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Han SM, Nahmgoong H, Yim KM, Kim JB. How obesity affects adipocyte turnover. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00185-1. [PMID: 39095230 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Cellular turnover is fundamental for tissue homeostasis and integrity. Adipocyte turnover, accounting for 4% of the total cellular mass turnover in humans, is essential for adipose tissue homeostasis during metabolic stress. In obesity, an altered adipose tissue microenvironment promotes adipocyte death. To clear dead adipocytes, macrophages are recruited and form a distinctive structure known as crown-like structure; subsequently, new adipocytes are generated from adipose stem and progenitor cells in the adipogenic niche to replace dead adipocytes. Accumulating evidence indicates that adipocyte death, clearance, and adipogenesis are sophisticatedly orchestrated during adipocyte turnover. In this Review, we summarize our current understandings of each step in adipocyte turnover, discussing its key players and regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mun Han
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Yim
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Yang YH, Fan XX, Ye L, Huang WJ, Ko CY. Examining the molecular mechanisms of topiramate in alleviating insulin resistance: A study on C2C12 myocytes and 3T3L-1 adipocytes. Endocrine 2024; 85:168-180. [PMID: 38308786 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Migraine, a severely debilitating condition, may be effectively managed with topiramate, known for its migraine prevention and weight loss properties due to changes in body muscle and fat composition and improved insulin sensitivity. However, the mechanism of topiramate in modulating insulin response in adipocytes and myocytes remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate these molecular mechanisms, offering insights into its role in weight management for migraine sufferers and underpinning its clinical application. METHODS Insulin resistance improvements were evaluated through glucose uptake measurements in C2C12 muscle cells and 3T3L-1 adipocytes, with Oil red O staining conducted on adipocytes. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis was used to identify the regulatory target genes of topiramate in these cells. The involvement of key genes and pathways was further validated through western blot analysis. RESULTS Topiramate effectively reduced insulin resistance in C2C12 and 3T3L-1 cells. In C2C12 cells, it significantly lowered SORBS1 gene and protein levels. In 3T3L-1 cells, topiramate upregulated CTGF and downregulated MAPK8 and KPNA1 genes. Changes were notable in nuclear cytoplasmic transport and circadian signaling pathways. Furthermore, it caused downregulation of MKK7, pJNK1/ JNK1, BMAL1, and CLOCK proteins compared to the insulin-resistant model. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary insights into the mechanisms through which topiramate modulates insulin resistance in C2C12 myocytes and 3T3L-1 adipocytes, enhancing our understanding of its therapeutic potential in managing weight and insulin sensitivity in migraine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Yang
- The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xi-Xin Fan
- The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Lichao Ye
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 3620000, China
| | - Wen-Jian Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
- Huidong Center for Chronic Disease Control, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, 516300, China
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
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Ding F, Zheng P, Fang H, Luo Y, Yan X, Chen H, Yan Y. Adipocyte-specific FAK deletion promotes pancreatic β-cell apoptosis via adipose inflammatory response to exacerbate diabetes mellitus. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1742. [PMID: 38925910 PMCID: PMC11208094 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White adipose tissue (WAT) has a key role in maintaining energy balance throughout the body, and their dysfunction take part in the regulation of diabetes mellitus. However, the internal regulatory mechanisms underlying are still unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated adipocyte-specific FAK KO (FAK-AKO) mice and investigated their phenotype. The cascade of adipocyte, macrophage in adipocyte tissues, and pancreatic β-cells were proposed in FAK-AKO mice and validated by cell line studies using 3T3-L1, Raw264.7 and Min6. The FAK-AKO mice exhibited glucose intolerance, reduced adipose tissue mass and increased apoptosis, lipolysis and inflammatory response in adipose tissue. We further demonstrate that adipocyte FAK deletion increases β cell apoptosis and inflammatory infiltrates into islets, which is potentiated if mice were treated with STZ. In the STZ-induced diabetes model, FAK AKO mice exhibit less serum insulin content and pancreatic β cell area. Moreover, serum pro-inflammatory factors increased and insulin levels decreased after glucose stimulation in FAK AKO mice. In a parallel vitro experiment, knockdown or inhibition of FAK during differentiation also increased apoptosis, lipolysis and inflammatory in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, whereas the opposite was observed upon overexpression of FAK. Moreover, coculturing LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages with knockdown FAK of 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased macrophage pro-inflammatory response. Furthermore, conditioned medium from above stimulated Min6 cells apoptosis (with or without STZ), whereas the opposite