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Luo S, Li Z, Wang M, Liu Z, Wang D, Bai Y, Ge H, Yu Y, Yu Y, Chen W, Wang Y, Zhang C, Yu J, Song C, Lv C, Zhen Q, Han Y, Sun L. Genome wide association study and meta-analysis identified multiple new risk loci for freckles in 4813 Chinese individuals. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024. [PMID: 38970458 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Freckle is a prevalent pigmentary dermatosis with an obvious hereditary component. Dozens of freckles risk loci have been discovered through research on multiple traits or other diseases, rather than as an independent trait. To discover novel variants associated with freckles, we performed GWAS and meta-analysis in 4813 Chinese individuals. We conducted GWAS and meta-analysis of two cohorts: 197 patients and 1603 controls (Cohort I), and 336 patients and 2677 controls (Cohort II), both from China. Then we performed linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, eQTL study, and enrichment analysis with association results for functional implications. Finally, we discovered 59 new SNPs and 13 novel susceptibility genes associated with freckles (Pmeta <5 × 10-8), which has enriched the genetic research on freckles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Minhao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Zhili Liu
- Dalian Dermatosis Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Daiyue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanming Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Huiyao Ge
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yafen Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yanxia Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yirui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Can Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | | | - Qi Zhen
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital Tangshan, Tangshan, China
| | - Yang Han
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital Tangshan, Tangshan, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital Tangshan, Tangshan, China
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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Kim B, Kim DS, Shin JG, Leem S, Cho M, Kim H, Gu KN, Seo JY, You SW, Martin AR, Park SG, Kim Y, Jeong C, Kang NG, Won HH. Mapping and annotating genomic loci to prioritize genes and implicate distinct polygenic adaptations for skin color. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4874. [PMID: 38849341 PMCID: PMC11161515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence for adaptation of human skin color to regional ultraviolet radiation suggests shared and distinct genetic variants across populations. However, skin color evolution and genetics in East Asians are understudied. We quantified skin color in 48,433 East Asians using image analysis and identified associated genetic variants and potential causal genes for skin color as well as their polygenic interplay with sun exposure. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 12 known and 11 previously unreported loci and SNP-based heritability was 23-24%. Potential causal genes were determined through the identification of nonsynonymous variants, colocalization with gene expression in skin tissues, and expression levels in melanocytes. Genomic loci associated with pigmentation in East Asians substantially diverged from European populations, and we detected signatures of polygenic adaptation. This large GWAS for objectively quantified skin color in an East Asian population improves understanding of the genetic architecture and polygenic adaptation of skin color and prioritizes potential causal genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomsu Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Say Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Gon Shin
- Research and Innovation Center, CTO, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangseob Leem
- Research and Innovation Center, CTO, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Cho
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanji Kim
- Research and Innovation Center, CTO, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Nam Gu
- Research and Innovation Center, CTO, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Seo
- Research and Innovation Center, CTO, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won You
- Research and Innovation Center, CTO, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Alicia R Martin
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Sun Gyoo Park
- Research and Innovation Center, CTO, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkwan Kim
- Research and Innovation Center, CTO, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Choongwon Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Gyu Kang
- Research and Innovation Center, CTO, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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Iancu D, Fulga A, Vesa D, Zenovia A, Fulga I, Sarbu MI, Tatu AL. Metastatic patterns and treatment options for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2024; 20:40. [PMID: 38756868 PMCID: PMC11097132 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2024.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
According to current predictions, one-fifth of all Americans will develop skin cancer during their lifetime. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) most commonly occurs in the head and neck region, which is the area of the body with the highest level of sun exposure. High-risk head and neck cSCC (HNcSCC) is a broad category with numerous high-risk factors that are associated with unfavorable results. In cSCC staging systems, clinical and tumor traits that are likely to result in poor outcomes are identified. Metastasis occurs in ~2.5% of patients with cSCC, most often in the local lymph nodes, and there is some indication that lymph node metastasis has a distinct pattern based on the tumor site. Current findings on tumor molecular targets have suggested the use of systemic treatments, particularly immunotherapy (such as cemiplimab, pembrolizumab and nivolumab), over radiotherapy or chemotherapy for this type of metastasis. However, when used simultaneously with immunotherapy, radiotherapy may be beneficial in the treatment of metastatic HNcSCC by improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. The present review aims to assess the existing literature on metastatic HNcSCC pathways and treatment options, in order to define current and future directions. Notably, there is an urgent need to identify patients who may benefit from local or systemic cancer treatments. The treatment of lymph node metastasis presents a therapeutic challenge and requires comprehensive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriana Iancu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ‘Sfantul Andrei’ Emergency Clinical Hospital of Galati, 800578 Galati, Romania
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Ana Fulga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ‘Sfantul Andrei’ Emergency Clinical Hospital of Galati, 800578 Galati, Romania
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Doina Vesa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ‘Sfantul Andrei’ Emergency Clinical Hospital of Galati, 800578 Galati, Romania
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Andrei Zenovia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ‘Cai Ferate’ General Hospital, 800223 Galati, Romania
| | - Iuliu Fulga
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
- Department of Forensic Medicine, ‘Sfantul Andrei’ Emergency Clinical Hospital of Galati, 800578 Galati, Romania
| | - Mihaela Ionela Sarbu
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Laurentiu Tatu
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Sfanta Cuvioasa Parascheva’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrative Center for Dermatologic Interface Research, 800179 Galati, Romania
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Ng JY, Zhou H, Li T, Chew FT. Comparisons between wrinkles and photo-ageing detected and self-reported by the participant or identified by trained assessors reveal insights from Chinese individuals in the Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES) cohort. J Physiol Anthropol 2024; 43:14. [PMID: 38762735 PMCID: PMC11102249 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-024-00361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes develop on the facial skin as a person ages. Other than chronological time, it has been discovered that gender, ethnicity, air pollution, smoking, nutrition, and sun exposure are notable risk factors that influence the development of skin ageing phenotypes such as wrinkles and photo-ageing. These risk factors can be quantified through epidemiological collection methods. We previously studied wrinkles and photo-ageing in detail using photo-numeric scales. The analysis was performed on the ethnic Chinese skin by three trained assessors. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to use self-reported data to identify skin-related changes including skin colour and skin cancer. In order to investigate the association between risk factors and skin ageing phenotypic outcomes in large-scale epidemiological studies, it would be useful to evaluate whether it is also possible for participants to self-report signs of ageing on their skin. AIM We have previously identified several validated photo-numeric scales for wrinkling and photo-ageing to use on ethnic Chinese skin. Using these scales, our trained assessors grade wrinkling and photo-ageing with moderately high inter-assessor concordance and agreement. The main objective of this study involves letting participants grade self-reported wrinkling and photo-ageing using these same scales. We aim to compare the concordance and agreement between signs of skin ageing by the participant and signs of ageing identified by our assessors. METHOD Three trained assessors studied facial photo-ageing on 1081 ethnic Chinese young adults from the Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES) cohort. Self-reported facial photo-ageing data by the same 1081 participants were also collated and the two sets of data are compared. RESULTS Here, we found that self-reported signs of photo-ageing are concordant with photo-ageing detected by our assessors. This finding is consistent whether photo-ageing is evaluated through studying wrinkle variations (Spearman's rank correlation (ρ) value: 0.246-0.329) or through studying dyspigmentation patterns (Spearman's rank correlation (ρ) value 0.203-0.278). When studying individual wrinkles, both participants and assessors often detect the presence of the same wrinkle (Spearman's rank correlation (ρ) value 0.249-0.366). A weak-to-fair level of agreement between both participants and assessors (Cohen's kappa (κ) values: 0.041-0.233) persists and is statistically significant after accounting for agreements due to chance. Both the participant and the assessor are largely consistent in evaluating the extent of photo-ageing (area under curve (AUC) values 0.689-0.769) and in discerning between the presence or absence of a given facial wrinkle (area under curve (AUC) values 0.601-0.856). CONCLUSION When we analyse the overall appearance of the face, our results show that signs of photo-ageing identified by the participant are concordant with signs of photo-ageing identified by our assessors. When we focused our analysis on specific areas of the face, we found that participants were more likely to identify and self-report the same wrinkles that our assessors have also detected. Here, we found that self-reported signs of skin ageing provide a satisfactory approximation to the signs of skin ageing identified by our assessors. The ability to use self-reported signs of skin ageing should also be evaluated on scales beyond the ones discussed in this study. Currently, there are not as many photo-numeric scales for quantifying dyspigmentation patterns as there are for quantifying wrinkle variations. As Chinese skin is known to become dyspigmented more easily with age, more photo-numeric scales need to be developed and properly validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tianqi Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Chakraborty S, Guan Z, Kostrzewa CE, Shen R, Begg CB. Identifying somatic fingerprints of cancers defined by germline and environmental risk factors. Genet Epidemiol 2024. [PMID: 38686586 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies over the past generation have identified germline variants that increase specific cancer risks. Simultaneously, a revolution in sequencing technology has permitted high-throughput annotations of somatic genomes characterizing individual tumors. However, examining the relationship between germline variants and somatic alteration patterns is hugely challenged by the large numbers of variants in a typical tumor, the rarity of most individual variants, and the heterogeneity of tumor somatic fingerprints. In this article, we propose statistical methodology that frames the investigation of germline-somatic relationships in an interpretable manner. The method uses meta-features embodying biological contexts of individual somatic alterations to implicitly group rare mutations. Our team has used this technique previously through a multilevel regression model to diagnose with high accuracy tumor site of origin. Herein, we further leverage topic models from computational linguistics to achieve interpretable lower-dimensional embeddings of the meta-features. We demonstrate how the method can identify distinctive somatic profiles linked to specific germline variants or environmental risk factors. We illustrate the method using The Cancer Genome Atlas whole-exome sequencing data to characterize somatic tumor fingerprints in breast cancer patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations and in head and neck cancer patients exposed to human papillomavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoe Guan
