1
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Fouda AEA, Southworth SH, Ho PJ. Quantum Molecular Charge-Transfer Model for Multistep Auger-Meitner Decay Cascade Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 39393809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
The fragmentation of molecular cations following inner-shell decay processes in molecules containing heavy elements underpins the X-ray damage effects observed in X-ray scattering measurements of biological and chemical materials, as well as in medical applications involving Auger electron-emitting radionuclides. Traditionally, these processes are modeled using simulations that describe the electronic structure at an atomic level, thereby omitting molecular bonding effects. This work addresses the gap by introducing a novel approach that couples Auger-Meitner decay to nuclear dynamics across multiple decay steps, by developing a decay spawning dynamics algorithm and applying it to potential energy surfaces characterized with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We showcase the approach on a model decay cascade following K-shell ionization of IBr and subsequent Kβ fluorescence decay. We examine two competing channels that undergo two decay steps, resulting in ion pairs with a total 3+ charge state. This approach provides a continuous description of the electron transfer dynamics occurring during the multistep decay cascade and molecular fragmentation, revealing the combined inner-shell decay and charge transfer time scale to be approximately 75 fs. Our computed kinetic energies of ion fragments show good agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E A Fouda
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Stephen H Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Phay J Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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2
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Gao C, Li Y, Jin F, Zeng J, Yuan J. Transmissions of an x-ray free electron laser pulse through Al: Influence of nonequilibrium electron kinetics. Phys Rev E 2024; 110:015201. [PMID: 39160986 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.015201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
A theoretical model for investigating the radiative transfer of an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulse is developed based on a one-dimensional radiative transfer equation. The population dynamics of energy levels is obtained by rate equation approximation coupling with the Fokker-Planck equation, in which the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is self-consistently determined. As an illustrative example, XFEL pulse propagation through a solid-density aluminum (Al) is investigated. The characteristics of the temporal evolution of the x-ray pulse shape, level population, and EEDF are demonstrated. The EEDF usually has two parts in XFEL-Al interactions: the near equilibrium part in the lower energy regions and the nonequilibrium part in the higher energy region. The deep gap between the two parts is quickly filled in the solid-density Al plasma. The pulse shape is distorted and the duration shortens as the x-ray pulse propagates through the Al sample. The x-ray transmission spectra were compared with experimental and other theoretical results, and good agreement was found. There are slight discrepancies between the transmission obtained by solving the Fokker-Planck equation and Maxwellian assumptions because nonequilibrium electrons in the higher energy region account for only a small fraction of the total electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongjun Li
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zhang P, Trester J, Ueda K, Han M, Balčiūnas T, Wörner HJ. Time-Resolved Multielectron Coincidence Spectroscopy of Double Auger-Meitner Decay Following Xe 4d Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:083201. [PMID: 38457733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.083201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
We introduce time-resolved multielectron coincidence spectroscopy and apply it to the double Auger-Meitner (AM) emission process following xenon 4d photoionization. The photoelectron and AM electron(s) are measured in coincidence by using a magnetic-bottle time-of-flight spectrometer, enabling an unambiguous assignment of the complete cascade pathways involving two AM electron emissions. In the presence of a near-infrared (NIR) laser pulse, the intermediate Xe^{2+*} state embedded in the Xe^{3+} continuum is probed through single NIR photon absorption and the lifetime of this intermediate Xe^{2+*} state is directly obtained as (109±22) fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Zhang
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joel Trester
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- School Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Meng Han
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Tadas Balčiūnas
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Romig T, Kochetov V, Bokarev SI. Spin-flip dynamics in core-excited states in the basis of irreducible spherical tensor operators. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114108. [PMID: 37721323 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental advances in ultrafast science have put different processes occurring on the electronic timescale below a few femtoseconds in focus. In the present theoretical work, we demonstrate how the transformation and propagation of the density matrix in the basis of irreducible spherical tensors can be conveniently used to study sub-few fs spin-flip dynamics in core-excited transition metal compounds. With the help of the Wigner-Eckart theorem, such a transformation separates the essential dynamical information from the geometric factors governed by the angular momentum algebra. We show that an additional reduction can be performed by the physically motivated truncation of the spherical tensor basis. In particular, depending on the degree of coherence, the ultrafast dynamics can be considered semi-quantitative in the notably reduced spherical basis when only the total populations of the basis states of the given spin are of interest. Such truncation should be especially beneficial when the number of high-spin basis states is vast, as it reduces computational costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies Romig
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Vladislav Kochetov
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey I Bokarev
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Chemistry Department, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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5
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Rörig A, Son SK, Mazza T, Schmidt P, Baumann TM, Erk B, Ilchen M, Laksman J, Music V, Pathak S, Rivas DE, Rolles D, Serkez S, Usenko S, Santra R, Meyer M, Boll R. Multiple-core-hole resonance spectroscopy with ultraintense X-ray pulses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5738. [PMID: 37714859 PMCID: PMC10504280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interaction of intense, femtosecond X-ray pulses with heavy atoms is crucial for gaining insights into the structure and dynamics of matter. One key aspect of nonlinear light-matter interaction was, so far, not studied systematically at free-electron lasers-its dependence on the photon energy. Here, we use resonant ion spectroscopy to map out the transient electronic structures occurring during the complex charge-up pathways of xenon. Massively hollow atoms featuring up to six simultaneous core holes determine the spectra at specific photon energies and charge states. We also illustrate how different X-ray pulse parameters, which are usually intertwined, can be partially disentangled. The extraction of resonance spectra is facilitated by the possibility of working with a constant number of photons per X-ray pulse at all photon energies and the fact that the ion yields become independent of the peak fluence beyond a saturation point. Our study lays the groundwork for spectroscopic investigations of transient atomic species in exotic, multiple-core-hole states that have not been explored previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoscha Rörig
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sang-Kil Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Ilchen
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Valerija Music
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Robin Santra
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Guillemin R, Inhester L, Ilchen M, Mazza T, Boll R, Weber T, Eckart S, Grychtol P, Rennhack N, Marchenko T, Velasquez N, Travnikova O, Ismail I, Niskanen J, Kukk E, Trinter F, Gisselbrecht M, Feifel R, Sansone G, Rolles D, Martins M, Meyer M, Simon M, Santra R, Pfeifer T, Jahnke T, Piancastelli MN. Isotope effects in dynamics of water isotopologues induced by core ionization at an x-ray free-electron laser. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:054302. [PMID: 37799711 PMCID: PMC10550338 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical response of water exposed to x-rays is of utmost importance in a wealth of science areas. We exposed isolated water isotopologues to short x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser and detected momenta of all produced ions in coincidence. By combining experimental results and theoretical modeling, we identify significant structural dynamics with characteristic isotope effects in H2O2+, D2O2+, and HDO2+, such as asymmetric bond elongation and bond-angle opening, leading to two-body or three-body fragmentation on a timescale of a few femtoseconds. A method to disentangle the sequences of events taking place upon the consecutive absorption of two x-ray photons is described. The obtained deep look into structural properties and dynamics of dissociating water isotopologues provides essential insights into the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Guillemin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L. Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - T. Mazza
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - R. Boll
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Th. Weber
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - T. Marchenko
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - N. Velasquez
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - O. Travnikova
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - I. Ismail
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J. Niskanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - E. Kukk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - R. Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G. Sansone
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - D. Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M. Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Meyer
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M. Simon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Jahnke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. N. Piancastelli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
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7
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Crane SW, Lee JWL, Ashfold MNR, Rolles D. Molecular photodissociation dynamics revealed by Coulomb explosion imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37335247 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01740k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI) methods are finding ever-growing use as a means of exploring and distinguishing the static stereo-configurations of small quantum systems (molecules, clusters, etc). CEI experiments initiated by ultrafast (femtosecond-duration) laser pulses also allow opportunities to track the time-evolution of molecular structures, and thereby advance understanding of molecular fragmentation processes. This Perspective illustrates two emerging families of dynamical studies. 'One-colour' studies (employing strong field ionisation driven by intense near infrared or single X-ray or extreme ultraviolet laser pulses) afford routes to preparing multiply charged molecular cations and exploring how their fragmentation progresses from valence-dominated to Coulomb-dominated dynamics with increasing charge and how this evolution varies with molecular size and composition. 'Two-colour' studies use one ultrashort laser pulse to create electronically excited neutral molecules (or monocations), whose structural evolution is then probed as a function of pump-probe delay using an ultrafast ionisation pulse along with time and position-sensitive detection methods. This latter type of experiment has the potential to return new insights into not just molecular fragmentation processes but also charge transfer processes between moieties separating with much better defined stereochemical control than in contemporary ion-atom and ion-molecule charge transfer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W Crane
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Jason W L Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Daniel Rolles
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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8
