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Vianou B, Royo J, Dechavanne S, Bertin GI, Yessoufou A, Houze S, Faucher JF, Aubouy A. Monocytes, particularly nonclassical ones, lose their opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis capacity during pediatric cerebral malaria. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358853. [PMID: 38835780 PMCID: PMC11148436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innate immunity is crucial to reducing parasite burden and contributing to survival in severe malaria. Monocytes are key actors in the innate response and, like macrophages, are plastic cells whose function and phenotype are regulated by the signals from the microenvironment. In the context of cerebral malaria (CM), monocyte response constitutes an important issue to understand. We previously demonstrated that decreased percentages of nonclassical monocytes were associated with death outcomes in CM children. In the current study, we postulated that monocyte phagocytosis function is impacted by the severity of malaria infection. Methods To study this hypothesis, we compared the opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis capacity of circulant monocytes from Beninese children with uncomplicated malaria (UM) and CM. For the CM group, samples were obtained at inclusion (D0) and 3 and 30 days after treatment (D3, D30). The phagocytosis capacity of monocytes and their subsets was characterized by flow cytometry and transcriptional profiling by studying genes known for their functional implication in infected-red blood cell (iRBC) elimination or immune escape. Results Our results confirm our hypothesis and highlight the higher capacity of nonclassical monocytes to phagocyte iRBC. We also confirm that a low number of nonclassical monocytes is associated with CM outcome when compared to UM, suggesting a mobilization of this subpopulation to the cerebral inflammatory site. Finally, our results suggest the implication of the inhibitory receptors LILRB1, LILRB2, and Tim3 in phagocytosis control. Discussion Taken together, these data provide a better understanding of the interplay between monocytes and malaria infection in the pathogenicity of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertin Vianou
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
- Clinical Research Institute of Benin (IRCB), Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Jade Royo
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Dechavanne
- UMR261 Mère et Enfant en Milieu tropical (MERIT), Université Paris Cité, IRD, Paris, France
| | - Gwladys I Bertin
- UMR261 Mère et Enfant en Milieu tropical (MERIT), Université Paris Cité, IRD, Paris, France
| | - Akadiri Yessoufou
- Cell Biology and Physiology Laboratory, Abomey Calavi University (UAC), Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Sandrine Houze
- UMR261 Mère et Enfant en Milieu tropical (MERIT), Université Paris Cité, IRD, Paris, France
- French Malaria Reference Center, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
- Parasitology Laboratory, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Faucher
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1094 EpiMaCT, Inserm, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Agnes Aubouy
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
- Clinical Research Institute of Benin (IRCB), Abomey Calavi, Benin
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Hirayasu K, Khor SS, Kawai Y, Shimada M, Omae Y, Hasegawa G, Hashikawa Y, Tanimoto H, Ohashi J, Hosomichi K, Tajima A, Nakamura H, Nakamura M, Tokunaga K, Hanayama R, Nagasaki M. Identification of the hybrid gene LILRB5-3 by long-read sequencing and implication of its novel signaling function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1398935. [PMID: 38807600 PMCID: PMC11130398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1398935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILRs) on human chromosome 19q13.4 encode 11 immunoglobulin superfamily receptors, exhibiting genetic diversity within and between human populations. Among the LILR genes, the genomic region surrounding LILRB3 and LILRA6 has yet to be fully characterized due to their significant sequence homology, which makes it difficult to differentiate between them. To examine the LILRB3 and LILRA6 genomic region, a tool named JoGo-LILR CN Caller, which can call copy number from short-read whole genome sequencing (srWGS) data, was applied to an extensive international srWGS dataset comprising 2,504 samples. During this process, a previously unreported loss of both LILRB3 and LILRA6 was detected in three samples. Using long-read sequencing of these samples, we have discovered a novel large deletion (33,692 bp) in the LILRB3 and LILRA6 genomic regions in the Japanese population. This deletion spanned three genes, LILRB3, LILRA6, and LILRB5, resulting in LILRB3 exons 12-13 being located immediately downstream of LILRB5 exons 1-12 with the loss of LILRA6, suggesting the potential expression of a hybrid gene between LILRB5 and LILRB3 (LILRB5-3). Transcription and subsequent translation of the LILRB5-3 hybrid gene were also verified. The hybrid junction was located within the intracellular domain, resulting in an LILRB5 extracellular domain fused to a partial LILRB3 intracellular domain with three immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs), suggesting that LILRB5-3 acquired a novel signaling function. Further application of the JoGo-LILR tool to srWGS samples suggested the presence of the LILRB5-3 hybrid gene in the CEU population. Our findings provide insight into the genetic and functional diversity of the LILR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouyuki Hirayasu
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Seik-Soon Khor
- Genome Medical Science Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Genome Medical Science Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Shimada
- Genome Medical Science Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Omae
- Genome Medical Science Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Hasegawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashikawa
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiromu Tanimoto
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jun Ohashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
- Department of Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Omura, Japan
- Headquarters of Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) Research in NHO Study Group for Liver Disease in Japan (NHOSLJ), Clinical Research Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Genome Medical Science Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rikinari Hanayama
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Chen Y, Zeng Z, Chen Z, Yuan N, Ye X, Zhang C, Xia N, Luo W. A new mechanism of antibody diversity: formation of the natural antibodies containing LAIR1 and LILRB1 extracellular domains. Antib Ther 2024; 7:157-163. [PMID: 38933531 PMCID: PMC11200687 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of public antibodies targeting Plasmodium falciparum-encoded repetitive interspersed families of polypeptides (RIFINs), which contain extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains from LAIR1 or LILRB1, constitutes a significant step forward in comprehending the reactivity of the Plasmodium parasite. These antibodies arise from unique B cell clones and demonstrate extensive cross-reactivity through their interaction with P. falciparum RIFINs. LAIR1 and LILRBs are specialized type I transmembrane glycoproteins, classified as immune inhibitory receptors, restricted to primates and mainly found on hematopoietic cells. They are instrumental in modulating interactions within the tumor microenvironment and across the immune system, and are increasingly recognized as important in anti-cancer immunotherapy and pathogen defense. The presence of LAIR1/LILRB1-containing antibodies offers new insights into malaria parasite evasion strategies and the immune system's response. Additionally, the innovative method of integrating extra exons into the antibody switch region is a noteworthy advancement, enriching the strategies for the generation of a varied array of bispecific and multispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiren Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ziyou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Na Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xinya Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Jiang Y, Chen X, Ye X, Wen C, Xu T, Yu C, Ning W, Wang G, Xiang X, Liu X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Shi C, Liu C, Yuan Q, Chen Y, Zhang T, Luo W, Xia N. A Dual-domain Engineered Antibody for Efficient HBV Suppression and Immune Responses Restoration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305316. [PMID: 38342604 PMCID: PMC11022716 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major public health concern because of the inefficiency of currently approved therapies in clearing the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Antibody-based regimens have demonstrated potency regarding virus neutralization and HBsAg clearance. However, high dosages or frequent dosing are required for virologic control. In this study, a dual-domain-engineered anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapeutic antibody 73-DY is developed that exhibits significantly improved efficacy regarding both serum and intrahepatic viral clearance. In HBV-tolerant mice, administration of a single dose of 73-DY at 2 mg kg-1 is sufficient to reduce serum HBsAg by over 3 log10 IU mL-1 and suppress HBsAg to < 100 IU mL-1 for two weeks, demonstrating a dose-lowering advantage of at least tenfold. Furthermore, 10 mg kg-1 of 73-DY sustainably suppressed serum viral levels to undetectable levels for ≈ 2 weeks. Molecular analyses indicate that the improved efficacy exhibited by 73-DY is attributable to the synergy between fragment antigen binding (Fab) and fragment crystallizable (Fc) engineering, which conferred sustained viral suppression and robust viral eradication, respectively. Long-term immunotherapy with reverse chimeric 73-DY facilitated the restoration of anti-HBV immune responses. This study provides a foundation for the development of next-generation antibody-based CHB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Xinya Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Can Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Guosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Xinchu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesNational Innovation Platform for Industry‐Education Integration in Vaccine ResearchSchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Yalin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Changrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesNational Innovation Platform for Industry‐Education Integration in Vaccine ResearchSchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesNational Innovation Platform for Industry‐Education Integration in Vaccine ResearchSchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Yixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthSchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious DiseasesCenter for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineXiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102P.R. China
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Ponce-Cusi R, Bravo L, Paez KJ, Pinto JA, Pilco-Ferreto N. Host-Pathogen Interaction: Biology and Public Health. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2751:3-18. [PMID: 38265706 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3617-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between host and pathogenic microorganisms are common in nature and have a significant impact on host health, often leading to several types of infections. These interactions have evolved as a result of the ongoing battle between the host's defense mechanisms and the pathogens' invasion strategies. In this chapter, we will explore the evolution of host-pathogen interactions, explore their molecular mechanisms, examine the different stages of interaction, and discuss the development of pharmacological treatments. Understanding these interactions is crucial for improving public health, as it enables us to develop effective strategies to prevent and control infectious diseases. By gaining insights into the intricate dynamics between pathogens and their hosts, we can work towards reducing the burden of such diseases on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ponce-Cusi
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua, Peru.
