1
|
Leandro K, Rufino-Ramos D, Breyne K, Di Ianni E, Lopes SM, Jorge Nobre R, Kleinstiver BP, Perdigão PRL, Breakefield XO, Pereira de Almeida L. Exploring the potential of cell-derived vesicles for transient delivery of gene editing payloads. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115346. [PMID: 38849005 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Gene editing technologies have the potential to correct genetic disorders by modifying, inserting, or deleting specific DNA sequences or genes, paving the way for a new class of genetic therapies. While gene editing tools continue to be improved to increase their precision and efficiency, the limited efficacy of in vivo delivery remains a major hurdle for clinical use. An ideal delivery vehicle should be able to target a sufficient number of diseased cells in a transient time window to maximize on-target editing and mitigate off-target events and immunogenicity. Here, we review major advances in novel delivery platforms based on cell-derived vesicles - extracellular vesicles and virus-like particles - for transient delivery of gene editing payloads. We discuss major findings regarding packaging, in vivo biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy, and safety concerns of cell-derived vesicles delivery of gene editing cargos and their potential for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Leandro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; GeneT - Gene Therapy Center of Excellence Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - David Rufino-Ramos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; GeneT - Gene Therapy Center of Excellence Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Koen Breyne
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Emilio Di Ianni
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sara M Lopes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; GeneT - Gene Therapy Center of Excellence Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Jorge Nobre
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; GeneT - Gene Therapy Center of Excellence Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; ViraVector - Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Benjamin P Kleinstiver
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pedro R L Perdigão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; GeneT - Gene Therapy Center of Excellence Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; GeneT - Gene Therapy Center of Excellence Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; ViraVector - Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Díaz-Salinas MA, Jain A, Durham ND, Munro JB. Single-molecule imaging reveals allosteric stimulation of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain by host sialic acid. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk4920. [PMID: 39018397 PMCID: PMC466946 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk4920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Conformational dynamics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein (S) mediate exposure of the binding site for the cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The N-terminal domain (NTD) of S binds terminal sialic acid (SA) moieties on the cell surface, but the functional role of this interaction in virus entry is unknown. Here, we report that NTD-SA interaction enhances both S-mediated virus attachment and ACE2 binding. Through single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer imaging of individual S trimers, we demonstrate that SA binding to the NTD allosterically shifts the S conformational equilibrium, favoring enhanced exposure of the ACE2-binding site. Antibodies that target the NTD block SA binding, which contributes to their mechanism of neutralization. These findings inform on mechanisms of S activation at the cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Díaz-Salinas
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Aastha Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Natasha D. Durham
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - James B. Munro
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen R, Kang Z, Li W, Xu T, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Huang Z, Xu X, Huang Z. Extracellular vesicle surface display of αPD-L1 and αCD3 antibodies via engineered late domain-based scaffold to activate T-cell anti-tumor immunity. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12490. [PMID: 39051742 PMCID: PMC11270581 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as promising carriers for the delivery of therapeutic biologics. Genetic engineering represents a robust strategy for loading proteins of interest into EVs. Identification of EV-enriched proteins facilitates protein cargo loading efficiency. Many EV-enriched proteins are sorted into EVs via an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent pathway. In parallel, viruses hijack this EV biosynthesis machinery via conserved late domain motifs to promote egress from host cells. Inspired by the similarity of biogenesis between EVs and viruses, we developed a synthetic, Late domain-based EV scaffold protein that enables the display of a set of single chain variable fragments (scFvs) on the EV surface. We named this scaffold the Late domain-based exosomal antibody surface display platform (LEAP). We applied the LEAP scaffold to reprogramme HEK293T cell-derived EVs to elicit T-cell anti-tumor immunity by simultaneously displaying αPD-L1 and αCD3 scFvs on the EV surface (denoted as αPD-L1×αCD3 bispecific T-cell engaging exosomes, BiTExos). We demonstrated that αPD-L1×αCD3 BiTExos actively redirected T cells to bind to PD-L1+ tumor cells, promoting T-cell activation, proliferation and tumoricidal cytokine production. Furthermore, the αPD-L1×αCD3 BiTExos promoted T-cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment to mitigate the tumor burden in vivo. Our study suggested that the LEAP scaffold may serve as a platform for EV surface display and could be applied for a broad range of EV-based biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Ziqin Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Tianshu Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Medical Research CenterSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Qiming Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Zixian Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Medical Research CenterSun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Zhiquan Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang EC, Divine R, Miranda MC, Borst AJ, Sheffler W, Zhang JZ, Decarreau J, Saragovi A, Abedi M, Goldbach N, Ahlrichs M, Dobbins C, Hand A, Cheng S, Lamb M, Levine PM, Chan S, Skotheim R, Fallas J, Ueda G, Lubner J, Somiya M, Khmelinskaia A, King NP, Baker D. Computational design of non-porous pH-responsive antibody nanoparticles. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01288-5. [PMID: 38724718 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Programming protein nanomaterials to respond to changes in environmental conditions is a current challenge for protein design and is important for targeted delivery of biologics. Here we describe the design of octahedral non-porous nanoparticles with a targeting antibody on the two-fold symmetry axis, a designed trimer programmed to disassemble below a tunable pH transition point on the three-fold axis, and a designed tetramer on the four-fold symmetry axis. Designed non-covalent interfaces guide cooperative nanoparticle assembly from independently purified components, and a cryo-EM density map closely matches the computational design model. The designed nanoparticles can package protein and nucleic acid payloads, are endocytosed following antibody-mediated targeting of cell surface receptors, and undergo tunable pH-dependent disassembly at pH values ranging between 5.9 and 6.7. The ability to incorporate almost any antibody into a non-porous pH-dependent nanoparticle opens up new routes to antibody-directed targeted delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Yang
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological Physics, Structure & Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robby Divine
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marcos C Miranda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Borst
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Will Sheffler
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason Z Zhang
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin Decarreau
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amijai Saragovi
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohamad Abedi
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicolas Goldbach
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maggie Ahlrichs
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Craig Dobbins
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Hand
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suna Cheng
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mila Lamb
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul M Levine
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sidney Chan
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca Skotheim
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jorge Fallas
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George Ueda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua Lubner
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Masaharu Somiya
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Alena Khmelinskaia
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Transdisciplinary Research Area 'Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions (TRA Matter)', University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Neil P King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - David Baker
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shimizu H, Hosseini-Alghaderi S, Woodcock SA, Baron M. Alternative mechanisms of Notch activation by partitioning into distinct endosomal domains. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202211041. [PMID: 38358349 PMCID: PMC10868400 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202211041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Different membrane microdomain compositions provide unique environments that can regulate signaling receptor function. We identify microdomains on the endosome membrane of Drosophila endosomes, enriched in lipid-raft or clathrin/ESCRT-0, which are associated with Notch activation by distinct, ligand-independent mechanisms. Transfer of Notch between microdomains is regulated by Deltex and Suppressor of deltex ubiquitin ligases and is limited by a gate-keeper role for ESCRT complexes. Ubiquitination of Notch by Deltex recruits it to the clathrin/ESCRT-0 microdomain and enhances Notch activation by an ADAM10-independent/TRPML-dependent mechanism. This requirement for Deltex is bypassed by the downregulation of ESCRT-III. In contrast, while ESCRT-I depletion also activates Notch, it does so by an ADAM10-dependent/TRPML-independent mechanism and Notch is retained in the lipid raft-like microdomain. In the absence of such endosomal perturbation, different activating Notch mutations also localize to different microdomains and are activated by different mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate the interplay between Notch regulators, endosomal trafficking components, and Notch genetics, which defines membrane locations and activation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Shimizu
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Samira Hosseini-Alghaderi
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon A. Woodcock
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Baron
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maeda K, Goto S, Miura K, Saito K, Morita E. The incorporation of extracellular vesicle markers varies among vesicles with distinct surface charges. J Biochem 2024; 175:299-312. [PMID: 38030385 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication. However, the methods available for distinguishing the heterogeneity of secreted EVs and isolating and purifying them are limited. This study introduced a HiBiT-tag to detect various EV markers, including CD63, CD9, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Flotilin1, and Syndecan-1, and investigated whether these marker-containing vesicles were capable of binding to differently charged column carriers. Four column carriers, Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE), Capto Adhere, Blue and Heparin, showed affinity for CD63 containing EVs, but their elution patterns varied. Furthermore, we observed that the elution patterns of the EV markers differed among vesicles with distinct surface charges when a DEAE column was used. This suggests that the incorporation of EV markers varied between these vesicles. The markers showed different subcellular localizations, indicating that the site of vesicle formation may contribute to the production of vesicles with varying charges and marker incorporation. These findings may have implications for the development of methods to purify homogeneous EVs, which could be useful in EV-mediated drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Grants
- 20333747, 19fk0108168h0001, 20he0622012h0001, 22fk0108527s0101 AMED
- 23790503, 26460555, 16H01188, 17H06413, 20 K21874, 22 K18378, 22H02873, 22H00553 JSPS KAKENHI
- Japan, and the Takeda Medical Research Foundation
- JPMJCR17H4 JST CREST
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosakishi, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
