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He K, Xiao H, MacDonald WA, Mehta I, Kishore A, Vincent A, Xu Z, Ray A, Chen W, Weaver CT, Lambrecht BN, Das J, Poholek AC. Spatial microniches of IL-2 combine with IL-10 to drive lung migratory T H2 cells in response to inhaled allergen. Nat Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41590-024-01986-8. [PMID: 39394532 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms that guide T helper 2 (TH2) cell differentiation in barrier tissues are unclear. Here we describe the molecular pathways driving allergen-specific TH2 cells using temporal, spatial and single-cell transcriptomic tracking of house dust mite-specific T cells in mice. Differentiation and migration of lung allergen-specific TH2 cells requires early expression of the transcriptional repressor Blimp-1. Loss of Blimp-1 during priming in the lymph node ablated the formation of TH2 cells in the lung, indicating early Blimp-1 promotes TH2 cells with migratory capability. IL-2/STAT5 signals and autocrine/paracrine IL-10 from house dust mite-specific T cells were essential for Blimp-1 and subsequent GATA3 upregulation through repression of Bcl6 and Bach2. Spatial microniches of IL-2 in the lymph node supported the earliest Blimp-1+TH2 cells, demonstrating lymph node localization is a driver of TH2 initiation. Our findings identify an early requirement for IL-2-mediated spatial microniches that integrate with allergen-driven IL-10 from responding T cells to drive allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun He
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hanxi Xiao
- Center for Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Joint CMU-Pitt PhD Program in Computational Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William A MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Health Sciences Sequencing Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Isha Mehta
- Center for Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Akash Kishore
- Center for Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Augusta Vincent
- Center for Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhongli Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jishnu Das
- Center for Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Sangani KA, Parker ME, Anderson HD, Chen L, Pandey SP, Pierre JF, Meisel M, Riesenfeld SJ, Hinterleitner R, Jabri B. Epigenetic control of commensal induced Th2 Responses and Intestinal immunopathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.30.610485. [PMID: 39257820 PMCID: PMC11383986 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.30.610485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the initiation of T-helper (Th)-2 immunity is crucial for addressing allergic diseases that have been linked to the commensal microbiota. However, Th2 responses are notably absent from known host-microbiota intestinal immune circuits. Notably, the commensal protist Tritrichomonas induces a transient innate ILC2 circuit rather than a chronic Th2 circuit. Canonical Th2 responses rely on the induction of IL-4 production by innate cells. This study shows that the absence of Tet2 , a DNA demethylase, reprograms naïve T cells to autonomously produce IL-4 upon T cell receptor stimulation, bypassing the need for IL-4 from innate cells for Th2 differentiation. Loss of this checkpoint induces chronic Th2 responses to Tritrichomonas , associated with IL-25-dependent barrier dysfunction and increased susceptibility to allergic pathology in response to dietary antigens. Sentence Summary Regulation of cell autonomous IL-4 in T cells is critical to prevent dysregulated Th2 immunity to commensals and predisposition to allergy.
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3
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Rothenberg-Lausell C, David E, Del Duca E, Da Rosa JC, Dahabreh D, Gómez-Arias PJ, Catlin E, Nandymazumdar M, Järvinen KM, Guttman-Yassky E. Skin tape-strips in old order Mennonite toddlers reveal upregulated barrier markers and low T-helper inflammatory tone. Allergy 2024; 79:2012-2015. [PMID: 38814244 PMCID: PMC11236509 DOI: 10.1111/all.16154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Rothenberg-Lausell
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Eden David
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Dermatology, University of La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Joel Correa Da Rosa
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dante Dahabreh
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Pedro Jesús Gómez-Arias
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Dermatology and Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases Research Group, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Catlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Monali Nandymazumdar
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kirsi M. Järvinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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4
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Oliva M, Sarkar MK, March ME, Saeidian AH, Mentch FD, Hsieh CL, Tang F, Uppala R, Patrick MT, Li Q, Bogle R, Kahlenberg JM, Watson D, Glessner JT, Tsoi LC, Hakonarson H, Gudjonsson JE, Smith KM, Riley-Gillis B. Multi-ancestry Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis Identifies Novel Loci in Atopic Dermatitis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.17.24308897. [PMID: 38946956 PMCID: PMC11213042 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.24308897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly heritable and common inflammatory skin condition affecting children and adults worldwide. Multi-ancestry approaches to AD genetic association studies are poised to boost power to detect genetic signal and identify ancestry-specific loci contributing to AD risk. Here, we present a multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of twelve AD cohorts from five ancestral populations totaling 56,146 cases and 602,280 controls. We report 101 genomic loci associated with AD, including 15 loci that have not been previously associated with AD or eczema. Fine-mapping, QTL colocalization, and cell-type enrichment analyses identified genes and cell types implicated in AD pathophysiology. Functional analyses in keratinocytes provide evidence for genes that could play a role in AD through epidermal barrier function. Our study provides new insights into the etiology of AD by harnessing multiple genetic and functional approaches to unveil the mechanisms by which AD-associated variants impact genes and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Oliva
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Chen-Lin Hsieh
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Fanying Tang
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | | | | | - Qinmengge Li
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | | | | | - Deborah Watson
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Lam C. Tsoi
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Gonzalez-Avalos E, Onodera A, Samaniego-Castruita D, Rao A, Ay F. Predicting gene expression state and prioritizing putative enhancers using 5hmC signal. Genome Biol 2024; 25:142. [PMID: 38825692 PMCID: PMC11145787 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like its parent base 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a direct epigenetic modification of cytosines in the context of CpG dinucleotides. 5hmC is the most abundant oxidized form of 5mC, generated through the action of TET dioxygenases at gene bodies of actively-transcribed genes and at active or lineage-specific enhancers. Although such enrichments are reported for 5hmC, to date, predictive models of gene expression state or putative regulatory regions for genes using 5hmC have not been developed. RESULTS Here, by using only 5hmC enrichment in genic regions and their vicinity, we develop neural network models that predict gene expression state across 49 cell types. We show that our deep neural network models distinguish high vs low expression state utilizing only 5hmC levels and these predictive models generalize to unseen cell types. Further, in order to leverage 5hmC signal in distal enhancers for expression prediction, we employ an Activity-by-Contact model and also develop a graph convolutional neural network model with both utilizing Hi-C data and 5hmC enrichment to prioritize enhancer-promoter links. These approaches identify known and novel putative enhancers for key genes in multiple immune cell subsets. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlights the importance of 5hmC in gene regulation through proximal and distal mechanisms and provides a framework to link it to genome function. With the recent advances in 6-letter DNA sequencing by short and long-read techniques, profiling of 5mC and 5hmC may be done routinely in the near future, hence, providing a broad range of applications for the methods developed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edahi Gonzalez-Avalos
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Daniela Samaniego-Castruita
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anjana Rao
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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6
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Ochiai K, Shima H, Tamahara T, Sugie N, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Kurosaki T, Igarashi K. Accelerated plasma-cell differentiation in Bach2-deficient mouse B cells is caused by altered IRF4 functions. EMBO J 2024; 43:1947-1964. [PMID: 38605225 PMCID: PMC11099079 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors BACH2 and IRF4 are both essential for antibody class-switch recombination (CSR) in activated B lymphocytes, while they oppositely regulate the differentiation of plasma cells (PCs). Here, we investigated how BACH2 and IRF4 interact during CSR and plasma-cell differentiation. We found that BACH2 organizes heterochromatin formation of target gene loci in mouse splenic B cells, including targets of IRF4 activation such as Aicda, an inducer of CSR, and Prdm1, a master plasma-cell regulator. Release of these gene loci from heterochromatin in response to B-cell receptor stimulation was coupled to AKT-mTOR pathway activation. In Bach2-deficient B cells, PC genes' activation depended on IRF4 protein accumulation, without an increase in Irf4 mRNA. Mechanistically, a PU.1-IRF4 heterodimer in activated B cells promoted BACH2 function by inducing gene expression of Bach2 and Pten, a negative regulator of AKT signaling. Elevated AKT activity in Bach2-deficient B cells resulted in IRF4 protein accumulation. Thus, BACH2 and IRF4 mutually modulate the activity of each other, and BACH2 inhibits PC differentiation by both the repression of PC genes and the restriction of IRF4 protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ochiai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Tamahara
- Division of Community Oral Health Science, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Nao Sugie
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Lymhocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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7
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Xiang M, Li H, Zhan Y, Ma D, Gao Q, Fang Y. Functional CRISPR screens in T cells reveal new opportunities for cancer immunotherapies. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:73. [PMID: 38581063 PMCID: PMC10996278 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are fundamental components in tumour immunity and cancer immunotherapies, which have made immense strides and revolutionized cancer treatment paradigm. However, recent studies delineate the predicament of T cell dysregulation in tumour microenvironment and the compromised efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. CRISPR screens enable unbiased interrogation of gene function in T cells and have revealed functional determinators, genetic regulatory networks, and intercellular interactions in T cell life cycle, thereby providing opportunities to revamp cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we briefly described the central roles of T cells in successful cancer immunotherapies, comprehensively summarised the studies of CRISPR screens in T cells, elaborated resultant master genes that control T cell activation, proliferation, fate determination, effector function, and exhaustion, and highlighted genes (BATF, PRDM1, and TOX) and signalling cascades (JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways) that extensively engage in multiple branches of T cell responses. In conclusion, this review bridged the gap between discovering element genes to a specific process of T cell activities and apprehending these genes in the global T cell life cycle, deepened the understanding of T cell biology in tumour immunity, and outlined CRISPR screens resources that might facilitate the development and implementation of cancer immunotherapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huayi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Lyons-Cohen MR, Shamskhou EA, Gerner MY. Site-specific regulation of Th2 differentiation within lymph node microenvironments. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231282. [PMID: 38442268 PMCID: PMC10912907 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