- Mass General Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ronglai Shen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Colin B Begg
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Gibson TM, Karyadi DM, Hartley SW, Arnold MA, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Conces MR, Howell RM, Kapoor V, Leisenring WM, Neglia JP, Sampson JN, Turcotte LM, Chanock SJ, Armstrong GT, Morton LM. Polygenic risk scores, radiation treatment exposures and subsequent cancer risk in childhood cancer survivors. Nat Med 2024; 30:690-698. [PMID: 38454124 PMCID: PMC11029534 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for subsequent cancers attributable to the late effects of radiotherapy and other treatment exposures; thus, further understanding of the impact of genetic predisposition on risk is needed. Combining genotype data for 11,220 5-year survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and the St Jude Lifetime Cohort, we found that cancer-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs) derived from general population, genome-wide association study, cancer loci identified survivors of European ancestry at increased risk of subsequent basal cell carcinoma (odds ratio per s.d. of the PRS: OR = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29-1.46), female breast cancer (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.27-1.58), thyroid cancer (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.31-1.67), squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.00-1.44) and melanoma (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.31-1.96); however, the association for colorectal cancer was not significant (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.94-1.52). An investigation of joint associations between PRSs and radiotherapy found more than additive increased risks of basal cell carcinoma, and breast and thyroid cancers. For survivors with radiotherapy exposure, the cumulative incidence of subsequent cancer by age 50 years was increased for those with high versus low PRS. These findings suggest a degree of shared genetic etiology for these malignancy types in the general population and survivors, which remains evident in the context of strong radiotherapy-related risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Gibson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Danielle M Karyadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen W Hartley
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Arnold
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Miriam R Conces
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca M Howell
- Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vidushi Kapoor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy M Leisenring
- Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph P Neglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lucie M Turcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ng JY, Chew FT. Comparisons between eyebags, droopy eyelids, and eyebrow positioning identified by photo-numeric scales or identified by written descriptive scales: Insights from the Singapore/Malaysia cross-sectional genetics epidemiology study (SMCGES) cohort. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13620. [PMID: 38376131 PMCID: PMC10878178 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluate skin sagging phenotypes (eyebags, droopy eyelids, low eyebrow positioning) using written descriptive scales and photo-numeric scales. We also study how anti-ageing interventions and digital screen time influence skin sagging. AIM We compare the two phenotype assessment methods with each other. METHOD Skin sagging and personal lifestyle data obtained from 2885 ethnic Chinese young adults from the Singapore/Malaysia cross-sectional genetics epidemiology study (SMCGES) cohort were collated and compared. RESULTS Significant correlations (p-value < 0.001) between written descriptive scales and photo-numeric scales were observed for eyebags (0.25) and eyebrow positioning (0.08). Significant correlations (p-value < 0.001) were observed after combining both scales for eyebags (0.38), droopy eyelids (0.30), and eyebrow positioning (0.30). Anti-ageing interventions are associated with delayed progression of eyebags from 18-45 years old, droopy eyelids from 31-45 years old, and eyebrow positioning from 35-40 years old. Significantly lower (p-value < 0.02) eyebrow positioning is associated with both <1 and 1-3 h of screen time stratified by age. CONCLUSION Written descriptive scales provide comparable results to photo-numeric scales. However, validating and adapting photo-numeric scales for different populations identifies phenotypes better. Anti-ageing interventions are beneficial at different age ranges. Screen time is associated with skin sagging in young (18-30 years old) participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan Ng
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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Choquet H, Jiang C, Yin J, Kim Y, Hoffmann TJ, Jorgenson E, Asgari MM. Multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel basal cell carcinoma loci and shared genetic effects with squamous cell carcinoma. Commun Biol 2024; 7:33. [PMID: 38182794 PMCID: PMC10770328 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, yet its genetic determinants are incompletely defined. We perform a European ancestry genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis and a Hispanic/Latino ancestry GWA meta-analysis and meta-analyze both in a multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of BCC, totaling 50,531 BCC cases and 762,234 controls from four cohorts (GERA, Mass-General Brigham Biobank, UK Biobank, and 23andMe research cohort). Here we identify 122 BCC-associated loci, of which 36 were novel, and subsequently fine-mapped these associations. We also identify an association of the well-known pigment gene SLC45A2 as well as associations at RCC2 and CLPTM1L with BCC in Hispanic/Latinos. We examine these BCC loci for association with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in 16,407 SCC cases and 762,486 controls of European ancestry, and 33 SNPs show evidence of association. Our study findings provide important insights into the genetic basis of BCC and cSCC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Yuhree Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Maryam M Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Shraim R, Farran MZ, He G, Marunica Karsaj J, Zgaga L, McManus R. Systematic review on gene-sun exposure interactions in skin cancer. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2259. [PMID: 37537768 PMCID: PMC10568388 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of skin cancer is determined by environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation (UVR), personal habits like time spent outdoors and genetic factors. This review aimed to survey existing studies in gene-environment (GxE) interaction on skin cancer risk, and report on GxE effect estimates. METHODS We searched Embase, Medline (Ovid) and Web of Science (Core Collection) and included only primary research that reported on GxE on the risk of the three most common types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. Quality assessment followed the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was not possible because no two studies examined the same interaction. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021238064). RESULTS In total 260 records were identified after exclusion of duplicates. Fifteen studies were included in the final synthesis-12 used candidate gene approach. We found some evidence of GxE interactions with sun exposure, notably, with MC1R, CAT and NOS1 genes in melanoma, HAL and IL23A in BCC and HAL and XRCC1 in SCC. CONCLUSION Sun exposure seems to interact with genes involved in pigmentation, oxidative stress and immunosuppression, indicating that excessive UV exposure might exhaust oxidative defence and repair systems differentially, dependent on genetic make-up. Further research is warranted to better understand skin cancer epidemiology and develop sun exposure recommendations. A genome-wide approach is recommended as it might uncover unknown disease pathways dependent on UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Shraim
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population HealthTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- The SFI Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data SciencesUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Mohamed Ziad Farran
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population HealthTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - George He
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population HealthTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Jelena Marunica Karsaj
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and RehabilitationSestre milosrdnice University Hospital CenterZagrebCroatia
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population HealthTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Ross McManus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
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10
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Orang A, Dredge BK, Liu CY, Bracken JM, Chen CH, Sourdin L, Whitfield HJ, Lumb R, Boyle ST, Davis MJ, Samuel MS, Gregory PA, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ, Pillman KA, Bracken CP. Basonuclin-2 regulates extracellular matrix production and degradation. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301984. [PMID: 37536977 PMCID: PMC10400885 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is essential for tissue patterning and organization. It involves both regulation of cell motility and alterations in the composition and organization of the ECM-a complex environment of proteoglycans and fibrous proteins essential for tissue homeostasis, signaling in response to chemical and biomechanical stimuli, and is often dysregulated under conditions such as cancer, fibrosis, and chronic wounds. Here, we demonstrate that basonuclin-2 (BNC2), a mesenchymal-expressed gene, that is, strongly associated with cancer and developmental defects across genome-wide association studies, is a novel regulator of ECM composition and degradation. We find that at endogenous levels, BNC2 controls the expression of specific collagens, matrix metalloproteases, and other matrisomal components in breast cancer cells, and in fibroblasts that are primarily responsible for the production and processing of the ECM within the tumour microenvironment. In so doing, BNC2 modulates the motile and invasive properties of cancers, which likely explains the association of high BNC2 expression with increasing cancer grade and poor patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Orang
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - B Kate Dredge
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chi Yau Liu
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julie M Bracken
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Laura Sourdin
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Holly J Whitfield
- Division of Bioinformatics, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rachael Lumb
