36045676 PMCID: PMC9420841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells and the cytokines they produce are important mediators of the transition from colitis to colon cancer, but the mechanisms mediating this disease progression are poorly understood. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of colitis through immune modulatory mechanisms, and through direct effects on endothelial and epithelial homeostasis. Here we explore whether IFN-γ influences tumor progression by expanding the effector memory T cells (TEM) population and restricting the expression of tumor suppressors in a preclinical model of spontaneous colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). We show that IFN-γ expression is significantly increased both in the T cells and the colonic mucosal epithelia of mice with a T cell-restricted deletion of the TGF-β intermediate, SMAD4 (Smad4TKO). The increase of IFN-γ expression correlates with the onset of spontaneous CAC in Smad4TKO mice by 6 months of age. This phenotype is greatly ameliorated by the introduction of a germline deletion of IFN-γ in Smad4TKO mice (Smad4TKO/IFN-γKO, DKO). DKO mice had a significantly reduced incidence and progression of CAC, and a decrease in the number of mucosal CD4+ TEM cells, when compared to those of Smad4TKO mice. Similarly, the colon epithelia of DKO mice exhibited a non-oncogenic signature with a decrease in the expression of iNOS and p-STAT1, and a restoration of the tumor suppressor gene, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). In vitro, treatment of human colon cancer cells with IFN-γ decreased the expression of 15-PGDH. Our data suggest that Smad4-deficient T cells promote CAC through mechanisms that include an IFN-γ-dependent suppression of the tumor suppressor 15-PGDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Choi
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alex Y. Huang
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- The Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute, University Hospitals (UH) Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - John J. Letterio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- The Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute, University Hospitals (UH) Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Byung-Gyu Kim,
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22
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Liu X, Hao J, Wei P, Zhao X, Lan Q, Ni L, Chen Y, Bai X, Ni L, Dong C. SMAD4, activated by the TCR-triggered MEK/ERK signaling pathway, critically regulates CD8 + T cell cytotoxic function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4577. [PMID: 35895826 PMCID: PMC9328680 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β is well known to restrain cytotoxic T cell responses to maintain self-tolerance and to promote tumor immune evasion. In this study, we have investigated the role of SMAD4, a core component in the TGF-β signaling pathway, in CD8+ T cells. Unexpectedly, we found that SMAD4 was critical in promoting CD8+ T cell function in both tumor and infection models. SMAD4-mediated transcriptional regulation of CD8+ T cell activation and cytotoxicity was dependent on the T cell receptor (TCR) but not TGF-β signaling pathway. Following TCR activation, SMAD4 translocated into the nucleus, up-regulated genes encoding TCR signaling components and cytotoxic molecules in CD8+ T cells and thus reinforced T cell function. Biochemically, SMAD4 was directly phosphorylated by ERK at Ser367 residue following TCR activation. Our study thus demonstrates a critical yet unexpected role of SMAD4 in promoting CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Liu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Hao
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine-affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiuyan Lan
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lu Ni
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongzhen Chen
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ling Ni
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine-affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
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23
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Boland CR, Idos GE, Durno C, Giardiello FM, Anderson JC, Burke CA, Dominitz JA, Gross S, Gupta S, Jacobson BC, Patel SG, Shaukat A, Syngal S, Robertson DJ. Diagnosis and Management of Cancer Risk in the Gastrointestinal Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes: Recommendations From the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:2063-2085. [PMID: 35487791 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis syndromes are rare, autosomal dominant disorders associated with an increased risk of benign and malignant intestinal and extraintestinal tumors. They include Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (including Cowden's syndrome and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome), and hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome. Diagnoses are based on clinical criteria and, in some cases, confirmed by demonstrating the presence of a germline pathogenic variant. The best understood hamartomatous polyposis syndrome is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, caused by germline pathogenic variants in the STK11 gene. The management is focused on prevention of bleeding and mechanical obstruction of the small bowel by polyps and surveillance of organs at increased risk for cancer. Juvenile polyposis syndrome is caused by a germline pathogenic variant in either the SMAD4 or BMPR1A genes, with differing clinical courses. Patients with SMAD4 pathogenic variants may have massive gastric polyposis, which can result in gastrointestinal bleeding and/or protein-losing gastropathy. Patients with SMAD4 mutations usually have the simultaneous occurrence of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (juvenile polyposis syndrome-hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia overlap syndrome) that can result in epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding from mucocutaneous telangiectasias, and arteriovenous malformations. Germline pathogenic variants in the PTEN gene cause overlapping clinical phenotypes (known as the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes), including Cowden's syndrome and related disorders that are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal and colonic polyposis, colon cancer, and other extraintestinal manifestations and cancers. Due to the relative rarity of the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, recommendations for management are based on few studies. This U.S Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer consensus statement summarizes the clinical features, assesses the current literature, and provides guidance for diagnosis, assessment, and management of patients with the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, with a focus on endoscopic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Richard Boland
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Gregory E Idos
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Clinical Cancer Genomics, Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Carol Durno
- The Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francis M Giardiello
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph C Anderson
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Carol A Burke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jason A Dominitz
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Seth Gross
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Samir Gupta
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Brian C Jacobson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Swati G Patel
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aasma Shaukat
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sapna Syngal
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts
| | - Douglas J Robertson
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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24
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Boland CR, Idos GE, Durno C, Giardiello FM, Anderson JC, Burke CA, Dominitz JA, Gross S, Gupta S, Jacobson BC, Patel SG, Shaukat A, Syngal S, Robertson DJ. Diagnosis and management of cancer risk in the gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis syndromes: recommendations from the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 95:1025-1047. [PMID: 35487765 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2022.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis syndromes are rare, autosomal dominant disorders associated with an increased risk of benign and malignant intestinal and extraintestinal tumors. They include Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (including Cowden's syndrome and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome), and hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome. Diagnoses are based on clinical criteria and, in some cases, confirmed by demonstrating the presence of a germline pathogenic variant. The best understood hamartomatous polyposis syndrome is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, caused by germline pathogenic variants in the STK11 gene. The management is focused on prevention of bleeding and mechanical obstruction of the small bowel by polyps and surveillance of organs at increased risk for cancer. Juvenile polyposis syndrome is caused by a germline pathogenic variant in either the SMAD4 or BMPR1A genes, with differing clinical courses. Patients with SMAD4 pathogenic variants may have massive gastric polyposis, which can result in gastrointestinal bleeding and/or protein-losing gastropathy. Patients with SMAD4 mutations usually have the simultaneous occurrence of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (juvenile polyposis syndrome-hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia overlap syndrome) that can result in epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding from mucocutaneous telangiectasias, and arteriovenous malformations. Germline pathogenic variants in the PTEN gene cause overlapping clinical phenotypes (known as the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes), including Cowden's syndrome and related disorders that are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal and colonic polyposis, colon cancer, and other extraintestinal manifestations and cancers. Due to the relative rarity of the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, recommendations for management are based on few studies. This U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer consensus statement summarizes the clinical features, assesses the current literature, and provides guidance for diagnosis, assessment, and management of patients with the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, with a focus on endoscopic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Richard Boland
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California.