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Wang E, Kling NG, LaForge AC, Obaid R, Pathak S, Bhattacharyya S, Meister S, Trost F, Lindenblatt H, Schoch P, Kübel M, Pfeifer T, Rudenko A, Díaz-Tendero S, Martín F, Moshammer R, Rolles D, Berrah N. Ultrafast Roaming Mechanisms in Ethanol Probed by Intense Extreme Ultraviolet Free-Electron Laser Radiation: Electron Transfer versus Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4372-4380. [PMID: 37140167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast H2+ and H3+ formation from ethanol is studied using pump-probe spectroscopy with an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) free-electron laser. The first pulse creates a dication, triggering H2 roaming that leads to H2+ and H3+ formation, which is disruptively probed by a second pulse. At photon energies of 28 and 32 eV, the ratio of H2+ to H3+ increases with time delay, while it is flat at a photon energy of 70 eV. The delay-dependent effect is ascribed to a competition between electron and proton transfer. High-level quantum chemistry calculations show a flat potential energy surface for H2 formation, indicating that the intermediate state may have a long lifetime. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulation confirms that, in addition to the direct emission, a small portion of H2 undergoes a roaming mechanism that leads to two competing pathways: electron transfer from H2 to C2H4O2+ and proton transfer from C2H4O2+ to H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enliang Wang
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Nora G Kling
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, United States
| | - Aaron C LaForge
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, United States
| | - Razib Obaid
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, United States
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
| | - Surjendu Bhattacharyya
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
| | - Severin Meister
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Trost
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Lindenblatt
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrizia Schoch
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kübel
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nano), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
| | - Nora Berrah
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, United States
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9
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Howard AJ, Britton M, Streeter ZL, Cheng C, Forbes R, Reynolds JL, Allum F, McCracken GA, Gabalski I, Lucchese RR, McCurdy CW, Weinacht T, Bucksbaum PH. Filming enhanced ionization in an ultrafast triatomic slingshot. Commun Chem 2023; 6:81. [PMID: 37106058 PMCID: PMC10140156 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Filming atomic motion within molecules is an active pursuit of molecular physics and quantum chemistry. A promising method is laser-induced Coulomb Explosion Imaging (CEI) where a laser pulse rapidly ionizes many electrons from a molecule, causing the remaining ions to undergo Coulomb repulsion. The ion momenta are used to reconstruct the molecular geometry which is tracked over time (i.e., filmed) by ionizing at an adjustable delay with respect to the start of interatomic motion. Results are distorted, however, by ultrafast motion during the ionizing pulse. We studied this effect in water and filmed the rapid "slingshot" motion that enhances ionization and distorts CEI results. Our investigation uncovered both the geometry and mechanism of the enhancement which may inform CEI experiments in many other polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Howard
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Mathew Britton
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zachary L Streeter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chuan Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Joshua L Reynolds
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Felix Allum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Gregory A McCracken
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ian Gabalski
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Robert R Lucchese
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C William McCurdy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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10
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Ho PJ, Ray D, Lehmann CS, Fouda AEA, Dunford RW, Kanter EP, Doumy G, Young L, Walko DA, Zheng X, Cheng L, Southworth SH. X-ray induced electron and ion fragmentation dynamics in IBr. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:134304. [PMID: 37031139 DOI: 10.1063/5.0145215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the inner-shell decay processes in molecules containing heavy elements is key to understanding x-ray damage of molecules and materials and for medical applications with Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides. The 1s hole states of heavy atoms can be produced by absorption of tunable x rays and the resulting vacancy decays characterized by recording emitted photons, electrons, and ions. The 1s hole states in heavy elements have large x-ray fluorescence yields that transfer the hole to intermediate electron shells that then decay by sequential Auger-electron transitions that increase the ion’s charge state until the final state is reached. In molecules, the charge is spread across the atomic sites, resulting in dissociation to energetic atomic ions. We have used x-ray/ion coincidence spectroscopy to measure charge states and energies of I q+ and Br q′+ atomic ions following 1s ionization at the I and Br K-edges of IBr. We present the charge states and kinetic energies of the two correlated fragment ions associated with core-excited states produced during the various steps of the cascades. To understand the dynamics leading to the ion data, we develop a computational model that combines Monte-Carlo/Molecular-Dynamics (MC/MD) simulations with a classical over-the-barrier model to track inner-shell cascades and redistribution of electrons in valence orbitals and nuclear motion of fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phay J. Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Dipanwita Ray
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C. Stefan Lehmann
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Adam E. A. Fouda
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Robert W. Dunford
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Elliot P. Kanter
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Donald A. Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xuechen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Stephen H. Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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11
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Yao HB, Qu QW, Zhang ZH, Wang JW, Gao J, Hu CX, Li H, Wu J, He F. Multiphoton Ionization Reduction of Atoms in Two-Color Femtosecond Laser Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:113201. [PMID: 37001077 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the ionization reduction of atoms in two-color femtosecond laser fields in this joint theoretical-experimental study. For the multiphoton ionization of atoms using a 400 nm laser pulse, the ionization probability is reduced if another relatively weak 800 nm laser pulse is overlapped. Such ionization reduction consistently occurs regardless of the relative phase between the two pulses. The time-dependent Schrödinger equation simulation results indicate that with the assisted 800 nm photons the electron can be launched to Rydberg states with large angular quantum numbers, which stand off the nuclei and thus are hard to be freed in the multiphoton regime. This mechanism works for hydrogen, helium, and probably some other atoms if two-color laser fields are properly tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy and Materials Research of Xinjiang Education Department, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Qi-Wen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhao-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Chen-Xi Hu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401121, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
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12
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Mazza T, Baumann TM, Boll R, De Fanis A, Grychtol P, Ilchen M, Montaño J, Music V, Ovcharenko Y, Rennhack N, Rivas DE, Rörig A, Schmidt P, Usenko S, Ziołkowski P, La Civita D, Vannoni M, Sinn H, Keitel B, Plönjes E, Jastrow UF, Sorokin A, Tiedtke K, Mann K, Schäfer B, Breckwoldt N, Son SK, Meyer M. The beam transport system for the Small Quantum Systems instrument at the European XFEL: optical layout and first commissioning results. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:457-467. [PMID: 36891860 PMCID: PMC10000793 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522012085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Small Quantum Systems instrument is one of the six operating instruments of the European XFEL, dedicated to the atomic, molecular and cluster physics communities. The instrument started its user operation at the end of 2018 after a commissioning phase. The design and characterization of the beam transport system are described here. The X-ray optical components of the beamline are detailed, and the beamline performances, transmission and focusing capabilities are reported. It is shown that the X-ray beam can be effectively focused as predicted by ray-tracing simulations. The impact of non-ideal X-ray source conditions on the focusing performances is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Mazza
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Boll
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Ilchen
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Valerija Music
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Nils Rennhack
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sergey Usenko
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Harald Sinn
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Keitel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elke Plönjes
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Fini Jastrow
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Sorokin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Tiedtke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Mann
- IFNANO Institut für Nanophotonik Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- IFNANO Institut für Nanophotonik Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels Breckwoldt
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Notkestr. 9–11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sang-Kil Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
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13
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Zeng L, Feng C, Gu D, Wang X, Zhang K, Liu B, Zhao Z. Online single-shot characterization of ultrafast pulses from high-gain free-electron lasers. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:929-936. [PMID: 38933379 PMCID: PMC11197556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) provide cutting-edge tools for fundamental researches to study nature down to the atomic level at a time-scale that fits this resolution. A precise knowledge of temporal information of FEL pulses is the central issue for its applications. Here we proposed and demonstrated a novel method to determine the FEL temporal profiles online. This robust method, designed for ultrafast FELs, allows researchers to acquire real-time longitudinal profiles of FEL pulses as well as their arrive times with respect to the external optical laser with a resolution better than 6 fs. Based on this method, we can also directly measure various properties of FEL pulses and correlations between them online. This helps us to further understand the FEL lasing processes and realize the generation of stable, nearly fully coherent soft X-ray laser pulses at the Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL facility. This method will enhance the experimental opportunities for ultrafast science in various areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Duan Gu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Kaiqing Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhentang Zhao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
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14
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Artificial intelligence for online characterization of ultrashort X-ray free-electron laser pulses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17809. [PMID: 36280680 PMCID: PMC9592592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) as the world’s brightest light sources provide ultrashort X-ray pulses with a duration typically in the order of femtoseconds. Recently, they have approached and entered the attosecond regime, which holds new promises for single-molecule imaging and studying nonlinear and ultrafast phenomena such as localized electron dynamics. The technological evolution of XFELs toward well-controllable light sources for precise metrology of ultrafast processes has been, however, hampered by the diagnostic capabilities for characterizing X-ray pulses at the attosecond frontier. In this regard, the spectroscopic technique of photoelectron angular streaking has successfully proven how to non-destructively retrieve the exact time–energy structure of XFEL pulses on a single-shot basis. By using artificial intelligence techniques, in particular convolutional neural networks, we here show how this technique can be leveraged from its proof-of-principle stage toward routine diagnostics even at high-repetition-rate XFELs, thus enhancing and refining their scientific accessibility in all related disciplines.
