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Tessier CE, Dupuy AMM, Pelé T, Juin PP, Lees JA, Guen VJ. EMT and primary ciliogenesis: For better or worse in sickness and in health. Genesis 2024; 62:e23568. [PMID: 37946671 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and primary ciliogenesis are two cell-biological programs that are essential for development of multicellular organisms and whose abnormal regulation results in many diseases (i.e., developmental anomalies and cancers). Emerging studies suggest an intricate interplay between these two processes. Here, we discuss physiological and pathological contexts in which their interconnections promote normal development or disease progression. We describe underlying molecular mechanisms of the interplay and EMT/ciliary signaling axes that influence EMT-related processes (i.e., stemness, motility and invasion). Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the relationship between EMT and primary ciliogenesis may provide new insights in the etiology of diseases related to EMT and cilia dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille E Tessier
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Aurore M M Dupuy
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Pelé
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe P Juin
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Jacqueline A Lees
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research @ MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vincent J Guen
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
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2
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Rechberger JS, Nonnenbroich LF, Power EA, Daniels DJ. The composition of choroid plexus tumor research: a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most impactful studies to date. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:453-462. [PMID: 37726497 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are relatively rare CNS tumors that primarily occur in children. They are classified as low-grade choroid plexus papilloma, including atypical ones, and high-grade choroid plexus carcinoma based on histological characteristics. There has been extensive academic research regarding these complex tumors. The goal of this work was to identify the 100 most-cited articles pertaining to CPTs in order to better understand the most impactful studies to date. METHODS In August 2023, Elsevier's Scopus database was searched for the 100 most-cited articles about CPT. To look for trends, articles were classified as either basic science or clinical, and the earliest 50 articles were separated from the latest 50 articles and then were compared. Various bibliometric parameters were summarized and compared using Pearson's chi-square exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test/Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The 100 most-cited articles were published between 1955 and 2016 in 53 different scientific journals, originating from 16 distinct countries. Over 75% of the articles were clinical in nature, and overall mean (range) values were as follows: citation count 78.5 (42-371), citation rate per year 3.4 (0.9-12), number of authors 6.2 (1-28). Newer articles had statistically higher citation rate (P < 0.01) and number of authors (P < 0.01) compared to their older counterparts. Additionally, while there was no significant difference in article focus (P = 0.64), there was a difference in study design (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study used citation number as a surrogate for article impact and identified the 100 most-cited CPT articles. New mutational analyses have allowed for further subgrouping and positive trends in collaboration shine hope for improvement in treatment outcomes and long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian S Rechberger
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1St St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Leo F Nonnenbroich
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erica A Power
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1St St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Hesham D, On J, Alshahaby N, Amer N, Magdeldin S, Okada M, Tsukamoto Y, Hiraishi T, Imai C, Okuda S, Wakai T, Kakita A, Oishi M, El-Naggar S, Natsumeda M. Multi-omics analyses of choroid plexus carcinoma cell lines reveal potential targetable pathways and alterations. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:27-38. [PMID: 38190092 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) are extremely rare brain tumors and carry a dismal prognosis. Treatment options are limited and there is an urgent need to develop models to further research. In the present study, we established two CPC cell lines and performed multi-omics analyses. These cell lines serve as valuable models to propose new treatments in these rare but deadly brain tumors. METHODS Multi-omic profiling including, (i) methylation array (EPIC 850 K), (ii) whole genome sequencing (WGS), (iii) CANCERPLEX cancer genome panel testing, (iv) RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and (v) proteomics analyses were performed in CCHE-45 and NGT131 cell lines. RESULTS Both cell lines were classified as methylation class B. Both harbored pathogenic TP53 point mutations; CCHE-45 additionally displayed TP53 loss. Furthermore, alterations of the NOTCH and WNT pathways were also detected in both cell lines. Two protein-coding gene fusions, BZW2-URGCP, and CTTNBP2-ERBB4, mutations of two oncodrivers, GBP-4 and KRTAP-12-2, and several copy number alterations were observed in CCHE-45, but not NGT131. Transcriptome and proteome analysis identified shared and unique signatures, suggesting that variability in choroid plexus carcinoma tumors may exist. The discovered difference's importance and implications highlight the possible diversity of choroid plexus carcinoma and call for additional research to fully understand disease pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Multi-omics analyses revealed that the two choroid plexus carcinoma cell lines shared TP53 mutations and other common pathway alterations and activation of NOTCH and WNT pathways. Noticeable differences were also observed. These cell lines can serve as valuable models to propose new treatments in these rare but deadly brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Hesham
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, 1 Sekket El Emam, El Madbah El Kadeem Yard, Sayeda Zeinab, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jotaro On
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Nouran Alshahaby
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, 1 Sekket El Emam, El Madbah El Kadeem Yard, Sayeda Zeinab, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada Amer
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, 1 Sekket El Emam, El Madbah El Kadeem Yard, Sayeda Zeinab, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Masayasu Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hiraishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Chihaya Imai
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
- Medical AI Center, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Oishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Shahenda El-Naggar
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, 1 Sekket El Emam, El Madbah El Kadeem Yard, Sayeda Zeinab, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Manabu Natsumeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan.
- Advanced Treatment of Neurological Diseases Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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Yankelevich M, Zaky W, Lafay-Cousin L, Osorio D, Adamski J, Kordes U, Finlay JL, Prados M, Mueller S. Marrow-ablative consolidation chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy delivered in a risk-adapted manner for newly diagnosed children with choroid plexus carcinoma: A work in progress. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae109. [PMID: 39036438 PMCID: PMC11259950 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPC) are early childhood cancers characterized by loss of TP53 function and poor survival. We are analyzing data on TP53 status, survival, and second cancers from the largest cohort of CPC receiving chemotherapy followed by consolidation with marrow-ablative chemotherapy (HDCx). Additionally, we discuss the rationale for targeted therapies for CPC patients. Currently, 8 of the 13 with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome-associated CPC were treated and continued CPC-free, indicating that HDCx improves CPC-free survival in young children with TP53-mutated CPC. These data justify the inclusion of HDCx in the planned prospective international trial for children with TP53-mutated CPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Yankelevich
- Division of Oncology, St. Cristopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wafik Zaky
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lucie Lafay-Cousin
- Department of Pediatrics and Oncology, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Diana Osorio
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jenny Adamski
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Uwe Kordes
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan L Finlay
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Prados
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Guan YT, Zhang C, Zhang HY, Wei WL, Yue W, Zhao W, Zhang DH. Primary cilia: Structure, dynamics, and roles in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1788-1807. [PMID: 37565630 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the initiation of tumor arises from tumorigenic transformation signaling in cancer cells, cancer cell survival, invasion, and metastasis also require a dynamic and reciprocal association with extracellular signaling from tumor microenvironment (TME). Primary cilia are the antenna-like structure that mediate signaling sensation and transduction in different tissues and cells. Recent studies have started to uncover that the heterogeneous ciliation in cancer cells and cells from the TME in tumor growth impels asymmetric paracellular signaling in the TME, indicating the essential functions of primary cilia in homeostasis maintenance of both cancer cells and the TME. In this review, we discussed recent advances in the structure and assembly of primary cilia, and the role of primary cilia in tumor and TME formation, as well as the therapeutic potentials that target ciliary dynamics and signaling from the cells in different tumors and the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Guan
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yong Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Lu Wei
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Department of Posthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Hui Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
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Soleymani T, Chen TY, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Dogra N. The human neurosecretome: extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) of the brain for intercellular communication, therapy, and liquid-biopsy applications. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1156821. [PMID: 37266331 PMCID: PMC10229797 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1156821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that brain derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) can cross blood-brain barrier and mediate communication among neurons, astrocytes, microglial, and other cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Yet, a complete understanding of the molecular landscape and function of circulating EVs & EPs (EVPs) remain a major gap in knowledge. This is mainly due to the lack of technologies to isolate and separate all EVPs of heterogeneous dimensions and low buoyant density. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the neurosecretome, including the extracellular vesicles that carry the molecular signature of the brain in both its microenvironment and the systemic circulation. We discuss the biogenesis of EVPs, their function, cell-to-cell communication, past and emerging isolation technologies, therapeutics, and liquid-biopsy applications. It is important to highlight that the landscape of EVPs is in a constant state of evolution; hence, we not only discuss the past literature and current landscape of the EVPs, but we also speculate as to how novel EVPs may contribute to the etiology of addiction, depression, psychiatric, neurodegenerative diseases, and aid in the real time monitoring of the "living brain". Overall, the neurosecretome is a concept we introduce here to embody the compendium of circulating particles of the brain for their function and disease pathogenesis. Finally, for the purpose of inclusion of all extracellular particles, we have used the term EVPs as defined by the International Society of Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taliah Soleymani
- Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tzu-Yi Chen
- Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova
- Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Navneet Dogra
- Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Martin B, Garman T, Laramee M, Wang A, Zhang X, Beck E, Wilson K, Klumpp-Thomas C, McKnight C, Xu X, Hagen N, Holland D, Dahmane N, Thomas CJ, Souweidane M. Preclinical validation of a novel therapeutic strategy for choroid plexus carcinoma. J Control Release 2023; 357:580-590. [PMID: 37054779 PMCID: PMC10174050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a rare infantile brain tumor with an aggressive clinical course that often leaves children with debilitating side effects due to aggressive and toxic chemotherapies. Development of novel therapeutical strategies for this disease have been extremely limited owing to the rarity of the disease and the paucity of biologically relevant substrates. We conducted the first high-throughput screen (HTS) on a human patient-derived CPC cell line (Children Cancer Hospital Egypt, CCHE-45) and identified 427 top hits highlighting key molecular targets in CPC. Furthermore, a combination screen with a wide variety of targets revealed multiple synergistic combinations that may pave the way for novel therapeutical strategies against CPC. Based on in vitro efficiency, central nervous system (CNS) penetrance ability and feasible translational potential, two combinations using a DNA alkylating or topoisomerase inhibitors in combination with an ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3 (ATR) inhibitor (topotecan/elimusertib and melphalan/elimusertib respectively) were validated in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacokinetic assays established increased brain penetrance with intra-arterial (IA) delivery over intra-venous (IV) delivery and demonstrated a higher CNS penetrance for the combination melphalan/elimusertib. The mechanisms of synergistic activity for melphalan/elimusertib were assessed through transcriptome analyses and showed dysregulation of key oncogenic pathways (e.g. MYC, mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR, p53) and activation of critical biological processes (e.g. DNA repair, apoptosis, hypoxia, interferon gamma). Importantly, IA administration of melphalan combined with elimusertib led to a significant increase in survival in a CPC genetic mouse model. In conclusion, this study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first that identifies multiple promising combinatorial therapeutics for CPC and emphasizes the potential of IA delivery for the treatment of CPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Martin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Tyler Garman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Madeline Laramee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amy Wang
- Division of National Toxicology, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Erin Beck
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kelli Wilson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Crystal McKnight
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of National Toxicology, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Natalie Hagen
- Division of National Toxicology, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - David Holland
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nadia Dahmane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Souweidane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Dang DD, Rosenblum JS, Shah AH, Zhuang Z, Doucet-O’Hare TT. Epigenetic Regulation in Primary CNS Tumors: An Opportunity to Bridge Old and New WHO Classifications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2511. [PMID: 37173979 PMCID: PMC10177493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally approved in 1979, a specific grading classification for central nervous system (CNS) tumors was devised by the World Health Organization (WHO) in an effort to guide cancer treatment and better understand prognosis. These "blue books" have since undergone several iterations based on tumor location, advancements in histopathology, and most recently, diagnostic molecular pathology in its fifth edition. As new research methods have evolved to elucidate complex molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis, a need to update and integrate these findings into the WHO grading scheme has become apparent. Epigenetic tools represent an area of burgeoning interest that encompasses all non-Mendelian inherited genetic features affecting gene expression, including but not limited to chromatin remodeling complexes, DNA methylation, and histone regulating enzymes. The SWItch/Sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex is the largest mammalian family of chromatin remodeling proteins and is estimated to be altered in 20-25% of all human malignancies; however, the ways in which it contributes to tumorigenesis are not fully understood. We recently discovered that CNS tumors with SWI/SNF mutations have revealed an oncogenic role for endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), remnants of exogenous retroviruses that integrated into the germline and are inherited like Mendelian genes, several of which retain open reading frames for proteins whose expression putatively contributes to tumor formation. Herein, we analyzed the latest WHO classification scheme for all CNS tumors with documented SWI/SNF mutations and/or aberrant ERV expression, and we summarize this information to highlight potential research opportunities that could be integrated into the grading scheme to better delineate diagnostic criteria and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle D. Dang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jared S. Rosenblum
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ashish H. Shah
- Section of Virology and Immunotherapy, Department of Neurosurgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tara T. Doucet-O’Hare
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Jung HJ, Yeo S, Jang J, Pleasure S, Choe Y. Brain heterotopia formation by ciliopathic breakdown of neuroepithelial and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Brain Pathol 2023:e13148. [PMID: 36623505 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental functions of primary cilia and the downstream signaling pathways have been widely studied; however, the roles of primary cilia in the developing neurovascular system are not clearly understood. In this study, we found that ablation of genes encoding ciliary transport proteins such as intraflagellar transport homolog 88 (Ift88) and kinesin family member 3a (Kif3a) in cortical radial progenitors led to periventricular heterotopia during late mouse embryogenesis. Conditional mutation of primary cilia unexpectedly caused breakdown of both the neuroepithelial lining and the blood-choroid plexus barrier. Choroidal leakage was partially caused by enlargement of the choroid plexus in the cilia mutants. We found that the choroid plexus expressed platelet-derived growth factor A (Pdgf-A) and that Pdgf-A expression was ectopically increased in cilia-mutant embryos. Cortices obtained from embryos in utero electroporated with Pdgfa mimicked periventricular heterotopic nodules of the cilia mutant. These results suggest that defective ciliogenesis in both cortical progenitors and the choroid plexus leads to breakdown of cortical and choroidal barriers causing forebrain neuronal dysplasia, which may be related to developmental cortical malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seungeun Yeo
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | - Samuel Pleasure
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, Developmental Stem Cell Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Douceau S, Deutsch Guerrero T, Ferent J. Establishing Hedgehog Gradients during Neural Development. Cells 2023; 12:225. [PMID: 36672161 PMCID: PMC9856818 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A morphogen is a signaling molecule that induces specific cellular responses depending on its local concentration. The concept of morphogenic gradients has been a central paradigm of developmental biology for decades. Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is one of the most important morphogens that displays pleiotropic functions during embryonic development, ranging from neuronal patterning to axon guidance. It is commonly accepted that Shh is distributed in a gradient in several tissues from different origins during development; however, how these gradients are formed and maintained at the cellular and molecular levels is still the center of a great deal of research. In this review, we first explored all of the different sources of Shh during the development of the nervous system. Then, we detailed how these sources can distribute Shh in the surrounding tissues via a variety of mechanisms. Finally, we addressed how disrupting Shh distribution and gradients can induce severe neurodevelopmental disorders and cancers. Although the concept of gradient has been central in the field of neurodevelopment since the fifties, we also describe how contemporary leading-edge techniques, such as organoids, can revisit this classical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Douceau
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, INSERM, Sorbonne Univeristy, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Tanya Deutsch Guerrero
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, INSERM, Sorbonne Univeristy, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Julien Ferent
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, INSERM, Sorbonne Univeristy, F-75005 Paris, France
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11
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Primary cilia contribute to the aggressiveness of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:806. [PMID: 36127323 PMCID: PMC9489777 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a highly malignant brain tumor in infants that is characterized by loss of nuclear expression of SMARCB1 or SMARCA4 proteins. Recent studies show that AT/RTs comprise three molecular subgroups, namely AT/RT-TYR, AT/RT-MYC and AT/RT-SHH. The subgroups show distinct expression patterns of genes involved in ciliogenesis, however, little is known about the functional roles of primary cilia in the biology of AT/RT. Here, we show that primary cilia are present across all AT/RT subgroups with specific enrichment in AT/RT-TYR patient samples. Furthermore, we demonstrate that primary ciliogenesis contributes to AT/RT biology in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, we observed a significant decrease in proliferation and clonogenicity following disruption of primary ciliogenesis in AT/RT cell line models. Additionally, apoptosis was significantly increased via the induction of STAT1 and DR5 signaling, as detected by proteogenomic profiling. In a Drosophila model of SMARCB1 deficiency, concomitant knockdown of several cilia-associated genes resulted in a substantial shift of the lethal phenotype with more than 20% of flies reaching adulthood. We also found significantly extended survival in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of AT/RT upon disruption of primary ciliogenesis. Taken together, our findings indicate that primary ciliogenesis or its downstream signaling contributes to the aggressiveness of AT/RT and, therefore, may constitute a novel therapeutic target.
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12
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Disruption of GMNC-MCIDAS multiciliogenesis program is critical in choroid plexus carcinoma development. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1596-1610. [PMID: 35322202 PMCID: PMC9345885 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCs) in the brain reside in the ependyma and the choroid plexus (CP) epithelia. The CP secretes cerebrospinal fluid that circulates within the ventricular system, driven by ependymal cilia movement. Tumors of the CP are rare primary brain neoplasms mostly found in children. CP tumors exist in three forms: CP papilloma (CPP), atypical CPP, and CP carcinoma (CPC). Though CPP and atypical CPP are generally benign and can be resolved by surgery, CPC is a particularly aggressive and little understood cancer with a poor survival rate and a tendency for recurrence and metastasis. In contrast to MCCs in the CP epithelia, CPCs in humans are characterized by solitary cilia, frequent TP53 mutations, and disturbances to multiciliogenesis program directed by the GMNC-MCIDAS transcriptional network. GMNC and MCIDAS are early transcriptional regulators of MCC fate differentiation in diverse tissues. Consistently, components of the GMNC-MCIDAS transcriptional program are expressed during CP development and required for multiciliation in the CP, while CPC driven by deletion of Trp53 and Rb1 in mice exhibits multiciliation defects consequent to deficiencies in the GMNC-MCIDAS program. Previous studies revealed that abnormal NOTCH pathway activation leads to CPP. Here we show that combined defects in NOTCH and Sonic Hedgehog signaling in mice generates tumors that are similar to CPC in humans. NOTCH-driven CP tumors are monociliated, and disruption of the NOTCH complex restores multiciliation and decreases tumor growth. NOTCH suppresses multiciliation in tumor cells by inhibiting the expression of GMNC and MCIDAS, while Gmnc-Mcidas overexpression rescues multiciliation defects and suppresses tumor cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings indicate that reactivation of the GMNC-MCIDAS multiciliogenesis program is critical for inhibiting tumorigenesis in the CP, and it may have therapeutic implications for the treatment of CPC.