| | - Gregory E Idos
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Clinical Cancer Genomics, Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Carol Durno
- The Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francis M Giardiello
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph C Anderson
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Carol A Burke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jason A Dominitz
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Seth Gross
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Samir Gupta
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Brian C Jacobson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Swati G Patel
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aasma Shaukat
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sapna Syngal
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts
| | - Douglas J Robertson
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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25
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Diagnosis and Management of Cancer Risk in the Gastrointestinal Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes: Recommendations From the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:846-864. [PMID: 35471415 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis syndromes are rare, autosomal dominant disorders associated with an increased risk of benign and malignant intestinal and extraintestinal tumors. They include Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (including Cowden's syndrome and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome), and hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome. Diagnoses are based on clinical criteria and, in some cases, confirmed by demonstrating the presence of a germline pathogenic variant. The best understood hamartomatous polyposis syndrome is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, caused by germline pathogenic variants in the STK11 gene. The management is focused on prevention of bleeding and mechanical obstruction of the small bowel by polyps and surveillance of organs at increased risk for cancer. Juvenile polyposis syndrome is caused by a germline pathogenic variant in either the SMAD4 or BMPR1A genes, with differing clinical courses. Patients with SMAD4 pathogenic variants may have massive gastric polyposis, which can result in gastrointestinal bleeding and/or protein-losing gastropathy. Patients with SMAD4 mutations usually have the simultaneous occurrence of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (juvenile polyposis syndrome-hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia overlap syndrome) that can result in epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding from mucocutaneous telangiectasias, and arteriovenous malformations. Germline pathogenic variants in the PTEN gene cause overlapping clinical phenotypes (known as the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes), including Cowden's syndrome and related disorders that are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal and colonic polyposis, colon cancer, and other extraintestinal manifestations and cancers. Due to the relative rarity of the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, recommendations for management are based on few studies. This US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer consensus statement summarizes the clinical features, assesses the current literature, and provides guidance for diagnosis, assessment, and management of patients with the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, with a focus on endoscopic management.
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26
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Igalouzene R, Hernandez-Vargas H, Benech N, Guyennon A, Bauché D, Barrachina C, Dubois E, Marie JC, Soudja SM. SMAD4 TGF-β–independent function preconditions naive CD8+ T cells to prevent severe chronic intestinal inflammation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:151020. [PMID: 35426367 PMCID: PMC9012287 DOI: 10.1172/jci151020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD4, a mediator of TGF-β signaling, plays an important role in T cells to prevent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the precise mechanisms underlying this control remain elusive. Using both genetic and epigenetic approaches, we revealed an unexpected mechanism by which SMAD4 prevents naive CD8+ T cells from becoming pathogenic for the gut. Prior to the engagement of the TGF-β receptor, SMAD4 restrains the epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional landscape of the TGF-β signature in naive CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, prior to TGF-β signaling, SMAD4 binds to promoters and enhancers of several TGF-β target genes, and by regulating histone deacetylation, suppresses their expression. Consequently, regardless of a TGF-β signal, SMAD4 limits the expression of TGF-β negative feedback loop genes, such as Smad7 and Ski, and likely conditions CD8+ T cells for the immunoregulatory effects of TGF-β. In addition, SMAD4 ablation conferred naive CD8+ T cells with both a superior survival capacity, by enhancing their response to IL-7, as well as an enhanced capacity to be retained within the intestinal epithelium, by promoting the expression of Itgae, which encodes the integrin CD103. Accumulation, epithelial retention, and escape from TGF-β control elicited chronic microbiota-driven CD8+ T cell activation in the gut. Hence, in a TGF-β–independent manner, SMAD4 imprints a program that preconditions naive CD8+ T cell fate, preventing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdane Igalouzene
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Benech
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Guyennon
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - David Bauché
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Célia Barrachina
- Montpellier GenomiX, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emeric Dubois
- Montpellier GenomiX, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien C. Marie
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Saïdi M’Homa Soudja
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) and University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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27
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Gatenbee CD, Baker AM, Schenck RO, Strobl M, West J, Neves MP, Hasan SY, Lakatos E, Martinez P, Cross WCH, Jansen M, Rodriguez-Justo M, Whelan CJ, Sottoriva A, Leedham S, Robertson-Tessi M, Graham TA, Anderson ARA. Immunosuppressive niche engineering at the onset of human colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1798. [PMID: 35379804 PMCID: PMC8979971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary dynamics of tumor initiation remain undetermined, and the interplay between neoplastic cells and the immune system is hypothesized to be critical in transformation. Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents a unique opportunity to study the transition to malignancy as pre-cancers (adenomas) and early-stage cancers are frequently resected. Here, we examine tumor-immune eco-evolutionary dynamics from pre-cancer to carcinoma using a computational model, ecological analysis of digital pathology data, and neoantigen prediction in 62 patient samples. Modeling predicted recruitment of immunosuppressive cells would be the most common driver of transformation. As predicted, ecological analysis reveals that progressed adenomas co-localized with immunosuppressive cells and cytokines, while benign adenomas co-localized with a mixed immune response. Carcinomas converge to a common immune "cold" ecology, relaxing selection against immunogenicity and high neoantigen burdens, with little evidence for PD-L1 overexpression driving tumor initiation. These findings suggest re-engineering the immunosuppressive niche may prove an effective immunotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler D Gatenbee
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA.
| | - Ann-Marie Baker
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ryan O Schenck
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37BN, UK
| | - Maximilian Strobl
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA
| | - Jeffrey West
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA
| | - Margarida P Neves
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sara Yakub Hasan
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Eszter Lakatos
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pierre Martinez
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Lyon Cancer Institute, Lyon, France
| | - William C H Cross
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marnix Jansen
- Department of Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher J Whelan
- Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Center for Evolution and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Simon Leedham
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37BN, UK
| | - Mark Robertson-Tessi
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alexander R A Anderson
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA.