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15
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Spanedda N, McLaughlin PF, Beyer JJ, Chakraborty A. Investigation of Ionization Potential in Quantum Dots Using the Stratified Stochastic Enumeration of Molecular Orbitals Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5920-5935. [PMID: 36136935 PMCID: PMC9558315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The overarching goal of this work is to investigate the size-dependent characteristics of the ionization potential of PbS and CdS quantum dots. The ionization potentials of quantum dots provide critical information about the energies of occupied states, which can then be used to quantify the electron-removal characteristics of quantum dots. The energy of the highest-occupied molecular orbital is used to understand electron-transfer processes when invesigating the energy-level alignment between quantum dots and electron-accepting ligands. Ionization potential is also important for investigating and interpreting electron-detachment processes induced by light (photoelectron spectra), external voltage (chemiresistance), and collision with other electrons (impact ionization). Accurate first-principles calculations of ionization potential continue to be challenging because of the computational cost associated with the construction of the frequency-dependent self-energy operator and the numerical solution of the associated Dyson equation. The computational cost becomes prohibitive as the system size increases because of the large number of 2particle-1hole (2p1h) and 1particle-2hole (1p2h) terms needed for the calculation. In this work, we present the Stratified Stochastic Enumeration of Molecular Orbitals (SSE-MO) method for efficient construction of the self-energy operator. The SSE-MO method is a real-space method and the central strategy of this method is to use stochastically enumerated sampling of molecular orbitals and molecular-orbital indices for the construction of the 2p1h and 1p2h terms. This is achieved by first constructing a composite MO-index Cartesian coordinate space followed by transformation of the frequency-dependent self-energy operator to this composite space. The evaluation of both the real and imaginary components of the self-energy operator is performed using a stratified Monte Carlo technique. The SSE-MO method was used to calculate the ionization potentials and the frequency-dependent spectral functions for a series of PbS and CdS quantum dots by solving the Dyson equation using both single-shot and iterative procedures. The ionization potentials for both PbS and CdS quantum dots were found to decrease with increasing dot size. Analysis of the frequency-dependent spectral functions revealed that for PbS quantum dots the intermediate dot size exhibited a longer relative lifetime whereas in CdS the smallest dot size had the longest relative lifetime. The results from these calculations demonstrate the efficacy of the SSE-MO method for calculating accurate ionization potentials and spectral functions of chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Spanedda
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Peter F McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Jessica J Beyer
- Keck Science Department, Scripps College, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Arindam Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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16
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Banerjee S, Jurek Z, Abdullah MM, Santra R. Chemical effects on the dynamics of organic molecules irradiated with high intensity x rays. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2022; 9:054101. [PMID: 36329869 PMCID: PMC9625838 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of a high intensity x-ray pulse with matter causes ionization of the constituent atoms through various atomic processes, and the system eventually goes through a complex structural dynamics. Understanding this whole process is important from the perspective of structure determination of molecules using single particle imaging. XMDYN, which is a classical molecular dynamics-Monte Carlo based hybrid approach, has been successful in simulating the dynamical evolution of various systems under intense irradiation over the past years. The present study aims for extending the XMDYN toolkit to treat chemical bonds using the reactive force field. In order to study its impact, a highly intense x-ray pulse was made to interact with the simplest amino acid, glycine. Different model variants were used to highlight the consequences of charge rearrangement and chemical bonds on the time evolution. The charge-rearrangement-enhanced x-ray ionization of molecules effect is also discussed to address the capability of a classical MD based approach, i.e., XMDYN, to capture such a molecular phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Banerjee
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Jurek
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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17
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Nandi S, Olofsson E, Bertolino M, Carlström S, Zapata F, Busto D, Callegari C, Di Fraia M, Eng-Johnsson P, Feifel R, Gallician G, Gisselbrecht M, Maclot S, Neoričić L, Peschel J, Plekan O, Prince KC, Squibb RJ, Zhong S, Demekhin PV, Meyer M, Miron C, Badano L, Danailov MB, Giannessi L, Manfredda M, Sottocorona F, Zangrando M, Dahlström JM. Observation of Rabi dynamics with a short-wavelength free-electron laser. Nature 2022; 608:488-493. [PMID: 35978126 PMCID: PMC9385478 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rabi oscillations are periodic modulations of populations in two-level systems interacting with a time-varying field1. They are ubiquitous in physics with applications in different areas such as photonics2, nano-electronics3, electron microscopy4 and quantum information5. While the theory developed by Rabi was intended for fermions in gyrating magnetic fields, Autler and Townes realized that it could also be used to describe coherent light-matter interactions within the rotating-wave approximation6. Although intense nanometre-wavelength light sources have been available for more than a decade7-9, Rabi dynamics at such short wavelengths has not been directly observed. Here we show that femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses from a seeded free-electron laser10 can drive Rabi dynamics between the ground state and an excited state in helium atoms. The measured photoelectron signal reveals an Autler-Townes doublet and an avoided crossing, phenomena that are both fundamental to coherent atom-field interactions11. Using an analytical model derived from perturbation theory on top of the Rabi model, we find that the ultrafast build-up of the doublet structure carries the signature of a quantum interference effect between resonant and non-resonant photoionization pathways. Given the recent availability of intense attosecond12 and few-femtosecond13 extreme-ultraviolet pulses, our results unfold opportunities to carry out ultrafast manipulation of coherent processes at short wavelengths using free-electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Nandi
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne, France.
