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Fernández-Villabrille S, Martín-Vírgala J, Martín-Carro B, Baena-Huerta F, González-García N, Gil-Peña H, Rodríguez-García M, Fernández-Gómez JM, Fernández-Martín JL, Alonso-Montes C, Naves-Díaz M, Carrillo-López N, Panizo S. RANKL, but Not R-Spondins, Is Involved in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification through LGR4 Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5735. [PMID: 38891922 PMCID: PMC11172097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification has a global health impact that is closely linked to bone loss. The Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system, fundamental for bone metabolism, also plays an important role in vascular calcification. The Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4), a novel receptor for RANKL, regulates bone remodeling, and it appears to be involved in vascular calcification. Besides RANKL, LGR4 interacts with R-spondins (RSPOs), which are known for their roles in bone but are less understood in vascular calcification. Studies were conducted in rats with chronic renal failure fed normal or high phosphorus diets for 18 weeks, with and without control of circulating parathormone (PTH) levels, resulting in different degrees of aortic calcification. Additionally, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured under non-calcifying (1 mM phosphate) and calcifying (3 mM phosphate) media with different concentrations of PTH. To explore the role of RANKL in VSMC calcification, increasing concentrations of soluble RANKL were added to non-calcifying and calcifying media. The effects mediated by RANKL binding to its receptor LGR4 were investigated by silencing the LGR4 receptor in VSMCs. Furthermore, the gene expression of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system and the ligands of LGR4 was assessed in human epigastric arteries obtained from kidney transplant recipients with calcification scores (Kauppila Index). Increased aortic calcium in rats coincided with elevated systolic blood pressure, upregulated Lgr4 and Rankl gene expression, downregulated Opg gene expression, and higher serum RANKL/OPG ratio without changes in Rspos gene expression. Elevated phosphate in vitro increased calcium content and expression of Rankl and Lgr4 while reducing Opg. Elevated PTH in the presence of high phosphate exacerbated the increase in calcium content. No changes in Rspos were observed under the conditions employed. The addition of soluble RANKL to VSMCs induced genotypic differentiation and calcification, partly prevented by LGR4 silencing. In the epigastric arteries of individuals presenting vascular calcification, the gene expression of RANKL was higher. While RSPOs show minimal impact on VSMC calcification, RANKL, interacting with LGR4, drives osteogenic differentiation in VSMCs, unveiling a novel mechanism beyond RANKL-RANK binding.
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MESH Headings
- RANK Ligand/metabolism
- RANK Ligand/genetics
- Animals
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Rats
- Humans
- Male
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteoprotegerin/metabolism
- Osteoprotegerin/genetics
- Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Villabrille
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julia Martín-Vírgala
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Carro
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Baena-Huerta
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nerea González-García
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Helena Gil-Peña
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- AGC de la Infancia y Adolescencia, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Princiado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Minerva Rodríguez-García
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Fernández-Martín
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso-Montes
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Naves-Díaz
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Natalia Carrillo-López
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Panizo
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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2
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Zhang J, Jiang J, Liu H, Wang S, Ke K, Liu S, Jiang Y, Liu L, Gao X, He B, Su Y. BMP9 induces osteogenic differentiation through up-regulating LGR4 via the mTORC1/Stat3 pathway in mesenchymal stem cells. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101075. [PMID: 38292169 PMCID: PMC10825279 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone defects and non-union are prevalent in clinical orthopedy, and the outcomes of current treatments are often suboptimal. Bone tissue engineering offers a promising approach to treating these conditions effectively. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) can commit mesenchymal stem cells to osteogenic lineage, and a knowledge of the underlying mechanisms may help advance the field of bone tissue engineering. Leucine-rich repeats containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4), a member of G protein-coupled receptors, is essential for modulating bone development. This study is aimed at investigating the impact of LGR4 on BMP9-induced osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells as well as the underlying mechanisms. Bone marrow stromal cells from BMP9-knockout mice exhibited diminished LGR4 expression, and exogenous LGR4 clearly restored the impaired osteogenic potency of the bone marrow stromal cells. Furthermore, LGR4 expression was increased by BMP9 in C3H10T1/2 cells. LGR4 augmented the benefits of BMP9-induced osteogenic markers and bone formation, whereas LGR4 inhibition restricted these effects. Meanwhile, the BMP9-induced lipogenic markers were increased by LGR4 inhibition. The protein levels of Raptor and p-Stat3 were elevated by BMP9. Raptor knockdown or p-Stat3 suppression attenuated the osteoblastic markers and LGR4 expression brought on by BMP9. LGR4 significantly reversed the blocking effect of Raptor knockdown or p-Stat3 suppression on the BMP9-induced osteoblastic markers. Raptor interacts with p-Stat3, and p-Stat3 activates the LGR4 promoter activity. In conclusion, LGR4 boosts BMP9 osteoblastic potency in mesenchymal stem cells, and BMP9 may up-regulate LGR4 via the mTORC1/Stat3 signal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinhai Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kaixin Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Baicheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuxi Su
- Orthopedics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Jiangxi Hospital Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Jiangxi 330000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China
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3
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Gai S, Qian Y, Zhang Z, Zheng HF. Integrating both common and rare variants to predict bone mineral density and fracture. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:193-194. [PMID: 38477769 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Gai
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Qian
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Choi J, Kim S, Kim J, Son HY, Yoo SK, Kim CU, Park YJ, Moon S, Cha B, Jeon MC, Park K, Yun JM, Cho B, Kim N, Kim C, Kwon NJ, Park YJ, Matsuda F, Momozawa Y, Kubo M, Kim HJ, Park JH, Seo JS, Kim JI, Im SW. A whole-genome reference panel of 14,393 individuals for East Asian populations accelerates discovery of rare functional variants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6319. [PMID: 37556544 PMCID: PMC10411914 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Underrepresentation of non-European (EUR) populations hinders growth of global precision medicine. Resources such as imputation reference panels that match the study population are necessary to find low-frequency variants with substantial effects. We created a reference panel consisting of 14,393 whole-genome sequences including more than 11,000 Asian individuals. Genome-wide association studies were conducted using the reference panel and a population-specific genotype array of 72,298 subjects for eight phenotypes. This panel yields improved imputation accuracy of rare and low-frequency variants within East Asian populations compared with the largest reference panel. Thirty-nine previously unidentified associations were found, and more than half of the variants were East Asian specific. We discovered genes with rare protein-altering variants, including LTBP1 for height and GPR75 for body mass index, as well as putative regulatory mechanisms for rare noncoding variants with cell type-specific effects. We suggest that this dataset will add to the potential value of Asian precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Juhyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Son
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Yoo
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Young Jun Park
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungji Moon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bukyoung Cha
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghyuk Park
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Moon Yun
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Young Joo Park
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Seo
- Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asian Genome Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Wha Im
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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Toh Y, Wu L, Park S, Wang A, Tu J, Yu W, Zuo M, Carmon KS, Liu QJ. LGR4 and LGR5 form distinct homodimers that only LGR4 complexes with RNF43/ZNRF3 to provide high affinity binding of R-spondin ligands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10796. [PMID: 37402772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
LGR4 and LGR5 are two homologous receptors that potentiate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in response to R-spondin (RSPO) ligands. The RSPO and LGR4 complex binds to and inhibits activities of two related E3 ubiquitin ligases, RNF43 and ZNRF3, and thus protects Wnt receptors from the E3 ligase-mediated degradation. The RSPO and LGR5 complex, however, does not interact with the E3 ligases, and the structural basis of this difference remained unknown. Here we examined the affinities of monovalent and bivalent RSPO ligands in binding to LGR4, RNF43/ZNRF3, and LGR5 in whole cells and found unique features among the receptors and E3 ligases. Monovalent RSPO2 furin domain had much lower affinity in binding to LGR4 or RNF43/ZNRF3 than the bivalent form. In contrast, monovalent and bivalent forms had nearly identical affinity in binding to LGR5. Co-expression of ZNRF3 with LGR4 led to much higher binding affinity of the monovalent form whereas co-expression of ZNRF3 with LGR5 had no effect on the affinity. These results suggest that LGR4 and RNF43/ZNRF3 form a 2:2 dimer that accommodates bivalent binding of RSPO whereas LGR5 forms a homodimer that does not. Structural models are proposed to illustrate how RSPOs bind to LGR4, RNF43/ZNRF3, and LGR5 in whole cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimatsu Toh
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ling Wu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Soohyun Park
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Allison Wang
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianghua Tu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wangsheng Yu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mingxin Zuo
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kendra S Carmon
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingyun J Liu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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6
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Sun Y, Zhang J, Hong J, Zhang Z, Lu P, Gao A, Ni M, Zhang Z, Yang H, Shen J, Lu J, Xue W, Lv Q, Bi Y, Zeng YA, Gu W, Ning G, Wang W, Liu R, Wang J. Human RSPO1 Mutation Represses Beige Adipocyte Thermogenesis and Contributes to Diet-Induced Adiposity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207152. [PMID: 36755192 PMCID: PMC10131814 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent genetic evidence has linked WNT downstream mutations to fat distribution. However, the roles of WNTs in human obesity remain unclear. Here, the authors screen all Wnt-related paracrine factors in 1994 obese cases and 2161 controls using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and identify that 12 obese patients harbor the same mutations in RSPO1 (p.R219W/Q) predisposing to human obesity. RSPO1 is predominantly expressed in visceral fat, primarily in the fibroblast cluster, and is increased with adiposity. Mice overexpressing human RSPO1 in adipose tissues develop obesity under a high-fat diet (HFD) due to reduced brown/beige fat thermogenesis. In contrast, Rspo1 ablation resists HFD-induced adiposity by increasing thermogenesis. Mechanistically, RSPO1 overexpression or administration significantly inhibits adipocyte mitochondrial respiration and thermogenesis via LGR4-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Importantly, humanized knockin mice carrying the hotspot mutation (p.R219W) display suppressed thermogenesis and recapitulate the adiposity feature of obese carriers. The mutation disrupts RSPO1's electrostatic interaction with the extracellular matrix, leading to excessive RSPO1 release that activates LGR4-Wnt/β-catenin signaling and attenuates thermogenic capacity in differentiated beige adipocytes. Therefore, these findings identify that gain-of-function mutations and excessive expression of RSPO1, acting as a paracrine Wnt activator, suppress fat thermogenesis and contribute to obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Zhongyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Aibo Gao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Mengshan Ni
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Zhiyin Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Huanjie Yang
- BGI GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen860755P. R. China
| | - Juan Shen
- BGI GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen860755P. R. China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Wenzhi Xue
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Lv
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031P. R. China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025P. R. China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai200025P. R. China
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7
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Doherty L, Wan M, Peterson A, Youngstrom DW, King JS, Kalajzic I, Hankenson KD, Sanjay A. Wnt-associated adult stem cell marker Lgr6 is required for osteogenesis and fracture healing. Bone 2023; 169:116681. [PMID: 36708855 PMCID: PMC10015414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable regenerative capacity of skeletal tissues, nonunion of bone and failure of fractures to heal properly presents a significant clinical concern. Stem and progenitor cells are present in bone and become activated following injury; thus, elucidating mechanisms that promote adult stem cell-mediated healing is important. Wnt-associated adult stem marker Lgr6 is implicated in the regeneration of tissues with well-defined stem cell niches in stem cell-reliant organs. Here, we demonstrate that Lgr6 is dynamically expressed in osteoprogenitors in response to fracture injury. We used an Lgr6-null mouse model and found that Lgr6 expression is necessary for maintaining bone volume and efficient postnatal bone regeneration in adult mice. Skeletal progenitors isolated from Lgr6-null mice have reduced colony-forming potential and reduced osteogenic differentiation capacity due to attenuated cWnt signaling. Lgr6-null mice consist of a lower proportion of self-renewing stem cells. In response to fracture injury, Lgr6-null mice have a deficiency in the proliferation of periosteal progenitors and reduced ALP activity. Further, analysis of the bone regeneration phase and remodeling phase of fracture healing in Lgr6-null mice showed impaired endochondral ossification and decreased mineralization. We propose that in contrast to not being required for successful skeletal development, Lgr6-positive cells have a direct role in endochondral bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Doherty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, USA; School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Matthew Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Anna Peterson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Daniel W Youngstrom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Justin S King
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, USA.