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28
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Su S, Cao J, Meng X, Liu R, Vander Ark A, Woodford E, Zhang R, Stiver I, Zhang X, Madaj ZB, Bowman MJ, Wu Y, Xu HE, Chen B, Yu H, Li X. Enzalutamide-induced and PTH1R-mediated TGFBR2 degradation in osteoblasts confers resistance in prostate cancer bone metastases. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:170-178. [PMID: 34752846 PMCID: PMC9669895 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Enzalutamide resistance has been observed in approximately 50% of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms and develop strategies to overcome resistance. We observed enzalutamide resistance in bone lesion development induced by PCa cells in mouse models. We found that the bone microenvironment was indispensable for enzalutamide resistance because enzalutamide significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous C4-2B tumors and the proliferation of C4-2B cells isolated from the bone lesions, and the resistance was recapitulated only when C4-2B cells were co-cultured with osteoblasts. In revealing how osteoblasts contribute to enzalutamide resistance, we found that enzalutamide decreased TGFBR2 protein expression in osteoblasts, which was supported by clinical data. This decrease was possibly through PTH1R-mediated endocytosis. We showed that PTH1R blockade rescued enzalutamide-mediated decrease in TGFBR2 levels and enzalutamide responses in C4-2B cells that were co-cultured with osteoblasts. This is the first study to reveal the contribution of the bone microenvironment to enzalutamide resistance and identify PTH1R as a feasible target to overcome the resistance in PCa bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Su
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614
| | - Jingchen Cao
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614;,Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Alexandra Vander Ark
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Erica Woodford
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Reian Zhang
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Isabelle Stiver
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Xiaotun Zhang
- Anatomic/Clinical Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Zachary B. Madaj
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Megan J. Bowman
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Ball Horticultural Company, West Chicago, IL, 60185
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - H. Eric Xu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Haiquan Yu
- Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614;,Corresponding author: Xiaohong Li, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH 43614. Phone: +1-419-383-3982;
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29
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling controls multiple cell fate decisions during development and tissue homeostasis; hence, dysregulation of this pathway can drive several diseases, including cancer. Here we discuss the influence that TGFβ exerts on the composition and behaviour of different cell populations present in the tumour immune microenvironment, and the context-dependent functions of this cytokine in suppressing or promoting cancer. During homeostasis, TGFβ controls inflammatory responses triggered by exposure to the outside milieu in barrier tissues. Lack of TGFβ exacerbates inflammation, leading to tissue damage and cellular transformation. In contrast, as tumours progress, they leverage TGFβ to drive an unrestrained wound-healing programme in cancer-associated fibroblasts, as well as to suppress the adaptive immune system and the innate immune system. In consonance with this key role in reprogramming the tumour microenvironment, emerging data demonstrate that TGFβ-inhibitory therapies can restore cancer immunity. Indeed, this approach can synergize with other immunotherapies - including immune checkpoint blockade - to unleash robust antitumour immune responses in preclinical cancer models. Despite initial challenges in clinical translation, these findings have sparked the development of multiple therapeutic strategies that inhibit the TGFβ pathway, many of which are currently in clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele V F Tauriello
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elena Sancho
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Wang Y, Xu X, Marshall JE, Gong M, Zhao Y, Dua K, Hansbro PM, Xu J, Liu G. Loss of Hyaluronan and Proteoglycan Link Protein-1 Induces Tumorigenesis in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:754240. [PMID: 34966673 PMCID: PMC8710468 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.754240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common diagnosed cancer worldwide, but there are no effective cures for it. Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein-1 (HAPLN1) is a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and involved in the tumor environment in the colon. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a key cytokine that regulates the deposition of ECM proteins in CRC. However, the role of HAPLN1 in TGF-β contributions to CRC remains unknown. We found that the mRNA expression of HAPLN1 was decreased in tumors from CRC patients compared with healthy controls and normal tissue adjacent to the tumor using two existing microarray datasets. This was validated at the protein level by tissue array from CRC patients (n = 59). HAPLN1 protein levels were also reduced in human CRC epithelial cells after 24 h of TGF-β stimulation, and its protein expression correlated with type I collagen alpha-1 (COL1A1) in CRC. Transfection of HAPLN1 overexpression plasmids into these cells increased protein levels but reduced COL1A1 protein, tumor growth, and cancer cell migration. TGF-β stimulation increased Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, Smad4, and E-adhesion proteins; however, HAPLN1 overexpression restored these proteins to baseline levels in CRC epithelial cells after TGF-β stimulation. These findings suggest that HAPLN1 regulates the TGF-β signaling pathway to control collagen deposition via the TGF-β signaling pathway and mediates E-adhesion to control tumor growth. Thus, treatments that increase HAPLN1 levels may be a novel therapeutic option for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China.,Hangzhou Xunyao Biotechnology Pty. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Xu
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacqueline E Marshall
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Muxue Gong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medicine College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kamal Dua
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jincheng Xu
- Stomatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,School of Dental Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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31
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Loss of Smad4 promotes aggressive lung cancer metastasis by de-repression of PAK3 via miRNA regulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4853. [PMID: 34381046 PMCID: PMC8357888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD4 is mutated in human lung cancer, but the underlying mechanism by which Smad4 loss-of-function (LOF) accelerates lung cancer metastasis is yet to be elucidated. Here, we generate a highly aggressive lung cancer mouse model bearing conditional KrasG12D, p53fl/fl LOF and Smad4fl/fl LOF mutations (SPK), showing a much higher incidence of tumor metastases than the KrasG12D, p53fl/fl (PK) mice. Molecularly, PAK3 is identified as a downstream effector of Smad4, mediating metastatic signal transduction via the PAK3-JNK-Jun pathway. Upregulation of PAK3 by Smad4 LOF in SPK mice is achieved by attenuating Smad4-dependent transcription of miR-495 and miR-543. These microRNAs (miRNAs) directly bind to the PAK3 3'UTR for blockade of PAK3 production, ultimately regulating lung cancer metastasis. An inverse correlation between Smad4 and PAK3 pathway components is observed in human lung cancer. Our study highlights the Smad4-PAK3 regulation as a point of potential therapy in metastatic lung cancer.