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah T Boyle
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melissa J Davis
- South Australian ImmunogGENomics Cancer Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Division of Bioinformatics, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Fraser Institute, University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, Australia
| | - Michael S Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yeesim Khew-Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Katherine A Pillman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cameron P Bracken
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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11
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Haycock PC, Borges MC, Burrows K, Lemaitre RN, Harrison S, Burgess S, Chang X, Westra J, Khankari NK, Tsilidis KK, Gaunt T, Hemani G, Zheng J, Truong T, O’Mara TA, Spurdle AB, Law MH, Slager SL, Birmann BM, Saberi Hosnijeh F, Mariosa D, Amos CI, Hung RJ, Zheng W, Gunter MJ, Davey Smith G, Relton C, Martin RM. Design and quality control of large-scale two-sample Mendelian randomization studies. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1498-1521. [PMID: 38587501 PMCID: PMC10555669 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mendelian randomization (MR) studies are susceptible to metadata errors (e.g. incorrect specification of the effect allele column) and other analytical issues that can introduce substantial bias into analyses. We developed a quality control (QC) pipeline for the Fatty Acids in Cancer Mendelian Randomization Collaboration (FAMRC) that can be used to identify and correct for such errors. Methods We collated summary association statistics from fatty acid and cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and subjected the collated data to a comprehensive QC pipeline. We identified metadata errors through comparison of study-specific statistics to external reference data sets (the National Human Genome Research Institute-European Bioinformatics Institute GWAS catalogue and 1000 genome super populations) and other analytical issues through comparison of reported to expected genetic effect sizes. Comparisons were based on three sets of genetic variants: (i) GWAS hits for fatty acids, (ii) GWAS hits for cancer and (iii) a 1000 genomes reference set. Results We collated summary data from 6 fatty acid and 54 cancer GWAS. Metadata errors and analytical issues with the potential to introduce substantial bias were identified in seven studies (11.6%). After resolving metadata errors and analytical issues, we created a data set of 219 842 genetic associations with 90 cancer types, generated in analyses of 566 665 cancer cases and 1 622 374 controls. Conclusions In this large MR collaboration, 11.6% of included studies were affected by a substantial metadata error or analytical issue. By increasing the integrity of collated summary data prior to their analysis, our protocol can be used to increase the reliability of downstream MR analyses. Our pipeline is available to other researchers via the CheckSumStats package (https://github.com/MRCIEU/CheckSumStats).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kimberley Burrows
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Sean Harrison
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xuling Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat—National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Westra
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA
| | - Nikhil K Khankari
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kostas K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Tom Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Therese Truong
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Tracy A O’Mara
- Genetics and Computational Biology Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Genetics and Computational Biology Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Daniela Mariosa
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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12
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Chong ZX, Yong CY, Ong AHK, Yeap SK, Ho WY. Deciphering the roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in regulating carcinogenesis. Toxicology 2023; 495:153596. [PMID: 37480978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent receptor that belongs to the superfamily of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. The activation of the canonical AHR signaling pathway is known to induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, facilitating the detoxification metabolism in the human body. Additionally, AHR could interact with various signaling pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), nuclear factor ekappa B (NF-κβ), estrogen receptor (ER), and androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways. Over the past 30 years, several studies have reported that various chemical, physical, or biological agents, such as tobacco, hydrocarbon compounds, industrial and agricultural chemical wastes, drugs, UV, viruses, and other toxins, could affect AHR expression or activity, promoting cancer development. Thus, it is valuable to overview how these factors regulate AHR-mediated carcinogenesis. Current findings have reported that many compounds could act as AHR ligands to drive the expressions of AHR-target genes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1B1, MMPs, and AXL, and other targets that exert a pro-proliferation or anti-apoptotic effect, like XIAP. Furthermore, some other physical and chemical agents, such as UV and 3-methylcholanthrene, could promote AHR signaling activities, increasing the signaling activities of a few oncogenic pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathways. Understanding how various factors regulate AHR-mediated carcinogenesis processes helps clinicians and scientists plan personalized therapeutic strategies to improve anti-cancer treatment efficacy. As many studies that have reported the roles of AHR in regulating carcinogenesis are preclinical or observational clinical studies that did not explore the detailed mechanisms of how different chemical, physical, or biological agents promote AHR-mediated carcinogenesis processes, future studies should focus on conducting large-scale and functional studies to unravel the underlying mechanism of how AHR interacts with different factors in regulating carcinogenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong Chong
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chean Yeah Yong
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alan Han Kiat Ong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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13
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Mignogna G, Carey CE, Wedow R, Baya N, Cordioli M, Pirastu N, Bellocco R, Malerbi KF, Nivard MG, Neale BM, Walters RK, Ganna A. Patterns of item nonresponse behaviour to survey questionnaires are systematic and associated with genetic loci. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:1371-1387. [PMID: 37386106 PMCID: PMC10444625 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Response to survey questionnaires is vital for social and behavioural research, and most analyses assume full and accurate response by participants. However, nonresponse is common and impedes proper interpretation and generalizability of results. We examined item nonresponse behaviour across 109 questionnaire items in the UK Biobank (N = 360,628). Phenotypic factor scores for two participant-selected nonresponse answers, 'Prefer not to answer' (PNA) and 'I don't know' (IDK), each predicted participant nonresponse in follow-up surveys (incremental pseudo-R2 = 0.056), even when controlling for education and self-reported health (incremental pseudo-R2 = 0.046). After performing genome-wide association studies of our factors, PNA and IDK were highly genetically correlated with one another (rg = 0.73 (s.e. = 0.03)) and with education (rg,PNA = -0.51 (s.e. = 0.03); rg,IDK = -0.38 (s.e. = 0.02)), health (rg,PNA = 0.51 (s.e. = 0.03); rg,IDK = 0.49 (s.e. = 0.02)) and income (rg,PNA = -0.57 (s.e. = 0.04); rg,IDK = -0.46 (s.e. = 0.02)), with additional unique genetic associations observed for both PNA and IDK (P < 5 × 10-8). We discuss how these associations may bias studies of traits correlated with item nonresponse and demonstrate how this bias may substantially affect genome-wide association studies. While the UK Biobank data are deidentified, we further protected participant privacy by avoiding exploring non-response behaviour to single questions, assuring that no information can be used to associate results with any particular respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Mignogna
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin E Carey
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robbee Wedow
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- AnalytiXIN (Analytics Indiana), Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Nikolas Baya
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mattia Cordioli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Fondazione Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, Milan, Italy
| | - Rino Bellocco
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michel G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychiatry, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Methodology Program, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress and Sleep, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raymond K Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Winge MCG, Kellman LN, Guo K, Tang JY, Swetter SM, Aasi SZ, Sarin KY, Chang ALS, Khavari PA. Advances in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5. [PMID: 37286893 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human malignancies arise predominantly in tissues of epithelial origin, where the stepwise transformation from healthy epithelium to premalignant dysplasia to invasive neoplasia involves sequential dysregulation of biological networks that govern essential functions of epithelial homeostasis. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prototype epithelial malignancy, often with a high tumour mutational burden. A plethora of risk genes, dominated by UV-induced sun damage, drive disease progression in conjunction with stromal interactions and local immunomodulation, enabling continuous tumour growth. Recent studies have identified subpopulations of SCC cells that specifically interact with the tumour microenvironment. These advances, along with increased knowledge of the impact of germline genetics and somatic mutations on cSCC development, have led to a greater appreciation of the complexity of skin cancer pathogenesis and have enabled progress in neoadjuvant immunotherapy, which has improved pathological complete response rates. Although measures for the prevention and therapeutic management of cSCC are associated with clinical benefit, the prognosis remains poor for advanced disease. Elucidating how the genetic mechanisms that drive cSCC interact with the tumour microenvironment is a current focus in efforts to understand, prevent and treat cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten C G Winge
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Laura N Kellman
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Konnie Guo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sumaira Z Aasi
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Anne Lynn S Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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15
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Microbiota, Oxidative Stress, and Skin Cancer: An Unexpected Triangle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030546. [PMID: 36978794 PMCID: PMC10045429 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiota, the unique combination of micro-organisms residing in a specific environment, plays an essential role in the development of a wide range of human diseases, including skin cancer. Moreover, a persistent imbalance of microbial community, named dysbiosis, can also be associated with oxidative stress, a well-known emerging force involved in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including cutaneous malignancies. Although their interplay has been somewhat suggested, the connection between microbiota, oxidative stress, and skin cancer is a largely unexplored field. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge on these topics, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies.