| | | | | | | | - Felipe Zapata
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Busto
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Raimund Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sylvain Maclot
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lana Neoričić
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Richard J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shiyang Zhong
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Catalin Miron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele, Romania
| | | | | | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Sottocorona
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Trieste, Italy
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18
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Zheng X, Zhang C, Jin Z, Southworth SH, Cheng L. Benchmark relativistic delta-coupled-cluster calculations of K-edge core-ionization energies of third-row elements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13587-13596. [PMID: 35616685 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A benchmark computational study of K-edge core-ionization energies of third-row elements using relativistic delta-coupled-cluster (ΔCC) methods and a revised core-valence separation (CVS) scheme is reported. High-level relativistic (HLR) corrections beyond the spin-free exact two-component theory in its one-electron variant (SFX2C-1e), including the contributions from two-electron picture-change effects, spin-orbit coupling, the Breit term, and quantum electrodynamics effects, have been taken into account and demonstrated to play an important role. Relativistic ΔCC calculations are shown to provide accurate results for core-ionization energies of third-row elements. The SFX2C-1e-CVS-ΔCC results augmented with HLR corrections show a maximum deviation of less than 0.5 eV with respect to experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Zheqi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen H Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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19
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A Reaction Microscope for AMO Science at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the design and capabilities of a reaction microscope (REMI) end-station at the Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (SXFEL). This apparatus allows high-resolution and 4π solid-angle coincidence detection of ions and electrons. The components of REMI, including a supersonic gas injection system, spectrometer, detectors and data acquisition system, are described in detail. By measuring the time of flight and the impact positions of ions and electrons on the corresponding detectors, three-dimensional momentum vectors can be reconstructed to study specific reaction processes. Momentum resolutions of ions and electrons with 0.11 a.u. are achieved, which have been measured from a single ionization experiment of oxygen molecules in an infrared (IR), femtosecond laser field, under vacuum at 1.2×10−10 torr, in a reaction chamber. As a demonstration, a Coulomb explosion experiment of oxygen molecules in the IR field is presented. These results demonstrate the performance of this setup, which provides a basic tool for the study of atomic and molecular reactions at SXFEL.
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20
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Schouder CA, Chatterley AS, Pickering JD, Stapelfeldt H. Laser-Induced Coulomb Explosion Imaging of Aligned Molecules and Molecular Dimers. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2022; 73:323-347. [PMID: 35081323 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-053627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We discuss how Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI), triggered by intense femtosecond laser pulses and combined with laser-induced alignment and covariance analysis of the angular distributions of the recoiling fragment ions, provides new opportunities for imaging the structures of molecules and molecular complexes. First, focusing on gas phase molecules, we show how the periodic torsional motion of halogenated biphenyl molecules can be measured in real time by timed CEI, and how CEI of one-dimensionally aligned difluoroiodobenzene molecules can uniquely identify four structural isomers. Next, focusing on molecular complexes formed inside He nanodroplets, we show that the conformations of noncovalently bound dimers or trimers, aligned in one or three dimensions, can be determined by CEI. Results presented for homodimers of CS2, OCS, and bromobenzene pave the way for femtosecond time-resolved structure imaging of molecules undergoing bimolecular interactions and ultimately chemical reactions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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21
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Kastirke G, Ota F, Rezvan DV, Schöffler MS, Weller M, Rist J, Boll R, Anders N, Baumann TM, Eckart S, Erk B, De Fanis A, Fehre K, Gatton A, Grundmann S, Grychtol P, Hartung A, Hofmann M, Ilchen M, Janke C, Kircher M, Kunitski M, Li X, Mazza T, Melzer N, Montano J, Music V, Nalin G, Ovcharenko Y, Pier A, Rennhack N, Rivas DE, Dörner R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Schmidt P, Siebert J, Strenger N, Trabert D, Vela-Perez I, Wagner R, Weber T, Williams JB, Ziolkowski P, Schmidt LPH, Czasch A, Tamura Y, Hara N, Yamazaki K, Hatada K, Trinter F, Meyer M, Ueda K, Demekhin PV, Jahnke T. Investigating charge-up and fragmentation dynamics of oxygen molecules after interaction with strong X-ray free-electron laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27121-27127. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02408j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray-induced charge-up and fragmentation process of a small molecule is examined in great detail by measuring the molecular-frame photoelectron interference pattern in conjunction with other observables in coincidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Kastirke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - F. Ota
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - D. V. Rezvan
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - M. S. Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Weller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J. Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R. Boll
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - N. Anders
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T. M. Baumann
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - S. Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B. Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. De Fanis
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - K. Fehre
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Gatton
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S. Grundmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - P. Grychtol
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A. Hartung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Hofmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Ilchen
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - C. Janke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Kircher
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - X. Li
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - T. Mazza
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - N. Melzer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J. Montano
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - V. Music
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - G. Nalin
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Y. Ovcharenko
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A. Pier
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N. Rennhack
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - D. E. Rivas
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - R. Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D. Rolles
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - A. Rudenko
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Ph. Schmidt
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - J. Siebert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N. Strenger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D. Trabert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - I. Vela-Perez
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R. Wagner
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Th. Weber
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J. B. Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - P. Ziolkowski
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - L. Ph. H. Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Czasch
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Y. Tamura
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - N. Hara
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - K. Yamazaki
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - K. Hatada
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - F. Trinter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Meyer
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - K. Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ph. V. Demekhin
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - T. Jahnke
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
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22
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LaForge AC, Son SK, Mishra D, Ilchen M, Duncanson S, Eronen E, Kukk E, Wirok-Stoletow S, Kolbasova D, Walter P, Boll R, De Fanis A, Meyer M, Ovcharenko Y, Rivas DE, Schmidt P, Usenko S, Santra R, Berrah N. Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization in the X-Ray Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:213202. [PMID: 34860076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.213202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the nonlinear ionization of argon atoms in the short wavelength regime using ultraintense x rays from the European XFEL. After sequential multiphoton ionization, high charge states are obtained. For photon energies that are insufficient to directly ionize a 1s electron, a different mechanism is required to obtain ionization to Ar^{17+}. We propose this occurs through a two-color process where the second harmonic of the FEL pulse resonantly excites the system via a 1s→2p transition followed by ionization by the fundamental FEL pulse, which is a type of x-ray resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). This resonant phenomenon occurs not only for Ar^{16+}, but also through lower charge states, where multiple ionization competes with decay lifetimes, making x-ray REMPI distinctive from conventional REMPI. With the aid of state-of-the-art theoretical calculations, we explain the effects of x-ray REMPI on the relevant ion yields and spectral profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C LaForge
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Sang-Kil Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Debadarshini Mishra
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Markus Ilchen
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Stephen Duncanson
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Eemeli Eronen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Edwin Kukk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Stanislaw Wirok-Stoletow
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daria Kolbasova
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nora Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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23
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Crane SW, Ge L, Cooper GA, Carwithen BP, Bain M, Smith JA, Hansen CS, Ashfold MNR. Nonadiabatic Coupling Effects in the 800 nm Strong-Field Ionization-Induced Coulomb Explosion of Methyl Iodide Revealed by Multimass Velocity Map Imaging and Ab Initio Simulation Studies. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9594-9608. [PMID: 34709807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Coulomb explosion (CE) of jet-cooled CH3I molecules using ultrashort (40 fs), nonresonant 805 nm strong-field ionization at three peak intensities (260, 650, and 1300 TW cm-2) has been investigated by multimass velocity map imaging, revealing an array of discernible fragment ions, that is, Iq+ (q ≤ 6), CHn+ (n = 0-3), CHn2+ (n = 0, 2), C3+, H+, H2+, and H3+. Complementary ab initio trajectory calculations of the CE of CH3IZ+ cations with Z ≤ 14 identify a range of behaviors. The CE of parent cations with Z = 2 and 3 can be well-described using a diatomic-like representation (as found previously) but the CE dynamics of all higher CH3IZ+ cations require a multidimensional description. The ab initio predicted Iq+ (q ≥ 3) fragment ion velocities are all at the high end of the velocity distributions measured for the corresponding Iq+ products. These mismatches are proposed as providing some of the clearest insights yet into the roles of nonadiabatic effects (and intramolecular charge transfer) in the CE of highly charged molecular cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W Crane
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Lingfeng Ge
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Graham A Cooper
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Ben P Carwithen
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Matthew Bain
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - James A Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Christopher S Hansen
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Michael N R Ashfold
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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24
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Rousseau P, González-Vázquez J, Piekarski DG, Kopyra J, Domaracka A, Alcamí M, Adoui L, Huber BA, Díaz-Tendero S, Martín F. Timing of charge migration in betaine by impact of fast atomic ions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg9080. [PMID: 34597129 PMCID: PMC10938492 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The way molecules break after ion bombardment is intimately related to the early electron dynamics generated in the system, in particular, charge (or electron) migration. We exploit the natural positive-negative charge splitting in the zwitterionic molecule betaine to selectively induce double electron removal from its negatively charged side by impact of fast O6+ ions. The loss of two electrons in this localized region of the molecular skeleton triggers a competition between direct Coulomb explosion and charge migration that is examined to obtain temporal information from ion-ion coincident measurements and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics calculations. We find a charge migration time, from one end of the molecule to the other, of approximately 20 to 40 femtoseconds. This migration time is longer than that observed in molecules irradiated by ultrashort light pulses and is the consequence of charge migration being driven by adiabatic nuclear dynamics in the ground state of the molecular dication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rousseau