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8
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He D, Pan C, Zhao Y, Wei W, Qin X, Cai Q, Shi S, Chu X, Zhang N, Jia Y, Wen Y, Cheng B, Liu H, Feng R, Zhang F, Xu P. Exome-wide screening identifies novel rare risk variants for bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:965-975. [PMID: 36849660 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bone mineral density (BMD) is an independent risk factor of osteoporosis-related fractures. We performed gene-based burden tests to assess the association between rare variants and BMD, and identified several BMD candidate genes. PURPOSE BMD is highly heritable and a major predictor of osteoporotic fractures, but its genetic basis remains unclear. We aimed to identify rare risk variants contributing to BMD. METHODS Utilizing the newly released UK Biobank 200,643 exome dataset, we conducted a gene-based exome-wide association study in males and females, respectively. First, 100,639 males and 117,338 females with BMD values were included in the polygenic risk scores (PRS) analysis. Among individuals with lower 30% PRS, cases were individuals with top 10% BMD, and individuals with bottom 10% BMD were the controls. Considering the effects of vitamin D (VD), individuals with the highest 30% VD concentration were selected for VD-BMD analysis. After quality control, 741 males and 697 females were included in the BMD analysis, and 717 males and 708 females were included in the VD-BMD analysis. The variants were annotated by ANNOVAR software, then BMD and VD-BMD qualified variants were imported into the SKAT R-package to perform gene-based burden tests, respectively. RESULTS The gene-based burden test of the exonic variants identified genome-wide candidate associations in ANKRD18A (P = 1.60 × 10-5, PBonferroni adjust = 2.11 × 10-3), C22orf31 (P = 3.49 × 10-4, PBonferroni adjust = 3.17 × 10-2), and SPATC1L (P = 1.09 × 10-5, PBonferroni adjust = 8.80 × 10-3). For VD-BMD analysis, three genes were associated with BMD, such as NIPAL1 (P = 1.06 × 10-3, PBonferroni adjust = 3.91 × 10-2). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that rare variants contribute to BMD, providing new sights for broadening the genetic structure of BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D He
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - C Pan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - W Wei
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X Qin
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Q Cai
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - S Shi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X Chu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - N Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - B Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - H Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - R Feng
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - F Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
| | - P Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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9
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Lucas C, Sauter KS, Steigert M, Mallet D, Wilmouth J, Olabe J, Plotton I, Morel Y, Aeberli D, Wagner F, Clevers H, Pandey AV, Val P, Roucher-Boulez F, Flück CE. Loss of LGR4/GPR48 causes severe neonatal salt wasting due to disrupted WNT signaling altering adrenal zonation. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:164915. [PMID: 36538378 PMCID: PMC9927937 DOI: 10.1172/jci164915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of isolated mineralocorticoid deficiency, which cause potentially life-threatening salt-wasting crisis early in life, have been associated with gene variants of aldosterone biosynthesis or resistance; however, in some patients no such variants are found. WNT/β-catenin signaling is crucial for differentiation and maintenance of the aldosterone-producing adrenal zona glomerulosa (zG). Herein, we describe a highly consanguineous family with multiple perinatal deaths and infants presenting at birth with failure to thrive, severe salt-wasting crises associated with isolated hypoaldosteronism, nail anomalies, short stature, and deafness. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous splice variant in the R-SPONDIN receptor LGR4 gene (c.618-1G>C) regulating WNT signaling. The resulting transcripts affected protein function and stability and resulted in loss of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro. The impact of LGR4 inactivation was analyzed by adrenal cortex-specific ablation of Lgr4, using Lgr4fl/fl mice mated with Sf1:Cre mice. Inactivation of Lgr4 within the adrenal cortex in the mouse model caused decreased WNT signaling, aberrant zonation with deficient zG, and reduced aldosterone production. Thus, human LGR4 mutations establish a direct link between LGR4 inactivation and decreased canonical WNT signaling, which results in abnormal zG differentiation and endocrine function. Therefore, variants in WNT signaling and its regulators should systematically be considered in familial hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécily Lucas
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UM Pathologies Endocriniennes, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kay-Sara Sauter
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Steigert
- Department of Pediatrics, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Mallet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UM Pathologies Endocriniennes, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital: du Fœtus à l'Adulte, Filière Maladies Rares Endocriniennes, Bron, France
| | - James Wilmouth
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Olabe
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UM Pathologies Endocriniennes, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital: du Fœtus à l'Adulte, Filière Maladies Rares Endocriniennes, Bron, France
| | - Yves Morel
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UM Pathologies Endocriniennes, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital: du Fœtus à l'Adulte, Filière Maladies Rares Endocriniennes, Bron, France
| | - Daniel Aeberli
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology and
| | - Franca Wagner
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Amit V Pandey
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Val
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Roucher-Boulez
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UM Pathologies Endocriniennes, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christa E Flück
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Xu J, Ma J, Zeng Y, Si H, Wu Y, Zhang S, Shen B. Transcriptome-wide association study identifies novel genes associated with bone mineral density and lean body mass in children. Endocrine 2023; 79:400-409. [PMID: 36572794 PMCID: PMC9892108 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify novel candidate genes whose expression is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and body lean mass (LM) in children. METHODS A tissue-specific transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) was conducted utilizing a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset associated with BMD and LM and involving 10,414 participants. The measurement of BMD and LM phenotypes was made based on total-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (TB-DXA) scans. TWAS was conducted by using FUSION software. Reference panels for muscle skeleton (MS), peripheral blood (NBL) and whole blood (YBL) were used for TWAS analysis. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses of the genes identified by TWAS were performed by using the online tool Metascape ( http://metascape.org ). RESULTS For BMD, we identified 174 genes with P < 0.05, such as IKZF1 (P = 1.46 × 10-9) and CHKB (P = 8.31 × 10-7). For LM, we identified 208 genes with P < 0.05, such as COPS5 (P = 3.03 × 10-12) and MRPS33 (P = 5.45 × 10-10). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the BMD-associated genes revealed 200 GO terms, such as protein catabolic process (Log P = -5.09) and steroid hormone-mediated signaling pathway (Log P = -3.13). GO enrichment analysis of the LM-associated genes detected 287 GO terms, such as the apoptotic signaling pathway (Log P = -8.08) and lipid storage (Log P = -3.55). CONCLUSION This study identified several candidate genes for BMD and LM in children, providing novel clues to the genetic mechanisms underlying the development of childhood BMD and LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Xu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Si
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuangang Wu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyun Zhang
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Shen
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Abstract
Changes in bone architecture and metabolism with aging increase the likelihood of osteoporosis and fracture. Age-onset osteoporosis is multifactorial, with contributory extrinsic and intrinsic factors including certain medical problems, specific prescription drugs, estrogen loss, secondary hyperparathyroidism, microenvironmental and cellular alterations in bone tissue, and mechanical unloading or immobilization. At the histological level, there are changes in trabecular and cortical bone as well as marrow cellularity, lineage switching of mesenchymal stem cells to an adipogenic fate, inadequate transduction of signals during skeletal loading, and predisposition toward senescent cell accumulation with production of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Cumulatively, these changes result in bone remodeling abnormalities that over time cause net bone loss typically seen in older adults. Age-related osteoporosis is a geriatric syndrome due to the multiple etiologies that converge upon the skeleton to produce the ultimate phenotypic changes that manifest as bone fragility. Bone tissue is dynamic but with tendencies toward poor osteoblastic bone formation and relative osteoclastic bone resorption with aging. Interactions with other aging physiologic systems, such as muscle, may also confer detrimental effects on the aging skeleton. Conversely, individuals who maintain their BMD experience a lower risk of fractures, disability, and mortality, suggesting that this phenotype may be a marker of successful aging. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4355-4386, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Endocrinology, and Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,The Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and the Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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12
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Vezzoli V, Hrvat F, Goggi G, Federici S, Cangiano B, Quinton R, Persani L, Bonomi M. Genetic architecture of self-limited delayed puberty and congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1069741. [PMID: 36726466 PMCID: PMC9884699 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1069741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing between self limited delayed puberty (SLDP) and congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) may be tricky as they share clinical and biochemical characteristics. and appear to lie within the same clinical spectrum. However, one is classically transient (SDLP) while the second is typically a lifetime condition (CHH). The natural history and long-term outcomes of these two conditions differ significantly and thus command distinctive approaches and management. Because the first presentation of SDLP and CHH is very similar (delayed puberty with low LH and FSH and low sex hormones), the scientific community is scrambling to identify diagnostic tests that can allow a correct differential diagnosis among these two conditions, without having to rely on the presence or absence of phenotypic red flags for CHH that clinicians anyway seem to find hard to process. Despite the heterogeneity of genetic defects so far reported in DP, genetic analysis through next-generation sequencing technology (NGS) had the potential to contribute to the differential diagnostic process between SLDP and CHH. In this review we will provide an up-to-date overview of the genetic architecture of these two conditions and debate the benefits and the bias of performing genetic analysis seeking to effectively differentiate between these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Vezzoli
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Faris Hrvat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Goggi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Federici
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Biagio Cangiano
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Quinton
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bonomi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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13
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Chen Y, Mao C, Gu R, Zhao R, Li W, Ma Z, Jia Y, Yu F, Luo J, Fu Y, Sun J, Kong W. Nidogen-2 is a Novel Endogenous Ligand of LGR4 to Inhibit Vascular Calcification. Circ Res 2022; 131:1037-1054. [PMID: 36354004 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is closely related to the all-cause mortality of cardiovascular events. Basement membrane protein nidogen-2 is a key component of the vascular extracellular matrix microenvironment and we recently found it is pivotal for the maintenance of contractile phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, whether nidogen-2 is involved in VSMCs osteochondrogenic transition and vascular calcification remains unclear. METHODS VSMCs was treated with high-phosphate to study VSMC calcification in vitro. Three different mice models (5/6 nephrectomy-induced chronic renal failure, cholecalciferol-overload, and periadventitially administered with CaCl2) were used to study vascular calcification in vivo. Membrane protein interactome, coimmunoprecipitation, flow cytometric binding assay, surface plasmon resonance, G protein signaling, VSMCs calcium assays were performed to clarify the phenotype and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Nidogen-2 protein levels were significantly reduced in calcified VSMCs and aortas from mice in different vascular calcification model. Nidogen-2 deficiency exacerbated high-phosphate-induced VSMC calcification, whereas the addition of purified nidogen-2 protein markedly alleviated VSMC calcification in vitro. Nidogen-2-/- mice exhibited aggravated aorta calcification compared to wild-type (WT) mice in response to 5/6 nephrectomy, cholecalciferol-overload, and CaCl2 administration. Further unbiased coimmunoprecipitation and interactome analysis of purified nidogen-2 and membrane protein in VSMCs revealed that nidogen-2 directly binds to LGR4 (leucine-rich repeat G-protein-coupled receptor 4) with KD value 26.77 nM. LGR4 deficiency in VSMCs in vitro or in vivo abolished the protective effect of nidogen-2 on vascular calcification. Of interest, nidogen-2 biased activated LGR4-Gαq-PKCα (protein kinase Cα)-AMPKα1 (AMP-activated protein kinase α1) signaling to counteract VSMCs osteogenic transition and mineralization. CONCLUSIONS Nidogen-2 is a novel endogenous ligand of LGR4 that biased activated Gαq- PKCα-AMPKα1 signaling and inhibited vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Chenfeng Mao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China (C.M.)