T helper 2 (Th2) responses protect against pathogens while also driving allergic inflammation, yet how large-scale Th2 responses are generated in tissue context remains unclear. Here, we used quantitative imaging to investigate early Th2 differentiation within lymph nodes (LNs) following cutaneous allergen administration. Contrary to current models, we observed extensive activation and "macro-clustering" of early Th2 cells with migratory type-2 dendritic cells (cDC2s), generating specialized Th2-promoting microenvironments. Macro-clustering was integrin-mediated and promoted localized cytokine exchange among T cells to reinforce differentiation, which contrasted the behavior during Th1 responses. Unexpectedly, formation of Th2 macro-clusters was dependent on the site of skin sensitization. Differences between sites were driven by divergent activation states of migratory cDC2 from different dermal tissues, with enhanced costimulatory molecule expression by cDC2 in Th2-generating LNs promoting prolonged T cell activation, macro-clustering, and cytokine sensing. Thus, the generation of dedicated Th2 priming microenvironments through enhanced costimulatory molecule signaling initiates Th2 responses in vivo and occurs in a skin site-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R. Lyons-Cohen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elya A. Shamskhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Y. Gerner
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Folkertsma R, Charbonnel N, Henttonen H, Heroldová M, Huitu O, Kotlík P, Manzo E, Paijmans JLA, Plantard O, Sándor AD, Hofreiter M, Eccard JA. Genomic signatures of climate adaptation in bank voles. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10886. [PMID: 38455148 PMCID: PMC10918726 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence for divergent selection and adaptive variation across the landscape can provide insight into a species' ability to adapt to different environments. However, despite recent advances in genomics, it remains difficult to detect the footprints of climate-mediated selection in natural populations. Here, we analysed ddRAD sequencing data (21,892 SNPs) in conjunction with geographic climate variation to search for signatures of adaptive differentiation in twelve populations of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) distributed across Europe. To identify the loci subject to selection associated with climate variation, we applied multiple genotype-environment association methods, two univariate and one multivariate, and controlled for the effect of population structure. In total, we identified 213 candidate loci for adaptation, 74 of which were located within genes. In particular, we identified signatures of selection in candidate genes with functions related to lipid metabolism and the immune system. Using the results of redundancy analysis, we demonstrated that population history and climate have joint effects on the genetic variation in the pan-European metapopulation. Furthermore, by examining only candidate loci, we found that annual mean temperature is an important factor shaping adaptive genetic variation in the bank vole. By combining landscape genomic approaches, our study sheds light on genome-wide adaptive differentiation and the spatial distribution of variants underlying adaptive variation influenced by local climate in bank voles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco Folkertsma
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Comparative Cognition Unit, Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Marta Heroldová
- Department of Forest Ecology, FFWTMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Otso Huitu
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandHelsinkiFinland
| | - Petr Kotlík
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsCzech Academy of SciencesLiběchovCzech Republic
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Fondazione Ethoikos, Convento dell'OsservanzaRadicondoliItaly
| | - Johanna L. A. Paijmans
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Present address:
Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Attila D. Sándor
- HUN‐RENClimate Change: New Blood‐Sucking Parasites and Vector‐Borne Pathogens Research GroupBudapestHungary
- Department of Parasitology and ZoologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineBudapestHungary
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic DiseasesUniversity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Jana A. Eccard
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of ScienceBerlin‐Brandenburg Institute for Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
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10
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Choi J, Crotty S, Choi YS. Cytokines in Follicular Helper T Cell Biology in Physiologic and Pathologic Conditions. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e8. [PMID: 38455461 PMCID: PMC10917579 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) play a crucial role in generating high-affinity antibodies (Abs) and establishing immunological memory. Cytokines, among other functional molecules produced by Tfh, are central to germinal center (GC) reactions. This review focuses on the role of cytokines, including IL-21 and IL-4, in regulating B cell responses within the GC, such as differentiation, affinity maturation, and plasma cell development. Additionally, this review explores the impact of other cytokines like CXCL13, IL-10, IL-9, and IL-2 on GC responses and their potential involvement in autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer. This review highlights contributions of Tfh-derived cytokines to both protective immunity and immunopathology across a spectrum of diseases. A deeper understanding of Tfh cytokine biology holds promise for insights into biomedical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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11
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Zhou J, Xu M, Chen Z, Huang L, Wu Z, Huang Z, Liu L. circ_SPEF2 Regulates the Balance of Treg Cells by Regulating miR-16-5p/BACH2 in Lymphoma and Participates in the Immune Response. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:1145-1159. [PMID: 37801226 PMCID: PMC10645944 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of action of the newly discovered hsa_circ_0128899 (circSPEF2) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS circSPEF2, miR-16-5p and BTB and CNC homologue 2 (BACH2) expression patterns in DLBCL patients and cell lines were studied by RT-qPCR. The biological function of circSPEF2 in vitro and in vivo was investigated by function acquisition experiments. The proliferation activity of lymphoma cells was detected by MTT. Bax, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 were determined by Western Blot. Apoptosis and the ratio of CD4 to Treg of immune cells in the co-culture system were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mechanism of action of circSPEF2 in DLBCL progression was further investigated by RIP and dual luciferase reporter experiments. RESULTS circSPEF2 was a circRNA with abnormally down-regulated expression in DLBCL. Increasing circSPEF2 expression inhibited the proliferative activity and induced apoptosis of lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as increased CD4+T cells and decreased Treg cell proportion of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Mechanically, circSPEF2 was bound to miR-16-5p expression, while BACH2 was targeted by miR-16-5p. circSPEF2 overexpression-mediated effects on lymphoma progression were reversible by upregulating miR-16-5p or downregulating BACH2. CONCLUSIONS circSPEF2 can influence DLBCL progression by managing cellular proliferation and apoptosis and the proportion of immune cells Treg and CD4 through the miR-16-5p/BACH2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - ZhaoZhao Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - LinLin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - ZhuoLin Wu
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - ZhongPei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
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12
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Trujillo-Ochoa JL, Kazemian M, Afzali B. The role of transcription factors in shaping regulatory T cell identity. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:842-856. [PMID: 37336954 PMCID: PMC10893967 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein 3-expressing (FOXP3+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) suppress conventional T cells and are essential for immunological tolerance. FOXP3, the master transcription factor of Treg cells, controls the expression of multiples genes to guide Treg cell differentiation and function. However, only a small fraction (<10%) of Treg cell-associated genes are directly bound by FOXP3, and FOXP3 alone is insufficient to fully specify the Treg cell programme, indicating a role for other accessory transcription factors operating upstream, downstream and/or concurrently with FOXP3 to direct Treg cell specification and specialized functions. Indeed, the heterogeneity of Treg cells can be at least partially attributed to differential expression of transcription factors that fine-tune their trafficking, survival and functional properties, some of which are niche-specific. In this Review, we discuss the emerging roles of accessory transcription factors in controlling Treg cell identity. We specifically focus on members of the basic helix-loop-helix family (AHR), basic leucine zipper family (BACH2, NFIL3 and BATF), CUT homeobox family (SATB1), zinc-finger domain family (BLIMP1, Ikaros and BCL-11B) and interferon regulatory factor family (IRF4), as well as lineage-defining transcription factors (T-bet, GATA3, RORγt and BCL-6). Understanding the imprinting of Treg cell identity and specialized function will be key to unravelling basic mechanisms of autoimmunity and identifying novel targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Trujillo-Ochoa
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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13
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Zhu N, Hu L, Hu W, Li Q, Mao H, Wang M, Ke Z, Qi L, Wang J. Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of mRNA and lncRNA of Mouse Spleens Inoculated with the Group ACYW135 Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1295. [PMID: 37631863 PMCID: PMC10458039 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Group ACYW135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPV-ACYW135) is a classical common vaccine used to prevent Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, and W135, but studies on the vaccine at the transcriptional level are still limited. In the present study, mRNAs and lncRNAs related to immunity were screened from the spleens of mice inoculated with MPV-ACYW135 and compared with the control group to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in the immune response. The result revealed 34375 lncRNAs and 41321 mRNAs, including 405 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 52 DE mRNAs between the MPV group and the control group. Results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis turned out that the main pathways related to the immunity of target genes of those DE mRNAs and DE lncRNAs were largely associated with positive regulation of T cell activation, CD8-positive immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue, alpha-beta T cell proliferation, negative regulation of CD4-positive, and negative regulation of interleukin-17 production, suggesting that the antigens of MPV-ACYW135 capsular polysaccharide might activate T cell related immune reaction in the vaccine inoculation. In addition, it was noted that Bach2 (BTB and CNC homolog 2), the target gene of lncRNA MSTRG.17645, was involved in the regulation of immune response in MPV-ACYW135 vaccination. This study provided a preliminary catalog of both mRNAs and lncRNAs associated with the proliferation and differentiation of body immune cells, which was worthy of further research to enhance the understanding of the biological immune process regulated by MPV-ACYW135.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
- Aimei Vacin BioPharm (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Liping Hu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
- Aimei Vacin BioPharm (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Wenlong Hu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
- Aimei Vacin BioPharm (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
