1
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El-Sayed NF, El-Hussieny M, Mansour ST, Fouad MA, Saad MA, Ewies EF. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitors with antiosteoporosis efficacy in ovariectomized rats: A mixed binding approach beyond bisphosphonates. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116679. [PMID: 39018923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The primary focus of bisphosphonate medications is on targeting human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS), an essential regulator of mammalian isoprenoids. Yet, these drugs encounter limitations due to their restricted "druglike" properties and their effectiveness primarily in treating skeletal disorders. In this study, we synthesized novel non-bisphosphonate compounds, using 4,4'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(3-methoxybenzaldehyde) (1) as a starting compound, with the aim of targeting hFPPS through a mixed binding approach. Among the various compounds tested, compounds 4a and 4b exhibited significant inhibition of hFPPS activity, with IC50 values of 1.108 and 1.24 μM, respectively. Docking studies further revealed that both compounds bound within the allylic binding site and near the isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) site within the hFPPS pocket. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed on the best docking pose of the most potent compound 4a to confirm the formation of a stable complex with hFPPS. In an in vivo study conducted on ovariectomized rats, various biochemical markers including osteocalcin, estradiol, osteoprotegerin, bone mineral content, and density were negatively impacted, while levels of bone specific alkaline phosphatase, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand, serum/urinary calcium, and phosphate increased. Notably, compound 4a exhibited antiresorptive properties similar to zoledronate, effectively restoring most of the perturbed biochemical estimations. These findings suggest the potential of compound 4a, a non-bisphosphonate compound, as alternative therapeutic agents for combating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa F El-Sayed
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa El-Hussieny
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa T Mansour
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, NewGiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, 4184, United Arab Emirates; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ewies F Ewies
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Salari S, Lee HF, Tsantrizos YS, Park J. Inhibition of human mevalonate kinase by allosteric inhibitors of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. FEBS Open Bio 2024. [PMID: 38923323 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mevalonate kinase is a key regulator of the mevalonate pathway, subject to feedback inhibition by the downstream metabolite farnesyl pyrophosphate. In this study, we validated the hypothesis that monophosphonate compounds mimicking farnesyl pyrophosphate can inhibit mevalonate kinase. Exploring compounds originally synthesized as allosteric inhibitors of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, we discovered mevalonate kinase inhibitors with nanomolar activity. Kinetic characterization of the two most potent inhibitors demonstrated Ki values of 3.1 and 22 nm. Structural comparison suggested features of these inhibitors likely responsible for their potency. Our findings introduce the first class of nanomolar inhibitors of human mevalonate kinase, opening avenues for future research. These compounds might prove useful as molecular tools to study mevalonate pathway regulation and evaluate mevalonate kinase as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Salari
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Hiu-Fung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Jaeok Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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3
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Ecker F, Vattekkatte A, Boland W, Groll M. Metal-dependent enzyme symmetry guides the biosynthetic flux of terpene precursors. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01235-9. [PMID: 37308711 PMCID: PMC10396970 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids account for more than 60% of all natural products, and their carbon skeletons originate from common isoprenoid units of different lengths such as geranyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyrophosphate. Here we characterize a metal-dependent, bifunctional isoprenyl diphosphate synthase from the leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae by structural and functional analyses. Inter- and intramolecular cooperative effects in the homodimer strongly depend on the provided metal ions and regulate the biosynthetic flux of terpene precursors to either biological defence or physiological development. Strikingly, a unique chain length determination domain adapts to form geranyl or farnesyl pyrophosphate by altering enzyme symmetry and ligand affinity between both subunits. In addition, we identify an allosteric geranyl-pyrophosphate-specific binding site that shares similarity with end-product inhibition in human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Our combined findings elucidate a deeply intertwined reaction mechanism in the P. cochleariae isoprenyl diphosphate synthase that integrates substrate, product and metal-ion concentrations to harness its dynamic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ecker
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Abith Vattekkatte
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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4
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Cheah LC, Liu L, Stark T, Plan MR, Peng B, Lu Z, Schenk G, Sainsbury F, Vickers CE. Metabolic flux enhancement from the translational fusion of terpene synthases is linked to terpene synthase accumulation. Metab Eng 2023; 77:143-151. [PMID: 36990382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The end-to-end fusion of enzymes that catalyse successive steps in a reaction pathway is a metabolic engineering strategy that has been successfully applied in a variety of pathways and is particularly common in terpene bioproduction. Despite its popularity, limited work has been done to interrogate the mechanism of metabolic enhancement from enzyme fusion. We observed a remarkable >110-fold improvement in nerolidol production upon translational fusion of nerolidol synthase (a sesquiterpene synthase) to farnesyl diphosphate synthase. This delivered a titre increase from 29.6 mg/L up to 4.2 g/L nerolidol in a single engineering step. Whole-cell proteomic analysis revealed that nerolidol synthase levels in the fusion strains were greatly elevated compared to the non-fusion control. Similarly, the fusion of nerolidol synthase to non-catalytic domains also produced comparable increases in titre, which coincided with improved enzyme expression. When farnesyl diphosphate synthase was fused to other terpene synthases, we observed more modest improvements in terpene titre (1.9- and 3.8-fold), corresponding with increases of a similar magnitude in terpene synthase levels. Our data demonstrate that increased in vivo enzyme levels - resulting from improved expression and/or improved protein stability - is a major driver of catalytic enhancement from enzyme fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen Cheah
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Lian Liu
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node), The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Terra Stark
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node), The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Manuel R Plan
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node), The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Bingyin Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Zeyu Lu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia; Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Claudia E Vickers
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; School of Biological and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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5
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Ancient plant-like terpene biosynthesis in corals. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:664-669. [PMID: 35606558 PMCID: PMC9179088 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Octocorals are major contributors of terpenoid chemical diversity in the ocean. Natural products from other sessile marine animals are primarily biosynthesized by symbiotic microbes rather than by the host. Here, we challenge this long-standing paradigm by describing a monophyletic lineage of animal-encoded terpene cyclases (TCs) ubiquitous in octocorals. We characterized 15 TC enzymes from nine genera, several of which produce precursors of iconic coral-specific terpenoids, such as pseudopterosin, lophotoxin and eleutherobin. X-ray crystallography revealed that coral TCs share conserved active site residues and structural features with bacterial TCs. The identification of coral TCs enabled the targeted identification of the enzyme that constructs the coral-exclusive capnellane scaffold. Several TC genes are colocalized with genes that encode enzymes known to modify terpenes. This work presents an example of biosynthetic capacity in the kingdom Animalia that rivals the chemical complexity generated by plants, unlocking the biotechnological potential of octocorals for biomedical applications.