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16
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Seviiri M, Law MH, Ong JS, Gharahkhani P, Fontanillas P, Olsen CM, Whiteman DC, MacGregor S. A multi-phenotype analysis reveals 19 susceptibility loci for basal cell carcinoma and 15 for squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7650. [PMID: 36496446 PMCID: PMC9741635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common skin cancers, and have genetic overlap with melanoma, pigmentation traits, autoimmune diseases, and blood biochemistry biomarkers. In this multi-trait genetic analysis of over 300,000 participants from Europe, Australia and the United States, we reveal 78 risk loci for basal cell carcinoma (19 previously unknown and replicated) and 69 for squamous cell carcinoma (15 previously unknown and replicated). The previously unknown risk loci are implicated in cancer development and progression (e.g. CDKL1), pigmentation (e.g. TPCN2), cardiometabolic (e.g. FADS2), and immune-regulatory pathways for innate immunity (e.g. IFIH1), and HIV-1 viral load modulation (e.g. CCR5). We also report an optimised polygenic risk score for effective risk stratification for keratinocyte cancer in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (794 cases and 18139 controls), which could facilitate skin cancer surveillance e.g. in high risk subpopulations such as transplantees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Seviiri
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Center for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Catherine M Olsen
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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17
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Bottomley MJ, Massey PR, Thuraisingham R, Doyle A, Rao S, Bibee KP, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Harwood CA. Interventions After First Post-Transplant Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proposed Decision Framework. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10880. [PMID: 36484063 PMCID: PMC9722441 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after organ transplant. Many patients subsequently develop multiple CSCC following a first CSCC, and the risk of metastasis and death is significantly increased compared to the general population. Post-transplant CSCC represents a disease at the interface of dermatology and transplant medicine. Both systemic chemoprevention and modulation of immunosuppression are frequently employed in patients with multiple CSCC, yet there is little consensus on their use after first CSCC to reduce risk of subsequent tumors. While relatively few controlled trials have been undertaken, extrapolation of observational data suggests the most effective interventions may be at the time of first CSCC. We review the need for intervention after a first post-transplant CSCC and evidence for use of various approaches as secondary prevention, before discussing barriers preventing engagement with this approach and finally highlight areas for future research. Close collaboration between specialties to ensure prompt deployment of these interventions after a first CSCC may improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Bottomley
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute (CAMS-COI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Oxford Transplant Unit, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Matthew J. Bottomley,
| | | | - Raj Thuraisingham
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alden Doyle
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Swati Rao
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kristin P. Bibee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Anokhi Jambusaria-Pahlajani
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Catherine A. Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Cushing KC, Du X, Chen Y, Stetson LC, Kuppa A, Chen VL, Kahlenberg JM, Gudjonsson JE, Vanderwerff B, Higgins PDR, Speliotes EK. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk Variants Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Skin Cancer. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1667-1676. [PMID: 35018451 PMCID: PMC9924040 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. The aims of this study were to determine whether IBD susceptibility variants are also associated with skin cancer susceptibility and if such risk is augmented by use of immune-suppressive therapy. METHODS The discovery cohort included participants in the UK Biobank. The validation cohort included participants in the Michigan Genomics Initiative. The primary outcome of interest was skin cancer, subgrouped into nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and melanoma skin cancers (MSC). Multivariable logistic regression with matched controls (3 controls:1 case) was performed to identify genomic predictors of skin malignancy in the discovery cohort. Variants with P < .05 were tested for replication in the validation cohort. Validated Single nucleotide polymorphisms were then evaluated for effect modification by immune-suppressive medications. RESULTS The discovery cohort included 10,247 cases of NMSC and 1883 cases of MSC. The validation cohort included 7334 cases of NMSC and 3304 cases of MSC. Twenty-nine variants were associated with risk of NMSC in the discovery cohort, of which 5 replicated in the validation cohort (increased risk, rs7773324-A [DUSP22; IRF4], rs2476601-G [PTPN22], rs1847472-C [BACH2], rs72810983-A [CPEB4]; decreased risk, rs6088765-G [PROCR; MMP24]). Twelve variants were associated with risk of MSC in the discovery cohort, of which 4 were replicated in the validation cohort (increased risk, rs61839660-T [IL2RA]; decreased risk, rs17391694-C [GIPC2; MGC27382], rs6088765-G [PROCR; MMP24], and rs1728785-C [ZFP90]). No effect modification was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight shared genetic susceptibility across IBD and skin cancer, with increased risk of NMSC in those who carry risk variants in IRF4, PTPN22, CPEB4, and BACH2 and increased risk of MSC in those who carry a risk variant in IL2RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Cushing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L C Stetson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annapurna Kuppa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vincent L Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Brett Vanderwerff
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Speliotes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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19
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Corpas M, Megy K, Metastasio A, Lehmann E. Implementation of individualised polygenic risk score analysis: a test case of a family of four. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:207. [PMID: 36192731 PMCID: PMC9531350 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been widely applied in research studies, showing how population groups can be stratified into risk categories for many common conditions. As healthcare systems consider applying PRS to keep their populations healthy, little work has been carried out demonstrating their implementation at an individual level. Case presentation We performed a systematic curation of PRS sources from established data repositories, selecting 15 phenotypes, comprising an excess of 37 million SNPs related to cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic and autoimmune diseases. We tested selected phenotypes using whole genome sequencing data for a family of four related individuals. Individual risk scores were given percentile values based upon reference distributions among 1000 Genomes Iberians, Europeans, or all samples. Over 96 billion allele effects were calculated in order to obtain the PRS for each of the individuals analysed here. Conclusions Our results highlight the need for further standardisation in the way PRS are developed and shared, the importance of individual risk assessment rather than the assumption of inherited averages, and the challenges currently posed when translating PRS into risk metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Corpas
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, UK. .,Institute of Continuing Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Karyn Megy
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge & NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Metastasio
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, UK.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Edmund Lehmann
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Pudjihartono M, Perry JK, Print C, O'Sullivan JM, Schierding W. Interpretation of the role of germline and somatic non-coding mutations in cancer: expression and chromatin conformation informed analysis. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:120. [PMID: 36171609 PMCID: PMC9520844 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been extensive scrutiny of cancer driving mutations within the exome (especially amino acid altering mutations) as these are more likely to have a clear impact on protein functions, and thus on cell biology. However, this has come at the neglect of systematic identification of regulatory (non-coding) variants, which have recently been identified as putative somatic drivers and key germline risk factors for cancer development. Comprehensive understanding of non-coding mutations requires understanding their role in the disruption of regulatory elements, which then disrupt key biological functions such as gene expression. MAIN BODY We describe how advancements in sequencing technologies have led to the identification of a large number of non-coding mutations with uncharacterized biological significance. We summarize the strategies that have been developed to interpret and prioritize the biological mechanisms impacted by non-coding mutations, focusing on recent annotation of cancer non-coding variants utilizing chromatin states, eQTLs, and chromatin conformation data. CONCLUSION We believe that a better understanding of how to apply different regulatory data types into the study of non-coding mutations will enhance the discovery of novel mechanisms driving cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo K Perry
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cris Print
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Australian Parkinson's Mission, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - William Schierding
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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21
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Byun J, Han Y, Li Y, Xia J, Long E, Choi J, Xiao X, Zhu M, Zhou W, Sun R, Bossé Y, Song Z, Schwartz A, Lusk C, Rafnar T, Stefansson K, Zhang T, Zhao W, Pettit RW, Liu Y, Li X, Zhou H, Walsh KM, Gorlov I, Gorlova O, Zhu D, Rosenberg SM, Pinney S, Bailey-Wilson JE, Mandal D, de Andrade M, Gaba C, Willey JC, You M, Anderson M, Wiencke JK, Albanes D, Lam S, Tardon A, Chen C, Goodman G, Bojeson S, Brenner H, Landi MT, Chanock SJ, Johansson M, Muley T, Risch A, Wichmann HE, Bickeböller H, Christiani DC, Rennert G, Arnold S, Field JK, Shete S, Le Marchand L, Melander O, Brunnstrom H, Liu G, Andrew AS, Kiemeney LA, Shen H, Zienolddiny S, Grankvist K, Johansson M, Caporaso N, Cox A, Hong YC, Yuan JM, Lazarus P, Schabath MB, Aldrich MC, Patel A, Lan Q, Rothman N, Taylor F, Kachuri L, Witte JS, Sakoda LC, Spitz M, Brennan P, Lin X, McKay J, Hung RJ, Amos CI. Cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis of 61,047 cases and 947,237 controls identifies new susceptibility loci contributing to lung cancer. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1167-1177. [PMID: 35915169 PMCID: PMC9373844 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To identify new susceptibility loci to lung cancer among diverse populations, we performed cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies in European, East Asian and African populations and discovered five loci that have not been previously reported. We replicated 26 signals and identified 10 new lead associations from previously reported loci. Rare-variant associations tended to be specific to populations, but even common-variant associations influencing smoking behavior, such as those with CHRNA5 and CYP2A6, showed population specificity. Fine-mapping and expression quantitative trait locus colocalization nominated several candidate variants and susceptibility genes such as IRF4 and FUBP1. DNA damage assays of prioritized genes in lung fibroblasts indicated that a subset of these genes, including the pleiotropic gene IRF4, potentially exert effects by promoting endogenous DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Byun
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Younghun Han
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yafang Li
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Xia
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erping Long
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhuoyi Song
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ann Schwartz
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christine Lusk
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rowland W Pettit
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xihao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hufeng Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Gorlov
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olga Gorlova
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dakai Zhu
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan M Rosenberg
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan Pinney
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Diptasri Mandal
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Colette Gaba
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - James C Willey
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ming You
- Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephan Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Public Health Department, University of Oviedo, ISPA and CIBERESP, Asturias, Spain
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Stig Bojeson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Muley
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Allergy-Cancer-BioNano Research Centre, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center at Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Susanne Arnold
- University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John K Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Geoffrey Liu
- University Health Network- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Departments of Epidemiology and Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | | | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alpa Patel
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fiona Taylor
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Spitz
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James McKay
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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22
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Ng JY, Chew FT. A systematic review of skin ageing genes: gene pleiotropy and genes on the chromosomal band 16q24.3 may drive skin ageing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13099. [PMID: 35907981 PMCID: PMC9338925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin ageing is the result of intrinsic genetic and extrinsic lifestyle factors. However, there is no consensus on skin ageing phenotypes and ways to quantify them. In this systematic review, we first carefully identified 56 skin ageing phenotypes from multiple literature sources and sought the best photo-numeric grading scales to evaluate them. Next, we conducted a systematic review on all 44 Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) on skin ageing published to date and identified genetic risk factors (2349 SNPs and 366 genes) associated with skin ageing. We identified 19 promising SNPs found to be significantly (p-Value < 1E-05) associated with skin ageing phenotypes in two or more independent studies. Here we show, using enrichment analyses strategies and gene expression data, that (1) pleiotropy is a recurring theme among skin ageing genes, (2) SNPs associated with skin ageing phenotypes are mostly located in a small handful of 44 pleiotropic and hub genes (mostly on the chromosome band 16q24.3) and 32 skin colour genes. Since numerous genes on the chromosome band 16q24.3 and skin colour genes show pleiotropy, we propose that (1) genes traditionally identified to contribute to skin colour have more than just skin pigmentation roles, and (2) further progress towards understand the development of skin pigmentation requires understanding the contributions of genes on the chromosomal band 16q24.3. We anticipate our systematic review to serve as a hub to locate primary literature sources pertaining to the genetics of skin ageing and to be a starting point for more sophisticated work examining pleiotropic genes, hub genes, and skin ageing phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan Ng
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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23
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Liyanage UE, Law MH, Antonsson A, Hughes MCB, Gordon S, van der Pols JC, Green AC. Polygenic risk score as a determinant of risk of keratinocyte cancer in an Australian population-based cohort. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:2036-2042. [PMID: 35881107 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratinocyte cancer (KC) risk is determined by genetic and environmental factors. Genetic risk can be quantified by polygenic risk scores (PRS), which sum the combined effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). OBJECTIVES Our objective here was to evaluate the contribution of the summed genetic score to predict the KC risk in the phenotypically well-characterised Nambour population. METHODS We used PLINK v1.90 to calculate PRS for 432 cases, 566 controls, using 78 genome-wide independent SNPs that are associated with KC risk. We assessed the association between PRS and KC using logistic regression, stratifying the cohort into 3 risk groups (high 20%, intermediate 60%, low 20%). RESULTS The fully adjusted model including traditional risk factors (phenotypic and sun exposure-related), showed a significant 50% increase in odds of KC per standard deviation of PRS (odds ratio (OR) =1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.30-1.76, P=5.75 × 10-8 ). Those in the top 20% PRS had over three times the risk of KC of those in the lowest 20% (OR=3.45; 95% CI=2.18-5.50, P=1.5×10-7 ) and higher absolute risk of KC per 100 person-years of 2.96 compared with 1.34. Area under the ROC curve increased from 0.72 to 0.74 on adding PRS to the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS These results show that PRS can enhance the prediction of KC above traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- U E Liyanage
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M H Law
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Antonsson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M C B Hughes
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J C van der Pols
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A C Green
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,CRUK Manchester Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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24
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Natural Killer cells demonstrate distinct eQTL and transcriptome-wide disease associations, highlighting their role in autoimmunity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4073. [PMID: 35835762 PMCID: PMC9283523 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer cells are innate lymphocytes with central roles in immunosurveillance and are implicated in autoimmune pathogenesis. The degree to which regulatory variants affect Natural Killer cell gene expression is poorly understood. Here we perform expression quantitative trait locus mapping of negatively selected Natural Killer cells from a population of healthy Europeans (n = 245). We find a significant subset of genes demonstrate expression quantitative trait loci specific to Natural Killer cells and these are highly informative of human disease, in particular autoimmunity. A Natural Killer cell transcriptome-wide association study across five common autoimmune diseases identifies further novel associations at 27 genes. In addition to these cis observations, we find novel master-regulatory regions impacting expression of trans gene networks at regions including 19q13.4, the Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor region, GNLY, MC1R and UVSSA. Our findings provide new insights into the unique biology of Natural Killer cells, demonstrating markedly different expression quantitative trait loci from other immune cells, with implications for disease mechanisms. Natural Killer cells are key mediators of anti-tumour immunosurveillance and anti-viral immunity. Here, the authors map regulatory genetic variation in primary Natural Killer cells, providing new insights into their role in human health and disease.
