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Harders RH, Morthorst TH, Landgrebe LE, Lande AD, Fuglsang MS, Mortensen SB, Feteira-Montero V, Jensen HH, Wesseltoft JB, Olsen A. CED-6/GULP and components of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis machinery act redundantly to correctly display CED-1 on the cell membrane in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae088. [PMID: 38696649 PMCID: PMC11228867 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
CED-1 (cell death abnormal) is a transmembrane receptor involved in the recognition of "eat-me" signals displayed on the surface of apoptotic cells and thus central for the subsequent engulfment of the cell corpse in Caenorhabditis elegans. The roles of CED-1 in engulfment are well established, as are its downstream effectors. The latter include the adapter protein CED-6/GULP and the ATP-binding cassette family homolog CED-7. However, how CED-1 is maintained on the plasma membrane in the absence of engulfment is currently unknown. Here, we show that CED-6 and CED-7 have a novel role in maintaining CED-1 correctly on the plasma membrane. We propose that the underlying mechanism is via endocytosis as CED-6 and CED-7 act redundantly with clathrin and its adaptor, the Adaptor protein 2 complex, in ensuring correct CED-1 localization. In conclusion, CED-6 and CED-7 impact other cellular processes than engulfment of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hindsgaul Harders
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Tine H Morthorst
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Line E Landgrebe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Anna D Lande
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Marie Sikjær Fuglsang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Stine Bothilde Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Verónica Feteira-Montero
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Helene Halkjær Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bruhn Wesseltoft
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Anders Olsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
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2
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Begley M, Aragon M, Baker RW. A structure-based mechanism for initiation of AP-3 coated vesicle formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597630. [PMID: 38895279 PMCID: PMC11185636 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) mediates cargo sorting from endosomes to lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles. Recently, it was shown that AP-3 is in a constitutively open, active conformation compared to the related AP-1 and AP-2 coat complexes, which are inactive until undergoing large conformational changes upon membrane recruitment. How AP-3 is regulated is therefore an open question. To understand the mechanism of AP-3 membrane recruitment and activation, we reconstituted the core of human AP-3 and determined multiple structures in the soluble and membrane-bound states using electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM). Similar to yeast AP-3, human AP-3 is in a constitutively open conformation, with the cargo-binding domain of the μ3 subunit conformationally free. To reconstitute AP-3 activation by the small GTPase Arf1, we used lipid nanodiscs to build Arf1-AP-3 complexes on membranes and determined three structures that show the stepwise conformational changes required for formation of AP-3 coated vesicles. First, membrane-recruitment is driven by one of two predicted Arf1 binding sites on AP-3. In this conformation, AP-3 is flexibly tethered to the membrane and its cargo binding domain remains conformationally dynamic. Second, cargo binding causes AP-3 to adopt a fixed position and rigidifies the complex, which stabilizes binding for a second Arf1 molecule. Finally, binding of the second Arf1 molecule provides the template for AP-3 dimerization, providing a glimpse into the first step of coat polymerization. We propose coat polymerization only occurs after cargo engagement, thereby linking cargo sorting with assembly of higher order coat structures. Additionally, we provide evidence for two amphipathic helices in AP-3, suggesting that AP-3 contributes to membrane deformation during coat assembly. In total, these data provide evidence for the first stages of AP-3 mediated vesicle coat assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Begley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine; Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Mahira Aragon
- New York Structural Biology Center; New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Richard W. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine; Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine; Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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3
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Read ML, Brookes K, Zha L, Manivannan S, Kim J, Kocbiyik M, Fletcher A, Gorvin CM, Firth G, Fruhwirth GO, Nicola JP, Jhiang S, Ringel MD, Campbell MJ, Sunassee K, Blower PJ, Boelaert K, Nieto HR, Smith VE, McCabe CJ. Combined Vorinostat and Chloroquine Inhibit Sodium-Iodide Symporter Endocytosis and Enhance Radionuclide Uptake In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1352-1366. [PMID: 37921808 PMCID: PMC7615786 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with aggressive thyroid cancer are frequently failed by the central therapy of ablative radioiodide (RAI) uptake, due to reduced plasma membrane (PM) localization of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). We aimed to understand how NIS is endocytosed away from the PM of human thyroid cancer cells, and whether this was druggable in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Informed by analysis of endocytic gene expression in patients with aggressive thyroid cancer, we used mutagenesis, NanoBiT interaction assays, cell surface biotinylation assays, RAI uptake, and NanoBRET to understand the mechanisms of NIS endocytosis in transformed cell lines and patient-derived human primary thyroid cells. Systemic drug responses were monitored via 99mTc pertechnetate gamma counting and gene expression in BALB/c mice. RESULTS We identified an acidic dipeptide within the NIS C-terminus that mediates binding to the σ2 subunit of the Adaptor Protein 2 (AP2) heterotetramer. We discovered that the FDA-approved drug chloroquine (CQ) modulates NIS accumulation at the PM in a functional manner that is AP2 dependent. In vivo, CQ treatment of BALB/c mice significantly enhanced thyroidal uptake of 99mTc pertechnetate in combination with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat/SAHA, accompanied by increased thyroidal NIS mRNA. Bioinformatic analyses validated the clinical relevance of AP2 genes with disease-free survival in RAI-treated DTC, enabling construction of an AP2 gene-related risk score classifier for predicting recurrence. CONCLUSIONS NIS internalization is specifically druggable in vivo. Our data, therefore, provide new translatable potential for improving RAI therapy using FDA-approved drugs in patients with aggressive thyroid cancer. See related commentary by Lechner and Brent, p. 1220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L. Read
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katie Brookes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ling Zha
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Selvambigai Manivannan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jana Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Merve Kocbiyik
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alice Fletcher
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline M. Gorvin
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - George Firth
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gilbert O. Fruhwirth
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Juan P. Nicola
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sissy Jhiang
- Divison of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and Cancer Biology Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew D. Ringel
- Divison of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and Cancer Biology Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kavitha Sunassee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Kristien Boelaert
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hannah R. Nieto
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vicki E. Smith
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher J. McCabe
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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4
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Matsubayashi HT, Mountain J, Takahashi N, Deb Roy A, Yao T, Peterson AF, Saez Gonzalez C, Kawamata I, Inoue T. Non-catalytic role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in mesenchymal cell migration through non-canonical induction of p85β/AP2-mediated endocytosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2612. [PMID: 38521786 PMCID: PMC10960865 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) galvanizes fundamental cellular processes such as migration, proliferation, and differentiation. To enable these multifaceted roles, the catalytic subunit p110 utilizes the multi-domain, regulatory subunit p85 through its inter SH2 domain (iSH2). In cell migration, its product PI(3,4,5)P3 generates locomotive activity. While non-catalytic roles are also implicated, underlying mechanisms and their relationship to PI(3,4,5)P3 signaling remain elusive. Here, we report that a disordered region of iSH2 contains AP2 binding motifs which can trigger clathrin and dynamin-mediated endocytosis independent of PI3K catalytic activity. The AP2 binding motif mutants of p85 aberrantly accumulate at focal adhesions and increase both velocity and persistency in fibroblast migration. We thus propose the dual functionality of PI3K in the control of cell motility, catalytic and non-catalytic, arising distinctly from juxtaposed regions within iSH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki T Matsubayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Tohoku, Japan.