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6
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Targeting of Mevalonate-Isoprenoid Pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Bisphosphonate Drugs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051146. [PMID: 35625883 PMCID: PMC9138592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming represents a hallmark of tumorigenesis to sustain survival in harsh conditions, rapid growth and metastasis in order to resist to cancer therapies. These metabolic alterations involve glucose metabolism, known as the Warburg effect, increased glutaminolysis and enhanced amino acid and lipid metabolism, especially the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway known as the mevalonate pathway and these are upregulated in several cancer types, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In particular, it was demonstrated that the mevalonate pathway has a pivotal role in cellular transformation. Therefore, targeting this biochemical process with drugs such as statins represents a promising therapeutic strategy to be combined with other anticancer treatments. In the last decade, several studies have revealed that amino-bisphosphonates (BP), primarily used for bone fragility disorders, also exhibit potential anti-cancer activity in leukemic cells, as well as in patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma. Indeed, these compounds inhibit the farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, reducing isoprenoid formation of farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. This, in turn, inhibits the prenylation of small Guanosine Triphosphate-binding proteins, such as Ras, Rho, Rac, Rab, which are essential for regulating cell survival membrane ruffling and trafficking, interfering with cancer key signaling events involved in clonal expansion and maturation block of progenitor cells in myeloid hematological malignancies. Thus, in this review, we discuss the recent advancements about bisphosphonates’ effects, especially zoledronate, analyzing the biochemical mechanisms and anti-tumor effects on AML model systems. Future studies will be oriented to investigate the clinical relevance and significance of BP treatment in AML, representing an attractive therapeutic strategy that could be integrated into chemotherapy.
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7
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Downregulation of Squalene Synthase Broadly Impacts Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Guayule. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040303. [PMID: 35448489 PMCID: PMC9030042 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of natural rubber by Parthenium argentaum (guayule) requires increased yield for economic sustainability. An RNAi gene silencing strategy was used to engineer isoprenoid biosynthesis by downregulation of squalene synthase (SQS), such that the pool of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) substrate might instead be available to initiate natural rubber synthesis. Downregulation of SQS resulted in significantly reduced squalene and slightly increased rubber, but not in the same tissues nor to the same extent, partially due to an apparent negative feedback regulatory mechanism that downregulated mevalonate pathway isoprenoid production, presumably associated with excess geranyl pyrophosphate levels. A detailed metabolomics analysis of isoprenoid production in guayule revealed significant differences in metabolism in different tissues, including in active mevalonate and methylerythritol phosphate pathways in stem tissue, where rubber and squalene accumulate. New insights and strategies for engineering isoprenoid production in guayule were identified.