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China (C.M.)
| | - Rujia Zhao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China (R.Z., J.S.)
| | - Weihao Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (W.L.)
| | - Zihan Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Yiting Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Jian Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (J.L.)
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China (R.Z., J.S.)
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
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14
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Vanhie JJ, Kim W, Ek Orloff L, Ngu M, Collao N, De Lisio M. The role of exercise-and high fat diet-induced bone marrow extracellular vesicles in stress hematopoiesis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1054463. [PMID: 36505084 PMCID: PMC9728614 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1054463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and obesity regulate hematopoiesis, in part through alterations in cellular and soluble components of the bone marrow niche. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are components of the bone marrow niche that regulate hematopoiesis; however, the role of exercise training or obesity induced EVs in regulating hematopoiesis remains unknown. To address this gap, donor EVs were isolated from control diet-fed, sedentary mice (CON-SED), control diet-fed exercise trained mice (CON-EX), high fat diet-fed, sedentary mice (HFD-SED), and high fat diet-fed, exercise trained mice (HFD-EX) and injected into recipient mice undergoing stress hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic and niche cell populations were quantified, and EV miRNA cargo was evaluated. EV content did not differ between the four groups. Mice receiving HFD-EX EVs had fewer hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) (p < 0.01), long-term HSC (p < 0.05), multipotent progenitors (p < 0.01), common myeloid progenitors (p<0.01), common lymphoid progenitors (p < 0.01), and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (p < 0.05), compared to mice receiving HFD-SED EVs. Similarly, mice receiving EX EVs had fewer osteoprogenitor cells compared to SED (p < 0.05) but enhanced mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation in vitro (p < 0.05) compared to SED EVs. HFD EVs enhanced mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) adipogenesis in vitro (p < 0.01) compared to CON EVs. HFD-EX EVs had lower microRNA-193 and microRNA-331-5p content, microRNAs implicated in inhibiting osteogenesis and leukemic cell expansion respectively, compared to HFD-SED EVs. The results identify alterations in EV cargo as a novel mechanism by which exercise training alters stress hematopoiesis and the bone marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Vanhie
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wooseok Kim
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Ek Orloff
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Ngu
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Collao
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Michael De Lisio,
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15
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Li JY, Gillilland M, Lee AA, Wu X, Zhou SY, Owyang C. Secondary bile acids mediate high-fat diet-induced upregulation of R-spondin 3 and intestinal epithelial proliferation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e148309. [PMID: 36099053 PMCID: PMC9675439 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to the increased incidence of colorectal cancer, but the mechanisms are unclear. We found that R-spondin 3 (Rspo3), a ligand for leucine-rich, repeat-containing GPCR 4 and 5 (LGR4 and LGR5), was the main subtype of R-spondins and was produced by myofibroblasts beneath the crypts in the intestine. HFD upregulated colonic Rspo3, LGR4, LGR5, and β-catenin gene expression in specific pathogen-free rodents, but not in germ-free mice, and the upregulations were prevented by the bile acid (BA) binder cholestyramine or antibiotic treatment, indicating mediation by both BA and gut microbiota. Cholestyramine or antibiotic treatments prevented HFD-induced enrichment of members of the Lachnospiraceae and Rumincoccaceae, which can transform primary BA into secondary BA. Oral administration of deoxycholic acid (DCA), or inoculation of a combination of the BA deconjugator Lactobacillus plantarum and 7α-dehydroxylase-containing Clostridium scindens with an HFD to germ-free mice increased serum DCA and colonic Rspo3 mRNA levels, indicating that formation of secondary BA by gut microbiota is responsible for HFD-induced upregulation of Rspo3. In primary myofibroblasts, DCA increased Rspo3 mRNA via TGR5. Finally, we showed that cholestyramine or conditional deletion of Rspo3 prevented HFD- or DCA-induced intestinal proliferation. We conclude that secondary BA is responsible for HFD-induced upregulation of Rspo3, which, in turn, mediates HFD-induced intestinal epithelial proliferation.
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16
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Wang M, Liu J, Zhu G, Chen X. Low levels of cadmium exposure affect bone by inhibiting Lgr4 expression in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127025. [PMID: 35772369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium exposure is associated with bone loss. However, the mechanisms involved have not yet been fully understood. Leucine-rich repeat containing GPCR-4 (LGR4) can bind with the receptor activator of nuclear factors κB ligand (RANKL) and inhibit osteoclast formation. In addition, Lgr4 plays an important role in maintaining osteoblast activity. In the present study the effect of cadmium exposure on bone was investigated in terms of Lgr4 expression. METHODS Raw 264.7 cells and primary osteoblasts were exposed to cadmium (0-60 nM/L). The effects of cadmium on osteoclast formation and osteoblast activity were investigated. Osteoclast differentiation-related (Traf6, NFATc1) and osteoblast-related (RANKL; osteoprotegerin, OPG) gene and protein expression were determined. Lgr4 expression in osteoclasts and osteoblasts were also determined. A rat model was established to show the effects of cadmium (50 mg/L) on bone loss and Lgr4 expression in vivo. RESULTS Cadmium exposure inhibited osteoblast activities and stimulated osteoclast formation. Cadmium exposure also inhibited Lgr4 expression in both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Low dose of RANKL added to the culture medium could promote osteoclast formation in cadmium-pretreated RAW264.7 cells. Blocking Lgr4 in osteoclasts only slightly inhibited cadmium-induced osteoclast formation in cadmium-pretreated RAW264.7 cells. Cadmium significantly upregulated the AKT/ERK signaling pathway. An in vivo study showed that cadmium exposure promoted osteoclast formation and inhibited Lgr4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates that cadmium may induce bone loss by inhibiting Lgr4-related bone formation and promoting Lgr4-related osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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Zhou T, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Shan J, Wang J, Wang Y, Chang J, Jiang W, Chen R, Wang Z, Shi X, Yu Y, Li C, Li X. ROBO1 p.E280* Loses the Inhibitory Effects on the Proliferation and Angiogenesis of Wild-Type ROBO1 in Cholangiocarcinoma by Interrupting SLIT2 Signal. Front Oncol 2022; 12:879963. [PMID: 35615148 PMCID: PMC9124974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.879963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains one of the most lethal malignancies with an increasing incidence globally. Through whole-exome sequencing of 67 CCA tissues, we identified new mutated genes in CCA, including MACF1, METTL14, ROBO1, and so on. The study was designed to explore the effects and mechanism of ROBO1 wild type (ROBO1WT) and ROBO1E280* mutation on the progression of CCA. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify novel mutations in CCAs. In vitro and in vivo experiments were used to examine the function and mechanism of ROBO1WT and ROBO1E280* in cholangiocarcinoma. A tissue microarray including 190 CCA patients and subsequent analyses were performed to indicate the clinical significance of ROBO1. Results Through whole-exome sequencing, we identified a novel CCA-related mutation, ROBO1E280*. ROBO1 was downregulated in CCA tissues, and the downregulation of ROBO1 was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. ROBO1WT suppressed the proliferation and angiogenesis of CCA in vitro and in vivo, while ROBO1E280* lost the inhibitory effects. Mechanically, ROBO1E280* translocated from the cytomembrane to the cytoplasm and interrupted the interaction between SLIT2 and ROBO1. We identified OLFML3 as a potential target of ROBO1 by conducting RNA-Seq assays. OLFML3 expression was downregulated by ROBO1WT and recovered by ROBO1E280*. Functionally, the silence of OLFML3 inhibited CCA proliferation and angiogenesis and was sufficient to repress the loss-of-function role of ROBO1E280*. Conclusions These results suggest that ROBO1 may act as a tumor suppressor and potential prognostic marker for CCA. ROBO1E280* mutation is a loss-of-function mutation, and it might serve as a candidate therapeutic target for CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yananlan Chen
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jijun Shan
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifei Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yirui Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangjie Jiang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruixiang Chen
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Changxian Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangcheng Li, ; Changxian Li,
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangcheng Li, ; Changxian Li,
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18
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Garg B, Tomar N, Biswas A, Mehta N, Malhotra R. Understanding Musculoskeletal Disorders Through Next-Generation Sequencing. JBJS Rev 2022; 10:01874474-202204000-00001. [PMID: 35383688 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.21.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» An insight into musculoskeletal disorders through advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) promises to maximize benefits and improve outcomes through improved genetic diagnosis. » The primary use of whole exome sequencing (WES) for musculoskeletal disorders is to identify functionally relevant variants. » The current evidence has shown the superiority of NGS over conventional genotyping for identifying novel and rare genetic variants in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, due to its high throughput and low cost. » Genes identified in patients with scoliosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteogenesis imperfecta using NGS technologies are listed for further reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavuk Garg
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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19
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Functional Validation of Osteoporosis Genetic Findings Using Small Fish Models. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020279. [PMID: 35205324 PMCID: PMC8872034 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of human genomics has revolutionized our understanding of the genetic architecture of many skeletal diseases, including osteoporosis. However, interpreting results from human association studies remains a challenge, since index variants often reside in non-coding regions of the genome and do not possess an obvious regulatory function. To bridge the gap between genetic association and causality, a systematic functional investigation is necessary, such as the one offered by animal models. These models enable us to identify causal mechanisms, clarify the underlying biology, and apply interventions. Over the past several decades, small teleost fishes, mostly zebrafish and medaka, have emerged as powerful systems for modeling the genetics of human diseases. Due to their amenability to genetic intervention and the highly conserved genetic and physiological features, fish have become indispensable for skeletal genomic studies. The goal of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting the utility of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for accelerating our understanding of human skeletal genomics and outlining the remaining gaps in knowledge. We provide an overview of zebrafish skeletal morphophysiology and gene homology, shedding light on the advantages of human skeletal genomic exploration and validation. Knowledge of the biology underlying osteoporosis through animal models will lead to the translation into new, better and more effective therapeutic approaches.
