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Yang X, Zhou X, Qin X, Liang D, Dong X, Ji H, Wen S, Du L, Li M. Deuteration-Driven Photopharmacology: Deuterium-Labeled AzoCholine for Controlling Alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1839-1846. [PMID: 38898952 PMCID: PMC11184602 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Photopharmacology is a powerful approach to investigate biological processes and overcomes the common therapeutic challenges in drug development. Enhancing the photopharmacology properties of photoswitches contributes to extend their applications. Deuteration, a tiny structural modification, makes it possible to improve the photopharmacology and photophysical properties of prototype compounds, avoiding extra complex chemical changes or constructing multicomponent systems. In this work, we developed a series of D-labeled azobenzenes to expand the azobenzene photoswitchable library and introduced the D-labeled azobenzene unit into the photoagonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs) to investigate the effects of deuteration in photopharmacology. Spectral data indicated that deuteration maintained most of the photophysical properties of azobenzenes. The D-labeled photoagonist exhibited good control of the activity of α7 nAChRs than the prototype photoagonist. These results confirmed that deuteration is a promising strategy to improve the photopharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Yang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Pharmaceutical
College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection
and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug
Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaojun Qin
- Pharmaceutical
College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection
and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug
Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xuhui Dong
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Huimin Ji
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Siman Wen
- Pharmaceutical
College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection
and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug
Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Lupei Du
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Helmholtz
International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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2
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Marcus DJ, Bruchas MR. Optical Approaches for Investigating Neuromodulation and G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1119-1139. [PMID: 37429736 PMCID: PMC10595021 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that roughly 40% of all US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacological therapeutics target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), there remains a gap in our understanding of the physiologic and functional role of these receptors at the systems level. Although heterologous expression systems and in vitro assays have revealed a tremendous amount about GPCR signaling cascades, how these cascades interact across cell types, tissues, and organ systems remains obscure. Classic behavioral pharmacology experiments lack both the temporal and spatial resolution to resolve these long-standing issues. Over the past half century, there has been a concerted effort toward the development of optical tools for understanding GPCR signaling. From initial ligand uncaging approaches to more recent development of optogenetic techniques, these strategies have allowed researchers to probe longstanding questions in GPCR pharmacology both in vivo and in vitro. These tools have been employed across biologic systems and have allowed for interrogation of everything from specific intramolecular events to pharmacology at the systems level in a spatiotemporally specific manner. In this review, we present a historical perspective on the motivation behind and development of a variety of optical toolkits that have been generated to probe GPCR signaling. Here we highlight how these tools have been used in vivo to uncover the functional role of distinct populations of GPCRs and their signaling cascades at a systems level. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain one of the most targeted classes of proteins for pharmaceutical intervention, yet we still have a limited understanding of how their unique signaling cascades effect physiology and behavior at the systems level. In this review, we discuss a vast array of optical techniques that have been devised to probe GPCR signaling both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Marcus
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain and Emotion (D.J.M., M.R.B.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.J.M., M.R.B.), Department of Pharmacology (M.R.B.), and Department of Bioengineering (M.R.B.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain and Emotion (D.J.M., M.R.B.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.J.M., M.R.B.), Department of Pharmacology (M.R.B.), and Department of Bioengineering (M.R.B.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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3
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Hetzler B, Donthamsetti P, Peitsinis Z, Stanley C, Trauner D, Isacoff EY. Optical Control of Dopamine D2-like Receptors with Cell-Specific Fast-Relaxing Photoswitches. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18778-18788. [PMID: 37586061 PMCID: PMC10472511 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D2-like receptors (D2R, D3R, and D4R) control diverse physiological and behavioral functions and are important targets for the treatment of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Their complex distribution and activation kinetics in the brain make it difficult to target specific receptor populations with sufficient precision. We describe a new toolkit of light-activatable, fast-relaxing, covalently taggable chemical photoswitches that fully activate, partially activate, or block D2-like receptors. This technology combines the spatiotemporal precision of a photoswitchable ligand (P) with cell type and spatial specificity of a genetically encoded membrane anchoring protein (M) to which the P tethers. These tools set the stage for targeting endogenous D2-like receptor signaling with molecular, cellular, and spatiotemporal precision using only one wavelength of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda
E. Hetzler
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Molecular
and Cell Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zisis Peitsinis
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Cherise Stanley
- Molecular
and Cell Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational
Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ehud Y. Isacoff
- Molecular
and Cell Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Helen
Wills Neuroscience Institute, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Weill Neurohub, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular
Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Design, Synthesis, and Photo-Responsive Properties of a Collagen Model Peptide Bearing an Azobenzene. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a vital component of the extracellular matrix in animals. Collagen forms a characteristic triple helical structure and plays a key role in supporting connective tissues and cell adhesion. The ability to control the collagen triple helix structure is useful for medical and conformational studies because the physicochemical properties of the collagen rely on its conformation. Although some photo-controllable collagen model peptides (CMPs) have been reported, satisfactory photo-control has not yet been achieved. To achieve this objective, detailed investigation of the isomerization behavior of the azobenzene moiety in CMPs is required. Herein, two CMPs were attached via an azobenzene linker to control collagen triple helix formation by light irradiation. Azo-(PPG)10 with two (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 CMPs linked via a photo-responsive azobenzene moiety was designed and synthesized. Conformational changes were evaluated by circular dichroism and the cis-to-trans isomerization rate calculated from the absorption of the azobenzene moiety indicated that the collagen triple helix structure was partially disrupted by isomerization of the internal azobenzene.
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5
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Breaking photoswitch activation depth limit using ionising radiation stimuli adapted to clinical application. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4102. [PMID: 35835744 PMCID: PMC9283480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic radiation-triggered therapeutic effect has attracted a great interest over the last 50 years. However, translation to clinical applications of photoactive molecular systems developed to date is dramatically limited, mainly because their activation requires excitation by low-energy photons from the ultraviolet to near infra-red range, preventing any activation deeper than few millimetres under the skin. Herein we conceive a strategy for photosensitive-system activation potentially adapted to biological tissues without any restriction in depth. High-energy stimuli, such as those employed for radiotherapy, are used to carry energy while molecular activation is provided by local energy conversion. This concept is applied to azobenzene, one of the most established photoswitches, to build a radioswitch. The radiation-responsive molecular system developed is used to trigger cytotoxic effect on cancer cells upon gamma-ray irradiation. This breakthrough activation concept is expected to expand the scope of applications of photosensitive systems and paves the way towards the development of original therapeutic approaches.