| | - Leny Bravo
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - Kevin J Paez
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana - Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru
| | - Joseph A Pinto
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana - Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru
| | - Nesstor Pilco-Ferreto
- Unidad de Posgrado. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
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Walker IS, Rogerson SJ. Pathogenicity and virulence of malaria: Sticky problems and tricky solutions. Virulence 2023; 14:2150456. [PMID: 36419237 PMCID: PMC9815252 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2150456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause over 600,000 deaths each year, concentrated in Africa and in young children, but much of the world's population remain at risk of infection. In this article, we review the latest developments in the immunogenicity and pathogenesis of malaria, with a particular focus on P. falciparum, the leading malaria killer. Pathogenic factors include parasite-derived toxins and variant surface antigens on infected erythrocytes that mediate sequestration in the deep vasculature. Host response to parasite toxins and to variant antigens is an important determinant of disease severity. Understanding how parasites sequester, and how antibody to variant antigens could prevent sequestration, may lead to new approaches to treat and prevent disease. Difficulties in malaria diagnosis, drug resistance, and specific challenges of treating P. vivax pose challenges to malaria elimination, but vaccines and other preventive strategies may offer improved disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel S Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Redondo-García S, Barritt C, Papagregoriou C, Yeboah M, Frendeus B, Cragg MS, Roghanian A. Human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1282874. [PMID: 38022598 PMCID: PMC10679719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1282874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILR) are a family of 11 innate immunomodulatory receptors, primarily expressed on lymphoid and myeloid cells. LILRs are either activating (LILRA) or inhibitory (LILRB) depending on their associated signalling domains (D). With the exception of the soluble LILRA3, LILRAs mediate immune activation, while LILRB1-5 primarily inhibit immune responses and mediate tolerance. Abnormal expression and function of LILRs is associated with a range of pathologies, including immune insufficiency (infection and malignancy) and overt immune responses (autoimmunity and alloresponses), suggesting LILRs may be excellent candidates for targeted immunotherapies. This review will discuss the biology and clinical relevance of this extensive family of immune receptors and will summarise the recent developments in targeting LILRs in disease settings, such as cancer, with an update on the clinical trials investigating the therapeutic targeting of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Redondo-García
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Barritt
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Lister Department of General Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Charys Papagregoriou
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Muchaala Yeboah
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Frendeus
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- BioInvent International AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Roghanian
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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8
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Davies H, Belda H, Broncel M, Dalimot J, Treeck M. PerTurboID, a targeted in situ method reveals the impact of kinase deletion on its local protein environment in the cytoadhesion complex of malaria-causing parasites. eLife 2023; 12:e86367. [PMID: 37737226 PMCID: PMC10564455 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reverse genetics is key to understanding protein function, but the mechanistic connection between a gene of interest and the observed phenotype is not always clear. Here we describe the use of proximity labeling using TurboID and site-specific quantification of biotinylated peptides to measure changes to the local protein environment of selected targets upon perturbation. We apply this technique, which we call PerTurboID, to understand how the Plasmodium falciparum-exported kinase, FIKK4.1, regulates the function of the major virulence factor of the malaria-causing parasite, PfEMP1. We generated independent TurboID fusions of two proteins that are predicted substrates of FIKK4.1 in a FIKK4.1 conditional KO parasite line. Comparing the abundance of site-specific biotinylated peptides between wildtype and kinase deletion lines reveals the differential accessibility of proteins to biotinylation, indicating changes to localization, protein-protein interactions, or protein structure which are mediated by FIKK4.1 activity. We further show that FIKK4.1 is likely the only FIKK kinase that controls surface levels of PfEMP1, but not other surface antigens, on the infected red blood cell under standard culture conditions. We believe PerTurboID is broadly applicable to study the impact of genetic or environmental perturbation on a selected cellular niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heledd Davies
- Signalling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hugo Belda
- Signalling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Broncel
- Signalling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jill Dalimot
- Signalling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Moritz Treeck
- Signalling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Cell Biology of Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Gulbenkian Institute of ScienceOeirasPortugal
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9
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Zeller T, Münnich IA, Windisch R, Hilger P, Schewe DM, Humpe A, Kellner C. Perspectives of targeting LILRB1 in innate and adaptive immune checkpoint therapy of cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240275. [PMID: 37781391 PMCID: PMC10533923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is a compelling approach in tumor immunotherapy. Blocking inhibitory pathways in T cells has demonstrated clinical efficacy in different types of cancer and may hold potential to also stimulate innate immune responses. A novel emerging potential target for immune checkpoint therapy is leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (LILRB1). LILRB1 belongs to the superfamily of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors and exerts inhibitory functions. The receptor is expressed by a variety of immune cells including macrophages as well as certain cytotoxic lymphocytes and contributes to the regulation of different immune responses by interaction with classical as well as non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. LILRB1 has gained increasing attention as it has been demonstrated to function as a phagocytosis checkpoint on macrophages by recognizing HLA class I, which represents a 'Don't Eat Me!' signal that impairs phagocytic uptake of cancer cells, similar to CD47. The specific blockade of the HLA class I:LILRB1 axis may provide an option to promote phagocytosis by macrophages and also to enhance cytotoxic functions of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Currently, LILRB1 specific antibodies are in different stages of pre-clinical and clinical development. In this review, we introduce LILRB1 and highlight the features that make this immune checkpoint a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Zeller
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ira A. Münnich
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Windisch
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia Hilger
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis M. Schewe
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kellner
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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10
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D'Ambrosio HK, Keeler AM, Derbyshire ER. Examination of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis in Apicomplexa. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300263. [PMID: 37171468 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural product discovery has traditionally relied on the isolation of small molecules from producing species, but genome-sequencing technology and advances in molecular biology techniques have expanded efforts to a wider array of organisms. Protists represent an underexplored kingdom for specialized metabolite searches despite bioinformatic analysis that suggests they harbor distinct biologically active small molecules. Specifically, pathogenic apicomplexan parasites, responsible for billions of global infections, have been found to possess multiple biosynthetic gene clusters, which hints at their capacity to produce polyketide metabolites. Biochemical studies have revealed unique features of apicomplexan polyketide synthases, but to date, the identity and function of the polyketides synthesized by these megaenzymes remains unknown. Herein, we discuss the potential for specialized metabolite production in protists and the possible evolution of polyketide biosynthetic gene clusters in apicomplexan parasites. We then focus on a polyketide synthase from the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii to discuss the unique domain architecture and properties of these proteins when compared to previously characterized systems, and further speculate on the possible functions for polyketides in these pathogenic parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K D'Ambrosio
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aaron M Keeler
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Emily R Derbyshire
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 213 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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11
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Naito R, Ohmura K, Higuchi S, Nakai W, Kohyama M, Mimori T, Morinobu A, Arase H. Positive and negative regulation of the Fcγ receptor-stimulating activity of RNA-containing immune complexes by RNase. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167799. [PMID: 37432743 PMCID: PMC10543717 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The U1RNP complex, Ro/SSA, and La/SSB are major RNA-containing autoantigens. Immune complexes (ICs) composed of RNA-containing autoantigens and autoantibodies are suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of some systemic autoimmune diseases. Therefore, RNase treatment, which degrades RNA in ICs, has been tested in clinical trials as a potential therapeutic agent. However, no studies to our knowledge have specifically evaluated the effect of RNase treatment on the Fcγ receptor-stimulating (FcγR-stimulating) activity of RNA-containing ICs. In this study, using a reporter system that specifically detects FcγR-stimulating capacity, we investigated the effect of RNase treatment on the FcγR-stimulating activity of RNA-containing ICs composed of autoantigens and autoantibodies from patients with systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. We found that RNase enhanced the FcγR-stimulating activity of Ro/SSA- and La/SSB-containing ICs, but attenuated that of the U1RNP complex-containing ICs. RNase decreased autoantibody binding to the U1RNP complex, but increased autoantibody binding to Ro/SSA and La/SSB. Our results suggest that RNase enhances FcγR activation by promoting the formation of ICs containing Ro/SSA or La/SSB. Our study provides insights into the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases involving anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibodies, and into the therapeutic application of RNase treatment for systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Naito
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuhei Higuchi
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakai
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Kohyama
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), and
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), and
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Hassan I, Kanoi BN, Nagaoka H, Sattabongkot J, Udomsangpetch R, Tsuboi T, Takashima E. High-Throughput Antibody Profiling Identifies Targets of Protective Immunity against P. falciparum Malaria in Thailand. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1267. [PMID: 37627332 PMCID: PMC10452476 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria poses a significant global health challenge, resulting in approximately 600,000 deaths each year. Individuals living in regions with endemic malaria have the potential to develop partial immunity, thanks in part to the presence of anti-plasmodium antibodies. As efforts are made to optimize and implement strategies to reduce malaria transmission and ultimately eliminate the disease, it is crucial to understand how these interventions impact naturally acquired protective immunity. To shed light on this, our study focused on assessing antibody responses to a carefully curated library of P. falciparum recombinant proteins (n = 691) using samples collected from individuals residing in a low-malaria-transmission region of Thailand. We conducted the antibody assays using the AlphaScreen system, a high-throughput homogeneous proximity-based bead assay that detects protein interactions. We observed that out of the 691 variable surface and merozoite stage proteins included in the library, antibodies to 268 antigens significantly correlated with the absence of symptomatic malaria in an univariate analysis. Notably, the most prominent antigens identified were P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) domains. These results align with our previous research conducted in Uganda, suggesting that similar antigens like PfEMP1s might play a pivotal role in determining infection outcomes in diverse populations. To further our understanding, it remains critical to conduct functional characterization of these identified proteins, exploring their potential as correlates of protection or as targets for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifra Hassan
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; (I.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Bernard N. Kanoi
- Centre for Malaria Elimination, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Mount Kenya University, Thika 01000, Kenya;
| | - Hikaru Nagaoka
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; (I.H.); (H.N.)
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rachanee Udomsangpetch
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan;
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; (I.H.); (H.N.)