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20
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Yang L, Wang J, Gong X, Fan Q, Yang X, Cui Y, Gao X, Li L, Sun X, Li Y, Wang Y. Emerging Roles for LGR4 in Organ Development, Energy Metabolism and Carcinogenesis. Front Genet 2022; 12:728827. [PMID: 35140734 PMCID: PMC8819683 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.728827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The leucine-rich repeats containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) belonging to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family, had various regulatory roles at multiple cellular types and numerous targeting sites, and aberrant LGR4 signaling played crucial roles in diseases and carcinogenesis. On the basis of these facts, LGR4 may become an appealing therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases and tumors. However, a comprehensive investigation of its functions and applications was still lacking. Hence, this paper provided an overview of the molecular characteristics and signaling mechanisms of LGR4, its involvement in multiple organ development and participation in the modulation of immunology related diseases, metabolic diseases, and oxidative stress damage along with cancer progression. Given that GPCRs accounted for almost a third of current clinical drug targets, the in-depth understanding of the sophisticated connections of LGR4 and its ligands would not only enrich their regulatory networks, but also shed new light on designing novel molecular targeted drugs and small molecule blockers for revolutionizing the treatment of various diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Gong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Fan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Cui
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Li, ; Yudong Wang,
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Li, ; Yudong Wang,
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21
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Martínez-Gil N, Ugartondo N, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Wnt Pathway Extracellular Components and Their Essential Roles in Bone Homeostasis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010138. [PMID: 35052478 PMCID: PMC8775112 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is involved in several processes essential for bone development and homeostasis. For proper functioning, the Wnt pathway is tightly regulated by numerous extracellular elements that act by both activating and inhibiting the pathway at different moments. This review aims to describe, summarize and update the findings regarding the extracellular modulators of the Wnt pathway, including co-receptors, ligands and inhibitors, in relation to bone homeostasis, with an emphasis on the animal models generated, the diseases associated with each gene and the bone processes in which each member is involved. The precise knowledge of all these elements will help us to identify possible targets that can be used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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22
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Kague E, Medina-Gomez C, Boyadjiev SA, Rivadeneira F. The genetic overlap between osteoporosis and craniosynostosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1020821. [PMID: 36225206 PMCID: PMC9548872 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent bone condition in the ageing population. This systemic disease is characterized by microarchitectural deterioration of bone, leading to increased fracture risk. In the past 15 years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have pinpointed hundreds of loci associated with bone mineral density (BMD), helping elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and genetic architecture of fracture risk. However, the challenge remains in pinpointing causative genes driving GWAS signals as a pivotal step to drawing the translational therapeutic roadmap. Recently, a skull BMD-GWAS uncovered an intriguing intersection with craniosynostosis, a congenital anomaly due to premature suture fusion in the skull. Here, we recapitulate the genetic contribution to both osteoporosis and craniosynostosis, describing the biological underpinnings of this overlap and using zebrafish models to leverage the functional investigation of genes associated with skull development and systemic skeletal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Erika Kague,
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simeon A. Boyadjiev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Filipowska J, Kondegowda NG, Leon-Rivera N, Dhawan S, Vasavada RC. LGR4, a G Protein-Coupled Receptor With a Systemic Role: From Development to Metabolic Regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:867001. [PMID: 35707461 PMCID: PMC9190282 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.867001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4/GPR48), a member of the GPCR (G protein-coupled receptors) superfamily, subfamily B, is a common intestinal crypt stem cell marker. It binds R-spondins/Norrin as classical ligands and plays a crucial role in Wnt signaling potentiation. Interaction between LGR4 and R-spondins initiates many Wnt-driven developmental processes, e.g., kidney, eye, or reproductive tract formation, as well as intestinal crypt (Paneth) stem cell pool maintenance. Besides the well-described role of LGR4 in development, several novel functions of this receptor have recently been discovered. In this context, LGR4 was indicated to participate in TGFβ and NFκB signaling regulation in hematopoietic precursors and intestinal cells, respectively, and found to be a new, alternative receptor for RANKL (Receptor Activator of NF kappa B Ligand) in bone cells. LGR4 inhibits the process of osteoclast differentiation, by antagonizing the interaction between RANK (Receptor Activator of NF kappa B) and its ligand-RANKL. It is also known to trigger anti-inflammatory responses in different tissues (liver, intestine, cardiac cells, and skin), serve as a sensor of the circadian clock in the liver, regulate adipogenesis and energy expenditure in adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, respectively. The extracellular domain of LGR4 (LGR4-ECD) has emerged as a potential new therapeutic for osteoporosis and cancer. LGR4 integrates different signaling pathways and regulates various cellular processes vital for maintaining whole-body homeostasis. Yet, the role of LGR4 in many cell types (e.g. pancreatic beta cells) and diseases (e.g., diabetes) remains to be elucidated. Considering the broad spectrum of LGR4 actions, this review aims to discuss both canonical and novel roles of LGR4, with emphasis on emerging research directions focused on this receptor.
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Sea cucumber enzymatic hydrolysates relieve osteoporosis through OPG/RANK/RANKL system in ovariectomized rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Das B, Das M, Kalita A, Baro MR. The role of Wnt pathway in obesity induced inflammation and diabetes: a review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1871-1882. [PMID: 34900830 PMCID: PMC8630176 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes has become a major killer worldwide and at present, millions are affected by it. Being a chronic disease it increases the risk of other diseases ranging from pulmonary disorders to soft tissue infections. The loss of insulin-producing capacity of the pancreatic β-cells is the main reason for the development of the disease. Obesity is a major complication that can give rise to several other diseases such as cancer, diabetes, etc. Visceral adiposity is one of the major factors that play a role in the development of insulin resistance. Obesity causes a chronic low-grade inflammation in the tissues that further increases the chances of developing diabetes. Several pathways have been associated with the development of diabetes due to inflammation caused by obesity. The Wnt pathway is one such candidate pathway that is found to have a controlling effect on the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, the pathway has also been linked to obesity and inflammation. This review aims to find a connection between obesity, inflammation, and diabetes by taking the wnt pathway as the connecting link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhabajyoti Das
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam India
| | - Manas Das
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam India
| | - Anuradha Kalita
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam India
| | - Momita Rani Baro
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam India
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26
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Rauner M, Foessl I, Formosa MM, Kague E, Prijatelj V, Lopez NA, Banerjee B, Bergen D, Busse B, Calado Â, Douni E, Gabet Y, Giralt NG, Grinberg D, Lovsin NM, Solan XN, Ostanek B, Pavlos NJ, Rivadeneira F, Soldatovic I, van de Peppel J, van der Eerden B, van Hul W, Balcells S, Marc J, Reppe S, Søe K, Karasik D. Perspective of the GEMSTONE Consortium on Current and Future Approaches to Functional Validation for Skeletal Genetic Disease Using Cellular, Molecular and Animal-Modeling Techniques. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:731217. [PMID: 34938269 PMCID: PMC8686830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.731217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of large human datasets for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the advancement of sequencing technologies have boosted the identification of genetic variants in complex and rare diseases in the skeletal field. Yet, interpreting results from human association studies remains a challenge. To bridge the gap between genetic association and causality, a systematic functional investigation is necessary. Multiple unknowns exist for putative causal genes, including cellular localization of the molecular function. Intermediate traits ("endophenotypes"), e.g. molecular quantitative trait loci (molQTLs), are needed to identify mechanisms of underlying associations. Furthermore, index variants often reside in non-coding regions of the genome, therefore challenging for interpretation. Knowledge of non-coding variance (e.g. ncRNAs), repetitive sequences, and regulatory interactions between enhancers and their target genes is central for understanding causal genes in skeletal conditions. Animal models with deep skeletal phenotyping and cell culture models have already facilitated fine mapping of some association signals, elucidated gene mechanisms, and revealed disease-relevant biology. However, to accelerate research towards bridging the current gap between association and causality in skeletal diseases, alternative in vivo platforms need to be used and developed in parallel with the current -omics and traditional in vivo resources. Therefore, we argue that as a field we need to establish resource-sharing standards to collectively address complex research questions. These standards will promote data integration from various -omics technologies and functional dissection of human complex traits. In this mission statement, we review the current available resources and as a group propose a consensus to facilitate resource sharing using existing and future resources. Such coordination efforts will maximize the acquisition of knowledge from different approaches and thus reduce redundancy and duplication of resources. These measures will help to understand the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and other skeletal diseases towards defining new and more efficient therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ines Foessl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrine Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melissa M. Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Vid Prijatelj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nerea Alonso Lopez
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, CGEM, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bodhisattwa Banerjee
- Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Dylan Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ângelo Calado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eleni Douni
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute for Bioinnovation, B.S.R.C. “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy & Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalia García Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nika M. Lovsin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xavier Nogues Solan
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Ostanek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nathan J. Pavlos
- Bone Biology & Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bram van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Marcus Research Institute, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
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Greenbaum J, Su KJ, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu A, Zhao LJ, Luo Z, Tian Q, Shen H, Deng HW. A multiethnic whole genome sequencing study to identify novel loci for bone mineral density. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1067-1081. [PMID: 34673960 PMCID: PMC8976433 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there have only been a few DNA sequencing-based studies to explore the genetic determinants of bone mineral density (BMD). We carried out the largest whole genome sequencing analysis to date for femoral neck and spine BMD (n = 4981), with one of the highest average sequencing depths implemented thus far at 22×, in a multiethnic sample (58% Caucasian and 42% African American) from the Louisiana Osteoporosis Study (LOS). The LOS samples were combined with summary statistics from the GEFOS consortium and several independent samples of various ethnicities to perform GWAS meta-analysis (n = 44 506). We identified 31 and 30 genomic risk loci for femoral neck and spine BMD, respectively. The findings substantiate many previously reported susceptibility loci (e.g. WNT16 and ESR1) and reveal several others that are either novel or have not been widely replicated in GWAS for BMD, including two for femoral neck (IGF2 and ZNF423) and one for spine (SIPA1). Although we were not able to uncover ethnicity specific differences in the genetic determinants of BMD, we did identify several loci which demonstrated sex-specific associations, including two for women (PDE4D and PIGN) and three for men (TRAF3IP2, NFIB and LYSMD4). Gene-based rare variant association testing detected MAML2, a regulator of the Notch signaling pathway, which has not previously been suggested, for association with spine BMD. The findings provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kuan-Jui Su
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA,School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Anqi Liu
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zhe Luo
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Section of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Director, Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., RM 1619F, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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28
