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Devillers R, Dos Santos A, Destombes Q, Laplante M, Elowe S. Recent insights into the causes and consequences of chromosome mis-segregation. Oncogene 2024:10.1038/s41388-024-03163-5. [PMID: 39278989 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Mitotic cells face the challenging task of ensuring accurate and equal segregation of their duplicated, condensed chromosomes between the nascent daughter cells. Errors in the process result in chromosome missegregation, a significant consequence of which is the emergence of aneuploidy-characterized by an imbalance in chromosome number-and the associated phenomenon of chromosome instability (CIN). Aneuploidy and CIN are common features of cancer, which leverages them to promote genome heterogeneity and plasticity, thereby facilitating rapid tumor evolution. Recent research has provided insights into how mitotic errors shape cancer genomes by inducing both numerical and structural chromosomal changes that drive tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we survey recent findings regarding the mitotic causes and consequences of aneuploidy. We discuss new findings into the types of chromosome segregation errors that lead to aneuploidy and novel pathways that protect genome integrity during mitosis. Finally, we describe new developments in our understanding of the immediate consequences of chromosome mis-segregation on the genome stability of daughter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Devillers
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de reproduction, santé de la mère et de l'enfant, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, L'ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexsandro Dos Santos
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de reproduction, santé de la mère et de l'enfant, Québec, QC, Canada
- Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, L'ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, Canada
| | - Quentin Destombes
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de reproduction, santé de la mère et de l'enfant, Québec, QC, Canada
- Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, L'ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sabine Elowe
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe de reproduction, santé de la mère et de l'enfant, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, L'ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, Canada.
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
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Peng J, Liu H, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhao Q, Liu W, Niu H, Xue H, Sun J, Wu J. HDAC6 mediates tumorigenesis during mitosis and the development of targeted deactivating agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107818. [PMID: 39288633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetics, particularly deacetylation, plays a critical role in tumorigenesis as many carcinogens are under tight control by post-translational modification. HDAC6, an important and special histone deacetylase (HDAC) family member, has been indicated to increase carcinogenesis through various functions. Recent studies demonstrated the effects of HDAC6 inhibitors in mitotic arrest, however, detailed mechanisms still remain unknown. Herein, we review and summarize HDAC6-associated proteins that have been implicated in important roles in mitosis. We also discuss the development of medicinal agents targeting HDAC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- The People's Hospital of Zhaoyuan City, No. 168 Yingbin Road, Zhaoyuan 265400, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jingqian Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Qianlong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Haoqian Niu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Haoyu Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jingde Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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3
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Yao Y, Wang M, Liu M, Zhang Y, Mi Z, Mao J, Chen H, Huang Y, Huang Y, Liu Z, Ma Y. Micronuclei in 2-cell embryos show higher blastocyst formation rates on human embryonic development. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 302:26-32. [PMID: 39213952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multinucleated blastomeres at the two-cell stage (2MNB) represent a frequently observed nuclear abnormality in early human embryos. This abnormality has been reported to significantly impact on the embryo's developmental potential to reach the blastocyst stage. However, our understanding of the embryo's developmental potential and the morphokinetics of 2MNB remains limited. This study investigates the influence of 2MNB and its subtypes on the blastocyst formation. STUDY DESIGN A non-interventional retrospective study was performed in the Reproductive Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, using a time-lapse incubator. The study involved the evaluation of 4416 embryos, including 628 multinucleated embryos, from 1521 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles conducted between October 2019 and October 2021. The morphokinetic characteristics of multinucleated embryos were analyzed. RESULTS The results show multinucleation was the most common abnormal mitotic event during embryo development (14.22 %) in 4416 embryos. A control group of 3210 developmentally normal embryos was used in the study. The multinucleated blastomeres caused a lower blastocyst rate (52.48 % VS 64.02 %) compared to the control group. Whereas, 2MNBcause a higher blastocyst rate thanthemat the 4-cell stage (4MNB) (58.89 % VS 43.64 %). 2MNB can be further be further divided into 2MNB1/2cell and 2MNB2/2cell based on one multinucleated blastomere or two multinucleated blastomere appeared. Time to pronuclei fading (tPNf) is significantly longer in 2MNB2/2cell compared to 2MNB1/2cell. Furthermore, the 2MNB1/2cell embryos were divided into four subgroups (Bi-: two nuclei with almost the same size, Micro-: two nuclei with varying sizes, Poly-: more than two nuclei with almost the same size, and Cluster-: more than two nuclei with varying sizes) based on the number of nuclei and relative size. The results show that the Bi- and Micro- groups had a significantly increased blastocyst rate. The Cluster-, and Poly- groups showed significantly delayed embryonic development compared to normal controls. Bi-group has significant delays at t3, t5, and t8 and the Micro-group had a significant delay only at t8. CONCLUSION 2MNB cause higher blastocyst rate than them at 4MNB. 2MNB1/2cell shows shorter tPNf compared to 2MNB2/2cell. Moreover, the Micro-, Bi- groups had a significantly increased blastocyst rate and different kinetic parameters compared to Cluster-, Poly-groups, suggesting that it is necessary to distinguish the nucleus status within 2MNB to increase the blastocyst rate. When selecting embryos for transformation from the 2MNB1/2cell, Micro- is the best choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yao
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mingkun Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mian Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zuxia Mi
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jilong Mao
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Huaye Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanhua Huang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Wu T, Luo Y, Zhang M, Chen B, Du X, Gu H, Xie S, Pan Z, Yu R, Hai R, Niu X, Hao G, Jin L, Shi J, Sun X, Kuang Y, Li W, Sang Q, Wang L. Mechanisms of minor pole-mediated spindle bipolarization in human oocytes. Science 2024; 385:eado1022. [PMID: 39172836 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Spindle bipolarization, the process of a microtubule mass transforming into a bipolar spindle, is a prerequisite for accurate chromosome segregation. In contrast to mitotic cells, the process and mechanism of spindle bipolarization in human oocytes remains unclear. Using high-resolution imaging in more than 1800 human oocytes, we revealed a typical state of multipolar intermediates that form during spindle bipolarization and elucidated the mechanism underlying this process. We found that the minor poles formed in multiple kinetochore clusters contribute to the generation of multipolar intermediates. We further determined the essential roles of HAUS6, KIF11, and KIF18A in spindle bipolarization and identified mutations in these genes in infertile patients characterized by oocyte or embryo defects. These results provide insights into the physiological and pathological mechanisms of spindle bipolarization in human oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxi Luo
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation Program, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Biaobang Chen
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xingzhu Du
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Siyuan Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiqi Pan
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruiqi Hai
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangli Niu
- Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530029, China
| | - Guimin Hao
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Juanzi Shi
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Shanghai JIAI Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wen Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation Program, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Tucker JB, Carlsen CL, Scribano CM, Pattaswamy SM, Burkard ME, Weaver BA. CENP-E Inhibition Induces Chromosomal Instability and Synergizes with Diverse Microtubule-Targeting Agents in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:2674-2689. [PMID: 38832939 PMCID: PMC11326998 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Drugs that perturb microtubules are commonly used to treat breast cancers of all subtypes in both early stage and metastatic disease, but they are effective in only approximately 50% of patients. High concentrations of microtubule-targeting agents can elicit mitotic arrest in cell culture models; however, recent evidence from primary and metastatic breast cancers has revealed that these agents only accumulate at intratumoral levels capable of inducing abnormal multipolar mitotic spindles, not mitotic arrest. Although the maintenance of multipolar spindles can generate cytotoxic rates of chromosomal instability (CIN), focusing of aberrant multipolar spindles into normal bipolar spindles can dramatically reduce CIN and confer resistance to microtubule poisons. Here, we showed that inhibition of the mitotic kinesin centromeric-associated protein-E (CENP-E) overcomes resistance caused by focusing multipolar spindles. Clinically relevant microtubule-targeting agents used a mechanistically conserved pathway to induce multipolar spindles without requiring centrosome amplification. Focusing could occur at any point in mitosis, with earlier focusing conferring greater resistance to antimicrotubule agents. CENP-E inhibition increased CIN on focused spindles by generating chromosomes that remained misaligned at spindle poles during anaphase, which substantially increased death in the resulting daughter cells. CENP-E inhibition synergized with diverse, clinically relevant microtubule poisons to potentiate cell death in cell lines and suppress tumor growth in orthotopic tumor models. These results suggest that primary resistance to microtubule-targeting drugs can be overcome by simultaneous inhibition of CENP-E. Significance: The increased incidence of polar chromosomes induced by inhibition of the mitotic kinesin CENP-E exacerbates chromosomal instability, reduces daughter cell viability, and improves sensitivity to microtubule-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Tucker
- Cancer Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Caleb L Carlsen
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christina M Scribano
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Srishrika M Pattaswamy
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark E Burkard
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Beth A Weaver
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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6
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Wang Z, Duan H, You X, Peng Q, Yuan N, Sha R, Xie Z, Feng Y. Deoxynivalenol triggers mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116607. [PMID: 38908055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), commonly known as vomitoxin, is a mycotoxin produced by fungi and is frequently found as a contaminant in various cereal-based food worldwide. While the harmful effects of DON have been extensively studied in different tissues, its specific impact on the proliferation of skeletal muscle cells remains unclear. In this study, we utilized murine C2C12 myoblasts as a model to explore the influence of DON on their proliferation. Our observations indicated that DON exhibits dose-dependent toxicity, significantly inhibiting the proliferation of C2C12 cells. Through the application of RNA-seq analysis combined with gene set enrichment analysis, we identified a noteworthy downregulation of genes linked to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and condensed chromosome. Concurrently with the reduced expression of ECM genes, immunostaining analysis revealed notable changes in the distribution of fibronectin, a vital ECM component, condensing into clusters and punctate formations. Remarkably, the exposure to DON induced the formation of multipolar spindles, leading to the disruption of the normal cell cycle. This, in turn, activated the p53-p21 signaling pathway and ultimately resulted in apoptosis. These findings contribute significant insights into the mechanisms through which DON induces toxicity within skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Huimin Duan
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
| | - Xue You
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qian Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Ningyang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Rula Sha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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7