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13
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Raghavan M, Kalantar KL, Duarte E, Teyssier N, Takahashi S, Kung AF, Rajan JV, Rek J, Tetteh KKA, Drakeley C, Ssewanyana I, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Greenhouse B, DeRisi JL. Antibodies to repeat-containing antigens in Plasmodium falciparum are exposure-dependent and short-lived in children in natural malaria infections. eLife 2023; 12:e81401. [PMID: 36790168 PMCID: PMC10005774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protection against Plasmodium falciparum, which is primarily antibody-mediated, requires recurrent exposure to develop. The study of both naturally acquired limited immunity and vaccine induced protection against malaria remains critical for ongoing eradication efforts. Towards this goal, we deployed a customized P. falciparum PhIP-seq T7 phage display library containing 238,068 tiled 62-amino acid peptides, covering all known coding regions, including antigenic variants, to systematically profile antibody targets in 198 Ugandan children and adults from high and moderate transmission settings. Repeat elements - short amino acid sequences repeated within a protein - were significantly enriched in antibody targets. While breadth of responses to repeat-containing peptides was twofold higher in children living in the high versus moderate exposure setting, no such differences were observed for peptides without repeats, suggesting that antibody responses to repeat-containing regions may be more exposure dependent and/or less durable in children than responses to regions without repeats. Additionally, short motifs associated with seroreactivity were extensively shared among hundreds of antigens, potentially representing cross-reactive epitopes. PfEMP1 shared motifs with the greatest number of other antigens, partly driven by the diversity of PfEMP1 sequences. These data suggest that the large number of repeat elements and potential cross-reactive epitopes found within antigenic regions of P. falciparum could contribute to the inefficient nature of malaria immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Raghavan
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Elias Duarte
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Noam Teyssier
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Saki Takahashi
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Andrew F Kung
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jayant V Rajan
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - John Rek
- Infectious Diseases Research CollaborationKampalaUganda
| | - Kevin KA Tetteh
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Chris Drakeley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Isaac Ssewanyana
- Infectious Diseases Research CollaborationKampalaUganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
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14
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Ebel ER, Kim BY, McDew-White M, Egan ES, Anderson TJC, Petrov DA. Antigenic diversity in malaria parasites is maintained on extrachromosomal DNA. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.02.526885. [PMID: 36778235 PMCID: PMC9915586 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sequence variation among antigenic var genes enables Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites to evade host immunity. Using long sequence reads from haploid clones from a mutation accumulation experiment, we detect var diversity inconsistent with simple chromosomal inheritance. We discover putatively circular DNA that is strongly enriched for var genes, which exist in multiple alleles per locus separated by recombination and indel events. Extrachromosomal DNA likely contributes to rapid antigenic diversification in P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Ebel
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bernard Y Kim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marina McDew-White
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Present address: Host Pathogen Interaction Program, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Egan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J C Anderson
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dmitri A Petrov
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Ty M, Sun S, Callaway PC, Rek J, Press KD, van der Ploeg K, Nideffer J, Hu Z, Klemm S, Greenleaf W, Donato M, Tukwasibwe S, Arinaitwe E, Nankya F, Musinguzi K, Andrew D, de la Parte L, Mori DM, Lewis SN, Takahashi S, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Greenhouse B, Blish C, Utz PJ, Khatri P, Dorsey G, Kamya M, Boyle M, Feeney M, Ssewanyana I, Jagannathan P. Malaria-driven expansion of adaptive-like functional CD56-negative NK cells correlates with clinical immunity to malaria. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd9012. [PMID: 36696483 PMCID: PMC9976268 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add9012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells likely play an important role in immunity to malaria, but the effect of repeated malaria on NK cell responses remains unclear. Here, we comprehensively profiled the NK cell response in a cohort of 264 Ugandan children. Repeated malaria exposure was associated with expansion of an atypical, CD56neg population of NK cells that differed transcriptionally, epigenetically, and phenotypically from CD56dim NK cells, including decreased expression of PLZF and the Fc receptor γ-chain, increased histone methylation, and increased protein expression of LAG-3, KIR, and LILRB1. CD56neg NK cells were highly functional and displayed greater antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity than CD56dim NK cells. Higher frequencies of CD56neg NK cells were associated with protection against symptomatic malaria and high parasite densities. After marked reductions in malaria transmission, frequencies of these cells rapidly declined, suggesting that continuous exposure to Plasmodium falciparum is required to maintain this modified, adaptive-like NK cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Ty
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shenghuan Sun
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Perri C Callaway
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Rek
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Jason Nideffer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zicheng Hu
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sandy Klemm
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Michele Donato
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dean Andrew
- Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Saki Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Moses Kamya
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michelle Boyle
- Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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16
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Chandley P, Ranjan R, Kumar S, Rohatgi S. Host-parasite interactions during Plasmodium infection: Implications for immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1091961. [PMID: 36685595 PMCID: PMC9845897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1091961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a global infectious disease that remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Multiple environmental and host and parasite factors govern the clinical outcomes of malaria. The host immune response against the Plasmodium parasite is heterogenous and stage-specific both in the human host and mosquito vector. The Plasmodium parasite virulence is predominantly associated with its ability to evade the host's immune response. Despite the availability of drug-based therapies, Plasmodium parasites can acquire drug resistance due to high antigenic variations and allelic polymorphisms. The lack of licensed vaccines against Plasmodium infection necessitates the development of effective, safe and successful therapeutics. To design an effective vaccine, it is important to study the immune evasion strategies and stage-specific Plasmodium proteins, which are targets of the host immune response. This review provides an overview of the host immune defense mechanisms and parasite immune evasion strategies during Plasmodium infection. Furthermore, we also summarize and discuss the current progress in various anti-malarial vaccine approaches, along with antibody-based therapy involving monoclonal antibodies, and research advancements in host-directed therapy, which can together open new avenues for developing novel immunotherapies against malaria infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chandley
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Ravikant Ranjan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Soma Rohatgi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India,*Correspondence: Soma Rohatgi,
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17
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Richie TL, Church LWP, Murshedkar T, Billingsley PF, James ER, Chen MC, Abebe Y, KC N, Chakravarty S, Dolberg D, Healy SA, Diawara H, Sissoko MS, Sagara I, Cook DM, Epstein JE, Mordmüller B, Kapulu M, Kreidenweiss A, Franke-Fayard B, Agnandji ST, López Mikue MSA, McCall MBB, Steinhardt L, Oneko M, Olotu A, Vaughan AM, Kublin JG, Murphy SC, Jongo S, Tanner M, Sirima SB, Laurens MB, Daubenberger C, Silva JC, Lyke KE, Janse CJ, Roestenberg M, Sauerwein RW, Abdulla S, Dicko A, Kappe SHI, Lee Sim BK, Duffy PE, Kremsner PG, Hoffman SL. Sporozoite immunization: innovative translational science to support the fight against malaria. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:964-1007. [PMID: 37571809 PMCID: PMC10949369 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2245890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria, a devastating febrile illness caused by protozoan parasites, sickened 247,000,000 people in 2021 and killed 619,000, mostly children and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. A highly effective vaccine is urgently needed, especially for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), the deadliest human malaria parasite. AREAS COVERED Sporozoites (SPZ), the parasite stage transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes to humans, are the only vaccine immunogen achieving >90% efficacy against Pf infection. This review describes >30 clinical trials of PfSPZ vaccines in the U.S.A., Europe, Africa, and Asia, based on first-hand knowledge of the trials and PubMed searches of 'sporozoites,' 'malaria,' and 'vaccines.' EXPERT OPINION First generation (radiation-attenuated) PfSPZ vaccines are safe, well tolerated, 80-100% efficacious against homologous controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) and provide 18-19 months protection without boosting in Africa. Second generation chemo-attenuated PfSPZ are more potent, 100% efficacious against stringent heterologous (variant strain) CHMI, but require a co-administered drug, raising safety concerns. Third generation, late liver stage-arresting, replication competent (LARC), genetically-attenuated PfSPZ are expected to be both safe and highly efficacious. Overall, PfSPZ vaccines meet safety, tolerability, and efficacy requirements for protecting pregnant women and travelers exposed to Pf in Africa, with licensure for these populations possible within 5 years. Protecting children and mass vaccination programs to block transmission and eliminate malaria are long-term objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara A. Healy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Halimatou Diawara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou S. Sissoko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - David M. Cook
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judith E. Epstein
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melissa Kapulu
- Biosciences Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute KEMRI-Wellcome Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Kreidenweiss
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Selidji T. Agnandji
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | - Matthew B. B. McCall
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Laura Steinhardt
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martina Oneko
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ally Olotu
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Ashley M. Vaughan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James G. Kublin
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean C. Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Said Jongo
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthew B. Laurens
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joana C. Silva
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten E. Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris J. Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W. Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Salim Abdulla
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Stefan H. I. Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Patrick E. Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
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18
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Real E, Nardella F, Scherf A, Mancio-Silva L. Repurposing of Plasmodium falciparum var genes beyond the blood stage. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 70:102207. [PMID: 36183663 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A commonly observed survival strategy in protozoan parasites is the sequential expression of clonally variant-surface antigens to avoid elimination by the host's immune response. In malaria-causing P. falciparum, the immunovariant erythrocyte-membrane protein-1 (PfEMP1) adhesin family, encoded by var genes, is responsible for both antigenic variation and cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to the microvasculature. Until recently, the biological function of these variant genes was believed to be restricted to intraerythrocytic developmental stages. With the advent of new technologies, var gene expression has been confirmed in transmission and pre-erythrocytic stages. Here, we discuss how repurposing of var gene expression beyond chronic blood-stage infection may be critical for successful transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Real
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1201, CNRS EMR9195, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Flore Nardella
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1201, CNRS EMR9195, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Artur Scherf
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1201, CNRS EMR9195, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France.
| | - Liliana Mancio-Silva
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1201, CNRS EMR9195, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France.