- Division of Biomolecular Function, Bioresources Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosakishi, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Simon Goto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosakishi, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Koya Miura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosakishi, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Koki Saito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosakishi, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
- Division of Biomolecular Function, Bioresources Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosakishi, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Eiji Morita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosakishi, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
- Division of Biomolecular Function, Bioresources Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosakishi, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leclerc D, Siroky MD, Miller SM. Next-generation biological vector platforms for in vivo delivery of genome editing agents. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103040. [PMID: 38103518 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-based genome editing holds promise for addressing genetic disease, infectious disease, and cancer and has rapidly advanced from primary research to clinical trials in recent years. However, the lack of safe and potent in vivo delivery methods for CRISPR components has limited most ongoing clinical trials to ex vivo gene therapy. Effective CRISPR in vivo genome editing necessitates an effective vehicle ensuring target cell transduction while minimizing off-target effects, toxicity, and immune reactions. In this review, we examine promising biological-derived platforms to deliver DNA editing agents in vivo and the engineering thereof, encompassing potent viral-based vehicles, flexible protein nanocages, and mammalian-derived particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Leclerc
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael D Siroky
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shannon M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kimura N, Tanaka Y, Yamanishi Y, Takahashi A, Sakuma S. Nanoparticles Based on Natural Lipids Reveal Extent of Impacts of Designed Physical Characteristics on Biological Functions. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1432-1448. [PMID: 38165131 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles based on lipids (LNPs) are essential in pharmaceuticals and intercellular communication, and their design parameters span a diverse range of molecules and assemblies. In bridging the gap in insight between extracellular vesicles (EVs) and synthetic LNPs, one challenge is understanding their in-cell/in-body behavior when simultaneously assessing more than one physical characteristic. Herein, we demonstrate comprehensive evaluation of LNP behavior by using LNPs based on natural lipids (N-LNPs) with designed physical characteristics: size tuned using microfluidic methods, surface fluidity designed based on EV components, and stiffness tuned using biomolecules. We produce 12 types of N-LNPs having different physical characteristics─two sizes, three membrane fluidities, and two stiffnesses for in vitro evaluation─and evaluate cellular uptake vitality and endocytic pathways of N-LNPs based on the physical characteristics of N-LNPs. To reveal the extent of the impact of the predesigned physical characteristics of N-LNPs on cellular uptakes in vivo, we also carried out animal experiments with four types of N-LNPs having different sizes and fluidities. The use of N-LNPs has helped to clarify the extent of the impact of inextricably related, designed physical characteristics on transportation and provided a bidirectional guidepost for the streamlined design and understanding of the biological functions of LNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niko Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanaka
- Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamanishi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akiko Takahashi
- Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
- Cancer Cell Communication Project, NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Sakuma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maeda F, Adachi S, Natsume T. Non-destructive and efficient method for obtaining miRNA information in cells by artificial extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22231. [PMID: 38097629 PMCID: PMC10721859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research has explored the use of microRNA (miRNA) analysis in extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a minimally invasive strategy for the diagnosis and prediction of diseases. This is because miRNAs in EVs partly reflect the miRNA information and cellular status of the origin cells. However, not all intracellular miRNAs are internalized into EVs. Therefore, the miRNA information obtained from EVs is limited. To get more miRNA information, we aimed to produce artificial EVs (aEVs) encapsulating Argonaute 2 (Ago2) miRNA-binding protein, which actively incorporate miRNAs within themselves. In this study, we utilized the protein EPN-01, which is capable of releasing aEVs encapsulating it and associated proteins. This system enables us to obtain more miRNA species and increase each miRNA's yield in the EV fraction. Furthermore, we examined whether miRNAs in the EV fraction using our system reflect the cellular condition. In cells treated with CoCl2, a reagent for inducing a hypoxia-mimic state, we detected a change in the level of hypoxia marker miR-210 with aEVs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a method to increase the yield and variety of endogenous miRNAs in the EV fraction. This approach leads to improved accuracy of cell status assessment using miRNAs in EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Maeda
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-3-26 Aoumi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan.
| | - Shungo Adachi
- Department of Proteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-3-26 Aoumi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Braz Gomes K, Zhang YN, Lee YZ, Eldad M, Lim A, Ward G, Auclair S, He L, Zhu J. Single-Component Multilayered Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles Displaying Extracellular Domains of Matrix Protein 2 as a Pan-influenza A Vaccine. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23545-23567. [PMID: 37988765 PMCID: PMC10722606 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of a cross-protective pan-influenza A vaccine remains a significant challenge. In this study, we designed and evaluated single-component self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SApNPs) presenting the conserved extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) as vaccine candidates against influenza A viruses. The SApNP-based vaccine strategy was first validated for human M2e (hM2e) and then applied to tandem repeats of M2e from human, avian, and swine hosts (M2ex3). Vaccination with M2ex3 displayed on SApNPs demonstrated higher survival rates and less weight loss compared to the soluble M2ex3 antigen against the lethal challenges of H1N1 and H3N2 in mice. M2ex3 I3-01v9a SApNPs formulated with a squalene-based adjuvant were retained in the lymph node follicles over 8 weeks and induced long-lived germinal center reactions. Notably, a single low dose of M2ex3 I3-01v9a SApNP formulated with a potent adjuvant, either a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist or a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, conferred 90% protection against a lethal H1N1 challenge in mice. With the ability to induce robust and durable M2e-specific functional antibody and T cell responses, the M2ex3-presenting I3-01v9a SApNP provides a promising pan-influenza A vaccine candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Braz Gomes
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yi-Nan Zhang
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Mor Eldad
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alexander Lim
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Garrett Ward
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sarah Auclair
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Linling He
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps
Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khmelinskaia A, Bethel NP, Fatehi F, Antanasijevic A, Borst AJ, Lai SH, Wang JYJ, Mallik BB, Miranda MC, Watkins AM, Ogohara C, Caldwell S, Wu M, Heck AJR, Veesler D, Ward AB, Baker D, Twarock R, King NP. Local structural flexibility drives oligomorphism in computationally designed protein assemblies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.562842. [PMID: 37905007 PMCID: PMC10614843 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Many naturally occurring protein assemblies have dynamic structures that allow them to perform specialized functions. For example, clathrin coats adopt a wide variety of architectures to adapt to vesicular cargos of various sizes. Although computational methods for designing novel self-assembling proteins have advanced substantially over the past decade, most existing methods focus on designing static structures with high accuracy. Here we characterize the structures of three distinct computationally designed protein assemblies that each form multiple unanticipated architectures, and identify flexibility in specific regions of the subunits of each assembly as the source of structural diversity. Cryo-EM single-particle reconstructions and native mass spectrometry showed that only two distinct architectures were observed in two of the three cases, while we obtained six cryo-EM reconstructions that likely represent a subset of the architectures present in solution in the third case. Structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the surprising observation of a defined range of architectures, instead of non-specific aggregation, can be explained by constrained flexibility within the building blocks. Our results suggest that deliberate use of structural flexibility as a design principle will allow exploration of previously inaccessible structural and functional space in designed protein assemblies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Asao T, Tobias GC, Lucotti S, Jones DR, Matei I, Lyden D. Extracellular vesicles and particles as mediators of long-range communication in cancer: connecting biological function to clinical applications. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 4:461-485. [PMID: 38707985 PMCID: PMC11067132 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication, participating in numerous physiological and pathological processes. In the context of cancer, EVPs exert local effects, such as increased invasiveness, motility, and reprogramming of tumor stroma, as well as systemic effects, including pre-metastatic niche formation, determining organotropism, promoting metastasis and altering the homeostasis of various organs and systems, such as the liver, muscle, and circulatory system. This review provides an overview of the critical advances in EVP research during the past decade, highlighting the heterogeneity of EVPs, their roles in intercellular communication, cancer progression, and metastasis. Moreover, the clinical potential of systemic EVPs as useful cancer biomarkers and therapeutic agents is explored. Last but not least, the progress in EVP analysis technologies that have facilitated these discoveries is discussed, which may further propel EVP research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko Asao
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 163-8001, Japan
| | - Gabriel Cardial Tobias
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Serena Lucotti
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David R. Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Das A, Rivera-Serrano EE, Yin X, Walker CM, Feng Z, Lemon SM. Cell entry and release of quasi-enveloped human hepatitis viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:573-589. [PMID: 37185947 PMCID: PMC10127183 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hepatitis type A and type E are caused by phylogenetically distinct single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that were once considered to be non-enveloped. However, studies show that both are released nonlytically from hepatocytes as 'quasi-enveloped' virions cloaked in host membranes. These virion types predominate in the blood of infected individuals and mediate virus spread within the liver. They lack virally encoded proteins on their surface and are resistant to neutralizing anti-capsid antibodies induced by infection, yet they efficiently enter cells and initiate new rounds of virus replication. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which specific peptide sequences in the capsids of these quasi-enveloped virions mediate their endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent release from hepatocytes through multivesicular endosomes, what is known about how they enter cells, and the impact of capsid quasi-envelopment on host immunity and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Das
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lentigen Technology, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Efraín E Rivera-Serrano
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | - Xin Yin
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Christopher M Walker
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zongdi Feng
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Stanley M Lemon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Horns F, Martinez JA, Fan C, Haque M, Linton JM, Tobin V, Santat L, Maggiolo AO, Bjorkman PJ, Lois C, Elowitz MB. Engineering RNA export for measurement and manipulation of living cells. Cell 2023; 186:3642-3658.e32. [PMID: 37437570 PMCID: PMC10528933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