- Aimei Vacin BioPharm (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Haiguang Mao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
| | - Mengting Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
| | - Zhijian Ke
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
| | - Lili Qi
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
| | - Jinbo Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
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14
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Lyons-Cohen MR, Shamskhou EA, Gerner MY. Prolonged T cell - DC macro-clustering within lymph node microenvironments initiates Th2 cell differentiation in a site-specific manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.07.547554. [PMID: 37461439 PMCID: PMC10350056 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.547554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Formation of T helper 2 (Th2) responses has been attributed to low-grade T cell stimulation, yet how large-scale polyclonal Th2 responses are generated in vivo remains unclear. Here, we used quantitative imaging to investigate early Th2 differentiation within lymph nodes (LNs) following cutaneous allergen administration. Contrary to current models, Th2 differentiation was associated with enhanced T cell activation and extensive integrin-dependent 'macro-clustering' at the T-B border, which also contrasted clustering behavior seen during Th1 differentiation. Unexpectedly, formation of Th2 macro-clusters within LNs was highly dependent on the site of skin sensitization. Differences between sites were driven by divergent activation states of migratory cDC2 from different dermal tissues, with enhanced costimulatory molecule expression by cDC2 in Th2-generating LNs promoting T cell macro-clustering and cytokine sensing. Thus, generation of dedicated priming micro-environments through enhanced costimulatory molecule signaling initiates the generation of Th2 responses in vivo and occurs in a skin site-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elya A. Shamskhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Y. Gerner
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Song Q, Mao X, Jing M, Fu Y, Yan W. Pathophysiological role of BACH transcription factors in digestive system diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1121353. [PMID: 37228820 PMCID: PMC10203417 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1121353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BTB and CNC homologous (BACH) proteins, including BACH1 and BACH2, are transcription factors that are widely expressed in human tissues. BACH proteins form heterodimers with small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (MAF) proteins to suppress the transcription of target genes. Furthermore, BACH1 promotes the transcription of target genes. BACH proteins regulate physiological processes, such as the differentiation of B cells and T cells, mitochondrial function, and heme homeostasis as well as pathogenesis related to inflammation, oxidative-stress damage caused by drugs, toxicants, or infections; autoimmunity disorders; and cancer angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, chemotherapy resistance, progression, and metabolism. In this review, we discuss the function of BACH proteins in the digestive system, including the liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and pancreas. BACH proteins directly target genes or indirectly regulate downstream molecules to promote or inhibit biological phenomena such as inflammation, tumor angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BACH proteins are also regulated by proteins, miRNAs, LncRNAs, labile iron, and positive and negative feedback. Additionally, we summarize a list of regulators targeting these proteins. Our review provides a reference for future studies on targeted drugs in digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianben Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengjia Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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16
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Zhou L, Sun G, Chen R, Chen J, Fang S, Xu Q, Tang W, Dai R, Zhang Z, An Y, Tang X, Zhao X. An early-onset SLE patient with a novel paternal inherited BACH2 mutation. J Clin Immunol 2023:10.1007/s10875-023-01506-7. [PMID: 37148421 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACH2-related immunodeficiency and autoimmunity (BRIDA) is an inborn error of immunity, newly reported in 2017, presenting with symptoms of immunoglobulin deficiency and ongoing colitis. Studies using a mouse model have demonstrated that BACH2 deficiency predisposes individuals to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, no BACH2 deficiency has been reported in SLE patients. Here we describe a patient with BRIDA presenting with early-onset SLE, juvenile dermatomyositis, and IgA deficiency. Whole exome sequencing analysis of the patient and her parents revealed a novel heterozygous point mutation in BACH2, c.G1727T, resulting in substitution of a highly conserved arginine with leucine (R576L), which is predicted to be deleterious, in the patient and her father. Reduced BACH2 expression and deficient transcriptional repression of the BACH2 target, BLIMP1, were detected in PBMCs or lymphoblastoid cell lines of our patient. Notably, extreme reduction of memory B cells was detected in the patient's father, although he had no obvious symptoms. SLE symptoms and recurrent fever were relieved by treatment with prednisone combined with tofacitinib. Thus, we present the second report of BRIDA and demonstrate that BACH2 may be a monogenic cause of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gan Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuyu Fang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiling Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongxin Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfei An
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Pham D, Silberger DJ, Nguyen KN, Gao M, Weaver CT, Hatton RD. Batf stabilizes Th17 cell development via impaired Stat5 recruitment of Ets1-Runx1 complexes. EMBO J 2023; 42:e109803. [PMID: 36917143 PMCID: PMC10106990 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the activator protein-1 (AP-1) factor Batf is required for Th17 cell development, its mechanisms of action to underpin the Th17 program are incompletely understood. Here, we find that Batf ensures Th17 cell identity in part by restricting alternative gene programs through its actions to restrain IL-2 expression and IL-2-induced Stat5 activation. This, in turn, limits Stat5-dependent recruitment of Ets1-Runx1 factors to Th1- and Treg-cell-specific gene loci. Thus, in addition to pioneering regulatory elements in Th17-specific loci, Batf acts indirectly to inhibit the assembly of a Stat5-Ets1-Runx1 complex that enhances the transcription of Th1- and Treg-cell-specific genes. These findings unveil an important role for Stat5-Ets1-Runx1 interactions in transcriptional networks that define alternate T cell fates and indicate that Batf plays an indispensable role in both inducing and maintaining the Th17 program through its actions to regulate the competing actions of Stat5-assembled enhanceosomes that promote Th1- and Treg-cell developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Pham
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Daniel J Silberger
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Kim N Nguyen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Min Gao
- Informatics InstituteUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Robin D Hatton
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
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18
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Nettersheim FS, Ghosheh Y, Winkels H, Kobiyama K, Durant C, Armstrong SS, Brunel S, Roy P, Dileepan T, Jenkins MK, Zajonc DM, Ley K. Single-cell transcriptomes and T cell receptors of vaccine-expanded apolipoprotein B-specific T cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1076808. [PMID: 36684560 PMCID: PMC9849899 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1076808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death worldwide. CD4 T cells responding to Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), the core protein of most lipoproteins, have been identified as critical disease modulators. In healthy individuals, ApoB-reactive (ApoB+) CD4 T cells are mostly regulatory T cells (Tregs), which exert anti-inflammatory effects. Yet, they may obtain pro-inflammatory features and thus become proatherogenic. Evidence from animal studies suggests that vaccination against certain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II-binding ApoB peptides induces an expansion of ApoB+ Tregs and thus confers atheroprotection. To date, in-depth phenotyping of vaccine-expanded ApoB+ T cells has not yet been performed. To this end, we vaccinated C57BL/6J mice with the ApoB-peptide P6 (ApoB978-993 TGAYSNASSTESASY) and performed single-cell RNA sequencing of tetramer-sorted P6+ T cells. P6+ cells were clonally expanded (one major, two minor clones) and formed a transcriptional cluster distinct from clusters mainly containing non-expanded P6+ and P6- cells. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that most expanded P6+ cells had a strong Treg signature and highly expressed genes mediating suppressive functions. Yet, some expanded P6+ cells only had a residual Treg signature and expressed genes related to T helper 1 (TH1) cells, which are proatherogenic. Modeling the T cell receptor (TCR) and P6:MHC-II interaction showed that only three amino acid residues in the α and β chain contact the P6 peptide in the MHC-II groove and thus determine the specificity of this TCR to P6. Our data begin to reveal the vaccination-induced response to an ApoB epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Sebastian Nettersheim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanal Ghosheh
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Holger Winkels
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Simon Brunel
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Payel Roy
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Thamotharampillai Dileepan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Marc K. Jenkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Dirk M. Zajonc
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Immunology Center of Georgia (IMMCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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19
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Wang YH, Noyer L, Kahlfuss S, Raphael D, Tao AY, Kaufmann U, Zhu J, Mitchell-Flack M, Sidhu I, Zhou F, Vaeth M, Thomas PG, Saunders SP, Stauderman K, Curotto de Lafaille MA, Feske S. Distinct roles of ORAI1 in T cell-mediated allergic airway inflammation and immunity to influenza A virus infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6552. [PMID: 36206339 PMCID: PMC9544339 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
T cell activation and function depend on Ca2+ signals mediated by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels formed by ORAI1 proteins. We here investigated how SOCE controls T cell function in pulmonary inflammation during a T helper 1 (TH1) cell-mediated response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection and TH2 cell-mediated allergic airway inflammation. T cell-specific deletion of Orai1 did not exacerbate pulmonary inflammation and viral burdens following IAV infection but protected mice from house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation. ORAI1 controlled the expression of genes including p53 and E2F transcription factors that regulate the cell cycle in TH2 cells in response to allergen stimulation and the expression of transcription factors and cytokines that regulate TH2 cell function. Systemic application of a CRAC channel blocker suppressed allergic airway inflammation without compromising immunity to IAV infection, suggesting that inhibition of SOCE is a potential treatment for allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hu Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lucile Noyer
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dimitrius Raphael
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anthony Y. Tao
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ulrike Kaufmann
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jingjie Zhu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marisa Mitchell-Flack
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ikjot Sidhu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Martin Vaeth
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sean P. Saunders
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Maria A. Curotto de Lafaille
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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20