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Bukowska B, Mokra K, Michałowicz J. Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116348. [PMID: 35683027 PMCID: PMC9181839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the main representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and has been repeatedly found in the air, surface water, soil, and sediments. It is present in cigarette smoke as well as in food products, especially when smoked and grilled. Human exposure to B[a]P is therefore common. Research shows growing evidence concerning toxic effects induced by this substance. This xenobiotic is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) to carcinogenic metabolite: 7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), which creates DNA adducts, causing mutations and malignant transformations. Moreover, B[a]P is epigenotoxic, neurotoxic, and teratogenic, and exhibits pro-oxidative potential and causes impairment of animals’ fertility. CYP P450 is strongly involved in B[a]P metabolism, and it is simultaneously expressed as a result of the association of B[a]P with aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), playing an essential role in the cancerogenic potential of various xenobiotics. In turn, polymorphism of CYP P450 genes determines the sensitivity of the organism to B[a]P. It was also observed that B[a]P facilitates the multiplication of viruses, which may be an additional problem with the widespread COVID-19 pandemic. Based on publications mainly from 2017 to 2022, this paper presents the occurrence of B[a]P in various environmental compartments and human surroundings, shows the exposure of humans to this substance, and describes the mechanisms of its toxicity.
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Kim Y, Yin J, Huang H, Jorgenson E, Choquet H, Asgari MM. Genome-wide association study of actinic keratosis identifies new susceptibility loci implicated in pigmentation and immune regulation pathways. Commun Biol 2022; 5:386. [PMID: 35449187 PMCID: PMC9023580 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common precancerous cutaneous neoplasm that arises on chronically sun-exposed skin. AK susceptibility has a moderate genetic component, and although a few susceptibility loci have been identified, including IRF4, TYR, and MC1R, additional loci have yet to be discovered. We conducted a genome-wide association study of AK in non-Hispanic white participants of the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort (n = 63,110, discovery cohort), with validation in the Mass-General Brigham (MGB) Biobank cohort (n = 29,130). We identified eleven loci (P < 5 × 10-8), including seven novel loci, of which four novel loci were validated. In a meta-analysis (GERA + MGB), one additional novel locus, TRPS1, was identified. Genes within the identified loci are implicated in pigmentation (SLC45A2, IRF4, BNC2, TYR, DEF8, RALY, HERC2, and TRPS1), immune regulation (FOXP1 and HLA-DQA1), and cell signaling and tissue remodeling (MMP24) pathways. Our findings provide novel insight into the genetics and pathogenesis of AK susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhree Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Maryam M Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Rosmarinus officinalis L. Leaf Extracts and Their Metabolites Inhibit the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation In Vitro and in Human Keratinocytes: Potential Impact on Inflammatory Skin Diseases and Skin Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082499. [PMID: 35458697 PMCID: PMC9029298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by environmental agents and microbial metabolites is potentially implicated in a series of skin diseases. Hence, it would be very important to identify natural compounds that could inhibit the AhR activation by ligands of microbial origin as 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), indirubin (IND) and pityriazepin (PZ) or the prototype ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Five different dry Rosmarinus officinalis L. extracts (ROEs) were assayed for their activities as antagonists of AhR ligand binding with guinea pig cytosol in the presence of [3H]TCDD. The methanolic ROE was further assayed towards CYP1A1 mRNA induction using RT-PCR in human keratinocytes against TCDD, FICZ, PZ, and IND. The isolated metabolites, carnosic acid, carnosol, 7-O-methyl-epi-rosmanol, 4′,7-O-dimethylapigenin, and betulinic acid, were assayed for their agonist and antagonist activity in the presence and absence of TCDD using the gel retardation assay (GRA). All assayed ROE extracts showed similar dose-dependent activities with almost complete inhibition of AhR activation by TCDD at 100 ppm. The methanol ROE at 10 ppm showed 99%, 50%, 90%, and 85% inhibition against TCDD, FICZ, IND, and PZ, respectively, in human keratinocytes. Most assayed metabolites exhibited dose-dependent antagonist activity. ROEs inhibit AhR activation by TCDD and by the Malassezia metabolites FICZ, PZ, and IND. Hence, ROE could be useful for the prevention or treatment of skin diseases mediated by activation of AhR.
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Vogeley C, Rolfes KM, Krutmann J, Haarmann-Stemmann T. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Environmentally-Induced Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Skin. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841721. [PMID: 35311158 PMCID: PMC8927079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in humans and academia as well as public authorities expect a further increase of its incidence in the next years. The major risk factor for the development of SCC of the general population is the repeated and unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Another important risk factor, in particular with regards to occupational settings, is the chronic exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) which are formed during incomplete combustion of organic material and thus can be found in coal tar, creosote, bitumen and related working materials. Importantly, both exposomal factors unleash their carcinogenic potential, at least to some extent, by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and key regulator in xenobiotic metabolism and immunity. The AHR is expressed in all cutaneous cell-types investigated so far and maintains skin integrity. We and others have reported that in response to a chronic exposure to environmental stressors, in particular UV radiation and PAHs, an activation of AHR and downstream signaling pathways critically contributes to the development of SCC. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about AHR's role in skin carcinogenesis and focus on its impact on defense mechanisms, such as DNA repair, apoptosis and anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, we discuss the possible consequences of a simultaneous exposure to different AHR-stimulating environmental factors for the development of cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vogeley
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina M Rolfes
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Molina-García M, Malvehy J, Granger C, Garre A, Trullàs C, Puig S. Exposome and Skin. Part 2. The Influential Role of the Exposome, Beyond UVR, in Actinic Keratosis, Bowen's Disease and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proposal. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:361-380. [PMID: 35112326 PMCID: PMC8850498 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is the main risk factor for the development of cutaneous invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It represents the first sign of severe chronic ultraviolet radiation exposure, which has a clear significant effect. Nevertheless, the skin is exposed to many other exposome factors which should be thoroughly considered. Our aim was to assess the impact of exposome factors other than ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the etiopathology of AK and Bowen's disease (BD) and progression of AK to SCC and to design tailored prevention strategies. We performed an exhaustive literature search in September 2021 through PubMed on the impact of exposome factors other than UVR on AK, BD and SCC. We conducted several parallel searches combining terms of the following topics: AK, BD, SCC and microbiome, hormones, nutrition, alcohol, tobacco, viral infections, chemical contaminants and air pollution. Notably, skin microbiome studies have shown how Staphylococcus aureus infections are associated with AK and AK-to-SCC progression by the production of chronic inflammation. Nutritional studies have demonstrated how a caloric restriction in fat intake, oral nicotinamide and moderate consumption of wine significantly reduce the number of premalignant keratoses and SCC. Regarding lifestyle factors, both alcohol and smoking are associated with the development of SCC in a dose-dependent manner. Relevant environmental factors are viral infections and chemical contaminants. Human papillomavirus infections induce deregulation of cellular proliferation and are associated with AK, BD and SCC. In addition to outdoor jobs, occupations such as industrial processing and farming also increase the risk of developing keratoses and SCC. The exposome of AK will undoubtedly help the understanding of its etiopathology and possible progression to SCC and will serve as a basis to design tailored prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Molina-García
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 143 Casanova, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 143 Casanova, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Corinne Granger
- Innovation and Development, ISDIN, 33 Provençals, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Garre
- Innovation and Development, ISDIN, 33 Provençals, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Trullàs
- Innovation and Development, ISDIN, 33 Provençals, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 143 Casanova, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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Chang MS, Azin M, Demehri S. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Frontier of Cancer Immunoprevention. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 17:101-119. [PMID: 35073167 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042320-120056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer, with its incidence rising steeply. Immunosuppression is a well-established risk factor for cSCC, and this risk factor highlights the critical role of the immune system in regulating cSCC development and progression. Further highlighting the nature of cSCC as an immunological disorder, substantial evidence demonstrates a tight association between cSCC risk and age-related immunosenescence. Besides the proven efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy for advanced cSCC, novel immunotherapy that targets cSCC precursor lesions has shown efficacy for cSCC prevention. Furthermore, the appreciation of the interplay between keratinocytes, commensal papillomaviruses, and the immune system has revealed the possibility for the development of a preventive cSCC vaccine. cSCC shares fundamental aspects of its origin and pathogenesis with mucosal SCCs. Therefore, advances in the field of cSCC immunoprevention will inform our approach to the management of mucosal SCCs and potentially other epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjan Azin