A system for programmable export of RNA molecules from living cells would enable both non-destructive monitoring of cell dynamics and engineering of cells capable of delivering executable RNA programs to other cells. We developed genetically encoded cellular RNA exporters, inspired by viruses, that efficiently package and secrete cargo RNA molecules from mammalian cells within protective nanoparticles. Exporting and sequencing RNA barcodes enabled non-destructive monitoring of cell population dynamics with clonal resolution. Further, by incorporating fusogens into the nanoparticles, we demonstrated the delivery, expression, and functional activity of exported mRNA in recipient cells. We term these systems COURIER (controlled output and uptake of RNA for interrogation, expression, and regulation). COURIER enables measurement of cell dynamics and establishes a foundation for hybrid cell and gene therapies based on cell-to-cell delivery of RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Horns
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Joe A Martinez
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Chengcheng Fan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mehernaz Haque
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - James M Linton
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Victoria Tobin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Leah Santat
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ailiena O Maggiolo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Carlos Lois
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michael B Elowitz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kang T, Bleris L. RNA "COURIERs": Enabling synthetic cell-to-cell communication in human cells. Cell 2023; 186:3526-3528. [PMID: 37595562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of molecular couriers to selectively package, export, and recover RNA molecules within human cells is a significant challenge. In this issue of Cell, Horns et al.1 introduce cellular RNA exporters, termed COURIERs, that package, secrete, and protect RNA cargo and establish the foundation for sophisticated cell-to-cell RNA communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taek Kang
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Leonidas Bleris
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mallik BB, Stanislaw J, Alawathurage TM, Khmelinskaia A. De Novo Design of Polyhedral Protein Assemblies: Before and After the AI Revolution. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300117. [PMID: 37014094 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling polyhedral protein biomaterials have gained attention as engineering targets owing to their naturally evolved sophisticated functions, ranging from protecting macromolecules from the environment to spatially controlling biochemical reactions. Precise computational design of de novo protein polyhedra is possible through two main types of approaches: methods from first principles, using physical and geometrical rules, and more recent data-driven methods based on artificial intelligence (AI), including deep learning (DL). Here, we retrospect first principle- and AI-based approaches for designing finite polyhedral protein assemblies, as well as advances in the structure prediction of such assemblies. We further highlight the possible applications of these materials and explore how the presented approaches can be combined to overcome current challenges and to advance the design of functional protein-based biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Basu Mallik
- Transdisciplinary Research Area, "Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions (TRA Matter)", University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jenna Stanislaw
- Transdisciplinary Research Area, "Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions (TRA Matter)", University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tharindu Madhusankha Alawathurage
- Transdisciplinary Research Area, "Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions (TRA Matter)", University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alena Khmelinskaia
- Transdisciplinary Research Area, "Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions (TRA Matter)", University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximillian University, 80539, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
João J, Prazeres DMF. Manufacturing of non-viral protein nanocages for biotechnological and biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1200729. [PMID: 37520292 PMCID: PMC10374429 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1200729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein nanocages are highly ordered nanometer scale architectures, which are typically formed by homo- or hetero-self-assembly of multiple monomers into symmetric structures of different size and shape. The intrinsic characteristics of protein nanocages make them very attractive and promising as a biological nanomaterial. These include, among others, a high surface/volume ratio, multi-functionality, ease to modify or manipulate genetically or chemically, high stability, mono-dispersity, and biocompatibility. Since the beginning of the investigation into protein nanocages, several applications were conceived in a variety of areas such as drug delivery, vaccine development, bioimaging, biomineralization, nanomaterial synthesis and biocatalysis. The ability to generate large amounts of pure and well-folded protein assemblies is one of the keys to transform nanocages into clinically valuable products and move biomedical applications forward. This calls for the development of more efficient biomanufacturing processes and for the setting up of analytical techniques adequate for the quality control and characterization of the biological function and structure of nanocages. This review concisely covers and overviews the progress made since the emergence of protein nanocages as a new, next-generation class of biologics. A brief outline of non-viral protein nanocages is followed by a presentation of their main applications in the areas of bioengineering, biotechnology, and biomedicine. Afterwards, we focus on a description of the current processes used in the manufacturing of protein nanocages with particular emphasis on the most relevant aspects of production and purification. The state-of-the-art on current characterization techniques is then described and future alternative or complementary approaches in development are also discussed. Finally, a critical analysis of the limitations and drawbacks of the current manufacturing strategies is presented, alongside with the identification of the major challenges and bottlenecks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge João
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte Miguel F. Prazeres
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang X, Li A, Xu P, Yu Y, Li S, Hu L, Feng S. Current and prospective strategies for advancing the targeted delivery of CRISPR/Cas system via extracellular vesicles. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:184. [PMID: 37291577 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising platform for gene delivery owing to their natural properties and phenomenal functions, being able to circumvent the significant challenges associated with toxicity, problematic biocompatibility, and immunogenicity of the standard approaches. These features are of particularly interest for targeted delivery of the emerging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems. However, the current efficiency of EV-meditated transport of CRISPR/Cas components remains insufficient due to numerous exogenous and endogenous barriers. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the current status of EV-based CRISPR/Cas delivery systems. In particular, we explored various strategies and methodologies available to potentially improve the loading capacity, safety, stability, targeting, and tracking for EV-based CRISPR/Cas system delivery. Additionally, we hypothesise the future avenues for the development of EV-based delivery systems that could pave the way for novel clinically valuable gene delivery approaches, and may potentially bridge the gap between gene editing technologies and the laboratory/clinical application of gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Huang
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China
| | - Aifang Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China
| | - Yangfan Yu
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China
| | - Shuying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450056, Henan, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Won S, An J, Song H, Im S, You G, Lee S, Koo KI, Hwang CH. Transnasal targeted delivery of therapeutics in central nervous system diseases: a narrative review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1137096. [PMID: 37292158 PMCID: PMC10246499 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1137096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, neurointervention, surgery, medication, and central nervous system (CNS) stimulation are the main treatments used in CNS diseases. These approaches are used to overcome the blood brain barrier (BBB), but they have limitations that necessitate the development of targeted delivery methods. Thus, recent research has focused on spatiotemporally direct and indirect targeted delivery methods because they decrease the effect on nontarget cells, thus minimizing side effects and increasing the patient's quality of life. Methods that enable therapeutics to be directly passed through the BBB to facilitate delivery to target cells include the use of nanomedicine (nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles), and magnetic field-mediated delivery. Nanoparticles are divided into organic, inorganic types depending on their outer shell composition. Extracellular vesicles consist of apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. Magnetic field-mediated delivery methods include magnetic field-mediated passive/actively-assisted navigation, magnetotactic bacteria, magnetic resonance navigation, and magnetic nanobots-in developmental chronological order of when they were developed. Indirect methods increase the BBB permeability, allowing therapeutics to reach the CNS, and include chemical delivery and mechanical delivery (focused ultrasound and LASER therapy). Chemical methods (chemical permeation enhancers) include mannitol, a prevalent BBB permeabilizer, and other chemicals-bradykinin and 1-O-pentylglycerol-to resolve the limitations of mannitol. Focused ultrasound is in either high intensity or low intensity. LASER therapies includes three types: laser interstitial therapy, photodynamic therapy, and photobiomodulation therapy. The combination of direct and indirect methods is not as common as their individual use but represents an area for further research in the field. This review aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, describe the combined use of direct and indirect deliveries, and provide the future prospects of each targeted delivery method. We conclude that the most promising method is the nose-to-CNS delivery of hybrid nanomedicine, multiple combination of organic, inorganic nanoparticles and exosomes, via magnetic resonance navigation following preconditioning treatment with photobiomodulation therapy or focused ultrasound in low intensity as a strategy for differentiating this review from others on targeted CNS delivery; however, additional studies are needed to demonstrate the application of this approach in more complex in vivo pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Won
- College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeon An
- College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwayoung Song
- College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Im
- College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunho You
- College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo-in Koo
- Major of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Hwang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fischbach A, Johns A, Schneider KL, Hao X, Tessarz P, Nyström T. Artificial Hsp104-mediated systems for re-localizing protein aggregates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2663. [PMID: 37160881 PMCID: PMC10169802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial Protein Quality Control (sPQC) sequesters misfolded proteins into specific, organelle-associated inclusions within the cell to control their toxicity. To approach the role of sPQC in cellular fitness, neurodegenerative diseases and aging, we report on the construction of Hsp100-based systems in budding yeast cells, which can artificially target protein aggregates to non-canonical locations. We demonstrate that aggregates of mutant huntingtin (mHtt), the disease-causing agent of Huntington's disease can be artificially targeted to daughter cells as well as to eisosomes and endosomes with this approach. We find that the artificial removal of mHtt inclusions from mother cells protects them from cell death suggesting that even large mHtt inclusions may be cytotoxic, a trait that has been widely debated. In contrast, removing inclusions of endogenous age-associated misfolded proteins does not significantly affect the lifespan of mother cells. We demonstrate also that this approach is able to manipulate mHtt inclusion formation in human cells and has the potential to be useful as an alternative, complementary approach to study the role of sPQC, for example in aging and neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Fischbach
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Angela Johns
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kara L Schneider
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xinxin Hao
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Tessarz