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Zhang P, Liu L, Lai X, Chen R, Guo Y, JunjieMa, Chen W, Chen Z. Ablation of Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor ATF-Like Potentiates Estradiol to Induce Atopic Dermatitis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7024669. [PMID: 36160706 PMCID: PMC9507764 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7024669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory and immune skin disorder. Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like (BATF) plays a key role in regulating the differentiation and functions of lymphocytes. However, the mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of BATF on AD is still not well understood. Methods BATF knockout (BATF-/-) and C57BL/6(B6) mice were used for the development of spontaneous dermatitis. 17β-Estradiol was injected intraperitoneally to induce AD. The lesioned tail skin of the mice was stained with hematoxylin and eosin to analyze the pathological characteristics. Impaired skin barrier function was assessed by measuring the transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The skin epithelial barrier indicators and cytokine mRNA levels were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. The total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). T lymphocytes were analyzed using flow cytometry. Results Ablation of BATF led to the spontaneous development of AD only in female mice and not in male mice. BATF deletion led to elevated serum levels of IgE and increased infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes and promoted cytokine production including IL-4, IL-22, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the lesioned tail skin of the mice. The mRNA expression levels of filaggrin and loricrin significantly decreased, while S100A8 and S100A9 increased in female BATF-/- mice. BATF-deficient female mice were found to increase proliferation and IL-5 production by skin-infiltrating CD4+ T cells which implies Th2 activation. Moreover, AD was successfully induced only in the estradiol-treated BATF-deficient male mice and not in WT male mice. Estradiol enhanced the allergic and immunological responses to dermatitis primarily by triggering Th2-type immune responses via enhanced serum IgE and inflammatory cytokine levels in the male BATF-/- mice. Conclusion The study concluded that BATF potentiates estradiol to induce mouse atopic dermatitis via potentiating inflammatory cytokine releases and Th2-type immune responses and may have important clinical implications for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511447 Guangdong, China
| | - Luhao Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511447 Guangdong, China
| | - Xingqiang Lai
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511447 Guangdong, China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511447 Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhe Guo
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511447 Guangdong, China
| | - JunjieMa
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511447 Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511447 Guangdong, China
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21
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Shinton SA, Brill-Dashoff J, Hayakawa K. Pla2g2a promotes innate Th2-type immunity lymphocytes to increase B1a cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14899. [PMID: 36050343 PMCID: PMC9437038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborns require early generation of effective innate immunity as a primary physiological mechanism for survival. The neonatal Lin28+Let7– developmental pathway allows increased generation of Th2-type cells and B1a (B-1 B) cells compared to adult cells and long-term maintenance of these initially generated innate cells. For initial B1a cell growth from the neonatal to adult stage, Th2-type IL-5 production from ILC2s and NKT2 cells is important to increase B1a cells. The Th17 increase is dependent on extracellular bacteria, and increased bacteria leads to lower Th2-type generation. Secreted group IIA-phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) from the Pla2g2a gene can bind to gram-positive bacteria and degrade bacterial membranes, controlling microbiota in the intestine. BALB/c mice are Pla2g2a+, and express high numbers of Th2-type cells and B1a cells. C57BL/6 mice are Pla2g2a-deficient and distinct from the SLAM family, and exhibit fewer NKT2 cells and fewer B1a cells from the neonatal to adult stage. We found that loss of Pla2g2a in the BALB/c background decreased IL-5 from Th2-type ILC2s and NKT2s but increased bacterial-reactive NKT17 cells and MAIT cells, and decreased the number of early-generated B1a cells and MZ B cells and the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio. Low IL-5 by decreased Th2-type cells in Pla2g2a loss led to low early-generated B1a cell growth from the neonatal to adult stage. In anti-thymocyte/Thy-1 autoreactive μκ transgenic (ATAμκ Tg) Pla2g2a+ BALB/c background C.B17 mice generated NKT2 cells that continuously control CD1d+ B1 B cells through old aging and lost CD1d in B1 B cells generating strong B1 ATA B cell leukemia/lymphoma. Pla2g2a-deficient ATAμκTg C57BL/6 mice suppressed the initial B1a cell increase, with low/negative spontaneous leukemia/lymphoma generation. These data confirmed that the presence of Pla2g2a to control bacteria is important to allow the neonatal to adult stage. Pla2g2a promotes innate Th2-type immunity lymphocytes to increase early generated B1a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Shinton
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | | | - Kyoko Hayakawa
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
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22
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Contreras A, Wiesner DL, Kingstad-Bakke B, Lee W, Svaren JP, Klein BS, Suresh M. BACH2 in TRegs Limits the Number of Adipose Tissue Regulatory T Cells and Restrains Type 2 Immunity to Fungal Allergens. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6789055. [PMID: 36033397 PMCID: PMC9410868 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6789055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for self-tolerance and moderating tissue-damaging inflammation. Tregs that develop and mature in the thymus are classified as central Tregs or effector Tregs based on whether Tregs predominately inhabit secondary lymphoid organs (central Tregs) or tissues (effector Tregs). By generating mice that are conditionally deficient for Bach2 in peripheral Tregs, we have examined the role of Bach2 in regulating Treg homeostasis and effector functions. Unlike global and T cell-specific Bach2-deficient mice, Treg-specific Bach2 ablation did not result in unprovoked TH2 inflammation in the lungs. However, Bach2 deficiency in Tregs led to augmented expressions of IRF4, BATF, and GATA3 and a significant increase in the accumulation of ST2 (IL-33R)+ve effector Tregs in the spleen and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) but not in the lungs. Enhanced Bach2-deficient Treg numbers in VAT was not linked to hyperresponsiveness to exogenous IL-33 in vivo. Most strikingly, Treg-specific Bach2 deficiency resulted in enhanced fungal protease-induced Type 2 allergic inflammation in the lungs, with no detectable effects on Type 1 responses to systemic or respiratory viral infections. In summary, we ascribe vital roles for Bach2 in peripheral Tregs: as a transcriptional checkpoint to limit precocious differentiation into effector Tregs in lymphoid tissues and as a regulator of the functional program that restrains Type 2 but not Type 1 inflammation in lungs. Results presented in this manuscript implicate dysregulated Tregs in the pathogenesis of airway hypersensitivities, asthma, and other allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Contreras
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706 WI, USA
| | - Darin L. Wiesner
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706 WI, USA
| | - Brock Kingstad-Bakke
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706 WI, USA
| | - Woojong Lee
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706 WI, USA
| | - John P. Svaren
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706 WI, USA
| | - Bruce S. Klein
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706 WI, USA
| | - M. Suresh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706 WI, USA
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23
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Portelli MA, Rakkar K, Hu S, Guo Y, Adcock IM, Sayers I. Translational Analysis of Moderate to Severe Asthma GWAS Signals Into Candidate Causal Genes and Their Functional, Tissue-Dependent and Disease-Related Associations. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 2:738741. [PMID: 35386986 PMCID: PMC8974692 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.738741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma affects more than 300 million people globally and is both under diagnosed and under treated. The most recent and largest genome-wide association study investigating moderate to severe asthma to date was carried out in 2019 and identified 25 independent signals. However, as new and in-depth downstream databases become available, the translational analysis of these signals into target genes and pathways is timely. In this study, unique (U-BIOPRED) and publicly available datasets (HaploReg, Open Target Genetics and GTEx) were investigated for the 25 GWAS signals to identify 37 candidate causal genes. Additional traits associated with these signals were identified through PheWAS using the UK Biobank resource, with asthma and eosinophilic traits amongst the strongest associated. Gene expression omnibus dataset examination identified 13 candidate genes with altered expression profiles in the airways and blood of asthmatic subjects, including MUC5AC and STAT6. Gene expression analysis through publicly available datasets highlighted lung tissue cell specific expression, with both MUC5AC and SLC22A4 genes showing enriched expression in ciliated cells. Gene enrichment pathway and interaction analysis highlighted the dominance of the HLA-DQA1/A2/B1/B2 gene cluster across many immunological diseases including asthma, type I diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Interaction and prediction analyses found IL33 and IL18R1 to be key co-localization partners for other genes, predicted that CD274 forms co-expression relationships with 13 other genes, including the HLA-DQA1/A2/B1/B2 gene cluster and that MUC5AC and IL37 are co-expressed. Drug interaction analysis revealed that 11 of the candidate genes have an interaction with available therapeutics. This study provides significant insight into these GWAS signals in the context of cell expression, function, and disease relationship with the view of informing future research and drug development efforts for moderate-severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Portelli
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kamini Rakkar
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sile Hu
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yike Guo
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- The National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sayers
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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24
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Bach2: A Key Regulator in Th2-Related Immune Cells and Th2 Immune Response. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2814510. [PMID: 35313725 PMCID: PMC8934237 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2814510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Th2 immune response is essential for providing protection against pathogens and orchestrating humoral immunity. However, excessive Th2 immune response leads to the pathogenesis of Th2 inflammation diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Emerging evidence suggest a critical role of the transcription factor Bach2 in regulating Th2 immune responses. Bach2 serves as a super enhancer and transcriptional repressor to control the differentiation and maturation of Th2-related immune cells such as B cell lineages and T cell lineages. In B cells, Bach2 is required for every stage of B cell development and can delay the class switch recombination and antibody-producing plasma cell differentiation. In T cell lineages, Bach2 suppresses the CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th2 cells, restrains Th2 cytokine production, and promotes the generation and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells to balance the immune activity. Furthermore, studies in various animal models show that Bach2 knockout animals spontaneously develop Th2 inflammation in the airway and gastrointestinal tract. Genome-wide association studies have identified various susceptibility loci of Bach2 which are linked with Th2 inflammatory diseases such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we discuss the critical role of Bach2 involved in the Th2 immune response and associated inflammatory diseases.