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19
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Xie J, Gui X, Deng M, Chen H, Chen Y, Liu X, Ku Z, Tan L, Huang R, He Y, Zhang B, Lewis C, Chen K, Xu L, Xu J, Huang T, Liao XC, Zhang N, An Z, Zhang CC. Blocking LAIR1 signaling in immune cells inhibits tumor development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996026. [PMID: 36211388 PMCID: PMC9534319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The current immune checkpoint blockade therapy has been successful in treating some cancers but not others. New molecular targets and therapeutic approaches of cancer immunology need to be identified. Leukocyte associated immunoglobulin like receptor 1 (LAIR1) is an immune inhibitory receptor expressing on most immune cell types. However, it remains a question whether we can specifically and actively block LAIR1 signaling to activate immune responses for cancer treatment. Here we report the development of specific antagonistic anti-LAIR1 monoclonal antibodies and studied the effects of LAIR1 blockade on the anti-tumor immune functions. The anti-LAIR1 antagonistic antibody stimulated the activities of T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in vitro. The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of intratumoral immune cells in syngeneic human LAIR1 transgenic mice treated with control or anti-LAIR1 antagonist antibodies indicates that LAIR1 signaling blockade increased the numbers of CD4 memory T cells and inflammatory macrophages, but decreased those of pro-tumor macrophages, regulatory T cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Importantly, the LAIR1 blockade by the antagonistic antibody inhibited the activity of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and reactivated T cells from cancer patients in vitro and impeded tumor metastasis in a humanized mouse model. Blocking LAIR1 signaling in immune cells represents a promising strategy for development of anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xie
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Xun Gui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Heyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Ku
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lingxiao Tan
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ryan Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yubo He
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Bruce Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kenian Chen
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jian Xu
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Tao Huang
- Immune-Onc Therapeutics, Inc, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Zhiqiang An, ; Cheng Cheng Zhang,
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Zhiqiang An, ; Cheng Cheng Zhang,
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20
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Lee WC, Russell B, Rénia L. Evolving perspectives on rosetting in malaria. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:882-889. [PMID: 36031553 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the intraerythrocytic Plasmodium spp. to form spontaneous rosettes with uninfected red blood cells (URBCs) has been observed in the medically important malaria parasites. Since the discovery of rosettes in the late 1980s, different formation mechanisms and pathobiological roles have been postulated for rosetting; most of which have focused on Plasmodium falciparum. Recent breakthroughs, including new data from Plasmodium vivax, have highlighted the multifaceted roles of rosetting in the immunopathobiology and the development of drug resistance in human malaria. Here, we provide new perspectives on the formation and the role of rosetting in malaria rheopathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenn-Chyau Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Bruce Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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21
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Pohl K, Cockburn IA. Innate immunity to malaria: The good, the bad and the unknown. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914598. [PMID: 36059493 PMCID: PMC9437427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is the cause of 600.000 deaths annually. However, these deaths represent only a tiny fraction of total malaria cases. Repeated natural infections with the causative agent, Plasmodium sp. parasites, induce protection from severe disease but not sterile immunity. Thus, immunity to Plasmodium is incomplete. Conversely, immunization with attenuated sporozoite stage parasites can induce sterile immunity albeit after multiple vaccinations. These different outcomes are likely to be influenced strongly by the innate immune response to different stages of the parasite lifecycle. Even small numbers of sporozoites can induce a robust proinflammatory type I interferon response, which is believed to be driven by the sensing of parasite RNA. Moreover, induction of innate like gamma-delta cells contributes to the development of adaptive immune responses. Conversely, while blood stage parasites can induce a strong proinflammatory response, regulatory mechanisms are also triggered. In agreement with this, intact parasites are relatively weakly sensed by innate immune cells, but isolated parasite molecules, notably DNA and RNA can induce strong responses. Thus, the innate response to Plasmodium parasite likely represents a trade-off between strong pro-inflammatory responses that may potentiate immunity and regulatory processes that protect the host from cytokine storms that can induce life threatening illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pohl
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ian A. Cockburn
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ian A. Cockburn,
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22
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Okagu IU, Ezeorba TPC, Aguchem RN, Ohanenye IC, Aham EC, Okafor SN, Bollati C, Lammi C. A Review on the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Natural Products in Preventing Bone Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158468. [PMID: 35955603 PMCID: PMC9368769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The drugs used for treating bone diseases (BDs), at present, elicit hazardous side effects that include certain types of cancers and strokes, hence the ongoing quest for the discovery of alternatives with little or no side effects. Natural products (NPs), mainly of plant origin, have shown compelling promise in the treatments of BDs, with little or no side effects. However, the paucity in knowledge of the mechanisms behind their activities on bone remodeling has remained a hindrance to NPs’ adoption. This review discusses the pathological development of some BDs, the NP-targeted components, and the actions exerted on bone remodeling signaling pathways (e.g., Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κ B-ligand (RANKL)/monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)/osteoprotegerin (OPG), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)s/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2)-Wnt/β-catenin, PhosphatidylInositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK3β), and other signaling pathways). Although majority of the studies on the osteoprotective properties of NPs against BDs were conducted ex vivo and mostly on animals, the use of NPs for treating human BDs and the prospects for future development remain promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent U. Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (T.P.C.E.); (R.N.A.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Timothy P. C. Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (T.P.C.E.); (R.N.A.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Rita N. Aguchem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (T.P.C.E.); (R.N.A.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Ikenna C. Ohanenye
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Emmanuel C. Aham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (T.P.C.E.); (R.N.A.); (E.C.A.)
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Sunday N. Okafor
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5031-9372
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23
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Ng KW, Faulkner N, Finsterbusch K, Wu M, Harvey R, Hussain S, Greco M, Liu Y, Kjaer S, Swanton C, Gandhi S, Beale R, Gamblin SJ, Cherepanov P, McCauley J, Daniels R, Howell M, Arase H, Wack A, Bauer DLV, Kassiotis G. SARS-CoV-2 S2-targeted vaccination elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn3715. [PMID: 35895836 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although antibody cross-reactivity with the spike glycoproteins (S) of diverse coronaviruses, including endemic common cold coronaviruses (HCoVs), has been documented, it remains unclear whether such antibody responses, typically targeting the conserved S2 subunit, contribute to protection when induced by infection or through vaccination. Using a mouse model, we found that prior HCoV-OC43 S-targeted immunity primes neutralizing antibody responses to otherwise subimmunogenic SARS-CoV-2 S exposure and promotes S2-targeting antibody responses. Moreover, vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 S2 elicited antibodies in mice that neutralized diverse animal and human alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses in vitro and provided a degree of protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in vivo. Last, in mice with a history of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-based S vaccination, further S2 vaccination induced broader neutralizing antibody response than booster Wuhan S vaccination, suggesting that it may prevent repertoire focusing caused by repeated homologous vaccination. These data establish the protective value of an S2-targeting vaccine and support the notion that S2 vaccination may better prepare the immune system to respond to the changing nature of the S1 subunit in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, as well as to future coronavirus zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Ng
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nikhil Faulkner
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Katja Finsterbusch
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mary Wu
- High Throughput Screening STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Saira Hussain
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Maria Greco
- RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Yafei Liu
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Svend Kjaer
- Structural Biology STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Neurodegradation Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steve J Gamblin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin structure and mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - John McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rodney Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David L V Bauer
- RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
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24
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Chew M, Ye W, Omelianczyk RI, Pasaje CF, Hoo R, Chen Q, Niles JC, Chen J, Preiser P. Selective expression of variant surface antigens enables Plasmodium falciparum to evade immune clearance in vivo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4067. [PMID: 35831417 PMCID: PMC9279368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum has developed extensive mechanisms to evade host immune clearance. Currently, most of our understanding is based on in vitro studies of individual parasite variant surface antigens and how this relates to the processes in vivo is not well-understood. Here, we have used a humanized mouse model to identify parasite factors important for in vivo growth. We show that upregulation of the specific PfEMP1, VAR2CSA, provides the parasite with protection from macrophage phagocytosis and clearance in the humanized mice. Furthermore, parasites adapted to thrive in the humanized mice show reduced NK cell-mediated killing through interaction with the immune inhibitory receptor, LILRB1. Taken together, these findings reveal new insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms that the parasite utilizes to coordinate immune escape in vivo. Identification and targeting of these specific parasite variant surface antigens crucial for immune evasion provides a unique approach for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Chew
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weijian Ye
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Charisse Flerida Pasaje
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Regina Hoo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB101SA, UK
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Humanized Mouse Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacquin C Niles
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Peter Preiser
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore.
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25
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Dechavanne C, Nouatin O, Adamou R, Edslev S, Hansen A, Meurisse F, Sadissou I, Gbaguidi E, Milet J, Cottrell G, Gineau L, Sabbagh A, Massougbodji A, Moutairou K, Donadi EA, Carosella ED, Moreau P, Remarque E, Theisen M, Rouas-Freiss N, Garcia A, Favier B, Courtin D. Placental Malaria is Associated with Higher LILRB2 Expression in Monocyte Subsets and Lower Anti-Malarial IgG Antibodies During Infancy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909831. [PMID: 35911674 PMCID: PMC9326509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Placental malaria (PM) is associated with a higher susceptibility of infants to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria. A hypothesis of immune tolerance has been suggested but no clear explanation has been provided so far. Our goal was to investigate the involvement of inhibitory receptors LILRB1 and LILRB2, known to drive immune evasion upon ligation with pathogen and/or host ligands, in PM-induced immune tolerance. Method Infants of women with or without PM were enrolled in Allada, southern Benin, and followed-up for 24 months. Antibodies with specificity for five blood stage parasite antigens were quantified by ELISA, and the frequency of immune cell subsets was quantified by flow cytometry. LILRB1 or LILRB2 expression was assessed on cells collected at 18 and 24 months of age. Findings Infants born to women with PM had a higher risk of developing symptomatic malaria than those born to women without PM (IRR=1.53, p=0.040), and such infants displayed a lower frequency of non-classical monocytes (OR=0.74, p=0.01) that overexpressed LILRB2 (OR=1.36, p=0.002). Moreover, infants born to women with PM had lower levels of cytophilic IgG and higher levels of IL-10 during active infection. Interpretation Modulation of IgG and IL-10 levels could impair monocyte functions (opsonisation/phagocytosis) in infants born to women with PM, possibly contributing to their higher susceptibility to malaria. The long-lasting effect of PM on infants’ monocytes was notable, raising questions about the capacity of ligands such as Rifins or HLA-I molecules to bind to LILRB1 and LILRB2 and to modulate immune responses, and about the reprogramming of neonatal monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Dechavanne