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dariusz G. Piekarski
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Janina Kopyra
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Alicja Domaracka
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Manuel Alcamí
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nano), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lamri Adoui
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Bernd A. Huber
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nano), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Pihlava L, Niskanen J, Kooser K, Stråhlman C, Maclot S, Kivimäki A, Kukk E. Photodissociation dynamics of halogenated aromatic molecules: the case of core-ionized tetrabromothiophene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21249-21261. [PMID: 34542547 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We studied the gas-phase photodissociation of a fully halogenated aromatic molecule, tetrabromothiophene, upon core-shell ionization by using synchrotron radiation and energy-resolved multiparticle coincidence spectroscopy. Photodynamics was initiated by the selective soft X-ray ionization of three elements - C, S, and Br - leading to the formation of dicationic states by Auger decay. From a detailed study of photodissociation upon Br 3d ionization, we formulate a general fragmentation scheme, where dissociation into neutral fragments and a pair of cations prevails, but dicationic species are also produced. We conclude that dicationic tetrabromothiophene typically undergoes deferred charge separation (with one of the ions being often Br+) that may be followed by secondary dissociation steps, depending on the available internal energy of the parent dication. Observations suggest that the ejection of neutral bromine atoms as the first step of deferred charge separation is a prevailing feature in dicationic dissociation, although sometimes in this step the C-Br bonds appear to remain intact and the thiophene ring is broken instead. Ionization-site-specific effects are observed particularly in doubly charged fragments and as large differences in the yields of the intact parent dication. We interpret these effects, using first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations of core-hole states, as likely caused by the geometry changes during the core-hole lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassi Pihlava
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Johannes Niskanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Kuno Kooser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Stråhlman
- Department of Materials Science and Applied Mathematics, Malmö University, SE-20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Maclot
- Department of Physics, Gothenburg University, Box 100, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antti Kivimäki
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.,Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Edwin Kukk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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26
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Li X, Inhester L, Robatjazi SJ, Erk B, Boll R, Hanasaki K, Toyota K, Hao Y, Bomme C, Rudek B, Foucar L, Southworth SH, Lehmann CS, Kraessig B, Marchenko T, Simon M, Ueda K, Ferguson KR, Bucher M, Gorkhover T, Carron S, Alonso-Mori R, Koglin JE, Correa J, Williams GJ, Boutet S, Young L, Bostedt C, Son SK, Santra R, Rolles D, Rudenko A. Pulse Energy and Pulse Duration Effects in the Ionization and Fragmentation of Iodomethane by Ultraintense Hard X Rays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:093202. [PMID: 34506178 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.093202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of intense femtosecond x-ray pulses with molecules sensitively depends on the interplay between multiple photoabsorptions, Auger decay, charge rearrangement, and nuclear motion. Here, we report on a combined experimental and theoretical study of the ionization and fragmentation of iodomethane (CH_{3}I) by ultraintense (∼10^{19} W/cm^{2}) x-ray pulses at 8.3 keV, demonstrating how these dynamics depend on the x-ray pulse energy and duration. We show that the timing of multiple ionization steps leading to a particular reaction product and, thus, the product's final kinetic energy, is determined by the pulse duration rather than the pulse energy or intensity. While the overall degree of ionization is mainly defined by the pulse energy, our measurement reveals that the yield of the fragments with the highest charge states is enhanced for short pulse durations, in contrast to earlier observations for atoms and small molecules in the soft x-ray domain. We attribute this effect to a decreased charge transfer efficiency at larger internuclear separations, which are reached during longer pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - L Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S J Robatjazi
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - B Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Boll
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - K Hanasaki
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Toyota
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Hao
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C Bomme
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L Foucar
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S H Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - C S Lehmann
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - B Kraessig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - T Marchenko
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris, France
| | - M Simon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris, France
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - K R Ferguson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - M Bucher
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - T Gorkhover
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Carron
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - R Alonso-Mori
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - J E Koglin
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - J Correa
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - G J Williams
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton New York, USA
| | - S Boutet
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - L Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S-K Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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27
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Liu YR, Kimberg V, Wu Y, Wang JG, Vendrell O, Zhang SB. Ultraviolet Pump-Probe Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Electron-Rotation Coupling in Diatomics. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5534-5539. [PMID: 34100612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The electronic angular momentum projected onto the diatomic axis couples with the angular momentum of the nuclei, significantly affecting the rotational motion of the system under electronic excitations by intense lasers. In this letter, we propose a pump-probe photodissociation scheme for an accurate determination of electron-rotation coupling effects induced by the strong fields. As a showcase we study the CH+ molecule excited by a short intense ultraviolet pump pulse to the A1Π state, which triggers coupled rovibrational dynamics. The dynamics is observed by measuring the kinetic energy release and angular resolved photofragmentation upon photodissociation induced by the time-delayed probe pulse populating the C1Σ+ state. Simulations of the rovibrational dynamics unravel clear fingerprints of the electron-rotation coupling effects that can be observed experimentally. The proposed pump-probe scheme opens new possibilities for the study of ultrafast dynamics following valence electronic transitions with current laser technology, and possible applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Rong Liu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Victor Kimberg
- Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University - IRC SQC, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yong Wu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Guo Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Song Bin Zhang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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28
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Kissin Y, Ruberti M, Kolorenč P, Averbukh V. Attosecond pump-attosecond probe spectroscopy of Auger decay. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12376-12386. [PMID: 34027527 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00623a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Attosecond pump-attosecond probe spectroscopy is becoming possible due the development of sub-femtosecond free electron laser (FEL) pulses as well as intense high-order harmonic generation-based attosecond sources. Here we investigate theoretically whether these developments can provide access to direct time-resolved measurement of Auger decay through detection of the total yield of an ionic decay product, in analogy to the photodissociation product detection in femtochemistry. We show that the ion yield based measurement is generally possible and in the case of the inner-valence hole decay can be background-free. Extensive first principles calculations are used to optimise the probe photon energies for a variety of prototypical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Kissin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Marco Ruberti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Přemysl Kolorenč
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vitali Averbukh
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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29
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Huang N, Deng H, Liu B, Wang D, Zhao Z. Features and futures of X-ray free-electron lasers. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100097. [PMID: 34557749 PMCID: PMC8454599 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear accelerator-based free-electron lasers (FELs) are the leading source of fully coherent X-rays with ultra-high peak powers and ultra-short pulse lengths. Current X-ray FEL facilities have proved their worth as useful tools for diverse scientific applications. In this paper, we present an overview of the features and future prospects of X-ray FELs, including the working principles and properties of X-ray FELs, the operational status of different FEL facilities worldwide, the applications supported by such facilities, and the current developments and outlook for X-ray FEL-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanshun Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haixiao Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhentang Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
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30
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Ho PJ, Fouda AEA, Li K, Doumy G, Young L. Ultraintense, ultrashort pulse X-ray scattering in small molecules. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:139-160. [PMID: 33576361 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We examine X-ray scattering from an isolated organic molecule from the linear to nonlinear absorptive regime. In the nonlinear regime, we explore the importance of both the coherent and incoherent channels and observe the onset of nonlinear behavior as a function of pulse duration and energy. In the linear regime, we test the sensitivity of the scattering signal to molecular bonding and electronic correlation via calculations using the independent atom model (IAM), Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT). Finally, we describe how coherent X-ray scattering can be used to directly visualize femtosecond charge transfer and dissociation within a single molecule undergoing X-ray multiphoton absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phay J Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - Adam E A Fouda
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - Kai Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA. and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA. and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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31
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Electron-ion coincidence measurements of molecular dynamics with intense X-ray pulses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:505. [PMID: 33436816 PMCID: PMC7804145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules can sequentially absorb multiple photons when irradiated by an intense X-ray pulse from a free-electron laser. If the time delay between two photoabsorption events can be determined, this enables pump-probe experiments with a single X-ray pulse, where the absorption of the first photon induces electronic and nuclear dynamics that are probed by the absorption of the second photon. Here we show a realization of such a single-pulse X-ray pump-probe scheme on N\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$_2$$\end{document}2 molecules, using the X-ray induced dissociation process as an internal clock that is read out via coincident detection of photoelectrons and fragment ions. By coincidence analysis of the kinetic energies of the ionic fragments and photoelectrons, the transition from a bound molecular dication to two isolated atomic ions is observed through the energy shift of the inner-shell electrons. Via ab-initio simulations, we are able to map characteristic features in the kinetic energy release and photoelectron spectrum to specific delay times between photoabsorptions. In contrast to previous studies where nuclear motions were typically revealed by measuring ion kinetics, our work shows that inner-shell photoelectron energies can also be sensitive probes of nuclear dynamics, which adds one more dimension to the study of light-matter interactions with X-ray pulses.