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25
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Tsao HW, Kaminski J, Kurachi M, Barnitz RA, DiIorio MA, LaFleur MW, Ise W, Kurosaki T, Wherry EJ, Haining WN, Yosef N. Batf-mediated epigenetic control of effector CD8 + T cell differentiation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi4919. [PMID: 35179948 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The response of naive CD8+ T cells to their cognate antigen involves rapid and broad changes to gene expression that are coupled with extensive chromatin remodeling, but the mechanisms governing these changes are not fully understood. Here, we investigated how these changes depend on the basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor Batf, which is essential for the early phases of the process. Through genome scale profiling, we characterized the role of Batf in chromatin organization at several levels, including the accessibility of key regulatory regions, the expression of their nearby genes, and the interactions that these regions form with each other and with key transcription factors. We identified a core network of transcription factors that cooperated with Batf, including Irf4, Runx3, and T-bet, as indicated by their colocalization with Batf and their binding in regions whose accessibility, interactions, and expression of nearby genes depend on Batf. We demonstrated the synergistic activity of this network by overexpressing the different combinations of these genes in fibroblasts. Batf and Irf4, but not Batf alone, were sufficient to increase accessibility and transcription of key loci, normally associated with T cell function. Addition of Runx3 and T-bet further contributed to fine-tuning of these changes and was essential for establishing chromatin loops characteristic of T cells. These data provide a resource for studying the epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape of effector differentiation of cytotoxic T cells and for investigating the interdependency between transcription factors and its effects on the epigenome and transcriptome of primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wei Tsao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Kaminski
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - R Anthony Barnitz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A DiIorio
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin W LaFleur
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wataru Ise
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Yosef
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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26
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Igarashi K, Nishizawa H, Saiki Y, Matsumoto M. The transcription factor BACH1 at the crossroads of cancer biology: From epithelial-mesenchymal transition to ferroptosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101032. [PMID: 34339740 PMCID: PMC8387770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of cancer involves not only the gradual evolution of cells by mutations in DNA but also alterations in the gene expression induced by those mutations and input from the surrounding microenvironment. Such alterations contribute to cancer cells' abilities to reprogram metabolic pathways and undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which facilitate the survival of cancer cells and their metastasis to other organs. Recently, BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1), a heme-regulated transcription factor that represses genes involved in iron and heme metabolism in normal cells, was shown to shape the metabolism and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The growing list of BACH1 target genes in cancer cells reveals that BACH1 promotes metastasis by regulating various sets of genes beyond iron metabolism. BACH1 represses the expression of genes that mediate cell–cell adhesion and oxidative phosphorylation but activates the expression of genes required for glycolysis, cell motility, and matrix protein degradation. Furthermore, BACH1 represses FOXA1 gene encoding an activator of epithelial genes and activates SNAI2 encoding a repressor of epithelial genes, forming a feedforward loop of EMT. By synthesizing these observations, we propose a “two-faced BACH1 model”, which accounts for the dynamic switching between metastasis and stress resistance along with cancer progression. We discuss here the possibility that BACH1-mediated promotion of cancer also brings increased sensitivity to iron-dependent cell death (ferroptosis) through crosstalk of BACH1 target genes, imposing programmed vulnerability upon cancer cells. We also discuss the future directions of this field, including the dynamics and plasticity of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hironari Nishizawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuriko Saiki
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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27
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Bach2 attenuates IL-2R signaling to control Treg homeostasis and Tfr development. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109096. [PMID: 33979619 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation and homeostasis of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are tightly controlled by the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling, yet the mechanisms governing these processes are incompletely understood. Here, we report that transcription factor Bach2 attenuates IL-2R signaling to coordinate Treg differentiation and homeostasis. Bach2 is required for the quiescence, survival, and maintenance of resting Treg cells (rTregs). Unexpectedly, Bach2 directly represses CD25 (IL-2Rα) and subsequently attenuates IL-2R signaling in Tregs. Upregulated CD25/IL-2R signaling in Bach2-deficient rTregs acts as a parallel pathway to partially counteract their poor survival and maintenance. Furthermore, Bach2 suppresses CD25/IL-2R signaling in T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells. Bach2 deficiency in Tregs prevents the formation of highly differentiated Tfr cells, associated with aberrant GC response. Finally, a mild and late onset of autoimmune disease is observed in mice with Bach2-deficient Tregs. Thus, Bach2 balances IL-2R signaling to orchestrate development and homeostasis of various Treg subsets.
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28
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Schroeder AR, Zhu F, Hu H. Stepwise Tfh cell differentiation revisited: new advances and long-standing questions. Fac Rev 2021; 10. [PMID: 33644779 PMCID: PMC7894273 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play an essential role in germinal center formation and the generation of high-affinity antibodies. Studies have proposed that Tfh cell differentiation is a multi-step process. However, it is still not fully understood how a subset of activated CD4+ T cells begin to express CXCR5 during the early stage of the response and, shortly after, how some CXCR5+ precursor Tfh (pre-Tfh) cells enter B cell follicles and differentiate further into germinal center Tfh (GC-Tfh) cells while others have a different fate. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent advances surrounding these two aspects of Tfh cell differentiation and discuss related long-standing questions, including Tfh memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Schroeder
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Fangming Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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29
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Sekiya T, Kagawa S, Masaki K, Fukunaga K, Yoshimura A, Takaki S. Regulation of peripheral Th/Treg differentiation and suppression of airway inflammation by Nr4a transcription factors. iScience 2021; 24:102166. [PMID: 33665581 PMCID: PMC7907427 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helper T (Th) and regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation programs promote the eradication of pathogens, while minimizing adverse immune reactions. Here, we found that Nr4a family of nuclear receptors supports Treg cell induction and represses Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation from naive CD4+ T cells. Nr4a factors are transiently induced in CD4+ T cells immediately after antigen stimulation, thereby mediating epigenetic changes. In differentiating Treg cells, Nr4a factors mainly upregulated the early responsive genes in the Treg cell-specifying gene set, either directly or in cooperation with Ets family transcription factors. In contrast, Nr4a factors repressed AP-1 activity by interrupting a positive feedback loop for Batf factor expression, thus suppressing Th2 cell-associated genes. In an allergic airway inflammation model, Nr4a factors suppressed the pathogenesis, mediating oral tolerance. Lastly, pharmacological activation of an engineered Nr4a molecule prevented allergic airway inflammation, indicating that Nr4a factors may be novel therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases. Among “Treg signature genes”, Nr4a factors mainly induce early responsive ones Nr4a activate target genes directly or by supporting Ets factors' function Nr4a factors repress Th2-driving positive feedback loop for Batf factor expression Pharmacological activation of Nr4a factors' activity prevented airway inflammation
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sekiya
- Section of Immune Response Modification, Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan.,Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsunori Masaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takaki
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
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30
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Cornwell A, Palli R, Singh MV, Benoodt L, Tyrell A, Abe JI, Schifitto G, Maggirwar SB, Thakar J. Molecular characterization of atherosclerosis in HIV positive persons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3232. [PMID: 33547350 PMCID: PMC7865026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV are at higher risk of atherosclerosis (AS). The pathogenesis of this risk is not fully understood. To assess the regulatory networks involved in AS we sequenced mRNA of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and measured cytokine and chemokine levels in the plasma of 13 persons living with HIV and 12 matched HIV-negative persons with and without AS. microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play a role in HIV infection and may modulate gene regulation to drive AS. Hence, we further assessed miRNA expression in PBMCs of a subset of 12 HIV+ people with and without atherosclerosis. We identified 12 miRNAs differentially expressed between HIV+ AS+ and HIV+ , and validated 5 of those by RT-qPCR. While a few of these miRNAs have been implicated in HIV and atherosclerosis, others are novel. Integrating miRNA measurements with mRNA, we identified 27 target genes including SLC4A7, a critical sodium and bicarbonate transporter, that are potentially dysregulated during atherosclerosis. Additionally, we uncovered that levels of plasma cytokines were associated with transcription factor activity and miRNA expression in PBMCs. For example, BACH2 activity was associated with IL-1β, IL-15, and MIP-1α. IP10 and TNFα levels were associated with miR-124-3p. Finally, integration of all data types into a single network revealed increased importance of miRNAs in network regulation of the HIV+ group in contrast with increased importance of cytokines in the HIV+ AS+ group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cornwell
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rohith Palli
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Biophysics, Structural, and Computational Biology PhD Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Meera V Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Benoodt
- Biophysics, Structural, and Computational Biology PhD Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alicia Tyrell
- Department of Neurology, General Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology-Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Schifitto
- Department of Neurology, General Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washing University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, , Box 672, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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31
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Tomar S, Ganesan V, Sharma A, Zeng C, Waggoner L, Smith A, Kim CH, Licona-Limón P, Reinhardt RL, Flavell RA, Wang YH, Hogan SP. IL-4-BATF signaling directly modulates IL-9 producing mucosal mast cell (MMC9) function in experimental food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:280-295. [PMID: 33069715 PMCID: PMC7856198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study group has previously identified IL-9-producing mucosal mast cell (MMC9) as the primary source of IL-9 to drive intestinal mastocytosis and experimental IgE-mediated food allergy. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the expansion of MMC9s remain unknown. OBJECTIVES This study hypothesized that IL-4 regulates MMC9 development and MMC9-dependent experimental IgE-mediated food allergy. METHODS An epicutaneous sensitization model was used and bone marrow reconstitution experiments were performed to test the requirement of IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) signaling on MMC9s in experimental IgE-mediated food allergy. Flow cytometric, bulk, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses on small intestine (SI) MMC9s were performed to illuminate MMC9 transcriptional signature and the effect of IL-4Rα signaling on MMC9 function. A bone marrow-derived MMC9 culture system was used to define IL-4-BATF signaling in MMC9 development. RESULTS Epicutaneous sensitization- and bone marrow reconstitution-based models of IgE-mediated food allergy revealed an IL-4 signaling-dependent cell-intrinsic effect on SI MMC9 accumulation and food allergy severity. RNA-sequencing analysis of SI-MMC9s identified 410 gene transcripts reciprocally regulated by IL-4 signaling, including Il9 and Batf. Insilico analyses identified a 3491-gene MMC9 transcriptional signature and identified 2 transcriptionally distinct SI MMC9 populations enriched for metabolic or inflammatory programs. Employing an in vitro MMC9-culture model system showed that generation of MMC9-like cells was induced by IL-4 and this was in part dependent on BATF. CONCLUSIONS IL-4Rα signaling directly modulates MMC9 function and exacerbation of experimental IgE-mediated food allergic reactions. IL-4Rα regulation of MMC9s is in part BATF-dependent and occurs via modulation of metabolic transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Tomar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Varsha Ganesan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Chang Zeng
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa Waggoner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew Smith
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chang H Kim
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Richard L Reinhardt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo; Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Md
| | - Yui-Hsi Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Type 2 Inflammation and Fibrosis Cluster, Immunology and Inflammation Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, Mass.