| | - Jack Mountain
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Abhijit Deb Roy
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tony Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy F Peterson
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cristian Saez Gonzalez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ibuki Kawamata
- Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Tohoku, Japan
- Natural Science Division, Ochanomizu University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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5
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Harmych SJ, Tydings CW, Meiler J, Singh B. Sequence and structural insights of monoleucine-based sorting motifs contained within the cytoplasmic domains of basolateral proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1379224. [PMID: 38495621 PMCID: PMC10940456 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1379224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Delivery to the correct membrane domain in polarized epithelial cells is a critical regulatory mechanism for transmembrane proteins. The trafficking of these proteins is directed by short amino acid sequences known as sorting motifs. In six basolaterally-localized proteins lacking the canonical tyrosine- and dileucine-based basolateral sorting motifs, a monoleucine-based sorting motif has been identified. This review will discuss these proteins with an identified monoleucine-based sorting motif, their conserved structural features, as well as the future directions of study for this non-canonical basolateral sorting motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Harmych
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Claiborne W. Tydings
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bhuminder Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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6
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Carter T, Iqbal M. The Influenza A Virus Replication Cycle: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2024; 16:316. [PMID: 38400091 PMCID: PMC10892522 DOI: 10.3390/v16020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is the primary causative agent of influenza, colloquially called the flu. Each year, it infects up to a billion people, resulting in hundreds of thousands of human deaths, and causes devastating avian outbreaks with worldwide losses worth billions of dollars. Always present is the possibility that a highly pathogenic novel subtype capable of direct human-to-human transmission will spill over into humans, causing a pandemic as devastating if not more so than the 1918 influenza pandemic. While antiviral drugs for influenza do exist, they target very few aspects of IAV replication and risk becoming obsolete due to antiviral resistance. Antivirals targeting other areas of IAV replication are needed to overcome this resistance and combat the yearly epidemics, which exact a serious toll worldwide. This review aims to summarise the key steps in the IAV replication cycle, along with highlighting areas of research that need more focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Carter
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK;
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7
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Huang HN, Hung PF, Chen YP, Lee CH. Leucine Zipper Downregulated in Cancer-1 Interacts with Clathrin Adaptors to Control Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Internalization and Gefitinib Response in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1374. [PMID: 38338651 PMCID: PMC10855387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a common driver of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clathrin-mediated internalization (CMI) sustains EGFR signaling. AXL is associated with resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in EGFR-mutated (EGFRM) NSCLC. We investigated the effects of Leucine zipper downregulated in cancer-1 (LDOC1) on EGFR CMI and NSCLC treatment. Coimmunoprecipitation, double immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy analysis, cell surface labelling assays, and immunohistochemistry studies were conducted. We revealed that LDOC1 interacts with clathrin adaptors through binding motifs. LDOC1 depletion promotes internalization and plasma membrane recycling of EGFR in EGFRM NSCLC PC9 and HCC827 cells. Membranous and cytoplasmic EGFR decreased and increased, respectively, in LDOC1 (-) NSCLC tumors. LDOC1 depletion enhanced and sustained activation of EGFR, AXL, and HER2 and enhanced activation of HER3 in PC9 and HCC827 cells. Sensitivity to first-generation EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib and erlotinib) was significantly reduced in LDOC1-depleted PC9 and HCC827 cells. Moreover, LDOC1 downregulation was significantly associated (p < 0.001) with poor overall survival in patients with EGFRM NSCLC receiving gefitinib (n = 100). In conclusion, LDOC1 may regulate the efficacy of first-generation EGFR-TKIs by participating in the CMI of EGFR. Accordingly, LDOC1 may function as a prognostic biomarker for EGFRM NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Neng Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, No. 25, Ln. 442, Section 1, Jingguo Road, North Dist., Hsinchu 300195, Taiwan;
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Feng Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan 350401, Taiwan; (P.-F.H.); (Y.-P.C.)
| | - Yai-Ping Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan 350401, Taiwan; (P.-F.H.); (Y.-P.C.)
| | - Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan 350401, Taiwan; (P.-F.H.); (Y.-P.C.)
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8
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Dong X, Li C, Deng C, Liu J, Li D, Zhou T, Yang X, Liu Y, Guo Q, Feng Y, Yu Y, Wang Z, Guo W, Zhang S, Cui H, Jiang C, Wang X, Song X, Sun X, Cao L. Regulated secretion of mutant p53 negatively affects T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment. Oncogene 2024; 43:92-105. [PMID: 37952080 PMCID: PMC10774126 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the role of the oncogenic mutant p53 in promoting tumor progression; however, there is limited information on the effects of secreted oncogenic mutant p53 on the tumor microenvironment and tumor immune escape. In this study, we found that secretion of mutant p53, determined by exosome content, is dependent on its N-terminal dileucine motif via its binding to β-adaptin, and inhibited by the CHK2-mediated-Ser 20 phosphorylation. Moreover, we observed that the mutant p53 caused downregulation and dysfunction of CD4+ T lymphocytes in vivo and downregulated the levels and activities of rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of mutant p53 secretion by knocking down AP1B1 or mutation of dileucine motif could reverse the quantity and function of CD4+ T lymphocytes and restrain the tumor growth. Our study demonstrates that the tumor-derived exosome-mediated secretion of oncogenic mutant p53 inhibits glycolysis to alter the immune microenvironment via functional suppression of CD4+ T cells, which may be the underlying mechanism for tumor immune escape. Therefore, targeting TDE-mediated p53 secretion may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dong
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunlu Li
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengsi Deng
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xindi Yang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunchan Liu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wendong Guo
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cui Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiwen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xun Sun
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Liu Cao
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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9
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Iwamoto Y, Ye AA, Shirazinejad C, Hurley JH, Drubin DG. Kinetic investigation reveals an HIV-1 Nef-dependent increase in AP-2 recruitment and productivity at endocytic sites. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar9. [PMID: 37938925 PMCID: PMC10881171 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-04-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 accessory protein Nef hijacks clathrin adaptors to degrade or mislocalize host proteins involved in antiviral defenses. Here, using quantitative live-cell microscopy in genome-edited Jurkat cells, we investigate the impact of Nef on clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), a major pathway for membrane protein internalization in mammalian cells. Nef is recruited to CME sites on the plasma membrane, and this recruitment is associated with an increase in the recruitment and lifetime of the CME coat protein AP-2 and the late-arriving CME protein dynamin2. Furthermore, we find that CME sites that recruit Nef are more likely to recruit dynamin2 and transferrin, suggesting that Nef recruitment to CME sites promotes site maturation to ensure high efficiency in host protein downregulation. Implications of these observations for HIV-1 infection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Anna A. Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Cyna Shirazinejad
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - James H. Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - David G. Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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10
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Li Y, Zhang C, Peng G. Ap4s1 truncation leads to axonal defects in a zebrafish model of spastic paraplegia 52. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:753-764. [PMID: 37767851 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in AP4S1, the σ4 subunit of the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4), lead to autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 52 (SPG52). It is a subtype of AP-4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia (AP-4-HSP), a complex childhood-onset neurogenetic disease characterized by progressive spastic paraplegia of the lower limbs. This disease has so far lacked effective treatment, in part due to a lack of suitable animal models. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate a truncation mutation in the ap4s1 gene in zebrafish. The ap4s1 truncation led to motor impairment, delayed neurodevelopment, and distal axonal degeneration. This animal model is useful for further research into AP-4 and AP-4-HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiduo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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De Meyer A, Grones P, Van Damme D. How will I recognize you? Insights into endocytic cargo recognition in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102429. [PMID: 37523901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) houses a wide variety of proteins, facilitating interactions between the cell and its surroundings. Perception of external stimuli leads to selective internalization of membrane proteins via endocytosis. A multitude of endocytic signals affect protein internalization; however, their coordination and the exact mechanism of their recognition still remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the up-to-date knowledge of different internalization signals in PM cargo proteins and their involvement during protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Grones
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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S Cannon K, Sarsam RD, Tedamrongwanish T, Zhang K, Baker RW. Lipid nanodiscs as a template for high-resolution cryo-EM structures of peripheral membrane proteins. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107989. [PMID: 37364761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral membrane proteins are ubiquitous throughout cell biology and are required for a variety of cellular processes such as signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and autophagy. Transient binding to the membrane has a profound impact on protein function, serving to induce conformational changes and alter biochemical and biophysical parameters by increasing the local concentration of factors and restricting diffusion to two dimensions. Despite the centrality of the membrane in serving as a template for cell biology, there are few reported high-resolution structures of peripheral membrane proteins bound to the membrane. We analyzed the utility of lipid nanodiscs to serve as a template for cryo-EM analysis of peripheral membrane proteins. We tested a variety of nanodiscs and we report a 3.3 Å structure of the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex bound to a 17-nm nanodisc, with sufficient resolution to visualize a bound lipid head group. Our data demonstrate that lipid nanodiscs are amenable to high-resolution structure determination of peripheral membrane proteins and provide a framework for extending this analysis to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Cannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Reta D Sarsam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Tanita Tedamrongwanish
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Richard W Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
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13
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Zhang C. Internalization and trafficking of zinc transporters. Methods Enzymol 2023; 687:241-262. [PMID: 37666634 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In huma, two transporter families, the zinc transporters (ZNT/solute carrier 30 family [SLC30A]) and the Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIP/solute carrier 39 family [SLC39A]), play vital roles in maintaining zinc homeostasis. ZIPs could increase the concentration of cytosolic Zn2+ by importing zinc from the extracellular environment or organelles into the cytosol, while ZnTs work in the opposite direction as they mediate the export of zinc from the cytosol into organelles or out of the cells. Mammalian cells express 10 ZnT exporters and 14 ZIP importers, and zinc or other transition metal ions may modulate their gene expression. The localization and post-translational trafficking of zinc transporters within the cells are often controlled in response to varying zinc concentrations, which likely impact the regulation of cellular zinc homeostasis. This chapter briefly summarizes the progress made on the intracellular trafficking of ZIPs and outlines the protocols used to study the endocytosis and trafficking of a representative human zinc transporter, ZIP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China.