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Center for Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Seviiri M, Law MH, Ong JS, Gharahkhani P, Nyholt DR, Hopkins P, Chambers D, Campbell S, Isbel NM, Soyer HP, Olsen CM, Ellis JJ, Whiteman DC, Green AC, MacGregor S. Polygenic Risk Scores Stratify Keratinocyte Cancer Risk among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Chronic Immunosuppression in a High Ultraviolet Radiation Environment. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2866-2875.e2. [PMID: 34089721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have elevated risks for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), especially in high UVR environments. We assessed whether polygenic risk scores can improve the prediction of BCC and SCC risks and multiplicity over and above the traditional risk factors in SOTRs in a high UV setting. We built polygenic risk scores for BCC (n = 594,881) and SCC (n = 581,431) using UK Biobank and 23andMe datasets, validated them in the Australian QSkin Sun and Health Study cohort (n > 6,300), and applied them in SOTRs in the skin tumor in allograft recipients cohort from Queensland, Australia, a high UV environment. About half of the SOTRs with a high genetic risk developed BCC (absolute risk = 45.45%, 95% confidence interval = 33.14-58.19%) and SCC (absolute risk = 44.12%, 95% confidence interval = 32.08-56.68%). For both cancers, SOTRs in the top quintile were at >3-fold increased risk relative to those in the bottom quintile. The respective polygenic risk scores improved risk predictions by 2% for BCC (area under the curve = 0.77 vs. 0.75, P = 0.0691) and SCC (area under the curve = 0.84 vs. 0.82, P = 0.0260), over and above the established risk factors, and 19.03% (for BCC) and 18.10% (for SCC) of the SOTRs were reclassified in a high/medium/low risk scenario. The polygenic risk scores also added predictive accuracy for tumor multiplicity (BCC R2 = 0.21 vs. 0.19, P = 3.2 × 10-3; SCC R2 = 0.30 vs. 0.27, P = 4.6 × 10-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Seviiri
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jue Sheng Ong
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Hopkins
- Queensland Lung Transplant Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel Chambers
- Queensland Lung Transplant Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott Campbell
- Department of Nephrology, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole M Isbel
- Department of Nephrology, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsen
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan J Ellis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adele C Green
- Population Health Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Cancer Research United Kingdom (CRUK) Manchester Institute, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Motawi TMK, Sabry D, Shehata NI, William MM, Fahim AT. Impact of FOXP1 rs2687201 genetic variant on the susceptibility to HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22965. [PMID: 34783112 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes a challenging health problem in Egypt due to the high incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Improved understanding of genetic mechanisms underlying the individual predisposition to HCC will lead to enhancements in the early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this disease. Transcription factor forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) is involved in the cellular processes of proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and longevity. In addition, it has been implicated in hepatic tumorigenesis. The present study explored the association of C/A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the FOXP1 gene (rs2687201) with HCC susceptibility in HCV Egyptian patients. The study included 108 patients with HCV-dependant HCC, 86 HCV patients, and 80- age and gender-matched healthy controls. rs2687201 genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination method using TaqMan real-time PCR assays while FOXP1 gene expression and protein level were determined using qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunoassay, respectively. Our results revealed a significant association between FOXP1 rs2687201 and HCC risk where (A) allele was significantly more frequent in patients with HCC compared to controls (odds ratio [OR]: 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-3.04, p = 0.01) and to HCV patients (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.62-2.94, p = 0.012). Furthermore, FOXP1 gene and protein expression levels were remarkably higher in (CA + AA) than in CC genotype carriers in a dominant model. The (CA + AA) genotype displayed a significantly shorter overall survival than the CC genotype in HCC patients. In conclusion, FOXP1 gene polymorphism rs2687201 is significantly associated with HCC, but not with HCV infection, in Egyptian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mira Magdy William
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Atef Tadros Fahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Xu M, Mehl L, Zhang T, Thakur R, Sowards H, Myers T, Jessop L, Chesi A, Johnson ME, Wells AD, Michael HT, Bunda P, Jones K, Higson H, Hennessey RC, Jermusyk A, Kovacs MA, Landi MT, Iles MM, Goldstein AM, Choi J, Chanock SJ, Grant SF, Chari R, Merlino G, Law MH, Brown KM, Brown KM. A UVB-responsive common variant at chromosome band 7p21.1 confers tanning response and melanoma risk via regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AHR. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1611-1630. [PMID: 34343493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified a melanoma-associated locus on chromosome band 7p21.1 with rs117132860 as the lead SNP and a secondary independent signal marked by rs73069846. rs117132860 is also associated with tanning ability and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Because ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a key environmental exposure for all three traits, we investigated the mechanisms by which this locus contributes to melanoma risk, focusing on cellular response to UVR. Fine-mapping of melanoma GWASs identified four independent sets of candidate causal variants. A GWAS region-focused Capture-C study of primary melanocytes identified physical interactions between two causal sets and the promoter of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Subsequent chromatin state annotation, eQTL, and luciferase assays identified rs117132860 as a functional variant and reinforced AHR as a likely causal gene. Because AHR plays critical roles in cellular response to dioxin and UVR, we explored links between this SNP and AHR expression after both 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. Allele-specific AHR binding to rs117132860-G was enhanced following both, consistent with predicted weakened AHR binding to the risk/poor-tanning rs117132860-A allele, and allele-preferential AHR expression driven from the protective rs117132860-G allele was observed following UVB exposure. Small deletions surrounding rs117132860 introduced via CRISPR abrogates AHR binding, reduces melanocyte cell growth, and prolongs growth arrest following UVB exposure. These data suggest AHR is a melanoma susceptibility gene at the 7p21.1 risk locus and rs117132860 is a functional variant within a UVB-responsive element, leading to allelic AHR expression and altering melanocyte growth phenotypes upon exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin M Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Causation has multiple distinct meanings in genetics. One reason for this is meaning slippage between two concepts of the gene: Mendelian and molecular. Another reason is that a variety of genetic methods address different kinds of causal relationships. Some genetic studies address causes of traits in individuals, which can only be assessed when single genes follow predictable inheritance patterns that reliably cause a trait. A second sense concerns the causes of trait differences within a population. Whereas some single genes can be said to cause population-level differences, most often these claims concern the effects of many genes. Polygenic traits can be understood using heritability estimates, which estimate the relative influences of genetic and environmental differences to trait differences within a population. Attempts to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying polygenic traits have been developed, although causal inference based on these results remains controversial. Genetic variation has also recently been leveraged as a randomizing factor to identify environmental causes of trait differences. This technique-Mendelian randomization-offers some solutions to traditional epidemiological challenges, although it is limited to the study of environments with known genetic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Lynch
- Department of Philosophy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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35
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Chen H, Yang J, Wu W. Seven key hub genes identified by gene co-expression network in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:852. [PMID: 34301206 PMCID: PMC8306372 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) often follows actinic keratosis (AK) and is the second most common skin cancer worldwide. To reduce metastasis risk, it is important to diagnose and treat cSCC early. This study aimed to identify hub genes associated with cSCC and AK. Methods This study used three datasets GSE45216, GSE98774, and GSE108008. We combined samples from the GSE45216 and GSE98774 datasets into the new dataset GSE45216–98774. We applied a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to investigate key modules and hub genes associated with cSCC and AK. We considered the hub genes found in both the GSE45216–98774 and GSE108008 datasets as validated hub genes. We tested whether the expression of hub genes could predict patient survival outcomes in other cancers using TCGA pan-cancer data. Results We identified modules most relevant to cSCC and AK. Additionally, we identified and validated seven hub genes of cSCC: GATM, ARHGEF26, PTHLH, MMP1, POU2F3, MMP10 and GATA3. We did not find validated hub genes for AK. Each hub gene was significantly associated with the survival of various cancer types. Only GATA3 was significantly associated with melanoma survival. Conclusions We applied WGCNA to find seven hub genes that play important roles in cSCC tumorigenesis. These results provide new insights that help explain the pathogenesis of cSCC. These hub genes may become biomarkers or therapeutic targets for accurate diagnosis and treatment of cSCC in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08604-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Translational Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, People's Republic of China.