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13
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Marino S. Subgroup-specific roles of primary cilia in medulloblastoma. Genes Dev 2022; 36:650-651. [PMID: 35835507 PMCID: PMC9296002 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349856.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Here I discuss the study in this issue of Genes & Development by Youn et al. (pp. 737-751), which describes defined and diverse roles of primary cilia in molecularly distinct medulloblastoma subgroups, highlighting once again the importance of designing subgroup-specific therapeutic approaches for this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
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14
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Kompaníková P, Bryja V. Regulation of choroid plexus development and its functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:304. [PMID: 35589983 PMCID: PMC9119385 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is an extensively vascularized tissue that protrudes into the brain ventricular system of all vertebrates. This highly specialized structure, consisting of the polarized epithelial sheet and underlying stroma, serves a spectrum of functions within the central nervous system (CNS), most notably the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The epithelial cells of the ChP have the competence to tightly modulate the biomolecule composition of CSF, which acts as a milieu functionally connecting ChP with other brain structures. This review aims to eloquently summarize the current knowledge about the development of ChP. We describe the mechanisms that control its early specification from roof plate followed by the formation of proliferative regions-cortical hem and rhombic lips-feeding later development of ChP. Next, we summarized the current knowledge on the maturation of ChP and mechanisms that control its morphological and cellular diversity. Furthermore, we attempted to review the currently available battery of molecular markers and mouse strains available for the research of ChP, and identified some technological shortcomings that must be overcome to accelerate the ChP research field. Overall, the central principle of this review is to highlight ChP as an intriguing and surprisingly poorly known structure that is vital for the development and function of the whole CNS. We believe that our summary will increase the interest in further studies of ChP that aim to describe the molecular and cellular principles guiding the development and function of this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kompaníková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic.
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15
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Constitutive activation of canonical Wnt signaling disrupts choroid plexus epithelial fate. Nat Commun 2022; 13:633. [PMID: 35110543 PMCID: PMC8810795 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus secretes cerebrospinal fluid and is critical for the development and function of the brain. In the telencephalon, the choroid plexus epithelium arises from the Wnt- expressing cortical hem. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway molecules such as nuclear β-CATENIN are expressed in the mouse and human embryonic choroid plexus epithelium indicating that this pathway is active. Point mutations in human β-CATENIN are known to result in the constitutive activation of canonical Wnt signaling. In a mouse model that recapitulates this perturbation, we report a loss of choroid plexus epithelial identity and an apparent transformation of this tissue to a neuronal identity. Aspects of this phenomenon are recapitulated in human embryonic stem cell derived organoids. The choroid plexus is also disrupted when β-Catenin is conditionally inactivated. Together, our results indicate that canonical Wnt signaling is required in a precise and regulated manner for normal choroid plexus development in the mammalian brain.
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16
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Kinoshita A, Shqirat M, Kageyama R, Ohtsuka T. Modification of gene expression and soluble factor secretion in the lateral ventricle choroid plexus: Analysis of the impacts on the neocortical development. Neurosci Res 2021; 177:38-51. [PMID: 34968558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is the center of soluble factor secretion into the cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system. It is known that various signaling factors secreted from the ChP are involved in the regulation of brain development and homeostasis. Intriguingly, the size of the ChP was prominently expanded in the brains of primates, including humans, suggesting that the expansion of the ChP contributed to mammalian brain evolution, leading to the acquisition of higher intelligence and cognitive functions. To address this hypothesis, we established transgenic (Tg) systems using regulatory elements that direct expression of candidate genes in the ChP. Overexpression of sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the developing ChP led to the expansion of the ChP with greater arborization. Shh produced in the ChP caused an increase in neural stem cells (NSCs) in the neocortical region, leading to the expansion of ventricles, ventricular zone, neocortical surface area, and neocortical surface folding. These findings suggest that the activation of Shh signaling via its enhanced secretion from the developing ChP contributed to the evolution of the neocortex. Furthermore, we found that Shh produced in the ChP enhanced NSC proliferation in the postnatal Tg brain, demonstrating that our Tg system can be used to estimate the effects of candidate factors secreted from the ChP on various aspects of brain morphogenesis and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kinoshita
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mohammed Shqirat
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohtsuka
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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17
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Nita A, Abraham SP, Krejci P, Bosakova M. Oncogenic FGFR Fusions Produce Centrosome and Cilia Defects by Ectopic Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1445. [PMID: 34207779 PMCID: PMC8227969 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A single primary cilium projects from most vertebrate cells to guide cell fate decisions. A growing list of signaling molecules is found to function through cilia and control ciliogenesis, including the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). Aberrant FGFR activity produces abnormal cilia with deregulated signaling, which contributes to pathogenesis of the FGFR-mediated genetic disorders. FGFR lesions are also found in cancer, raising a possibility of cilia involvement in the neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Here, we focus on FGFR gene fusions, and discuss the possible mechanisms by which they function as oncogenic drivers. We show that a substantial portion of the FGFR fusion partners are proteins associated with the centrosome cycle, including organization of the mitotic spindle and ciliogenesis. The functions of centrosome proteins are often lost with the gene fusion, leading to haploinsufficiency that induces cilia loss and deregulated cell division. We speculate that this complements the ectopic FGFR activity and drives the FGFR fusion cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Nita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Sara P. Abraham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Bosakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Rekler D, Kalcheim C. From Neural Crest to Definitive Roof Plate: The Dynamic Behavior of the Dorsal Neural Tube. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3911. [PMID: 33920095 PMCID: PMC8070085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the development of the dorsal neural tube is particularly challenging. In this highly dynamic domain, a temporal transition occurs between early neural crest progenitors that undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and exit the neural primordium, and the subsequent roof plate, a resident epithelial group of cells that constitutes the dorsal midline of the central nervous system. Among other functions, the roof plate behaves as an organizing center for the generation of dorsal interneurons. Despite extensive knowledge of the formation, emigration and migration of neural crest progenitors, little is known about the mechanisms leading to the end of neural crest production and the transition into a roof plate stage. Are these two mutually dependent or autonomously regulated processes? Is the generation of roof plate and dorsal interneurons induced by neural tube-derived factors throughout both crest and roof plate stages, respectively, or are there differences in signaling properties and responsiveness as a function of time? In this review, we discuss distinctive characteristics of each population and possible mechanisms leading to the shift between the above cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O.Box 12272, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
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19
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The novel testicular enrichment protein Cfap58 is required for Notch-associated ciliogenesis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221781. [PMID: 31904090 PMCID: PMC6970087 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are critical organelles with conserved internal structures and diverse developmental and physiological processes according to cell type. Although the core components of structures are shared with thousands of associated proteins involved in cilia or flagella formation, we hypothesized that some unknown proteins, such as outer dense fiber 2 (Odf2/Cenexin) perform distinct functions in these organelles. In the present study, we identified several uncharacterized proteins through mass spectrometry interactome analysis of Odf2/Cenexin proteins. We further examined the expression patterns and functions of a protein named cilia and flagella associated protein 58 (Cfap58) in cultured astrocytes and sperm flagella. The results of a combination of biochemical analyses and drug administration studies reveal that Cfap58 is a testis-enrichment protein that exhibits similar localization to Odf2/Cenexin proteins and is required for the elongation of the primary cilium and sperm midpiece via modulation of the Notch signaling pathway. However, the cell cycle-related functions and localization of Odf2/Cenexin in the mother centriole were not altered in Cfap58 knockdown cells. These findings indicate that Cfap58 may be partially recruited by Odf2/Cenexin proteins and is indispensable for the cilia and flagellar assembly. These data provide us with a better understanding of ciliogenesis and flagellar elongation and may aid in identifying new targets for diseases caused by Notch-mediated ciliopathies and flagellar abnormalities.