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liang Y, Iqbal Z, Lu J, Wang J, Zhang H, Chen X, Duan L, Xia J. Cell-derived nanovesicle-mediated drug delivery to the brain: Principles and strategies for vesicle engineering. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1207-1224. [PMID: 36245129 PMCID: PMC10188644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing strategies toward safe and effective drug delivery into the central nervous system (CNS) with improved targeting abilities and reduced off-target effects is crucial. CNS-targeted drug carriers made of synthetic molecules raise concerns about their biodegradation, clearance, immune responses, and neurotoxicity. Cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs) have recently been applied in CNS-targeted drug delivery, because of their intrinsic stability, biocompatibility, inherent homing capability, and the ability to penetrate through biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier. Among these CDNs, extracellular vesicles and exosomes are the most studied because their surface can be engineered and modified to cater to brain targeting. In this review, we focus on the application of CDNs in brain-targeted drug delivery to treat neurological diseases. We cover recently developed methods of exosome derivation and engineering, including exosome-like particles, hybrid exosomes, exosome-associated adeno-associated viruses, and envelope protein nanocages. Finally, we discuss the limitations and project the future development of the CDN-based brain-targeted delivery systems, and conclude that engineered CDNs hold great potential in the treatment of neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; EVLiXiR Biotech Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China.
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cable J, Witwer KW, Coffey RJ, Milosavljevic A, von Lersner AK, Jimenez L, Pucci F, Barr MM, Dekker N, Barman B, Humphrys D, Williams J, de Palma M, Guo W, Bastos N, Hill AF, Levy E, Hantak MP, Crewe C, Aikawa E, Adamczyk AM, Zanotto TM, Ostrowski M, Arab T, Rabe DC, Sheikh A, da Silva DR, Jones JC, Okeoma C, Gaborski T, Zhang Q, Gololobova O. Exosomes, microvesicles, and other extracellular vesicles-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1523:24-37. [PMID: 36961472 PMCID: PMC10715677 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, lipid-bilayer-bound particles released by cells that can contain important bioactive molecules, including lipids, RNAs, and proteins. Once released in the extracellular environment, EVs can act as messengers locally as well as to distant tissues to coordinate tissue homeostasis and systemic responses. There is a growing interest in not only understanding the physiology of EVs as signaling particles but also leveraging them as minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers (e.g., they can be found in biofluids) and drug-delivery vehicles. On October 30-November 2, 2022, researchers in the EV field convened for the Keystone symposium "Exosomes, Microvesicles, and Other Extracellular Vesicles" to discuss developing standardized language and methodology, new data on the basic biology of EVs and potential clinical utility, as well as novel technologies to isolate and characterize EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aleksandar Milosavljevic
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center; and Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Lizandra Jimenez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ferdinando Pucci
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Maureen M Barr
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Niek Dekker
- Protein Sciences, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bahnisikha Barman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Justin Williams
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michele de Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL); Agora Cancer Research Center; and Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nuno Bastos
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; IPATIMUP Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology; and ICBAS Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University and Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Efrat Levy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology; and NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Hantak
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Clair Crewe
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tamires M Zanotto
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matias Ostrowski
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tanina Arab
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel C Rabe
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aadil Sheikh
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jennifer C Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology and Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chioma Okeoma
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Gaborski
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Olesia Gololobova
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lutz ID, Wang S, Norn C, Courbet A, Borst AJ, Zhao YT, Dosey A, Cao L, Xu J, Leaf EM, Treichel C, Litvicov P, Li Z, Goodson AD, Rivera-Sánchez P, Bratovianu AM, Baek M, King NP, Ruohola-Baker H, Baker D. Top-down design of protein architectures with reinforcement learning. Science 2023; 380:266-273. [PMID: 37079676 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf6591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
As a result of evolutionary selection, the subunits of naturally occurring protein assemblies often fit together with substantial shape complementarity to generate architectures optimal for function in a manner not achievable by current design approaches. We describe a "top-down" reinforcement learning-based design approach that solves this problem using Monte Carlo tree search to sample protein conformers in the context of an overall architecture and specified functional constraints. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the designed disk-shaped nanopores and ultracompact icosahedra are very close to the computational models. The icosohedra enable very-high-density display of immunogens and signaling molecules, which potentiates vaccine response and angiogenesis induction. Our approach enables the top-down design of complex protein nanomaterials with desired system properties and demonstrates the power of reinforcement learning in protein design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac D Lutz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shunzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christoffer Norn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- BioInnovation Institute, DK2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Alexis Courbet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew J Borst
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yan Ting Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annie Dosey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Longxing Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinwei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Leaf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Treichel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrisia Litvicov
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander D Goodson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Minkyung Baek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang EC, Divine R, Miranda MC, Borst AJ, Sheffler W, Zhang JZ, Decarreau J, Saragovi A, Abedi M, Goldbach N, Ahlrichs M, Dobbins C, Hand A, Cheng S, Lamb M, Levine PM, Chan S, Skotheim R, Fallas J, Ueda G, Lubner J, Somiya M, Khmelinskaia A, King NP, Baker D. Computational design of non-porous, pH-responsive antibody nanoparticles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537263. [PMID: 37131615 PMCID: PMC10153164 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Programming protein nanomaterials to respond to changes in environmental conditions is a current challenge for protein design and important for targeted delivery of biologics. We describe the design of octahedral non-porous nanoparticles with the three symmetry axes (four-fold, three-fold, and two-fold) occupied by three distinct protein homooligomers: a de novo designed tetramer, an antibody of interest, and a designed trimer programmed to disassemble below a tunable pH transition point. The nanoparticles assemble cooperatively from independently purified components, and a cryo-EM density map reveals that the structure is very close to the computational design model. The designed nanoparticles can package a variety of molecular payloads, are endocytosed following antibody-mediated targeting of cell surface receptors, and undergo tunable pH-dependent disassembly at pH values ranging between to 5.9-6.7. To our knowledge, these are the first designed nanoparticles with more than two structural components and with finely tunable environmental sensitivity, and they provide new routes to antibody-directed targeted delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Yang
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological Physics, Structure & Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robby Divine
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marcos C Miranda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Borst
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Will Sheffler
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason Z Zhang
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin Decarreau
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amijai Saragovi
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohamad Abedi
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicolas Goldbach
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maggie Ahlrichs
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Craig Dobbins
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Hand
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suna Cheng
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mila Lamb
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul M Levine
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sidney Chan
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca Skotheim
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jorge Fallas
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George Ueda
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua Lubner
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Masaharu Somiya
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Alena Khmelinskaia
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Transdisciplinary Research Area "Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions (TRA Matter)", University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Neil P King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Baker
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qualls-Histed SJ, Nielsen CP, MacGurn JA. Lysosomal trafficking of the glucose transporter GLUT1 requires sequential regulation by TXNIP and ubiquitin. iScience 2023; 26:106150. [PMID: 36890792 PMCID: PMC9986520 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporters are gatekeepers of cellular glucose metabolism. Understanding how their activity is regulated can provide insight into mechanisms of glucose homeostasis and diseases arising from dysregulation of glucose transport. Glucose stimulates endocytosis of the human glucose transporter GLUT1, but several important questions remain surrounding the intracellular trafficking itinerary of GLUT1. Here, we report that increased glucose availability triggers lysosomal trafficking of GLUT1 in HeLa cells, with a subpopulation of GLUT1 routed through ESCRT-associated late endosomes. This itinerary requires the arrestin-like protein TXNIP, which interacts with both clathrin and E3 ubiquitin ligases to promote GLUT1 lysosomal trafficking. We also find that glucose stimulates GLUT1 ubiquitylation, which promotes its lysosomal trafficking. Our results suggest that excess glucose first triggers TXNIP-mediated endocytosis of GLUT1 and, subsequently, ubiquitylation to promote lysosomal trafficking. Our findings underscore how complex coordination of multiple regulators is required for fine-tuning of GLUT1 stability at the cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J. Qualls-Histed
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240 USA
| | - Casey P. Nielsen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240 USA
| | - Jason A. MacGurn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Progress of Endogenous and Exogenous Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy and Diagnostics. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020259. [PMID: 36833186 PMCID: PMC9957423 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of this brief review is to describe the application of nanoparticles, including endogenous nanoparticles (e.g., extracellular vesicles, EVs, and virus capsids) and exogenous nanoparticles (e.g., organic and inorganic materials) in cancer therapy and diagnostics. In this review, we mainly focused on EVs, where a recent study demonstrated that EVs secreted from cancer cells are associated with malignant alterations in cancer. EVs are expected to be used for cancer diagnostics by analyzing their informative cargo. Exogenous nanoparticles are also used in cancer diagnostics as imaging probes because they can be easily functionalized. Nanoparticles are promising targets for drug delivery system (DDS) development and have recently been actively studied. In this review, we introduce nanoparticles as a powerful tool in the field of cancer therapy and diagnostics and discuss issues and future prospects.