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Massaro L, De Sanctis S, Franchini V, Regalbuto E, Alfano G, Focaccetti C, Benvenuto M, Cifaldi L, Sgura A, Berardinelli F, Marinaccio J, Barbato F, Rossi E, Nardozi D, Masuelli L, Bei R, Lista F. Study of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects induced in human fibroblasts by exposure to pulsed and continuous 1.6 GHz radiofrequency. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1419525. [PMID: 39145180 PMCID: PMC11323689 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1419525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of radiofrequency (RF) sources, ranging from household appliances to telecommunications devices and military equipment, raises concerns among people and regulatory agencies about the potential health risks of RF exposure. Consequently, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been done to investigate the biological effects, in particular non-thermal, of this non-ionizing radiation. To date, this issue is still being debated due to the controversial results that have been reported. Furthermore, the impact of different RF signal modulations on biological systems remains poorly investigated. The present in vitro study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of continuous or pulsed 1.6 GHz RF in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Methods HDF cultures were exposed to continuous and pulsed 1.6 GHz RF, for 2 h, with Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of 0.4 W/kg. The potential biological effects of 1.6 GHz RF on HDF were assessed with a multi-methodological approach, analyzing the effects on cell cycle, ultrastructure, protein expression, mitotic spindle, CREST stained micronuclei, chromosome segregation and γ-H2AX/53BP1 foci. Results 1.6 GHz RF exposure modified proteins expression and morphology of HDF. Specifically, the expression of different heat-shock proteins (HSP) (i.e., HSP-90, HSP-60, and HSP-25) and phospho-AKT were affected. In addition, both continuous and pulsed RF modified the cytoskeletal organization in HDF and increased the number of lysosomes, while the formation of autophagosomes was observed only after pulsed RF exposure. Mitotic spindle anomalies were also found after exposure. However, no significant effect was observed on cell cycle, chromosome segregation, CREST-stained micronuclei and γ-H2AX/53BP1 foci. Conclusion The results of the present study show the absence of genotoxic damage in 1.6 GHz RF exposed HDF and, although mitotic spindle alterations were observed, they did not have an aneugenic effect. On the other hand, changes in some proteins expression and cell ultrastructure in exposed HDF suggest that RF can potentially induce cell alterations at the morphological and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Massaro
- Radiobiology Section, Defence Center for Biotechnologies, Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania De Sanctis
- Radiobiology Section, Defence Center for Biotechnologies, Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Franchini
- Radiobiology Section, Defence Center for Biotechnologies, Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Regalbuto
- Radiobiology Section, Defence Center for Biotechnologies, Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Alfano
- Radiobiology Section, Defence Center for Biotechnologies, Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Focaccetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Sgura
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Barbato
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Rossi
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Nardozi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Radiobiology Section, Defence Center for Biotechnologies, Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
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8
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Meza-Espinoza JP, González-García JR, Nieto-Marín N, Patrón-Baro LI, González-Arreola RM, Arámbula-Meraz E, Benítez-Pascual J, De la Herrán-Arita AK, Norzagaray-Valenzuela CD, Valdez-Flores MA, Carrillo-Cázares TA, Picos-Cárdenas VJ. Chromosomal instability in a patient with ring chromosome 14 syndrome: a case report. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:17. [PMID: 39020403 PMCID: PMC11256661 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-024-00686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ring chromosome 14 syndrome is a rare disorder primarily marked by early-onset epilepsy, microcephaly, distinctive craniofacial features, hypotonia, intellectual disability, and delay in both development and language acquisition. CASE PRESENTATION A 21-year-old woman with a history of epileptic seizures since the age of 1.5 years presented with distinctive craniofacial features, including a prominent and narrow forehead, sparse and short eyebrows, palpebral ptosis, horizontal palpebral fissures, a broad nasal bridge, a prominent nasal tip, a flat philtrum, hypertelorism, midfacial hypoplasia, horizontal labial fissures, a thin upper lip, crowded teeth, an ogival palate, retrognathia, and a wide neck. Additional physical abnormalities included kyphosis, lumbar scoliosis, pectus carinatum, cubitus valgus, thenar and hypothenar hypoplasia, bilateral hallux valgus, shortening of the Achilles tendon on the left foot, and hypoplasia of the labia minora. Chromosomal analysis identified a ring 14 chromosome with breakpoints in p11 and q32.33. An aCGH study revealed a ~ 1.7 Mb deletion on chromosome 14qter, encompassing 23 genes. Genomic instability was evidenced by the presence of micronuclei and aneuploidies involving the ring and other chromosomes. CONCLUSION The clinical features of our patient closely resembled those observed in other individuals with ring chromosome 14 syndrome. The most important point was that we were able to verify an instability of the r(14) chromosome, mainly involving anaphasic lags and its exclusion from the nucleus in the form of a micronucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Ramón González-García
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Nayeli Nieto-Marín
- Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México
| | - Liliana Itzel Patrón-Baro
- Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México
| | | | - Eliakym Arámbula-Meraz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sin, México
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9
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Labat-de-Hoz L, Fernández-Martín L, Correas I, Alonso MA. INF2 formin variants linked to human inherited kidney disease reprogram the transcriptome, causing mitotic chaos and cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:279. [PMID: 38916773 PMCID: PMC11335204 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the human INF2 gene cause autosomal dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)-a condition characterized by podocyte loss, scarring, and subsequent kidney degeneration. To understand INF2-linked pathogenicity, we examined the effect of pathogenic INF2 on renal epithelial cell lines and human primary podocytes. Our study revealed an increased incidence of mitotic cells with surplus microtubule-organizing centers fostering multipolar spindle assembly, leading to nuclear abnormalities, particularly multi-micronucleation. The levels of expression of exogenous pathogenic INF2 were similar to those of endogenous INF2. The aberrant nuclear phenotypes were observed regardless of the expression method used (retrovirus infection or plasmid transfection) or the promoter (LTR or CMV) used, and were absent with exogenous wild type INF2 expression. This indicates that the effect of pathogenic INF2 is not due to overexpression or experimental cell manipulation, but instead to the intrinsic properties of pathogenic INF2. Inactivation of the INF2 catalytic domain prevented aberrant nuclei formation. Pathogenic INF2 triggered the translocation of the transcriptional cofactor MRTF into the nucleus. RNA sequencing revealed a profound alteration in the transcriptome that could be primarily attributed to the sustained activation of the MRTF-SRF transcriptional complex. Cells eventually underwent mitotic catastrophe and death. Reducing MRTF-SRF activation mitigated multi-micronucleation, reducing the extent of cell death. Our results, if validated in animal models, could provide insights into the mechanism driving glomerular degeneration in INF2-linked FSGS and may suggest potential therapeutic strategies for impeding FSGS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Labat-de-Hoz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Mascanzoni F, Ayala I, Iannitti R, Luini A, Colanzi A. The Golgi checkpoint: Golgi unlinking during G2 is necessary for spindle formation and cytokinesis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302469. [PMID: 38479814 PMCID: PMC10941482 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Entry into mitosis requires not only correct DNA replication but also extensive cell reorganization, including the separation of the Golgi ribbon into isolated stacks. To understand the significance of pre-mitotic Golgi reorganization, we devised a strategy to first block Golgi segregation, with the consequent G2-arrest, and then force entry into mitosis. We found that the cells forced to enter mitosis with an intact Golgi ribbon showed remarkable cell division defects, including spindle multipolarity and binucleation. The spindle defects were caused by reduced levels at the centrosome of the kinase Aurora-A, a pivotal spindle formation regulator controlled by Golgi segregation. Overexpression of Aurora-A rescued spindle formation, indicating a crucial role of the Golgi-dependent recruitment of Aurora-A at the centrosome. Thus, our results reveal that alterations of the pre-mitotic Golgi segregation in G2 have profound consequences on the fidelity of later mitotic processes and represent potential risk factors for cell transformation and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Mascanzoni
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Ayala
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Iannitti
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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11
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Varshney S, O'Connor OL, Gora AH, Rehman S, Kiron V, Siriyappagouder P, Dahle D, Kögel T, Ørnsrud R, Olsvik PA. Mixture toxicity of 6PPD-quinone and polystyrene nanoplastics in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123835. [PMID: 38521395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution, including micro- and nanoplastics, is a growing concern. Tyre-wear particles (TWPs) are the second largest source of microplastics in the ocean following abrasion of synthetic fibres. In addition to the particles themselves, TWPs contain many harmful chemicals, including 6PPD. This chemical reacts with atmospheric ozone and forms the toxic compound 6PPD-quinone (6PPDq), which poses a danger to aquatic life. There is a knowledge gap in understanding risks associated with the combined toxicity of nanoplastics (NPs) and 6PPDq. The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity of NPs and 6PPDq on adult zebrafish using phenotypic (behaviour, histology) and transcriptomic endpoints. Zebrafish were exposed to four treatments: control (contaminant-free), 50 μg/L 6PPDq, 3 mg/L polystyrene (PS)-NPs, and a combination of 50 μg/L 6PPDq and 3 mg/L PS-NPs. We did not observe locomotory dysregulation in zebrafish exposed to NPs. However, we found significant hyperlocomotion in zebrafish exposed to 6PPDq and this effect was even more substantial after co-exposure with PS-NPs. This study explores the molecular mechanisms behind these effects, identifying genes associated with neurotransmitters and fatty acid metabolism that were dysregulated by the co-exposure. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that both 6PPDq and PS-NPs impacted cellular processes associated with sterol biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, and muscle tissue development. The effects on these mechanisms were stronger in co-exposed zebrafish, indicating a heightened risk to cellular integrity and mitochondrial dysfunction. These results highlight the significance of mixture toxicity when studying the effects of NPs and associated chemicals like 6PPDq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Varshney
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Olivia L O'Connor
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Saima Rehman
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Dalia Dahle
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Tanja Kögel
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Pål A Olsvik
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
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12
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Vicente JJ, Wagenbach M, Decarreau J, Zelter A, MacCoss MJ, Davis TN, Wordeman L. The kinesin motor Kif9 regulates centriolar satellite positioning and mitotic progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587821. [PMID: 38617353 PMCID: PMC11014612 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Centrosomes are the principal microtubule-organizing centers of the cell and play an essential role in mitotic spindle function. Centrosome biogenesis is achieved by strict control of protein acquisition and phosphorylation prior to mitosis. Defects in this process promote fragmentation of pericentriolar material culminating in multipolar spindles and chromosome missegregation. Centriolar satellites, membrane-less aggrupations of proteins involved in the trafficking of proteins toward and away from the centrosome, are thought to contribute to centrosome biogenesis. Here we show that the microtubule plus-end directed kinesin motor Kif9 localizes to centriolar satellites and regulates their pericentrosomal localization during interphase. Lack of Kif9 leads to aggregation of satellites closer to the centrosome and increased centrosomal protein degradation that disrupts centrosome maturation and results in chromosome congression and segregation defects during mitosis. Our data reveal roles for Kif9 and centriolar satellites in the regulation of cellular proteostasis and mitosis.