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14
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Pereira D, Santamaria A, Pawar N, Carrascosa-Tejedor J, Sardo M, Mafra L, Guzmán E, Owen DJ, Zaccai NR, Maestro A, Marín-Montesinos I. Engineering phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate model membranes enriched in endocytic cargo: A neutron reflectometry, AFM and QCM-D structural study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 227:113341. [PMID: 37210796 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The combination of in vitro models of biological membranes based on solid-supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) and of surface sensitive techniques, such as neutron reflectometry (NR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), is well suited to provide quantitative information about molecular level interactions and lipid spatial distributions. In this work, cellular plasma membranes have been mimicked by designing complex SLB, containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns4,5P2) lipids as well as incorporating synthetic lipo-peptides that simulate the cytoplasmic tails of transmembrane proteins. The QCM-D results revealed that the adsorption and fusion kinetics of PtdIns4,5P2 are highly dependent of Mg2+. Additionally, it was shown that increasing concentrations of PtdIns4,5P2 leads to the formation of SLBs with higher homogeneity. The presence of PtdIns4,5P2 clusters was visualized by AFM. NR provided important insights about the structural organization of the various components within the SLB, highlighting that the leaflet symmetry of these SLBs is broken by the presence of CD4-derived cargo peptides. Finally, we foresee our study to be a starting point for more sophisticated in vitro models of biological membranes with the incorporation of inositol phospholipids and synthetic endocytic motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Cedex 9, Grenoble, France
| | - Andreas Santamaria
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Cedex 9, Grenoble, France; Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nisha Pawar
- Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) - Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Javier Carrascosa-Tejedor
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Cedex 9, Grenoble, France; Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Mariana Sardo
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís Mafra
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David J Owen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB22 7QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathan R Zaccai
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB22 7QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Armando Maestro
- Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) - Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain.
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15
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Iwamoto Y, Ye A, Shirazinejad C, Hurley JH, Drubin DG. Kinetic investigation reveals an HIV-1 Nef-dependent increase in AP-2 recruitment and productivity at endocytic sites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.18.537262. [PMID: 37131815 PMCID: PMC10153213 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.537262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviruses express non-enzymatic accessory proteins whose function is to subvert cellular machinery in the infected host. The HIV-1 accessory protein Nef hijacks clathrin adaptors to degrade or mislocalize host proteins involved in antiviral defenses. Here, we investigate the interaction between Nef and clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), a major pathway for membrane protein internalization in mammalian cells, using quantitative live-cell microscopy in genome-edited Jurkat cells. Nef is recruited to CME sites on the plasma membrane, and this recruitment correlates with an increase in the recruitment and lifetime of CME coat protein AP-2 and late-arriving CME protein dynamin2. Furthermore, we find that CME sites that recruit Nef are more likely to recruit dynamin2, suggesting that Nef recruitment to CME sites promotes CME site maturation to ensure high efficiency in host protein downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720, USA
| | - Anna Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720, USA
| | - Cyna Shirazinejad
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - James H Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David G Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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16
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Jin J, Iwama R, Horiuchi H. The N-terminal disordered region of ChsB regulates its efficient transport to the hyphal apical surface in Aspergillus nidulans. Curr Genet 2023; 69:175-188. [PMID: 37071151 PMCID: PMC10163080 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-023-01267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
In fungi, the cell wall plays a crucial role in morphogenesis and response to stress from the external environment. Chitin is one of the main cell wall components in many filamentous fungi. In Aspergillus nidulans, a class III chitin synthase ChsB plays a pivotal role in hyphal extension and morphogenesis. However, little is known about post-translational modifications of ChsB and their functional impacts. In this study, we showed that ChsB is phosphorylated in vivo. We characterized strains that produce ChsB using stepwise truncations of its N-terminal disordered region or deletions of some residues in that region and demonstrated its involvement in ChsB abundance on the hyphal apical surface and in hyphal tip localization. Furthermore, we showed that some deletions in this region affected the phosphorylation states of ChsB, raising the possibility that these states are important for the localization of ChsB to the hyphal surface and the growth of A. nidulans. Our findings indicate that ChsB transport is regulated by its N-terminal disordered region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong, 261325, China
| | - Ryo Iwama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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17
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Gollapudi S, Jamal S, Kamatar A, Yuan F, Wang L, Lafer EM, Belardi B, Stachowiak JC. Steric pressure between glycosylated transmembrane proteins inhibits internalization by endocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215815120. [PMID: 37023126 PMCID: PMC10104535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215815120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is essential for the removal of transmembrane proteins from the plasma membrane in all eukaryotic cells. Many transmembrane proteins are glycosylated. These proteins collectively comprise the glycocalyx, a sugar-rich layer at the cell surface, which is responsible for intercellular adhesion and recognition. Previous work has suggested that glycosylation of transmembrane proteins reduces their removal from the plasma membrane by endocytosis. However, the mechanism responsible for this effect remains unknown. To study the impact of glycosylation on endocytosis, we replaced the ectodomain of the transferrin receptor, a well-studied transmembrane protein that undergoes clathrin-mediated endocytosis, with the ectodomain of MUC1, which is highly glycosylated. When we expressed this transmembrane fusion protein in mammalian epithelial cells, we found that its recruitment to endocytic structures was substantially reduced in comparison to a version of the protein that lacked the MUC1 ectodomain. This reduction could not be explained by a loss of mobility on the cell surface or changes in endocytic dynamics. Instead, we found that the bulky MUC1 ectodomain presented a steric barrier to endocytosis. Specifically, the peptide backbone of the ectodomain and its glycosylation each made steric contributions, which drove comparable reductions in endocytosis. These results suggest that glycosylation constitutes a biophysical signal for retention of transmembrane proteins at the plasma membrane. This mechanism could be modulated in multiple disease states that exploit the glycocalyx, from cancer to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Gollapudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Sabah Jamal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Advika Kamatar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Eileen M. Lafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Brian Belardi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Jeanne C. Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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18
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Abstract
The global prevalences of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have reached epidemic status, presenting a heavy burden on society. It is therefore essential to find novel mechanisms and targets that could be utilized in potential treatment strategies and, as such, intracellular membrane trafficking has re-emerged as a regulatory tool for controlling metabolic homeostasis. Membrane trafficking is an essential physiological process that is responsible for the sorting and distribution of signalling receptors, membrane transporters and hormones or other ligands between different intracellular compartments and the plasma membrane. Dysregulation of intracellular transport is associated with many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, immune deficiencies and metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. This Review focuses on the latest advances on the role of endosomal membrane trafficking in metabolic physiology and pathology in vivo, highlighting the importance of this research field in targeting metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1065 C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity, Nice, France.