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6
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Orthogonal Control of Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Using Photopharmacology. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1433-1442. [PMID: 35737209 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, photopharmacology has gone far beyond its proof-of-concept stage to become a bona fide approach to study neural systems in vivo. Indeed, photopharmacological control has expanded over a wide range of endogenous targets, such as receptors, ion channels, transporters, kinases, lipids, and DNA transcription processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent progresses in the in vivo photopharmacological control of neuronal circuits and behavior. In particular, the use of small aquatic animals for the in vivo screening of photopharmacological compounds, the recent advances in optical modulation of complex behaviors in mice, and the development of adjacent techniques for light and drug delivery in vivo are described.
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7
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Kim SH, Kim S, Kim N, Attri P, Kim IT. The increase in diffraction efficiency of an azobenzene side-chain polymer using imidazolium and ammonium ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Fu W, Shao Z, Sun X, Zhou C, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Li Z, Shao X. Reversible Regulation of Succinate Dehydrogenase by Tools of Photopharmacology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4279-4290. [PMID: 35357145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is extremely important in metabolic function and biological processes. Modulation of SDH has been reported to be a promising therapeutic target to SDH mutations. Current measures for the regulation of SDH are scarce, and precise and reversible modulation of SDH still remains challenging. Herein, a powerful tool for reversible optical control of SDH was proposed and evaluated utilizing the technology of photopharmacology. We reported photochromic ligands (PCLs), azobenzene-pyrazole amides (APAs), that exert light-dependent inhibition effects on SDH. Physicochemical property tests and biological assays were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of modulating SDH. In this paper, common agricultural pathogens were used to develop a procedure by which our PCLs could reversibly and precisely control SDH utilizing green light. This research would help us to understand the target-ligand interactions and provide new insights into modulation of SDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhongli Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xujuan Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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9
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Guérineau NC, Campos P, Le Tissier PR, Hodson DJ, Mollard P. Cell Networks in Endocrine/Neuroendocrine Gland Function. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3371-3415. [PMID: 35578964 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction, growth, stress, and metabolism are determined by endocrine/neuroendocrine systems that regulate circulating hormone concentrations. All these systems generate rhythms and changes in hormone pulsatility observed in a variety of pathophysiological states. Thus, the output of endocrine/neuroendocrine systems must be regulated within a narrow window of effective hormone concentrations but must also maintain a capacity for plasticity to respond to changing physiological demands. Remarkably most endocrinologists still have a "textbook" view of endocrine gland organization which has emanated from 20th century histological studies on thin 2D tissue sections. However, 21st -century technological advances, including in-depth 3D imaging of specific cell types have vastly changed our knowledge. We now know that various levels of multicellular organization can be found across different glands, that organizational motifs can vary between species and can be modified to enhance or decrease hormonal release. This article focuses on how the organization of cells regulates hormone output using three endocrine/neuroendocrine glands that present different levels of organization and complexity: the adrenal medulla, with a single neuroendocrine cell type; the anterior pituitary, with multiple intermingled cell types; and the pancreas with multiple intermingled cell types organized into distinct functional units. We give an overview of recent methodologies that allow the study of the different components within endocrine systems, particularly their temporal and spatial relationships. We believe the emerging findings about network organization, and its impact on hormone secretion, are crucial to understanding how homeostatic regulation of endocrine axes is carried out within endocrine organs themselves. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3371-3415, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Campos
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul R Le Tissier
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.,COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrice Mollard
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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10
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Kramer RH, Rajappa R. Interrogating the function of GABA A receptors in the brain with optogenetic pharmacology. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 63:102198. [PMID: 35276498 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To better understand neural circuits and behavior, microbial opsins have been developed as optogenetic tools for stimulating or inhibiting action potentials with high temporal and spatial precision. However, if we seek a more reductionist understanding of how neuronal circuits operate, we also need high-resolution tools for perturbing the function of synapses. By combining photochemical tools and molecular biology, a wide variety of light-regulated neurotransmitter receptors have been developed, enabling photo-control of excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory synaptic transmission. Here we focus on photo-control of GABAA receptors, ligand-gated Cl- channels that underlie almost all synaptic inhibition in the mammalian brain. By conjugating a photoswitchable tethered ligand onto a genetically-modified subunit of the GABAA receptor, light-sensitivity can be conferred onto specific isoforms of the receptor. Through gene editing, this attachment site can be knocked into the genome, enabling photocontrol of endogenous GABAA receptors. This strategy can be employed to explore the cell biology and neurophysiology of GABAA receptors. This includes investigating how specific isoforms contribute to synaptic and tonic inhibition and understanding the roles they play in brain development, long-term synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| | - Rajit Rajappa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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11
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Advances in tethered photopharmacology for precise optical control of signaling proteins. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 63:102196. [PMID: 35245800 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of traditional pharmacology, the field of photopharmacology has developed around the central concept of using light to endow drug action with spatiotemporal precision. Tethered photopharmacology, where a photoswitchable ligand is covalently attached to a target protein, offers a particularly high degree of spatiotemporal control, as well as the ability to genetically target drug action and limit effects to specific protein subtypes. In this review, we describe the core engineering concepts of tethered pharmacology and highlight recent advances in harnessing the power of tethered photopharmacology for an expanded palette of targets and conjugation modes using new, complementary strategies. We also discuss the various applications, including mechanistic studies from the molecular biophysical realm to in vivo studies in behaving animals, that demonstrate the power of tethered pharmacology.