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13
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Jin T, Ding L, Chen J, Zou X, Xu T, Xuan Z, Wang S, Chen J, Wang W, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Huang P, Pan Z, Ge M. BUB1/KIF14 complex promotes anaplastic thyroid carcinoma progression by inducing chromosome instability. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18182. [PMID: 38498903 PMCID: PMC10948175 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) is a common contributor driving the formation and progression of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), but its mechanism remains unclear. The BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase (BUB1) is responsible for the alignment of mitotic chromosomes, which has not been thoroughly studied in ATC. Our research demonstrated that BUB1 was remarkably upregulated and closely related to worse progression-free survival. Knockdown of BUB1 attenuated cell viability, invasion, migration and induced cell cycle arrests, whereas overexpression of BUB1 promoted the cell cycle progression of papillary thyroid cancer cells. BUB1 knockdown remarkably repressed tumour growth and tumour formation of nude mice with ATC xenografts and suppressed tumour metastasis in a zebrafish xenograft model. Inhibition of BUB1 by its inhibitor BAY-1816032 also exhibited considerable anti-tumour activity. Further studies showed that enforced expression of BUB1 evoked CIN in ATC cells. BUB1 induced CIN through phosphorylation of KIF14 at serine1292 (Ser1292 ). Overexpression of the KIF14ΔSer1292 mutant was unable to facilitate the aggressiveness of ATC cells when compared with that of the wild type. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the BUB1/KIF14 complex drives the aggressiveness of ATC by inducing CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefeng Jin
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Lingling Ding
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Jinming Chen
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaozhou Zou
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Tong Xu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Jianqiang Chen
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine CenterZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Chaozhuang Zhu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Minghua Ge
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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14
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Di Nardo M, Astigiano S, Baldari S, Pallotta MM, Porta G, Pigozzi S, Antonini A, Emionite L, Frattini A, Valli R, Toietta G, Soddu S, Musio A. The synergism of SMC1A cohesin gene silencing and bevacizumab against colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:49. [PMID: 38365745 PMCID: PMC10870497 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SMC1A is a subunit of the cohesin complex that participates in many DNA- and chromosome-related biological processes. Previous studies have established that SMC1A is involved in cancer development and in particular, is overexpressed in chromosomally unstable human colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate whether SMC1A could serve as a therapeutic target for CRC. METHODS At first, we studied the effects of either SMC1A overexpression or knockdown in vitro. Next, the outcome of SMC1A knocking down (alone or in combination with bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor) was analyzed in vivo. RESULTS We found that SMC1A knockdown affects cell proliferation and reduces the ability to grow in anchorage-independent manner. Next, we demonstrated that the silencing of SMC1A and the combo treatment were effective in increasing overall survival in a xenograft mouse model. Functional analyses indicated that both treatments lead to atypical mitotic figures and gene expression dysregulation. Differentially expressed genes were implicated in several pathways including gene transcription regulation, cellular proliferation, and other transformation-associated processes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SMC1A silencing, in combination with bevacizumab, can represent a promising therapeutic strategy for human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Di Nardo
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche (ITB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Moruzzi, Pisa, 1 56124, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Baldari
- Dipartimento Ricerca e Tecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Pallotta
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche (ITB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Moruzzi, Pisa, 1 56124, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sezione di Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Pigozzi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Antonini
- Dipartimento Ricerca e Tecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Frattini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sezione di Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Valli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sezione di Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gabriele Toietta
- Dipartimento Ricerca e Tecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Dipartimento Ricerca e Tecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Musio
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche (ITB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Moruzzi, Pisa, 1 56124, Italy.
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15
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Yim YI, Pedrosa A, Wu X, Chinthalapudi K, Cheney RE, Hammer JA. Mechanisms underlying Myosin 10's contribution to the maintenance of mitotic spindle bipolarity. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar14. [PMID: 38019611 PMCID: PMC10881153 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-07-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin 10 (Myo10) couples microtubules and integrin-based adhesions to movement along actin filaments via its microtubule-binding MyTH4 domain and integrin-binding FERM domain, respectively. Here we show that Myo10-depleted HeLa cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) both exhibit a pronounced increase in the frequency of multipolar spindles. Staining of unsynchronized metaphase cells showed that the primary driver of spindle multipolarity in Myo10-depleted MEFs and in Myo10-depleted HeLa cells lacking supernumerary centrosomes is pericentriolar material (PCM) fragmentation, which creates y-tubulin-positive acentriolar foci that serve as extra spindle poles. For HeLa cells possessing supernumerary centrosomes, Myo10 depletion further accentuates spindle multipolarity by impairing the clustering of the extra spindle poles. Complementation experiments show that Myo10 must interact with both microtubules and integrins to promote PCM/pole integrity. Conversely, Myo10 only needs interact with integrins to promote supernumerary centrosome clustering. Importantly, images of metaphase Halo-Myo10 knockin cells show that the myosin localizes exclusively to the spindle and the tips of adhesive retraction fibers. We conclude that Myo10 promotes PCM/pole integrity in part by interacting with spindle microtubules, and that it promotes supernumerary centrosome clustering by supporting retraction fiber-based cell adhesion, which likely serves to anchor the microtubule-based forces driving pole focusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-In Yim
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Antonio Pedrosa
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Krishna Chinthalapudi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Richard E. Cheney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - John A. Hammer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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16
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Payton M, Belmontes B, Hanestad K, Moriguchi J, Chen K, McCarter JD, Chung G, Ninniri MS, Sun J, Manoukian R, Chambers S, Ho SM, Kurzeja RJM, Edson KZ, Dahal UP, Wu T, Wannberg S, Beltran PJ, Canon J, Boghossian AS, Rees MG, Ronan MM, Roth JA, Minocherhomji S, Bourbeau MP, Allen JR, Coxon A, Tamayo NA, Hughes PE. Small-molecule inhibition of kinesin KIF18A reveals a mitotic vulnerability enriched in chromosomally unstable cancers. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:66-84. [PMID: 38151625 PMCID: PMC10824666 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer, caused by persistent errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Aggressive cancers like high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a high frequency of CIN and TP53 mutations. Here, we show that inhibitors of the KIF18A motor protein activate the mitotic checkpoint and selectively kill chromosomally unstable cancer cells. Sensitivity to KIF18A inhibition is enriched in TP53-mutant HGSOC and TNBC cell lines with CIN features, including in a subset of CCNE1-amplified, CDK4-CDK6-inhibitor-resistant and BRCA1-altered cell line models. Our KIF18A inhibitors have minimal detrimental effects on human bone marrow cells in culture, distinct from other anti-mitotic agents. In mice, inhibition of KIF18A leads to robust anti-cancer effects with tumor regression observed in human HGSOC and TNBC models at well-tolerated doses. Collectively, our results provide a rational therapeutic strategy for selective targeting of CIN cancers via KIF18A inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Payton
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
| | | | - Kelly Hanestad
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jodi Moriguchi
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Kui Chen
- Lead Discovery and Characterization, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - John D McCarter
- Lead Discovery and Characterization, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Grace Chung
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Jan Sun
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Seok-Man Ho
- Research Biomics, Amgen Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tian Wu
- Pre-Pivotal Drug Product, Amgen Process Development, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jude Canon
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sheroy Minocherhomji
- Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Angela Coxon
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Nuria A Tamayo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Paul E Hughes
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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17
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Zekušić M, Bujić Mihica M, Skoko M, Vukušić K, Risteski P, Martinčić J, Tolić IM, Bendelja K, Ramić S, Dolenec T, Vrgoč Zimić I, Puljić D, Petric Vicković I, Iveković R, Batarilo I, Prosenc Zmrzljak U, Hoffmeister A, Vučemilo T. New characterization and safety evaluation of human limbal stem cells used in clinical application: fidelity of mitotic process and mitotic spindle morphologies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:368. [PMID: 38093301 PMCID: PMC10720168 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limbal stem cells (LSCs) are crucial for the regeneration of the corneal epithelium in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Thus, LSCs during cultivation in vitro should be in highly homogeneous amounts, while potency and expression of stemness without tumorigenesis would be desirable. Therefore, further characterization and safety evaluation of engineered limbal grafts is required to provide safe and high-quality therapeutic applications. METHODS After in vitro expansion, LSCs undergo laboratory characterization in a single-cell suspension, cell culture, and in limbal grafts before transplantation. Using a clinically applicable protocol, the data collected on LSCs at passage 1 were summarized, including: identity (cell size, morphology); potency (yield, viability, population doubling time, colony-forming efficiency); expression of putative stem cell markers through flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Then, mitotic chromosome stability and normal mitotic outcomes were explored by using live-cell imaging. Finally, impurities, bacterial endotoxins and sterility were determined. RESULTS Expression of the stemness marker p63 in single-cell suspension and in cell culture showed high values by different methods. Limbal grafts showed p63-positive cells (78.7 ± 9.4%), Ki67 proliferation (41.7 ± 15.9%), while CK3 was negative. Impurity with 3T3 feeder cells and endotoxins was minimized. We presented mitotic spindles with a length of 11.40 ± 0.54 m and a spindle width of 8.05 ± 0.55 m as new characterization in LSC culture. Additionally, live-cell imaging of LSCs (n = 873) was performed, and only a small fraction < 2.5% of aberrant interphase cells was observed; 2.12 ± 2.10% of mitotic spindles exhibited a multipolar phenotype during metaphase, and 3.84 ± 3.77% of anaphase cells had a DNA signal present within the spindle midzone, indicating a chromosome bridge or lagging chromosome phenotype. CONCLUSION This manuscript provides, for the first time, detailed characterization of the parameters of fidelity of the mitotic process and mitotic spindle morphologies of LSCs used in a direct clinical application. Our data show that p63-positive CK3-negative LSCs grown in vitro for clinical purposes undergo mitotic processes with extremely high fidelity, suggesting high karyotype stability. This finding confirms LSCs as a high-quality and safe therapy for eye regeneration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Zekušić
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Bujić Mihica
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Skoko
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kruno Vukušić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrik Risteski
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Martinčić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva M Tolić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešo Bendelja
- Center for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Laboratory of Immunology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Ramić
- Department of Oncological Pathology and Clinical Cytology 'Ljudevit Jurak', University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Dolenec
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vrgoč Zimić
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dominik Puljić
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivanka Petric Vicković
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Iveković
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivanka Batarilo