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Marley AR, Li M, Champion VL, Song Y, Han J, Li X. Citrus Consumption and Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in the UK Biobank. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:810-815. [PMID: 34282681 PMCID: PMC8770706 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) incidence has been dramatically increasing worldwide. Psoralen, a known photocarcinogen, is naturally abundant in citrus products, leading to the hypothesis that high citrus consumption may increase NMSC risk.Methods: We fitted age- and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models to evaluate the association between citrus consumption and NMSC risk among 197,372 UKBB participants. A total of 9,613 NMSC cases were identified using International Classification of Disease 10 codes. Citrus consumption data were collected via five rounds of 24-hour recall questionnaires.Results: We found no association between high total citrus consumption and NMSC risk, although a slightly elevated NMSC risk was observed among participants who consumed >0 to half a serving of total citrus per day (OR [95% CI] = 1.08 [1.01-1.16]). There was no association between individual citrus products and NMSC risk.Conclusion: High citrus consumption was not associated with an increased risk of NMSC in our UKBB sample. Further studies are needed to clarify these associations.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1952439 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Marley
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Victoria L. Champion
- Department of Community Health Systems, Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yiqing Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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37
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Loftus SK, Lundh L, Watkins-Chow DE, Baxter LL, Pairo-Castineira E, Nisc Comparative Sequencing Program, Jackson IJ, Oetting WS, Pavan WJ, Adams DR. A custom capture sequence approach for oculocutaneous albinism identifies structural variant alleles at the OCA2 locus. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1239-1253. [PMID: 34246199 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a heritable disorder of pigment production that manifests as hypopigmentation and altered eye development. Exon sequencing of known OCA genes is unsuccessful in producing a complete molecular diagnosis for a significant number of affected individuals. We sequenced the DNA of individuals with OCA using short-read custom capture sequencing that targeted coding, intronic, and noncoding regulatory regions of known OCA genes, and genome-wide association study-associated pigmentation loci. We identified an OCA2 complex structural variant (CxSV), defined by a 143 kb inverted segment reintroduced in intron 1, upstream of the native location. The corresponding CxSV junctions were observed in 11/390 probands screened. The 143 kb CxSV presents in one family as a copy number variant duplication for the 143 kb region. In the remaining 10/11 families, the 143 kb CxSV acquired an additional 184 kb deletion across the same region, restoring exons 3-19 of OCA2 to a copy-number neutral state. Allele-associated haplotype analysis found rare SNVs rs374519281 and rs139696407 are linked with the 143 kb CxSV in both OCA2 alleles. For individuals in which customary molecular evaluation does not reveal a biallelic OCA diagnosis, we recommend preliminary screening for these haplotype-associated rare variants, followed by junction-specific validation for the OCA2 143 kb CxSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie K Loftus
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Linnea Lundh
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dawn E Watkins-Chow
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura L Baxter
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erola Pairo-Castineira
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Ian J Jackson
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William S Oetting
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - William J Pavan
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David R Adams
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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38
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van Dam V, Trinh XB, An B, Julien L. Extra-anogenital giant cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas require multidisciplinary management. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100413. [PMID: 34126577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a highly prevalent cancer and the majority of cSCC have a good prognosis. However, a subset of cSCC can progress to advanced disease. We present the first reported case of a giant cSCC located on the breast. In addition, a systematic literature search on extra-anogenital giant (EAG) cSCC was performed using Pubmed and MEDLINE databases. Thirty-one articles could be retained which were relevant for this review. A total of 42 well-described cases were identified. Median age at presentation was 70 years (range 9-100 years). Twenty-four (57%) patients were male, eighteen were female (43%). The estimated median delay of treatment was 12 months (range 1 to >240 months). In 27 patients (64%) the giant cSCC was localized on the neck, face or scalp, 6 on the thoracic wall or back (14%), 4 on the lower limb (10%), 2 on the hip or buttock (5%), 2 on the upper limb (5%), one (2%) on the breast. Tumor stage at presentation was T2, T3 and T4 in respectively 26 (62%), 11 (26%) and 5 (12%) cases. Lymph node metastases were identified in 1 patient (2%) and distant metastases in another patient (2%). In 34 out of 42 cases (81%) primary radical surgical excision was performed, 3 received radiotherapy, 2 chemotherapy and 3 palliative care. In the cases with reported follow-up, four patients (4/30: 13%) died of disease. The treatment of EAG cSCC poses many problems, making a multidisciplinary approach of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie van Dam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Xuan Bich Trinh
- Gynaecology Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Bervoets An
- Dermatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Lambert Julien
- Dermatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
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39
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Huang M, Lyu C, Li X, Qureshi AA, Han J, Li M. Identifying Susceptibility Loci for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using a Fast Sequence Kernel Association Test. Front Genet 2021; 12:657499. [PMID: 34040636 PMCID: PMC8141858 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.657499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) accounts for about 20% of all skin cancers, the most common type of malignancy in the United States. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified multiple genetic variants associated with the risk of cSCC. Most of these studies were single-locus-based, testing genetic variants one-at-a-time. In this article, we performed gene-based association tests to evaluate the joint effect of multiple variants, especially rare variants, on the risk of cSCC by using a fast sequence kernel association test (fastSKAT). The study included 1,710 cSCC cases and 24,304 cancer-free controls from the Nurses' Health Study, the Nurses' Health Study II and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We used UCSC Genome Browser to define gene units as candidate loci, and further evaluated the association between all variants within each gene unit and disease outcome. Four genes HP1BP3, DAG1, SEPT7P2, and SLFN12 were identified using Bonferroni adjusted significance level. Our study is complementary to the existing GWASs, and our findings may provide additional insights into the etiology of cSCC. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University at Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Chen Lyu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University at Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University at Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
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40
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Moattari CR, Granstein RD. Neuropeptides and neurohormones in immune, inflammatory and cellular responses to ultraviolet radiation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13644. [PMID: 33724698 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to varying amounts of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) through sunlight. UVR penetrates into human skin leading to release of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones. These messengers released from local sensory nerves, keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), mast cells, melanocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) modulate local and systemic immune responses, mediate inflammation and promote differing cell biologic effects. In this review, we will focus on both animal and human studies that elucidate the roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), nerve growth factor (NGF), nitric oxide and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives in mediating immune and inflammatory effects of exposure to UVR as well as other cell biologic effects of UVR exposure.
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41
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Liu W, Liu X. LINC00641 Inhibits the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma By Downregulating miR-424 in A431 Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021:cbr.2020.4325. [PMID: 33885353 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the most deadly disease among nonmelanoma skin cancers. LINC00641 plays a role in various cancers, but its role in CSCC has not been reported so far. Methods and Materials: The expression of LINC00641 and miR-424 in cells was detected by RT-qPCR. CCK-8 and colony formation assay were used to detect the proliferation of cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of proliferation-, invasion-, and migration-related proteins. Wound Healing and Transwell experiments detected the ability of cell invasion and migration. In animal experiments, a tumor-bearing model was established in nude mice, and tumor volume was measured and photographed. The expression levels of proliferation-, invasion-, and migration-related proteins were detected by western blot. Results: The expression of LINC00641 was significantly decreased in CSCC cell lines. The overexpression of LINC00641 at the cellular level inhibited the proliferation and migration of CSCC cell line A431 by downregulating the expression of miR-424. The overexpression of LINC00641 in animals inhibited the tumor volume of nude mice by downregulating the expression of miR-424 to inhibit the expression of proliferation- and migration-related proteins. Conclusion: LINC00641 inhibits the development of CSCC by downregulating miR-424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, China
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42
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Mulvaney PM, Massey PR, Yu KK, Drinan JE, Schmults CD. Differential Molecular Expression Patterns Associated with Metastasis in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2161-2169. [PMID: 33771528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The majority of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas are treated by surgical removal; however, approximately 4% of tumors will metastasize. Molecular expression testing may improve accuracy in estimating the prognosis and defining the mechanisms important in the disease progression, which may impact response to therapy. Using PubMed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE, a systematic review was performed to evaluate studies published from January 2005 to August 2019 reporting tumor protein or RNA expression along with either outcomes (metastasis or death) or a comparison of primary with metastatic tumor samples. Inclusion criteria were met by 45 studies containing 81 comparisons of 44 distinct proteins and 25 microRNAs. On meta-analysis of studies analyzing primary tumor samples in terms of later outcomes, high primary tumor expression of PD-L1 (OR = 2.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-5.02, P = 0.030), EGFR (OR = 2.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.24-5.33, P = 0.011), and podoplanin (OR = 2.33, 95% confidence interval = 1.00-5.41, P = 0.049) conferred increased odds for metastasis. In comparison, metastatic tissue was more likely to have a high expression of PD-L1 than primary tissue (OR = 3.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.00-9.75, P = 0.049). Further studies are needed to confirm whether testing for PD-L1, EGFR, and podoplanin expression aids in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas prognostic estimation of metastasis or death or predicts response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Mulvaney
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul R Massey
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth K Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jack E Drinan
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chryslayne D Schmults
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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43