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20
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Aggresomes predict poor outcomes and implicate proteostasis in the pathogenesis of pediatric choroid plexus tumors. J Neurooncol 2021; 152:67-78. [PMID: 33501605 PMCID: PMC7910251 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Protein misfolding and aggregation result in proteotoxic stress and underlie the pathogenesis of many diseases. To overcome proteotoxicity, cells compartmentalize misfolded and aggregated proteins in different inclusion bodies. The aggresome is a paranuclear inclusion body that functions as a storage compartment for misfolded proteins. Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are rare neoplasms comprised of three pathological subgroups. The underlying mechanisms of their pathogenesis remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the prognostic role and the biological effects of aggresomes in pediatric CPTs. Methods We examined the presence of aggresomes in 42 patient-derived tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry and we identified their impact on patients’ outcomes. We then investigated the proteogenomics signature associated with aggresomes using whole-genome DNA methylation and proteomic analysis to define their role in the pathogenesis of pediatric CPTs. Results Aggresomes were detected in 64.2% of samples and were distributed among different pathological and molecular subgroups. The presence of aggresomes with different percentages was correlated with patients’ outcomes. The ≥ 25% cutoff had the most significant impact on overall and event-free survival (p-value < 0.001) compared to the pathological and the molecular stratifications. Conclusions These results support the role of aggresome as a novel prognostic molecular marker for pediatric CPTs that was comparable to the molecular classification in segregating samples into two distinct subgroups, and to the pathological stratification in the prediction of patients’ outcomes. Moreover, the proteogenomic signature of CPTs displayed altered protein homeostasis, manifested by enrichment in processes related to protein quality control. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11060-020-03694-3.
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21
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Wang B, Liang Z, Liu P. Functional aspects of primary cilium in signaling, assembly and microenvironment in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3207-3219. [PMID: 33107052 PMCID: PMC7984063 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is an antennae‐like structure extent outside the cell surface. It has an important role in regulating cell‐signaling transduction to affect proliferation, differentiation and migration. Evidence is accumulating that ciliary defects lead to ciliopathies and ciliary deregulation also play crucial roles in cancer formation and progression. Interestingly, restoring the cilia can suppress proliferation in some cancer cell. However, t he role of primary cilia in cancer still be debated. In this article, we review the role of the primary cilium in cancer through architecture, signaling pathways, cilia assembly and disassembly regulators, and summarized the new findings of the primary cilium in tumor microenvironments and different cancers, highlighting novel possibilities for therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheyong Liang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Xu J, Zhang Y, You S, Guo Y, Chen S, Chang Y, Zhang N, Sun Y. Paired box 9 regulates VSMC phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration via sonic hedgehog. Life Sci 2020; 257:118053. [PMID: 32634424 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Paired box 9 (Pax9) is a member of the Pax gene family which participates in the development of various tissues and organs. However, the effect of Pax9 on atherosclerosis and VSMCs and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. MAIN METHODS Western blotting was performed to assess Pax9 expression in atherosclerosis and VSMCs. Pax9 siRNA and overexpression plasmid were constructed to explore the biological function. Cell proliferation assay, phalloidin staining, and Transwell assay, accompanied by the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway antagonist, cyclopamine (5 μM) and agonist, SAG (100 nM), were used to evaluate the VSMC phenotype, proliferation, and migration, as well as explore the associated mechanisms. KEY FINDINGS We first discovered Pax9 to be significantly increased in atherosclerotic mice and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced VSMCs. Pax9 knockdown inhibited the phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration of VSMCs, whereas the opposite effect was observed when Pax9 was overexpressed. Next, we established that Shh was activated in PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs. Moreover, Pax9 overexpression further activated Shh and exacerbated the phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration of PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs. These changes were effectively inhibited by treatment with the Shh signaling pathway antagonist. Consistently, Pax9 knockdown down-regulated Shh expression and inhibited the phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration of PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs. Treatment with the Shh signaling pathway agonist prevented these changes. SIGNIFICANCE Pax9 regulated VSMC phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration via Shh, which may represent a novel target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shilong You
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ye Chang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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23
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Liu P, Dodson M, Fang D, Chapman E, Zhang DD. NRF2 negatively regulates primary ciliogenesis and hedgehog signaling. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000620. [PMID: 32053600 PMCID: PMC7043785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are lost during cancer development, but the mechanism regulating cilia degeneration is not determined. While transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2) protects cells from oxidative, proteotoxic, and metabolic stress in normal cells, hyperactivation of NRF2 is oncogenic, although the detailed molecular mechanisms by which uncontrolled NRF2 activation promotes cancer progression remain unclear. Here, we report that NRF2 suppresses hedgehog (Hh) signaling through Patched 1 (PTCH1) and primary ciliogenesis via p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1). PTCH1, a negative regulator of Hh signaling, is an NRF2 target gene, and as such, hyperactivation of NRF2 impairs Hh signaling. NRF2 also suppresses primary cilia formation through p62-dependent inclusion body formation and blockage of Bardet–Biedl syndrome 4 (BBS4) entrance into cilia. Simultaneous ablation of PTCH1 and p62 completely abolishes NRF2-mediated inhibition of both primary ciliogenesis and Hh signaling. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified role of NRF2 in controlling a cellular organelle, the primary cilium, and its associated Hh signaling pathway and also uncover a mechanism by which NRF2 hyperactivation promotes tumor progression via primary cilia degeneration and aberrant Hh signaling. A better understanding of the crosstalk between NRF2 and primary cilia/Hh signaling could not only open new avenues for cancer therapeutic discovery but could also have significant implications regarding pathologies other than cancer, including developmental disorders, in which improper primary ciliogenesis and Hh signaling play a major role. This study reveals a novel role for the transcription factor NRF2 in controlling the primary cilium and its associated Hedgehog signaling pathway and also uncovers a mechanism by which NRF2 hyperactivation promotes tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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24
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Wildung M, Esser TU, Grausam KB, Wiedwald C, Volceanov-Hahn L, Riedel D, Beuermann S, Li L, Zylla J, Guenther AK, Wienken M, Ercetin E, Han Z, Bremmer F, Shomroni O, Andreas S, Zhao H, Lizé M. Transcription factor TAp73 and microRNA-449 complement each other to support multiciliogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2740-2757. [PMID: 31068677 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia serve vital functions in development, homeostasis, and regeneration. We recently demonstrated that TAp73 is an essential transcriptional regulator of respiratory multiciliogenesis. Here, we show that TAp73 is expressed in multiciliated cells (MCCs) of diverse tissues. Analysis of TAp73 mutant animals revealed that TAp73 regulates Foxj1, Rfx2, Rfx3, axonemal dyneins Dnali1 and Dnai1, plays a pivotal role in the generation of MCCs in male and female reproductive ducts, and contributes to fertility. However, the function of MCCs in the brain appears to be preserved despite the loss of TAp73, and robust activity of cilia-related networks is maintained in the absence of TAp73. Notably, TAp73 loss leads to distinct changes in ciliogenic microRNAs: miR34bc expression is reduced, whereas the miR449 cluster is induced in diverse multiciliated epithelia. Among different MCCs, choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells in the brain display prominent miR449 expression, whereas brain ventricles exhibit significant increase in miR449 levels along with an increase in the activity of ciliogenic E2F4/MCIDAS circuit in TAp73 mutant animals. Conversely, E2F4 induces robust transcriptional response from miR449 genomic regions. To address whether increased miR449 levels in the brain maintain the multiciliogenesis program in the absence of TAp73, we deleted both TAp73 and miR449 in mice. Although loss of miR449 alone led to a mild ciliary defect in the CP, more pronounced ciliary defects and hydrocephalus were observed in the brain lacking both TAp73 and miR449. In contrast, miR449 loss in other MCCs failed to enhance ciliary defects associated with TAp73 loss. Together, our study shows that, in addition to the airways, TAp73 is essential for generation of MCCs in male and female reproductive ducts, whereas miR449 and TAp73 complement each other to support multiciliogenesis and CP development in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merit Wildung
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Uli Esser
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katie Baker Grausam
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapeutics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Cornelia Wiedwald
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Larisa Volceanov-Hahn
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Electron Microscopy, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Li Li
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapeutics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jessica Zylla
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapeutics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Ann-Kathrin Guenther
- Department of Genes and Behavior, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Wienken
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Evrim Ercetin
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Orr Shomroni
- Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Core Facility, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Andreas
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapeutics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. .,Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA.
| | - Muriel Lizé
- Molecular & Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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25
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Wang J, Merino DM, Light N, Murphy BL, Wang YD, Guo X, Hodges AP, Chau LQ, Liu KW, Dhall G, Asgharzadeh S, Kiehna EN, Shirey RJ, Janda KD, Taylor MD, Malkin D, Ellison DW, VandenBerg SR, Eberhart CG, Sears RC, Roussel MF, Gilbertson RJ, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Myc and Loss of p53 Cooperate to Drive Formation of Choroid Plexus Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2208-2219. [PMID: 30885981 PMCID: PMC6497574 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a rare brain tumor that occurs most commonly in very young children and has a dismal prognosis despite intensive therapy. Improved outcomes for patients with CPC depend on a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disease. Here we developed transgenic models of CPCs by activating the Myc oncogene and deleting the Trp53 tumor suppressor gene in murine neural stem cells or progenitors. Murine CPC resembled their human counterparts at a histologic level, and like the hypodiploid subset of human CPC, exhibited multiple whole-chromosome losses, particularly of chromosomes 8, 12, and 19. Analysis of murine and human CPC gene expression profiles and copy number changes revealed altered expression of genes involved in cell cycle, DNA damage response, and cilium function. High-throughput drug screening identified small molecule inhibitors that decreased the viability of CPC. These models will be valuable tools for understanding the biology of choroid plexus tumors and for testing novel approaches to therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes new mouse models of choroid plexus carcinoma and uses them to investigate the biology and therapeutic responsiveness of this highly malignant pediatric brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Diana M Merino
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Light
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian L Murphy
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew P Hodges
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Lianne Q Chau
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Kun-Wei Liu
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Girish Dhall
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
| | - Erin N Kiehna
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
| | - Ryan J Shirey
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Kim D Janda
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery and Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Scott R VandenBerg
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Molecular and Medical Genetics Department, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California.