Collapse
|
27
|
De Sousa KP, Rossi I, Abdullahi M, Ramirez MI, Stratton D, Inal JM. Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and future directions in diagnosis and therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1835. [PMID: 35898167 PMCID: PMC10078256 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique and heterogeneous class of lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted by most cells. EVs are regarded as important mediators of intercellular communication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to recipient cells. In addition to their physiological role, EVs are recognized as modulators in pathological processes such as cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, providing new potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. For a complete understanding of EVs as a universal cellular biological system and its translational applications, optimal techniques for their isolation and characterization are required. Here, we review recent progress in those techniques, from isolation methods to characterization techniques. With interest in therapeutic applications of EVs growing, we address fundamental points of EV-related cell biology, such as cellular uptake mechanisms and their biodistribution in tissues as well as challenges to their application as drug carriers or biomarkers for less invasive diagnosis or as immunogens. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina P De Sousa
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Izadora Rossi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.,Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mahamed Abdullahi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Dan Stratton
- Open University, The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Jameel Malhador Inal
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK.,School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kang W, Ma X, Kakarla D, Zhang H, Fang Y, Chen B, Zhu K, Zheng D, Wu Z, Li B, Xue C. Organizing Enzymes on Self-Assembled Protein Cages for Cascade Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214001. [PMID: 36288455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cells use self-assembled biomaterials such as lipid membranes or proteinaceous shells to coordinate thousands of reactions that simultaneously take place within crowded spaces. However, mimicking such spatial organization for synthetic applications in engineered systems remains a challenge, resulting in inferior catalytic efficiency. In this work, we show that protein cages as an ideal scaffold to organize enzymes to enhance cascade reactions both in vitro and in living cells. We demonstrate that not only enzyme-enzyme distance but also the improved Km value contribute to the enhanced reaction rate of cascade reactions. Three sequential enzymes for lycopene biosynthesis have been co-localized on the exterior of the engineered protein cages in Escherichia coli, leading to an 8.5-fold increase of lycopene production by streamlining metabolic flux towards its biosynthesis. This versatile system offers a powerful tool to achieve enzyme spatial organization for broad applications in biocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, 315016, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Deepika Kakarla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, GA 0060, Marietta, USA
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yunming Fang
- National Energy Research Centre for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baizhu Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, SUN YAT-SEN University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Kongfu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Danni Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, 315016, China
| | - Zhiyue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, GA 0060, Marietta, USA
| | - Chuang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, 315016, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Improved interface packing and design opportunities revealed by CryoEM analysis of a designed protein nanocage. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12280. [PMID: 36590526 PMCID: PMC9801105 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Symmetric protein assemblies play important roles in nature which makes them an attractive target for engineering. De novo symmetric protein complexes can be created through computational protein design to tailor their properties from first principles, and recently several protein nanocages have been created by bringing together protein components through hydrophobic interactions. Accurate experimental structures of newly-developed proteins are essential to validate their design, improve assembly stability, and tailor downstream applications. We describe the CryoEM structure of the nanocage I3-01, at an overall resolution of 3.5 Å. I3-01, comprising 60 aldolase subunits arranged with icosahedral symmetry, has resisted high-resolution characterization. Some key differences between the refined structure and the original design are identified, such as improved packing of hydrophobic sidechains, providing insight to the resistance of I3-01 to high-resolution averaging. Based on our analysis, we suggest factors important in the design and structural processing of new assemblies.
Collapse
|
30
|
Shirasaki T, González-López O, McKnight KL, Xie L, Shiota T, Chen X, Feng H, Lemon SM. Nonlytic Quasi-Enveloped Hepatovirus Release Is Facilitated by pX Protein Interaction with the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ITCH. J Virol 2022; 96:e0119522. [PMID: 36286484 PMCID: PMC9645215 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01195-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoviruses are atypical hepatotropic picornaviruses that are released from infected cells without lysis in small membranous vesicles. These exosome-like, quasi-enveloped virions (eHAV) are infectious and the only form of hepatitis A virus (HAV) found circulating in blood during acute infection. eHAV is released through multivesicular endosomes in a process dependent on endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT). Capsid protein interactions with the ESCRT-associated Bro1 domain proteins, ALG-2-interacting protein X (ALIX) and His domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP), which are both recruited to the pX domain of 1D (VP1pX), are critical for this process. Previous proteomics studies suggest pX also binds the HECT domain, NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin ligase, ITCH. Here, we confirm this interaction and show ITCH binds directly to the carboxy-terminal half of pX from both human and bat hepatoviruses independently of ALIX. A small chemical compound (compound 5) designed to disrupt interactions between WW domains of NEDD4 ligases and substrate molecules blocked ITCH binding to pX and demonstrated substantial antiviral activity against HAV. CRISPR deletion or small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of ITCH expression inhibited the release of a self-assembling nanocage protein fused to pX and also impaired the release of eHAV from infected cells. The release could be rescued by overexpression of wild-type ITCH, but not a catalytically inactive ITCH mutant. Despite this, we found no evidence that ITCH ubiquitylates pX or that eHAV release is strongly dependent upon Lys residues in pX. These data indicate ITCH plays an important role in the ESCRT-dependent release of quasi-enveloped hepatovirus, although the substrate molecule targeted for ubiquitylation remains to be determined. IMPORTANCE Mechanisms underlying the cellular release of quasi-enveloped hepatoviruses are only partially understood, yet play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of this common agent of viral hepatitis. Multiple NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin ligases, including ITCH, have been reported to promote the budding of conventional enveloped viruses but are not known to function in the release of HAV or other picornaviruses from infected cells. Here, we show that the unique C-terminal pX extension of the VP1 capsid protein of HAV interacts directly with ITCH and that ITCH promotes eHAV release in a manner analogous to its role in budding of some conventional enveloped viruses. The catalytic activity of ITCH is required for efficient eHAV release and may potentially function to ubiquitylate the viral capsid or activate ESCRT components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olga González-López
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin L. McKnight
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ling Xie
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Shiota
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xian Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stanley M. Lemon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The updated role of exosomal proteins in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1390-1400. [PMID: 36138197 PMCID: PMC9535014 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are vesicles encompassed by a lipid bilayer that are released by various living cells. Exosomal proteins are encapsulated within the membrane or embedded on the surface. As an important type of exosome cargo, exosomal proteins can reflect the physiological status of the parent cell and play an essential role in cell-cell communication. Exosomal proteins can regulate tumor development, including tumor-related immune regulation, microenvironment reconstruction, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, etc. The features of exosomal proteins can provide insight into exosome generation, targeting, and biological function and are potential sources of markers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Here, we summarize the effects of exosomal proteins on cancer biology, the latest progress in the application of exosomal proteins in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and the potential contribution of exosomal proteins in cancer therapeutics and vaccines.