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32
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Gough NR, Xiang X, Mishra L. TGF-β Signaling in Liver, Pancreas, and Gastrointestinal Diseases and Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:434-452.e15. [PMID: 33940008 PMCID: PMC8841117 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic alterations affecting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling are exceptionally common in diseases and cancers of the gastrointestinal system. As a regulator of tissue renewal, TGF-β signaling and the downstream SMAD-dependent transcriptional events play complex roles in the transition from a noncancerous disease state to cancer in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas. Furthermore, this pathway also regulates the stromal cells and the immune system, which may contribute to evasion of the tumors from immune-mediated elimination. Here, we review the involvement of the TGF-β pathway mediated by the transcriptional regulators SMADs in disease progression to cancer in the digestive system. The review integrates human genomic studies with animal models that provide clues toward understanding and managing the complexity of the pathway in disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R. Gough
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Xiyan Xiang
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Lopa Mishra
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
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Nakamura N. Reexamining the role of tissue inflammation in radiation carcinogenesis: a hypothesis to explain an earlier onset of cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1341-1351. [PMID: 34270352 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1955998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation is a well-known carcinogen, and epidemiologic efforts have been made to evaluate cancer risks following a radiation exposure. The basic approach has been to estimate increased levels of cancer mortality resulting from exposures to radiation, which is consistent with the somatic mutation theory of cancer. However, the possibility that an irradiation might cause an earlier onset of cancer has also been raised since the earliest days of animal studies. Recently, the mutation induction model has been challenged because it is unable to explain the observed dose-related parallel shift of entire mouse survival curves toward younger ages following an irradiation. This is because if it is assumed that only a fraction of the irradiated individuals are affected, the irradiated population would consist of two subpopulations with different mean lifespans, which makes the overall distribution of individual lifespans broader, and hence the slope of the survival curves shallower. To explain this parallel shift, it is necessary to assume that all individuals of a population are affected. As a result of these observations, possible mechanisms which could account for the parallel shift of mouse survival curves were sought by examining the radiation induction of various types of tissue damage which could facilitate an earlier onset of spontaneously arising cancers. CONCLUSION A proposed mechanism postulates that a radiation exposure leads to tissue inflammation which subsequently stimulates spontaneously arising cancers and allows them to appear earlier than usual. This notion is not unprecedented, and because the background incidence of cancer increases exponentially with an increase in age, a slight shift of the onset age toward younger ages may make it appear as if the risk is increased. In this scenario, a radiation exposure induces DNA damage, cell death, chromosome aberrations etc., which leads to the multi-pathway responses including activation of stromal fibroblasts, macrophages and various inflammatory factors. Such an inflamed microenvironment favors the growth of spontaneously arising tumor cells although currently, the sequential order or relative importance of the individual factors remains to be known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Nakamura
- Department, of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
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Chen L, Zhang K, Sun J, Tang J, Zhou J. Development and Validation of an Autophagy-Stroma-Based Microenvironment Gene Signature for Risk Stratification in Colorectal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3503-3515. [PMID: 34103941 PMCID: PMC8180295 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s312003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA. The aim of this study was to establish a tumor gene signature based on tumor stromal cell and autophagy for predicting the risk of recurrence in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods We used “Rtsne” and “xCell” R packages to estimate autophagy and stroma status, respectively. The discovery cohort used microarray gene expression data retrieved from the GSE39582 dataset. The Cox regression model and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) were used to identify prognostic genes and to construct an autophagy-stroma-based gene signature. Moreover, external validation was conducted using GSE17538, GSE38832, TCGA database, and patient data obtained from the First Hospital of China Medical University (CMU). Results The LASSO model identified three genes (TNS1, TAGLN, and SFRP4) which were used to develop a risk stratification gene signature. The autophagy-stroma-based gene signature was identified as an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis (p = 0.0023). The results were validated in GSE17538 (p=0.0062), GSE38832 (p=0.028), TCGA (p=0.046) database, and patient data obtained from the First Hospital of China Medical University (CMU) (p=0.027). Conclusion We have established and verified a feasible prognostic model of colorectal cancer based on autophagy and stromal cell characteristics of patients. The model can be used to evaluate recurrence risk of cancer patients, and the hub genes in the model provide potential targets for targeted colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunzi Zhang
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtong Tang
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
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Niu B, Liu J, Lv B, Lin J, Li X, Wu C, Jiang X, Zeng Z, Zhang XK, Zhou H. Interplay between transforming growth factor-β and Nur77 in dual regulations of inhibitor of differentiation 1 for colonic tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2809. [PMID: 33990575 PMCID: PMC8121807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradoxical roles of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling and nuclear receptor Nur77 in colon cancer development are known but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) is a target gene of TGFβ and a key promoter for colon cancer progression. Here, we show that Nur77 enhances TGFβ/Smad3-induced ID1 mRNA expression through hindering Smurf2-mediated Smad3 mono-ubiquitylation, resulting in ID1 upregulation. In the absence of TGFβ, however, Nur77 destabilizes ID1 protein by promoting Smurf2-mediated ID1 poly-ubiquitylation, resulting in ID1 downregulation. Interestingly, TGFβ stabilizes ID1 protein by switching Nur77 interaction partners to inhibit ID1 ubiquitylation. This also endows TGFβ with an active pro-tumorigenic action in Smad4-deficient colon cancers. Thus, TGFβ converts Nur77’s role from destabilizing ID1 protein and cancer inhibition to inducing ID1 mRNA expression and cancer promotion, which is highly relevant to colon cancer stemness, metastasis and oxaliplatin resistance. Our data therefore define the integrated duality of Nur77 and TGFβ signaling in regulating ID1 expression and provide mechanistic insights into the paradoxical roles of TGFβ and Nur77 in colon cancer progression. Inhibitor of Differentiation 1 (ID1) is an oncogene for colorectal cancer. Here, the authors show a complex interplay between nuclear receptor Nur77 and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) to regulate ID1 expression at both transcriptional and post-translational levels which is relevant to colon cancer stemness, metastasis and resistance to oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ben Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Wan R, Feng J, Tang L. Consequences of Mutations and Abnormal Expression of SMAD4 in Tumors and T Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2531-2540. [PMID: 33888990 PMCID: PMC8054659 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s297855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD4 is a typical tumor suppressor in the TGF-β signaling pathway. In human cancers, SMAD4 is frequently mutated and inactivated. In recent years, the consequences of mutations and inactivation of SMAD4 are gradually becoming clearer. Most of the mutations have negative consequences and reduce the chances of survival of their carriers. Loss of SMAD4 functions due to mutations or abnormal expression can suppress the inhibition of tumor growth and support the tumor progression. Functions of SMAD4 and its variants in T cells are being studied extensively, to better understand the SMAD4 functions in T cells. In this review, we mainly discuss the recently reported consequences of mutations and abnormal expression of SMAD4 in tumors, and the effects of loss, deficiency or mutation of SMAD4 and its T cells, to show the use of SMAD4 mutations in cancer diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxue Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.,National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