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12
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Shen Y, Luchetti A, Fernandes G, Do Heo W, Silva AJ. The emergence of molecular systems neuroscience. Mol Brain 2022; 15:7. [PMID: 34983613 PMCID: PMC8728933 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems neuroscience is focused on how ensemble properties in the brain, such as the activity of neuronal circuits, gives rise to internal brain states and behavior. Many of the studies in this field have traditionally involved electrophysiological recordings and computational approaches that attempt to decode how the brain transforms inputs into functional outputs. More recently, systems neuroscience has received an infusion of approaches and techniques that allow the manipulation (e.g., optogenetics, chemogenetics) and imaging (e.g., two-photon imaging, head mounted fluorescent microscopes) of neurons, neurocircuits, their inputs and outputs. Here, we will review novel approaches that allow the manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells (not just neurons), cell ensembles and brain regions. These molecular approaches, with the specificity and temporal resolution appropriate for systems studies, promise to infuse the field with novel ideas, emphases and directions, and are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience, a new discipline that studies how the spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits and brain networks, and consequently shape the properties of brain states and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Luchetti
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giselle Fernandes
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Won Do Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Alcino J Silva
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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13
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Maltan L, Najjar H, Tiffner A, Derler I. Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms and Intervening in Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes of Ca 2+ Signaling Mechanisms Using Optogenetic Tools. Cells 2021; 10:3340. [PMID: 34943850 PMCID: PMC8699489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ion channels are involved in numerous biological functions such as lymphocyte activation, muscle contraction, neurotransmission, excitation, hormone secretion, gene expression, cell migration, memory, and aging. Therefore, their dysfunction can lead to a wide range of cellular abnormalities and, subsequently, to diseases. To date various conventional techniques have provided valuable insights into the roles of Ca2+ signaling. However, their limited spatiotemporal resolution and lack of reversibility pose significant obstacles in the detailed understanding of the structure-function relationship of ion channels. These drawbacks could be partially overcome by the use of optogenetics, which allows for the remote and well-defined manipulation of Ca2+-signaling. Here, we review the various optogenetic tools that have been used to achieve precise control over different Ca2+-permeable ion channels and receptors and associated downstream signaling cascades. We highlight the achievements of optogenetics as well as the still-open questions regarding the resolution of ion channel working mechanisms. In addition, we summarize the successes of optogenetics in manipulating many Ca2+-dependent biological processes both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, optogenetics has significantly advanced our understanding of Ca2+ signaling proteins and the used tools provide an essential basis for potential future therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria; (L.M.); (H.N.); (A.T.)
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14
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Volarić J, Szymanski W, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12377-12449. [PMID: 34590636 PMCID: PMC8591629 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Nin-Hill A, Mueller NPF, Molteni C, Rovira C, Alfonso-Prieto M. Photopharmacology of Ion Channels through the Light of the Computational Microscope. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12072. [PMID: 34769504 PMCID: PMC8584574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical control and investigation of neuronal activity can be achieved and carried out with photoswitchable ligands. Such compounds are designed in a modular fashion, combining a known ligand of the target protein and a photochromic group, as well as an additional electrophilic group for tethered ligands. Such a design strategy can be optimized by including structural data. In addition to experimental structures, computational methods (such as homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling techniques) can provide structural insights to guide photoswitch design and to understand the observed light-regulated effects. This review discusses the application of such structure-based computational methods to photoswitchable ligands targeting voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels. Structural mapping may help identify residues near the ligand binding pocket amenable for mutagenesis and covalent attachment. Modeling of the target protein in a complex with the photoswitchable ligand can shed light on the different activities of the two photoswitch isomers and the effect of site-directed mutations on photoswitch binding, as well as ion channel subtype selectivity. The examples presented here show how the integration of computational modeling with experimental data can greatly facilitate photoswitchable ligand design and optimization. Recent advances in structural biology, both experimental and computational, are expected to further strengthen this rational photopharmacology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Nin-Hill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.N.-H.); (C.R.)
| | - Nicolas Pierre Friedrich Mueller
- Institute for Advanced Simulations IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carla Molteni
- Physics Department, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.N.-H.); (C.R.)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08020 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto
- Institute for Advanced Simulations IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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16
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Kolesov DV, Sokolinskaya EL, Lukyanov KA, Bogdanov AM. Molecular Tools for Targeted Control of Nerve Cell Electrical Activity. Part II. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:17-32. [PMID: 35127143 PMCID: PMC8807539 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern life sciences, the issue of a specific, exogenously directed manipulation of a cell's biochemistry is a highly topical one. In the case of electrically excitable cells, the aim of the manipulation is to control the cells' electrical activity, with the result being either excitation with subsequent generation of an action potential or inhibition and suppression of the excitatory currents. The techniques of electrical activity stimulation are of particular significance in tackling the most challenging basic problem: figuring out how the nervous system of higher multicellular organisms functions. At this juncture, when neuroscience is gradually abandoning the reductionist approach in favor of the direct investigation of complex neuronal systems, minimally invasive methods for brain tissue stimulation are becoming the basic element in the toolbox of those involved in the field. In this review, we describe three approaches that are based on the delivery of exogenous, genetically encoded molecules sensitive to external stimuli into the nervous tissue. These approaches include optogenetics (overviewed in Part I), as well as chemogenetics and thermogenetics (described here, in Part II), which is significantly different not only in the nature of the stimuli and structure of the appropriate effector proteins, but also in the details of experimental applications. The latter circumstance is an indication that these are rather complementary than competing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Kolesov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - E. L. Sokolinskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - K. A. Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. M. Bogdanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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17
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Cheng HB, Zhang S, Qi J, Liang XJ, Yoon J. Advances in Application of Azobenzene as a Trigger in Biomedicine: Molecular Design and Spontaneous Assembly. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007290. [PMID: 34028901 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene is a well-known derivative of stimulus-responsive molecular switches and has shown superior performance as a functional material in biomedical applications. The results of multiple studies have led to the development of light/hypoxia-responsive azobenzene for biomedical use. In recent years, long-wavelength-responsive azobenzene has been developed. Matching the longer wavelength absorption and hypoxia-response characteristics of the azobenzene switch unit to the bio-optical window results in a large and effective stimulus response. In addition, azobenzene has been used as a hypoxia-sensitive connector via biological cleavage under appropriate stimulus conditions. This has resulted in on/off state switching of properties such as pharmacology and fluorescence activity. Herein, recent advances in the design and fabrication of azobenzene as a trigger in biomedicine are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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18