Collapse
|
32
|
Masoomi Nomandan SZ, Azimzadeh Irani M, Hosseini SM. In silico design of refined ferritin-SARS-CoV-2 glyco-RBD nanoparticle vaccine. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:976490. [PMID: 36148012 PMCID: PMC9486171 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.976490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With the onset of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, all attention was drawn to finding solutions to cure the coronavirus disease. Among all vaccination strategies, the nanoparticle vaccine has been shown to stimulate the immune system and provide optimal immunity to the virus in a single dose. Ferritin is a reliable self-assembled nanoparticle platform for vaccine production that has already been used in experimental studies. Furthermore, glycosylation plays a crucial role in the design of antibodies and vaccines and is an essential element in developing effective subunit vaccines. In this computational study, ferritin nanoparticles and glycosylation, which are two unique facets of vaccine design, were used to model improved nanoparticle vaccines for the first time. In this regard, molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out to construct three atomistic models of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor binding domain (RBD)-ferritin nanoparticle vaccine, including unglycosylated, glycosylated, and modified with additional O-glycans at the ferritin–RBD interface. It was shown that the ferritin–RBD complex becomes more stable when glycans are added to the ferritin–RBD interface and optimal performance of this nanoparticle can be achieved. If validated experimentally, these findings could improve the design of nanoparticles against all microbial infections.
Collapse
|
33
|
Li L, Chen G. Precise Assembly of Proteins and Carbohydrates for Next-Generation Biomaterials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16232-16251. [PMID: 36044681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complexity and diversity of biomacromolecules make them a unique class of building blocks for generating precise assemblies. They are particularly available to a new generation of biomaterials integrated with living systems due to their intrinsic properties such as accurate recognition, self-organization, and adaptability. Therefore, many excellent approaches have been developed, leading to a variety of quite practical outcomes. Here, we review recent advances in the fabrication and application of artificially precise assemblies by employing proteins and carbohydrates as building blocks, followed by our perspectives on some of new challenges, goals, and opportunities for the future research directions in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Multiscale Research Institute for Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fordjour FK, Guo C, Ai Y, Daaboul GG, Gould SJ. A shared, stochastic pathway mediates exosome protein budding along plasma and endosome membranes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102394. [PMID: 35988652 PMCID: PMC9512851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles of ∼30 to 150 nm that are secreted by all cells, abundant in all biofluids, and play important roles in health and disease. However, details about the mechanism of exosome biogenesis are unclear. Here, we carried out a cargo-based analysis of exosome cargo protein biogenesis in which we identified the most highly enriched exosomal cargo proteins and then followed their biogenesis, trafficking, and exosomal secretion to test different hypotheses for how cells make exosomes. We show that exosome cargo proteins bud from cells (i) in exosome-sized vesicles regardless of whether they are localized to plasma or endosome membranes, (ii) ∼5-fold more efficiently when localized to the plasma membrane, (iii) ∼5-fold less efficiently when targeted to the endosome membrane, (iv) by a stochastic process that leads to ∼100-fold differences in their abundance from one exosome to another, and (v) independently of small GTPase Rab27a, the ESCRT complex–associated protein Alix, or the cargo protein CD63. Taken together, our results demonstrate that cells use a shared, stochastic mechanism to bud exosome cargoes along the spectrum of plasma and endosome membranes and far more efficiently from the plasma membrane than the endosome. Our observations also indicate that the pronounced variation in content between different exosome-sized vesicles is an inevitable consequence of a stochastic mechanism of small vesicle biogenesis, that the origin membrane of exosome-sized extracellular vesicles simply cannot be determined, and that most of what we currently know about exosomes has likely come from studies of plasma membrane-derived vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis K Fordjour
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yiwei Ai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shirasaki T, Feng H, Duyvesteyn HME, Fusco WG, McKnight KL, Xie L, Boyce M, Kumar S, Barouch-Bentov R, González-López O, McNamara R, Wang L, Hertel-Wulff A, Chen X, Einav S, Duncan JA, Kapustina M, Fry EE, Stuart DI, Lemon SM. Nonlytic cellular release of hepatitis A virus requires dual capsid recruitment of the ESCRT-associated Bro1 domain proteins HD-PTP and ALIX. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010543. [PMID: 35969644 PMCID: PMC9410543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Although picornaviruses are conventionally considered 'nonenveloped', members of multiple picornaviral genera are released nonlytically from infected cells in extracellular vesicles. The mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Here, we describe interactions of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) capsid with components of host endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) that play an essential role in release. We show release of quasi-enveloped virus (eHAV) in exosome-like vesicles requires a conserved export signal located within the 8 kDa C-terminal VP1 pX extension that functions in a manner analogous to late domains of canonical enveloped viruses. Fusing pX to a self-assembling engineered protein nanocage (EPN-pX) resulted in its ESCRT-dependent release in extracellular vesicles. Mutational analysis identified a 24 amino acid peptide sequence located within the center of pX that was both necessary and sufficient for nanocage release. Deleting a YxxL motif within this sequence ablated eHAV release, resulting in virus accumulating intracellularly. The pX export signal is conserved in non-human hepatoviruses from a wide range of mammalian species, and functional in pX sequences from bat hepatoviruses when fused to the nanocage protein, suggesting these viruses are released as quasi-enveloped virions. Quantitative proteomics identified multiple ESCRT-related proteins associating with EPN-pX, including ALG2-interacting protein X (ALIX), and its paralog, tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 23 (HD-PTP), a second Bro1 domain protein linked to sorting of ubiquitylated cargo into multivesicular endosomes. RNAi-mediated depletion of either Bro1 domain protein impeded eHAV release. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy demonstrated colocalization of viral capsids with endogenous ALIX and HD-PTP. Co-immunoprecipitation assays using biotin-tagged peptides and recombinant proteins revealed pX interacts directly through the export signal with N-terminal Bro1 domains of both HD-PTP and ALIX. Our study identifies an exceptionally potent viral export signal mediating extracellular release of virus-sized protein assemblies and shows release requires non-redundant activities of both HD-PTP and ALIX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hui Feng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Helen M. E. Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - William G. Fusco
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. McKnight
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ling Xie
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark Boyce
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rina Barouch-Bentov
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Olga González-López
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ryan McNamara
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Li Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adriana Hertel-Wulff
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xian Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shirit Einav
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Chan-Zuckerberg BioHub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Duncan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maryna Kapustina
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth E. Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley M. Lemon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang X, Zhao X, Zhong Y, Shen J, An W. Biomimetic Exosomes: A New Generation of Drug Delivery System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:865682. [PMID: 35677298 PMCID: PMC9168598 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.865682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the naked drugs, including small molecules, inorganic agents, and biomacromolecule agents, cannot be used directly for disease treatment because of their poor stability and undesirable pharmacokinetic behavior. Their shortcomings might seriously affect the exertion of their therapeutic effects. Recently, a variety of exogenous and endogenous nanomaterials have been developed as carriers for drug delivery. Among them, exosomes have attracted great attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity, and ability to overcome biological barriers. However, exosomes used as drug delivery carriers have significant challenges, such as low yields, complex contents, and poor homogeneity, which limit their application. Engineered exosomes or biomimetic exosomes have been fabricated through a variety of approaches to tackle these drawbacks. We summarized recent advances in biomimetic exosomes over the past decades and addressed the opportunities and challenges of the next-generation drug delivery system.