- Department of Microbiology, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Uršula Prosenc Zmrzljak
- Molecular Biology Department, BIA Separations CRO, Labena d.O.O, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Labena d.o.o, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Tiha Vučemilo
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
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18
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Song H, Kim EH, Hong J, Gwon D, Kim JW, Bae GU, Jang CY. Hornerin mediates phosphorylation of the polo-box domain in Plk1 by Chk1 to induce death in mitosis. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2151-2166. [PMID: 37596441 PMCID: PMC10482915 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome assembles a bipolar spindle for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. To prevent the inheritance of DNA damage, the DNA damage response (DDR) triggers programmed spindle multipolarity and concomitant death in mitosis through a poorly understood mechanism. We identified hornerin, which forms a complex with checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) to mediate phosphorylation at the polo-box domain (PBD) of Plk1, as the link between the DDR and death in mitosis. We demonstrate that hornerin mediates DDR-induced precocious centriole disengagement through a dichotomous mechanism that includes sequestration of Sgo1 and Plk1 in the cytoplasm through phosphorylation of the PBD in Plk1 by Chk1. Phosphorylation of the PBD in Plk1 abolishes the interaction with Sgo1 and phosphorylation-dependent Sgo1 translocation to the centrosome, leading to precocious centriole disengagement and spindle multipolarity. Mechanistically, hornerin traps phosphorylated Plk1 in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, PBD phosphorylation inactivates Plk1 and disrupts Cep192::Aurora A::Plk1 complex translocation to the centrosome and concurrent centrosome maturation. Remarkably, hornerin depletion leads to chemoresistance against DNA damaging agents by attenuating DDR-induced death in mitosis. These results reveal how the DDR eradicates mitotic cells harboring DNA damage to ensure genome integrity during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Song
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Hong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Gwon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Won Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Young Jang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Li X, Bloomfield M, Bridgeland A, Cimini D, Chen J. A fine balance among key biophysical factors is required for recovery of bipolar mitotic spindle from monopolar and multipolar abnormalities. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar90. [PMID: 37342878 PMCID: PMC10398891 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-10-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, equal partitioning of chromosomes into two daughter cells requires assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle. Because the spindle poles are each organized by a centrosome in animal cells, centrosome defects can lead to monopolar or multipolar spindles. However, the cell can effectively recover the bipolar spindle by separating the centrosomes in monopolar spindles and clustering them in multipolar spindles. To interrogate how a cell can separate and cluster centrosomes as needed to form a bipolar spindle, we developed a biophysical model, based on experimental data, which uses effective potential energies to describe key mechanical forces driving centrosome movements during spindle assembly. Our model identified general biophysical factors crucial for robust bipolarization of spindles that start as monopolar or multipolar. These factors include appropriate force fluctuation between centrosomes, balance between repulsive and attractive forces between centrosomes, exclusion of the centrosomes from the cell center, proper cell size and geometry, and a limited centrosome number. Consistently, we found experimentally that bipolar centrosome clustering is promoted as mitotic cell aspect ratio and volume decrease in tetraploid cancer cells. Our model provides mechanistic explanations for many more experimental phenomena and a useful theoretical framework for future studies of spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- BIOTRANS Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Mathew Bloomfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Alexandra Bridgeland
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Systems Biology Program, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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20
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Yim YI, Pedrosa A, Wu X, Chinthalapudi K, Cheney RE, Hammer JA. Myosin 10 uses its MyTH4 and FERM domains differentially to support two aspects of spindle pole biology required for mitotic spindle bipolarity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545002. [PMID: 37398378 PMCID: PMC10312724 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Myosin 10 (Myo10) has the ability to link actin filaments to integrin-based adhesions and to microtubules by virtue of its integrin-binding FERM domain and microtubule-binding MyTH4 domain, respectively. Here we used Myo10 knockout cells to define Myo10's contribution to the maintenance of spindle bipolarity, and complementation to quantitate the relative contributions of its MyTH4 and FERM domains. Myo10 knockout HeLa cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) both exhibit a pronounced increase in the frequency of multipolar spindles. Staining of unsynchronized metaphase cells showed that the primary driver of spindle multipolarity in knockout MEFs and knockout HeLa cells lacking supernumerary centrosomes is pericentriolar material (PCM) fragmentation, which creates γ-tubulin-positive acentriolar foci that serve as additional spindle poles. For HeLa cells possessing supernumerary centrosomes, Myo10 depletion further accentuates spindle multipolarity by impairing the clustering of the extra spindle poles. Complementation experiments show that Myo10 must interact with both integrins and microtubules to promote PCM/pole integrity. Conversely, Myo10's ability to promote the clustering of supernumerary centrosomes only requires that it interact with integrins. Importantly, images of Halo-Myo10 knock-in cells show that the myosin localizes exclusively within adhesive retraction fibers during mitosis. Based on these and other results, we conclude that Myo10 promotes PCM/pole integrity at a distance, and that it facilitates supernumerary centrosome clustering by promoting retraction fiber-based cell adhesion, which likely provides an anchor for the microtubule-based forces driving pole focusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-In Yim
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Antonio Pedrosa
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Krishna Chinthalapudi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Richard E. Cheney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - John A. Hammer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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21
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He S, Gillies JP, Zang JL, Córdoba-Beldad CM, Yamamoto I, Fujiwara Y, Grantham J, DeSantis ME, Shibuya H. Distinct dynein complexes defined by DYNLRB1 and DYNLRB2 regulate mitotic and male meiotic spindle bipolarity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1715. [PMID: 36973253 PMCID: PMC10042829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle formation in male meiosis relies on the canonical centrosome system, which is distinct from acentrosomal oocyte meiosis, but its specific regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we report that DYNLRB2 (Dynein light chain roadblock-type-2) is a male meiosis-upregulated dynein light chain that is indispensable for spindle formation in meiosis I. In Dynlrb2 KO mouse testes, meiosis progression is arrested in metaphase I due to the formation of multipolar spindles with fragmented pericentriolar material (PCM). DYNLRB2 inhibits PCM fragmentation through two distinct pathways; suppressing premature centriole disengagement and targeting NuMA (nuclear mitotic apparatus) to spindle poles. The ubiquitously expressed mitotic counterpart, DYNLRB1, has similar roles in mitotic cells and maintains spindle bipolarity by targeting NuMA and suppressing centriole overduplication. Our work demonstrates that two distinct dynein complexes containing DYNLRB1 or DYNLRB2 are separately used in mitotic and meiotic spindle formations, respectively, and that both have NuMA as a common target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen He
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John P Gillies
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Juliana L Zang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carmen M Córdoba-Beldad
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Io Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Julie Grantham
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Morgan E DeSantis
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hiroki Shibuya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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22
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Song C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Bie J, Wang Z, Yang X, Li H, Zhu L, Zhang T, Chang Q, Luo J. The phosphorylation of PHF5A by TrkA-ERK1/2-ABL1 cascade regulates centrosome separation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:98. [PMID: 36759599 PMCID: PMC9911754 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
During interphase, the newly duplicated pairs of centrosomes are held together by a centrosome linker, and the centrosome separation needs the disruption of this linker to induce the duplicated centrosomes separating into two distinct microtubule organization centers. The mechanism of regulating centrosome separation is however poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that the phosphorylation of PHF5A at Y36 by the TrkA-ERK1/2-ABL1 cascade plays a critical role in regulating centrosome separation. PHF5A, a well-characterized spliceosome component, is enriched in the centrosome. The pY36-PHF5A promotes the interaction between CEP250 and Nek2A in a spliceosomal-independent manner, which leads to premature centrosome separation. Furthermore, the unmatured centrosome remodels the microtubule and subsequently regulates cell proliferation and migration. Importantly, we found that the phosphorylation cascade of TrkA-ERK1/2-ABL1-PHF5A is hyper-regulated in medulloblastoma. The inhibition of this cascade can induce senescence and restrict the proliferation of medulloblastoma. Our findings on this phosphorylation cascade in regulating centrosome separation could provide a series of potential targets for restricting the progress of medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Juntao Bie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Haishuang Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liangyi Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science; Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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23
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Lopes D, Seabra AL, Orr B, Maiato H. α-Tubulin detyrosination links the suppression of MCAK activity with taxol cytotoxicity. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213730. [PMID: 36459065 PMCID: PMC9723805 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
α/β-Tubulin posttranslational modifications (PTMs) generate microtubule diversity, but whether they account for cancer cell resistance to microtubule-targeting drugs remains unknown. Here, we performed a pilot dissection of the "cancer tubulin code" using the NCI-60 cancer cell panel. We found that acetylated, detyrosinated, and ∆2-α-tubulin that typically accumulate on stable microtubules were uncoupled in many cancer cells. Acetylated α-tubulin did not affect microtubule dynamics, whereas its levels correlated with, but were not required for, taxol-induced cytotoxicity. In contrast, experimental increase of α-tubulin detyrosination, and/or depletion of the detyrosination-sensitive microtubule-depolymerizing enzyme MCAK, enhanced taxol-induced cytotoxicity by promoting cell death in mitosis and the subsequent interphase, without causing a cumulative effect. Interestingly, only increased detyrosinated α-tubulin aggravated taxol-induced spindle multipolarity. Overall, we identified high α-tubulin acetylation as a potential biomarker for cancer cell response to taxol and uncovered a mechanistic link between α-tubulin detyrosination and the suppression of MCAK activity in taxol-induced cytotoxicity, likely by promoting chromosome missegregation, regardless of spindle defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Lopes
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre L Seabra
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Orr
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Cell Division Group, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Lodde V, Garcia Barros R, Terzaghi L, Franciosi F, Luciano AM. Insights on the Role of PGRMC1 in Mitotic and Meiotic Cell Division. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235755. [PMID: 36497237 PMCID: PMC9736406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, chromosome missegregation and cytokinesis defects have been recognized as hallmarks of cancer cells. Cytoskeletal elements composing the spindle and the contractile ring and their associated proteins play crucial roles in the faithful progression of mitotic cell division. The hypothesis that PGRMC1, most likely as a part of a yet-to-be-defined complex, is involved in the regulation of spindle function and, more broadly, the cytoskeletal machinery driving cell division is particularly appealing. Nevertheless, more than ten years after the preliminary observation that PGRMC1 changes its localization dynamically during meiotic and mitotic cell division, this field of research has remained a niche and needs to be fully explored. To encourage research in this fascinating field, in this review, we will recap the current knowledge on PGRMC1 function during mitotic and meiotic cell division, critically highlighting the strengths and limitations of the experimental approaches used so far. We will focus on known interacting partners as well as new putative associated proteins that have recently arisen in the literature and that might support current as well as new hypotheses of a role for PGRMC1 in specific spindle subcompartments, such as the centrosome, kinetochores, and the midzone/midbody.