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8
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Goričan T, Ciber L, Petek N, Svete J, Novinec M. Synthesis and kinetic characterization of hyperbolic inhibitors of human cathepsins K and S based on a succinimide scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105213. [PMID: 34364050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsins K and S are closely related papain-like cysteine peptidases and potential therapeutic targets for metabolic and inflammatory diseases such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Here we describe the reduction of a previously characterized succinimide (2,5-dioxopyrrolidine)-containing hyperbolic inhibitor of cathepsin K (methyl (RS)-N-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-3-yl]glycinate), to obtain a better and more selective compound (compound 4a - methyl (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-3-yl)glycinate), which acted as a hyperbolic mixed inhibitor/activator similar to already known allosteric effectors of cathepsin K. We then investigated the potential of the succinimide scaffold as inhibitors of cathepsins K and/or S and synthesized a library of such compounds by 1,4-addition of α-amino acid esters and related compounds to N-substituted maleimides. From the generated library, we identified the first small molecule hyperbolic inhibitors of cathepsin S (methyl ((R)-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-3-yl)-l-threoninate (compound R-4c) and 3-{[(1S,2R,3'S)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]amino}pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (compound (1S,2R,3'S-10)). The former acted via a similar mechanism to compound 4a, while the latter was a hyperbolic specific inhibitor of cathepsin S. Given the versatility of the scaffold, the identified compounds will be used as the basis for the development of high-affinity hyperbolic inhibitors of the individual peptidases and to explore the potential of hyperbolic inhibitors for the inhibition of cysteine cathepsins in in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Goričan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Ciber
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Petek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Svete
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Novinec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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9
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Hage-Hülsmann J, Klaus O, Linke K, Troost K, Gora L, Hilgers F, Wirtz A, Santiago-Schübel B, Loeschcke A, Jaeger KE, Drepper T. Production of C20, C30 and C40 terpenes in the engineered phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. J Biotechnol 2021; 338:20-30. [PMID: 34237394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Terpenes constitute one of the largest groups of secondary metabolites that are used, for example, as food-additives, fragrances or pharmaceuticals. Due to the formation of an intracytoplasmic membrane system and an efficient intrinsic tetraterpene pathway, the phototrophic α-proteobacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus offers favorable properties for the production of hydrophobic terpenes. However, research efforts have largely focused on sesquiterpene production. Recently, we have developed modular tools allowing to engineer the biosynthesis of terpene precursors. These tools were now applied to boost the biosynthesis of the diterpene casbene, the triterpene squalene and the tetraterpene β-carotene in R. capsulatus SB1003. Selected enzymes of the intrinsic isoprenoid pathway and the heterologous mevalonate (MVA) pathway were co-expressed together with the respective terpene synthases in various combinations. Remarkably, co-expression of genes ispA, idi and dxs enhanced the synthesis of casbene and β-carotene. In contrast, co-expression of precursor biosynthetic genes with the squalene synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana reduced squalene titers. Therefore, we further employed four alternative pro- and eukaryotic squalene synthases. Here, the synthase from Methylococcus capsulatus enabled highest product levels of 90 mg/L squalene upon co-expression with ispA. In summary, we demonstrate the applicability of R. capsulatus for the heterologous production of diverse terpene classes and provide relevant insights for further development of such platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hage-Hülsmann
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Germany.
| | - Oliver Klaus
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Karl Linke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Katrin Troost
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Lukas Gora
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Fabienne Hilgers
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Astrid Wirtz
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Beatrix Santiago-Schübel
- Central Division of Analytical Chemistry ZEA-3: Analytik/Biospec, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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10
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Park J, Pandya VR, Ezekiel SJ, Berghuis AM. Phosphonate and Bisphosphonate Inhibitors of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthases: A Structure-Guided Perspective. Front Chem 2021; 8:612728. [PMID: 33490038 PMCID: PMC7815940 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.612728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphonates and bisphosphonates have proven their pharmacological utility as inhibitors of enzymes that metabolize phosphate and pyrophosphate substrates. The blockbuster class of drugs nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates represent one of the best-known examples. Widely used to treat bone-resorption disorders, these drugs work by inhibiting the enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Playing a key role in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, this enzyme is also a potential anticancer target. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the research efforts to identify new inhibitors of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase for various therapeutic applications. While the majority of these efforts have been directed against the human enzyme, some have been targeted on its homologs from other organisms, such as protozoan parasites and insects. Our particular focus is on the structures of the target enzymes and how the structural information has guided the drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeok Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Vishal R Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sean J Ezekiel
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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11
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Song J, Malwal SR, Baig N, Schurig-Briccio LA, Gao Z, Vaidya GS, Yang K, Abutaleb NS, Seleem MN, Gennis RB, Pogorelov TV, Oldfield E, Feng X. Discovery of Prenyltransferase Inhibitors with In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activity. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2979-2993. [PMID: 33085463 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cis-prenyltransferases such as undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (UPPS) and decaprenyl diphosphate synthase (DPPS) are essential enzymes in bacteria and are involved in cell wall biosynthesis. UPPS and DPPS are absent in the human genome, so they are of interest as targets for antibiotic development. Here, we screened a library of 750 compounds from National Cancer Institute Diversity Set V for the inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DPPS and found 17 hits, and then IC50s were determined using dose-response curves. Compounds were tested for growth inhibition against a panel of bacteria, for in vivo activity in a Staphylococcus aureus/Caenorhabditis elegans model, and for mammalian cell toxicity. The most active DPPS inhibitor was the dicarboxylic acid redoxal (compound 10), which also inhibited undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (UPPS) as well as farnesyl diphosphate synthase. 10 was active against S. aureus, Clostridiodes difficile, Bacillus anthracis Sterne, and Bacillus subtilis, and there was a 3.4-fold increase in IC50 on addition of a rescue agent, undecaprenyl monophosphate. We found that 10 was also a weak protonophore uncoupler, leading to the idea that it targets both isoprenoid biosynthesis and the proton motive force. In an S. aureus/C. elegans in vivo model, 10 reduced the S. aureus burden 3 times more effectively than did ampicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Song
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemistry, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kailing Yang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemistry, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Nader S. Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | | | | | - Xinxin Feng