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Allum F, Anders N, Brouard M, Bucksbaum P, Burt M, Downes-Ward B, Grundmann S, Harries J, Ishimura Y, Iwayama H, Kaiser L, Kukk E, Lee J, Liu X, Minns RS, Nagaya K, Niozu A, Niskanen J, O'Neal J, Owada S, Pickering J, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Saito S, Ueda K, Vallance C, Werby N, Woodhouse J, You D, Ziaee F, Driver T, Forbes R. Multi-channel photodissociation and XUV-induced charge transfer dynamics in strong-field-ionized methyl iodide studied with time-resolved recoil-frame covariance imaging. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:571-596. [PMID: 33629700 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photodissociation dynamics of strong-field ionized methyl iodide (CH3I) were probed using intense extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation produced by the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA). Strong-field ionization and subsequent fragmentation of CH3I was initiated by an intense femtosecond infrared (IR) pulse. The ensuing fragmentation and charge transfer processes following multiple ionization by the XUV pulse at a range of pump-probe delays were followed in a multi-mass ion velocity-map imaging (VMI) experiment. Simultaneous imaging of a wide range of resultant ions allowed for additional insight into the complex dynamics by elucidating correlations between the momenta of different fragment ions using time-resolved recoil-frame covariance imaging analysis. The comprehensive picture of the photodynamics that can be extracted provides promising evidence that the techniques described here could be applied to study ultrafast photochemistry in a range of molecular systems at high count rates using state-of-the-art advanced light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Allum
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Nils Anders
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Philip Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Michael Burt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Briony Downes-Ward
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sven Grundmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - James Harries
- QST, SPring-8, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yudai Ishimura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwayama
- UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Leon Kaiser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Edwin Kukk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Jason Lee
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Russell S Minns
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akinobu Niozu
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Johannes Niskanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Jordan O'Neal
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | | | - James Pickering
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Shu Saito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Claire Vallance
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Nicholas Werby
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Joanne Woodhouse
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Daehyun You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Farzaneh Ziaee
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Taran Driver
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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33
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A Perspective on Molecular Structure and Bond-Breaking in Radiation Damage in Serial Femtosecond Crystallography. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10070585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have a unique capability for time-resolved studies of protein dynamics and conformational changes on femto- and pico-second time scales. The extreme intensity of X-ray pulses can potentially cause significant modifications to the sample structure during exposure. Successful time-resolved XFEL crystallography depends on the unambiguous interpretation of the protein dynamics of interest from the effects of radiation damage. Proteins containing relatively heavy elements, such as sulfur or metals, have a higher risk for radiation damage. In metaloenzymes, for example, the dynamics of interest usually occur at the metal centers, which are also hotspots for damage due to the higher atomic number of the elements they contain. An ongoing challenge with such local damage is to understand the residual bonding in these locally ionized systems and bond-breaking dynamics. Here, we present a perspective on radiation damage in XFEL experiments with a particular focus on the impacts for time-resolved protein crystallography. We discuss recent experimental and modelling results of bond-breaking and ion motion at disulfide bonding sites in protein crystals.
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34
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Mukharamova N, Lazarev S, Meijer JM, Gorobtsov OY, Singer A, Chollet M, Bussmann M, Dzhigaev D, Feng Y, Garten M, Huebl A, Kluge T, Kurta RP, Lipp V, Santra R, Sikorski M, Song S, Williams G, Zhu D, Ziaja-Motyka B, Cowan TE, Petukhov AV, Vartanyants IA. Femtosecond laser produced periodic plasma in a colloidal crystal probed by XFEL radiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10780. [PMID: 32612095 PMCID: PMC7329833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of short-pulse intense laser sources, studies of matter under extreme irradiation conditions enter further unexplored regimes. In addition, an application of X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) delivering intense femtosecond X-ray pulses, allows to investigate sample evolution in IR pump - X-ray probe experiments with an unprecedented time resolution. Here we present a detailed study of the periodic plasma created from the colloidal crystal. Both experimental data and theory modeling show that the periodicity in the sample survives to a large extent the extreme excitation and shock wave propagation inside the colloidal crystal. This feature enables probing the excited crystal, using the powerful Bragg peak analysis, in contrast to the conventional studies of dense plasma created from bulk samples for which probing with Bragg diffraction technique is not possible. X-ray diffraction measurements of excited colloidal crystals may then lead towards a better understanding of matter phase transitions under extreme irradiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia Mukharamova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), pr. Lenina 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Janne-Mieke Meijer
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GL, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg Yu Gorobtsov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Andrej Singer
- University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Michael Bussmann
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz, Germany
| | - Dmitry Dzhigaev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, S-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yiping Feng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marco Garten
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Huebl
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Kluge
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruslan P Kurta
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Vladimir Lipp
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Sanghoon Song
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Garth Williams
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Beata Ziaja-Motyka
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Krakow, Poland
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrei V Petukhov
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409, Moscow, Russia.
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35
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Observation of the molecular response to light upon photoexcitation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2157. [PMID: 32358535 PMCID: PMC7195484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
When a molecule interacts with light, its electrons can absorb energy from the electromagnetic field by rapidly rearranging their positions. This constitutes the first step of photochemical and photophysical processes that include primary events in human vision and photosynthesis. Here, we report the direct measurement of the initial redistribution of electron density when the molecule 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD) is optically excited. Our experiments exploit the intense, ultrashort hard x-ray pulses of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) to map the change in electron density using ultrafast x-ray scattering. The nature of the excited electronic state is identified with excellent spatial resolution and in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The excited state electron density distributions are thus amenable to direct experimental observation. Photoabsorption is a fundamental process that leads to changes in the electron density in matter. Here, the authors show a direct measurement of the distribution of electron density when a cyclohexadine molecule is excited by pulsed UV radiation and probed by a time delayed X-ray pulse generated at LCLS.
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36
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Interspecies radiative transition in warm and superdense plasma mixtures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1989. [PMID: 32332785 PMCID: PMC7181684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Superdense plasmas widely exist in planetary interiors and astrophysical objects such as brown-dwarf cores and white dwarfs. How atoms behave under such extreme-density conditions is not yet well understood, even in single-species plasmas. Here, we apply thermal density functional theory to investigate the radiation spectra of superdense iron–zinc plasma mixtures at mass densities of ρ = 250 to 2000 g cm−3 and temperatures of kT = 50 to 100 eV, accessible by double-shell–target implosions. Our ab initio calculations reveal two extreme atomic-physics phenomena—firstly, an interspecies radiative transition; and, secondly, the breaking down of the dipole-selection rule for radiative transitions in isolated atoms. Our first-principles calculations predict that for superdense plasma mixtures, both interatomic radiative transitions and dipole-forbidden transitions can become comparable to the normal intra-atomic Kα-emission signal. These physics phenomena were not previously considered in detail for extreme high-density plasma mixtures at super-high energy densities. Matter at extremely high density and pressure behaves differently than at ambient conditions. Here the authors use first-principles calculations to show the existence of interspecies radiative and dipole-forbidden transitions in warm and superdense plasma mixture of iron and zinc.