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25
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Bühler M, Fahrländer J, Sauter A, Becker M, Wistorf E, Steinfath M, Stolz A. GPER1 links estrogens to centrosome amplification and chromosomal instability in human colon cells. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 6:6/1/e202201499. [PMID: 36384894 PMCID: PMC9670797 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the alternate G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression is unclear, not least because of conflicting clinical and experimental evidence for pro- and anti-tumorigenic activities. Here, we show that low concentrations of the estrogenic GPER1 ligands, 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A, and diethylstilbestrol cause the generation of lagging chromosomes in normal colon and CRC cell lines, which manifest in whole chromosomal instability and aneuploidy. Mechanistically, (xeno)estrogens triggered centrosome amplification by inducing centriole overduplication that leads to transient multipolar mitotic spindles, chromosome alignment defects, and mitotic laggards. Remarkably, we could demonstrate a significant role of estrogen-activated GPER1 in centrosome amplification and increased karyotype variability. Indeed, both gene-specific knockdown and inhibition of GPER1 effectively restored normal centrosome numbers and karyotype stability in cells exposed to 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A, or diethylstilbestrol. Thus, our results reveal a novel link between estrogen-activated GPER1 and the induction of key CRC-prone lesions, supporting a pivotal role of the alternate estrogen receptor in colon neoplastic transformation and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ailine Stolz
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany
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26
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Morphological growth dynamics, mechanical stability, and active microtubule mechanics underlying spindle self-organization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209053119. [PMID: 36282919 PMCID: PMC9636915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209053119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle is a dynamic intracellular structure self-organized from microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins. The spindle’s bipolar morphology is essential for the faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division, and it is robustly maintained by multifaceted mechanisms. However, abnormally shaped spindles, such as multipolar spindles, can stochastically arise in a cell population and cause chromosome segregation errors. The physical basis of how microtubules fail in bipolarization and occasionally favor nonbipolar assembly is poorly understood. Here, using live fluorescence imaging and quantitative shape analysis in
Xenopus
egg extracts, we find that spindles of varied shape morphologies emerge through nonrandom, bistable self-organization paths, one leading to a bipolar and the other leading to a multipolar phenotype. The bistability defines the spindle’s unique morphological growth dynamics linked to each shape phenotype and can be promoted by a locally distorted microtubule flow that arises within premature structures. We also find that bipolar and multipolar spindles are stable at the steady-state in bulk but can infrequently switch between the two phenotypes. Our microneedle-based physical manipulation further demonstrates that a transient force perturbation applied near the assembled pole can trigger the phenotypic switching, revealing the mechanical plasticity of the spindle. Together with molecular perturbation of kinesin-5 and augmin, our data propose the physical and molecular bases underlying the emergence of spindle-shape variation, which influences chromosome segregation fidelity during cell division.
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27
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Yunes SA, Willoughby JLS, Kwan JH, Biagi JM, Pokharel N, Chin HG, York EA, Su KC, George K, Shah JV, Emili A, Schaus SE, Hansen U. Factor quinolinone inhibitors disrupt spindles and multiple LSF (TFCP2)-protein interactions in mitosis, including with microtubule-associated proteins. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268857. [PMID: 35704642 PMCID: PMC9200292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor quinolinone inhibitors (FQIs), a first-in-class set of small molecule inhibitors targeted to the transcription factor LSF (TFCP2), exhibit promising cancer chemotherapeutic properties. FQI1, the initial lead compound identified, unexpectedly induced a concentration-dependent delay in mitotic progression. Here, we show that FQI1 can rapidly and reversibly lead to mitotic arrest, even when added directly to mitotic cells, implying that FQI1-mediated mitotic defects are not transcriptionally based. Furthermore, treatment with FQIs resulted in a striking, concentration-dependent diminishment of spindle microtubules, accompanied by a concentration-dependent increase in multi-aster formation. Aberrant γ-tubulin localization was also observed. These phenotypes suggest that perturbation of spindle microtubules is the primary event leading to the mitotic delays upon FQI1 treatment. Previously, FQIs were shown to specifically inhibit not only LSF DNA-binding activity, which requires LSF oligomerization to tetramers, but also other specific LSF-protein interactions. Other transcription factors participate in mitosis through non-transcriptional means, and we recently reported that LSF directly binds α-tubulin and is present in purified cellular tubulin preparations. Consistent with a microtubule role for LSF, here we show that LSF enhanced the rate of tubulin polymerization in vitro, and FQI1 inhibited such polymerization. To probe whether the FQI1-mediated spindle abnormalities could result from inhibition of mitotic LSF-protein interactions, mass spectrometry was performed using as bait an inducible, tagged form of LSF that is biotinylated by endogenous enzymes. The global proteomics analysis yielded expected associations for a transcription factor, notably with RNA processing machinery, but also to nontranscriptional components. In particular, and consistent with spindle disruption due to FQI treatment, mitotic, FQI1-sensitive interactions were identified between the biotinylated LSF and microtubule-associated proteins that regulate spindle assembly, positioning, and dynamics, as well as centrosome-associated proteins. Probing the mitotic LSF interactome using small molecule inhibitors therefore supported a non-transcriptional role for LSF in mediating progression through mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Yunes
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. S. Willoughby
- Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julian H. Kwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessica M. Biagi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Niranjana Pokharel
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hang Gyeong Chin
- Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily A. York
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kuan-Chung Su
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelly George
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jagesh V. Shah
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew Emili
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Schaus
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ulla Hansen
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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28
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Weiss JD, McVey SL, Stinebaugh SE, Sullivan CF, Dawe RK, Nannas NJ. Frequent Spindle Assembly Errors Require Structural Rearrangement to Complete Meiosis in Zea mays. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084293. [PMID: 35457112 PMCID: PMC9031645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of an organism is contingent upon its ability to faithfully pass on its genetic material. In the meiosis of many species, the process of chromosome segregation requires that bipolar spindles be formed without the aid of dedicated microtubule organizing centers, such as centrosomes. Here, we describe detailed analyses of acentrosomal spindle assembly and disassembly in time-lapse images, from live meiotic cells of Zea mays. Microtubules organized on the nuclear envelope with a perinuclear ring structure until nuclear envelope breakdown, at which point microtubules began bundling into a bipolar form. However, the process and timing of spindle assembly was highly variable, with frequent assembly errors in both meiosis I and II. Approximately 61% of cells formed incorrect spindle morphologies, with the most prevalent being tripolar spindles. The erroneous spindles were actively rearranged to bipolar through a coalescence of poles before proceeding to anaphase. Spindle disassembly occurred as a two-state process with a slow depolymerization, followed by a quick collapse. The results demonstrate that maize meiosis I and II spindle assembly is remarkably fluid in the early assembly stages, but otherwise proceeds through a predictable series of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi D. Weiss
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA; (J.D.W.); (S.L.M.); (S.E.S.); (C.F.S.)
| | - Shelby L. McVey
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA; (J.D.W.); (S.L.M.); (S.E.S.); (C.F.S.)
| | - Sarah E. Stinebaugh
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA; (J.D.W.); (S.L.M.); (S.E.S.); (C.F.S.)
| | - Caroline F. Sullivan
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA; (J.D.W.); (S.L.M.); (S.E.S.); (C.F.S.)
| | - R. Kelly Dawe
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Natalie J. Nannas
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA; (J.D.W.); (S.L.M.); (S.E.S.); (C.F.S.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Wei YL, Fan XJ, Diao YY, She ZY, Wang XR. Kinesin-14 KIFC1 modulates spindle assembly and chromosome segregation in mouse spermatocytes. Exp Cell Res 2022; 414:113095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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30
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Garribba L, Santaguida S. The Dynamic Instability of the Aneuploid Genome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:838928. [PMID: 35265623 PMCID: PMC8899291 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.838928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper partitioning of replicated sister chromatids at each mitosis is crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis. Errors in this process lead to aneuploidy, a condition in which daughter cells harbor genome imbalances. Importantly, aneuploid cells often experience DNA damage, which in turn could drive genome instability. This might be the product of DNA damage accumulation in micronuclei and/or a consequence of aneuploidy-induced replication stress in S-phase. Although high levels of genome instability are associated with cell cycle arrest, they can also confer a proliferative advantage in some circumstances and fuel tumor growth. Here, we review the main consequences of chromosome segregation errors on genome stability, with a special focus on the bidirectional relationship between aneuploidy and DNA damage. Also, we discuss recent findings showing how increased genome instability can provide a proliferation improvement under specific conditions, including chemotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Garribba
- Department of Experimental Oncology at IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Santaguida
- Department of Experimental Oncology at IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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31
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So C, Menelaou K, Uraji J, Harasimov K, Steyer AM, Seres KB, Bucevičius J, Lukinavičius G, Möbius W, Sibold C, Tandler-Schneider A, Eckel H, Moltrecht R, Blayney M, Elder K, Schuh M. Mechanism of spindle pole organization and instability in human oocytes. Science 2022; 375:eabj3944. [PMID: 35143306 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human oocytes are prone to assembling meiotic spindles with unstable poles, which can favor aneuploidy in human eggs. The underlying causes of spindle instability are unknown. We found that NUMA (nuclear mitotic apparatus protein)-mediated clustering of microtubule minus ends focused the spindle poles in human, bovine, and porcine oocytes and in mouse oocytes depleted of acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs). However, unlike human oocytes, bovine, porcine, and aMTOC-free mouse oocytes have stable spindles. We identified the molecular motor KIFC1 (kinesin superfamily protein C1) as a spindle-stabilizing protein that is deficient in human oocytes. Depletion of KIFC1 recapitulated spindle instability in bovine and aMTOC-free mouse oocytes, and the introduction of exogenous KIFC1 rescued spindle instability in human oocytes. Thus, the deficiency of KIFC1 contributes to spindle instability in human oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun So
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katerina Menelaou
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Bourn Hall Clinic, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Uraji
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Bourn Hall Clinic, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katarina Harasimov
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna M Steyer
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K Bianka Seres
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Bourn Hall Clinic, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonas Bucevičius
- Chromatin Labeling and Imaging Group, Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gražvydas Lukinavičius
- Chromatin Labeling and Imaging Group, Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Heike Eckel
- Kinderwunschzentrum Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Melina Schuh
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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32
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Estrogens—Origin of Centrosome Defects in Human Cancer? Cells 2022; 11:cells11030432. [PMID: 35159242 PMCID: PMC8833882 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are associated with a variety of diseases and play important roles in tumor development and progression. Centrosome defects are hallmarks of human cancers and contribute to ongoing chromosome missegragation and aneuploidy that manifest in genomic instability and tumor progression. Although several mechanisms underlie the etiology of centrosome aberrations in human cancer, upstream regulators are hardly known. Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence points to an important role of estrogens in deregulating centrosome homeostasis and promoting karyotype instability. Here, we will summarize existing literature of how natural and synthetic estrogens might contribute to structural and numerical centrosome defects, genomic instability and human carcinogenesis.