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Koromani F, Alonso N, Alves I, Brandi ML, Foessl I, Formosa MM, Morgenstern MF, Karasik D, Kolev M, Makitie O, Ntzani E, Pietsch BO, Ohlsson C, Rauner M, Soe K, Soldatovic I, Teti A, Valjevac A, Rivadeneira F. The "GEnomics of Musculo Skeletal Traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork": Origins, Rationale, Organization, and Prospects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:709815. [PMID: 34484122 PMCID: PMC8415473 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.709815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal research has been enriched in the past ten years with a great wealth of new discoveries arising from genome wide association studies (GWAS). In addition to the novel factors identified by GWAS, the advent of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing efforts in family based studies has also identified new genes and pathways. However, the function and the mechanisms by which such genes influence clinical traits remain largely unknown. There is imperative need to bring multidisciplinary expertise together that will allow translating these genomic discoveries into useful clinical applications with the potential of improving patient care. Therefore "GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork" (GEMSTONE) aims to set the ground for the: 1) functional characterization of discovered genes and pathways; 2) understanding of the correspondence between molecular and clinical assessments; and 3) implementation of novel methodological approaches. This research network is funded by The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). GEMSTONE includes six working groups (WG), each with specific objectives: WG1-Study populations and expertise groups: creating, maintaining and updating an inventory of experts and resources (studies and datasets) participating in the network, helping to assemble focus groups defined by phenotype, functional and methodological expertise. WG2-Phenotyping: describe ways to decompose the phenotypes of the different functional studies into meaningful components that will aid the interpretation of identified biological pathways. WG3 Monogenic conditions - human KO models: makes an inventory of genes underlying musculoskeletal monogenic conditions that aids the assignment of genes to GWAS signals and prioritizing GWAS genes as candidates responsible for monogenic presentations, through biological plausibility. WG4 Functional investigations: creating a roadmap of genes and pathways to be prioritized for functional assessment in cell and organism models of the musculoskeletal system. WG5 Bioinformatics seeks the integration of the knowledge derived from the distinct efforts, with particular emphasis on systems biology and artificial intelligence applications. Finally, WG6 Translational outreach: makes a synopsis of the knowledge derived from the distinct efforts, allowing to prioritize factors within biological pathways, use refined disease trait definitions and/or improve study design of future investigations in a potential therapeutic context (e.g. clinical trials) for musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fjorda Koromani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nerea Alonso
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, CGEM-IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (M.L.B.), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ines Foessl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melissa M. Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mikhail Kolev
- Department of Mathematics, South-West University Neofit Rilski, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Outi Makitie
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Evangelia Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Center for Research Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Barbara Obermayer Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kent Soe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Institute of Biostatistics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Amina Valjevac
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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29
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Nilsson KH, Henning P, El Shahawy M, Nethander M, Andersen TL, Ejersted C, Wu J, Gustafsson KL, Koskela A, Tuukkanen J, Souza PPC, Tuckermann J, Lorentzon M, Ruud LE, Lehtimäki T, Tobias JH, Zhou S, Lerner UH, Richards JB, Movérare-Skrtic S, Ohlsson C. RSPO3 is important for trabecular bone and fracture risk in mice and humans. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4923. [PMID: 34389713 PMCID: PMC8363747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing age of the population, countries across the globe are facing a substantial increase in osteoporotic fractures. Genetic association signals for fractures have been reported at the RSPO3 locus, but the causal gene and the underlying mechanism are unknown. Here we show that the fracture reducing allele at the RSPO3 locus associate with increased RSPO3 expression both at the mRNA and protein levels, increased trabecular bone mineral density and reduced risk mainly of distal forearm fractures in humans. We also demonstrate that RSPO3 is expressed in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts and that osteoblast-derived RSPO3 is the principal source of RSPO3 in bone and an important regulator of vertebral trabecular bone mass and bone strength in adult mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that RSPO3 in a cell-autonomous manner increases osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. In conclusion, RSPO3 regulates vertebral trabecular bone mass and bone strength in mice and fracture risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin H Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Henning
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maha El Shahawy
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Maria Nethander
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Levin Andersen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ejersted
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jianyao Wu
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin L Gustafsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antti Koskela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pedro P C Souza
- Innovation in Biomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiâna, Brazil
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda Engström Ruud
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jon H Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sirui Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Brent Richards
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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30
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Yang YY, Zhou YM, Xu JZ, Sun LH, Tao B, Wang WQ, Wang JQ, Zhao HY, Liu JM. Lgr4 promotes aerobic glycolysis and differentiation in osteoblasts via the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1605-1620. [PMID: 33950533 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lgr4, a G-protein-coupled receptor, is associated with various physiological and pathological processes including oncogenesis, energy metabolism, and bone remodeling. However, whether Lgr4 is involved in osteoblasts' metabolism is not clear. Here we uncover that in preosteoblast cell line, lacking Lgr4 results in decreased osteogenic function along with reduced glucose consumption, glucose uptake, and lactate production in the presence of abundant oxygen, which is referred to as aerobic glycolysis. Activating canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling rescued the glycolytic dysfunction. Lgr4 promotes the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (pdk1) and is abolished by interfering canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mice lacking Lgr4 specifically in osteoblasts (Lgr4osb-/- ) exhibit decreased bone mass and strength due to reduced bone formation. Additionally, glycolysis of osteoblasts is impaired in Lgr4osb-/- mice. Our study reveals a novel function of Lgr4 in regulating the cellular metabolism of osteoblasts. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Man Zhou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Zun Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hao Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Tao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Min Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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31
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Bagchi DP, MacDougald OA. Wnt Signaling: From Mesenchymal Cell Fate to Lipogenesis and Other Mature Adipocyte Functions. Diabetes 2021; 70:1419-1430. [PMID: 34155042 PMCID: PMC8336005 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved pathway with fundamental roles in the development of adipose tissues. Roles of this pathway in mesenchymal stem cell fate determination and differentiation have been extensively studied. Indeed, canonical Wnt signaling is a significant endogenous inhibitor of adipogenesis and promoter of other cell fates, including osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and myogenesis. However, emerging genetic evidence in both humans and mice suggests central roles for Wnt signaling in body fat distribution, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction. Herein, we highlight recent studies that have begun to unravel the contributions of various Wnt pathway members to critical adipocyte functions, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. We further explore compelling evidence of complex and coordinated interactions between adipocytes and other cell types within adipose tissues, including stromal, immune, and endothelial cells. Given the evolutionary conservation and ubiquitous cellular distribution of this pathway, uncovering the contributions of Wnt signaling to cell metabolism has exciting implications for therapeutic intervention in widespread pathologic states, including obesity, diabetes, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika P Bagchi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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32
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Yin B, Umar T, Ma X, Chen Y, Chen N, Wu Z, Deng G. MiR-193a-3p targets LGR4 to promote the inflammatory response in endometritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107718. [PMID: 34139630 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Solving the reproductive barriers of dairy cows has become one of the most critical factors determining the dairy industry's development. Clinically, inflammation disease like endometritis is the most crucial cause in reducing dairy production's financial viability. MiR-193 family can induce cell apoptosis and differentiation has been reported in various diseases. LGR4 plays a vital role in reproductive system development and immune system regulation, and it is closely related to animal reproductive function and cytokine regulation. In this study, we observed a negative relationship between miR-193a-3p and LGR4 expression level in both inflammatory tissues and cells. The expression level of miR-193a-3p and LGR4 in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BENDs) is regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation time and dose-dependent. Subsequently, miR-193a-3p mimics and inhibitors were used to explore its functions in the inflammation response process, finding that overexpression of miR-193a-3p markedly increases the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, while the group in which transfected inhibitor is on the contrary. Of note, immunofluorescence and western blot results showed that miR-193a-3p enhanced LPS-induced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation through targeting LGR4, whereas inhibiting miR-193a-3p could suppress the activation of NF-κB pathway significantly. In conclusion, our study firstly reported the mechanism by which miR-193a-3p targets LGR4 to elevate the inflammatory response in bovine endometrium injury, thereby implying that knockdown miR-193a-3p may lay the theoretical and practical basis for drug development of alleviating endometritis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Yin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Talha Umar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Nuoer Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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33
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Yue F, Jiang W, Ku AT, Young AIJ, Zhang W, Souto EP, Gao Y, Yu Z, Wang Y, Creighton CJ, Nagi C, Wang T, Hilsenbeck SG, Feng XH, Huang S, Coarfa C, Zhang XHF, Liu Q, Lin X, Li Y. A Wnt-Independent LGR4-EGFR Signaling Axis in Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4441-4454. [PMID: 34099494 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptors 4, 5, and 6 (LGR4/5/6) play critical roles in development and cancer. The widely accepted mechanism is that these proteins, together with their R-spondin ligands, stabilize Wnt receptors, thus potentiating Wnt signaling. Here we show that LGR4 enhanced breast cancer cell metastasis even when Wnt signaling was deactivated pharmacologically or genetically. Furthermore, LGR4 mutants that cannot potentiate Wnt signaling nevertheless promoted breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Multiomic screening identified EGFR as a crucial mediator of LGR4 activity in cancer progression. Mechanistically, LGR4 interacted with EGFR and blocked EGFR ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in persistent EGFR activation. Together, these data uncover a Wnt-independent LGR4-EGFR signaling axis with broad implications for cancer progression and targeted therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This work demonstrates a Wnt-independent mechanism by which LGR4 promotes cancer metastasis.See related commentary by Stevens and Williams, p. 4397.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yue
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiyu Jiang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy T Ku
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Adelaide I J Young
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric P Souto
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yankun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chandandeep Nagi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tao Wang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shixia Huang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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34
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The Role of LGR4 (GPR48) in Normal and Cancer Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094690. [PMID: 33946652 PMCID: PMC8125670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) is a receptor that belongs to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors that can be activated by R-spondins (RSPOs), Norrin, circLGR4, and the ligand of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANKL) ligands to regulate signaling pathways in normal and pathological processes. LGR4 is widely expressed in different tissues where it has multiple functions such as tissue development and maintenance. LGR4 mainly acts through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to regulate proliferation, survival, and differentiation. In cancer, LGR4 participates in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, recent evidence reveals that LGR4 is essential for the regulation of the cancer stem cell population by controlling self-renewal and regulating stem cell properties. This review summarizes the function of LGR4 and its ligands in normal and malignant processes.