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemistry, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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12
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Münzker L, Petrick JK, Schleberger C, Clavel D, Cornaciu I, Wilcken R, Márquez JA, Klebe G, Marzinzik A, Jahnke W. Fragment-Based Discovery of Non-bisphosphonate Binders of Trypanosoma brucei Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3096-3111. [PMID: 32537808 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, a current treatment for bone diseases, have been shown to block the growth of the T. brucei parasites by inhibiting farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS); however, due to their poor pharmacokinetic properties, they are not well suited for antiparasitic therapy. Recently, an allosteric binding pocket was discovered on human FPPS, but its existence on trypanosomal FPPS was unclear. We applied NMR and X-ray fragment screening to T. brucei FPPS and report herein on four fragments bound to this previously unknown allosteric site. Surprisingly, non-bisphosphonate active-site binders were also identified. Moreover, fragment screening revealed a number of additional binding sites. In an early structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, an analogue of an active-site binder was unexpectedly shown to bind to the allosteric site. Overlaying identified fragment binders of a parallel T. cruzi FPPS fragment screen with the T. brucei FPPS structure, and medicinal chemistry optimisation based on two binders revealed another example of fragment "pocket hopping". The discovery of binders with new chemotypes sets the framework for developing advanced compounds with pharmacokinetic properties suitable for the treatment of parasitic infections by inhibition of FPPS in T. brucei parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Münzker
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joy Kristin Petrick
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schleberger
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Clavel
- EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042, Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Irina Cornaciu
- EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042, Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France.,ALPX, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042, Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Rainer Wilcken
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - José A Márquez
- EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042, Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France.,ALPX, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042, Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institut für Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Marzinzik
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Jahnke
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Seist R, Tong M, Landegger LD, Vasilijic S, Hyakusoku H, Katsumi S, McKenna CE, Edge ASB, Stankovic KM. Regeneration of Cochlear Synapses by Systemic Administration of a Bisphosphonate. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:87. [PMID: 32765216 PMCID: PMC7381223 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by noise exposure and attendant loss of glutamatergic synapses between cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and hair cells is the most common sensory deficit worldwide. We show here that systemic administration of a bisphosphonate to mice 24 h after synaptopathic noise exposure regenerated synapses between inner hair cells and SGNs and restored cochlear function. We further demonstrate that this effect is mediated by inhibition of the mevalonate pathway. These results are highly significant because they suggest that bisphosphonates could reverse cochlear synaptopathy for the treatment of SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Seist
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mingjie Tong
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lukas D. Landegger
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasa Vasilijic
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hiroshi Hyakusoku
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Katsumi
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles E. McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Albert S. B. Edge
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Konstantina M. Stankovic
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Luo X, Liu Z, Ge X, Huang S, Zhou Y, Li D, Li L, Chen X, Huang L, Hou Q, Cheng H, Xiao L, Liu C, Zou Y, Yang X. High manganese exposure decreased the risk of high triglycerides in workers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:874. [PMID: 32503499 PMCID: PMC7275562 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Manganese (Mn) participates in lipid metabolism. However, the associations between Mn exposure and dyslipidaemia is unclear. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the 2017 the Mn-exposed workers healthy cohort (MEWHC). Finally, 803 occupationally Mn-exposed workers included in the study. The workers were divided into two groups. The grouping of this study was based on Mn-Time Weighted Averages (Mn-TWA). The high-exposure group included participants with Mn-TWA greater than 0.15 mg/m3. The low-exposure group included participants with Mn-TWA less than or equal to 0.15 mg/m3. Mn-TWA levels and dyslipidaemia were assessed. Results After adjustment for seniority, sex, cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, high-fat diet frequency, medicine intake in the past two weeks, egg intake frequency, drinking tea, WHR, and hypertension, Mn-TWA levels was negatively correlated with high triglycerides (TG) risk in workers overall (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.73; p < 0.01). The results of males and females were consistent (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.81; p < 0.01) and (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.94; p < 0.01), respectively. By performing interactions analyses of workers overall, we observed no significant interactions among confounders. Mn-TWA levels and pack-years on high TG risk (relative excess risk for the interactions (RERI = 2.29, 95% CI: − 2.07, 6.66), (RERI) = 2.98, 95% CI: − 2.30, 8.26). Similarly, smoking status, drinking status, high-fat diet frequency, and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) showed non-significant interactions with Mn-TWA levels on high TG risk. Conclusions This research indicates that high Mn exposure was negatively related to high TG risk in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Luo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoting Ge
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sifang Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanting Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Longman Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lulu Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingzhi Hou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China. .,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China. .,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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15
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Manaswiyoungkul P, de Araujo ED, Gunning PT. Targeting prenylation inhibition through the mevalonate pathway. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:51-71. [PMID: 33479604 PMCID: PMC7485146 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00442d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein prenylation is a critical mediator in several diseases including cancer and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Therapeutic intervention has focused primarily on directly targeting the prenyltransferase enzymes, FTase and GGTase I and II. To date, several drugs have advanced to clinical trials and while promising, they have yet to gain approval in a medical setting due to off-target effects and compensatory mechanisms activated by the body which results in drug resistance. While the development of dual inhibitors has mitigated undesirable side effects, potency remains sub-optimal for clinical development. An alternative approach involves antagonizing the upstream mevalonate pathway enzymes, FPPS and GGPPS, which mediate prenylation as well as cholesterol synthesis. The development of these inhibitors presents novel opportunities for dual inhibition of cancer-driven prenylation as well as cholesterol accumulation. Herein, we highlight progress towards the development of inhibitors against the prenylation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimyupa Manaswiyoungkul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Rd N. , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada .
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Rd N. , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada .
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
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16
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Liu Q, Miao Y, Wang X, Lv G, Peng Y, Li K, Li M, Qiu L, Lin J. Structure-based virtual screening and biological evaluation of novel non-bisphosphonate farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 186:111905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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17
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Han S, Li X, Xia Y, Yu Z, Cai N, Malwal SR, Han X, Oldfield E, Zhang Y. Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase as a Target for Drug Development: Discovery of Natural-Product-Derived Inhibitors and Their Activity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10867-10896. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yun Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zhengsen Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Satish R. Malwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xu Han
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308 Tianjin, China
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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18
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Feng Y, Park J, Li SG, Boutin R, Viereck P, Schilling MA, Berghuis AM, Tsantrizos YS. Chirality-Driven Mode of Binding of α-Aminophosphonic Acid-Based Allosteric Inhibitors of the Human Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (hFPPS). J Med Chem 2019; 62:9691-9702. [PMID: 31577901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thienopyrimidine-based allosteric inhibitors of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS), characterized by a chiral α-aminophosphonic acid moiety, were synthesized as enantiomerically enriched pairs, and their binding mode was investigated by X-ray crystallography. A general consensus in the binding orientation of all (R)- and (S)-enantiomers was revealed. This finding is a prerequisite for establishing a reliable structure-activity relationship (SAR) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Feng
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Jaeok Park
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada.,Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler , Montreal , Quebeck H3G 0B1 , Canada
| | - Shi-Guang Li
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Rebecca Boutin
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Peter Viereck
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Matthew A Schilling
- Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler , Montreal , Quebeck H3G 0B1 , Canada
| | - Albert M Berghuis
- Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler , Montreal , Quebeck H3G 0B1 , Canada
| | - Youla S Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada.,Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler , Montreal , Quebeck H3G 0B1 , Canada
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19
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Troost K, Loeschcke A, Hilgers F, Özgür AY, Weber TM, Santiago-Schübel B, Svensson V, Hage-Hülsmann J, Habash SS, Grundler FMW, Schleker ASS, Jaeger KE, Drepper T. Engineered Rhodobacter capsulatus as a Phototrophic Platform Organism for the Synthesis of Plant Sesquiterpenoids. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1998. [PMID: 31555236 PMCID: PMC6742980 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoids are a large class of natural compounds offering manifold properties valuable for food, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharma industry. Production in microorganisms is a sustainable approach to provide sesquiterpenoids for research and industrial use independent of their natural sources. This requires the functional transfer of the respective biocatalytic pathways in an adequate host microorganism offering a sufficient supply of precursors that is ideally adjusted to the individual demand of the recombinant biosynthesis route. The phototrophic purple bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus offers unique physiological properties that are favorable for biosynthesis of hydrophobic terpenes. Under phototrophic conditions, it develops a large intracytoplasmic membrane suitable for hosting membrane-bound enzymes and metabolites of respective biosynthetic pathways. In addition, Rhodobacter harbors an intrinsic carotenoid biosynthesis that can be engineered toward the production of foreign terpenes. Here, we evaluate R. capsulatus as host for the production of plant sesquiterpenoids under phototrophic conditions using patchoulol and valencene as a proof of concept. The heterologous expression of patchoulol synthase PcPS from Pogostemon cablin as well as the valencene synthases CsVS from Citrus sinensis and CnVS from Callitropsis nootkatensis led to the production of the respective sesquiterpenoids in R. capsulatus. To analyze, if gradually adjustable formation of the key precursor farnesylpyrophosphate (FPP) is beneficial for sesquiterpene synthesis under phototrophic conditions, the intrinsic 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) pathway genes as well as the heterologous mevalonate pathway genes were modularly expressed in various combinations. To this end, different plasmids and chromosomally integrated expression tools were developed harboring the strong and tightly controlled Pnif promoter for heterologous gene expression. Notably, comparative studies identified a distinct combination of precursor biosynthetic genes as best-performing setup for each of the tested sesquiterpene synthases. In summary, we could demonstrate that R. capsulatus is a promising alternative platform organism that is suited for sustainable sesquiterpenoid formation under phototrophic cultivation conditions. A modular engineering of R. capsulatus strains via tailored co-expression of FPP biosynthetic genes further allowed adaptation of sesquiterpene precursor formation to its catalytic conversion by different plant terpene synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Troost
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabienne Hilgers
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Armagan Yakup Özgür
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tim Moritz Weber
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Beatrix Santiago-Schübel
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics ZEA-3, Analytics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Vera Svensson
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hage-Hülsmann
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Samer S Habash
- INRES-Molecular Phytomedicine, Rhenish Friedrich-Wilhelm University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- INRES-Molecular Phytomedicine, Rhenish Friedrich-Wilhelm University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Sylvia S Schleker
- INRES-Molecular Phytomedicine, Rhenish Friedrich-Wilhelm University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1, Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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20
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Dussart J, Guedeney N, Deschamp J, Monteil M, Gager O, Legigan T, Migianu-Griffoni E, Lecouvey M. A convenient synthetic route towards H-bisphosphinates. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6969-6979. [PMID: 30229797 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01878b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A practical generalisable procedure to synthesize hydroxymethylene H-bisphosphinates has been optimised. Unlike previous reports, numerous alkyl (including an alendronate bisphosphinate analogue) or (hetero)aryl compounds were rapidly obtained in satisfactory to excellent yields. A side product could have been identified as a phosphino-phosphonate isomer and plausible mechanistic pathways are proposed here. Moreover to check the literature data, a pKa value study was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Dussart
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS UMR 7244, F-93017 Bobigny Cedex, France.