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37
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Nass K, Gorel A, Abdullah MM, V Martin A, Kloos M, Marinelli A, Aquila A, Barends TRM, Decker FJ, Bruce Doak R, Foucar L, Hartmann E, Hilpert M, Hunter MS, Jurek Z, Koglin JE, Kozlov A, Lutman AA, Kovacs GN, Roome CM, Shoeman RL, Santra R, Quiney HM, Ziaja B, Boutet S, Schlichting I. Structural dynamics in proteins induced by and probed with X-ray free-electron laser pulses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1814. [PMID: 32286284 PMCID: PMC7156470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enable crystallographic structure determination beyond the limitations imposed upon synchrotron measurements by radiation damage. The need for very short XFEL pulses is relieved through gating of Bragg diffraction by loss of crystalline order as damage progresses, but not if ionization events are spatially non-uniform due to underlying elemental distributions, as in biological samples. Indeed, correlated movements of iron and sulfur ions were observed in XFEL-irradiated ferredoxin microcrystals using unusually long pulses of 80 fs. Here, we report a femtosecond time-resolved X-ray pump/X-ray probe experiment on protein nanocrystals. We observe changes in the protein backbone and aromatic residues as well as disulfide bridges. Simulations show that the latter’s correlated structural dynamics are much slower than expected for the predicted high atomic charge states due to significant impact of ion caging and plasma electron screening. This indicates that dense-environment effects can strongly affect local radiation damage-induced structural dynamics. The local X-ray-induced dynamics that occur in protein crystals during serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) measurements at XFELs are not well understood. Here the authors performed a time-resolved X-ray pump X-ray probe SFX experiment, and they observe distinct structural changes in the disulfide bridges and peptide backbone of proteins; complementing theoretical approaches allow them to further characterize the details of the X-ray induced ionization and local structural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Nass
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Gorel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malik M Abdullah
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew V Martin
- School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Marco Kloos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Andrew Aquila
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas R M Barends
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - R Bruce Doak
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Foucar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Hilpert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark S Hunter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Zoltan Jurek
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jason E Koglin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Kozlov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alberto A Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Gabriela Nass Kovacs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher M Roome
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert L Shoeman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harry M Quiney
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Beata Ziaja
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ilme Schlichting
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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38
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Grell G, Bokarev SI. Multi-reference protocol for (auto)ionization spectra: Application to molecules. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:074108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5142251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Grell
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey I. Bokarev
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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39
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Wallner M, Eland JHD, Squibb RJ, Andersson J, Roos AH, Singh R, Talaee O, Koulentianos D, Piancastelli MN, Simon M, Feifel R. Coulomb explosion of CD 3I induced by single photon deep inner-shell ionisation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1246. [PMID: 31988321 PMCID: PMC6985119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
L-shell ionisation and subsequent Coulomb explosion of fully deuterated methyl iodide, CD3I, irradiated with hard X-rays has been examined by a time-of-flight multi-ion coincidence technique. The core vacancies relax efficiently by Auger cascades, leading to charge states up to 16+. The dynamics of the Coulomb explosion process are investigated by calculating the ions’ flight times numerically based on a geometric model of the experimental apparatus, for comparison with the experimental data. A parametric model of the explosion, previously introduced for multi-photon induced Coulomb explosion, is applied in numerical simulations, giving good agreement with the experimental results for medium charge states. Deviations for higher charges suggest the need to include nuclear motion in a putatively more complete model. Detection efficiency corrections from the simulations are used to determine the true distributions of molecular charge states produced by initial L1, L2 and L3 ionisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wallner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J H D Eland
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - R J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Andersson
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Hult Roos
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Singh
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - O Talaee
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - D Koulentianos
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - M N Piancastelli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005, Paris, Cedex 05, France.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Simon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005, Paris, Cedex 05, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - R Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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40
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You D, Fukuzawa H, Luo Y, Saito S, Berholts M, Gaumnitz T, Huttula M, Johnsson P, Kishimoto N, Myllynen H, Nemer A, Niozu A, Patanen M, Pelimanni E, Takanashi T, Wada SI, Yokono N, Owada S, Tono K, Yabashi M, Nagaya K, Kukk E, Ueda K. Multi-particle momentum correlations extracted using covariance methods on multiple-ionization of diiodomethane molecules by soft-X-ray free-electron laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2648-2659. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03638e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correlations between the ion momenta are extracted by covariance methods formulated for the use in multiparticle momentum-resolved ion time-of-flight spectroscopy.
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41
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Schubert K, Guda AA, Mertens K, Schunck JO, Schippers S, Müller A, Bari S, Klumpp S, Martins M. Absorption spectra at the iodine 3d ionisation threshold following the CH xI + (x = 0-3) cation sequence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25415-25424. [PMID: 31710320 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04640b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Yields of atomic iodine Iq+ (q≥ 2) fragments resulting from photoexcitation and photoionisation of the target cations CHxI+ (x = 0-3) have been measured in the photon-energy range 610 eV to 670 eV, which comprises the threshold for iodine 3d ionisation. The measured ion-yield spectra show two strong and broad resonance features due to the excitation of the 3d3/2,5/2 electrons into εf states similar to atomic iodine. In the 3d pre-edge range, electrons are excited into molecular orbitals consisting of iodine, carbon, and hydrogen atomic orbitals. These transitions have been identified by comparison with literature data and by simulations using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) with the KMLYP functional. The ion-yield spectrum for CH3I+ resembles the spectrum of IH+ [Klumpp et al., Phys. Rev. A, 2018, 97, 033401] because the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) of the H and CH3 fragments both contain a single vacancy, only. For the molecular cations with higher number of vacancies in the valence molecular orbitals CHxI+ (x = 0-2), a stronger hybridisation of the molecular orbitals occurs between the organic fragment and the iodine resulting in a change of bonding from a single σ bond in CH3I+ to a triple bond including two π orbitals in CI+. This is reflected in the resonance energies of the observed absorption lines below the iodine 3d excitation threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Schubert
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander A Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Karolin Mertens
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jan O Schunck
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schippers
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, I. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Alfred Müller
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Leihgesterner Weg 217, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Sadia Bari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Klumpp
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Martins
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
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42
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Inhester L, Li Z, Zhu X, Medvedev N, Wolf TJA. Spectroscopic Signature of Chemical Bond Dissociation Revealed by Calculated Core-Electron Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6536-6544. [PMID: 31589459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The advent of ultrashort soft X-ray pulse sources permits the use of established gas-phase spectroscopy methods to investigate ultrafast photochemistry in isolated molecules with element and site specificity. In the present study, we simulate excited-state wavepacket dynamics of a prototypical process, the ultrafast photodissociation of methyl iodide. Using the simulation, we calculate time-dependent excited-state carbon edge photoelectron and Auger electron spectra. We observe distinct signatures in both types of spectra and show their direct connection to C-I bond dissociation and charge rearrangement processes in the molecule. We demonstrate at the CH3I molecule that the observed signatures allow us to map the time-dependent dynamics of ultrafast photoinduced bond breaking with unprecedented detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , DESY , Notkestrasse 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Stanford PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Nikita Medvedev
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Science , Na Slovance 2 , 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Institute of Plasma Physics , Czech Academy of Science , Za Slovankou 4 , 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
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43