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
| | - Odilon Nouatin
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Rafiou Adamou
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Sofie Edslev
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita Hansen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florian Meurisse
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ibrahim Sadissou
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Erasme Gbaguidi
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Jacqueline Milet
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
| | - Gilles Cottrell
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
| | - Laure Gineau
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
| | - Audrey Sabbagh
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
| | - Achille Massougbodji
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Kabirou Moutairou
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Eduardo A. Donadi
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medicine School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Edgardo D. Carosella
- CEAA, DRF-Institut François Jacob, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- U976 HIPI Unit, IRSL, Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- CEAA, DRF-Institut François Jacob, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- U976 HIPI Unit, IRSL, Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ed Remarque
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Michael Theisen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- CEAA, DRF-Institut François Jacob, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- U976 HIPI Unit, IRSL, Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - André Garcia
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - David Courtin
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
- *Correspondence: David Courtin,
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26
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Sethumadhavan DV, Tiburcio M, Kanyal A, Jabeena CA, Govindaraju G, Karmodiya K, Rajavelu A. Chromodomain Protein Interacts with H3K9me3 and Controls RBC Rosette Formation by Regulating the Expression of a Subset of RIFINs in the Malaria Parasite. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167601. [PMID: 35460670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum expresses clonally variant proteins on the surface of infected erythrocytes to evade the host immune system. The clonally variant multigene families include var, rifin, and stevor, which express Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (EMP1), Repetitive Interspersed Families of polypeptides (RIFINs), and Sub-telomeric Variable Open Reading frame (STEVOR) proteins, respectively. The rifins are the largest multigene family and are essentially involved in the RBC rosetting, the hallmark of severe malaria. The molecular regulators that control the RIFINs expression in Plasmodium spp. have not been reported so far. This study reports a chromodomain-containing protein (PfCDP) that binds to H3K9me3 modification on P. falciparum chromatin. Conditional deletion of the chromodomain (CD) gene in P. falciparum using an inducible DiCre-LoxP system leads to selective up-regulation of a subset of virulence genes, including rifins, a few var, and stevor genes. Further, we show that PfCDP conditional knockout (PfΔCDP) promotes RBC rosette formation. This study provides the first evidence of an epigenetic regulator mediated control on a subset of RIFINs expression and RBC rosetting by P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devadathan Valiyamangalath Sethumadhavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India; Ph.D registered with Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Marta Tiburcio
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Kanyal
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India. https://twitter.com/AbhishekKanyal7
| | - C A Jabeena
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India; Ph.D registered with Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Gayathri Govindaraju
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India; Ph.D registered with Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Krishanpal Karmodiya
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India. https://twitter.com/Krishanpal_K
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India; Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
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27
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Takashima E, Kanoi BN, Nagaoka H, Morita M, Hassan I, Palacpac NMQ, Egwang TG, Horii T, Gitaka J, Tsuboi T. Meta-Analysis of Human Antibodies Against Plasmodium falciparum Variable Surface and Merozoite Stage Antigens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887219. [PMID: 35757771 PMCID: PMC9218060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerted efforts to fight malaria have caused significant reductions in global malaria cases and mortality. Sustaining this will be critical to avoid rebound and outbreaks of seasonal malaria. Identifying predictive attributes that define clinical malaria will be key to guide development of second-generation tools to fight malaria. Broadly reactive antibodies against variable surface antigens that are expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes and merozoites stage antigens are targets of naturally acquired immunity and prime candidates for anti-malaria therapeutics and vaccines. However, predicting the relationship between the antigen-specific antibodies and protection from clinical malaria remains unresolved. Here, we used new datasets and multiple approaches combined with re-analysis of our previous data to assess the multi-dimensional and complex relationship between antibody responses and clinical malaria outcomes. We observed 22 antigens (17 PfEMP1 domains, 3 RIFIN family members, merozoite surface protein 3 (PF3D7_1035400), and merozoites-associated armadillo repeats protein (PF3D7_1035900) that were selected across three different clinical malaria definitions (1,000/2,500/5,000 parasites/µl plus fever). In addition, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) indicated that the first three components (Dim1, Dim2 and Dim3 with eigenvalues of 306, 48, and 29, respectively) accounted for 66.1% of the total variations seen. Specifically, the Dim1, Dim2 and Dim3 explained 52.8%, 8.2% and 5% of variability, respectively. We further observed a significant relationship between the first component scores and age with antibodies to PfEMP1 domains being the key contributing variables. This is consistent with a recent proposal suggesting that there is an ordered acquisition of antibodies targeting PfEMP1 proteins. Thus, although limited, and further work on the significance of the selected antigens will be required, these approaches may provide insights for identification of drivers of naturally acquired protective immunity as well as guide development of additional tools for malaria elimination and eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Bernard N Kanoi
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Hikaru Nagaoka
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morita
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Ifra Hassan
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Nirianne M Q Palacpac
- Department of Malaria Vaccine Development, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Malaria Vaccine Development, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jesse Gitaka
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
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28
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Giorgalli M, Cunningham DA, Broncel M, Sait A, Harrison TE, Hosking C, Vandomme A, Amis SI, Antonello A, Sullivan L, Uwadiae F, Torella L, Higgins MK, Langhorne J. Differential Trafficking and Expression of PIR Proteins in Acute and Chronic Plasmodium Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:877253. [PMID: 35782145 PMCID: PMC9245118 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.877253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium multigene families are thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of malaria. Plasmodium interspersed repeat (pir) genes comprise the largest multigene family in many Plasmodium species. However, their expression pattern and localisation remain to be elucidated. Understanding protein subcellular localisation is fundamental to reveal the functional importance and cell-cell interactions of the PIR proteins. Here, we use the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi, as a model to investigate the localisation pattern of this gene family. We found that most PIR proteins are co-expressed in clusters during acute and chronic infection; members of the S7 clade are predominantly expressed during the acute-phase, whereas members of the L1 clade dominate the chronic-phase of infection. Using peptide antisera specific for S7 or L1 PIRS, we show that these PIRs have different localisations within the infected red blood cells. S7 PIRs are exported into the infected red blood cell cytoplasm where they are co-localised with parasite-induced host cell modifications termed Maurer’s clefts, whereas L1 PIRs are localised on or close to the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane. This localisation pattern changes following mosquito transmission and during progression from acute- to chronic-phase of infection. The presence of PIRs in Maurer’s clefts, as seen for Plasmodium falciparum RIFIN and STEVOR proteins, might suggest trafficking of the PIRs on the surface of the infected erythrocytes. However, neither S7 nor L1 PIR proteins detected by the peptide antisera are localised on the surface of infected red blood cells, suggesting that they are unlikely to be targets of surface variant-specific antibodies or to be directly involved in adhesion of infected red blood cells to host cells, as described for Plasmodium falciparum VAR proteins. The differences in subcellular localisation of the two major clades of Plasmodium chabaudi PIRs across the blood cycle, and the apparent lack of expression on the red cell surface strongly suggest that the function(s) of this gene family may differ from those of other multigene families of Plasmodium, such as the var genes of Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giorgalli
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Malgorzata Broncel
- Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Sait
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E. Harrison
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Hosking
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Vandomme
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah I. Amis
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Antonello
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Sullivan
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faith Uwadiae
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Torella
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K. Higgins
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Langhorne
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jean Langhorne,
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29
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Sakoguchi A, Arase H. Mechanisms for Host Immune Evasion Mediated by Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocyte Surface Antigens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901864. [PMID: 35784341 PMCID: PMC9240312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infection causes the most severe form of malaria. It has been hypothesized that P. falciparum directly suppresses host immune responses because sufficient acquired immunity is often not induced even by repeated P. falciparum infections in malaria-endemic areas. It is known that many kinds of P. falciparum-derived proteins are expressed on the surface of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs), and these proteins have long been thought to be a key to the elucidation of the host immune evasion mechanisms. Our recent studies have revealed that the P. falciparum-derived erythrocyte surface antigen, RIFIN, the largest multiple gene family protein in the P. falciparum genome, suppresses host immune cell activation through direct interaction with human inhibitory immune receptors. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms for host immune evasion by P. falciparum-infected erythrocyte surface antigens. In addition, we will discuss the recently identified host immune response to P. falciparum using specialized antibodies that target host-P. falciparum-derived molecule interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Sakoguchi
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hisashi Arase,
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30
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Zelter T, Strahilevitz J, Simantov K, Yajuk O, Adams Y, Ramstedt Jensen A, Dzikowski R, Granot Z. Neutrophils impose strong immune pressure against PfEMP1 variants implicated in cerebral malaria. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53641. [PMID: 35417070 PMCID: PMC9171683 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest form of human malaria, remains one of the major threats to human health in endemic regions. Its virulence is attributed to its ability to modify infected red blood cells (iRBC) to adhere to endothelial receptors by placing variable antigens known as PfEMP1 on the iRBC surface. PfEMP1 expression determines the cytoadhesive properties of the iRBCs and is implicated in severe malaria. To evade antibody‐mediated responses, the parasite undergoes continuous switches of expression between different PfEMP1 variants. Recently, it became clear that in addition to antibody‐mediated responses, PfEMP1 triggers innate immune responses; however, the role of neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cells in the human circulation, in malaria remains elusive. Here, we show that neutrophils recognize and kill blood‐stage P. falciparum isolates. We identify neutrophil ICAM‐1 and specific PfEMP1 implicated in cerebral malaria as the key molecules involved in this killing. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the interactions between neutrophils and iRBCs and demonstrate the important influence of PfEMP1 on the selective innate response to cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Zelter