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Tsai YH, Doura T, Kiyonaka S. Tethering-based chemogenetic approaches for the modulation of protein function in live cells. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7909-7923. [PMID: 34114579 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the workhorse molecules performing various tasks to sustain life. To investigate the roles of a protein under physiological conditions, the rapid modulation of the protein with high specificity in a living system would be ideal, but achieving this is often challenging. To address this challenge, researchers have developed chemogenetic strategies for the rapid and selective modulation of protein function in live cells. Here, the target protein is modified genetically to become sensitive to a designer molecule that otherwise has no effect on other cellular biomolecules. One powerful chemogenetic strategy is to introduce a tethering point into the target protein, allowing covalent or non-covalent attachment of the designer molecule. In this tutorial review, we focus on tethering-based chemogenetic approaches for modulating protein function in live cells. We first describe genetic, optogenetic and chemical means to study protein function. These means lay the basis for the chemogenetic concept, which is explained in detail. The next section gives an overview, including advantages and limitations, of tethering tactics that have been employed for modulating cellular protein function. The third section provides examples of the modulation of cell-surface proteins using tethering-based chemogenetics through non-covalent tethering and covalent tethering for irreversible modulation or functional switching. The fourth section presents intracellular examples. The last section summarizes key considerations in implementing tethering-based chemogenetics and shows perspectives highlighting future directions and other applications of this burgeoning research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
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19
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Bregestovski PD, Ponomareva DN. Photochromic Modulation of Cys-loop
Ligand-gated Ion Channels. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Gutzeit VA, Acosta-Ruiz A, Munguba H, Häfner S, Landra-Willm A, Mathes B, Mony J, Yarotski D, Börjesson K, Liston C, Sandoz G, Levitz J, Broichhagen J. A fine-tuned azobenzene for enhanced photopharmacology in vivo. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1648-1663.e16. [PMID: 33735619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the power of photopharmacology for interrogating signaling proteins, many photopharmacological systems are limited by their efficiency, speed, or spectral properties. Here, we screen a library of azobenzene photoswitches and identify a urea-substituted "azobenzene-400" core that offers bistable switching between cis and trans with improved kinetics, light sensitivity, and a red-shift. We then focus on the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), neuromodulatory receptors that are major pharmacological targets. Synthesis of "BGAG12,400," a photoswitchable orthogonal, remotely tethered ligand (PORTL), enables highly efficient, rapid optical agonism following conjugation to SNAP-tagged mGluR2 and permits robust optical control of mGluR1 and mGluR5 signaling. We then produce fluorophore-conjugated branched PORTLs to enable dual imaging and manipulation of mGluRs and highlight their power in ex vivo slice and in vivo behavioral experiments in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Finally, we demonstrate the generalizability of our strategy by developing an improved soluble, photoswitchable pore blocker for potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Gutzeit
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amanda Acosta-Ruiz
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hermany Munguba
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephanie Häfner
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Landra-Willm
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Bettina Mathes
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dzianis Yarotski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Conor Liston
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guillaume Sandoz
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Chemical Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Yokoo H, Hirano M, Misawa T, Demizu Y. Helical Antimicrobial Peptide Foldamers Containing Non-proteinogenic Amino Acids. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1226-1233. [PMID: 33565721 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potential novel therapeutic drugs against microbial infections. Most AMPs function by disrupting microbial membranes because of their amphipathic properties and ordered secondary structures. In this minireview, we describe recent efforts to develop helical AMP foldamers containing non-proteinogenic amino acids, such as α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids, β-amino acids, γ-amino acids, side-chain stapling and N-alkyl glycines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetomo Yokoo
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Motoharu Hirano
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Misawa
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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22
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Salmina AB, Gorina YV, Erofeev AI, Balaban PM, Bezprozvanny IB, Vlasova OL. Optogenetic and chemogenetic modulation of astroglial secretory phenotype. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:459-479. [PMID: 33550788 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play a major role in brain function and alterations in astrocyte function that contribute to the pathogenesis of many brain disorders. The astrocytes are attractive cellular targets for neuroprotection and brain tissue regeneration. Development of novel approaches to monitor and to control astroglial function is of great importance for further progress in basic neurobiology and in clinical neurology, as well as psychiatry. Recently developed advanced optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques enable precise stimulation of astrocytes in vitro and in vivo, which can be achieved by the expression of light-sensitive channels and receptors, or by expression of receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs. Optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes leads to dramatic changes in intracellular calcium concentrations and causes the release of gliotransmitters. Optogenetic and chemogenetic protocols for astrocyte activation aid in extracting novel information regarding the function of brain's neurovascular unit. This review summarizes current data obtained by this approach and discusses a potential mechanistic connection between astrocyte stimulation and changes in brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B Salmina
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yana V Gorina
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexander I Erofeev
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel M Balaban
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology of Learning, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya B Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Olga L Vlasova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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23
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Dunning K, Grutter T. Manipulation of ion channel gating with photoswitchable tweezers. Methods Enzymol 2021; 653:349-376. [PMID: 34099179 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of ion channel activity is of central importance within the nervous system, and an in-depth understanding of how such activity occurs on the molecular level is of prime importance for enhancing our understanding of neuronal systems in physiological and pathological states. The use of light as a stimulus has presented the unique opportunity to study these dynamic processes with exquisite spatiotemporal control. We have developed the photoswitchable tweezers method, an optogenetic pharmacology-based technique which relies on the use of a photoswitchable crosslinker as "tweezers" to manipulate the molecular movements involved in ion channel functionalities. Not only does this allow optical control of ion channel activity, but also investigation into the molecular motions and inter-residue distances implicated in such activity. In this chapter we discuss the principles behind the photoswitchable tweezers method, its strategic design and the key experimental steps involved in this technique, using purinergic P2X2 receptor as a case study system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Dunning
- University of Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Grutter
- University of Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies (USIAS), Strasbourg, France.