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26
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Hu YT, Li BF, Zhang PJ, Wu D, Li YY, Li ZW, Shen L, Dong B, Gao J, Zhu X. Dbx2 exhibits a tumor-promoting function in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines via regulating Shh-Gli1 signaling. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:923-940. [PMID: 30833799 PMCID: PMC6397724 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i8.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. HCC patients suffer from a high mortality-to-incidence ratio and low cure rate since we still have no specific and effective treatment. Although tremendous advances have been made in the investigation of HCC, the specific mechanisms of the progression of this disease are still only partially established. Hence, more research is needed to elucidate the underlying potential mechanisms to develop effective strategies for HCC.
AIM To determine the role of developing brain homeobox 2 (Dbx2) gene in promoting the development of HCC.
METHODS Dbx2 expression in clinical specimens and HCC cell lines was detected by Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry. Gain and loss of Dbx2 function assays were performed in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability assays were used to investigate cell growth, flow cytometry was employed to assess cell cycle and apoptosis, and trans-well assays were conducted to evaluate cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. The expression of key molecules in the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling was determined by WB.
RESULTS Compared to matched adjacent non-tumorous tissues, Dbx2 was overexpressed in 5 HCC cell lines and 76 surgically resected HCC tissues. Dbx2 overexpression was correlated with large tumor size. Both gain and loss of function assays indicated that Dbx2 promoted HCC cell proliferation by facilitating the transition from G1 to S phase, attenuating apoptosis and promoted HCC proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Dbx2 modulated Shh signaling by enhancing FTCH1 and GLi1 expression in HCC cells that overexpressed Dbx2, which was reversed in HCC cells with Dbx2 knockdown.
CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Dbx2 is significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and plays significant roles in proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells by activating the Shh pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Bei-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Interventional Therapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Interventional Therapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yan-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | | | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Interventional Therapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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27
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Sarkisian MR, Semple-Rowland SL. Emerging Roles of Primary Cilia in Glioma. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:55. [PMID: 30842728 PMCID: PMC6391589 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that are typically present on cells during the G0 or G1-S/G2 phases of the cell cycle. Recent studies of glioblastoma (GBM) biopsies, a brain tumor that is notorious for its aggressive growth and resistance to treatment, show that many cells in the tumor lack cilia. At this point, it remains unclear whether primary cilia promote or suppress glioma tumorigenesis. In this review, we will discuss the different roles that have been proposed for primary cilia in glioma and how cilia may contribute to the resistance of these tumors to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Susan L Semple-Rowland
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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28
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Hoang-Minh LB, Dutra-Clarke M, Breunig JJ, Sarkisian MR. Glioma cell proliferation is enhanced in the presence of tumor-derived cilia vesicles. Cilia 2018; 7:6. [PMID: 30410731 PMCID: PMC6219037 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-018-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms by which primary cilia affect glioma pathogenesis are unclear. Depending on the glioma cell line, primary cilia can promote or inhibit tumor development. Here, we used piggyBac-mediated transgenesis to generate patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines that stably express Arl13b:GFP in their cilia. This allowed us to visualize and analyze the behavior of cilia and ciliated cells during live GBM cell proliferation. Results Time-lapse imaging of Arl13b:GFP+ cilia revealed their dynamic behaviors, including distal tip excision into the extracellular milieu. Recent studies of non-cancerous cells indicate that this process occurs during the G0 phase, prior to cilia resorption and cell cycle re-entry, and requires ciliary recruitment of F-actin and actin regulators. Similarly, we observed ciliary buds associated with Ki67- cells as well as scattered F-actin+ cilia, suggesting that quiescent GBM cells may also utilize an actin network-based mechanism for ciliary tip excision. Notably, we found that the proliferation of ciliated GBM cells was promoted by exposing them to conditioned media obtained from ciliated cell cultures when compared to conditioned media collected from cilia-defective cell cultures (depleted in either KIF3A or IFT88 using CRISPR/Cas9). These results suggest that GBM cilia may release mitogenic vesicles carrying factors that promote tumor cell proliferation. Although Arl13b is implicated in tumor growth, our data suggest that Arl13b released from GBM cilia does not mediate tumor cell proliferation. Conclusion Collectively, our results indicate that ciliary vesicles may represent a novel mode of intercellular communication within tumors that contributes to GBM pathogenesis. The mitogenic capacity of GBM ciliary vesicles and the molecular mediators of this phenomenon requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan B Hoang-Minh
- 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.,2Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Marina Dutra-Clarke
- 3Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA.,4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA.,5Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Joshua J Breunig
- 3Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA.,4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA.,5Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Matthew R Sarkisian
- 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.,2Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
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29
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Gu D, Lin H, Zhang X, Fan Q, Chen S, Shahda S, Liu Y, Sun J, Xie J. Simultaneous Inhibition of MEK and Hh Signaling Reduces Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110403. [PMID: 30373214 PMCID: PMC6266431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, mostly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is one of the most lethal cancer types, with an estimated 44,330 death in 2018 in the US alone. While targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved treatment options for patients with lung cancer and renal cell carcinomas, little progress has been made in pancreatic cancer, with a dismal 5-year survival rate currently at ~8%. Upon diagnosis, the majority of pancreatic cancer cases (~80%) are already metastatic. Thus, identifying ways to reduce pancreatic cancer metastasis is an unmet medical need. Furthermore, pancreatic cancer is notorious resistant to chemotherapy. While Kirsten RAt Sarcoma virus oncogene (K-RAS) mutation is the major driver for pancreatic cancer, specific inhibition of RAS signaling has been very challenging, and combination therapy is thought to be promising. In this study, we report that combination of hedgehog (Hh) and Mitogen-activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Kinase (MEK) signaling inhibitors reduces pancreatic cancer metastasis in mouse models. In mouse models of pancreatic cancer metastasis using human pancreatic cancer cells, we found that Hh target gene Gli1 is up-regulated during pancreatic cancer metastasis. Specific inhibition of smoothened signaling significantly altered the gene expression profile of the tumor microenvironment but had no significant effects on cancer metastasis. By combining Hh signaling inhibitor BMS833923 with RAS downstream MEK signaling inhibitor AZD6244, we observed reduced number of metastatic nodules in several mouse models for pancreatic cancer metastasis. These two inhibitors also decreased cell proliferation significantly and reduced CD45+ cells (particularly Ly6G+CD11b+ cells). We demonstrated that depleting Ly6G+ CD11b+ cells is sufficient to reduce cancer cell proliferation and the number of metastatic nodules. In vitro, Ly6G+ CD11b+ cells can stimulate cancer cell proliferation, and this effect is sensitive to MEK and Hh inhibition. Our studies may help design novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate pancreatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Gu
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Qipeng Fan
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Shaoxiong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Safi Shahda
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Jie Sun
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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30
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Eguether T, Hahne M. Mixed signals from the cell's antennae: primary cilia in cancer. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846589. [PMID: 30348893 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are antenna-like organelles that protrude from most mammalian cells. They are essential for the regulation of several signaling pathways such as Hedgehog and WNT It is therefore not surprising that a dysfunction of PC is frequently associated with pathologies. Originally, PC were found to be involved in a variety of diseases commonly referred to as ciliopathies including cystic kidney diseases. Evidence is accumulating that PC play also an important role in cancer formation and regulation, which is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Eguether
- École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Michael Hahne
- IGMM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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31
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Abstract
The primary cilium is an antenna-like organelle assembled on most types of quiescent and differentiated mammalian cells. This immotile structure is essential for interpreting extracellular signals that regulate growth, development and homeostasis. As such, ciliary defects produce a spectrum of human diseases, termed ciliopathies, and deregulation of this important organelle also plays key roles during tumor formation and progression. Recent studies have begun to clarify the key mechanisms that regulate ciliary assembly and disassembly in both normal and tumor cells, highlighting new possibilities for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review these exciting new findings, discussing the molecular factors involved in cilium formation and removal, the intrinsic and extrinsic control of cilium assembly and disassembly, and the relevance of these processes to mammalian cell growth and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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32
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Li J, Li Q, Lin L, Wang R, Chen L, Du W, Jiang C, Li R. Targeting the Notch1 oncogene by miR-139-5p inhibits glioma metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). BMC Neurol 2018; 18:133. [PMID: 30170559 PMCID: PMC6117922 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-018-1139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma metastasis, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance indicate poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence reveals that Notch1 is an important factor in tumour progression. However, the role of Notch1 in glioma EMT and associated microRNAs (miRNAs) with the Notch pathway remain controversial. METHODS Utilizing cBioPortal database to examine the gene signature of NOTCH1 (encoding Notch1), CDH2 (encoding N-cadherin) and SNAI1 (encoding Snail-1) in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). We analyzed the Notch1 expression from Oncomine. We used Western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence to determine protein levels. Transcription was evaluated by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR. siRNA and lentivirus were used to knock down Notch1 and overexpress miR-139-5p, respectively. The migration and invasion of glioma cells were assessed by wound healing and transwell assays. Luciferase reporter assays were utilized to verify the relationship between Notch1 and miR-139-5p. A U87-implanted intracranial model was used to study the effect of miR-139-5p on tumour growth and Notch1 suppression efficacy or EMT reversion. RESULTS It revealed the association of NOTCH1, CDH2, SNAI1 genomic alterations with decreases in DFS and OS. Notch1 was upregulated in classical and proneural subtypes of GBM, and associated with tumour grade. Notch1 inhibition suppressed the biological behaviours of metastasis, invasion and EMT. Notch1 was identified as a novel direct target of miR-139-5p. MiR-139-5p overexpression partially phenocopied Notch1 siRNA, whereas the forced expression of Notch1 reversed the effects of miR-139-5p on the invasion of glioma. Moreover, intracranial tumourigenicity and EMT behaviours were reduced by the introduction of miR-139-5p and partially mediated by the decreased Notch1 expression. CONCLUSIONS miR-139-5p was identified as a tumour suppressor by negatively targeting Notch1, and this work suggests a possible molecular mechanism of the miR-139/Notch1/EMT axis for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qingbin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenzhong Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China. .,Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China. .,Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, 100050, China.