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada and Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Strahilevitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karina Simantov
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada and Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Olga Yajuk
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yvonne Adams
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Ramstedt Jensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ron Dzikowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada and Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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31
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Liu F, Cocker ATH, Pugh JL, Djaoud Z, Parham P, Guethlein LA. Natural LILRB1 D1-D2 variants show frequency differences in populations and bind to HLA class I with various avidities. Immunogenetics 2022; 74:513-525. [PMID: 35562487 PMCID: PMC9103611 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1) is widely expressed on various immune cells and the engagement of LILRB1 to HLA class I and pathogen-derived proteins can modulate the immune response. In the current study, 108 LILRB1 alleles were identified by screening the LILRB1 locus from the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 database. Forty-six alleles that occurred in three or more individuals encode 28 LILRB1 allotypes, and the inferred LILRB1 allotypes were then grouped into 9 LILRB1 D1-D2 variants for further analysis. We found that variants 1, 2, and 3 represent the three most frequent LILRB1 D1-D2 variants and the nine variants show frequency differences in populations. The binding assay demonstrated that variant 1 bound to HLA class I with the highest avidity, and all tested LILRB1 D1-D2 variants bound to HLA-C with lower avidity than to HLA-A and -B. Locus-specific polymorphisms at positions 183, 189, and 268 in HLA class I and dimorphisms in HLA-A (positions 207 and 253) and in HLA-B (position 194) affect their binding to LILRB1. Notably, the electrostatic interaction plays a critical role in the binding of LILRB1 to HLA class I as revealed by electrostatic analysis and by comparison of different binding avidities caused by polymorphisms at positions 72 and 103 of LILRB1. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the population genetics and binding abilities of LILRB1. The data will help us better understand the LILRB1-related diversity of the immune system and lay a foundation for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Liu
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander T H Cocker
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jason L Pugh
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zakia Djaoud
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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32
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Quinn JE, Jeninga MD, Limm K, Pareek K, Meißgeier T, Bachmann A, Duffy MF, Petter M. The Putative Bromodomain Protein PfBDP7 of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum Cooperates With PfBDP1 in the Silencing of Variant Surface Antigen Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:816558. [PMID: 35493110 PMCID: PMC9039026 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.816558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is a critical mechanism in controlling virulence, differentiation, and survival of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium (P.) falciparum. Bromodomain proteins contribute to this process by binding to acetylated lysine residues of histones and thereby targeting the gene regulatory machinery to gene promoters. A protein complex containing the P. falciparum bromodomain proteins (PfBDP) 1 and PfBDP2 (BDP1/BDP2 core complex) was previously shown to play an essential role for the correct transcription of invasion related genes. Here, we performed a functional characterization of a third component of this complex, which we dubbed PfBDP7, because structural modelling predicted a typical bromodomain fold. We confirmed that PfBDP7 is a nuclear protein that interacts with PfBDP1 at invasion gene promoters in mature schizont stage parasites and contributes to their transcription. Although partial depletion of PfBDP7 showed no significant effect on parasite viability, conditional knock down of either PfBDP7 or PfBDP1 resulted in the de-repression of variant surface antigens (VSA), which are important pathogenicity factors. This de-repression was evident both on mRNA and protein level. To understand the underlying mechanism, we mapped the genome wide binding sites of PfBDP7 by ChIPseq and showed that in early schizonts, PfBDP7 and PfBDP1 are commonly enriched in heterochromatic regions across the gene body of all VSA families, including genes coding for PfEMP1, RIFIN, STEVOR, and PfMC-2TM. This suggests that PfBDP7 and PfBDP1 contribute to the silencing of VSAs by associating with heterochromatin. In conclusion, we identified PfBDP7 as a chromatin binding protein that is a constitutive part of the P. falciparum BDP1/BDP2 core complex and established PfBDP1 and PfBDP7 as novel players in the silencing of heterochromatin regulated virulence gene families of the malaria parasite P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Quinn
- Mikrobiologisches Institut—Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Myriam D. Jeninga
- Mikrobiologisches Institut—Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Limm
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kapil Pareek
- Mikrobiologisches Institut—Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Meißgeier
- Mikrobiologisches Institut—Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Bachmann
- Department of Cellular Parasitology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany
- Biology Department, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael F. Duffy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michaela Petter
- Mikrobiologisches Institut—Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Michaela Petter,
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33
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Lee MSJ, Inoue T, Ise W, Matsuo-Dapaah J, Wing JB, Temizoz B, Kobiyama K, Hayashi T, Patil A, Sakaguchi S, Simon AK, Bezbradica JS, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K, Inoue JI, Akira S, Kurosaki T, Ishii KJ, Coban C. B cell-intrinsic TBK1 is essential for germinal center formation during infection and vaccination in mice. J Exp Med 2022; 219:212912. [PMID: 34910106 PMCID: PMC8679780 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) is a site where somatic hypermutation and clonal selection are coupled for antibody affinity maturation against infections. However, how GCs are formed and regulated is incompletely understood. Here, we identified an unexpected role of Tank-binding kinase-1 (TBK1) as a crucial B cell–intrinsic factor for GC formation. Using immunization and malaria infection models, we show that TBK1-deficient B cells failed to form GC despite normal Tfh cell differentiation, although some malaria-infected B cell–specific TBK1-deficient mice could survive by GC-independent mechanisms. Mechanistically, TBK1 phosphorylation elevates in B cells during GC differentiation and regulates the balance of IRF4/BCL6 expression by limiting CD40 and BCR activation through noncanonical NF-κB and AKTT308 signaling. In the absence of TBK1, CD40 and BCR signaling synergistically enhanced IRF4 expression in Pre-GC, leading to BCL6 suppression, and therefore failed to form GCs. As a result, memory B cells generated from TBK1-deficient B cells fail to confer sterile immunity upon reinfection, suggesting that TBK1 determines B cell fate to promote long-lasting humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S J Lee
- Division of Malaria Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Ise
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Julia Matsuo-Dapaah
- Division of Malaria Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James B Wing
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Immunology), Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Human Single Cell Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Burcu Temizoz
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hayashi
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Katharina Simon
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jelena S Bezbradica
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Research Platform Office, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Research Platform Office, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Inoue
- Research Platform Office, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cevayir Coban
- Division of Malaria Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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De Louche CD, Roghanian A. Human inhibitory leukocyte Ig-like receptors: from immunotolerance to immunotherapy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:151553. [PMID: 35076022 PMCID: PMC8855791 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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35
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Zhou AE, Shah ZV, Bradwell KR, Munro JB, Berry AA, Serre D, Takala-Harrison S, O'Connor TD, Silva JC, Travassos MA. STRIDE: a command-line HMM-based identifier and sub-classifier of Plasmodium falciparum RIFIN and STEVOR variant surface antigen families. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:15. [PMID: 34991452 PMCID: PMC8733436 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RIFINs and STEVORs are variant surface antigens expressed by P. falciparum that play roles in severe malaria pathogenesis and immune evasion. These two highly diverse multigene families feature multiple paralogs, making their classification challenging using traditional bioinformatic methods. RESULTS STRIDE (STevor and RIfin iDEntifier) is an HMM-based, command-line program that automates the identification and classification of RIFIN and STEVOR protein sequences in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. STRIDE is more sensitive in detecting RIFINs and STEVORs than available PFAM and TIGRFAM tools and reports RIFIN subtypes and the number of sequences with a FHEYDER amino acid motif, which has been associated with severe malaria pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS STRIDE will be beneficial to malaria research groups analyzing genome sequences and transcripts of clinical field isolates, providing insight into parasite biology and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Zhou
- Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zalak V Shah
- Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katie R Bradwell
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James B Munro
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea A Berry
- Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Serre
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Takala-Harrison
- Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy D O'Connor
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joana C Silva
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Travassos
- Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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36
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Alves KCS, Guimarães JM, Almeida MEMD, Mariúba LAM. Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 as a vaccine candidate: a brief review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e23. [PMID: 35293561 PMCID: PMC8916589 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the many efforts of researchers around the world, there is currently no effective vaccine for malaria. Numerous studies have been developed to find vaccine antigens that are immunogenic and safe. Among antigen candidates, Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) has stood out in a number of these studies for its ability to induce a consistent and protective immune response, also being safe for use in humans. This review presents the main studies that explored MSP3 as a vaccine candidate over the last few decades. MSP3 formulations were tested in animals and humans and the most advanced candidate formulations are MSP3-LSP, a combination of MSP3 and LSP1, and GMZ2 (a vaccine based on the recombinant protein fusion GLURP and MSP3) which is currently being tested in phase II clinical studies. This brief review highlights the history and the main formulations of MSP3-based vaccines approaches against P. falciparum .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luís André Morais Mariúba
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brazil; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brazil
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37
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Molecular mechanisms of hematological and biochemical alterations in malaria: A review. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 247:111446. [PMID: 34953384 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a dangerous disease that contributes to millions of hospital visits and hundreds of thousands of deaths, especially in children residing in sub-Saharan Africa. Although several interventions such as vector control, case detection, and treatment are already in place, there is no substantive reduction in the disease burden. Several studies in the past have reported the emergence of resistant strains of malaria parasites (MPs) and mosquitoes, and poor adherence and inaccessibility to effective antimalarial drugs as the major factors for this persistent menace of malaria infections. Moreover, victory against MP infections for many years has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the complex nature of malaria pathogenesis. Very recent studies have identified different complex interactions and hematological alterations induced by malaria parasites. However, no studies have hybridized these alterations for a better understanding of Malaria pathogenesis. Hence, this review thoroughly discusses the molecular mechanisms of all reported hematological and biochemical alterations induced by MPs infections. Specifically, the mechanisms in which MP-infection induces anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, dyslipidemia, hypoglycemia, oxidative stress, and liver and kidney malfunctions were presented. The study also discussed how MPs evade the host's immune response and suggested strategies to limit evasion of the host's immune response to combat malaria and its complications.