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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32
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Sheng Y, Zhang J, Li K, Wang H, Wang W, Wen L, Gao J, Tang X, Tang H, Huang H, Cai M, Yuan T, Liu L, Zheng X, Zhu Z, Cui Y. Bach2 overexpression represses Th9 cell differentiation by suppressing IRF4 expression in systemic lupus erythematosus. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 11:395-403. [PMID: 33249782 PMCID: PMC7876501 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal activation of T cells and caused by an imbalance in the production and clearance of apoptotic cells. We previously showed that the transcription regulator Bach2 regulated abnormal B‐cell activation in SLE. Here, we investigated whether Bach2 was also involved in Th9 cell differentiation in SLE. We found that the proportion of Th9 cells was enhanced in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of SLE patients. The PBMC and CD4+ T cells of SLE patients exhibited a decrease of Bach2 expression and an increase of IL‐9 expression. Furthermore, Bach2 overexpression significantly repressed the levels of PU.1, IRF4, IL‐9, and Th9 cells in the CD4+ T cells of SLE patients and healthy volunteers. In addition, Bach2 overexpression inhibited the levels of IL‐9 and Th9 cells, whereas IRF4 upregulation enhanced the levels of IRF4 and IL‐9 and Th9 cells in the CD4+ T cells of SLE patients and healthy volunteers. The effect of IRF4 up‐regulation was abolished by Bach2 overexpression. In summary, our work suggests that Bach2 overexpression represses Th9 cell differentiation by suppressing IRF4 expression in SLE, and thus, Bach2 may be a novel potential target for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Sheng
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Keke Li
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Leilei Wen
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianfa Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huayang Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Minglong Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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33
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Vardaka P, Lozano T, Bot C, Ellery J, Whiteside SK, Imianowski CJ, Farrow S, Walker S, Okkenhaug H, Yang J, Okkenhaug K, Kuo P, Roychoudhuri R. A cell-based bioluminescence assay reveals dose-dependent and contextual repression of AP-1-driven gene expression by BACH2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18902. [PMID: 33144667 PMCID: PMC7641119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells promote immune activation and can drive clearance of infections and cancer, CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress their function, contributing to both immune homeostasis and cancer immunosuppression. The transcription factor BACH2 functions as a pervasive regulator of T cell differentiation, promoting development of CD4+ Treg cells and suppressing the effector functions of multiple effector T cell (Teff) lineages. Here, we report the development of a stable cell-based bioluminescence assay of the transcription factor activity of BACH2. Tetracycline-inducible BACH2 expression resulted in suppression of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin-driven activation of a luciferase reporter containing BACH2/AP-1 target sequences from the mouse Ifng + 18k enhancer. BACH2 expression repressed the luciferase signal in a dose-dependent manner but this activity was abolished at high levels of AP-1 signalling, suggesting contextual regulation of AP-1 driven gene expression by BACH2. Finally, using the reporter assay developed, we find that the histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-selective inhibitor, RGFP966, inhibits BACH2-mediated repression of signal-driven luciferase expression. In addition to enabling mechanistic studies, this cell-based reporter may enable identification of small molecule agonists or antagonists of BACH2 function for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Vardaka
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Christopher Bot
- CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Jonathan Ellery
- CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Sarah K Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Charlotte J Imianowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Stuart Farrow
- CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon Walker
- Imaging Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Paula Kuo
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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34
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Renu K, Subramaniam MD, Chakraborty R, Myakala H, Iyer M, Bharathi G, Siva K, Vellingiri B, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. The role of Interleukin-4 in COVID-19 associated male infertility - A hypothesis. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 142:103213. [PMID: 33080435 PMCID: PMC7526609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a present-day complex pandemic infection with unpredictable levels of morbidity and mortality in various global populations. COVID-19 is associated with the different comorbidities with its change in biological function such as causing heart dysfunction via deregulating ACE-2 receptor, gastrointestinal risk via causing vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, chronic kidney disease via proteinuria and hematuria, diabetes mellitus, liver injury via increasing ALT, AST and bilirubin level, lung injury, CNS risk, ocular risk, and cancer risk. In this, we are focused on the COVID-19 connected with male infertility. Some of the studies show that the patients of COVID-19 are associated with impaired spermatogenesis. Impaired spermatogenesis via COVID-19 decreases the level of testosterone by disturbing cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12 and further, attenuates the sperm count. COVID-19 is causing inflammation via TNF-α and interferons. IL-4 plays an eminent role in the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and leads to the disturbing pro-inflammatory cytokine as well as further cause's male infertility. Th2 activates the IL-4 through IgG and IgE and mediates apoptosis with the triggering of STAT signaling. The activated STAT signaling augments Batf/Irf4, and the Bach2/Batf pathway. On the other hand, SARS-CoV-2 is activating the level of Th2 cells. So, we hypothesized that the augmented Th2 cells would disturb the level of IL-4, JAK-STAT signaling, Batf/Irf4, and Bach2/Batf pathway. The disturbed IL-4 decreases the level of the ACE-2 with the inflammation. This further leads to male infertility in COVID-19 patients. So, in this hypothesis, we focused on the role of IL-4 in COVID-19 patients associated with male infertility via Th2 cells and JAK-STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai 600 006, India
| | - Rituraj Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Haritha Myakala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Geetha Bharathi
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamalakannan Siva
- National Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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35
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Grant FM, Yang J, Nasrallah R, Clarke J, Sadiyah F, Whiteside SK, Imianowski CJ, Kuo P, Vardaka P, Todorov T, Zandhuis N, Patrascan I, Tough DF, Kometani K, Eil R, Kurosaki T, Okkenhaug K, Roychoudhuri R. BACH2 drives quiescence and maintenance of resting Treg cells to promote homeostasis and cancer immunosuppression. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20190711. [PMID: 32515782 PMCID: PMC7478731 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cell populations are composed of functionally quiescent resting Treg (rTreg) cells which differentiate into activated Treg (aTreg) cells upon antigen stimulation. How rTreg cells remain quiescent despite chronic exposure to cognate self- and foreign antigens is unclear. The transcription factor BACH2 is critical for early Treg lineage specification, but its function following lineage commitment is unresolved. Here, we show that BACH2 is repurposed following Treg lineage commitment and promotes the quiescence and long-term maintenance of rTreg cells. Bach2 is highly expressed in rTreg cells but is down-regulated in aTreg cells and during inflammation. In rTreg cells, BACH2 binds to enhancers of genes involved in aTreg differentiation and represses their TCR-driven induction by competing with AP-1 factors for DNA binding. This function promotes rTreg cell quiescence and long-term maintenance and is required for immune homeostasis and durable immunosuppression in cancer. Thus, BACH2 supports a "division of labor" between quiescent rTreg cells and their activated progeny in Treg maintenance and function, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. Grant
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jie Yang
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rabab Nasrallah
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Clarke
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Cancer Research UK & National Institute for Health Research Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Firas Sadiyah
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah K. Whiteside
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte J. Imianowski
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula Kuo
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Panagiota Vardaka
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tihomir Todorov
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nordin Zandhuis
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ilinca Patrascan
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David F. Tough
- Epigenetics DPU, Immunoinflammation Therapeutic Area Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Kohei Kometani
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Robert Eil
- Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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36
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Peng V, Georgescu C, Bakowska A, Pankow A, Qian L, Wren JD, Sun XH. E proteins orchestrate dynamic transcriptional cascades implicated in the suppression of the differentiation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14866-14877. [PMID: 32817168 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a subset of newly discovered immune cells that are involved in immune reactions against microbial pathogens, host allergic reactions, as well as tissue repair. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors collectively called E proteins powerfully suppress the differentiation of ILC2s from bone marrow and thymic progenitors while promoting the development of B and T lymphocytes. How E proteins exert the suppression is not well understood. Here we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms using inducible gain and loss of function approaches in ILC2s and their precursors, respectively. Cross-examination of RNA-seq and ATAC sequencing data obtained at different time points reveals a set of genes that are likely direct targets of E proteins. Consequently, a widespread down-regulation of chromatin accessibility occurs at a later time point, possibly due to the activation of transcriptional repressor genes such as Cbfa2t3 and Jdp2 The large number of genes repressed by gain of E protein function leads to the down-regulation of a transcriptional network important for ILC2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Peng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- Program in Genes and Human Diseases, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Anna Bakowska
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Aneta Pankow
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Liangyue Qian
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Program in Genes and Human Diseases, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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37
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Zheng Y, Lu Y, Huang X, Han L, Chen Z, Zhou B, Ma Y, Xie G, Yang J, Bian B, Li L, Nie H, Pan X, Shen L. BACH2 regulates the function of human CD4
+
CD45RA
−
Foxp3
l
° cytokine‐secreting T cells and promotes B‐cell response in systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:426-438. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Zheng
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xinfang Huang
- Department of NephrologyXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zheyi Chen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Junyao Yang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Bingxian Bian
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hong Nie
- Shanghai Institute of ImmunologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiujun Pan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Lisong Shen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXin Hua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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38