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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19
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Wang Y, Zhu CL, Li P, Liu Q, Li HR, Yu CM, Deng XM, Wang JF. The role of G protein-coupled receptor in neutrophil dysfunction during sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112196. [PMID: 36891309 PMCID: PMC9986442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection. It is a common and complex syndrome and is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The lungs are most vulnerable to the challenge of sepsis, and the incidence of respiratory dysfunction has been reported to be up to 70%, in which neutrophils play a major role. Neutrophils are the first line of defense against infection, and they are regarded as the most responsive cells in sepsis. Normally, neutrophils recognize chemokines including the bacterial product N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), complement 5a (C5a), and lipid molecules Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), and enter the site of infection through mobilization, rolling, adhesion, migration, and chemotaxis. However, numerous studies have confirmed that despite the high levels of chemokines in septic patients and mice at the site of infection, the neutrophils cannot migrate to the proper target location, but instead they accumulate in the lungs, releasing histones, DNA, and proteases that mediate tissue damage and induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This is closely related to impaired neutrophil migration in sepsis, but the mechanism involved is still unclear. Many studies have shown that chemokine receptor dysregulation is an important cause of impaired neutrophil migration, and the vast majority of these chemokine receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways by which neutrophil GPCR regulates chemotaxis and the mechanisms by which abnormal GPCR function in sepsis leads to impaired neutrophil chemotaxis, which can further cause ARDS. Several potential targets for intervention are proposed to improve neutrophil chemotaxis, and we hope that this review may provide insights for clinical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Ru Li
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chang-Meng Yu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Deng
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Faculty of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Wen QX, Luo B, Xie XY, Zhou GF, Chen J, Song L, Liu Y, Xie SQ, Chen L, Li KY, Xiang XJ, Chen GJ. AP2S1 regulates APP degradation through late endosome-lysosome fusion in cells and APP/PS1 mice. Traffic 2023; 24:20-33. [PMID: 36412210 PMCID: PMC10107530 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AP2S1 is the sigma 2 subunit of adaptor protein 2 (AP2) that is essential for endocytosis. In this study, we investigated the potential role of AP2S1 in intracellular processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), which contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) by generating the toxic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). We found that knockdown or overexpression of AP2S1 decreased or increased the protein levels of APP and Aβ in cells stably expressing human full-length APP695, respectively. This effect was unrelated to endocytosis but involved lysosomal degradation. Morphological studies revealed that silencing of AP2S1 promoted the translocalization of APP from RAB9-positive late endosomes (LE) to LAMP1-positive lysosomes, which was paralleled by the enhanced LE-lysosome fusion. In support, silencing of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 (VPS41) that is implicated in LE-lyso fusion prevented AP2S1-mediated regulation of APP degradation and translocalization. In APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of AD, AAV-mediated delivery of AP2S1 shRNA in the hippocampus significantly reduced the protein levels of APP and Aβ, with the concomitant APP translocalization, LE-lyso fusion and the improved cognitive functions. Taken together, these data uncover a LE-lyso fusion mechanism in APP degradation and suggest a novel role for AP2S1 in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Qi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 plays a major role in HPV-induced malignancy, perturbing cell cycle regulation, and driving cell proliferation. Major targets of cancer-causing HPV E7 proteins are the pRB family of tumor suppressors, which E7 targets for proteasome-mediated degradation and whose interaction is promoted through an acidic patch, downstream of the LXCXE motif in E7, that is subject to phosphorylation by casein kinase II (CKII). In this study we show that HPV-16 E7 targets the AP2-complex, which plays a critical role in cargo recognition in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Intriguingly, HPV-16 E7 contains a specific amino acid sequence for AP2 recognition, and this overlaps the pRb LXCXE recognition sequence but involves completely different amino acid residues. HPV-16 E7 does this by binding to the AP2-μ2 adaptor protein subunit via residues 25-YEQL-28 within the LXCXE motif. Point mutations at Y25 within 22-LYCYE-26 suggest that the interaction of E7 with AP2-μ2 is independent from pRB binding. In cells, this interaction is modulated by acidic residues downstream of LXCXE, with the binding being facilitated by CKII-phosphorylation of the serines at positions 31 and 32. Finally, we also show that association of HPV-16 E7 with the AP2 adaptor complex can contribute to cellular transformation under low-nutrient conditions, which appears to be mediated, in part, through inhibition of AP2-mediated internalization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This indicates that E7 can modulate endocytic transport pathways, with one such component, EGFR, most likely contributing toward the ability of E7 to induce cell transformation and malignancy. These studies define a new and unexpected role for HPV-16 E7 in targeting clathrin-mediated endocytosis. IMPORTANCE Despite being a very small protein, HPV-E7 has a wide range of functions within the infected cell, many of which can lead to cell transformation. High-risk HPV-E7 deregulates the function of many cellular proteins, perturbing cellular homeostasis. We show that a novel target of HPV-E7 is the clathrin-adaptor protein 2 complex (AP2) μ2 subunit, interacting via residues within E7's pRB-binding region. Mutational studies show that an AP2 recognition motif is present in the CR2 region and is conserved in >50 HPV types, suggesting a common function for this motif in HPV biology. Mutational analysis suggests that this motif is important for cellular transformation, potentially modulating endocytosis of growth factor receptors such as EGFR, and thus being a novel activity of E7 in modulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis and cargo selection. This study has important implications for the molecular basis of E7 function in modulating protein trafficking at the cell surface.
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22
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The retinal pigmentation pathway in human albinism: Not so black and white. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101091. [PMID: 35729001 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Albinism is a pigment disorder affecting eye, skin and/or hair. Patients usually have decreased melanin in affected tissues and suffer from severe visual abnormalities, including foveal hypoplasia and chiasmal misrouting. Combining our data with those of the literature, we propose a single functional genetic retinal signalling pathway that includes all 22 currently known human albinism disease genes. We hypothesise that defects affecting the genesis or function of different intra-cellular organelles, including melanosomes, cause syndromic forms of albinism (Hermansky-Pudlak (HPS) and Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS)). We put forward that specific melanosome impairments cause different forms of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1-8). Further, we incorporate GPR143 that has been implicated in ocular albinism (OA1), characterised by a phenotype limited to the eye. Finally, we include the SLC38A8-associated disorder FHONDA that causes an even more restricted "albinism-related" ocular phenotype with foveal hypoplasia and chiasmal misrouting but without pigmentation defects. We propose the following retinal pigmentation pathway, with increasingly specific genetic and cellular defects causing an increasingly specific ocular phenotype: (HPS1-11/CHS: syndromic forms of albinism)-(OCA1-8: OCA)-(GPR143: OA1)-(SLC38A8: FHONDA). Beyond disease genes involvement, we also evaluate a range of (candidate) regulatory and signalling mechanisms affecting the activity of the pathway in retinal development, retinal pigmentation and albinism. We further suggest that the proposed pigmentation pathway is also involved in other retinal disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration. The hypotheses put forward in this report provide a framework for further systematic studies in albinism and melanin pigmentation disorders.
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Liu Y, Xu P, Rivara S, Liu C, Ricci J, Ren X, Hurley JH, Ablasser A. Clathrin-associated AP-1 controls termination of STING signalling. Nature 2022; 610:761-767. [PMID: 36261523 PMCID: PMC9605868 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) functions downstream of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase in DNA sensing or as a direct receptor for bacterial cyclic dinucleotides and small molecules to activate immunity during infection, cancer and immunotherapy1-10. Precise regulation of STING is essential to ensure balanced immune responses and prevent detrimental autoinflammation11-16. After activation, STING, a transmembrane protein, traffics from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, where its phosphorylation by the protein kinase TBK1 enables signal transduction17-20. The mechanism that ends STING signalling at the Golgi remains unknown. Here we show that adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) controls the termination of STING-dependent immune activation. We find that AP-1 sorts phosphorylated STING into clathrin-coated transport vesicles for delivery to the endolysosomal system, where STING is degraded21. We identify a highly conserved dileucine motif in the cytosolic C-terminal tail (CTT) of STING that, together with TBK1-dependent CTT phosphorylation, dictates the AP-1 engagement of STING. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of AP-1 in complex with phosphorylated STING explains the enhanced recognition of TBK1-activated STING. We show that suppression of AP-1 exacerbates STING-induced immune responses. Our results reveal a structural mechanism of negative regulation of STING and establish that the initiation of signalling is inextricably associated with its termination to enable transient activation of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pengbiao Xu
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Rivara
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chong Liu
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Ricci
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James H Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Ablasser
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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24
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Cui L, Li H, Xi Y, Hu Q, Liu H, Fan J, Xiang Y, Zhang X, Shui W, Lai Y. Vesicle trafficking and vesicle fusion: mechanisms, biological functions, and their implications for potential disease therapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:29. [PMID: 36129576 PMCID: PMC9492833 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular vesicle trafficking is the fundamental process to maintain the homeostasis of membrane-enclosed organelles in eukaryotic cells. These organelles transport cargo from the donor membrane to the target membrane through the cargo containing vesicles. Vesicle trafficking pathway includes vesicle formation from the donor membrane, vesicle transport, and vesicle fusion with the target membrane. Coat protein mediated vesicle formation is a delicate membrane budding process for cargo molecules selection and package into vesicle carriers. Vesicle transport is a dynamic and specific process for the cargo containing vesicles translocation from the donor membrane to the target membrane. This process requires a group of conserved proteins such as Rab GTPases, motor adaptors, and motor proteins to ensure vesicle transport along cytoskeletal track. Soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptors (SNARE)-mediated vesicle fusion is the final process for vesicle unloading the cargo molecules at the target membrane. To ensure vesicle fusion occurring at a defined position and time pattern in eukaryotic cell, multiple fusogenic proteins, such as synaptotagmin (Syt), complexin (Cpx), Munc13, Munc18 and other tethering factors, cooperate together to precisely regulate the process of vesicle fusion. Dysfunctions of the fusogenic proteins in SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion are closely related to many diseases. Recent studies have suggested that stimulated membrane fusion can be manipulated pharmacologically via disruption the interface between the SNARE complex and Ca2+ sensor protein. Here, we summarize recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of vesicle trafficking, and implications for the development of new therapeutics based on the manipulation of vesicle fusion.