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35
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Twelve years of GWAS discoveries for osteoporosis and related traits: advances, challenges and applications. Bone Res 2021; 9:23. [PMID: 33927194 PMCID: PMC8085014 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease, affecting ~200 million people around the world. As a complex disease, osteoporosis is influenced by many factors, including diet (e.g. calcium and protein intake), physical activity, endocrine status, coexisting diseases and genetic factors. In this review, we first summarize the discovery from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in the bone field in the last 12 years. To date, GWASs and meta-analyses have discovered hundreds of loci that are associated with bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fractures. However, the GWAS approach has sometimes been criticized because of the small effect size of the discovered variants and the mystery of missing heritability, these two questions could be partially explained by the newly raised conceptual models, such as omnigenic model and natural selection. Finally, we introduce the clinical use of GWAS findings in the bone field, such as the identification of causal clinical risk factors, the development of drug targets and disease prediction. Despite the fruitful GWAS discoveries in the bone field, most of these GWAS participants were of European descent, and more genetic studies should be carried out in other ethnic populations to benefit disease prediction in the corresponding population.
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36
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Carrillo-López N, Martínez-Arias L, Fernández-Villabrille S, Ruiz-Torres MP, Dusso A, Cannata-Andía JB, Naves-Díaz M, Panizo S. Role of the RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt/β-Catenin Systems in CKD Bone and Cardiovascular Disorders. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:439-451. [PMID: 33586001 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD), alterations in the bone-vascular axis augment the risk of bone loss, fractures, vascular and soft tissue calcification, left ventricular hypertrophy, renal and myocardial fibrosis, which markedly increase morbidity and mortality rates. A major challenge to improve skeletal and cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients requires a better understanding of the increasing complex interactions among the main modulators of the bone-vascular axis. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), calcidiol, calcitriol and Klotho are involved in this axis interact with RANK/RANKL/OPG system and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The RANK/RANKL/OPG system controls bone remodeling by inducing osteoblast synthesis of RANKL and downregulating OPG production and it is also implicated in vascular calcification. The complexity of this system has recently increased due the discovery of LGR4, a novel RANKL receptor involved in bone formation, but possibly also in vascular calcification. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a key role in bone formation: when this pathway is activated, bone is formed, but when it is inhibited, bone formation is stopped. In the progression of CKD, a downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been described which occurs mainly through the not coincident elevations of sclerostin, Dickkopf1 (Dkk1) and the secreted Frizzled Related Proteins (sFRPs). This review analyzes the interactions of PTH, P, Ca, FGF23, calcidiol, calcitriol and Klotho with the RANKL/RANKL/OPG system and the Wnt/β-catenin, pathway and their implications in bone and cardiovascular disorders in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Carrillo-López
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Arias
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Villabrille
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Piedad Ruiz-Torres
- Department of System Biology, Universidad de Alcalá, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Adriana Dusso
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge B Cannata-Andía
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Manuel Naves-Díaz
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Panizo
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
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37
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Carrillo-López N, Martínez-Arias L, Alonso-Montes C, Martín-Carro B, Martín-Vírgala J, Ruiz-Ortega M, Fernández-Martín JL, Dusso AS, Rodriguez-García M, Naves-Díaz M, Cannata-Andía JB, Panizo S. The receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand receptor leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 contributes to parathyroid hormone-induced vascular calcification. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:618-631. [PMID: 33367746 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic kidney disease, serum phosphorus (P) elevations stimulate parathyroid hormone (PTH) production, causing severe alterations in the bone-vasculature axis. PTH is the main regulator of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system, which is essential for bone maintenance and also plays an important role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification. The discovery of a new RANKL receptor, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4), which is important for osteoblast differentiation but with an unknown role in vascular calcification (VC), led us to examine the contribution of LGR4 in high P/high PTH-driven VC. METHODS In vivo studies were conducted in subtotally nephrectomized rats fed a normal or high P diet, with and without parathyroidectomy (PTX). PTX rats were supplemented with PTH(1-34) to achieve physiological serum PTH levels. In vitro studies were performed in rat aortic VSMCs cultured in control medium, calcifying medium (CM) or CM plus 10-7 versus 10-9 M PTH. RESULTS Rats fed a high P diet had a significantly increased aortic calcium (Ca) content. Similarly, Ca deposition was higher in VSMCs exposed to CM. Both conditions were associated with increased RANKL and LGR4 and decreased OPG aorta expression and were exacerbated by high PTH. Silencing of LGR4 or parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R) attenuated the high PTH-driven increases in Ca deposition. Furthermore, PTH1R silencing and pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA), but not protein kinase C, prevented the increases in RANKL and LGR4 and decreased OPG. Treatment with PKA agonist corroborated that LGR4 regulation is a PTH/PKA-driven process. CONCLUSIONS High PTH increases LGR4 and RANKL and decreases OPG expression in the aorta, thereby favouring VC. The hormone's direct pro-calcifying actions involve PTH1R binding and PKA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Carrillo-López
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, REDinREN-ISCIII, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Arias
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, REDinREN-ISCIII, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso-Montes
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, REDinREN-ISCIII, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Carro
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, REDinREN-ISCIII, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julia Martín-Vírgala
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, REDinREN-ISCIII, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Vascular and Renal Laboratory Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, REDinREN-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Fernández-Martín
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, REDinREN-ISCIII, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adriana S Dusso
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, REDinREN-ISCIII, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Minerva Rodriguez-García
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, REDinREN-ISCIII, Oviedo, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Naves-Díaz
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, REDinREN-ISCIII, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge B Cannata-Andía
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, REDinREN-ISCIII, Oviedo, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Panizo
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, REDinREN-ISCIII, Oviedo, Spain
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38
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Zhang X, Deng HW, Shen H, Ehrlich M. Prioritization of Osteoporosis-Associated Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Using Epigenomics and Transcriptomics. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10481. [PMID: 33977200 PMCID: PMC8101624 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic risk factors for osteoporosis, a prevalent disease associated with aging, have been examined in many genome-wide association studies (GWASs). A major challenge is to prioritize transcription-regulatory GWAS-derived variants that are likely to be functional. Given the critical role of epigenetics in gene regulation, we have used an unusual epigenetics-based and transcription-based approach to identify some of the credible regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) relevant to osteoporosis from 38 reported bone mineral density (BMD) GWASs. Using Roadmap databases, we prioritized SNPs based upon their overlap with strong enhancer or promoter chromatin preferentially in osteoblasts relative to 12 heterologous cell culture types. We also required that these SNPs overlap open chromatin (Deoxyribonuclease I [DNaseI]-hypersensitive sites) and DNA sequences predicted to bind to osteoblast-relevant transcription factors in an allele-specific manner. From >50,000 GWAS-derived SNPs, we identified 14 novel and credible regulatory SNPs (Tier-1 SNPs) for osteoporosis risk. Their associated genes, BICC1, LGR4, DAAM2, NPR3, or HMGA2, are involved in osteoblastogenesis or bone homeostasis and regulate cell signaling or enhancer function. Four of these genes are preferentially expressed in osteoblasts. BICC1, LGR4, and DAAM2 play important roles in canonical Wnt signaling, a pathway critical for bone formation and repair. The transcription factors predicted to bind to the Tier-1 SNP-containing DNA sequences also have bone-related functions. We present evidence that some of the Tier-1 SNPs exert their effects on BMD risk indirectly through little-studied long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) genes, which may, in turn, control the nearby bone-related protein-encoding gene. Our study illustrates a method to identify novel BMD-related causal regulatory SNPs for future study and to prioritize candidate regulatory GWAS-derived SNPs, in general. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - Melanie Ehrlich
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA.,Tulane Cancer Center and Hayward Genetics Center Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
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Chen T, Qiao X, Cheng L, Liu M, Deng Y, Zhuo X. LGR4 silence aggravates ischemic injury by modulating mitochondrial function and oxidative stress via ERK signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:363-371. [PMID: 33559814 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is reported that LGR4 (leucine-rich repeat domain containing G protein-coupled receptor 4) plays a crucial role in the physiological function of many organs. However, few data are available on the function and mechanism of LGR4 in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of this study was to explore the function and mechanism of LGR4 in I/R injury. We incubated H9c2 cells in simulating ischemia buffer and then re-incubated them in normal culture medium to establish a model of I/R injury in vitro. The expression of LGR4 was evaluated by RT-PCR and western blot. Besides, the cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis and the content of ROS, SOD, MDA, LDH, CK, ATP, cyt c were detected by special commercial kits. The expression of mitochondrial function-related proteins were detected by western blot. Then, the roles of ERK signaling pathway was determined with TBHQ (ERK activator) treatment. Our data have demonstrated that I/R boosted the expression of LGR4 in H9c2 cells. Knockdown of LGR4 increased the apoptosis rate of H9c2 cells and led to excessed oxidant stress and impaired mitochondrial function by increasing the levels of ROS, MDA, LDH, CK and cyt c and inhibiting SOD activity, ATP production. In addition, LGR4 silence inhibited the activation of ERK pathway. And TBHQ partially reversed the effects of LGR4 knockdown on H9c2 cells. To conclude, our study indicated that LGR4 regulated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress by ERK signaling pathways, which provides a potential cardiac protective target against I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangrui Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangyang Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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40