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Obaid R, Schnorr K, Wolf TJA, Takanashi T, Kling NG, Kooser K, Nagaya K, Wada SI, Fang L, Augustin S, You D, Campbell EEB, Fukuzawa H, Schulz CP, Ueda K, Lablanquie P, Pfeifer T, Kukk E, Berrah N. Photo-ionization and fragmentation of Sc 3N@C 80 following excitation above the Sc K-edge. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:104308. [PMID: 31521092 DOI: 10.1063/1.5110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the ionization and fragmentation of a metallo-endohedral fullerene, Sc3N@C80, using ultrashort (10 fs) x-ray pulses. Following selective ionization of a Sc (1s) electron (hν = 4.55 keV), an Auger cascade leads predominantly to either a vibrationally cold multiply charged parent molecule or multifragmentation of the carbon cage following a phase transition. In contrast to previous studies, no intermediate regime of C2 evaporation from the carbon cage is observed. A time-delayed, hard x-ray pulse (hν = 5.0 keV) was used to attempt to probe the electron transfer dynamics between the encapsulated Sc species and the carbon cage. A small but significant change in the intensity of Sc-containing fragment ions and coincidence counts for a delay of 100 fs compared to 0 fs, as well as an increase in the yield of small carbon fragment ions, may be indicative of incomplete charge transfer from the carbon cage on the sub-100 fs time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razib Obaid
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | | | - Thomas J A Wolf
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tsukasa Takanashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Nora G Kling
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Kuno Kooser
- Deparment of Physics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Wada
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Sven Augustin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daehyun You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Eleanor E B Campbell
- EastCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hironobu Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | | | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Pascal Lablanquie
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Edwin Kukk
- Deparment of Physics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nora Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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44
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Zheng X, Cheng L. Performance of Delta-Coupled-Cluster Methods for Calculations of Core-Ionization Energies of First-Row Elements. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4945-4955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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45
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Toyota K, Jurek Z, Son SK, Fukuzawa H, Ueda K, Berrah N, Rudek B, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Santra R. xcalib: a focal spot calibrator for intense X-ray free-electron laser pulses based on the charge state distributions of light atoms. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1017-1030. [PMID: 31274423 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The xcalib toolkit has been developed to calibrate the beam profile of an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) at the focal spot based on the experimental charge state distributions (CSDs) of light atoms. Characterization of the fluence distribution at the focal spot is essential to perform the volume integrations of physical quantities for a quantitative comparison between theoretical and experimental results, especially for fluence-dependent quantities. The use of the CSDs of light atoms is advantageous because CSDs directly reflect experimental conditions at the focal spot, and the properties of light atoms have been well established in both theory and experiment. Theoretical CSDs are obtained using xatom, a toolkit to calculate atomic electronic structure and to simulate ionization dynamics of atoms exposed to intense XFEL pulses, which involves highly excited multiple core-hole states. Employing a simple function with a few parameters, the spatial profile of an XFEL beam is determined by minimizing the difference between theoretical and experimental results. The optimization procedure employing the reinforcement learning technique can automatize and organize calibration procedures which, before, had been performed manually. xcalib has high flexibility, simultaneously combining different optimization methods, sets of charge states, and a wide range of parameter space. Hence, in combination with xatom, xcalib serves as a comprehensive tool to calibrate the fluence profile of a tightly focused XFEL beam in the interaction region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koudai Toyota
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Jurek
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sang Kil Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hironobu Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nora Berrah
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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46
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Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers provide femtosecond-duration pulses of hard X-rays with a peak brightness approximately one billion times greater than is available at synchrotron radiation facilities. One motivation for the development of such X-ray sources was the proposal to obtain structures of macromolecules, macromolecular complexes, and virus particles, without the need for crystallization, through diffraction measurements of single noncrystalline objects. Initial explorations of this idea and of outrunning radiation damage with femtosecond pulses led to the development of serial crystallography and the ability to obtain high-resolution structures of small crystals without the need for cryogenic cooling. This technique allows the understanding of conformational dynamics and enzymatics and the resolution of intermediate states in reactions over timescales of 100 fs to minutes. The promise of more photons per atom recorded in a diffraction pattern than electrons per atom contributing to an electron micrograph may enable diffraction measurements of single molecules, although challenges remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry N. Chapman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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47
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Real-time observation of X-ray-induced intramolecular and interatomic electronic decay in CH 2I 2. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2186. [PMID: 31097703 PMCID: PMC6522627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has catalyzed the development of single-object structural determination and of structural dynamics tracking in real-time. Disentangling the molecular-level reactions triggered by the interaction with an XFEL pulse is a fundamental step towards developing such applications. Here we report real-time observations of XFEL-induced electronic decay via short-lived transient electronic states in the diiodomethane molecule, using a femtosecond near-infrared probe laser. We determine the lifetimes of the transient states populated during the XFEL-induced Auger cascades and find that multiply charged iodine ions are issued from short-lived (∼20 fs) transient states, whereas the singly charged ones originate from significantly longer-lived states (∼100 fs). We identify the mechanisms behind these different time scales: contrary to the short-lived transient states which relax by molecular Auger decay, the long-lived ones decay by an interatomic Coulombic decay between two iodine atoms, during the molecular fragmentation. Understanding strong X-ray induced phenomena is important for applications of X-ray free-electron laser imaging. Here, the authors show time-resolved measurements of X-ray free-electron laser induced electronic decay of CH2I2 molecule probed with NIR pulses and identify mechanisms behind different transient states lifetimes.
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48
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Li Y, Xu S, Guo D, Jia S, Jiang X, Zhu X, Ma X. Two-body dissociation of C 3H 4 isomers investigated by 50 keV/u Ne 8+ impact. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:144311. [PMID: 30981265 DOI: 10.1063/1.5097413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragmentation of two isomers of C3H4, propyne (CH3CCH) and allene (CH2CCH2), is investigated by 50 keV/u Ne8+ impact. Obvious isomer effects are observed by comparing the time-of-flight spectra generated from the two isomers. Six two-body fragmentation channels of C3H4 2+ dications are identified for each isomer. CH2 + + C2H2 + is found to be the most favored CC bond breaking channel for both isomers, indicating that CH3CCH2+ intends to rearrange to the structure containing the CH2 group before fragmentation. For CH bond breaking channels, it is found that the CH3CCH which contains a CH3 group is more efficient for H2 + and H3 + ejection. In addition, two-body dissociation channels of C3H4 3+ trications are identified. While the H+ + C3H3 2+ channel is observed in the fragmentation of both isomers, the H2 + + C3H2 2+ channel only occurs in the fragmentation of CH3CCH3+. For CH2CCH2 3+, the peak and shoulder structures in the kinetic energy release spectrum of the H+ + C3H3 2+ channel are attributed to different geometries of the C3H3 2+ product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Li
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shenyue Xu
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dalong Guo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shaokui Jia
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaojuan Jiang
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinwen Ma
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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49
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Błachucki W, Kayser Y, Czapla-Masztafiak J, Guo M, Juranić P, Kavčič M, Källman E, Knopp G, Lundberg M, Milne C, Rehanek J, Sá J, Szlachetko J. Inception of electronic damage of matter by photon-driven post-ionization mechanisms. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:024901. [PMID: 31041363 PMCID: PMC6450797 DOI: 10.1063/1.5090332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
"Probe-before-destroy" methodology permitted diffraction and imaging measurements of intact specimens using ultrabright but highly destructive X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses. The methodology takes advantage of XFEL pulses ultrashort duration to outrun the destructive nature of the X-rays. Atomic movement, generally on the order of >50 fs, regulates the maximum pulse duration for intact specimen measurements. In this contribution, we report the electronic structure damage of a molecule with ultrashort X-ray pulses under preservation of the atoms' positions. A detailed investigation of the X-ray induced processes revealed that X-ray absorption events in the solvent produce a significant number of solvated electrons within attosecond and femtosecond timescales that are capable of coulombic interactions with the probed molecules. The presented findings show a strong influence on the experimental spectra coming from ionization of the probed atoms' surroundings leading to electronic structure modification much faster than direct absorption of photons. This work calls for consideration of this phenomenon in cases focused on samples embedded in, e.g., solutions or in matrices, which in fact concerns most of the experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Błachucki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y. Kayser
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M. Guo
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P. Juranić
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - M. Kavčič
- Jozef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - E. Källman
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G. Knopp
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - M. Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C. Milne
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - J. Rehanek
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - J. Sá
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - J. Szlachetko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
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50
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