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33
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Keep Calm and Carry on with Extra Centrosomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020442. [PMID: 35053604 PMCID: PMC8774008 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Precise chromosome segregation during mitosis is a vital event orchestrated by formation of bipolar spindle poles. Supernumerary centrosomes, caused by centrosome amplification, deteriorates mitotic processes, resulting in segregation defects leading to chromosomal instability (CIN). Centrosome amplification is frequently observed in various types of cancer and considered as a significant contributor to destabilization of chromosomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of causes and consequences of centrosome amplification thoroughly describing molecular mechanisms. Abstract Aberrations in the centrosome number and structure can readily be detected at all stages of tumor progression and are considered hallmarks of cancer. Centrosome anomalies are closely linked to chromosome instability and, therefore, are proposed to be one of the driving events of tumor formation and progression. This concept, first posited by Boveri over 100 years ago, has been an area of interest to cancer researchers. We have now begun to understand the processes by which these numerical and structural anomalies may lead to cancer, and vice-versa: how key events that occur during carcinogenesis could lead to amplification of centrosomes. Despite the proliferative advantages that having extra centrosomes may confer, their presence can also lead to loss of essential genetic material as a result of segregational errors and cancer cells must deal with these deadly consequences. Here, we review recent advances in the current literature describing the mechanisms by which cancer cells amplify their centrosomes and the methods they employ to tolerate the presence of these anomalies, focusing particularly on centrosomal clustering.
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Argenty J, Rouquié N, Bories C, Mélique S, Duplan-Eche V, Saoudi A, Fazilleau N, Lesourne R. A selective LIS1 requirement for mitotic spindle assembly discriminates distinct T-cell division mechanisms within the T-cell lineage. eLife 2022; 11:80277. [PMID: 36519536 PMCID: PMC9797186 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to proliferate is a common feature of most T-cell populations. However, proliferation follows different cell-cycle dynamics and is coupled to different functional outcomes according to T-cell subsets. Whether the mitotic machineries supporting these qualitatively distinct proliferative responses are identical remains unknown. Here, we show that disruption of the microtubule-associated protein LIS1 in mouse models leads to proliferative defects associated with a blockade of T-cell development after β-selection and of peripheral CD4+ T-cell expansion after antigen priming. In contrast, cell divisions in CD8+ T cells occurred independently of LIS1 following T-cell antigen receptor stimulation, although LIS1 was required for proliferation elicited by pharmacological activation. In thymocytes and CD4+ T cells, LIS1 deficiency did not affect signaling events leading to activation but led to an interruption of proliferation after the initial round of division and to p53-induced cell death. Proliferative defects resulted from a mitotic failure, characterized by the presence of extra-centrosomes and the formation of multipolar spindles, causing abnormal chromosomes congression during metaphase and separation during telophase. LIS1 was required to stabilize dynein/dynactin complexes, which promote chromosome attachment to mitotic spindles and ensure centrosome integrity. Together, these results suggest that proliferative responses are supported by distinct mitotic machineries across T-cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Argenty
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Nelly Rouquié
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Cyrielle Bories
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Suzanne Mélique
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Valérie Duplan-Eche
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Renaud Lesourne
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
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35
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Tools used to assay genomic instability in cancers and cancer meiomitosis. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:159-177. [PMID: 34841477 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a defining characteristic of cancer and the analysis of DNA damage at the chromosome level is a crucial part of the study of carcinogenesis and genotoxicity. Chromosomal instability (CIN), the most common level of genomic instability in cancers, is defined as the rate of loss or gain of chromosomes through successive divisions. As such, DNA in cancer cells is highly unstable. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. There is a debate as to whether instability succeeds transformation, or if it is a by-product of cancer, and therefore, studying potential molecular and cellular contributors of genomic instability is of high importance. Recent work has suggested an important role for ectopic expression of meiosis genes in driving genomic instability via a process called meiomitosis. Improving understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to the development of targeted therapies that exploit DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Here, we discuss a workflow of novel and established techniques used to assess chromosomal instability as well as the nature of genomic instability such as double strand breaks, micronuclei, and chromatin bridges. For each technique, we discuss their advantages and limitations in a lab setting. Lastly, we provide detailed protocols for the discussed techniques.
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36
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Shao X, Ding Z, Zhou W, Li Y, Li Z, Cui H, Lin X, Cao G, Cheng B, Sun H, Li M, Liu K, Lu D, Geng S, Shi W, Zhang G, Song Q, Chen L, Wang G, Su W, Cai L, Fang L, Leong DT, Li Y, Yu XF, Li H. Intrinsic bioactivity of black phosphorus nanomaterials on mitotic centrosome destabilization through suppression of PLK1 kinase. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1150-1160. [PMID: 34354264 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although nanomaterials have shown promising biomedical application potential, incomplete understanding of their molecular interactions with biological systems prevents their inclusion into mainstream clinical applications. Here we show that black phosphorus (BP) nanomaterials directly affect the cell cycle's centrosome machinery. BP destabilizes mitotic centrosomes by attenuating the cohesion of pericentriolar material and consequently leads to centrosome fragmentation within mitosis. As a result, BP-treated cells exhibit multipolar spindles and mitotic delay, and ultimately undergo apoptosis. Mechanistically, BP compromises centrosome integrity by deactivating the centrosome kinase polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). BP directly binds to PLK1, inducing its aggregation, decreasing its cytosolic mobility and eventually restricting its recruitment to centrosomes for activation. With this mechanism, BP nanomaterials show great anticancer potential in tumour xenografted mice. Together, our study reveals a molecular mechanism for the tumoricidal properties of BP and proposes a direction for biomedical application of nanomaterials by exploring their intrinsic bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Shao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihao Ding
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haodong Cui
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoli Cao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binghua Cheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiqing Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danyi Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengyong Geng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenli Shi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingle Song
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guocheng Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wu Su
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijing Fang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hongchang Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Shenzhen, China.
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37
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Haas OA. Somatic Sex: On the Origin of Neoplasms With Chromosome Counts in Uneven Ploidy Ranges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631946. [PMID: 34422788 PMCID: PMC8373647 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable aneuploid genomes with nonrandom numerical changes in uneven ploidy ranges define distinct subsets of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The idea put forward herein suggests that they emerge from interactions between diploid mitotic and G0/G1 cells, which can in a single step produce all combinations of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and pentasomic paternal/maternal homologue configurations that define such genomes. A nanotube-mediated influx of interphase cell cytoplasm into mitotic cells would thus be responsible for the critical nondisjunction and segregation errors by physically impeding the proper formation of the cell division machinery, whereas only a complete cell fusion can simultaneously generate pentasomies, uniparental trisomies as well as biclonal hypo- and hyperdiploid cell populations. The term "somatic sex" was devised to accentuate the similarities between germ cell and somatic cell fusions. A somatic cell fusion, in particular, recapitulates many processes that are also instrumental in the formation of an abnormal zygote that involves a diploid oocyte and a haploid sperm, which then may further develop into a digynic triploid embryo. Despite their somehow deceptive differences and consequences, the resemblance of these two routes may go far beyond of what has hitherto been appreciated. Based on the arguments put forward herein, I propose that embryonic malignancies of mesenchymal origin with these particular types of aneuploidies can thus be viewed as the kind of flawed somatic equivalent of a digynic triploid embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar A Haas
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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38
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Guo X, Wang C, Tian W, Dai X, Ni J, Wu X, Wang X. Extract of bulbus of Fritillaria cirrhosa induces spindle multipolarity in human-derived colonic epithelial NCM460 cells through promoting centrosome fragmentation. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:95-107. [PMID: 33450026 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulbus of Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (BFC), an outstanding antitussive and expectorant herbal drug used in China and many other countries, has potential but less understood genotoxicity. Previously, we have reported that aqueous extract of BFC compromised the spindle assembly checkpoint and cytokinesis in NCM460 cells. Here, we found that one remarkable observation in BFC-treated NCM460 cells was multipolar mitosis, a trait classically compromises the fidelity of chromosome segregation. More detailed investigation revealed that BFC-induced spindle multipolarity in metaphases and ana-telophases in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting BFC-induced multipolar spindle conformation was not transient. The frequency of multipolar metaphase correlated well to that of multipolar ana-telophases, indicating that BFC-induced multipolar metaphases often persisted through anaphase. Unexpectedly, BFC blocked the proliferation of binucleated cells, suggesting spindle multipolarity was not downstream of BFC-induced cytokinesis failure. Exposure of BFC to early mitotic cells, rather than S/G2 cells, contributed greatly to spindle multipolarity, indicating BFC might disrupt centrosome integrity rather than induce centrosome overduplication. The immunofluorescence results showed that the centrosomes were severely fragmented by a short-term treatment of BFC and the extent of centrosome fragmentation in early mitotic cells was larger than this in S/G2 cells. Consistently, several genes (e.g. p53, Rb centrin-2, Plk-4, Plk-1 and Aurora-A) involved in regulating centrosome integrity were significantly deregulated by BFC. Together, our results suggest that BFC causes multipolar spindles primarily by inducing centrosome fragmentation. Coupling these results to our previous observations, we recommend the risk/benefit ratio should be considered in the practical use of BFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Kunming 24th Middle School, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Weimeng Tian
- Department of Geriatric, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiayu Wu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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39
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Bollen Y, Stelloo E, van Leenen P, van den Bos M, Ponsioen B, Lu B, van Roosmalen MJ, Bolhaqueiro ACF, Kimberley C, Mossner M, Cross WCH, Besselink NJM, van der Roest B, Boymans S, Oost KC, de Vries SG, Rehmann H, Cuppen E, Lens SMA, Kops GJPL, Kloosterman WP, Terstappen LWMM, Barnes CP, Sottoriva A, Graham TA, Snippert HJG. Reconstructing single-cell karyotype alterations in colorectal cancer identifies punctuated and gradual diversification patterns. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1187-1195. [PMID: 34211178 PMCID: PMC8346364 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Central to tumor evolution is the generation of genetic diversity. However, the extent and patterns by which de novo karyotype alterations emerge and propagate within human tumors are not well understood, especially at single-cell resolution. Here, we present 3D Live-Seq-a protocol that integrates live-cell imaging of tumor organoid outgrowth and whole-genome sequencing of each imaged cell to reconstruct evolving tumor cell karyotypes across consecutive cell generations. Using patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids and fresh tumor biopsies, we demonstrate that karyotype alterations of varying complexity are prevalent and can arise within a few cell generations. Sub-chromosomal acentric fragments were prone to replication and collective missegregation across consecutive cell divisions. In contrast, gross genome-wide karyotype alterations were generated in a single erroneous cell division, providing support that aneuploid tumor genomes can evolve via punctuated evolution. Mapping the temporal dynamics and patterns of karyotype diversification in cancer enables reconstructions of evolutionary paths to malignant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Bollen