Collapse
|
37
|
Somiya M, Kuroda S. Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles for Small Molecule-Regulated Cargo Loading and Cytoplasmic Delivery of Bioactive Proteins. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2495-2505. [PMID: 35594496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic delivery of functional proteins into target cells remains challenging for many biological agents to exert their therapeutic effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are expected to be a promising platform for protein delivery; however, efficient loading of proteins of interest (POIs) into EVs remains elusive. In this study, we utilized small compound-induced heterodimerization between FK506 binding protein (FKBP) and FKBP12-rapamycin-binding (FRB) domain to sort bioactive proteins into EVs using the FRB-FKBP system. When CD81, a typical EV marker protein, and POI were fused with FKBP and FRB, respectively, rapamycin induced the binding of these proteins through the FKBP-FRB interaction and recruited the POIs into EVs. The released EVs, displaying the virus-derived membrane fusion protein, delivered the POI cargo into recipient cells and their functionality in the recipient cells was confirmed. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CD81 could be replaced with other EV-enriched proteins, such as CD63 or HIV Gag. Thus, the FRB-FKBP system enables the delivery of functional proteins and paves the way for EV-based protein delivery platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Somiya
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Banjade S, Zhu L, Jorgensen JR, Suzuki SW, Emr SD. Recruitment and organization of ESCRT-0 and ubiquitinated cargo via condensation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5149. [PMID: 35363519 PMCID: PMC10938570 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The general mechanisms by which ESCRTs (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) are specifically recruited to various membranes, and how ESCRT subunits are spatially organized remain central questions in cell biology. At the endosome and lysosomes, ubiquitination of membrane proteins triggers ESCRT-mediated substrate recognition and degradation. Using the yeast lysosome/vacuole, we define the principles by which substrate engagement by ESCRTs occurs at this organelle. We find that multivalent interactions between ESCRT-0 and polyubiquitin are critical for substrate recognition at yeast vacuoles, with a lower-valency requirement for cargo engagement at endosomes. Direct recruitment of ESCRT-0 induces dynamic foci on the vacuole membrane and forms fluid condensates in vitro with polyubiquitin. We propose that self-assembly of early ESCRTs induces condensation, an initial step in ESCRT assembly/nucleation at membranes. This property can be tuned specifically at various organelles by modulating the number of binding interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Banjade
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lu Zhu
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Jorgensen
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sho W. Suzuki
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Scott D. Emr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang BZ, Luo L, Vunjak-Novakovic G. RNA and Protein Delivery by Cell-Secreted and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101557. [PMID: 34706168 PMCID: PMC8891029 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are carriers of biological signals through export and delivery of RNAs and proteins. Of increasing interest is the use of EVs as a platform for delivery of biomolecules. Preclinical studies have effectively used EVs to treat a number of diseases. Uniquely, endogenous machinery within cells can be manipulated in order to produce desirable loading of cargo within secreted EVs. In order to inform the development of such approaches, an understanding of the cellular mechanisms by which cargo is sorted to EVs is required. Here, the current knowledge of cargo sorting within EVs is reviewed. Here is given an overview of recent bioengineering approaches that leverage these advances. Methods of externally manipulating EV cargo are also discussed. Finally, a perspective on the current challenges of EVs as a drug delivery platform is offered. It is proposed that standardized bioengineering methods for therapeutic EV preparation will be required to create a well-defined clinical product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Z. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
| | - Lori Luo
- Department of Medicine, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, 622 West 168th Street VC12-234, 10032, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cao M, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wu J, Liu Z, Sun L, Wang D, Yue T, Han Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang M. Peptide Self-assembly into stable Capsid-Like nanospheres and Co-assembly with DNA to produce smart artificial viruses. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 615:395-407. [PMID: 35150952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Smart artificial viruses have been successfully developed by co-assembly of de novo designed peptides with DNA, which achieved stimuli-responsibility and efficient gene transfection in cancer cells. The peptides were designed to incorporate several functional segments, including a hydrophobic aromatic segment to drive self-assembly, two or more cysteines to regulate the assemblage shape and stabilize the assembled nanostructures via forming disulfide bonds, several lysines to facilitate co-assembly with DNA and binding to cell membranes, and an enzyme-cleavable segment to introduce cancer sensitivity. The rationally designed peptides self-assembled into stable nanospheres with a uniform diameter of < 10 nm, which worked as capsid-like subunits to further interact with DNA to produce hierarchical virus-mimicking structures by encapsulating DNA in the interior. Such artificial viruses can effectively protect DNA from nuclease digestion and achieve efficient genome release by enzyme-triggered structure disassembly, which ensured a high level of gene transfection in tumor cells. The system emulates very well the structural and functional properties of natural viruses from the aspects of capsid formation, genome package and gene transfection, which is highly promising for application as efficient gene vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiwen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Zijin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yuchun Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 South Taoyuan Road, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhu J, Avakyan N, Kakkis AA, Hoffnagle AM, Han K, Li Y, Zhang Z, Choi TS, Na Y, Yu CJ, Tezcan FA. Protein Assembly by Design. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13701-13796. [PMID: 34405992 PMCID: PMC9148388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are nature's primary building blocks for the construction of sophisticated molecular machines and dynamic materials, ranging from protein complexes such as photosystem II and nitrogenase that drive biogeochemical cycles to cytoskeletal assemblies and muscle fibers for motion. Such natural systems have inspired extensive efforts in the rational design of artificial protein assemblies in the last two decades. As molecular building blocks, proteins are highly complex, in terms of both their three-dimensional structures and chemical compositions. To enable control over the self-assembly of such complex molecules, scientists have devised many creative strategies by combining tools and principles of experimental and computational biophysics, supramolecular chemistry, inorganic chemistry, materials science, and polymer chemistry, among others. Owing to these innovative strategies, what started as a purely structure-building exercise two decades ago has, in short order, led to artificial protein assemblies with unprecedented structures and functions and protein-based materials with unusual properties. Our goal in this review is to give an overview of this exciting and highly interdisciplinary area of research, first outlining the design strategies and tools that have been devised for controlling protein self-assembly, then describing the diverse structures of artificial protein assemblies, and finally highlighting the emergent properties and functions of these assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albert A. Kakkis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Alexander M. Hoffnagle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Kenneth Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Yiying Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Zhiyin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Tae Su Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Youjeong Na
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Chung-Jui Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - F. Akif Tezcan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Somiya M, Kuroda S. Reporter gene assay for membrane fusion of extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12171. [PMID: 34807503 PMCID: PMC8607979 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by living cells are expected to deliver biological cargo molecules, including RNA and proteins, to the cytoplasm of recipient cells. There is an increasing need to understand the mechanism of intercellular cargo delivery by EVs. However, the lack of a feasible bioassay has hampered our understanding of the biological processes of EV uptake, membrane fusion, and cargo delivery to recipient cells. Here, we describe a reporter gene assay that can measure the membrane fusion efficiency of EVs during cargo delivery to recipient cells. When EVs containing tetracycline transactivator (tTA)-fused tetraspanins are internalized by recipient cells and fuse with cell membranes, the tTA domain is exposed to the cytoplasm and cleaved by tobacco etch virus protease to induce tetracycline responsive element (TRE)-mediated reporter gene expression in recipient cells. This assay (designated as EV-mediated tetraspanin-tTA delivery assay, ETTD assay), enabled us to assess the cytoplasmic cargo delivery efficiency of EVs in recipient cells. With the help of a vesicular stomatitis virus-derived membrane fusion protein, the ETTD assay could detect significant enhancement of cargo delivery efficiency of EVs. Furthermore, the ETTD assay could evaluate the effect of potential cargo delivery enhancers/inhibitors. Thus, the ETTD assay may contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of the cytoplasmic cargo delivery by EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Somiya
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee SO, Xie Q, Fried SD. Optimized Loopable Translation as a Platform for the Synthesis of Repetitive Proteins. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1736-1750. [PMID: 34729417 PMCID: PMC8554844 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The expression of long proteins with repetitive amino acid sequences often presents a challenge in recombinant systems. To overcome this obstacle, we report a genetic construct that circularizes mRNA in vivo by rearranging the topology of a group I self-splicing intron from T4 bacteriophage, thereby enabling "loopable" translation. Using a fluorescence-based assay to probe the translational efficiency of circularized mRNAs, we identify several conditions that optimize protein expression from this system. Our data suggested that translation of circularized mRNAs could be limited primarily by the rate of ribosomal initiation; therefore, using a modified error-prone PCR method, we generated a library that concentrated mutations into the initiation region of circularized mRNA and discovered mutants that generated markedly higher expression levels. Combining our rational improvements with those discovered through directed evolution, we report a loopable translator that achieves protein expression levels within 1.5-fold of the levels of standard vectorial translation. In summary, our work demonstrates loopable translation as a promising platform for the creation of large peptide chains, with potential utility in the development of novel protein materials.