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33
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Zaky W, Finlay JL. Pediatric choroid plexus carcinoma: Biologically and clinically in need of new perspectives. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29528196 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Choroid plexus (CP) carcinoma is a rare pediatric brain neoplasm. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of genome-wide methylation and gene expression profiling to provide additional layers of information to improve tumor risk-stratification. There is a lack of data regarding the best therapy, and approaches have been heterogeneous. Despite multidisciplinary treatment approaches, the outcome remains guarded and treatments have been based on case series and expert opinions. In this study, we discuss the recent wealth of data regarding CP carcinoma molecular biology and current management. We also briefly highlight the remaining barriers to formulate the best treatment strategies, and future therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafik Zaky
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan L Finlay
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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34
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Jenks AD, Vyse S, Wong JP, Kostaras E, Keller D, Burgoyne T, Shoemark A, Tsalikis A, de la Roche M, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Huang PH, Tanos BE. Primary Cilia Mediate Diverse Kinase Inhibitor Resistance Mechanisms in Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 23:3042-3055. [PMID: 29874589 PMCID: PMC6016080 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that detect mechanical and chemical stimuli. Although cilia house a number of oncogenic molecules (including Smoothened, KRAS, EGFR, and PDGFR), their precise role in cancer remains unclear. We have interrogated the role of cilia in acquired and de novo resistance to a variety of kinase inhibitors, and found that, in several examples, resistant cells are distinctly characterized by an increase in the number and/or length of cilia with altered structural features. Changes in ciliation seem to be linked to differences in the molecular composition of cilia and result in enhanced Hedgehog pathway activation. Notably, manipulating cilia length via Kif7 knockdown is sufficient to confer drug resistance in drug-sensitive cells. Conversely, targeting of cilia length or integrity through genetic and pharmacological approaches overcomes kinase inhibitor resistance. Our work establishes a role for ciliogenesis and cilia length in promoting cancer drug resistance and has significant translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Jenks
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Simon Vyse
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jocelyn P Wong
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Eleftherios Kostaras
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Deborah Keller
- FILM, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Amelia Shoemark
- Imperial College London, London, UK Electron Microscopy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Athanasios Tsalikis
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Martin Michaelis
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Barbara E Tanos
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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35
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Shannon ML, Fame RM, Chau KF, Dani N, Calicchio ML, Géléoc GS, Lidov HGW, Alexandrescu S, Lehtinen MK. Mice Expressing Myc in Neural Precursors Develop Choroid Plexus and Ciliary Body Tumors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1334-1344. [PMID: 29545198 PMCID: PMC5971223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Choroid plexus tumors and ciliary body medulloepithelioma are predominantly pediatric neoplasms. Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of these tumors has been hindered by their rarity and lack of models that faithfully recapitulate the disease. Here, we find that endogenous Myc proto-oncogene protein is down-regulated in the forebrain neuroepithelium, whose neural plate border domains give rise to the anterior choroid plexus and ciliary body. To uncover the consequences of persistent Myc expression, MYC expression was forced in multipotent neural precursors (nestin-Cre:Myc), which produced fully penetrant models of choroid plexus carcinoma and ciliary body medulloepithelioma. Nestin-mediated MYC expression in the epithelial cells of choroid plexus leads to the regionalized formation of choroid plexus carcinoma in the posterior domain of the lateral ventricle choroid plexus and the fourth ventricle choroid plexus that is accompanied by loss of multiple cilia, up-regulation of protein biosynthetic machinery, and hydrocephalus. Parallel MYC expression in the ciliary body leads also to up-regulation of protein biosynthetic machinery. Additionally, Myc expression in human choroid plexus tumors increases with aggressiveness of disease. Collectively, our findings expose a select vulnerability of the neuroepithelial lineage to postnatal tumorigenesis and provide a new mouse model for investigating the pathogenesis of these rare pediatric neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Shannon
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin F Chau
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neil Dani
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monica L Calicchio
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gwenaelle S Géléoc
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hart G W Lidov
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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36
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Loskutov YV, Griffin CL, Marinak KM, Bobko A, Margaryan NV, Geldenhuys WJ, Sarkaria JN, Pugacheva EN. LPA signaling is regulated through the primary cilium: a novel target in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2018; 37:1457-1471. [PMID: 29321663 PMCID: PMC5854509 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a ubiquitous organelle presented on most human cells. It is a crucial signaling hub for multiple pathways including growth factor and G-protein coupled receptors. Loss of primary cilia, observed in various cancers, has been shown to affect cell proliferation. Primary cilia formation is drastically decreased in glioblastoma (GBM), however, the role of cilia in normal astrocyte or glioblastoma proliferation has not been explored. Here, we report that loss of primary cilia in human astrocytes stimulates growth rate in a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-dependent manner. We show that lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) is accumulated in primary cilia. LPAR1 signaling through Gα12/Gαq was previously reported to be responsible for cancer cell proliferation. We found that in ciliated cells, Gα12 and Gαq are excluded from the cilium, creating a barrier against unlimited proliferation, one of the hallmarks of cancer. Upon loss of primary cilia, LPAR1 redistributes to the plasma membrane with a concomitant increase in LPAR1 association with Gα12 and Gαq. Inhibition of LPA signaling with the small molecule compound Ki16425 in deciliated highly proliferative astrocytes or glioblastoma patient-derived cells/xenografts drastically suppresses their growth both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Ki16425 brain delivery via PEG-PLGA nanoparticles inhibited tumor progression in an intracranial glioblastoma PDX model. Overall, our findings establish a novel mechanism by which primary cilium restricts proliferation and indicate that loss of primary cilia is sufficient to increase mitogenic signaling, and is important for the maintenance of a highly proliferative phenotype. Clinical application of LPA inhibitors may prove beneficial to restrict glioblastoma growth and ensure local control of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy V Loskutov
- WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Caryn L Griffin
- WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kristina M Marinak
- WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Andrey Bobko
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Naira V Margaryan
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Elena N Pugacheva
- WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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37
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Wheway G, Nazlamova L, Hancock JT. Signaling through the Primary Cilium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:8. [PMID: 29473038 PMCID: PMC5809511 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of single, non-motile “primary” cilia on the surface of epithelial cells has been well described since the 1960s. However, for decades these organelles were believed to be vestigial, with no remaining function, having lost their motility. It wasn't until 2003, with the discovery that proteins responsible for transport along the primary cilium are essential for hedgehog signaling in mice, that the fundamental importance of primary cilia in signal transduction was realized. Little more than a decade later, it is now clear that the vast majority of signaling pathways in vertebrates function through the primary cilium. This has led to the adoption of the term “the cells's antenna” as a description for the primary cilium. Primary cilia are particularly important during development, playing fundamental roles in embryonic patterning and organogenesis, with a suite of inherited developmental disorders known as the “ciliopathies” resulting from mutations in genes encoding cilia proteins. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of these fascinating organelles in a wide range of signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wheway
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Liliya Nazlamova
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John T Hancock
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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38
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El Nagar S, Zindy F, Moens C, Martin L, Plassard D, Roussel MF, Lamonerie T, Billon N. A new genetically engineered mouse model of choroid plexus carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:568-574. [PMID: 29339161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) are highly malignant brain tumours predominantly found in children and associated to poor prognosis. Improved therapy for these cancers would benefit from the generation of animal models. Here we have created a novel mouse CPC model by expressing a stabilised form of c-Myc (MycT58A) and inactivating Trp53 in the choroid plexus of newborn mice. This induced aberrant proliferation of choroid plexus epithelial cells, leading to aggressive tumour development and death within 150 days. Choroid plexus tumours occurred with a complete penetrance in all brain ventricles, with prevalence in the lateral and fourth ventricles. Histological and cellular analysis indicated that these tumours were CPCs resembling their human counterparts. Comparison of gene expression profiles of CPCs and non-neoplastic tissues revealed profound alterations in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage responses, suggesting that dysregulation of cell division and DNA checkpoint pathways may represent key vulnerabilities. This novel animal model of CPC provides an invaluable tool to elucidate the mechanism of CPC formation and to develop successful therapies against this devastating paediatric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederique Zindy
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Charlotte Moens
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France; Present address: Institut des sciences de la vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
| | - Luc Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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39