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25
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Wu G, Jia Z, Rui P, Zheng H, Lu Y, Lin L, Peng J, Rao S, Wang A, Chen J, Yan F. Acidic dileucine motifs in the cylindrical inclusion protein of turnip mosaic virus are crucial for endosomal targeting and viral replication. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1381-1389. [PMID: 35611885 PMCID: PMC9366067 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously we reported that the multifunctional cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is targeted to endosomes through the interaction with the medium subunit of adaptor protein complex 2 (AP2β), which is essential for viral infection. Although several functionally important regions in the CI have been identified, little is known about the determinant(s) for endosomal trafficking. The CI protein contains seven conserved acidic dileucine motifs [(D/E)XXXL(L/I)] typical of endocytic sorting signals recognized by AP2β. Here, we selected five motifs for further study and identified that they all were located in the regions of CI interacting with AP2β. Coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that alanine substitutions in the each of these acidic dileucine motifs decreased binding with AP2β. Moreover, these CI mutants also showed decreased accumulation of punctate bodies, which enter endocytic-tracking styryl-stained endosomes. The mutations were then introduced into a full-length infectious clone of TuMV, and each mutant had reduced viral replication and systemic infection. The data suggest that the acidic dileucine motifs in CI are indispensable for interacting with AP2β for efficient viral replication. This study provides new insights into the role of endocytic sorting motifs in the intracellular movement of viral proteins for replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Zhaoxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Penghuan Rui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐Products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
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26
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Mattera R, De Pace R, Bonifacino JS. The adaptor protein chaperone AAGAB stabilizes AP-4 complex subunits. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar109. [PMID: 35976721 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-05-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptor protein 4 (AP-4) is a heterotetrameric complex composed of ε, β4, μ4 and σ4 subunits that mediates export of a subset of transmembrane cargos, including autophagy protein 9A (ATG9A), from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). AP-4 has received particular attention in recent years because mutations in any of its subunits cause a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP or SPG) referred to as "AP-4-deficiency syndrome." The identification of proteins that interact with AP-4 has shed light on the mechanisms of AP-4-dependent cargo sorting and distribution within the cell. However, the mechanisms by which the AP-4 complex itself is assembled have remained unknown. Herein, we report that the alpha- and gamma-adaptin-binding protein (AAGAB, also known as p34) binds to and stabilizes the AP-4 ε-and σ4 subunits, thus promoting complex assembly. The importance of this binding is underscored by the observation that AAGAB-knockout cells exhibit reduced levels of AP-4 subunits and accumulation of ATG9A at the TGN like those in cells, mice, or patients with mutations in AP-4-subunit genes. These findings demonstrate that AP-4 assembly is not spontaneous but AAGAB-assisted, thus contributing to the understanding of an adaptor protein complex that is critically involved in development of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mattera
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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27
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Lee MS, Tuohy PJ, Kim CY, Lichauco K, Parrish HL, Van Doorslaer K, Kuhns MS. Enhancing and inhibitory motifs regulate CD4 activity. eLife 2022; 11:79508. [PMID: 35861317 PMCID: PMC9333989 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells use T cell receptor (TCR)–CD3 complexes, and CD4, to respond to peptide antigens within MHCII molecules (pMHCII). We report here that, through ~435 million years of evolution in jawed vertebrates, purifying selection has shaped motifs in the extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domains of eutherian CD4 that enhance pMHCII responses, and covary with residues in an intracellular motif that inhibits responses. Importantly, while CD4 interactions with the Src kinase, Lck, are viewed as key to pMHCII responses, our data indicate that CD4–Lck interactions derive their importance from the counterbalancing activity of the inhibitory motif, as well as motifs that direct CD4–Lck pairs to specific membrane compartments. These results have implications for the evolution and function of complex transmembrane receptors and for biomimetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Lee
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, United States
| | - Peter J Tuohy
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, United States
| | - Caleb Y Kim
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, United States
| | - Katrina Lichauco
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, United States
| | - Heather L Parrish
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, United States
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States
| | - Michael S Kuhns
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, United States
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28
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Smith SM, Smith CJ. Capturing the mechanics of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102427. [PMID: 35872561 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis enables selective uptake of molecules into cells in response to changing cellular needs. It occurs through assembly of coat components around the plasma membrane that determine vesicle contents and facilitate membrane bending to form a clathrin-coated transport vesicle. In this review we discuss recent cryo-electron microscopy structures that have captured a series of events in the life cycle of a clathrin-coated vesicle. Both single particle analysis and tomography approaches have revealed details of the clathrin lattice structure itself, how AP2 may interface with clathrin within a coated vesicle and the importance of PIP2 binding for assembly of the yeast adaptors Sla2 and Ent1 on the membrane. Within cells, cryo-electron tomography of clathrin in flat lattices and high-speed AFM studies provided new insights into how clathrin morphology can adapt during CCV formation. Thus, key mechanical processes driving clathrin-mediated endocytosis have been captured through multiple techniques working in partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Smith
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Corinne J Smith
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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29
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Xu M, Yan X, Wang Y, Liu C, Yang Q, Tian D, Bednarek SY, Pan J, Wang C. ADAPTOR PROTEIN-1 complex-mediated post-Golgi trafficking is critical for pollen wall development in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:472-487. [PMID: 35451504 PMCID: PMC9545562 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Primexine deposition is essential for the formation of pollen wall patterns and is precisely regulated by the tapetum and microspores. While tapetum- and/or microspore-localized proteins are required for primexine biosynthesis, how their trafficking is established and controlled is poorly understood. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AP1σ1 and AP1σ2, two genes encoding the σ subunit of the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE)-localized ADAPTOR PROTEIN-1 complex (AP-1), are partially redundant for plant viability, and the loss of AP1σ1 function reduces male fertility due to defective primexine formation. Here, we investigated the role of AP-1 in pollen wall formation. The deposition of Acyl-CoA SYNTHETASE5 (ACOS5) and type III LIPID TRANSFER PROTEINs (LTPs) secreted from the anther tapetum, which are involved in exine formation, were impaired in ap1σ1 mutants. In addition, the microspore plasma membrane (PM) protein RUPTURED POLLEN GRAIN1 (RPG1), which regulates primexine deposition, accumulated abnormally at the TGN/EE in ap1σ1 mutants. We show that AP-1μ recognizes the YXXΦ motif of RPG1, thereby regulating its PM abundance through endocytic trafficking, and that loss of AP1σ1 decreases the levels of other AP-1 subunits at the TGN/EE. Our observations show that AP-1-mediated post-Golgi trafficking plays a vital role in pollen wall development by regulating protein transport in tapetal cells and microspores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Xu Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Chan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Qian Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Dan Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | | | - Jianwei Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
- College of Life SciencesShaoxing UniversityShaoxingZhejiang312000China
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30
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OtDUB from the Human Pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi Modulates Host Membrane Trafficking by Multiple Mechanisms. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0007122. [PMID: 35727026 PMCID: PMC9302166 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00071-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Host cell membrane-trafficking pathways are often manipulated by bacterial pathogens to gain cell entry, avoid immune responses, or to obtain nutrients. The 1,369-residue OtDUB protein from the obligate intracellular human pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi bears a deubiquitylase (DUB) and additional domains. Here we show that OtDUB ectopic expression disrupts membrane trafficking through multiple mechanisms. OtDUB binds directly to the clathrin adaptor-protein (AP) complexes AP-1 and AP-2, and the OtDUB275-675 fragment is sufficient for binding to either complex. To assess the impact of OtDUB interactions with AP-1 and AP-2, we examined trans-Golgi trafficking and endocytosis, respectively. Endocytosis is reduced by two separate OtDUB fragments: one contains the AP-binding domain (OtDUB1-675), and the other does not (OtDUB675-1369). OtDUB1-675 disruption of endocytosis requires its ubiquitin-binding capabilities. OtDUB675-1369 also fragments trans- and cis-Golgi structures. Using a growth-based selection in yeast, we identified viable OtDUB675-1369 point mutants that also no longer caused Golgi defects in human cells. In parallel, we found OtDUB675-1369 binds directly to phosphatidylserine, and this lipid binding is lost in the same mutants. Together these results show that OtDUB contains multiple activities capable of modulating membrane trafficking. We discuss how these activities may contribute to Orientia infections.