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Huang YW, Lin CW, Pan P, Shan T, Echeveste CE, Mo YY, Wang HT, Aldakkak M, Tsai S, Oshima K, Yearsley M, Xiao J, Cao H, Sun C, Du M, Bai W, Yu J, Wang LS. Black Raspberries Suppress Colorectal Cancer by Enhancing Smad4 Expression in Colonic Epithelium and Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570683. [PMID: 33424832 PMCID: PMC7793748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment have been proposed to control the transition from benign to malignant stages. In many cancers, increased infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells associates with good prognosis. Although the mechanisms that enable NK cells to restrain colorectal cancer (CRC) are unclear, the current study suggests the involvement of Smad4. We found suppressed Smad4 expression in circulating NK cells of untreated metastatic CRC patients. Moreover, NK cell-specific Smad4 deletion promoted colon adenomas in DSS-treated ApcMin/+ mice and adenocarcinomas in AOM/DSS-treated mice. Other studies have shown that Smad4 loss or weak expression in colonic epithelium associates with poor survival in CRC patients. Therefore, targeting Smad4 in both colonic epithelium and NK cells could provide an excellent opportunity to manage CRC. Toward this end, we showed that dietary intervention with black raspberries (BRBs) increased Smad4 expression in colonic epithelium in patients with FAP or CRC and in the two CRC mouse models. Also, benzoate metabolites of BRBs, such as hippurate, upregulated Smad4 and Gzmb expression that might enhance the cytotoxicity of primary human NK cells. Of note, increased levels of hippurate is a metabolomic marker of a healthy gut microbiota in humans, and hippurate also has antitumor effects. In conclusion, our study suggests a new mechanism for the action of benzoate metabolites derived from plant-based foods. This mechanism could be exploited clinically to upregulate Smad4 in colonic epithelium and NK cells, thereby delaying CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Pan Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tianjiao Shan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Carla Elena Echeveste
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Yue Yang Mo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Hsin-Tzu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Mohammed Aldakkak
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Susan Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Martha Yearsley
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, Macau
| | - Hui Cao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, Macau
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Choi SH, Barker EC, Gerber KJ, Letterio JJ, Kim BG. Loss of p27Kip1 leads to expansion of CD4+ effector memory T cells and accelerates colitis-associated colon cancer in mice with a T cell lineage restricted deletion of Smad4. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1847832. [PMID: 33329939 PMCID: PMC7722707 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1847832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is a tumor suppressor whose intrinsic activity in cancer cells correlates with tumor aggressiveness, invasiveness, and impaired tumor cell differentiation. Here we explore whether p27Kip1 indirectly influences tumor progression by restricting expansion and survival of effector memory T cell (TEM) populations in a preclinical model of spontaneous colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). We show mRNA and protein expression of p27Kip1 to be significantly decreased in the colons of mice with a T cell-restricted deletion of the TGF-β intermediate, SMAD4 (Smad4TKO). Loss of p27Kip1 expression in T cells correlates with the onset of spontaneous CAC in Smad4TKO mice by 8 months of age. This phenotype is greatly accelerated by the introduction of a germline deletion of CDKN1b (the gene encoding p27Kip1) in Smad4TKO mice (Smad4TKO/p27Kip1-/-, DKO). DKO mice display colon carcinoma by 3 months of age and increased mortality compared to Smad4TKO. Importantly, the phenotype in DKO mice is associated with a significant increase in the frequency of effector CD4 T cells expressing abundant IFN-γ and with a concomitant decrease in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, both in the intestinal mucosa and in the periphery. In addition, induction of inflammatory mediators (IFN-γ, TNF-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS) and activation of Stat1, Stat3, and IκB is also observed in the colon as early as 1–2 months of age. Our data suggest that genomic alterations known to influence p27Kip1 abundance in gastrointestinal cancers may indirectly promote epithelial malignancy by augmenting the production of inflammatory mediators from a spontaneously expanding pool of TEM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily C Barker
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kyle J Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John J Letterio
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,The Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Age-of-onset information helps identify 76 genetic variants associated with allergic disease. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008725. [PMID: 32603359 PMCID: PMC7367489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors that contribute to inter-individual differences in the age-of-onset of allergic diseases are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify genetic risk variants associated with the age at which symptoms of allergic disease first develop, considering information from asthma, hay fever and eczema. Self-reported age-of-onset information was available for 117,130 genotyped individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank study. For each individual, we identified the earliest age at which asthma, hay fever and/or eczema was first diagnosed and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of this combined age-of-onset phenotype. We identified 50 variants with a significant independent association (P<3x10-8) with age-of-onset. Forty-five variants had comparable effects on the onset of the three individual diseases and 38 were also associated with allergic disease case-control status in an independent study (n = 222,484). We observed a strong negative genetic correlation between age-of-onset and case-control status of allergic disease (rg = -0.63, P = 4.5x10-61), indicating that cases with early disease onset have a greater burden of allergy risk alleles than those with late disease onset. Subsequently, a multivariate GWAS of age-of-onset and case-control status identified a further 26 associations that were missed by the univariate analyses of age-of-onset or case-control status only. Collectively, of the 76 variants identified, 18 represent novel associations for allergic disease. We identified 81 likely target genes of the 76 associated variants based on information from expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and non-synonymous variants, of which we highlight ADAM15, FOSL2, TRIM8, BMPR2, CD200R1, PRKCQ, NOD2, SMAD4, ABCA7 and UBE2L3. Our results support the notion that early and late onset allergic disease have partly distinct genetic architectures, potentially explaining known differences in pathophysiology between individuals. So far, genetic studies of allergic disease have investigated the presence of the disease rather than the age at which the first allergic symptoms develop. We aimed to identify genetic risk variants associated with the age at which symptoms of allergic disease first develop, considering information from asthma, hay fever and eczema by examining 117,130 genotyped individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank study. We identified 50 variants with a significant independent association (P<3x10-8) with age-of-onset. Forty-five variants had comparable effects on the onset of the three individual diseases and 38 were also associated with allergic disease case-control status in an independent study (n = 222,484). We then performed a multivariate GWAS of age-of-onset and case-control status identified a further 26 associations that were missed by the univariate analyses of age-of-onset or case-control status only. 18 of 76 variants identified represent novel associations for allergic disease. We identified 81 likely target genes of the 76 genetic variants, including ADAM15, FOSL2, TRIM8, BMPR2, CD200R1, PRKCQ, NOD2, SMAD4, ABCA7 and UBE2L3. Our results support the notion that early and late onset allergic disease have partly distinct genetic architectures, potentially explaining known differences in pathophysiology between individuals.