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Liao W, Li G, You Y, Wan H, Wu Q, Wang C, Lv N. Antitumor activity of Notch‑1 inhibition in human colorectal carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:1063-1071. [PMID: 29286145 PMCID: PMC5802031 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the roles of Notch-1 in colorectal carcinoma, to assess the mechanisms. The expression of Notch-1 and its ligand-Jagged1 was detected in human colorectal carcinoma, colorectal adenoma, paracancerous tissue and normal colorectal tissue by immunohistochemistry. Colorectal carcinoma cell lines were utilized to confirm the expression of Notch-1 in colorectal carcinoma cells. Lentiviral-encoding Notch-1-siRNA, as well as Notch-1 inhibitor was employed to silence Notch-1 expression and to inhibit Notch-1 activity in HT29 cells, respectively. As evidenced, Notch-1 and Jagged1 were highly expressed in colorectal carcinoma and colorectal adenoma tissues, compared with those in paracancerous tissue and normal colorectal tissue. However, the expression of Notch-1 and Jagged1 was comparable in colorectal carcinoma and colorectal adenoma tissues, and in paracancerous and normal colorectal tissues. After screening colorectal carcinoma cell lines, Notch-1 was extensively expressed in COLO 205, HT29, SW480 and SW1116 cells, but slightly expressed in LoVo cells. Subsequently, HT29 cell line was selected to investigate the roles of Notch-1 in tumor cell growth and apoptosis. Lenti-viral encoding Notch-1 siRNA significantly decreased Notch-1 expression, inhibited cell growth, arrested the cell cycle at G1 phase and promoted apoptosis. These effects were further confirmed by the Notch-1 inhibitor DAPT. Additionally, we evidenced that Notch-1 silence promoted P21 and PUMA expression in HT29 cells. Taken together, Notch-1 is an oncogene in colorectal carcinoma and the inhibition of Notch-1 could delay the cell growth and promote apoptosis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangdi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yu You
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Wan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical Molecule Key Laboratory, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chongwen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Nonghua Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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40
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Werner S, Pimenta-Marques A, Bettencourt-Dias M. Maintaining centrosomes and cilia. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3789-3800. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Centrosomes and cilia are present in organisms from all branches of the eukaryotic tree of life. These structures are composed of microtubules and various other proteins, and are required for a plethora of cell processes such as structuring the cytoskeleton, sensing the environment, and motility. Deregulation of centrosome and cilium components leads to a wide range of diseases, some of which are incompatible with life. Centrosomes and cilia are thought to be very stable and can persist over long periods of time. However, these structures can disappear in certain developmental stages and diseases. Moreover, some centrosome and cilia components are quite dynamic. While a large body of knowledge has been produced regarding the biogenesis of these structures, little is known about how they are maintained. In this Review, we propose the existence of specific centrosome and cilia maintenance programs, which are regulated during development and homeostasis, and when deregulated can lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Werner
- Cell Cycle Regulation Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Pimenta-Marques
- Cell Cycle Regulation Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mónica Bettencourt-Dias
- Cell Cycle Regulation Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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41
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Nassar M, Samaha H, Ghabriel M, Yehia M, Taha H, Salem S, Shaaban K, Omar M, Ahmed N, El-Naggar S. LC3A Silencing Hinders Aggresome Vimentin Cage Clearance in Primary Choroid Plexus Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8022. [PMID: 28808307 PMCID: PMC5556083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggresomes are transient microtubule-dependent inclusion bodies that sequester misfolded proteins and are ultimately removed by autophagy. Here we report the generation of a choroid plexus carcinoma cell line; Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE)-45, which is characterized by the constitutive formation of aggresomes. When examining the autophagy pathway as the main route for aggresomes clearance, CCHE-45 cells displayed increased autophagy flux mediated by MAP1LC3B. MAP1LC3A-Variant1 gene expression was silenced by promoter methylation. Restoring MAP1LC3A-Variant1 expression resulted in the formation of MAP1LC3A positive autophagosmes and the disruption of the aggresomes' vimentin cage independent of MAP1LC3B positive autophagosomes. Our data supports the notion that basal quality control autophagy and vimentin cage clearance in CCHE-45 are mediated by MAP1LC3A. Hence we propose that absence of MAP1LC3A disrupts the autophagic pathway and leads to the failure of aggresome vimentin cage degradation. Consequently, this could represent a targetable pathway in autophagy-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Nassar
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Department of Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Seket Al-Emam Street, Cairo, Egypt.,Biotechnology Graduate Program, American University in Cairo. New Cairo Campus, AUC Avenue, P.O Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Heba Samaha
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Department of Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Seket Al-Emam Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Myret Ghabriel
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Department of Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Seket Al-Emam Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Yehia
- Department of Pathology, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Seket Al-Emam Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Taha
- Department of Pathology, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Seket Al-Emam Street, Cairo, Egypt.,National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherin Salem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Seket Al-Emam Street, Cairo, Egypt.,National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Shaaban
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Seket Al-Emam Street, Cairo, Egypt.,National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam Omar
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Department of Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Seket Al-Emam Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Department of Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Seket Al-Emam Street, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates St. Suite 1700, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Shahenda El-Naggar
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Department of Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Seket Al-Emam Street, Cairo, Egypt.
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42
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Grausam KB, Dooyema SDR, Bihannic L, Premathilake H, Morrissy AS, Forget A, Schaefer AM, Gundelach JH, Macura S, Maher DM, Wang X, Heglin AH, Ge X, Zeng E, Puget S, Chandrasekar I, Surendran K, Bram RJ, Schüller U, Talyor MD, Ayrault O, Zhao H. ATOH1 Promotes Leptomeningeal Dissemination and Metastasis of Sonic Hedgehog Subgroup Medulloblastomas. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3766-3777. [PMID: 28490517 PMCID: PMC5512702 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma arising from the cerebellum is the most common pediatric brain malignancy, with leptomeningeal metastases often present at diagnosis and recurrence associated with poor clinical outcome. In this study, we used mouse medulloblastoma models to explore the relationship of tumor pathophysiology and dysregulated expression of the NOTCH pathway transcription factor ATOH1, which is present in aggressive medulloblastoma subtypes driven by aberrant Sonic Hedgehog/Patched (SHH/PTCH) signaling. In experiments with conditional ATOH1 mouse mutants crossed to Ptch1+/- mice, which develop SHH-driven medulloblastoma, animals with Atoh1 transgene expression developed highly penetrant medulloblastoma at a young age with extensive leptomeningeal disease and metastasis to the spinal cord and brain, resembling xenografts of human SHH medulloblastoma. Metastatic tumors retained abnormal SHH signaling like tumor xenografts. Conversely, ATOH1 expression was detected consistently in recurrent and metastatic SHH medulloblastoma. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and gene expression profiling identified candidate ATOH1 targets in tumor cells involved in development and tumorigenesis. Among these targets specific to metastatic tumors, there was an enrichment in those implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling activity, cytoskeletal network and interaction with microenvironment, indicating a shift in transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes during metastasis. Treatment with bone morphogenetic protein or SHH pathway inhibitors decreased tumor cell proliferation and suppressed metastatic tumor growth, respectively. Our work reveals a dynamic ATOH1-driven molecular cascade underlying medulloblastoma metastasis that offers possible therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Res; 77(14); 3766-77. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie B Grausam
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Samuel D R Dooyema
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Laure Bihannic
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France
| | | | - A Sorana Morrissy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoine Forget
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France
| | - Amanda M Schaefer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Justin H Gundelach
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Slobodan Macura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Minnesota
| | - Diane M Maher
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Xin Wang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex H Heglin
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Xijin Ge
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Erliang Zeng
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Department of Computer Science, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Stephanie Puget
- AP-HP, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Indra Chandrasekar
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Kameswaran Surendran
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Richard J Bram
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Talyor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