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Gowthaman U, Chen JS, Eisenbarth SC. Regulation of IgE by T follicular helper cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:409-418. [PMID: 31965637 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri1219-425r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergies to food and environmental antigens have steeply grown to epidemic proportions. IgE antibodies are key mediators of allergic disease, including life-threatening anaphylaxis. There is now compelling evidence that one of the hallmarks of anaphylaxis-inducing IgE molecules is their high affinity for allergen, and the cellular pathway to high-affinity IgE is typically through sequential switching of IgG B cells. Further, in contrast to the previously held paradigm that a subset of CD4+ T cells called Th2 cells promotes IgE responses, recent studies suggest that T follicular helper cells are crucial for inducing anaphylactic IgE. Here we discuss recent studies that have enabled us to understand the nature, induction, and regulation of this enigmatic antibody isotype in allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthaman Gowthaman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jennifer S Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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39
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Sidwell T, Liao Y, Garnham AL, Vasanthakumar A, Gloury R, Blume J, Teh PP, Chisanga D, Thelemann C, de Labastida Rivera F, Engwerda CR, Corcoran L, Kometani K, Kurosaki T, Smyth GK, Shi W, Kallies A. Attenuation of TCR-induced transcription by Bach2 controls regulatory T cell differentiation and homeostasis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:252. [PMID: 31937752 PMCID: PMC6959360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation and homeostasis of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are strictly controlled by T-cell receptor (TCR) signals; however, molecular mechanisms that govern these processes are incompletely understood. Here we show that Bach2 is an important regulator of Treg cell differentiation and homeostasis downstream of TCR signaling. Bach2 prevents premature differentiation of fully suppressive effector Treg (eTreg) cells, limits IL-10 production and is required for the development of peripherally induced Treg (pTreg) cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Bach2 attenuates TCR signaling-induced IRF4-dependent Treg cell differentiation. Deletion of IRF4 promotes inducible Treg cell differentiation and rescues pTreg cell differentiation in the absence of Bach2. In turn, loss of Bach2 normalizes eTreg cell differentiation of IRF4-deficient Treg cells. Mechanistically, Bach2 counteracts the DNA-binding activity of IRF4 and limits chromatin accessibility, thereby attenuating IRF4-dependent transcription. Thus, Bach2 balances TCR signaling induced transcriptional activity of IRF4 to maintain homeostasis of thymically-derived and peripherally-derived Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Sidwell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Yang Liao
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandra L Garnham
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Renee Gloury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jonas Blume
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peggy P Teh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Renal Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Western Health, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - David Chisanga
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Christoph Thelemann
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | | | | | - Lynn Corcoran
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kohei Kometani
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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40
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The Critical Role of Bach2 in Shaping the Balance between CD4 + T Cell Subsets in Immune-Mediated Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2609737. [PMID: 32082072 PMCID: PMC7012215 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2609737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Bach2 which is predominantly expressed in B and T lymphocytes represses the expression of genes by forming heterodimers with small Maf and Batf proteins and binding to the corresponding sequence on the DNA. In this way, Bach2 serves as a highly conserved repressor which controls the terminal differentiation and maturation of both B and T lymphocytes. It is required for class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin genes in activated B cells, and its function in B cell differentiation has been well-described. Furthermore, emerging data show that Bach2 regulates transcriptional activity in T cells at super enhancers or regions of high transcriptional activity, thus stabilizing immunoregulatory capacity and maintaining T cell homeostasis. Bach2 is also critical for the formation and function of CD4+ T cell lineages (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, T follicular helper (Tfh), and regulatory T (Treg) cells). Genetic variations within Bach2 locus are associated with numerous immune-mediated diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic pancreatitis (CP), type 2 chronic airway inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and type 1 diabetes. Here, we reveal a critical role of Bach2 in regulating T cell biology and the correlation with these immune-mediated diseases.
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41
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Fu Y, Koh B, Kuwahara M, Ulrich BJ, Kharwadkar R, Yamashita M, Kaplan MH. BATF-Interacting Proteins Dictate Specificity in Th Subset Activity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:1989-1998. [PMID: 31451674 PMCID: PMC6761015 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor BATF is expressed in multiple Th subsets and cooperates with other factors to regulate gene transcription. BATF activates lineage-specific cytokines in Th subsets, activating IL-9 in Th9 cells and IL-17 in Th17 cells, but not IL-9 or IL-17 in the reciprocal subset. The mechanism for this restricted activity is unclear. In this report, we define BATF binding partners that contribute to Th subset-specific functions. Although BATF and IRF4 are expressed in greater amounts in Th9 than Th17, increased expression of both factors is not sufficient to induce IL-9 in Th17 cells. BATF also requires heterodimer formation with Jun family members to bind DNA and induce gene expression. Using primary mouse T cell culture, we observed that JunB and c-Jun, but not JunD, promote IL-9 production in Th9 cells. Ectopic expression of BATF with either JunB or c-Jun generates modest, but significant, increases in IL-9 production in Th17 cells, suggesting that the low expression of Jun family members is one factor limiting the ability of BATF to induce IL-9 in Th17 cells. We further identified that Bach2 positively regulates IL-9 production by directly binding to the Il9 gene and by increasing transcription factor expression in Th9 cells. Strikingly, cotransduction of Bach2 and BATF significantly induces IL-9 production in both Th9 and Th17 cells. Taken together, our results reveal that JunB, c-Jun, and Bach2 cooperate with BATF to contribute to the specificity of BATF-dependent cytokine induction in Th subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyao Fu
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Byunghee Koh
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon-Shi, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and
| | - Benjamin J Ulrich
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Rakshin Kharwadkar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon-Shi, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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42
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Zhang H, Hu Q, Zhang M, Yang F, Peng C, Zhang Z, Huang C. Bach2 Deficiency Leads to Spontaneous Expansion of IL-4-Producing T Follicular Helper Cells and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2050. [PMID: 31552021 PMCID: PMC6737000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Bach2 is a susceptible gene for numerous autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Bach2 -/- mice can develop a lupus-like autoimmune disease. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms via which Bach2 protects the hosts from developing autoimmunity remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that Bach2 ablation on T cells, but not B cells, resulted in humoral autoimmunity, and this was associated with expansion of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and abnormal germinal centers. Bach2 was down-regulated in Tfh cells and directly suppressed by the Tfh-defining transcription factor BCL6. Mechanistically, Bach2 directly suppresses the transcription of Cxcr5 and c-Maf, two key regulators of Tfh cell differentiation. Bach2-deficient Tfh cells were skewed toward the IL-4-producing subset, which induced IgG1 and IgE isotype switching of B cells. Heterozygous Bcl6 deficiency reduced the formation of germinal center and autoantibodies, and ameliorated the pathology in Bach2-deficient mice. Our findings identify Bach2 as a crucial negative regulator of Tfh cells at steady state and prove that Bach2 controls autoimmunity in part by restraining accumulation of pathogenic Tfh cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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43
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Yamashita M, Kuwahara M. The critical role of Bach2 in regulating type 2 chronic airway inflammation. Int Immunol 2019. [PMID: 29529253 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Bach2 (broad complex-tramtrack-bric a brac and Cap'n'collar homology 2) plays an important role in regulating Th2 cell differentiation and type 2 immune responses, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our current studies demonstrate that Bach2 associates with Batf (basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like) family transcription factors and binds to the regulatory regions of the Th2 cytokine gene loci. The Bach2-Batf complex antagonizes the recruitment of the interferon regulatory factor 4 (Irf4)-containing Batf complex to activator protein 1 (AP-1) motifs in the Th2 cytokine gene locus and suppresses Th2 cytokine production and/or Th2 cell differentiation. The deletion of Batf ameliorated the spontaneous development of type 2 airway inflammation that is found in mice with Bach2 deficiency specifically in T cells. Interestingly, Bach2 regulates Batf and Batf3 expression via two distinct pathways. First, the Bach2-Batf complex directly binds to the Batf and Batf3 gene loci and reduces transcription by interfering with the Batf-Irf4 complex. Second, Bach2 suppresses interleukin 4 (IL-4)-induced augmentation of Batf and Batf3 expression through the regulation of IL-4 production. These findings suggest that IL-4 and Batf family transcription factors form a positive feedback amplification loop to induce Th2 cell differentiation and that Bach2-Batf interactions block the formation of this amplification loop. Furthermore, we found that reductions in Bach2 confer an innate immunological function on CD4 T cells to induce antigen-independent cytokine production. Some Bach2-deficient lung CD4 T cells showed characteristic features similar to pathogenic Th2 cells, including IL-33 receptor expression and IL-33-dependent Th2 cytokine production. These results suggest a critical role for Bach2 in regulating Th2 cell differentiation and the subsequent onset of chronic type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Division of Immune Regulation, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Division of Immune Regulation, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
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44
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Hilliard S, Song R, Liu H, Chen CH, Li Y, Baddoo M, Flemington E, Wanek A, Kolls J, Saifudeen Z, El-Dahr SS. Defining the dynamic chromatin landscape of mouse nephron progenitors. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.042754. [PMID: 31064740 PMCID: PMC6550063 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Six2+ cap mesenchyme cells, also called nephron progenitor cells (NPC), are precursors of all epithelial cell types of the nephron, the filtering unit of the kidney. Current evidence indicates that perinatal ‘old’ NPC have a greater tendency to exit the progenitor niche and differentiate into nascent nephrons than their embryonic ‘young’ counterpart. Understanding the underpinnings of NPC development may offer insights to rejuvenate old NPC and expand the progenitor pool. Here, we compared the chromatin landscape of young and old NPC and found common features reflecting their shared lineage but also intrinsic differences in chromatin accessibility and enhancer landscape supporting the view that old NPC are epigenetically poised for differentiation. Annotation of open chromatin regions and active enhancers uncovered the transcription factor Bach2 as a potential link between the pro-renewal MAPK/AP1 and pro-differentiation Six2/b-catenin pathways that might be of critical importance in regulation of NPC fate. Our data provide the first glimpse of the dynamic chromatin landscape of NPC and serve as a platform for future studies of the impact of genetic or environmental perturbations on the epigenome of NPC. Summary: An investigation of the chromatin landscape of mouse nephron progenitors across their life span supports the view that old nephron progenitors are epigenetically poised for differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Renfang Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chao-Hui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Melody Baddoo