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31
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Dahhan DA, Bednarek SY. Advances in structural, spatial, and temporal mechanics of plant endocytosis. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2269-2287. [PMID: 35674447 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endocytic trafficking underlies processes essential for plant growth and development, including the perception of and response to abiotic and extracellular stimuli, post-Golgi and exocytic trafficking, and cytokinesis. Protein adaptors and regulatory factors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis that contribute to the formation of endocytic clathrin-coated vesicles are evolutionarily conserved. Yet, work of the last ten years has identified differences between the endocytic mechanisms of plants and Opisthokonts involving the endocytic adaptor TPLATE complex, the requirement of actin during CME, and the function of clathrin-independent endocytosis in the uptake of plant-specific plasma membrane proteins. Here, we review clathrin-mediated and -independent pathways in plants and describe recent advances enabled by new proteomic and imaging methods, and conditional perturbation of endocytosis. In addition, we summarize the formation and trafficking of clathrin-coated vesicles based on temporal and structural data garnered from high-resolution quantitative imaging studies. Finally, new information about the cross-talk between endocytosis and other endomembrane trafficking pathways and organelles will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Dahhan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
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32
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Xu H, Chang F, Jain S, Heller BA, Han X, Liu Y, Edwards RH. SNX5 targets a monoamine transporter to the TGN for assembly into dense core vesicles by AP-3. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202106083. [PMID: 35426896 PMCID: PMC9016777 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202106083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The time course of signaling by peptide hormones, neural peptides, and other neuromodulators depends on their storage inside dense core vesicles (DCVs). Adaptor protein 3 (AP-3) assembles the membrane proteins that confer regulated release of DCVs and is thought to promote their trafficking from endosomes directly to maturing DCVs. We now find that regulated monoamine release from DCVs requires sorting nexin 5 (SNX5). Loss of SNX5 disrupts trafficking of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) to DCVs. The mechanism involves a role for SNX5 in retrograde transport of VMAT from endosomes to the TGN. However, this role for SNX5 conflicts with the proposed function of AP-3 in trafficking from endosomes directly to DCVs. We now identify a transient role for AP-3 at the TGN, where it associates with DCV cargo. Thus, retrograde transport from endosomes by SNX5 enables DCV assembly at the TGN by AP-3, resolving the apparent antagonism. A novel role for AP-3 at the TGN has implications for other organelles that also depend on this adaptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Xu
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shweta Jain
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bradley Austin Heller
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Xu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert H. Edwards
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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33
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Eising S, Esch B, Wälte M, Vargas Duarte P, Walter S, Ungermann C, Bohnert M, Fröhlich F. A lysosomal biogenesis map reveals the cargo spectrum of yeast vacuolar protein targeting pathways. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213011. [PMID: 35175277 PMCID: PMC8859911 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosome is the major catabolic organelle in the cell that has been established as a key metabolic signaling center. Mutations in many lysosomal proteins have catastrophic effects and cause neurodegeneration, cancer, and age-related diseases. The vacuole is the lysosomal analog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that harbors many evolutionary conserved proteins. Proteins reach vacuoles via the Vps10-dependent endosomal vacuolar protein sorting pathway, via the alkaline phosphatase (ALP or AP-3) pathway, and via the cytosol-to-vacuole transport (CVT) pathway. A systematic understanding of the cargo spectrum of each pathway is completely lacking. Here, we use quantitative proteomics of purified vacuoles to generate the yeast lysosomal biogenesis map. This dataset harbors information on the cargo-receptor relationship of almost all vacuolar proteins. We map binding motifs of Vps10 and the AP-3 complex and identify a novel cargo of the CVT pathway under nutrient-rich conditions. Our data show how organelle purification and quantitative proteomics can uncover fundamental insights into organelle biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Eising
- Molecular Membrane Biology Group, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Bianca Esch
- Molecular Membrane Biology Group, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Mike Wälte
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Prado Vargas Duarte
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stefan Walter
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Maria Bohnert
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Fröhlich
- Molecular Membrane Biology Group, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Biochemistry Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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34
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Schiano Lomoriello I, Sigismund S, Day KJ. Biophysics of endocytic vesicle formation: A focus on liquid–liquid phase separation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 75:102068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Partlow EA, Cannon KS, Hollopeter G, Baker RW. Structural basis of an endocytic checkpoint that primes the AP2 clathrin adaptor for cargo internalization. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:339-347. [PMID: 35347313 PMCID: PMC10116491 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the main route of internalization from the plasma membrane. It is known that the heterotetrameric AP2 clathrin adaptor must open to simultaneously engage membrane and endocytic cargo, yet it is unclear how transmembrane cargos are captured to catalyze CME. Using cryogenic-electron microscopy, we discover a new way in which mouse AP2 can reorganize to expose membrane- and cargo-binding pockets, which is not observed in clathrin-coated structures. Instead, it is stimulated by endocytic pioneer proteins called muniscins, which do not enter vesicles. Muniscin-engaged AP2 is primed to rearrange into the vesicle-competent conformation on binding the tyrosine cargo internalization motif (YxxΦ). We propose adaptor priming as a checkpoint to ensure cargo internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Partlow
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kevin S Cannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina (UNC) Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Richard W Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina (UNC) Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina (UNC) Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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36
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Aniento F, Sánchez de Medina Hernández V, Dagdas Y, Rojas-Pierce M, Russinova E. Molecular mechanisms of endomembrane trafficking in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:146-173. [PMID: 34550393 PMCID: PMC8773984 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Endomembrane trafficking is essential for all eukaryotic cells. The best-characterized membrane trafficking organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, early and recycling endosomes, multivesicular body, or late endosome, lysosome/vacuole, and plasma membrane. Although historically plants have given rise to cell biology, our understanding of membrane trafficking has mainly been shaped by the much more studied mammalian and yeast models. Whereas organelles and major protein families that regulate endomembrane trafficking are largely conserved across all eukaryotes, exciting variations are emerging from advances in plant cell biology research. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on plant endomembrane trafficking, with a focus on four distinct trafficking pathways: ER-to-Golgi transport, endocytosis, trans-Golgi network-to-vacuole transport, and autophagy. We acknowledge the conservation and commonalities in the trafficking machinery across species, with emphasis on diversity and plant-specific features. Understanding the function of organelles and the trafficking machinery currently nonexistent in well-known model organisms will provide great opportunities to acquire new insights into the fundamental cellular process of membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Sánchez de Medina Hernández
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
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37
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Wang J, Yu C, Zhuang J, Qi W, Jiang J, Liu X, Zhao W, Cao Y, Wu H, Qi J, Zhao RC. The role of phosphatidylserine on the membrane in immunity and blood coagulation. Biomark Res 2022; 10:4. [PMID: 35033201 PMCID: PMC8760663 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The negatively charged aminophospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), is located in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in normal cells, and may be exposed to the outer leaflet under some immune and blood coagulation processes. Meanwhile, Ptdser exposed to apoptotic cells can be recognized and eliminated by various immune cells, whereas on the surface of activated platelets Ptdser interacts with coagulation factors prompting enhanced production of thrombin which significantly facilitates blood coagulation. In the case where PtdSer fails in exposure or mistakenly occurs, there are occurrences of certain immunological and haematological diseases, such as the Scott syndrome and Systemic lupus erythematosus. Besides, viruses (e.g., Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Ebola virus (EBOV)) can invade host cells through binding the exposed PtdSer. Most recently, the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been similarly linked to PtdSer or its receptors. Therefore, it is essential to comprehensively understand PtdSer and its functional characteristics. Therefore, this review summarizes Ptdser, its eversion mechanism; interaction mechanism, particularly with its immune receptors and coagulation factors; recognition sites; and its function in immune and blood processes. This review illustrates the potential aspects for the underlying pathogenic mechanism of PtdSer-related diseases, and the discovery of new therapeutic strategies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Changxin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junyi Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wenxin Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiawen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xuanting Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wanwei Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yiyang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jingxuan Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dongdansantiao, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Centre of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China.