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Hu X, Zhang L, Li Y, Ma X, Dai W, Gao X, Rao X, Fu G, Wang R, Pan M, Guo Q, Xu X, Zhou Y, Gao J, Zhang Z, Cai S, Peng J, Hua G. Organoid modelling identifies that DACH1 functions as a tumour promoter in colorectal cancer by modulating BMP signalling. EBioMedicine 2020; 56:102800. [PMID: 32512510 PMCID: PMC7281795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dachshund homologue 1 (DACH1) is highly expressed in LGR5+ intestinal stem cells and colorectal tumours. However, the roles of DACH1 in intestinal cell stemness and colorectal tumorigenesis remain largely undefined. Methods We used immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR to analyse DACH1 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression and shRNA-mediated knockdown of DACH1 were utilized to modulate DACH1 expression in cell lines and organoids. An intestinal organoid-based functional model was analysed, and cancer cell colony formation, sphere formation assays and murine xenotransplants were performed to reveal the role of DACH1 in CRC cell proliferation, stemness and tumorigenesis. Immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, RNA interference and microarray data analyses were conducted to demonstrate the association between DACH1 and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway. Findings DACH1 is specifically expressed in discrete crypt base cells, and increased DACH1 expression was found in all stages of CRC. Moreover, the high expression of DACH1 independently predicted poor prognosis. In colon cancer cells, shRNA-mediated suppression of DACH1 inhibited cell growth in vitro and in vivo. By studying the intestinal organoid-based functional model, we found that depletion of DACH1 reduced the organoid formation efficiency and tumour organoid size. DACH1 overexpression stimulated both colonsphere formation and tumour organoid formation in the context of dysregulated BMP signalling. Mechanistic characterizations indicated that overexpression of DACH1 affects a subset of stem cell signature genes implicated in stem cell proliferation and maintenance through the suppression of BMP signalling via SMAD4. Interpretation Together, our study highlights DACH1 as an integral regulator of BMP signalling during intestinal tumorigenesis, and DACH1 could be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoji Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxue Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinxin Rao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoxiang Fu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengxue Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoya Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, and Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Srivastava SP, Goodwin JE. Cancer Biology and Prevention in Diabetes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061380. [PMID: 32498358 PMCID: PMC7349292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The available evidence suggests a complex relationship between diabetes and cancer. Epidemiological data suggest a positive correlation, however, in certain types of cancer, a more complex picture emerges, such as in some site-specific cancers being specific to type I diabetes but not to type II diabetes. Reports share common and differential mechanisms which affect the relationship between diabetes and cancer. We discuss the use of antidiabetic drugs in a wide range of cancer therapy and cancer therapeutics in the development of hyperglycemia, especially antineoplastic drugs which often induce hyperglycemia by targeting insulin/IGF-1 signaling. Similarly, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a well-known target in type II diabetes mellitus, has differential effects on cancer types. Past studies suggest a protective role of DPP-4 inhibitors, but recent studies show that DPP-4 inhibition induces cancer metastasis. Moreover, molecular pathological mechanisms of cancer in diabetes are currently largely unclear. The cancer-causing mechanisms in diabetes have been shown to be complex, including excessive ROS-formation, destruction of essential biomolecules, chronic inflammation, and impaired healing phenomena, collectively leading to carcinogenesis in diabetic conditions. Diabetes-associated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contribute to cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) formation in tumors, allowing the epithelium and endothelium to enable tumor cell extravasation. In this review, we discuss the risk of cancer associated with anti-diabetic therapies, including DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors, and the role of catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT), AMPK, and cell-specific glucocorticoid receptors in cancer biology. We explore possible mechanistic links between diabetes and cancer biology and discuss new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
- Correspondence: (S.P.S.); (J.E.G.)
| | - Julie E. Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
- Correspondence: (S.P.S.); (J.E.G.)
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42
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Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Immunity and Cancer. Immunity 2019; 50:924-940. [PMID: 30995507 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1292] [Impact Index Per Article: 258.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a crucial enforcer of immune homeostasis and tolerance, inhibiting the expansion and function of many components of the immune system. Perturbations in TGF-β signaling underlie inflammatory diseases and promote tumor emergence. TGF-β is also central to immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment, and recent studies have revealed roles in tumor immune evasion and poor responses to cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the TGF-β family and its context-dependent nature. Then, focusing on cancer, we discuss the roles of TGF-β signaling in distinct immune cell types and how this knowledge is being leveraged to unleash the immune system against the tumor.