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24
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Forro C, Caron D, Angotzi GN, Gallo V, Berdondini L, Santoro F, Palazzolo G, Panuccio G. Electrophysiology Read-Out Tools for Brain-on-Chip Biotechnology. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:124. [PMID: 33498905 PMCID: PMC7912435 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain-on-Chip (BoC) biotechnology is emerging as a promising tool for biomedical and pharmaceutical research applied to the neurosciences. At the convergence between lab-on-chip and cell biology, BoC couples in vitro three-dimensional brain-like systems to an engineered microfluidics platform designed to provide an in vivo-like extrinsic microenvironment with the aim of replicating tissue- or organ-level physiological functions. BoC therefore offers the advantage of an in vitro reproduction of brain structures that is more faithful to the native correlate than what is obtained with conventional cell culture techniques. As brain function ultimately results in the generation of electrical signals, electrophysiology techniques are paramount for studying brain activity in health and disease. However, as BoC is still in its infancy, the availability of combined BoC-electrophysiology platforms is still limited. Here, we summarize the available biological substrates for BoC, starting with a historical perspective. We then describe the available tools enabling BoC electrophysiology studies, detailing their fabrication process and technical features, along with their advantages and limitations. We discuss the current and future applications of BoC electrophysiology, also expanding to complementary approaches. We conclude with an evaluation of the potential translational applications and prospective technology developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Forro
- Tissue Electronics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53-80125 Naples, Italy; (C.F.); (F.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Davide Caron
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30-16163 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Gian Nicola Angotzi
- Microtechnology for Neuroelectronics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30-16163 Genova, Italy; (G.N.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Gallo
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30-16163 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Luca Berdondini
- Microtechnology for Neuroelectronics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30-16163 Genova, Italy; (G.N.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Tissue Electronics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53-80125 Naples, Italy; (C.F.); (F.S.)
| | - Gemma Palazzolo
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30-16163 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Gabriella Panuccio
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30-16163 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (V.G.)
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25
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Xiong X, Xiao M, Lai W, Li L, Fan C, Pei H. Optochemical Control of DNA‐Switching Circuits for Logic and Probabilistic Computation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3397-3401. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiewei Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Mingshu Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Wei Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Medicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Hao Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
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26
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Xiong X, Xiao M, Lai W, Li L, Fan C, Pei H. Optochemical Control of DNA‐Switching Circuits for Logic and Probabilistic Computation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiewei Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Mingshu Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Wei Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Medicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Hao Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
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27
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Subunit-Specific Photocontrol of Glycine Receptors by Azobenzene-Nitrazepam Photoswitcher. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0294-20.2020. [PMID: 33298457 PMCID: PMC7877471 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0294-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photopharmacology is a unique approach that through a combination of photochemistry methods and advanced life science techniques allows the study and control of specific biological processes, ranging from intracellular pathways to brain circuits. Recently, a first photochromic channel blocker of anion-selective GABAA receptors, the azobenzene-nitrazepam-based photochromic compound (Azo-NZ1), has been described. In the present study, using patch-clamp technique in heterologous system and in mice brain slices, site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling we provide evidence of the interaction of Azo-NZ1 with glycine receptors (GlyRs) and determine the molecular basis of this interaction. Glycinergic synaptic neurotransmission determines an important inhibitory drive in the vertebrate nervous system and plays a crucial role in the control of neuronal circuits in the spinal cord and brain stem. GlyRs are involved in locomotion, pain sensation, breathing, and auditory function, as well as in the development of such disorders as hyperekplexia, epilepsy, and autism. Here, we demonstrate that Azo-NZ1 blocks in a UV-dependent manner the activity of α2 GlyRs (GlyR2), while being barely active on α1 GlyRs (GlyR1). The site of Azo-NZ1 action is in the chloride-selective pore of GlyR at the 2’ position of transmembrane helix 2 and amino acids forming this site determine the difference in Azo-NZ1 blocking activity between GlyR2 and GlyR1. This subunit-specific modulation is also shown on motoneurons of brainstem slices from neonatal mice that switch during development from expressing “fetal” GlyR2 to “adult” GlyR1 receptors.
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28
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Paez Segala MG, Looger LL. Optogenetics. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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29
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Frank JA, Antonini MJ, Chiang PH, Canales A, Konrad DB, Garwood IC, Rajic G, Koehler F, Fink Y, Anikeeva P. In Vivo Photopharmacology Enabled by Multifunctional Fibers. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3802-3813. [PMID: 33108719 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoswitchable ligands can add an optical switch to a target receptor or signaling cascade and enable reversible control of neural circuits. The application of this approach, termed photopharmacology, to behavioral experiments has been impeded by a lack of integrated hardware capable of delivering both light and compounds to deep brain regions in moving subjects. Here, we devise a hybrid photochemical genetic approach to target neurons using a photoswitchable agonist of the capsaicin receptor TRPV1, red-AzCA-4. Using multifunctional fibers with optical and microfluidic capabilities, we delivered a transgene coding for TRPV1 into the ventral tegmental area (VTA). This sensitized excitatory VTA neurons to red-AzCA-4, allowing us to optically control conditioned place preference in mice, thus extending applications of photopharmacology to behavioral experiments. Applied to endogenous receptors, our approach may accelerate future studies of molecular mechanisms underlying animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Frank
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Marc-Joseph Antonini
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard/MIT Health Science & Technology Graduate Program, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Po-Han Chiang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Andres Canales
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David B. Konrad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Indie C. Garwood
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard/MIT Health Science & Technology Graduate Program, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gabriela Rajic
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Florian Koehler
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yoel Fink
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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30