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Shi SQ, Li SS, Zhang XY, Wei Z, Fu WZ, He JW, Hu YQ, Li M, Zheng LL, Zhang ZL. LGR4 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Bone and Obesity Phenotypes in Chinese Female Nuclear Families. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:656077. [PMID: 34707566 PMCID: PMC8544421 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.656077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study was conducted to determine whether peak bone mineral density (BMD) and obesity phenotypes are associated with certain LGR4 gene polymorphisms found in Chinese nuclear families with female children. METHODS A total of 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in and around the LGR4 gene were identified in 1,300 subjects who were members of 390 Chinese nuclear families with female children. Then, BMD readings of the femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine as well as measurements of the total lean mass (TLM), total fat mass (TFM), and trunk fat mass were obtained via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The quantitative transmission disequilibrium test was used to analyze the associations between specific SNPs and LGR4 haplotypes and peak BMD as well as between LGR4 haplotypes and TLM, percent lean mass, TFM, percent fat mass, trunk fat mass, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Here, rs7936621 was significantly associated with the BMD values for the total hip and lumbar spine, while rs10835171 and rs6484295 were associated with the trunk fat mass and BMI, respectively. Regarding the haplotypes, we found significant associations between GAA in block 2 and trunk fat mass and BMI, between AGCGT in block 3 and total hip BMD, between TGCTCC in block 5 and femoral neck BMD, and between TACTTC in block 5 and both lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD (all P-values < 0.05). CONCLUSION Genetic variations of the LGR4 gene are related to peak BMD, BMI, and trunk fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-qin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-shan Li
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-ya Zhang
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-zhen Fu
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-wei He
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-qiu Hu
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Li
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-li Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-lin Zhang, ; Li-li Zheng,
| | - Zhen-lin Zhang
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-lin Zhang, ; Li-li Zheng,
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Ye W, Wang Y, Hou S, Mei B, Liu X, Huang H, Zhou Q, Niu Y, Chen Y, Zhang M, Huang Q. USF3 modulates osteoporosis risk by targeting WNT16, RANKL, RUNX2, and two GWAS lead SNPs rs2908007 and rs4531631. Hum Mutat 2020; 42:37-49. [PMID: 33058301 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures cause major morbidity and mortality in the aging population. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified USF3 as the novel susceptibility gene of osteoporosis. However, the functional role in bone metabolism and the target gene of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor USF3 are unclear. Here, we show that USF3 enhances osteoblast differentiation and suppresses osteoclastogenesis in cultured human osteoblast-like U-2OS cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that transcription factor USF3 antagonistically interacts with anti-osteogenic TWIST1/TCF12 heterodimer in the WNT16 and RUNX2 promoter, and counteracts CREB1 and JUN/FOS in the RANKL promoter. Importantly, the osteoporosis GWAS variant g.1744A>G (rs2908007A>G) located in the WNT16 promoter confers G-allele-specific transcriptional modulation by USF3, TWIST1/TCF12 and TBX5/TBX15, and USF3 transactivates the osteoclastogenesis suppressor WNT16 promoter activity and antagonizes the repression of WNT16 by TWIST1 and TCF12. The risk G allele of osteoporosis GWAS variant g.3260A>G (rs4531631A>G) in the RANKL promoter facilitates the binding of CREB1 and JUN/FOS and enhances transactivation of the osteoclastogenesis contributor RANKL that is inhibited by USF3. Our findings uncovered the functional mechanisms of osteoporosis novel GWAS-associated gene USF3 and lead single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2908007 and rs4531631 in the regulation of bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sasa Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Mei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajing Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manling Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyang Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Schöneberg T, Liebscher I. Mutations in G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:89-119. [PMID: 33219147 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are approximately 800 annotated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes, making these membrane receptors members of the most abundant gene family in the human genome. Besides being involved in manifold physiologic functions and serving as important pharmacotherapeutic targets, mutations in 55 GPCR genes cause about 66 inherited monogenic diseases in humans. Alterations of nine GPCR genes are causatively involved in inherited digenic diseases. In addition to classic gain- and loss-of-function variants, other aspects, such as biased signaling, trans-signaling, ectopic expression, allele variants of GPCRs, pseudogenes, gene fusion, and gene dosage, contribute to the repertoire of GPCR dysfunctions. However, the spectrum of alterations and GPCR involvement is probably much larger because an additional 91 GPCR genes contain homozygous or hemizygous loss-of-function mutations in human individuals with currently unidentified phenotypes. This review highlights the complexity of genomic alteration of GPCR genes as well as their functional consequences and discusses derived therapeutic approaches. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: With the advent of new transgenic and sequencing technologies, the number of monogenic diseases related to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mutants has significantly increased, and our understanding of the functional impact of certain kinds of mutations has substantially improved. Besides the classical gain- and loss-of-function alterations, additional aspects, such as biased signaling, trans-signaling, ectopic expression, allele variants of GPCRs, uniparental disomy, pseudogenes, gene fusion, and gene dosage, need to be elaborated in light of GPCR dysfunctions and possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
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43
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Zhang D, Wang Y, Lin H, Sun Y, Wang M, Jia Y, Yu X, Jiang H, Xu W, Sun JP, Xu Z. Function and therapeutic potential of G protein-coupled receptors in epididymis. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5489-5508. [PMID: 32901914 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility rates for both females and males have increased continuously in recent years. Currently, effective treatments for male infertility with defined mechanisms or targets are still lacking. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of drug targets, but their functions and the implications for the therapeutic development for male infertility largely remain elusive. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that several members of the GPCR superfamily play crucial roles in the maintenance of ion-water homeostasis of the epididymis, development of the efferent ductules, formation of the blood-epididymal barrier and maturation of sperm. Knowledge of the functions, genetic variations and working mechanisms of such GPCRs, along with the drugs and ligands relevant to their specific functions, provide future directions and a great arsenal for new developments in the treatment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingli Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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44
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Surakka I, Fritsche LG, Zhou W, Backman J, Kosmicki JA, Lu H, Brumpton B, Nielsen JB, Gabrielsen ME, Skogholt AH, Wolford B, Graham SE, Chen YE, Lee S, Kang HM, Langhammer A, Forsmo S, Åsvold BO, Styrkarsdottir U, Holm H, Gudbjartsson D, Stefansson K, Baras A, Abecasis GR, Hveem K, Willer CJ. MEPE loss-of-function variant associates with decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4093. [PMID: 33097703 PMCID: PMC7585430 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in genetic association studies is that most associated variants fall in the non-coding part of the human genome. We searched for variants associated with bone mineral density (BMD) after enriching the discovery cohort for loss-of-function (LoF) mutations by sequencing a subset of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, followed by imputation in the remaining sample (N = 19,705), and identified ten known BMD loci. However, one previously unreported variant, LoF mutation in MEPE, p.(Lys70IlefsTer26, minor allele frequency [MAF] = 0.8%), was associated with decreased ultradistal forearm BMD (P-value = 2.1 × 10−18), and increased osteoporosis (P-value = 4.2 × 10−5) and fracture risk (P-value = 1.6 × 10−5). The MEPE LoF association with BMD and fractures was further evaluated in 279,435 UK (MAF = 0.05%, heel bone estimated BMD P-value = 1.2 × 10−16, any fracture P-value = 0.05) and 375,984 Icelandic samples (MAF = 0.03%, arm BMD P-value = 0.12, forearm fracture P-value = 0.005). Screening for the MEPE LoF mutations before adulthood could potentially prevent osteoporosis and fractures due to the lifelong effect on BMD observed in the study. A key implication for precision medicine is that high-impact functional variants missing from the publicly available cosmopolitan panels could be clinically more relevant than polygenic risk scores. Bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with fracture risk and many genetic loci with small effect sizes have been discovered by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here, the authors discover a large-effect rare loss-of-function genetic variant for BMD in the MEPE gene in the Norwegian HUNT study which replicates in the UK Biobank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Surakka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lars G Fritsche
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, 1700 SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Palmer Commons, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joshua Backman
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Jack A Kosmicki
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ben Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonas B Nielsen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Brooke Wolford
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Palmer Commons, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E Graham
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Seunggeun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, 1700 SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, 1700 SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, N-7491, Levanger, Norway
| | - Siri Forsmo
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, N-7491, Levanger, Norway
| | - Bjørn O Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, N-7491, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmýrarvegur 16, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | | | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, 1700 SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, N-7491, Levanger, Norway.