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Besson C, Moore A, Wu W, Vajdic CM, de Sanjose S, Camp NJ, Smedby KE, Shanafelt TD, Morton LM, Brewer JD, Zablotska L, Engels EA, Cerhan JR, Slager SL, Han J, Berndt SI. Common genetic polymorphisms contribute to the association between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-melanoma skin cancer. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1325-1334. [PMID: 33748835 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive association between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). We hypothesized that shared genetic risk factors between CLL and NMSC could contribute to the association observed between these diseases. METHODS We examined the association between (i) established NMSC susceptibility loci and CLL risk in a meta-analysis including 3100 CLL cases and 7667 controls and (ii) established CLL loci and NMSC risk in a study of 4242 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases, 825 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases and 12802 controls. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for CLL, BCC and SCC were constructed using established loci. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Higher CLL-PRS was associated with increased BCC risk (OR4th-quartile-vs-1st-quartile = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02-1.24, Ptrend = 0.009), even after removing the shared 6p25.3 locus. No association was observed with BCC-PRS and CLL risk (Ptrend = 0.68). These findings support a contributory role for CLL in BCC risk, but not for BCC in CLL risk. Increased CLL risk was observed with higher SCC-PRS (OR4th-quartile-vs-1st-quartile = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08-1.38, Ptrend = 1.36 × 10-5), which was driven by shared genetic susceptibility at the 6p25.3 locus. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the role of pleiotropy regarding the pathogenesis of CLL and NMSC and shows that a single pleiotropic locus, 6p25.3, drives the observed association between genetic susceptibility to SCC and increased CLL risk. The study also provides evidence that genetic susceptibility for CLL increases BCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Besson
- Service d'hématologie et Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Équipe "Exposome et Hérédité", CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Amy Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Claire M Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Nicola J Camp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tait D Shanafelt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jerry D Brewer
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lydia Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Service d'hématologie et Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Équipe "Exposome et Hérédité", CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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44
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Zhang G, Yan G, Fu Z, Wu Y, Wu F, Zheng Z, Fang S, Gao Y, Bao X, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhu S. Loss of retinoic acid receptor-related receptor alpha (Rorα) promotes the progression of UV-induced cSCC. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:247. [PMID: 33664254 PMCID: PMC7933246 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is prevalent in the world, accounting for a huge part of non-melanoma skin cancer. Most cSCCs are associated with a distinct pre-cancerous lesion, the actinic keratosis (AK). However, the progression trajectory from normal skin to AK and cSCC has not been fully demonstrated yet. To identify genes involved in this progression trajectory and possible therapeutic targets for cSCC, here we constructed a UV-induced cSCC mouse model covering the progression from normal skin to AK to cSCC, which mimicked the solar UV radiation perfectly using the solar-like ratio of UVA and UVB, firstly. Then, transcriptome analysis and a series of bioinformatics analyses and cell experiments proved that Rorα is a key transcript factor during cSCC progression. Rorα could downregulate the expressions of S100a9 and Sprr2f in cSCC cells, which can inhibit the proliferation and migration in cSCC cells, but not the normal keratinocyte. Finally, further animal experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of cSCC growth by Rorα in vivo. Our findings showed that Rorα would serve as a potential novel target for cSCC, which will facilitate the treatment of cSCC in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calgranulin B/genetics
- Calgranulin B/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins/genetics
- Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Keratosis, Actinic/etiology
- Keratosis, Actinic/genetics
- Keratosis, Actinic/metabolism
- Keratosis, Actinic/pathology
- Mice, Hairless
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/pathology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/deficiency
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/genetics
- Octamer Transcription Factors/genetics
- Octamer Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/etiology
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcriptome
- Ultraviolet Rays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Guorong Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Zhiliang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Shan Fang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Xunxia Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yeqiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Sibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Senkevich K, Bandres-Ciga S, Yu E, Liyanage UE, Noyce AJ, Gan-Or Z. No Evidence for a Causal Relationship Between Cancers and Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:801-809. [PMID: 33646179 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data suggest that cancer patients have a reduced risk of subsequent Parkinson's disease (PD) development, but the prevalence of PD in melanoma patients is often reported to be increased. Causal relationships between cancers and PD have not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE To study causal relationship between different cancers and PD. METHODS We used GWAS summary statistics of 15 different types of cancers and two-sample Mendelian randomization to study the causal relationship with PD. RESULTS There was no evidence to support a causal relationship between the studied cancers and PD. We also performed reverse analyses between PD and cancers with available full summary statistics (melanoma, breast, prostate, endometrial and keratinocyte cancers) and did not find evidence of causal relationship. CONCLUSION We found no evidence to support a causal relationship between cancers and PD and the previously reported associations could be a result of genetic pleiotropy, shared biology or biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Senkevich
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Yu
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Upekha E Liyanage
- Cancer and Population Studies group, Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Lin P, Zhu S, Zhang G, Huang Y, Tu P, Yang S, Li H. A nomogram predicting subclinical extension of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese individuals: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24767. [PMID: 33607825 PMCID: PMC7899850 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma usually extends beyond the visible margin. Little is known about the predictors for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with subclinical extension in Chinese individuals. This study aimed to construct a nomogram for predicting the probability of subclinical extension of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese patients.A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from Mohs micrographic surgery-treated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients at a single institution between December 1, 2009 and October 31, 2019. Subclinical extension was defined as a lesion requiring ≥ 2 Mohs stages or with final safe margins of ≥ 5 mm. A nomogram predicting the probability of subclinical extension was constructed using the predictors identified in multivariable analysis.Of 274 patients included, 119 (43.4%) had subclinical extension. In multivariable analysis, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-4.29; P = .002), lesions on mucocutaneous areas (OR, 3.71; 95% CI, 1.34-10.32; P = .012) and extremities (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.20-4.78; P = .013), maximum diameter of 10 to 19 mm (OR, 14.15; 95% CI, 4.24-47.28; P < .001), and 20 to 29 mm (OR, 9.21; 95% CI, 2.80-30.29; P < .001) were associated with subclinical extension. A nomogram incorporating these 3 variables demonstrated promising predictive ability (C statistics = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.89).The nomogram incorporating sex, tumor location, and maximum diameter can provide individualized prediction for subclinical extension in Chinese patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. This information may help surgeons determine appropriate margins at the first Mohs stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Lin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases
| | - Sainan Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanshen Huang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ping Tu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases
| | - Shuxia Yang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases
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Seviiri M, Law MH, Ong JS, Gharahkhani P, Nyholt DR, Olsen CM, Whiteman DC, MacGregor S. Polygenic Risk Scores Allow Risk Stratification for Keratinocyte Cancer in Organ-Transplant Recipients. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:325-333.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin Physiological and Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031104. [PMID: 33499346 PMCID: PMC7865493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in environmental responses and xenobiotic metabolism, as it controls the transcription profiles of several genes in a ligand-specific and cell-type-specific manner. Various barrier tissues, including skin, display the expression of AhR. Recent studies revealed multiple roles of AhR in skin physiology and disease, including melanogenesis, inflammation and cancer. Tryptophan metabolites are distinguished among the groups of natural and synthetic AhR ligands, and these include kynurenine, kynurenic acid and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ). Tryptophan derivatives can affect and regulate a variety of signaling pathways. Thus, the interest in how these substances influence physiological and pathological processes in the skin is expanding rapidly. The widespread presence of these substances and potential continuous exposure of the skin to their biological effects indicate the important role of AhR and its ligands in the prevention, pathogenesis and progression of skin diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of AhR in skin physiology. Moreover, we discuss the role of AhR in skin pathological processes, including inflammatory skin diseases, pigmentation disorders and cancer. Finally, the impact of FICZ, kynurenic acid, and kynurenine on physiological and pathological processes in the skin is considered. However, the mechanisms of how AhR regulates skin function require further investigation.
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Sawada Y, Mashima E, Saito-Sasaki N, Nakamura M. The Role of Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CADM1) in Cutaneous Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9732. [PMID: 33419290 PMCID: PMC7766610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion ability is one of the components to establish cell organization and shows a great contribution to human body construction consisting of various types of cells mixture to orchestrate tissue specific function. The cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) is a molecule of cell adhesion with multiple functions and has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene. CADM1 has multifunctions on the pathogenesis of malignancies, and other normal cells such as immune cells. However, little is known about the function of CADM1 on cutaneous cells and cutaneous malignancies. CADM1 plays an important role in connecting cells with each other, contacting cells to deliver their signal, and acting as a scaffolding molecule for other immune cells to develop their immune responses. A limited number of studies reveal the contribution of CADM1 on the development of cutaneous malignancies. Solid cutaneous malignancies, such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma, reduce their CADM1 expression to promote the invasion and metastasis of the tumor. On the contrary to these cutaneous solid tumors except for Merkel cell carcinoma, cutaneous lymphomas, such as adult-T cell leukemia/lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, and Sézary syndrome, increase their CADM1 expression for the development of tumor environment. Based on the role of CADM1 in the etiology of tumor development, the theory of CADM1 contribution will desirably be applied to skin tumors according to other organ malignancies, however, the characteristics of skin as a multicomponent peripheral organ should be kept in mind to conclude their prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (E.M.); (N.S.-S.); (M.N.)
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Genetic ancestry, skin pigmentation, and the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic white populations. Commun Biol 2020; 3:765. [PMID: 33318654 PMCID: PMC7736583 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common malignancies in individuals of European ancestry, the incidence of cSCC in Hispanic/Latinos is also increasing. cSCC has both a genetic and environmental etiology. Here, we examine the role of genetic ancestry, skin pigmentation, and sun exposure in Hispanic/Latinos and non-Hispanic whites on cSCC risk. We observe an increased cSCC risk with greater European ancestry (P = 1.27 × 10−42) within Hispanic/Latinos and with greater northern (P = 2.38 × 10−65) and western (P = 2.28 × 10−49) European ancestry within non-Hispanic whites. These associations are significantly, but not completely, attenuated after considering skin pigmentation-associated loci, history of actinic keratosis, and sun-protected versus sun-exposed anatomical sites. We also report an association of the well-known pigment variant Ala111Thr (rs1426654) at SLC24A5 with cSCC in Hispanic/Latinos. These findings demonstrate a strong correlation of northwestern European genetic ancestry with cSCC risk in both Hispanic/Latinos and non-Hispanic whites, largely but not entirely mediated through its impact on skin pigmentation. Eric Jorgenson and Hélène Choquet et al. find that northwestern European genetic ancestry is associated with increased risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in non-Hispanic whites, and more so in Hispanic/Latinos of the US. The ancestry effect is largely, but not entirely explained by genetic determinants of skin pigmentation in both populations.
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