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Welleman IM, Hoorens MWH, Feringa BL, Boersma HH, Szymański W. Photoresponsive molecular tools for emerging applications of light in medicine. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11672-11691. [PMID: 34094410 PMCID: PMC8162950 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04187d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-based therapeutic and imaging modalities, which emerge in clinical applications, rely on molecular tools, such as photocleavable protecting groups and photoswitches that respond to photonic stimulus and translate it into a biological effect. However, optimisation of their key parameters (activation wavelength, band separation, fatigue resistance and half-life) is necessary to enable application in the medical field. In this perspective, we describe the applications scenarios that can be envisioned in clinical practice and then we use those scenarios to explain the necessary properties that the photoresponsive tools used to control biological function should possess, highlighted by examples from medical imaging, drug delivery and photopharmacology. We then present how the (photo)chemical parameters are currently being optimized and an outlook is given on pharmacological aspects (toxicity, solubility, and stability) of light-responsive molecules. With these interdisciplinary insights, we aim to inspire the future directions for the development of photocontrolled tools that will empower clinical applications of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse M Welleman
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mark W H Hoorens
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymański
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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31
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Aggarwal K, Kuka TP, Banik M, Medellin BP, Ngo CQ, Xie D, Fernandes Y, Dangerfield TL, Ye E, Bouley B, Johnson KA, Zhang YJ, Eberhart JK, Que EL. Visible Light Mediated Bidirectional Control over Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Cells and in Vivo Using Azobenzenesulfonamides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14522-14531. [PMID: 32623882 PMCID: PMC8063266 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two azobenzenesulfonamide molecules with thermally stable cis configurations resulting from fluorination of positions ortho to the azo group are reported that can differentially regulate the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the trans and cis configurations. These fluorinated probes each use two distinct visible wavelengths (520 and 410 or 460 nm) for isomerization with high photoconversion efficiency. Correspondingly, the cis isomer of these systems is highly stable and persistent (as evidenced by structural studies in solid and solution state), permitting regulation of metalloenzyme activity without continuous irradiation. Herein, we use these probes to demonstrate the visible light mediated bidirectional control over the activity of zinc-dependent carbonic anhydrase in solution as an isolated protein, in intact live cells and in vivo in zebrafish during embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Timothy P Kuka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mandira Banik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brenda P Medellin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chinh Q Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Da Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yohaan Fernandes
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, A4800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tyler L Dangerfield
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Elva Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Bailey Bouley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kenneth A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Johann K Eberhart
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, A4800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Emily L Que
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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32
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Fu X, Yu J, Dai N, Huang Y, Lv F, Liu L, Wang S. Optical Tuning of Antibacterial Activity of Photoresponsive Antibiotics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4751-4755. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuancheng Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiamu Yu
- The Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100032, P. R. China
| | - Nan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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33
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Paoletti P, Ellis-Davies GCR, Mourot A. Optical control of neuronal ion channels and receptors. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 20:514-532. [PMID: 31289380 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-controllable tools provide powerful means to manipulate and interrogate brain function with relatively low invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision. Although optogenetic approaches permit neuronal excitation or inhibition at the network level, other technologies, such as optopharmacology (also known as photopharmacology) have emerged that provide molecular-level control by endowing light sensitivity to endogenous biomolecules. In this Review, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of photocontrolling native neuronal signalling pathways, focusing on ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. We describe existing strategies for rendering receptors and channels light sensitive and provide an overview of the neuroscientific insights gained from such approaches. At the crossroads of chemistry, protein engineering and neuroscience, optopharmacology offers great potential for understanding the molecular basis of brain function and behaviour, with promises for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | | | - Alexandre Mourot
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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34
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Sansalone L, Zhao J, Richers MT, Ellis-Davies GCR. Chemical tuning of photoswitchable azobenzenes: a photopharmacological case study using nicotinic transmission. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2812-2821. [PMID: 31807216 PMCID: PMC6880823 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed photochromic probes for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor that exploit the unique chemical properties of the tetrafluoroazobenzene (4FAB) scaffold. Ultraviolet light switching and rapid thermal relaxation of the metastable cis configuration are the main drawbacks associated with standard AB-based switches. We designed our photoprobes to take advantage of the excellent thermodynamic stability of the cis-4FAB configuration (thermal half-life > 12 days at 37 °C in physiological buffer) and cis–trans photostationary states above 84%. Furthermore, the well-separated n–π* absorption bands of trans- and cis-4FAB allow facile photoswitching with visible light in two optical channels. A convergent 11-step synthetic approach allowed the installation of a trimethylammonium (TA) head onto the 4FAB scaffold, by means of an alkyl spacer, to afford a free diffusible 4FABTA probe. TAs are known to agonize nicotinic receptors, so 4FABTA was tested on mouse brain slices and enabled reversible receptor activation with cycles of violet and green light. Due to the very long-lived metastable cis configuration, 4FAB in vivo use could be of great promise for long term biological studies. Further chemical functionalization of this 4FAB probe with a maleimide functionality allowed clean cross-linking with glutathione. However, attempts to conjugate with a cysteine on a genetically modified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor did not afford the expected light-responsive channel. Our data indicate that the 4FAB photoswitch can be derivatized bifunctionally for genetically-targeted photopharmacology whilst preserving all the favorable photophysical properties of the parent 4FAB scaffold, however, the tetrafluoro motif can significantly perturb pharmacophore–protein interactions. In contrast, we found that the freely diffusible 4FABTA probe could be pre-set with green light into an OFF state that was biologically inert, irradiation with violet light effectively "uncaged" agonist activity, but in a photoreversible manner. Since the neurotransmitter acetylcholine has fully saturated heteroatom valences, our photoswitchable 4FABTA probe could be useful for physiological studies of this neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sansalone
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Matthew T Richers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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35
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Vanuytsel S, Carniello J, Wallace MI. Artificial Signal Transduction across Membranes. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2569-2580. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vanuytsel
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London Britannia House 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology Strand London WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Joanne Carniello
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London Britannia House 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology Strand London WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Mark Ian Wallace
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London Britannia House 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology Strand London WC2R 2LS UK
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36
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Triplet BODIPY and AzaBODIPY Derived Donor‐acceptor Dyads: Competitive Electron Transfer versus Intersystem Crossing upon Photoexcitation. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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37