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38
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López-Hernández T, Takenaka KI, Mori Y, Kongpracha P, Nagamori S, Haucke V, Takamori S. Clathrin-independent endocytic retrieval of SV proteins mediated by the clathrin adaptor AP-2 at mammalian central synapses. eLife 2022; 11:e71198. [PMID: 35014951 PMCID: PMC8752090 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmission is based on the exocytic fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs) followed by endocytic membrane retrieval and the reformation of SVs. Conflicting models have been proposed regarding the mechanisms of SV endocytosis, most notably clathrin/adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2)-mediated endocytosis and clathrin-independent ultrafast endocytosis. Partitioning between these pathways has been suggested to be controlled by temperature and stimulus paradigm. We report on the comprehensive survey of six major SV proteins to show that SV endocytosis in mouse hippocampal neurons at physiological temperature occurs independent of clathrin while the endocytic retrieval of a subset of SV proteins including the vesicular transporters for glutamate and GABA depend on sorting by the clathrin adaptor AP-2. Our findings highlight a clathrin-independent role of the clathrin adaptor AP-2 in the endocytic retrieval of select SV cargos from the presynaptic cell surface and suggest a revised model for the endocytosis of SV membranes at mammalian central synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koh-ichiro Takenaka
- Laboratory of Neural Membrane Biology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yasunori Mori
- Laboratory of Neural Membrane Biology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Pornparn Kongpracha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - Shigeo Takamori
- Laboratory of Neural Membrane Biology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha UniversityKyotoJapan
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39
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Kumar M, Michael S, Alvarado-Valverde J, Mészáros B, Sámano‐Sánchez H, Zeke A, Dobson L, Lazar T, Örd M, Nagpal A, Farahi N, Käser M, Kraleti R, Davey N, Pancsa R, Chemes L, Gibson T. The Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource: 2022 release. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:D497-D508. [PMID: 34718738 PMCID: PMC8728146 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost twenty years after its initial release, the Eukaryotic Linear Motif (ELM) resource remains an invaluable source of information for the study of motif-mediated protein-protein interactions. ELM provides a comprehensive, regularly updated and well-organised repository of manually curated, experimentally validated short linear motifs (SLiMs). An increasing number of SLiM-mediated interactions are discovered each year and keeping the resource up-to-date continues to be a great challenge. In the current update, 30 novel motif classes have been added and five existing classes have undergone major revisions. The update includes 411 new motif instances mostly focused on cell-cycle regulation, control of the actin cytoskeleton, membrane remodelling and vesicle trafficking pathways, liquid-liquid phase separation and integrin signalling. Many of the newly annotated motif-mediated interactions are targets of pathogenic motif mimicry by viral, bacterial or eukaryotic pathogens, providing invaluable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying infectious diseases. The current ELM release includes 317 motif classes incorporating 3934 individual motif instances manually curated from 3867 scientific publications. ELM is available at: http://elm.eu.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Kumar
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Sushama Michael
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Jesús Alvarado-Valverde
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences
| | - Bálint Mészáros
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Hugo Sámano‐Sánchez
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - András Zeke
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Dobson
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Tamas Lazar
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mihkel Örd
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Rd, Chelsea, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Anurag Nagpal
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Nazanin Farahi
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melanie Käser
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ramya Kraleti
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstraße 23, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Norman E Davey
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Rd, Chelsea, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rita Pancsa
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Lucía B Chemes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas “Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde”, IIB-UNSAM, IIBIO-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, CP1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Toby J Gibson
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
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40
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Wang B, Yang R, Tian Y, Yin Q. Reconstituting and Purifying Assembly Intermediates of Clathrin Adaptors AP1 and AP2. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2473:195-212. [PMID: 35819768 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2209-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-coated vesicles mediate membrane cargo transportation from the plasma membrane, the trans-Golgi network, the endosome, and the lysosome. Heterotetrameric adaptor complexes 1 and 2 (AP1 and AP2) are bridges that link cargo-loaded membranes to clathrin coats. Assembly of AP2 was previously considered to be spontaneous; however, a recent study found AP2 assembly is a highly orchestrated process controlled by alpha and gamma adaptin binding protein (AAGAB). Evidence shows that AAGAB controls AP1 assembly in a similar way. Insights into the orchestrated assembly process and three-dimensional structures of assembly intermediates are only emerging. Here, we describe a protocol for reconstitution and purification of the complexes containing AAGAB and AP1 or AP2 subunits, known as AP1 and AP2 hemicomplexes. Our purification routinely yields milligrams of pure complexes suitable for structural analysis by X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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41
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Wang S, Wan C, Squiers GT, Shen J. Endocytosis Assays Using Cleavable Fluorescent Dyes. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2473:181-194. [PMID: 35819767 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2209-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis mediates the entry of surface and extracellular cargoes into the cell. In this chapter, we describe assays to quantitively measure the endocytosis of both soluble and transmembrane cargo proteins, taking advantage of cleavable fluorescent dyes labeling cargo proteins or antibodies recognizing cargo proteins. After removing surface-bound fluorescent dye, internalized cargoes are measured using confocal imaging and flow cytometry. We also describe strategies to determine the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in the internalization of a cargo by using a small molecule inhibitor of CME and knockout (KO) of the AAGAB gene, which encodes an essential regulator of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Information Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Chun Wan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Galen T Squiers
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jingshi Shen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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42
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Inhibiting endocytosis in CGRP + nociceptors attenuates inflammatory pain-like behavior. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5812. [PMID: 34608164 PMCID: PMC8490418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantage of locally applied anesthetics is that they are not associated with the many adverse effects, including addiction liability, of systemically administered analgesics. This therapeutic approach has two inherent pitfalls: specificity and a short duration of action. Here, we identified nociceptor endocytosis as a promising target for local, specific, and long-lasting treatment of inflammatory pain. We observed preferential expression of AP2α2, an α-subunit isoform of the AP2 complex, within CGRP+/IB4- nociceptors in rodents and in CGRP+ dorsal root ganglion neurons from a human donor. We utilized genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit nociceptor endocytosis demonstrating its role in the development and maintenance of acute and chronic inflammatory pain. One-time injection of an AP2 inhibitor peptide significantly reduced acute and chronic pain-like behaviors and provided prolonged analgesia. We evidenced sexually dimorphic recovery responses to this pharmacological approach highlighting the importance of sex differences in pain development and response to analgesics. The authors show the endocytotic adaptor subunit called AP2A2 is differentially expressed in CGRP+ nociceptors. Locally inhibiting nociceptor endocytosis with a lipidated AP2 inhibitor peptide reduces acute and chronic pain-like behaviour in mice and rats, indicating prolonged analgesia.
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43
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Jin J, Iwama R, Takagi K, Horiuchi H. AP-2 complex contributes to hyphal-tip-localization of a chitin synthase in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:806-814. [PMID: 34537176 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi maintain hyphal growth to continually internalize membrane proteins related to cell wall synthesis, transporting them to the hyphal tips. Endocytosis mediates protein internalization via target recognition by the adaptor protein 2 complex (AP-2 complex). The AP-2 complex specifically promotes the internalization of proteins important for hyphal growth, and loss of AP-2 complex function results in abnormal hyphal growth. In this study, deletion mutants of the genes encoding the subunits of the AP-2 complex (α, β2, μ2, or σ2) in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans resulted in the formation of conidiophores with abnormal morphology, fewer conidia, and activated the cell wall integrity pathway. We also investigated the localization of ChsB, which plays pivotal roles in hyphal growth in A. nidulans, in the Δμ2 strain. Quantitative analysis suggested that the AP-2 complex is involved in ChsB internalization at subapical collar regions. The absence of the AP-2 complex reduced ChsB localization at the hyphal tips. Our findings suggest that the AP-2 complex contributes to cell wall integrity by properly localizing ChsB to the hyphal tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryo Iwama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keiko Takagi
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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44
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Protein Sorting in Plasmodium Falciparum. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090937. [PMID: 34575086 PMCID: PMC8467625 DOI: 10.3390/life11090937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular eukaryote with a very polarized secretory system composed of micronemes rhoptries and dense granules that are required for host cell invasion. P. falciparum, like its relative T. gondii, uses the endolysosomal system to produce the secretory organelles and to ingest host cell proteins. The parasite also has an apicoplast, a secondary endosymbiotic organelle, which depends on vesicular trafficking for appropriate incorporation of nuclear-encoded proteins into the apicoplast. Recently, the central molecules responsible for sorting and trafficking in P. falciparum and T. gondii have been characterized. From these studies, it is now evident that P. falciparum has repurposed the molecules of the endosomal system to the secretory pathway. Additionally, the sorting and vesicular trafficking mechanism seem to be conserved among apicomplexans. This review described the most recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of protein sorting and vesicular trafficking in P. falciparum and revealed that P. falciparum has an amazing secretory machinery that has been cleverly modified to its intracellular lifestyle.