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43
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The Use of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models for Studying the Function of Mutated Driver Genes in Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091369. [PMID: 31480737 PMCID: PMC6780401 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is often treatment-resistant, with the emerging standard of care, gemcitabine, affording only a few months of incrementally-deteriorating survival. Reflecting on the history of failed clinical trials, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) in oncology research provides the inspiration to discover new treatments for pancreatic cancer that come from better knowledge of pathogenesis mechanisms, not only of the derangements in and consequently acquired capabilities of the cancer cells, but also in the aberrant microenvironment that becomes established to support, sustain, and enhance neoplastic progression. On the other hand, the existing mutational profile of pancreatic cancer guides our understanding of the disease, but leaves many important questions of pancreatic cancer biology unanswered. Over the past decade, a series of transgenic and gene knockout mouse modes have been produced that develop pancreatic cancers with features reflective of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in humans. Animal models of PDAC are likely to be essential to understanding the genetics and biology of the disease and may provide the foundation for advances in early diagnosis and treatment.
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44
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Integrin-Mediated TGFβ Activation Modulates the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091221. [PMID: 31438626 PMCID: PMC6769837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ (transforming growth factor-beta) is a pleotropic cytokine with contrasting effects in cancer. In normal tissue and early tumours, TGFβ acts as a tumour suppressor, limiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. However, these effects are eventually abrogated by the loss or inactivation of downstream signalling within the TGFβ pathway, and in established tumours, TGFβ then acts as a tumour promotor through multiple mechanisms including inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), promoting formation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and increasing angiogenesis. TGFβ is secrereted as a large latent complex and is embedded in the extracellular matrix or held on the surface of cells and must be activated before mediating its multiple functions. Thus, whilst TGFβ is abundant in the tumour microenvironment (TME), its functionality is regulated by local activation. The αv-integrins are major activators of latent-TGFβ. The potential benefits of manipulating the immune TME have been highlighted by the clinical success of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in a number of solid tumour types. TGFβ is a potent suppressor of T-cell-mediated immune surveillance and a key cause of resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, as certain integrins locally activate TGFβ, they are likely to have a role in the immunosuppressive TME, although this remains to be confirmed. In this review, we discussed the role of TGFβ in cancer, the role of integrins in activating TGFβ in the TME, and the potential benefits of targeting integrins to augment immunotherapies.
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45
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Yu Y, Feng XH. TGF-β signaling in cell fate control and cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 61:56-63. [PMID: 31382143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family regulate cell fate decisions during early embryonic development and tissue homeostasis in the adult. Deregulation of TGF-β family signaling contributes to developmental anomalies, fibrotic disorders, tumorigenesis and immune diseases. TGF-β exerts a wide spectrum of cellular functions by activating canonical (SMAD-dependent) or non-canonical (SMAD-independent) pathways in a cell type-specific and context-dependent manner. Here, we focus on recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms and functions of SMAD and non-SMAD pathways in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; DeBakey Department of Surgery and Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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46
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Kaushansky N, Kaminitz A, Allouche-Arnon H, Ben-Nun A. Modulation of MS-like disease by a multi epitope protein is mediated by induction of CD11c +CD11b +Gr1 + myeloid-derived dendritic cells. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 333:476953. [PMID: 31108399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Specific neutralization of the pathogenic autoimmune cells is the ultimate goal in therapy of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, the pathogenic autoimmunity in MS, can be directed against several major target antigens, and therefore targeting pathogenic T-cells directed against a single target antigen is unlikely to be effective. To overcome this multiplicity and the potential complexity of pathogenic autoreactivities in MS, we have put forward the concept of concomitant multi-antigen/multi-epitope targeting as, a conceivably more effective approach to immunotherapy of MS. We constructed an (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomeylitis (EAE)/MS-related synthetic human Target Autoantigen Gene (MS-shMultiTAG) designed to encode in tandem only EAE/MS related epitopes of all known encephalitogenic proteins. The MS-related protein product (designated Y-MSPc) was immunofunctional and upon tolerogenic administration, it effectively suppressed and reversed EAE induced by a single encephalitogenic protein. Furthermore, Y-MSPc also fully abrogated the development of "complex EAE" induced by a mixture of five encephalitogenic T-cell lines, each specific for a different encephalitogenic epitope of MBP, MOG, PLP, MOBP and OSP. Strikingly, Y-MSPc was consistently more effective than treatment with the single disease-specific peptide or with the peptide cocktail, both in suppressing the development of "classical" or "complex" EAE and in ameliorating ongoing disease. Overall, the modulation of EAE by Y-MSPc was associated with anergizing the pathogenic autoreactive T-cells, downregulation of Th1/Th17 cytokine secretion and upregulation of TGF-β secretion. Moreover, we show that both suppression and treatment of ongoing EAE by tolerogenic administration of Y-MSPc is associated also with a remarkable increase in a unique subset of dendritic-cells (DCs), CD11c+CD11b+Gr1+-myeloid derived DCs in both spleen and CNS of treated mice. These DCs, which are with strong immunoregulatory characteristics and are functional in down-modulation of MS-like-disease displayed increased production of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β and low IL-12. Functionally, these myeloid DCs suppress the in-vitro proliferation of myelin-specific T-cells and more importantly, the cells were functional in-vivo, as their adoptive transfer into EAE induced mice resulted in strong suppression of the disease, associated with a remarkable induction of CD4 + FoxP3+ regulatory cells. These results, which highlight the efficacy of "multi-epitope-targeting" agent in induction of functional regulatory CD11c+CD11b+Gr1+myeloid DCs, further indicate the potential role of these DCs in maintaining peripheral tolerance and their involvement in downregulation of MS-like-disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kaushansky
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - A Kaminitz
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - H Allouche-Arnon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Ben-Nun
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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47
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Li N, Babaei-Jadidi R, Lorenzi F, Spencer-Dene B, Clarke P, Domingo E, Tulchinsky E, Vries RGJ, Kerr D, Pan Y, He Y, Bates DO, Tomlinson I, Clevers H, Nateri AS. An FBXW7-ZEB2 axis links EMT and tumour microenvironment to promote colorectal cancer stem cells and chemoresistance. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:13. [PMID: 30783098 PMCID: PMC6381143 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop recurrence after chemotherapy owing to the survival of stem cell-like cells referred to as cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). The origin of CSCs is linked to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Currently, it remains poorly understood how EMT programmes enable CSCs residing in the tumour microenvironment to escape the effects of chemotherapy. This study identifies a key molecular pathway that is responsible for the formation of drug-resistant CSC populations. Using a modified yeast-2-hybrid system and 2D gel-based proteomics methods, we show that the E3-ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 directly binds and degrades the EMT-inducing transcription factor ZEB2 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Loss of FBXW7 induces an EMT that can be effectively reversed by knockdown of ZEB2. The FBXW7-ZEB2 axis regulates such important cancer cell features, as stemness/dedifferentiation, chemoresistance and cell migration in vitro, ex vivo and in animal models of metastasis. High expression of ZEB2 in cancer tissues defines the reduced ZEB2 expression in the cancer-associated stroma in patients and in murine intestinal organoids, demonstrating a tumour-stromal crosstalk that modulates a niche and EMT activation. Our study thus uncovers a new molecular mechanism, by which the CRC cells display differences in resistance to chemotherapy and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Li