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Mondoloni S, Durand-de Cuttoli R, Mourot A. Cell-Specific Neuropharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:696-710. [PMID: 31400823 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal communication involves a multitude of neurotransmitters and an outstanding diversity of receptors and ion channels. Linking the activity of cell surface receptors and ion channels in defined neural circuits to brain states and behaviors has been a key challenge in neuroscience, since cell targeting is not possible with traditional neuropharmacology. We review here recent technologies that enable the effect of drugs to be restricted to specific cell types, thereby allowing acute manipulation of the brain's own proteins with circuit specificity. We highlight the importance of developing cell-specific neuropharmacology strategies for decoding the nervous system with molecular and circuit precision, and for developing future therapeutics with reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mondoloni
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Romain Durand-de Cuttoli
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandre Mourot
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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38
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Thapaliya ER, Zhao J, Ellis-Davies GCR. Locked-Azobenzene: Testing the Scope of a Unique Photoswitchable Scaffold for Cell Physiology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2481-2488. [PMID: 30767510 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Azobenzenes are the most widely studied photoswitches, and have become popular optical probes for biological systems. The cis configuration is normally metastable, meaning the trans configuration is always thermodynamically favored. The unique exception to this rule is an azobenzene having a two-carbon bridge between ortho positions, substitutions that lock the photoswitch in its cis configuration. Only thoroughly chemically characterized relatively recently, we describe the first applications of this locked-azobenzene (or "LAB") scaffold with two derivatives designed to control ion flow in pyramidal neurons in acutely isolated brain slices. Our LAB derivatives maintain most of the desirable photochemical properties of the parent scaffold, and work as designed in living cells. However, LAB derivitization changes the trans photostationary state from >85% of the parent photoswitch to about 50%, suggesting that careful design considerations must be given for future applications of the LAB scaffold in biological areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
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39
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Arvin MC, Wokosin DL, Banala S, Lavis LD, Drenan RM. Probing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices via Laser Flash Photolysis of Photoactivatable Nicotine. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30735191 DOI: 10.3791/58873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) acts through receptors to modulate a variety of neuronal processes, but it has been challenging to link ACh receptor function with subcellular location within cells where this function is carried out. To study the subcellular location of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) in native brain tissue, an optical method was developed for precise release of nicotine at discrete locations near neuronal membranes during electrophysiological recordings. Patch-clamped neurons in brain slices are filled with dye to visualize their morphology during 2-photon laser scanning microscopy, and nicotine uncaging is executed with a light flash by focusing a 405 nm laser beam near one or more cellular membranes. Cellular current deflections are measured, and a high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) image of the recorded neuron is made to allow reconciliation of nAChR responses with cellular morphology. This method allows for detailed analysis of nAChR functional distribution in complex tissue preparations, promising to enhance the understanding of cholinergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Arvin
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - David L Wokosin
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | | | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Ryan M Drenan
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;
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40
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Shoji T, Sugiyama S, Takeuchi M, Ohta A, Sekiguchi R, Ito S, Yatsu T, Okujima T, Yasunami M. Synthesis of 6-Amino- and 6-Arylazoazulenes via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution and Their Reactivity and Properties. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1257-1275. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Shoji
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ryuta Sekiguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shunji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yasunami
- Department of Chemical Biology and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama 963-8642, Japan
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41
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Luchkina NV, Bolshakov VY. Diminishing fear: Optogenetic approach toward understanding neural circuits of fear control. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 174:64-79. [PMID: 28502746 PMCID: PMC5681900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding complex behavioral processes, both learned and innate, requires detailed characterization of the principles governing signal flow in corresponding neural circuits. Previous studies were hampered by the lack of appropriate tools needed to address the complexities of behavior-driving micro- and macrocircuits. The development and implementation of optogenetic methodologies revolutionized the field of behavioral neuroscience, allowing precise spatiotemporal control of specific, genetically defined neuronal populations and their functional connectivity both in vivo and ex vivo, thus providing unprecedented insights into the cellular and network-level mechanisms contributing to behavior. Here, we review recent pioneering advances in behavioral studies with optogenetic tools, focusing on mechanisms of fear-related behavioral processes with an emphasis on approaches which could be used to suppress fear when it is pathologically expressed. We also discuss limitations of these methodologies as well as review new technological developments which could be used in future mechanistic studies of fear behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Luchkina
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
| | - Vadim Y Bolshakov
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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42
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Aggarwal K, Banik M, Medellin B, Que EL. In Situ Photoregulation of Carbonic Anhydrase Activity Using Azobenzenesulfonamides. Biochemistry 2018; 58:48-53. [PMID: 30358990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report two small molecule azobenzenesulfonamide probes, CAP1 and CAP2, capable of photomodulating the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA) on demand. In the trans form, CAP azobenzene probes adopt a linear shape, making them suitable for occupying the CA active site and interacting with Zn2+, thereby inhibiting enzyme activity. Following irradiation with either 365 or 410 nm light, the CAP probes isomerize to their cis form. Because of the change in steric profile, the probe exits the active site, and the activity of the enzyme is restored. The cis isomer can revert back to the trans isomer through thermal relaxation or via photoirradiation with 460 nm light and thereby inhibit protein activity again. This process can be repeated multiple times without any photodegradation and thus can be used to inhibit or activate the protein reversibly. Importantly, we demonstrate our ability to apply CAP azobenzene probes to regulate CA activity both in an isolated protein solution and in live cells, where the two isomers of CAP1 differentially regulate the intracellular cytosolic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Mandira Banik
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Brenda Medellin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology , The University of Texas at Austin , 100 East 24th Street, Stop A5000 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Emily L Que
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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43
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Abstract
Chemogenetic technologies enable selective pharmacological control of specific cell populations. An increasing number of approaches have been developed that modulate different signaling pathways. Selective pharmacological control over G protein-coupled receptor signaling, ion channel conductances, protein association, protein stability, and small molecule targeting allows modulation of cellular processes in distinct cell types. Here, we review these chemogenetic technologies and instances of their applications in complex tissues in vivo and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Regenerative-Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey ; and Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn, Virginia
| | - Scott M Sternson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Regenerative-Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey ; and Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn, Virginia