Collapse
|
44
|
Naskalska A, Borzęcka-Solarz K, Różycki J, Stupka I, Bochenek M, Pyza E, Heddle JG. Artificial Protein Cage Delivers Active Protein Cargos to the Cell Interior. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4146-4154. [PMID: 34499838 PMCID: PMC8512669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Artificial protein
cages have potential as programmable, protective
carriers of fragile macromolecules to cells. While natural cages and
VLPs have been extensively exploited, the use of artificial cages
to deliver active proteins to cells has not yet been shown. TRAP-cage
is an artificial protein cage with an unusual geometry and extremely
high stability, which can be triggered to break apart in the presence
of cellular reducing agents. Here, we demonstrate that TRAP-cage can
be filled with a protein cargo and decorated with a cell-penetrating
peptide, allowing it to enter cells. Tracking of both the TRAP-cage
and the cargo shows that the protein of interest can be successfully
delivered intracellularly in the active form. These results provide
a valuable proof of concept for the further development of TRAP-cage
as a delivery platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Naskalska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Jan Różycki
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Izabela Stupka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Bochenek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pyza
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jonathan G Heddle
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Do PT, Wu CC, Chiang YH, Hu CJ, Chen KY. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Therapy in Blood-Brain Barrier Preservation Following Ischemia: Molecular Mechanisms and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810045. [PMID: 34576209 PMCID: PMC8468469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a prominent pathophysiological mechanism, responsible for a series of subsequent inflammatory cascades that exacerbate the damage to brain tissue. However, the benefit of recanalization is limited in most patients because of the narrow therapeutic time window. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been assessed as excellent candidates for cell-based therapy in cerebral ischemia, including neuroinflammatory alleviation, angiogenesis and neurogenesis promotion through their paracrine actions. In addition, accumulating evidence on how MSC therapy preserves BBB integrity after stroke may open up novel therapeutic targets for treating cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of MSC-based therapy in the ischemia-induced prevention of BBB compromise. Currently, therapeutic effects of MSCs for stroke are primarily based on the fundamental pathogenesis of BBB breakdown, such as attenuating leukocyte infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) regulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, stabilizing morphology and crosstalk between cellular components of the BBB. We also discuss prospective studies to improve the effectiveness of MSC therapy through enhanced migration into defined brain regions of stem cells. Targeted therapy is a promising new direction and is being prioritized for extensive research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Do
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chung-Che Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.H.); (K.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (ext. 3032) (C.-J.H.); +886-227361661 (ext. 7602) (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.H.); (K.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (ext. 3032) (C.-J.H.); +886-227361661 (ext. 7602) (K.-Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
[Microfluidic strategies for separation and analysis of circulating exosomes]. Se Pu 2021; 39:968-980. [PMID: 34486836 PMCID: PMC9404160 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.07005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
外泌体是一类由细胞分泌的含有脂质、蛋白、核酸等多种物质的纳米级囊泡,主要参与细胞间的物质交换及信息传导,与多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。对外泌体进行深入研究,理解其生物学功能,对疾病诊断与治疗具有重要意义。由于外泌体尺寸较小且密度和体液接近,想要对复杂生物样本中的外泌体进行分离与分析十分困难。传统的外泌体分离方法如超速离心、超滤等大都需要借助大型仪器设备,且耗时长、操作复杂。因此迫切需要开发高效、便捷的外泌体分离检测手段。微流控技术因其微型化、高通量、可集成等特点,为外泌体的分离分析提供了一个新的平台。该文主要对近年来微流控技术在外泌体分离分析相关领域的研究进展进行了综述。重点从外泌体物理特性和生化特性两个角度出发,介绍了微流控芯片技术用于外泌体分离领域的主要原理、策略和方法。此外,还介绍了微流控技术与荧光、电化学传感、表面等离子体共振等多模态检测方法结合,实现外泌体一体化分析的新进展。最后,该文分析了目前微流控技术用于外泌体分离检测存在的挑战,并对其发展趋势和前景进行了展望。随着微流控外泌体分离分析装置的不断微型化、集成化、自动化,微流控芯片技术将在外泌体分离、生化检测、机制研究等方面将发挥越来越重要的作用。
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao Y, Li X, Zhang W, Yu L, Wang Y, Deng Z, Liu M, Mo S, Wang R, Zhao J, Liu S, Hao Y, Wang X, Ji T, Zhang L, Wang C. Trends in the biological functions and medical applications of extracellular vesicles and analogues. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2114-2135. [PMID: 34522580 PMCID: PMC8424226 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in many life processes such as in the intermolecular transfer of substances and genetic information exchanges. Investigating the origins and working mechanisms of natural EVs may provide an understanding of life activities, especially regarding the occurrence and development of diseases. Additionally, due to their vesicular structure, EVs (in small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, etc.) could act as efficient drug-delivery carriers. Herein, we describe the sources and biological functions of various EVs, summarize the roles of EVs in disease diagnosis and treatment, and review the application of EVs as drug-delivery carriers. We also assess the challenges and perspectives of EVs in biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shanshan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Yun Hao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Tianjiao Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 10 69156463.
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 10 69156463.
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 10 69156463.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Coyne AN, Rothstein JD. The ESCRT-III protein VPS4, but not CHMP4B or CHMP2B, is pathologically increased in familial and sporadic ALS neuronal nuclei. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:127. [PMID: 34281622 PMCID: PMC8287756 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complex injury has recently emerged as an early and significant contributor to familial and sporadic ALS disease pathogenesis. However, the molecular events leading to this pathological phenomenon characterized by the reduction of specific nucleoporins from neuronal nuclear pore complexes remain largely unknown. This is due in part to a lack of knowledge regarding the biological pathways and proteins underlying nuclear pore complex homeostasis specifically in human neurons. We have recently uncovered that aberrant nuclear accumulation of the ESCRT-III protein CHMP7 initiates nuclear pore complex in familial and sporadic ALS neurons. In yeast and non-neuronal mammalian cells, nuclear relocalization of CHMP7 has been shown to recruit the ESCRT-III proteins CHMP4B, CHMP2B, and VPS4 to facilitate nuclear pore complex and nuclear envelope repair and homeostasis. Here, using super resolution structured illumination microscopy, we find that neither CHMP4B nor CHMP2B are increased in ALS neuronal nuclei. In contrast, VPS4 expression is significantly increased in ALS neuronal nuclei prior to the emergence of nuclear pore injury in a CHMP7 dependent manner. However, unlike our prior CHMP7 knockdown studies, impaired VPS4 function does not mitigate alterations to the NPC and the integral transmembrane nucleoporin POM121. Collectively our data suggest that while alterations in VPS4 subcellular localization appear to be coincident with nuclear pore complex injury, therapeutic efforts to mitigate this pathogenic cascade should be targeted towards upstream events such as the nuclear accumulation of CHMP7 as we have previously described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N. Coyne
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Rothstein
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ovchinnikova LA, Filimonova IN, Zakharova MY, Balabashin DS, Aliev TK, Lomakin YA, Gabibov AG. Targeting Extracellular Vesicles to Dendritic Cells and Macrophages. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:114-121. [PMID: 34707904 PMCID: PMC8526189 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting protein therapeutics to specific cells and tissues is a major challenge in modern medicine. Improving the specificity of protein therapeutic delivery will significantly enhance efficiency in drug development. One of the promising tools for protein delivery is extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are enveloped by a complex lipid bilayer. EVs are secreted by almost all cell types and possess significant advantages: biocompatibility, stability, and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Overexpression of the vesicular stomatitis virus protein G (VSV-G) was shown to promote EV formation by the producer cell. We have developed an EV-based system for targeted delivery of protein cargoes to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In this study, we show that attachment of a recombinant llama nanobody α-CD206 to the N-terminus of a truncated VSV-G increases the selectivity of EV cargo delivery mainly to APCs. These results highlight the outstanding technological and biomedical potential of EV-based delivery systems for correcting the immune response in patients with autoimmune, viral, and oncological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Ovchinnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - I. N. Filimonova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - M. Y. Zakharova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow,117997 Russia
| | - D. S. Balabashin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - T. K. Aliev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow,119991 Russia
| | - Y. A. Lomakin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow,119991 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hoffmann MA, Kieffer C, Bjorkman PJ. In vitro characterization of engineered red blood cells as viral traps against HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 21:161-170. [PMID: 33723514 PMCID: PMC7944778 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineered red blood cells (RBCs) expressing viral receptors could be used therapeutically as viral traps, as RBCs lack nuclei and other organelles required for viral replication. However, expression of viral receptors on RBCs is difficult to achieve since mature erythrocytes lack the cellular machinery to synthesize proteins. Herein, we show that the combination of a powerful erythroid-specific expression system and transgene codon optimization yields high expression levels of the HIV-1 receptors CD4 and CCR5, as well as a CD4-glycophorin A (CD4-GpA) fusion protein in erythroid progenitor cells, which efficiently differentiated into enucleated RBCs. HIV-1 efficiently entered RBCs that co-expressed CD4 and CCR5, but viral entry was not required for neutralization, as CD4 or CD4-GpA expression in the absence of CCR5 was sufficient to potently neutralize HIV-1 and prevent infection of CD4+ T cells in vitro due to the formation of high-avidity interactions with trimeric HIV-1 Env spikes on virions. To facilitate continuous large-scale production of RBC viral traps, we generated erythroblast cell lines stably expressing CD4-GpA or ACE2-GpA fusion proteins, which produced potent RBC viral traps against HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Our in vitro results suggest that this approach warrants further investigation as a potential treatment against acute and chronic viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus A.G. Hoffmann
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Collin Kieffer
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Pamela J. Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|