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45
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Ramesh ST, Navyasree KV, Sah S, Ashok AB, Qathoon N, Mohanty S, Swain RK, Umasankar PK. BMP2K phosphorylates AP-2 and regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Traffic 2021; 22:377-396. [PMID: 34480404 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the central adaptor protein complex, AP-2 is pivotal for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Here, we uncover the role of an uncharacterized kinase (BMP-2 inducible kinase-BMP2K) in AP-2 phosphorylation. We demonstrate that BMP2K can phosphorylate AP-2 in vitro and in vivo. Functional impairment of BMP2K impedes AP-2 phosphorylation leading to defects in clathrin-coated pit (CCP) morphology and cargo internalization. BMP2K engages AP-2 via its extended C-terminus and this interaction is important for its CCP localization and function. Notably, endogenous BMP2K levels decline upon functional impairment of AP-2 indicating AP-2 dependent BMP2K stabilization in cells. Further, functional inactivation of BMP2K in zebrafish embryos yields gastrulation phenotypes which mirror AP-2 loss-of-function suggesting physiological relevance of BMP2K in vertebrates. Together, our findings propose involvement of a novel kinase in AP-2 phosphorylation and in the operation of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha T Ramesh
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kolaparamba V Navyasree
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Sah
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anjitha B Ashok
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Nishada Qathoon
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Perunthottathu K Umasankar
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Watkins JM, Ross-Elliott TJ, Shan X, Lou F, Dreyer B, Tunc-Ozdemir M, Jia H, Yang J, Oliveira CC, Wu L, Trusov Y, Schwochert TD, Krysan P, Jones AM. Differential regulation of G protein signaling in Arabidopsis through two distinct pathways that internalize AtRGS1. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/695/eabe4090. [PMID: 34376571 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe4090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In animals, endocytosis of a seven-transmembrane GPCR is mediated by arrestins to propagate or arrest cytoplasmic G protein-mediated signaling, depending on the bias of the receptor or ligand, which determines how much one transduction pathway is used compared to another. In Arabidopsis thaliana, GPCRs are not required for G protein-coupled signaling because the heterotrimeric G protein complex spontaneously exchanges nucleotide. Instead, the seven-transmembrane protein AtRGS1 modulates G protein signaling through ligand-dependent endocytosis, which initiates derepression of signaling without the involvement of canonical arrestins. Here, we found that endocytosis of AtRGS1 initiated from two separate pools of plasma membrane: sterol-dependent domains and a clathrin-accessible neighborhood, each with a select set of discriminators, activators, and candidate arrestin-like adaptors. Ligand identity (either the pathogen-associated molecular pattern flg22 or the sugar glucose) determined the origin of AtRGS1 endocytosis. Different trafficking origins and trajectories led to different cellular outcomes. Thus, in this system, compartmentation with its associated signalosome architecture drives biased signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Watkins
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Timothy J Ross-Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Shan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Fei Lou
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bernd Dreyer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meral Tunc-Ozdemir
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Celio Cabral Oliveira
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Luguang Wu
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland Q4072, Australia
| | - Yuri Trusov
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland Q4072, Australia
| | - Timothy D Schwochert
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Patrick Krysan
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Redlingshöfer L, Brodsky FM. Antagonistic regulation controls clathrin-mediated endocytosis: AP2 adaptor facilitation vs restraint from clathrin light chains. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203714. [PMID: 34182181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Orchestration of a complex network of protein interactions drives clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). A central role for the AP2 adaptor complex beyond cargo recognition and clathrin recruitment has emerged in recent years. It is now apparent that AP2 serves as a pivotal hub for protein interactions to mediate clathrin coated pit maturation, and couples lattice formation to membrane deformation. As a key driver for clathrin assembly, AP2 complements the attenuating role of clathrin light chain subunits, which enable dynamic lattice rearrangement needed for budding. This review summarises recent insights into AP2 function with respect to CME dynamics and biophysics, and its relationship to the role of clathrin light chains in clathrin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Redlingshöfer
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck and University College London, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom.
| | - Frances M Brodsky
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck and University College London, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom.
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48
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Arora D, Damme DV. Motif-based endomembrane trafficking. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:221-238. [PMID: 33605419 PMCID: PMC8154067 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Endomembrane trafficking, which allows proteins and lipids to flow between the different endomembrane compartments, largely occurs by vesicle-mediated transport. Transmembrane proteins intended for transport are concentrated into a vesicle or carrier by undulation of a donor membrane. This is followed by vesicle scission, uncoating, and finally, fusion at the target membrane. Three major trafficking pathways operate inside eukaryotic cells: anterograde, retrograde, and endocytic. Each pathway involves a unique set of machinery and coat proteins that pack the transmembrane proteins, along with their associated lipids, into specific carriers. Adaptor and coatomer complexes are major facilitators that function in anterograde transport and in endocytosis. These complexes recognize the transmembrane cargoes destined for transport and recruit the coat proteins that help form the carriers. These complexes use either linear motifs or posttranslational modifications to recognize the cargoes, which are then packaged and delivered along the trafficking pathways. In this review, we focus on the different trafficking complexes that share a common evolutionary branch in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and we discuss up-to-date knowledge about the cargo recognition motifs they use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanksha Arora
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Daniёl Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Author for communication:
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Perez Verdaguer M, Zhang T, Paulo JA, Gygi S, Watkins SC, Sakurai H, Sorkin A. Mechanism of p38 MAPK-induced EGFR endocytosis and its crosstalk with ligand-induced pathways. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212181. [PMID: 34032851 PMCID: PMC8155814 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand binding triggers clathrin-mediated and, at high ligand concentrations, clathrin-independent endocytosis of EGFR. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) of EGFR is also induced by stimuli activating p38 MAPK. Mechanisms of both ligand- and p38-induced endocytosis are not fully understood, and how these pathways intermingle when concurrently activated remains unknown. Here we dissect the mechanisms of p38-induced endocytosis using a pH-sensitive model of endogenous EGFR, which is extracellularly tagged with a fluorogen-activating protein, and propose a unifying model of the crosstalk between multiple EGFR endocytosis pathways. We found that a new locus of p38-dependent phosphorylation in EGFR is essential for the receptor dileucine motif interaction with the σ2 subunit of clathrin adaptor AP2 and concomitant receptor internalization. p38-dependent endocytosis of EGFR induced by cytokines was additive to CME induced by picomolar EGF concentrations but constrained to internalizing ligand-free EGFRs due to Grb2 recruitment by ligand-activated EGFRs. Nanomolar EGF concentrations rerouted EGFR from CME to clathrin-independent endocytosis, primarily by diminishing p38-dependent endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Viral Interactions with Adaptor-Protein Complexes: A Ubiquitous Trait among Viral Species. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105274. [PMID: 34067854 PMCID: PMC8156722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous viruses hijack cellular protein trafficking pathways to mediate cell entry or to rearrange membrane structures thereby promoting viral replication and antagonizing the immune response. Adaptor protein complexes (AP), which mediate protein sorting in endocytic and secretory transport pathways, are one of the conserved viral targets with many viruses possessing AP-interacting motifs. We present here different mechanisms of viral interference with AP complexes and the functional consequences that allow for efficient viral propagation and evasion of host immune defense. The ubiquity of this phenomenon is evidenced by the fact that there are representatives for AP interference in all major viral families, covered in this review. The best described examples are interactions of human immunodeficiency virus and human herpesviruses with AP complexes. Several other viruses, like Ebola, Nipah, and SARS-CoV-2, are pointed out as high priority disease-causative agents supporting the need for deeper understanding of virus-AP interplay which can be exploited in the design of novel antiviral therapies.
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