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44
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Passlick S, Richers MT, Ellis-Davies GCR. Thermodynamically Stable, Photoreversible Pharmacology in Neurons with One- and Two-Photon Excitation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Passlick
- Department of Neuroscience; Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York NY 10029 USA
| | - Matthew T. Richers
- Department of Neuroscience; Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York NY 10029 USA
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Passlick S, Richers MT, Ellis-Davies GCR. Thermodynamically Stable, Photoreversible Pharmacology in Neurons with One- and Two-Photon Excitation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12554-12557. [PMID: 30075062 PMCID: PMC6133756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Photoswitchable bioprobes enable bidirectional control of cell physiology with different wavelengths of light. Many current photoswitches use cytotoxic UV light and are limited by the need for constant illumination owing to thermal relaxation in the dark. Now a photoswitchable tetrafluoroazobenzene(4FAB)-based ion channel antagonist has been developed that can be efficiently isomerized in two separate optical channels with visible light. Importantly, the metastable cis configuration showed very high stability in the dark over the course of days at room temperature. In neurons, the 4FAB antagonist reversibly blocks voltage-gated ion channels with violet and green light. Furthermore, photoswitching could also be achieved with two-photon excitation yielding high spatial resolution. 4FAB probes have the potential to enable long-term biological studies where both ON and OFF states can be maintained in the absence of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Passlick
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - M. T. Richers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Durand-de Cuttoli R, Mondoloni S, Marti F, Lemoine D, Nguyen C, Naudé J, d'Izarny-Gargas T, Pons S, Maskos U, Trauner D, Kramer RH, Faure P, Mourot A. Manipulating midbrain dopamine neurons and reward-related behaviors with light-controllable nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. eLife 2018; 7:37487. [PMID: 30176987 PMCID: PMC6122951 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) integrate cholinergic inputs to regulate key functions such as motivation and goal-directed behaviors. Yet the temporal dynamic range and mechanism of action of acetylcholine (ACh) on the modulation of VTA circuits and reward-related behaviors are not known. Here, we used a chemical-genetic approach for rapid and precise optical manipulation of nicotinic neurotransmission in VTA neurons in living mice. We provide direct evidence that the ACh tone fine-tunes the firing properties of VTA DA neurons through β2-containing (β2*) nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs). Furthermore, locally photo-antagonizing these receptors in the VTA was sufficient to reversibly switch nicotine reinforcement on and off. By enabling control of nicotinic transmission in targeted brain circuits, this technology will help unravel the various physiological functions of nAChRs and may assist in the design of novel therapies relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Durand-de Cuttoli
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Mondoloni
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Fabio Marti
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Damien Lemoine
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Claire Nguyen
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Naudé
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut d'Izarny-Gargas
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Department of Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Department of Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Philippe Faure
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mourot
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hüll
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6699, United States
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6699, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6699, United States
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Putri RM, Zulfikri H, Fredy JW, Juan A, Tananchayakul P, Cornelissen JJLM, Koay MST, Filippi C, Katsonis N. Photoprogramming Allostery in Human Serum Albumin. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2215-2224. [PMID: 29975051 PMCID: PMC6053643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Developing
strategies to interfere with allosteric interactions
in proteins not only promises to deepen our understanding of vital
cellular processes but also allows their regulation using external
triggers. Light is particularly attractive as a trigger being spatiotemporally
selective and compatible with the physiological environment. Here,
we engineered a hybrid protein in which irradiation with light opens
a new allosteric communication route that is not inherent to the natural
system. We select human serum albumin, a promiscuous protein responsible
for transporting a variety of ligands in plasma, and show that by
covalently incorporating a synthetic photoswitch to subdomain IA we
achieve optical control of the ligand binding in subdomain IB. Molecular
dynamics simulations confirm the allosteric nature of the interactions
between IA and IB in the engineered protein. Specifically, upon illumination,
photoconversion of the switch is found to correlate with a less-coordinated
motion of the two subdomains and an increased flexibility of the binding
pocket in subdomain IB, whose fluctuations are cooperatively enhanced
by the presence of ligands, ultimately facilitating their release.
Our combined experimental and computational work demonstrates how
harnessing artificial molecular switches enables photoprogramming
the allosteric regulation of binding activities in such a prominent
protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rindia M Putri
- Bio-inspired and Smart Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Habiburrahman Zulfikri
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Jean Wilfried Fredy
- Bio-inspired and Smart Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Juan
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Pichayut Tananchayakul
- Bio-inspired and Smart Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J L M Cornelissen
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Melissa S T Koay
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Filippi
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Katsonis
- Bio-inspired and Smart Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
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Lin WC, Tsai MC, Rajappa R, Kramer RH. Design of a Highly Bistable Photoswitchable Tethered Ligand for Rapid and Sustained Manipulation of Neurotransmission. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7445-7448. [PMID: 29874068 PMCID: PMC6422952 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoswitchable neurotransmitter receptors are powerful tools for precise manipulation of neural signaling. However, their applications for slow or long-lasting biological events are constrained by fast thermal relaxation of cis-azobenzene. We address this issue by modifying the ortho positions of azobenzene used in the tethered ligand. In cultured cells and intact brain tissue, conjugating inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors with one of the derivatives, dMPC1, allows bidirectional receptor control with 380 and 500 nm light. Moreover, the receptors can be locked in either an active or an inactive state in darkness after a brief pulse of light. This strategy thus enables both rapid and sustained manipulation of neurotransmission, allowing optogenetic interrogation of neural functions over a broad range of time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ming-Chi Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rajit Rajappa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richard H. Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Christenson Wick Z, Krook-Magnuson E. Specificity, Versatility, and Continual Development: The Power of Optogenetics for Epilepsy Research. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:151. [PMID: 29962936 PMCID: PMC6010559 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics is a powerful and rapidly expanding set of techniques that use genetically encoded light sensitive proteins such as opsins. Through the selective expression of these exogenous light-sensitive proteins, researchers gain the ability to modulate neuronal activity, intracellular signaling pathways, or gene expression with spatial, directional, temporal, and cell-type specificity. Optogenetics provides a versatile toolbox and has significantly advanced a variety of neuroscience fields. In this review, using recent epilepsy research as a focal point, we highlight how the specificity, versatility, and continual development of new optogenetic related tools advances our understanding of neuronal circuits and neurological disorders. We additionally provide a brief overview of some currently available optogenetic tools including for the selective expression of opsins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Christenson Wick
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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