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38
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Storm L, Bruijnesteijn J, de Groot NG, Bontrop RE. The Genomic Organization of the LILR Region Remained Largely Conserved Throughout Primate Evolution: Implications for Health And Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716289. [PMID: 34737739 PMCID: PMC8562567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genes of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) family map to the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) on chromosome 19, and consist of both activating and inhibiting entities. These receptors are often involved in regulating immune responses, and are considered to play a role in health and disease. The human LILR region and evolutionary equivalents in some rodent and bird species have been thoroughly characterized. In non-human primates, the LILR region is annotated, but a thorough comparison between humans and non-human primates has not yet been documented. Therefore, it was decided to undertake a comprehensive comparison of the human and non-human primate LILR region at the genomic level. During primate evolution the organization of the LILR region remained largely conserved. One major exception, however, is provided by the common marmoset, a New World monkey species, which seems to feature a substantial contraction of the number of LILR genes in both the centromeric and the telomeric region. Furthermore, genomic analysis revealed that the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene KIR3DX1, which maps in the LILR region, features one copy in humans and great ape species. A second copy, which might have been introduced by a duplication event, was observed in the lesser apes, and in Old and New World monkey species. The highly conserved gene organization allowed us to standardize the LILR gene nomenclature for non-human primate species, and implies that most of the receptors encoded by these genes likely fulfill highly preserved functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Storm
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Jesse Bruijnesteijn
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Natasja G de Groot
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Ronald E Bontrop
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands.,Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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39
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Abdallah F, Coindre S, Gardet M, Meurisse F, Naji A, Suganuma N, Abi-Rached L, Lambotte O, Favier B. Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors in Regulating the Immune Response in Infectious Diseases: A Window of Opportunity to Pathogen Persistence and a Sound Target in Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717998. [PMID: 34594332 PMCID: PMC8478328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoregulatory receptors are essential for orchestrating an immune response as well as appropriate inflammation in infectious and non-communicable diseases. Among them, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs) consist of activating and inhibitory receptors that play an important role in regulating immune responses modulating the course of disease progression. On the one hand, inhibitory LILRs constitute a safe-guard system that mitigates the inflammatory response, allowing a prompt return to immune homeostasis. On the other hand, because of their unique capacity to attenuate immune responses, pathogens use inhibitory LILRs to evade immune recognition, thus facilitating their persistence within the host. Conversely, the engagement of activating LILRs triggers immune responses and the production of inflammatory mediators to fight microbes. However, their heightened activation could lead to an exacerbated immune response and persistent inflammation with major consequences on disease outcome and autoimmune disorders. Here, we review the genetic organisation, structure and ligands of LILRs as well as their role in regulating the immune response and inflammation. We also discuss the LILR-based strategies that pathogens use to evade immune responses. A better understanding of the contribution of LILRs to host-pathogen interactions is essential to define appropriate treatments to counteract the severity and/or persistence of pathogens in acute and chronic infectious diseases lacking efficient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Abdallah
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sixtine Coindre
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Margaux Gardet
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Florian Meurisse
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Abderrahim Naji
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku-City, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku-City, Japan
| | - Laurent Abi-Rached
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Mediterranean Infection, SNC5039 CNRS, Marseille, France.,SNC5039 CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Public-Hospital Assistance of Paris, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Paris-Saclay University Hospital Group, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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40
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Xie Y, Li X, Chai Y, Song H, Qi J, Gao GF. Structural basis of malarial parasite RIFIN-mediated immune escape against LAIR1. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109600. [PMID: 34433057 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria infection by Plasmodium falciparum continues to pose a global threat to the human population. P. falciparum expresses variable erythrocyte surface antigens such as RIFINs. Public antibodies with LAIR1 insertion have been identified from malarial patients against a subset of RIFINs. In this study, we solve a LAIR1-binding RIFIN structure: the complex structures of two RIFINs bound to mutated or wild-type LAIR1 in two distinct patterns. Notably, the two RIFINs engage similar binding sites on LAIR1 with different angles, and the RIFIN-binding sites overlap with the collagen-binding site. Surprisingly, RIFINs use completely different binding sites to bind to LAIR1 or LILRB1, indicating the kaleidoscopic change of RIFINs. We then verify that RIFIN could induce LAIR1-mediated cell signaling, and LAIR1-containing antibodies could block the pathway. The findings of this study provide structural insights into the mechanism of the immune escape of P. falciparum and the endless arms race between parasite and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Xie
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao Song
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jianxun Qi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - George F Gao
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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41
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Xu K, Wang Y, Shen CH, Chen Y, Zhang B, Liu K, Tsybovsky Y, Wang S, Farney SK, Gorman J, Stephens T, Verardi R, Yang Y, Zhou T, Chuang GY, Lanzavecchia A, Piccoli L, Kwong PD. Structural basis of LAIR1 targeting by polymorphic Plasmodium RIFINs. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4226. [PMID: 34244481 PMCID: PMC8270905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RIFIN, a large family of Plasmodium variant surface antigens, plays a crucial role in malaria pathogenesis by mediating immune suppression through activation of inhibitory receptors such as LAIR1, and antibodies with LAIR1 inserts have been identified that bind infected erythrocytes through RIFIN. However, details of RIFIN-mediated LAIR1 recognition and receptor activation have been unclear. Here, we use negative-stain EM to define the architecture of LAIR1-inserted antibodies and determine crystal structures of RIFIN-variable 2 (V2) domain in complex with a LAIR1 domain. These structures reveal the LAIR1-binding region of RIFIN to be hydrophobic and membrane-distal, to exhibit extensive structural diversity, and to interact with RIFIN-V2 in a one-to-one fashion. Through structural and sequence analysis of various LAIR1 constructs, we identify essential elements of RIFIN-binding on LAIR1. Furthermore, a structure-derived LAIR1-binding sequence signature ascertained >20 LAIR1-binding RIFINs, including some from P. falciparum field strains and Plasmodium species infecting gorillas and chimpanzees.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Protozoan/genetics
- Antibodies, Protozoan/metabolism
- Antigenic Variation/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/metabolism
- Antigens, Protozoan/ultrastructure
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Humans
- Malaria, Falciparum/immunology
- Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/ultrastructure
- Mutation
- Plasmodium falciparum/immunology
- Plasmodium falciparum/metabolism
- Protein Domains/genetics
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Protozoan Proteins/metabolism
- Protozoan Proteins/ultrastructure
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Yiran Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Katie Farney
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongping Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM), Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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42
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Peprah S, Ogwang MD, Kerchan P, Reynolds SJ, Tenge CN, Were PA, Kuremu RT, Wekesa WN, Masalu N, Kawira E, Otim I, Legason ID, Ayers LW, Bhatia K, Goedert JJ, Pfeiffer RM, Mbulaiteye SM. Inverse association of falciparum positivity with endemic Burkitt lymphoma is robust in analyses adjusting for pre-enrollment malaria in the EMBLEM case-control study. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:40. [PMID: 34099001 PMCID: PMC8186042 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falciparum and endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) are co-endemic in Africa, but the malaria experience in eBL patients is unknown. A lower prevalence of falciparum has been reported in eBL patients, but those results are anecdotally attributed to pre-enrollment anti-malaria treatment. METHODS We studied 677 eBL patients and 2920 community controls aged 0-15 years enrolled in six regions in Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya during 2010-2016. Falciparum was diagnosed using thick blood film microscopy (TFM) and antigen-capture rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Guardians of the children answered a 40-item structured questionnaire about their child's pre-enrollment lifetime malaria history and treatment, demographics, socioeconomics, animal exposures, fevers, and hospitalizations. We utilized exploratory factor analysis to reduce the 40 questionnaire variables into six factors, including Inpatient malaria and Outpatient malaria factors that were surrogates of pre-enrollment anti-malaria treatment. The six factors accounted for 83-90% of the variance in the questionnaire data. We calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR 95% CI) of association of eBL with falciparum positivity, defined as positive both on TFM or RDTs, or only RDTs (indicative of recent infection) or TFM (indicative of current falciparum infection) versus no infection, using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for group of age (0-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-11 and 12-15 years), sex, and study site and the afore-mentioned pre-enrollment factors. RESULTS The prevalence of falciparum infection was 25.6% in the eBL cases and 45.7% in community controls (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.47; P < 0.0001). The results were similar for recent falciparum infection (6.9% versus 13.5%, aOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.50; P < 0.0001) and current falciparum infection (18.7% versus 32.1%, aOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.51; P < 0.0001). These aORs for any, recent and current falciparum infection did not change when we adjusted for pre-enrollment factors (aORs = 0.46, =0.44, and = 0.51, respectively) were significantly lower in stratified analysis for any infection in children < 5 years (aOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.75) or ≥ 10 years (aOR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.71). CONCLUSION Our study results reduce support for pre-enrollment antimalaria treatment as a sole explanation for the observed lower falciparum prevalence in eBL cases and open a space to consider alternative immunology-based hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Peprah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E-118, MSC 3330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Martin D Ogwang
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu & African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Kerchan
- EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital, Arua & African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven J Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constance N Tenge
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Pamela A Were
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Robert T Kuremu
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Walter N Wekesa
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Esther Kawira
- EMBLEM Study, Shirati Health and Educational Foundation, Shirati, Tanzania
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu & African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ismail D Legason
- EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital, Arua & African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Leona W Ayers
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E-118, MSC 3330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E-118, MSC 3330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E-118, MSC 3330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rm. 6E-118, MSC 3330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Liu Y, Soh WT, Kishikawa JI, Hirose M, Nakayama EE, Li S, Sasai M, Suzuki T, Tada A, Arakawa A, Matsuoka S, Akamatsu K, Matsuda M, Ono C, Torii S, Kishida K, Jin H, Nakai W, Arase N, Nakagawa A, Matsumoto M, Nakazaki Y, Shindo Y, Kohyama M, Tomii K, Ohmura K, Ohshima S, Okamoto T, Yamamoto M, Nakagami H, Matsuura Y, Nakagawa A, Kato T, Okada M, Standley DM, Shioda T, Arase H. An infectivity-enhancing site on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein targeted by antibodies. Cell 2021; 184:3452-3466.e18. [PMID: 34139176 PMCID: PMC8142859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the effects of antibodies against other spike protein domains are largely unknown. Here, we screened a series of anti-spike monoclonal antibodies from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and found that some of antibodies against the N-terminal domain (NTD) induced the open conformation of RBD and thus enhanced the binding capacity of the spike protein to ACE2 and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Mutational analysis revealed that all of the infectivity-enhancing antibodies recognized a specific site on the NTD. Structural analysis demonstrated that all infectivity-enhancing antibodies bound to NTD in a similar manner. The antibodies against this infectivity-enhancing site were detected at high levels in severe patients. Moreover, we identified antibodies against the infectivity-enhancing site in uninfected donors, albeit at a lower frequency. These findings demonstrate that not only neutralizing antibodies but also enhancing antibodies are produced during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Liu
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wai Tuck Soh
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kishikawa
- Laboratory for CryoEM Structural Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mika Hirose
- Laboratory for CryoEM Structural Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emi E Nakayama
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Songling Li
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miwa Sasai
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Asa Tada
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akemi Arakawa
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sumiko Matsuoka
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kanako Akamatsu
- Department Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuda
- Department Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Supramolecular Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shiho Torii
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kishida
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakai
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriko Arase
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate school of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Maki Matsumoto
- Drug Discovery Research Center, HuLA immune, Inc., Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukoh Nakazaki
- Drug Discovery Research Center, HuLA immune, Inc., Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shindo
- Drug Discovery Research Center, HuLA immune, Inc., Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masako Kohyama
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tomii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shiro Ohshima
- Department of Clinical Research, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Osaka 586-8521, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate school of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Supramolecular Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Laboratory for CryoEM Structural Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Department Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daron M Standley
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Maharaj L, Adeleke VT, Fatoba AJ, Adeniyi AA, Tshilwane SI, Adeleke MA, Maharaj R, Okpeku M. Immunoinformatics approach for multi-epitope vaccine design against P. falciparum malaria. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 92:104875. [PMID: 33905890 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) is a leading causative agent of malaria, an infectious disease that can be fatal. Unfortunately, control measures are becoming less effective over time. A vaccine is needed to effectively control malaria and lead towards the total elimination of the disease. There have been multiple attempts to develop a vaccine, but to date, none have been certified as appropriate for wide-scale use. In this study, an immunoinformatics method is presented to design a multi-epitope vaccine construct predicted to be effective against P. falciparum malaria. This was done through the prediction of 12 CD4+ T-cell, 10 CD8+ T-cell epitopes and, 1 B-cell epitope which were assessed for predicted high antigenicity, immunogenicity, and non-allergenicity through in silico methods. The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) population coverage showed that the alleles associated with the epitopes accounted for 78.48% of the global population. The CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes were docked to HLA-DRB1*07:01 and HLA-A*32:01 successfully. Therefore, the epitopes were deemed to be suitable as components of a multi-epitope vaccine construct. Adjuvant RS09 was added to the construct to generate a stronger immune response, as confirmed by an immune system simulation. Finally, the structural stability of the predicted multi-epitope vaccine was assessed using molecular dynamics simulations. The results show a promising vaccine design that should be further synthesised and assessed for its efficacy in an experimental laboratory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Maharaj
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa
| | - Victoria T Adeleke
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Abiodun J Fatoba
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa
| | - Adebayo A Adeniyi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Industrial Chemistry, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Selaelo I Tshilwane
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa
| | - Matthew A Adeleke
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa
| | - Rajendra Maharaj
- Office of Malaria Research, Medical Research Council, South Africa
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa.