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21
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Malwal SR, Chen L, Hicks H, Qu F, Liu W, Shillo A, Law WX, Zhang J, Chandnani N, Han X, Zheng Y, Chen CC, Guo RT, AbdelKhalek A, Seleem MN, Oldfield E. Discovery of Lipophilic Bisphosphonates That Target Bacterial Cell Wall and Quinone Biosynthesis. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2564-2581. [PMID: 30730737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report that alkyl-substituted bisphosphonates have activity against Bacillus anthracis Sterne (0.40 μg/mL), Mycobacterium smegmatis (1.4 μg/mL), Bacillus subtilis (1.0 μg/mL), and Staphylococcus aureus (13 μg/mL). In many cases, there is no effect of serum binding, as well as low activity against a human embryonic kidney cell line. Targeting of isoprenoid biosynthesis is involved with 74 having IC50 values of ∼100 nM against heptaprenyl diphosphate synthase and 200 nM against farnesyl diphosphate synthase. B. subtilis growth inhibition was rescued by addition of farnesyl diphosphate, menaquinone-4 (MK-4), or undecaprenyl phosphate (UP), and the combination of MK-4 and UP resulted in a 25× increase in ED50, indicating targeting of both quinone and cell wall biosynthesis. Clostridioides difficile was inhibited by 74, and since this organism does not synthesize quinones, cell wall biosynthesis is the likely target. We also solved three X-ray structures of inhibitors bound to octaprenyl diphosphate and/or undecaprenyl diphosphate synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weidong Liu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 200208 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , China
| | | | | | | | | | - Xu Han
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 200208 , China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 200208 , China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , China
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 200208 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , China
| | - Ahmed AbdelKhalek
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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22
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Waller DD, Park J, Tsantrizos YS. Inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and/or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) biosynthesis and its implication in the treatment of cancers. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:41-60. [DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1568964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaeok Park
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Youla S. Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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23
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Hage-Hülsmann J, Metzger S, Wewer V, Buechel F, Troost K, Thies S, Loeschcke A, Jaeger KE, Drepper T. Biosynthesis of cycloartenol by expression of plant and bacterial oxidosqualene cyclases in engineered Rhodobacter capsulatus. J Biotechnol 2019; 306S:100014. [PMID: 34112372 DOI: 10.1016/j.btecx.2020.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic triterpenes are a large group of secondary metabolites produced by plants, fungi and bacteria. They have diverse biological functions, and offer potential health benefits for humans. Although various terpenes from the mono-, sesqui- and diterpene classes are easy to produce in engineered bacteria, heterologous synthesis of cyclic triterpenes is more challenging. We have recently shown that the triterpene cycloartenol can be produced in Rhodobacter capsulatus SB1003 but initial titers were low with 0.34mgL-1. To assess, if this phototrophic α-proteobacterium can be engineered for enhanced triterpene production, we followed two alternative strategies by comparing the performance of the R. capsulatus SB1003 wildtype strain with two recombinant strains carrying either a mevalonate pathway implemented from Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens or a deletion in the intrinsic carotenoid biosynthesis gene crtE. These strains are thus engineered for an enhanced isoprenoid biosynthesis or a suppressed precursor conversion by the competing carotenoid pathway. Moreover, three different cycloartenol synthase (CAS) genes from Arabidopsis thaliana or the myxobacterial strains Stigmatella aurantiaca Sga15 and DW4/3-1 were tested for heterologous cycloartenol synthesis. We found that the heterologous expression of mevalonate pathway enzymes had little impact on cycloartenol levels irrespective of the chosen CAS. In contrast, the use of the newly constructed carotenoid-deficient crtE deletion strain showed threefold increased cycloartenol product titers. We conclude that R. capsulatus is a promising alternative host for the functional expression of triterpene biosynthetic enzymes from plants and microbes. Apparently, product titers can also be improved by suppression of competing precursor consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hage-Hülsmann
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany.
| | - Sabine Metzger
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany; MS Platform, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50674, Germany.
| | - Vera Wewer
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany; MS Platform, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50674, Germany.
| | - Felix Buechel
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany; MS Platform, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50674, Germany.
| | - Katrin Troost
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany.
| | - Stephan Thies
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany.
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany.
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany. k.-
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany.
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24
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Petrova TE, Boyko KM, Nikolaeva AY, Stekhanova TN, Gruzdev EV, Mardanov AV, Stroilov VS, Littlechild JA, Popov VO, Bezsudnova EY. Structural characterization of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase GACE1337 from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Geoglobus acetivorans. Extremophiles 2018; 22:877-888. [PMID: 30062607 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel type 1 geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase GACE1337 has been identified within the genome of a newly identified hyperthermophilic archaeon Geoglobus acetivorans. The enzyme has been cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme has been biochemically and structurally characterized. It is able to catalyze the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate as a major product and of farnesyl pyrophosphate in smaller amounts, as measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry at an elevated temperature of 60 °C. Its ability to produce two products is consistent with the fact that GACE1337 is the only short-chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthase in G. acetivorans. Attempts to crystallize the enzyme were successful only at 37 °C. The three-dimensional structure of GACE1337 was determined by X-ray diffraction to 2.5 Å resolution. A comparison of its structure with those of related enzymes revealed that the Geoglobus enzyme has the features of both type I and type III geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthases, which allow it to regulate the product length. The active enzyme is a dimer and has three aromatic amino acids, two Phe, and a Tyr, located in the hydrophobic cleft between the two subunits. It is proposed that these bulky residues play a major role in the synthetic reaction by controlling the product elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E Petrova
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, RAS, Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Vitkevich St., Pushchino, 142290, Russian Federation.