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Medical Cell Biophysics, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Stelloo
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Petra van Leenen
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Myrna van den Bos
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Ponsioen
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bingxin Lu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Markus J van Roosmalen
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ana C F Bolhaqueiro
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Kimberley
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maximilian Mossner
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - William C H Cross
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Nicolle J M Besselink
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan van der Roest
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Boymans
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen C Oost
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sippe G de Vries
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Rehmann
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A Lens
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wigard P Kloosterman
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leon W M M Terstappen
- Medical Cell Biophysics, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Chris P Barnes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Evolutionary Genomics and Modelling Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hugo J G Snippert
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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40
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Barthel H, Darne C, Gaté L, Visvikis A, Seidel C. Continuous Long-Term Exposure to Low Concentrations of MWCNTs Induces an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in BEAS-2B Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1742. [PMID: 34361127 PMCID: PMC8308165 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the field of nanotechnology, the use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is growing. Pulmonary exposure during their production, use, and handling is raising concerns about their potential adverse health effects. The purpose of this study is to assess how the physical characteristics of MWCNTs, such as diameter and/or length, can play a role in cellular toxicity. Our experimental design is based on the treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) for six weeks with low concentrations (0.125-1 µg/cm2) of MWCNTs having opposite characteristics: NM-403 and Mitsui-7. Following treatment with both MWCNTs, we observed an increase in mitotic abnormalities and micronucleus-positive cells. The cytotoxic effect was delayed in cells treated with NM-403 compared to Mitsui-7. After 4-6 weeks of treatment, a clear cellular morphological change from epithelial to fibroblast-like phenotype was noted, together with a change in the cell population composition. BEAS-2B cells underwent a conversion from the epithelial to mesenchymal state as we observed a decrease in the epithelial marker E-cadherin and an increased expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Fibronectin. After four weeks of recovery, we showed that the induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition is reversible, and that the degree of reversibility depends on the MWCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Barthel
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, CEDEX, F-54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (H.B.); (C.D.); (L.G.)
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, Campus Biologie Santé, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, CEDEX, F-54000 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France;
| | - Christian Darne
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, CEDEX, F-54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (H.B.); (C.D.); (L.G.)
| | - Laurent Gaté
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, CEDEX, F-54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (H.B.); (C.D.); (L.G.)
| | - Athanase Visvikis
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, Campus Biologie Santé, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, CEDEX, F-54000 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France;
| | - Carole Seidel
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, CEDEX, F-54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (H.B.); (C.D.); (L.G.)
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41
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Vermehren-Schmaedick A, Huang JY, Levinson M, Pomaville MB, Reed S, Bellus GA, Gilbert F, Keren B, Heron D, Haye D, Janello C, Makowski C, Danhauser K, Fedorov LM, Haack TB, Wright KM, Cohen MS. Characterization of PARP6 Function in Knockout Mice and Patients with Developmental Delay. Cells 2021; 10:1289. [PMID: 34067418 PMCID: PMC8224619 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP6, a member of a family of enzymes (17 in humans) known as poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), is a neuronally enriched PARP. While previous studies from our group show that Parp6 is a regulator of dendrite morphogenesis in rat hippocampal neurons, its function in the nervous system in vivo is poorly understood. Here, we describe the generation of a Parp6 loss-of-function mouse model for examining the function of Parp6 during neurodevelopment in vivo. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, we generated a mouse line that expressed a Parp6 truncated variant (Parp6TR) in place of Parp6WT. Unlike Parp6WT, Parp6TR is devoid of catalytic activity. Homozygous Parp6TR do not exhibit obvious neuromorphological defects during development, but nevertheless die perinatally. This suggests that Parp6 catalytic activity is important for postnatal survival. We also report PARP6 mutations in six patients with several neurodevelopmental disorders, including microencephaly, intellectual disabilities, and epilepsy. The most severe mutation in PARP6 (C563R) results in the loss of catalytic activity. Expression of Parp6C563R in hippocampal neurons decreases dendrite morphogenesis. To gain further insight into PARP6 function in neurons we also performed a BioID proximity labeling experiment in hippocampal neurons and identified several microtubule-binding proteins (e.g., MAP-2) using proteomics. Taken together, our results suggest that PARP6 is an essential microtubule-regulatory gene in mice, and that the loss of PARP6 catalytic activity has detrimental effects on neuronal function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Vermehren-Schmaedick
- Hospital & Specialty Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Translational Oncology Program, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97210, USA
| | - Jeffrey Y. Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97210, USA; (J.Y.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Madison Levinson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97210, USA; (J.Y.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Matthew B. Pomaville
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (M.B.P.); (K.M.W.)
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah Reed
- Clinical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (S.R.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Gary A. Bellus
- Clinical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (S.R.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Fred Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Brooklyn Hospital, New York, NY 11201, USA;
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (B.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Delphine Heron
- Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (B.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Damien Haye
- Department of Genetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France;
| | - Christine Janello
- Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (C.J.); (C.M.)
| | - Christine Makowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (C.J.); (C.M.)
| | - Katharina Danhauser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (K.D.); (T.B.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Lev M. Fedorov
- Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (K.D.); (T.B.H.)
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kevin M. Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (M.B.P.); (K.M.W.)
| | - Michael S. Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97210, USA; (J.Y.H.); (M.L.)
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42
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Ko HJ, Tsai CY, Chiou SJ, Lai YL, Wang CH, Cheng JT, Chuang TH, Huang CYF, Kwan AL, Loh JK, Hong YR. The Phosphorylation Status of Drp1-Ser637 by PKA in Mitochondrial Fission Modulates Mitophagy via PINK1/Parkin to Exert Multipolar Spindles Assembly during Mitosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:424. [PMID: 33805672 PMCID: PMC7998912 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and fusion cycles are integrated with cell cycle progression. Here we first re-visited how mitochondrial ETC inhibition disturbed mitosis progression, resulting in multipolar spindles formation in HeLa cells. Inhibitors of ETC complex I (rotenone, ROT) and complex III (antimycin A, AA) decreased the phosphorylation of Plk1 T210 and Aurora A T288 in the mitotic phase (M-phase), especially ROT, affecting the dynamic phosphorylation status of fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and the Ser637/Ser616 ratio. We then tested whether specific Drp1 inhibitors, Mdivi-1 or Dynasore, affected the dynamic phosphorylation status of Drp1. Similar to the effects of ROT and AA, our results showed that Mdivi-1 but not Dynasore influenced the dynamic phosphorylation status of Ser637 and Ser616 in Drp1, which converged with mitotic kinases (Cdk1, Plk1, Aurora A) and centrosome-associated proteins to significantly accelerate mitotic defects. Moreover, our data also indicated that evoking mito-Drp1-Ser637 by protein kinase A (PKA) rather than Drp1-Ser616 by Cdk1/Cyclin B resulted in mitochondrial fission via the PINK1/Parkin pathway to promote more efficient mitophagy and simultaneously caused multipolar spindles. Collectively, this study is the first to uncover that mito-Drp1-Ser637 by PKA, but not Drp1-Ser616, drives mitophagy to exert multipolar spindles formation during M-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jiun Ko
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-L.L.); (A.-L.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (C.-Y.F.H.)
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jaw Chiou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (C.-Y.F.H.)
| | - Yun-Ling Lai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-L.L.); (A.-L.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (C.-Y.F.H.)
| | - Chi-Huei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
| | - Jiin-Tsuey Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (C.-Y.F.H.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-L.L.); (A.-L.K.)
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Joon-Khim Loh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-L.L.); (A.-L.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-L.L.); (A.-L.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (C.-Y.F.H.)
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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43
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Vergara IA, Mintoff CP, Sandhu S, McIntosh L, Young RJ, Wong SQ, Colebatch A, Cameron DL, Kwon JL, Wolfe R, Peng A, Ellul J, Dou X, Fedele C, Boyle S, Arnau GM, Raleigh J, Hatzimihalis A, Szeto P, Mooi J, Widmer DS, Cheng PF, Amann V, Dummer R, Hayward N, Wilmott J, Scolyer RA, Cho RJ, Bowtell D, Thorne H, Alsop K, Cordner S, Woodford N, Leditschke J, O'Brien P, Dawson SJ, McArthur GA, Mann GJ, Levesque MP, Papenfuss AT, Shackleton M. Evolution of late-stage metastatic melanoma is dominated by aneuploidy and whole genome doubling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1434. [PMID: 33664264 PMCID: PMC7933255 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma is initiated by acquisition of point mutations and limited focal copy number alterations in melanocytes-of-origin, the nature of genetic changes that characterise lethal metastatic disease is poorly understood. Here, we analyze the evolution of human melanoma progressing from early to late disease in 13 patients by sampling their tumours at multiple sites and times. Whole exome and genome sequencing data from 88 tumour samples reveals only limited gain of point mutations generally, with net mutational loss in some metastases. In contrast, melanoma evolution is dominated by whole genome doubling and large-scale aneuploidy, in which widespread loss of heterozygosity sculpts the burden of point mutations, neoantigens and structural variants even in treatment-naïve and primary cutaneous melanomas in some patients. These results imply that dysregulation of genomic integrity is a key driver of selective clonal advantage during melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael A Vergara
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Lachlan McIntosh
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Stephen Q Wong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Daniel L Cameron
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia Lai Kwon
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Peng
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason Ellul
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuelin Dou
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Fedele
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha Boyle
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Pacman Szeto
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Mooi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel S Widmer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Amann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Hayward
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, Sydney, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raymond J Cho
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather Thorne
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Cordner
- The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Noel Woodford
- The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jodie Leditschke
- The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patricia O'Brien
- The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah-Jane Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre of Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant A McArthur
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mark Shackleton
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.