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45
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Sakoguchi A, Saito F, Hirayasu K, Shida K, Matsuoka S, Itagaki S, Nakai W, Kohyama M, Suenaga T, Iwanaga S, Horii T, Arase H. Plasmodium falciparum RIFIN is a novel ligand for inhibitory immune receptor LILRB2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 548:167-173. [PMID: 33647792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria. Acquired immunity against P. falciparum provides insufficient protection even after repeated infections. Therefore, P. falciparum parasites might exploit inhibitory receptors for immune evasion. P. falciparum RIFINs are products of a multigene family consisting of 150-200 genes. Previously, we demonstrated that some RIFINs downregulate the immune response through the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) family inhibitory receptor, LILRB1, and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1, LAIR1. In this study, we further analyzed the expression of inhibitory receptor ligands on P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes and found that P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes expressed ligands for another LILR family inhibitory receptor, LILRB2, that recognizes HLA class I molecules as a host ligand. Furthermore, we identified that a specific RIFIN was a ligand for LILRB2 by using a newly developed RIFIN expression library. In addition, the domain 3 of LILRB2 was involved in RIFIN binding, whereas the domains 1 and 2 of LILRB2 were involved in the binding to HLA class I molecules. These results suggest that inhibitory receptor LILRB2 is also targeted by RIFIN for immune evasion of P. falciparum similar to LILRB1 and LAIR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Sakoguchi
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumiji Saito
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Kouyuki Hirayasu
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shida
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sumiko Matsuoka
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sawako Itagaki
- Department of Malaria Vaccine Development, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakai
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masako Kohyama
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Suenaga
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Japan
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Malaria Vaccine Development, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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46
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Chen Y, Xu K, Piccoli L, Foglierini M, Tan J, Jin W, Gorman J, Tsybovsky Y, Zhang B, Traore B, Silacci-Fregni C, Daubenberger C, Crompton PD, Geiger R, Sallusto F, Kwong PD, Lanzavecchia A. Structural basis of malaria RIFIN binding by LILRB1-containing antibodies. Nature 2021; 592:639-643. [PMID: 33790470 PMCID: PMC8068667 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Some Plasmodium falciparum repetitive interspersed families of polypeptides (RIFINs)-variant surface antigens that are expressed on infected erythrocytes1-bind to the inhibitory receptor LAIR1, and insertion of DNA that encodes LAIR1 into immunoglobulin genes generates RIFIN-specific antibodies2,3. Here we address the general relevance of this finding by searching for antibodies that incorporate LILRB1, another inhibitory receptor that binds to β2 microglobulin and RIFINs through their apical domains4,5. By screening plasma from a cohort of donors from Mali, we identified individuals with LILRB1-containing antibodies. B cell clones isolated from three donors showed large DNA insertions in the switch region that encodes non-apical LILRB1 extracellular domain 3 and 4 (D3D4) or D3 alone in the variable-constant (VH-CH1) elbow. Through mass spectrometry and binding assays, we identified a large set of RIFINs that bind to LILRB1 D3. Crystal and cryo-electron microscopy structures of a RIFIN in complex with either LILRB1 D3D4 or a D3D4-containing antibody Fab revealed a mode of RIFIN-LILRB1 D3 interaction that is similar to that of RIFIN-LAIR1. The Fab showed an unconventional triangular architecture with the inserted LILRB1 domains opening up the VH-CH1 elbow without affecting VH-VL or CH1-CL pairing. Collectively, these findings show that RIFINs bind to LILRB1 through D3 and illustrate, with a naturally selected example, the general principle of creating novel antibodies by inserting receptor domains into the VH-CH1 elbow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Chen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Foglierini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Tan
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Wenjie Jin
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Boubacar Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Chiara Silacci-Fregni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter D Crompton
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Roger Geiger
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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47
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Deng M, Chen H, Liu X, Huang R, He Y, Yoo B, Xie J, John S, Zhang N, An Z, Zhang CC. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B: therapeutic targets in cancer. Antib Ther 2021; 4:16-33. [PMID: 33928233 PMCID: PMC7944505 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRBs 1–5) transduce signals via intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs that recruit phosphatases to negatively regulate immune activation. The activation of LILRB signaling in immune cells may contribute to immune evasion. In addition, the expression and signaling of LILRBs in cancer cells especially in certain hematologic malignant cells directly support cancer development. Certain LILRBs thus have dual roles in cancer biology—as immune checkpoint molecules and tumor-supporting factors. Here, we review the expression, ligands, signaling, and functions of LILRBs, as well as therapeutic development targeting them. LILRBs may represent attractive targets for cancer treatment, and antagonizing LILRB signaling may prove to be effective anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Heyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ryan Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yubo He
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Byounggyu Yoo
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Samuel John
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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48
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Hirayasu K, Sun J, Hasegawa G, Hashikawa Y, Hosomichi K, Tajima A, Tokunaga K, Ohashi J, Hanayama R. Characterization of LILRB3 and LILRA6 allelic variants in the Japanese population. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:739-748. [PMID: 33526815 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILRs) are encoded by members of a human multigene family, comprising 11 protein-coding genes and two pseudogenes. Among the LILRs, LILRB3 and LILRA6 show the highest homology with each other, along with high allelic and copy number variations. Therefore, it has been difficult to discriminate between them, both genetically and functionally, precluding disease association studies of LILRB3 and LILRA6. In this study, we carefully performed variant screening of LILRB3 and LILRA6 by cDNA cloning from Japanese individuals and identified four allelic lineages showing significantly high non-synonymous-to-synonymous ratios in pairwise comparisons. Furthermore, the extracellular domains of the LILRB3*JP6 and LILRA6*JP1 alleles were identical at the DNA level, suggesting that gene conversion-like events diversified LILRB3 and LILRA6. To determine the four allelic lineages from genomic DNA, we established a lineage typing method that accurately estimated the four allelic lineages in addition to specific common alleles from genomic DNA. Analysis of LILRA6 copy number variation revealed one, two, and three copies of LILRA6 in the Japanese-in-Tokyo (JPT) population. Flow cytometric analysis showed that an anti-LILRB3 antibody did not recognize the second most common lineage in the Japanese population, indicating significant amino acid differences across the allelic lineages. Taken together, our findings indicate that our lineage typing is useful for classifying the lineage-specific functions of LILRB3 and LILRA6, serving as the basis for disease association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouyuki Hirayasu
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan. .,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Jinwen Sun
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Gen Hasegawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashikawa
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ohashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rikinari Hanayama
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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49
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Huang J, Chen J, Fang G, Pang L, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Pan Z, Zhang Q, Sheng Y, Lu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li G, Shi M, Chen X, Zhan S. Two novel venom proteins underlie divergent parasitic strategies between a generalist and a specialist parasite. Nat Commun 2021; 12:234. [PMID: 33431897 PMCID: PMC7801585 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitoids are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems. Parasitic strategies are highly diverse among parasitoid species, yet their underlying genetic bases are poorly understood. Here, we focus on the divergent adaptation of a specialist and a generalist drosophilid parasitoids. We find that a novel protein (Lar) enables active immune suppression by lysing the host lymph glands, eventually leading to successful parasitism by the generalist. Meanwhile, another novel protein (Warm) contributes to a passive strategy by attaching the laid eggs to the gut and other organs of the host, leading to incomplete encapsulation and helping the specialist escape the host immune response. We find that these diverse parasitic strategies both originated from lateral gene transfer, followed with duplication and specialization, and that they might contribute to the shift in host ranges between parasitoids. Our results increase our understanding of how novel gene functions originate and how they contribute to host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sicong Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuenan Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Pan
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Plasmodium falciparum is evolving to escape malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Ethiopia. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1289-1299. [PMID: 34580442 PMCID: PMC8478644 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In Africa, most rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for falciparum malaria recognize histidine-rich protein 2 antigen. Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) and 3 (pfhrp3) genes escape detection by these RDTs, but it is not known whether these deletions confer sufficient selective advantage to drive rapid population expansion. By studying blood samples from a cohort of 12,572 participants enroled in a prospective, cross-sectional survey along Ethiopia's borders with Eritrea, Sudan and South Sudan using RDTs, PCR, an ultrasensitive bead-based immunoassay for antigen detection and next-generation sequencing, we estimate that histidine-rich protein 2-based RDTs would miss 9.7% (95% confidence interval 8.5-11.1) of P. falciparum malaria cases owing to pfhrp2 deletion. We applied a molecular inversion probe-targeted deep sequencing approach to identify distinct subtelomeric deletion patterns and well-established pfhrp3 deletions and to uncover recent expansion of a singular pfhrp2 deletion in all regions sampled. We propose a model in which pfhrp3 deletions have arisen independently multiple times, followed by strong positive selection for pfhrp2 deletion owing to RDT-based test-and-treatment. Existing diagnostic strategies need to be urgently reconsidered in Ethiopia, and improved surveillance for pfhrp2 deletion is needed throughout the Horn of Africa.
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