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He SJ, Xiang CQ, Zhang Y, Lu XT, Chen HW, Xiong LX. Recent progress on the effects of microRNAs and natural products on tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3435-3451. [PMID: 28744148 PMCID: PMC5513877 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s139546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process of phenotypic transition of epithelial cells that can promote physiological development as well as tissue healing and repair. In recent years, cancer researchers have noted that EMT is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. When tumor cells undergo EMT, they can develop enhanced migration and local tissue invasion abilities, which can lead to metastatic growth. Nevertheless, two researches in NATURE deny its necessity in specific tumors and that is discussed in this review. The degree of EMT and the detection of EMT-associated marker molecules can also be used to judge the risk of metastasis and to evaluate patients’ prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs, which can inhibit gene expression and protein translation through specific binding with the 3′ untranslated region of mRNA. In this review, we summarize the miRNAs that are reported to influence EMT through transcription factors such as ZEB, SNAIL, and TWIST, as well as some natural products that regulate EMT in tumors. Moreover, mutual inhibition occurs between some transcription factors and miRNAs, and these effects appear to occur in a complex regulatory network. Thus, understanding the role of miRNAs in EMT and tumor growth may lead to new treatments for malignancies. Natural products can also be combined with conventional chemotherapy to enhance curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jin He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Chu-Qi Xiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Yu Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Xiang-Tong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Hou-Wen Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Toomer KA, Fulmer D, Guo L, Drohan A, Peterson N, Swanson P, Brooks B, Mukherjee R, Body S, Lipschutz JH, Wessels A, Norris RA. A role for primary cilia in aortic valve development and disease. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:625-634. [PMID: 28556366 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is the most common congenital heart defect, affecting 0.5-1.2% of the population and causing significant morbidity and mortality. Only a few genes have been identified in pedigrees, and no single gene model explains BAV inheritance, thus supporting a complex genetic network of interacting genes. However, patients with rare syndromic diseases that stem from alterations in the structure and function of primary cilia ("ciliopathies") exhibit BAV as a frequent cardiovascular finding, suggesting primary cilia may factor broadly in disease etiology. RESULTS Our data are the first to demonstrate that primary cilia are expressed on aortic valve mesenchymal cells during embryonic development and are lost as these cells differentiate into collagen-secreting fibroblastic-like cells. The function of primary cilia was tested by genetically ablating the critical ciliogenic gene Ift88. Loss of Ift88 resulted in abrogation of primary cilia and increased fibrogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Consequentially, stratification of ECM boundaries normally present in the aortic valve were lost and a highly penetrant BAV phenotype was evident at birth. CONCLUSIONS Our data support cilia as a novel cellular mechanism for restraining ECM production during aortic valve development and broadly implicate these structures in the etiology of BAV disease in humans. Developmental Dynamics 246:625-634, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn A Toomer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Diana Fulmer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lilong Guo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alex Drohan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Neal Peterson
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Paige Swanson
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Brittany Brooks
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Simon Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Andy Wessels
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Russell A Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Abstract
Multiciliated cells are epithelial cells that are in contact with bodily fluids and are required for the proper function of major organs including the brain, the respiratory system and the reproductive tracts. Their multiple motile cilia beat unidirectionally to remove particles of external origin from their surface and/or drive cells or fluids into the lumen of the organs. Multiciliated cells in the brain are produced once, almost exclusively during embryonic development, whereas in respiratory tracts and oviducts they regenerate throughout life. In this Review, we provide a cell-to-organ overview of multiciliated cells and highlight recent studies that have greatly increased our understanding of the mechanisms driving the development and function of these cells in vertebrates. We discuss cell fate determination and differentiation of multiciliated cells, and provide a comprehensive account of their locations and functions in mammals.
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Distinct patterns of primary and motile cilia in Rathke's cleft cysts and craniopharyngioma subtypes. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1446-1459. [PMID: 27562488 PMCID: PMC5442446 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are highly conserved organelles, which serve critical roles in development and physiology. Motile cilia are expressed in a limited range of tissues, where they principally regulate local extracellular fluid dynamics. In contrast, primary cilia are expressed by many vertebrate cell types during interphase, and are intimately involved in the cell cycle and signal transduction. Notably, primary cilia are essential for vertebrate hedgehog pathway activity. Improved detection of motile cilia may assist in the diagnosis of some pathologic entities such as Rathke's cleft cysts, whereas characterizing primary cilia in neoplastic tissues may implicate cilia-dependent signaling pathways as critical for tumorigenesis. We show that immunohistochemistry for the nuclear transcription factor FOXJ1, a master regulator of motile ciliogenesis, robustly labels the motile ciliated epithelium of Rathke's cleft cysts. FOXJ1 expression discriminates Rathke's cleft cysts from entities in the sellar/suprasellar region with overlapping histologic features such as craniopharyngiomas. Co-immunohistochemistry for FOXJ1 and markers that highlight motile cilia such as acetylated tubulin (TUBA4A) and the small GTPase ARL13B further enhance the ability to identify diagnostic epithelial cells. In addition to highlighting motile cilia, ARL13B immunohistochemistry also robustly highlights primary cilia in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Primary cilia are present throughout the neoplastic epithelium of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, but are limited to basally oriented cells near the fibrovascular stroma in papillary craniopharyngioma. Consistent with this differing pattern of primary ciliation, adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas express significantly higher levels of SHH, and downstream targets such as PTCH1 and GLI2, compared with papillary craniopharyngiomas. In conclusion, motile ciliated epithelium can be readily identified using immunohistochemistry for FOXJ1, TUBA4A, and ARL13B, facilitating the diagnosis of Rathke's cleft cysts. Primary cilia can be identified by ARL13B immunohistochemistry in routine pathology specimens. The widespread presence of primary cilia in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma implicates cilia-dependent hedgehog signaling in the pathogenesis of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.
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Li J, Cai J, Zhao S, Yao K, Sun Y, Li Y, Chen L, Li R, Zhai X, Zhang J, Jiang C. GANT61, a GLI inhibitor, sensitizes glioma cells to the temozolomide treatment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:184. [PMID: 27894350 PMCID: PMC5127098 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of downregulating Hedgehog pathway by GANT61 on human glioma cells, examine the consequent changes of temozolomide (TMZ)-induced effects and explore the molecular mechanisms. METHODS The cytotoxicity of a Gli1/2 inhibitor, GANT61 was examined both alone and in combination with TMZ in human glioma cell lines. The mRNA and protein expression alterations were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. CCK-8 assay detected the cell proliferative capability. Apoptotic cell number was measured by flow cytometry. The transwell assay was used to test the cell invasive capability. DNA damage effect was identified by COMET assay and γH2AX expression. RESULTS Proliferation of tumor cells treated with GANT61 in combination with TMZ was significantly suppressed compared with those treated with either drug used alone. The combination treatment induced a higher rate of apoptosis, DNA damage and reduced the invasive capability of glioma cells. DNA damage repair enzyme MGMT and the Notch1 pathway increased in the cells treated by TMZ treatment. However, GANT61 could abrogated the protein increasing. CONCLUSIONS GANT61 sensitizes glioma cells to TMZ treatment by enhancing DNA damage effect, decreasing MGMT expression and the Notch1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shihong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Pathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yongli Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiuwei Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing LongNan Hospital, Daqing, 163001, China
| | - Junhe Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China. .,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China. .,Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, 100050, China.
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Hoang-Minh LB, Deleyrolle LP, Nakamura NS, Parker AK, Martuscello RT, Reynolds BA, Sarkisian MR. PCM1 Depletion Inhibits Glioblastoma Cell Ciliogenesis and Increases Cell Death and Sensitivity to Temozolomide. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:392-402. [PMID: 27661404 PMCID: PMC5035360 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the molecules implicated in the growth and survival of glioblastoma (GBM) cells and their response to temozolomide (TMZ), the standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agent, is necessary for the development of new therapies that would improve the outcome of current GBM treatments. In this study, we characterize the role of pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1), a component of centriolar satellites surrounding centrosomes, in GBM cell proliferation and sensitivity to genotoxic agents such as TMZ. We show that PCM1 is expressed around centrioles and ciliary basal bodies in patient GBM biopsies and derived cell lines and that its localization is dynamic throughout the cell cycle. To test whether PCM1 mediates GBM cell proliferation and/or response to TMZ, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate primary GBM cell lines depleted of PCM1. These PCM1-depleted cells displayed reduced AZI1 satellite protein localization and significantly decreased proliferation, which was attributable to increased apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, PCM1-depleted lines were more sensitive to TMZ toxicity than control lines. The increase in TMZ sensitivity may be partly due to the reduced ability of PCM1-depleted cells to form primary cilia, as depletion of KIF3A also ablated GBM cells' ciliogenesis and increased their sensitivity to TMZ while preserving PCM1 localization. In addition, the co-depletion of KIF3A and PCM1 did not have any additive effect on TMZ sensitivity. Together, our data suggest that PCM1 plays multiple roles in GBM pathogenesis and that associated pathways could be targeted to augment current or future anti-GBM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan B Hoang-Minh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nariaki S Nakamura
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alexander K Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Regina T Martuscello
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Matthew R Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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49
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Abstract
Primary cilia are cellular structures that have important functions in development and disease. The suppression of multiciliate differentiation of choroid plexus precursors, and maintenance of a single primary cilium by Notch1, is now shown to be involved in choroid plexus tumour formation.
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