| | - Konstantin M Boyko
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation.,NBICS Center, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr, 1, Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Alena Yu Nikolaeva
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana N Stekhanova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Eugeny V Gruzdev
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Mardanov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Viktor S Stroilov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry (ZIOC RAS), Leninsky Prospekt, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Jennifer A Littlechild
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Vladimir O Popov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation.,NBICS Center, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr, 1, Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Yu Bezsudnova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
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25
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Jeong A, Suazo KF, Wood WG, Distefano MD, Li L. Isoprenoids and protein prenylation: implications in the pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention of Alzheimer's disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:279-310. [PMID: 29718780 PMCID: PMC6101676 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1458070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate-isoprenoid-cholesterol biosynthesis pathway plays a key role in human health and disease. The importance of this pathway is underscored by the discovery that two major isoprenoids, farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, are required to modify an array of proteins through a process known as protein prenylation, catalyzed by prenyltransferases. The lipophilic prenyl group facilitates the anchoring of proteins in cell membranes, mediating protein-protein interactions and signal transduction. Numerous essential intracellular proteins undergo prenylation, including most members of the small GTPase superfamily as well as heterotrimeric G proteins and nuclear lamins, and are involved in regulating a plethora of cellular processes and functions. Dysregulation of isoprenoids and protein prenylation is implicated in various disorders, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancers, bone diseases, infectious diseases, progeria, and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, isoprenoids and/or prenyltransferases have emerged as attractive targets for developing therapeutic agents. Here, we provide a general overview of isoprenoid synthesis, the process of protein prenylation and the complexity of prenylated proteins, and pharmacological agents that regulate isoprenoids and protein prenylation. Recent findings that connect isoprenoids/protein prenylation with AD are summarized and potential applications of new prenylomic technologies for uncovering the role of prenylated proteins in the pathogenesis of AD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Jeong
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacolog,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | | | - W. Gibson Wood
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Mark D. Distefano
- Departments of Chemistry,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ling Li
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacolog,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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26
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Picard MÈ, Nisole A, Béliveau C, Sen S, Barbar A, Shi R, Cusson M. Structural characterization of a lepidopteran type-II farnesyl diphosphate synthase from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana: Implications for inhibitor design. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 92:84-92. [PMID: 29183817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) is an enzyme from the class of short chain (E)-prenyltransferases that catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP, C5) with dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP, C5) to generate the C15 product FPP. In insects, FPPS plays a key role in the biosynthesis of the morphogenetic and gonadotropic "juvenile hormone" (JH). Lepidopteran genomes encode two very distinct FPPS paralogs, one of which ("type-II") is expressed almost exclusively in the JH-producing glands, the corpora allata. This paralog has been hypothesized to display structural features that enable the binding of the bulkier precursors required for the biosynthesis of lepidopteran ethyl-branched JHs. Here, we report on the first crystal structures of an insect FPPS solved to date. Apo, ligand-bound, and inhibitor-bound structures of type-II FPPS (FPPS2) from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Order: Lepidoptera), were obtained. Comparison of apo and inhibitor-bound enzymes revealed differences in both inhibitor binding and structural plasticity of CfFPPS2 compared to other FPPSs. Our data showed that IPP is not essential to the closure of the C-terminal tail. Ortho-substituted pyridinium bisphosphonates, previously shown to inhibit CfFPPS2, bound to the allylic site, as predicted; however, their alkyl groups were oriented towards the homoallylic binding site, with the bulkier propyl-substituted inhibitor penetrating deeply into the IPP binding pocket. The current study sheds light on the structural basis of substrate specificity of type-II FPPS of the spruce budworm. Through a comparison with other inhibitor-bound FPPSs, we propose several approaches to improve inhibitor selectivity and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Picard
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Audrey Nisole
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, Station Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada.
| | - Catherine Béliveau
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, Station Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Sen
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, P.O. Box 7718, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA.
| | - Aline Barbar
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, Station Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada.
| | - Rong Shi
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Michel Cusson
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, Station Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada.