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Roya Babaei-Jadidi
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Federica Lorenzi
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Bradley Spencer-Dene
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Henry Wellcome Building of Genomic Medicine, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Philip Clarke
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Enric Domingo
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Henry Wellcome Building of Genomic Medicine, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Eugene Tulchinsky
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Robert G J Vries
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - David Kerr
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yihang Pan
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong He
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - David O Bates
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Henry Wellcome Building of Genomic Medicine, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Abdolrahman S Nateri
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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48
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Wasserman I, Lee LH, Ogino S, Marco MR, Wu C, Chen X, Datta J, Sadot E, Szeglin B, Guillem JG, Paty PB, Weiser MR, Nash GM, Saltz L, Barlas A, Manova-Todorova K, Uppada SPB, Elghouayel AE, Ntiamoah P, Glickman JN, Hamada T, Kosumi K, Inamura K, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cercek A, Ganesh K, Kemeny NE, Dhawan P, Yaeger R, Sawyers CL, Garcia-Aguilar J, Giannakis M, Shia J, Smith JJ. SMAD4 Loss in Colorectal Cancer Patients Correlates with Recurrence, Loss of Immune Infiltrate, and Chemoresistance. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1948-1956. [PMID: 30587545 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE SMAD4 has shown promise in identifying patients with colorectal cancer at high risk of recurrence or death.Experimental Design: A discovery cohort and independent validation cohort were classified by SMAD4 status. SMAD4 status and immune infiltrate measurements were tested for association with recurrence-free survival (RFS). Patient-derived xenografts from SMAD4-deficient and SMAD4-retained tumors were used to examine chemoresistance. RESULTS The discovery cohort consisted of 364 patients with stage I-IV colorectal cancer. Median age at diagnosis was 53 years. The cohort consisted of 61% left-sided tumors and 62% stage II/III patients. Median follow-up was 5.4 years (interquartile range, 2.3-8.2). SMAD4 loss, noted in 13% of tumors, was associated with higher tumor and nodal stage, adjuvant therapy use, fewer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and lower peritumoral lymphocyte aggregate (PLA) scores (all P < 0.04). SMAD4 loss was associated with worse RFS (P = 0.02). When stratified by SMAD4 and immune infiltrate status, patients with SMAD4 loss and low TIL or PLA had worse RFS (P = 0.002 and P = 0.006, respectively). Among patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based systemic chemotherapy, those with SMAD4 loss had a median RFS of 3.8 years compared with 13 years for patients with SMAD4 retained. In xenografted mice, the SMAD4-lost tumors displayed resistance to 5-FU. An independent cohort replicated our findings, in particular, the association of SMAD4 loss with decreased immune infiltrate, as well as worse disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data show SMAD4 loss correlates with worse clinical outcome, resistance to chemotherapy, and decreased immune infiltrate, supporting its use as a prognostic marker in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Wasserman
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lik Hang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael R Marco
- Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chao Wu
- Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jashodeep Datta
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eran Sadot
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bryan Szeglin
- Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jose G Guillem
- Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Philip B Paty
- Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Martin R Weiser
- Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Garrett M Nash
- Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Leonard Saltz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Afsar Barlas
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Katia Manova-Todorova
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Srijaya Prakash Babu Uppada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Arthur E Elghouayel
- Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia
| | - Peter Ntiamoah
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Cercek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nancy E Kemeny
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Charles L Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Julio Garcia-Aguilar
- Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - J Joshua Smith
- Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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49
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Poffenberger MC, Metcalfe-Roach A, Aguilar E, Chen J, Hsu BE, Wong AH, Johnson RM, Flynn B, Samborska B, Ma EH, Gravel SP, Tonelli L, Devorkin L, Kim P, Hall A, Izreig S, Loginicheva E, Beauchemin N, Siegel PM, Artyomov MN, Lum JJ, Zogopoulos G, Blagih J, Jones RG. LKB1 deficiency in T cells promotes the development of gastrointestinal polyposis. Science 2018; 361:406-411. [PMID: 30049881 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in STK11, which encodes the tumor suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1), promote Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by the development of gastrointestinal (GI) polyps. Here, we report that heterozygous deletion of Stk11 in T cells (LThet mice) is sufficient to promote GI polyposis. Polyps from LThet mice, Stk11+/- mice, and human PJS patients display hallmarks of chronic inflammation, marked by inflammatory immune-cell infiltration, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, and increased expression of inflammatory factors associated with cancer progression [interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-11, and CXCL2]. Targeting either T cells, IL-6, or STAT3 signaling reduced polyp growth in Stk11+/- animals. Our results identify LKB1-mediated inflammation as a tissue-extrinsic regulator of intestinal polyposis in PJS, suggesting possible therapeutic approaches by targeting deregulated inflammation in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Poffenberger
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - A Metcalfe-Roach
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - E Aguilar
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - J Chen
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - B E Hsu
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - A H Wong
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - R M Johnson
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Genentech, 1 DNA Way South, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - B Flynn
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - B Samborska
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - E H Ma
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - S-P Gravel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - L Tonelli
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - L Devorkin
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - P Kim
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - A Hall
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - S Izreig
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - E Loginicheva
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - N Beauchemin
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - P M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - M N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J J Lum
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia V8R 6V5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - G Zogopoulos
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - J Blagih
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - R G Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E Hollstein
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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