- Department of Pathology & Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Erik Flemington
- Department of Pathology & Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alanna Wanek
- Departments of Pediatrics & Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jay Kolls
- Departments of Pediatrics & Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Samir S El-Dahr
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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45
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Geng J, Wei H, Shi B, Wang YH, Greer BD, Pittman M, Smith E, Thomas PG, Kutsch O, Hu H. Bach2 Negatively Regulates T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation and Is Critical for CD4 + T Cell Memory. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:2991-2998. [PMID: 30971440 PMCID: PMC6504585 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are essential for germinal center B cell responses. The molecular mechanism underlying the initial Tfh cell differentiation, however, is still incompletely understood. In this study, we show that in vivo, despite enhanced non-Tfh cell effector functions, the deletion of transcription factor Bach2 results in preferential Tfh cell differentiation. Mechanistically, the deletion of Bach2 leads to the induction of CXCR5 expression even before the upregulation of Ascl2. Subsequently, we have identified a novel regulatory element in the murine CXCR5 locus that negatively regulates CXCR5 promoter activities in a Bach2-dependent manner. Bach2 deficiency eventually results in a collapsed CD4+ T cell response with severely impaired CD4+ T cell memory, including Tfh cell memory. Our results demonstrate that Bach2 critically regulates Tfh cell differentiation and CD4+ T cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Geng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Hairong Wei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Bi Shi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Yin-Hu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Braxton D Greer
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Melanie Pittman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Emily Smith
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294;
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46
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Mahaki H, Jabarivasal N, Sardarian K, Zamani A. The effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on c-Maf, STAT6, and RORα expressions in spleen and thymus of rat. Electromagn Biol Med 2019; 38:177-183. [PMID: 31017814 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2019.1608832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) exposure at different magnetic flux densities on genes expression of transcription factor Maf (c-Maf), signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), and retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) in the spleen and thymus of rats. Eighty adult male rats were separated into four ELF-EMFs exposed and were exposed to magnetic flux densities of 1, 100, 500, and 2000 µT at a frequency of 50 Hz for 2 h daily for up to 60 d. All rats were intraperitoneally immunized on d 31, 44, and 58 of exposure. The experimental results showed that the expression levels of c-Maf, STAT6, and RORα in the thymus were not significantly changed at different magnetic flux densities. The expression levels of RORα and c-Maf were significantly downregulated at the densities of 1 and 100 µT, while the expression of STAT6 was only significantly decreased at the density of 100 µT. In conclusion, low magnetic flux densities of ELF-EMFs may reduce the expression levels of c-Maf, STAT6, and RORα genes in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Mahaki
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran.,b Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Naghi Jabarivasal
- c Department of Medical Physics , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Khosro Sardarian
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran.,b Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran.,d Molecular Immunology Research Group , Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
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47
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Kerscher B, Barlow JL, Rana BM, Jolin HE, Gogoi M, Bartholomew MA, Jhamb D, Pandey A, Tough DF, van Oosterhout AJM, McKenzie ANJ. BET Bromodomain Inhibitor iBET151 Impedes Human ILC2 Activation and Prevents Experimental Allergic Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:678. [PMID: 31024538 PMCID: PMC6465521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) increase in frequency in eczema and allergic asthma patients, and thus represent a new therapeutic target cell for type-2 immune-mediated disease. The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein family of epigenetic regulators are known to support the expression of cell cycle and pro-inflammatory genes during type-1 inflammation, but have not been evaluated in type-2 immune responses. We isolated human ILC2 and examined the capacity of the BET protein inhibitor, iBET151, to modulate human ILC2 activation following IL-33 stimulation. iBET151 profoundly blocked expression of genes critical for type-2 immunity, including type-2 cytokines, cell surface receptors and transcriptional regulators of ILC2 differentiation and activation. Furthermore, in vivo administration of iBET151 during experimental mouse models of allergic lung inflammation potently inhibited lung inflammation and airways resistance in response to cytokine or allergen exposure. Thus, iBET151 effectively prevents human ILC2 activation and dampens type-2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kerscher
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian L Barlow
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Batika M Rana
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Jolin
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mayuri Gogoi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle A Bartholomew
- Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Deepali Jhamb
- Computational Biology, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Computational Biology, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - David F Tough
- Epigenetics DPU, Immunoinflammation Therapy Area Unit, Glaxo Smith Kline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Antoon J M van Oosterhout
- Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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48
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Delacher M, Schmidl C, Herzig Y, Breloer M, Hartmann W, Brunk F, Kägebein D, Träger U, Hofer AC, Bittner S, Weichenhan D, Imbusch CD, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Hielscher T, Breiling A, Federico G, Gröne HJ, Schmid RM, Rehli M, Abramson J, Feuerer M. Rbpj expression in regulatory T cells is critical for restraining T H2 responses. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1621. [PMID: 30962454 PMCID: PMC6453958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator Rbpj is involved in T-helper (TH) subset polarization, but its function in Treg cells remains unclear. Here we show that Treg-specific Rbpj deletion leads to splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy despite increased numbers of Treg cells with a polyclonal TCR repertoire. A specific defect of Rbpj-deficient Treg cells in controlling TH2 polarization and B cell responses is observed, leading to the spontaneous formation of germinal centers and a TH2-associated immunoglobulin class switch. The observed phenotype is environment-dependent and can be induced by infection with parasitic nematodes. Rbpj-deficient Treg cells adopt open chromatin landscapes and gene expression profiles reminiscent of tissue-derived TH2-polarized Treg cells, with a prevailing signature of the transcription factor Gata-3. Taken together, our study suggests that Treg cells require Rbpj to specifically restrain TH2 responses, including their own excessive TH2-like differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Delacher
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidl
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yonatan Herzig
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Minka Breloer
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hartmann
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Brunk
- Division of Developmental Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danny Kägebein
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Träger
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Hofer
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bittner
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles D Imbusch
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Achim Breiling
- Division of Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Federico
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rehli
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Immune Tolerance Group, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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49
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Jiang YJ, Cao SQ, Gao LB, Wang YY, Zhou B, Hu X, Pu Y, Li ZL, Wang Q, Xiao X, Zhao L, Wang S, Liang WB, Zhang L. Circular Ribonucleic Acid Expression Profile in Mouse Cortex after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1018-1028. [PMID: 30261810 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- You-jing Jiang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu-qiang Cao
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin-bo Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yan-yun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yan Pu
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-long Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuan Wang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-bo Liang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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50
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Chen LX, Qi YL, Qi Z, Gao K, Gong RZ, Shao ZJ, Liu SX, Li SS, Sun YS. A Comparative Study on the Effects of Different Parts of Panax ginseng on the Immune Activity of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:E1096. [PMID: 30897728 PMCID: PMC6470474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of the immunological activity of various parts (root/stem/leaf/flower/seed) of five-year-old ginseng on the immune system of immunosuppressive mice. Immunosuppression was induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in the mouse model, whereas levamisole hydrochloride tablet (LTH) was used for the positive control group. We found that ginseng root (GRT), ginseng leaf (GLF), and ginseng flower (GFR) could relieve immunosuppression by increased viability of NK cells, enhanced immune organ index, improved cell-mediated immune response, increased content of CD4⁺ and ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺, and recovery of macrophage function, including carbon clearance, phagocytic rate, and phagocytic index, in immunodeficient mice. However, ginseng stem (GSM) and ginseng seed (GSD) could only enhance the thymus indices, carbon clearance, splenocyte proliferation, NK cell activities, and the level of IL-4 in immunosuppressed mice. In CTX-injected mice, GRT and GFR remarkably increased the protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, SOD1, SOD2, and CAT in the spleen. As expected, oral administration of GRT and GFR markedly enhanced the production of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, compared with the CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, and GRT and GFR did this relatively better than GSM, GLF, and GSD. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study on different parts of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xue Chen
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yu-Li Qi
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Zeng Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Kun Gao
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Rui-Ze Gong
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Zi-Jun Shao
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Song-Xin Liu
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Yin-Shi Sun
- Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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