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27
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Gisselberg JE, Herrera Z, Orchard LM, Llinás M, Yeh E. Specific Inhibition of the Bifunctional Farnesyl/Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase in Malaria Parasites via a New Small-Molecule Binding Site. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 25:185-193.e5. [PMID: 29276048 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The bifunctional farnesyl/geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS/GGPPS) is a key branchpoint enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis in Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) parasites. PfFPPS/GGPPS is a validated, high-priority antimalarial drug target. Unfortunately, current bisphosphonate drugs that inhibit FPPS and GGPPS enzymes by acting as a diphosphate substrate analog show poor bioavailability and selectivity for PfFPPS/GGPPS. We identified a new non-bisphosphonate compound, MMV019313, which is highly selective for PfFPPS/GGPPS and showed no activity against human FPPS or GGPPS. Inhibition of PfFPPS/GGPPS by MMV019313, but not bisphosphonates, was disrupted in an S228T variant, demonstrating that MMV019313 and bisphosphonates have distinct modes of inhibition. Molecular docking indicated that MMV019313 did not bind previously characterized substrate sites in PfFPPS/GGPPS. Our finding uncovers a new, selective small-molecule binding site in this important antimalarial drug target with superior druggability compared with the known inhibitor site and sets the stage for the development of Plasmodium-specific FPPS/GGPPS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolyn E Gisselberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zachary Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lindsey M Orchard
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Manuel Llinás
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ellen Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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28
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Park J, Rodionov D, De Schutter JW, Lin YS, Tsantrizos YS, Berghuis AM. Crystallographic and thermodynamic characterization of phenylaminopyridine bisphosphonates binding to human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186447. [PMID: 29036218 PMCID: PMC5643135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS) catalyzes the production of the 15-carbon isoprenoid farnesyl pyrophosphate. The enzyme is a key regulator of the mevalonate pathway and a well-established drug target. Notably, it was elucidated as the molecular target of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, a class of drugs that have been widely successful against bone resorption disorders. More recently, research has focused on the anticancer effects of these inhibitors. In order to achieve increased non-skeletal tissue exposure, we created phenylaminopyridine bisphosphonates (PNP-BPs) that have bulky hydrophobic side chains through a structure-based approach. Some of these compounds have proven to be more potent than the current clinical drugs in a number of antiproliferation assays using multiple myeloma cell lines. In the present work, we characterized the binding of our most potent PNP-BPs to the target enzyme, hFPPS. Co-crystal structures demonstrate that the molecular interactions designed to elicit tighter binding are indeed established. We carried out thermodynamic studies as well; the newly introduced protein-ligand interactions are clearly reflected in the enthalpy of binding measured, which is more favorable for the new PNP-BPs than for the lead compound. These studies also indicate that the affinity of the PNP-BPs to hFPPS is comparable to that of the current drug risedronate. Risedronate forms additional polar interactions via its hydroxyl functional group and thus exhibits more favorable binding enthalpy; however, the entropy of binding is more favorable for the PNP-BPs, owing to the greater desolvation effects resulting from their large hydrophobic side chains. These results therefore confirm the overall validity of our drug design strategy. With a distinctly different molecular scaffold, the PNP-BPs described in this report represent an interesting new group of future drug candidates. Further investigation should follow to characterize the tissue distribution profile and assess the potential clinical benefits of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeok Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dmitry Rodionov
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Yih-Shyan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Youla S. Tsantrizos
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Albert M. Berghuis
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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29
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Park J, Leung CY, Matralis AN, Lacbay CM, Tsakos M, Fernandez De Troconiz G, Berghuis AM, Tsantrizos YS. Pharmacophore Mapping of Thienopyrimidine-Based Monophosphonate (ThP-MP) Inhibitors of the Human Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2119-2134. [PMID: 28208018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS), a key regulatory enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, catalyzes the biosynthesis of the C-15 isoprenoid farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). FPP plays a crucial role in the post-translational prenylation of small GTPases that perform a plethora of cellular functions. Although hFPPS is a well-established therapeutic target for lytic bone diseases, the currently available bisphosphonate drugs exhibit poor cellular uptake and distribution into nonskeletal tissues. Recent drug discovery efforts have focused primarily on allosteric inhibition of hFPPS and the discovery of non-bisphosphonate drugs for potentially treating nonskeletal diseases. Hit-to-lead optimization of a new series of thienopyrimidine-based monosphosphonates (ThP-MPs) led to the identification of analogs with nanomolar potency in inhibiting hFPPS. Their interactions with the allosteric pocket of the enzyme were characterized by crystallography, and the results provide further insight into the pharmacophore requirements for allosteric inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeok Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Chun Yuen Leung
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Alexios N Matralis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Cyrus M Lacbay
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Michail Tsakos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | - Albert M Berghuis
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Youla S Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
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30
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Lievens L, Pollier J, Goossens A, Beyaert R, Staal J. Abscisic Acid as Pathogen Effector and Immune Regulator. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:587. [PMID: 28469630 PMCID: PMC5395610 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a sesquiterpene signaling molecule produced in all kingdoms of life. To date, the best known functions of ABA are derived from its role as a major phytohormone in plant abiotic stress resistance. Different organisms have developed different biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways related to ABA. Despite this, there are also intriguing common themes where ABA often suppresses host immune responses and is utilized by pathogens as an effector molecule. ABA also seems to play an important role in compatible mutualistic interactions such as mycorrhiza and rhizosphere bacteria with plants, and possibly also the animal gut microbiome. The frequent use of ABA in inter-species communication could be a possible reason for the wide distribution and re-invention of ABA as a signaling molecule in different organisms. In humans and animal models, it has been shown that ABA treatment or nutrient-derived ABA is beneficial in inflammatory diseases like colitis and type 2 diabetes, which confer potential to ABA as an interesting nutraceutical or pharmacognostic drug. The anti-inflammatory activity, cellular metabolic reprogramming, and other beneficial physiological and psychological effects of ABA treatment in humans and animal models has sparked an interest in this molecule and its signaling pathway as a novel pharmacological target. In contrast to plants, however, very little is known about the ABA biosynthesis and signaling in other organisms. Genes, tools and knowledge about ABA from plant sciences and studies of phytopathogenic fungi might benefit biomedical studies on the physiological role of endogenously generated ABA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Lievens
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIBGhent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIBGhent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIBGhent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIBGhent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIBGhent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Jens Staal
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