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44
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Marquis C, Fonseca CL, Queen KA, Wood L, Vandal SE, Malaby HLH, Clayton JE, Stumpff J. Chromosomally unstable tumor cells specifically require KIF18A for proliferation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1213. [PMID: 33619254 PMCID: PMC7900194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of tumor cells caused by changes in the dynamics and control of microtubules that compromise the mitotic spindle. Thus, CIN cells may respond differently than diploid cells to treatments that target mitotic spindle regulation. Here, we test this idea by inhibiting a subset of kinesin motor proteins involved in mitotic spindle control. KIF18A is required for proliferation of CIN cells derived from triple negative breast cancer or colorectal cancer tumors but is not required in near-diploid cells. Following KIF18A inhibition, CIN tumor cells exhibit mitotic delays, multipolar spindles, and increased cell death. Sensitivity to KIF18A knockdown is strongly correlated with centrosome fragmentation, which requires dynamic microtubules but does not depend on bipolar spindle formation or mitotic arrest. Our results indicate the altered spindle microtubule dynamics characteristic of CIN tumor cells can be exploited to reduce the proliferative capacity of CIN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Marquis
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Cindy L. Fonseca
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Katelyn A. Queen
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Lisa Wood
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Sarah E. Vandal
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Heidi L. H. Malaby
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Joseph E. Clayton
- grid.288134.40000 0004 0569 7230BioTek Instruments Inc, Winooski, VT USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
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45
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Heasley LR, Sampaio NMV, Argueso JL. Systemic and rapid restructuring of the genome: a new perspective on punctuated equilibrium. Curr Genet 2021; 67:57-63. [PMID: 33159552 PMCID: PMC7887028 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rates and patterns by which cells acquire mutations profoundly shape their evolutionary trajectories and phenotypic potential. Conventional models maintain that mutations are acquired independently of one another over many successive generations. Yet, recent evidence suggests that cells can also experience mutagenic processes that drive rapid genome evolution. One such process manifests as punctuated bursts of genomic instability, in which multiple new mutations are acquired simultaneously during transient episodes of genomic instability. This mutational mode is reminiscent of the theory of punctuated equilibrium, proposed by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge in 1972 to explain the burst-like appearance of new species in the fossil record. In this review, we survey the dominant and emerging theories of eukaryotic genome evolution with a particular focus on the growing body of work that substantiates the existence and importance of punctuated bursts of genomic instability. In addition, we summarize and discuss two recent studies from our own group, the results of which indicate that punctuated bursts systemic genomic instability (SGI) can rapidly reconfigure the structure of the diploid genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia R Heasley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 402 MRB Building, 1618 campus delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1618, USA.
| | - Nadia M V Sampaio
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Juan Lucas Argueso
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 402 MRB Building, 1618 campus delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1618, USA
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46
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Heasley LR, Watson RA, Argueso JL. Punctuated Aneuploidization of the Budding Yeast Genome. Genetics 2020; 216:43-50. [PMID: 32753390 PMCID: PMC7463280 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkably complex patterns of aneuploidy have been observed in the genomes of many eukaryotic cell types, ranging from brewing yeasts to tumor cells. Such aberrant karyotypes are generally thought to take shape progressively over many generations, but evidence also suggests that genomes may undergo faster modes of evolution. Here, we used diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to investigate the dynamics with which aneuploidies arise. We found that cells selected for the loss of a single chromosome often acquired additional unselected aneuploidies concomitantly. The degrees to which these genomes were altered fell along a spectrum, ranging from simple events affecting just a single chromosome, to systemic events involving many. The striking complexity of karyotypes arising from systemic events, combined with the high frequency at which we detected them, demonstrates that cells can rapidly achieve highly altered genomic configurations during temporally restricted episodes of genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia R Heasley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Ruth A Watson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Juan Lucas Argueso
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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47
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Chatterjee S, Sarkar A, Zhu J, Khodjakov A, Mogilner A, Paul R. Mechanics of Multicentrosomal Clustering in Bipolar Mitotic Spindles. Biophys J 2020; 119:434-447. [PMID: 32610087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To segregate chromosomes in mitosis, cells assemble a mitotic spindle, a molecular machine with centrosomes at two opposing cell poles and chromosomes at the equator. Microtubules and molecular motors connect the poles to kinetochores, specialized protein assemblies on the centromere regions of the chromosomes. Bipolarity of the spindle is crucial for the proper cell division, and two centrosomes in animal cells naturally become two spindle poles. Cancer cells are often multicentrosomal, yet they are able to assemble bipolar spindles by clustering centrosomes into two spindle poles. Mechanisms of this clustering are debated. In this study, we computationally screen effective forces between 1) centrosomes, 2) centrosomes and kinetochores, 3) centrosomes and chromosome arms, and 4) centrosomes and cell cortex to understand mechanics that determines three-dimensional spindle architecture. To do this, we use the stochastic Monte Carlo search for stable mechanical equilibria in the effective energy landscape of the spindle. We find that the following conditions have to be met to robustly assemble the bipolar spindle in a multicentrosomal cell: 1) the strengths of centrosomes' attraction to each other and to the cell cortex have to be proportional to each other and 2) the strengths of centrosomes' attraction to kinetochores and repulsion from the chromosome arms have to be proportional to each other. We also find that three other spindle configurations emerge if these conditions are not met: 1) collapsed, 2) monopolar, and 3) multipolar spindles, and the computational screen reveals mechanical conditions for these abnormal spindles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apurba Sarkar
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Jie Zhu
- Gerber Technology, Tolland, Connecticut
| | - Alexei Khodjakov
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York.
| | - Raja Paul
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.
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48
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Wimbish RT, DeLuca KF, Mick JE, Himes J, Jiménez-Sánchez I, Jeyaprakash AA, DeLuca JG. The Hec1/Ndc80 tail domain is required for force generation at kinetochores, but is dispensable for kinetochore-microtubule attachment formation and Ska complex recruitment. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1453-1473. [PMID: 32401635 PMCID: PMC7359571 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-05-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex (composed of Hec1/Ndc80, Nuf2, Spc24, and Spc25) has well-documented roles in mitosis including 1) connecting mitotic chromosomes to spindle microtubules to establish force-transducing kinetochore-microtubule attachments and 2) regulating the binding strength between kinetochores and microtubules such that correct attachments are stabilized and erroneous attachments are released. Although the NDC80 complex plays a central role in forming and regulating attachments to microtubules, additional factors support these processes as well, including the spindle and kinetochore-associated (Ska) complex. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that Ska complexes strengthen attachments by increasing the ability of NDC80 complexes to bind microtubules, especially to depolymerizing microtubule plus ends, but how this is accomplished remains unclear. Using cell-based and in vitro assays, we demonstrate that the Hec1 tail domain is dispensable for Ska complex recruitment to kinetochores and for generation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments in human cells. We further demonstrate that Hec1 tail phosphorylation regulates kinetochore-microtubule attachment stability independently of the Ska complex. Finally, we map the location of the Ska complex in cells to a region near the coiled-coil domain of the NDC80 complex and demonstrate that this region is required for Ska complex recruitment to the NDC80 complex--microtubule interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Wimbish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Keith F. DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Jeanne E. Mick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Jack Himes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | | | | | - Jennifer G. DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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49
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Sapkota H, Wren JD, Gorbsky GJ. CSAG1 maintains the integrity of the mitotic centrosome in cells with defective p53. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.239723. [PMID: 32295846 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes focus microtubules to promote mitotic spindle bipolarity, a critical requirement for balanced chromosome segregation. Comprehensive understanding of centrosome function and regulation requires a complete inventory of components. While many centrosome components have been identified, others yet remain undiscovered. We have used a bioinformatics approach, based on 'guilt by association' expression to identify novel mitotic components among the large group of predicted human proteins that have yet to be functionally characterized. Here, we identify chondrosarcoma-associated gene 1 protein (CSAG1) in maintaining centrosome integrity during mitosis. Depletion of CSAG1 disrupts centrosomes and leads to multipolar spindles, particularly in cells with compromised p53 function. Thus, CSAG1 may reflect a class of 'mitotic addiction' genes, whose expression is more essential in transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Sapkota
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Gary J Gorbsky
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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50
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Middelkamp S, van Tol HTA, Spierings DCJ, Boymans S, Guryev V, Roelen BAJ, Lansdorp PM, Cuppen E, Kuijk EW. Sperm DNA damage causes genomic instability in early embryonic development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz7602. [PMID: 32494621 PMCID: PMC7159919 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability is common in human embryos, but the underlying causes are largely unknown. Here, we examined the consequences of sperm DNA damage on the embryonic genome by single-cell whole-genome sequencing of individual blastomeres from bovine embryos produced with sperm damaged by γ-radiation. Sperm DNA damage primarily leads to fragmentation of the paternal chromosomes followed by random distribution of the chromosomal fragments over the two sister cells in the first cell division. An unexpected secondary effect of sperm DNA damage is the induction of direct unequal cleavages, which include the poorly understood heterogoneic cell divisions. As a result, chaotic mosaicism is common in embryos derived from fertilizations with damaged sperm. The mosaic aneuploidies, uniparental disomies, and de novo structural variation induced by sperm DNA damage may compromise fertility and lead to rare congenital disorders when embryos escape developmental arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors Middelkamp
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht 3584 CG, Netherlands
| | - Helena T. A. van Tol
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, Utrecht 3584 CM, Netherlands
| | - Diana C. J. Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands
| | - Sander Boymans
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht 3584 CG, Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands
| | - Bernard A. J. Roelen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, Utrecht 3584 CM, Netherlands
| | - Peter M. Lansdorp
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht 3584 CG, Netherlands
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ewart W. Kuijk
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht 3584 CG, Netherlands
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