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Palmer Commons, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 4909 Buhl Building, 1241 E. Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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45
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Rocha-Braz MGM, França MM, Fernandes AM, Lerario AM, Zanardo EA, de Santana LS, Kulikowski LD, Martin RM, Mendonca BB, Ferraz-de-Souza B. Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of 128 Candidate Genes in a Cohort With Idiopathic, Severe, or Familial Osteoporosis. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa148. [PMID: 33195954 PMCID: PMC7645613 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The genetic bases of osteoporosis (OP), a disorder with high heritability, are poorly understood at an individual level. Cases of idiopathic or familial OP have long puzzled clinicians as to whether an actionable genetic cause could be identified. Objective We performed a genetic analysis of 28 cases of idiopathic, severe, or familial osteoporosis using targeted massively parallel sequencing. Design Targeted sequencing of 128 candidate genes was performed using Illumina NextSeq. Variants of interest were confirmed by Sanger sequencing or SNP array. Patients and Setting Thirty-seven patients in an academic tertiary hospital participated (54% male; median age, 44 years; 86% with fractures), corresponding to 28 sporadic or familial cases. Main Outcome Measure The identification of rare stop-gain, indel, splice site, copy-number, or nonsynonymous variants altering protein function. Results Altogether, we identified 28 variants of interest, but only 3 were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants: COL1A2 p.(Arg708Gln), WNT1 p.(Gly169Asp), and IDUA p.(His82Gln). An association of variants in different genes was found in 21% of cases, including a young woman with severe OP bearing WNT1, PLS3, and NOTCH2 variants. Among genes of uncertain significance analyzed, a potential additional line of evidence has arisen for GWAS candidates GPR68 and NBR1, warranting further studies. Conclusions While we hope that continuing efforts to identify genetic predisposition to OP will lead to improved and personalized care in the future, the likelihood of identifying actionable pathogenic variants in intriguing cases of idiopathic or familial osteoporosis is seemingly low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela G M Rocha-Braz
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Divisao de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica M França
- Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM-42, Divisao de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,The University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Adriana M Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Divisao de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio M Lerario
- Laboratorio de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Evelin A Zanardo
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas S de Santana
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Divisao de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leslie D Kulikowski
- Laboratorio de Citogenomica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina M Martin
- Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM-42, Divisao de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Berenice B Mendonca
- Laboratorio de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ferraz-de-Souza
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Divisao de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bagchi DP, Nishii A, Li Z, DelProposto JB, Corsa CA, Mori H, Hardij J, Learman BS, Lumeng CN, MacDougald OA. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates adipose tissue lipogenesis and adipocyte-specific loss is rigorously defended by neighboring stromal-vascular cells. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101078. [PMID: 32919095 PMCID: PMC7554252 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a well-studied endogenous regulator of mesenchymal cell fate determination, promoting osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting adipogenesis. However, emerging genetic evidence in humans links a number of Wnt pathway members to body fat distribution, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction, suggesting that this pathway also functions in adipocytes. Recent studies in mice have uncovered compelling evidence that the Wnt signaling pathway plays important roles in adipocyte metabolism, particularly under obesogenic conditions. However, complexities in Wnt signaling and differences in experimental models and approaches have thus far limited our understanding of its specific roles in this context. METHODS To investigate roles of the canonical Wnt pathway in the regulation of adipocyte metabolism, we generated adipocyte-specific β-catenin (β-cat) knockout mouse and cultured cell models. We used RNA sequencing, ChIP sequencing, and molecular approaches to assess expression of Wnt targets and lipogenic genes. We then used functional assays to evaluate effects of β-catenin deficiency on adipocyte metabolism, including lipid and carbohydrate handling. In mice maintained on normal chow and high-fat diets, we assessed the cellular and functional consequences of adipocyte-specific β-catenin deletion on adipose tissues and systemic metabolism. RESULTS We report that in adipocytes, the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and fatty acid monounsaturation. Further, β-catenin mediates effects of Wnt signaling on lipid metabolism in part by transcriptional regulation of Mlxipl and Srebf1. Intriguingly, adipocyte-specific loss of β-catenin is sensed and defended by CD45-/CD31- stromal cells to maintain tissue-wide Wnt signaling homeostasis in chow-fed mice. With long-term high-fat diet, this compensatory mechanism is overridden, revealing that β-catenin deletion promotes resistance to diet-induced obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy and subsequent protection from metabolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our studies demonstrate that Wnt signaling in adipocytes is required for lipogenic gene expression, de novo lipogenesis, and lipid desaturation. In addition, adipose tissues rigorously defend Wnt signaling homeostasis under standard nutritional conditions, such that stromal-vascular cells sense and compensate for adipocyte-specific loss. These findings underscore the critical importance of this pathway in adipocyte lipid metabolism and adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika P Bagchi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Akira Nishii
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jennifer B DelProposto
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Callie A Corsa
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Julie Hardij
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Brian S Learman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Yu WJ, Zhang Z, Fu WZ, He JW, Wang C, Zhang ZL. Association between LGR4 polymorphisms and peak bone mineral density and body composition. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:658-669. [PMID: 32399675 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) could affect differentiation of osteoblasts and bone mass through potentiating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. LGR4 is also relevant to glycolipid metabolism. The present study aims to explore the relationship between genetic variations in LGR4 gene and peak bone mineral density (peak BMD) and body composition phenotypes in Chinese nuclear families. MATERIALS AND METHODS 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and five blocks were constructed in LGR4. Body composition (lean mass and fat mass) and peak BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Quantitative transmission disequilibrium test (QTDT) analysis was used to explore the relationship between LGR4 genotypes and the mentioned phenotypes. RESULTS For QTDT analysis after 1000 permutations, significant within-family associations were observed between rs11029986 and total fat mass (TFM) and percentage of TFM (PFM) (P = 0.014 and 0.011, respectively), rs12787344, rs4128868, rs4923445, and rs7936621 and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.008, 0.003, 0.046, and 0.003, respectively), rs11029986 and total hip BMD (P = 0.026), and rs12796247, rs2219783, and lumbar spine BMD (P = 0.013 and 0.027, respectively). Haplotypes GCGT and AAGC (both in block 3) were observed in significant within-family association with BMI (P = 0.003 and 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION It is the first family-based association analysis to explore and demonstrate significant associations between LGR4 genotypes and variations of peak BMD and body composition in young Chinese men. The results are consistent with the findings that recent studies revealed, and confirm the critical relationship between LGR4 gene and both BMD and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Yu
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi-Shan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
- Department of Osteoporosis, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Huadong Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Fu
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi-Shan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wei He
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi-Shan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Wang
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi-Shan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Lin Zhang
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi-Shan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Doherty L, Sanjay A. LGRs in Skeletal Tissues: An Emerging Role for Wnt-Associated Adult Stem Cell Markers in Bone. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10380. [PMID: 32666024 PMCID: PMC7340442 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G protein‐coupled receptors (LGRs) are adult stem cell markers that have been described across various stem cell niches, and expression of LGRs and their corresponding ligands (R‐spondins) has now been reported in multiple bone‐specific cell types. The skeleton harbors elusive somatic stem cell populations that are exceedingly compartment‐specific and under tight regulation from various signaling pathways. Skeletal progenitors give rise to multiple tissues during development and during regenerative processes of bone, requiring postnatal endochondral and intramembranous ossification. The relevance of LGRs and the LGR/R‐spondin ligand interaction in bone and tooth biology is becoming increasingly appreciated. LGRs may define specific stem cell and progenitor populations and their behavior during both development and regeneration, and their role as Wnt‐associated receptors with specific ligands poses these proteins as unique therapeutic targets via potential R‐spondin agonism. This review seeks to outline the current literature on LGRs in the context of bone and its associated tissues, and points to key future directions for studying the functional role of LGRs and ligands in skeletal biology. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Doherty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery UConn Health Farmington CT USA
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery UConn Health Farmington CT USA
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49
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Mancini A, Howard SR, Marelli F, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, Sternberg MJ, Leprovots M, Hadjidemetriou I, Monti E, David A, Wehkalampi K, Oleari R, Lettieri A, Vezzoli V, Vassart G, Cariboni A, Bonomi M, Garcia MI, Guasti L, Dunkel L. LGR4 deficiency results in delayed puberty through impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133434. [PMID: 32493844 PMCID: PMC7308048 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation of puberty is driven by an upsurge in hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. In turn, GnRH secretion upsurge depends on the development of a complex GnRH neuroendocrine network during embryonic life. Although delayed puberty (DP) affects up to 2% of the population, is highly heritable, and is associated with adverse health outcomes, the genes underlying DP remain largely unknown. We aimed to discover regulators by whole-exome sequencing of 160 individuals of 67 multigenerational families in our large, accurately phenotyped DP cohort. LGR4 was the only gene remaining after analysis that was significantly enriched for potentially pathogenic, rare variants in 6 probands. Expression analysis identified specific Lgr4 expression at the site of GnRH neuron development. LGR4 mutant proteins showed impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling, owing to defective protein expression, trafficking, and degradation. Mice deficient in Lgr4 had significantly delayed onset of puberty and fewer GnRH neurons compared with WT, whereas lgr4 knockdown in zebrafish embryos prevented formation and migration of GnRH neurons. Further, genetic lineage tracing showed strong Lgr4-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation during GnRH neuron development. In conclusion, our results show that LGR4 deficiency impairs Wnt/β-catenin signaling with observed defects in GnRH neuron development, resulting in a DP phenotype. Defects of LGR4/Wnt-β-catenin activity compromise the development of the GnRH neuroendocrine network, resulting in delayed onset of puberty in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mancini
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha R Howard
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Marelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia P Cabrera
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, and.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Barnes
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, and.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Je Sternberg
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Irene Hadjidemetriou
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Monti
- St George's NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia David
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karoliina Wehkalampi
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Lettieri
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Vezzoli
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Cariboni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bonomi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Dunkel
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Li C, Huang Q, Yang R, Guo X, Dai Y, Zeng J, Zeng Y, Tao L, Li X, Zhou H, Wang Q. Targeted next generation sequencing of nine osteoporosis-related genes in the Wnt signaling pathway among Chinese postmenopausal women. Endocrine 2020; 68:669-678. [PMID: 32147773 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the association between low-frequency and rare variants of Wnt signaling genes and postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP) by the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. METHODS We performed targeted NGS of nine Wnt signaling genes in 400 Chinese postmenopausal women, including 226 cases with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and 174 controls with normal values. Proxy External Controls Association Test (ProxECAT) and logistic regression analysis were performed by data from internal cases (n = 226) and Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) East Asian controls (n = 9435). RESULTS The genomic region of interest (ROI) of 94 functional low-frequency and rare variants was associated with OP risk (P < 0.05). The LGR6 gene was associated significantly with OP risk and BMD measurements (BMD, T-score and Z-score) (adjusted-P < 0.05) after adjusting for confounders. The allele A of rs199693693 (K82N) in LRP6 and G of novel variant 1: 202287949 (R840G) in LGR6 were associated with higher BMD, T-score, and Z-score (all adjusted-P < 0.05). ProxECAT showed that LGR4 was significantly different between the internal cases and the external controls (all adjusted-P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the allele G of rs765778410 (T645A) (OR = 26.16, 95% CI: 4.36-156.95, adjusted-P value = 0.026) in LGR6 and A of rs61370283 (L987M) (OR = 15.39, 95% CI: 2.98-79.55, adjusted-P value = 0.037) in LRP5 were associated with increased risk of postmenopausal OP. CONCLUSION The LGR4 and LGR6 genes and four potential functional rare variants associate with postmenopausal OP risk. These results highlight the significance of rare functional variants in postmenopausal OP genetics and provide new insights into the potential mutations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Health Checkup, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Junchao Zeng
- Department of Health Checkup, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Wuhan No.1 Hospital, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Lailin Tao
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
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