was observed upon overexpression of FAK. Mechanistically, FAK protein interact with TRAF6 in adipocytes and knockdown or inhibition of FAK activated TRAF6/TAK1/NF-κB signaling, which exacerbates inflammation of adipocytes themselves. CONCLUSION Adipocyte FAK deletion promotes both adipocyte apoptosis and adipose tissue inflammation. Pro-inflammatory factors released by the FAK-null adipose tissue further trigger apoptosis in pancreatic islets induced by the administration of STZ, thereby exacerbating the diabetes mellitus. This study reveals a link between FAK-mediated adipose inflammation and diabetes mellitus, a mechanism that has not been previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- Department of PharmacologyWuhan University School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of PharmacologyWuhan University School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Hong‐Ting Fang
- Department of PharmacologyWuhan University School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Luo
- Department of PharmacologyWuhan University School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Xi‐Yue Yan
- Department of PharmacologyWuhan University School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Hui‐Jian Chen
- Department of PharmacologyWuhan University School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhanChina
| | - You‐E Yan
- Department of PharmacologyWuhan University School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhanChina
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Benedet PO, Safikhan NS, Pereira MJ, Lum BM, Botezelli JD, Kuo CH, Wu HL, Craddock BP, Miller WT, Eriksson JW, Yue JTY, Conway EM. CD248 promotes insulin resistance by binding to the insulin receptor and dampening its insulin-induced autophosphorylation. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104906. [PMID: 38061240 PMCID: PMC10750038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of new treatments, the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its morbidities continue to rise. The key feature of T2D is resistance of adipose tissue and other organs to insulin. Approaches to overcome insulin resistance are limited due to a poor understanding of the mechanisms and inaccessibility of drugs to relevant intracellular targets. We previously showed in mice and humans that CD248, a pre/adipocyte cell surface glycoprotein, acts as an adipose tissue sensor that mediates the transition from healthy to unhealthy adipose, thus promoting insulin resistance. METHODS Molecular mechanisms by which CD248 regulates insulin signaling were explored using in vivo insulin clamp studies and biochemical analyses of cells/tissues from CD248 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. Findings were validated with human adipose tissue specimens. FINDINGS Genetic deletion of CD248 in mice, overcame diet-induced insulin resistance with improvements in glucose uptake and lipolysis in white adipose tissue depots, effects paralleled by increased adipose/adipocyte GLUT4, phosphorylated AKT and GSK3β, and reduced ATGL. The insulin resistance of the WT mice could be attributed to direct interaction of the extracellular domains of CD248 and the insulin receptor (IR), with CD248 acting to block insulin binding to the IR. This resulted in dampened insulin-mediated autophosphorylation of the IR, with reduced downstream signaling/activation of intracellular events necessary for glucose and lipid homeostasis. INTERPRETATION Our discovery of a cell-surface CD248-IR complex that is accessible to pharmacologic intervention, opens research avenues toward development of new agents to prevent/reverse insulin resistance. FUNDING Funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Canada Foundations for Innovation (CFI), the Swedish Diabetes Foundation, Family Ernfors Foundation and Novo Nordisk Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia O Benedet
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nooshin S Safikhan
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology & Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Bryan M Lum
- Department of Physiology, Alberta Diabetes Institute and Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - José Diego Botezelli
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Barbara P Craddock
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - W Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology & Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Jessica T Y Yue
- Department of Physiology, Alberta Diabetes Institute and Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward M Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Yang X, Lu X, Wang L, Bai L, Yao R, Jia Z, Ma Y, Chen Y, Hao H, Wu X, Wang Z, Wang Y. Stearic acid promotes lipid synthesis through CD36/Fyn/FAK/mTORC1 axis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127324. [PMID: 37838116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Stearic acid (C18:0, SA) is a saturated long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) that has a prominent function in lactating dairy cows. It is obtained primarily from the diet and is stored in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules. The transmembrane glycoprotein cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is also known as fatty acid translocase, but whether SA promotes lipid synthesis through CD36 and FAK/mTORC1 signaling is unknown. In this study, we examined the function and mechanism of CD36-mediated SA-induced lipid synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). SA-enriched supplements enhanced lipid synthesis and the FAK/mTORC1 pathway in BMECs. SA-induced lipid synthesis, FAK/mTORC1 signaling, and the expression of lipogenic genes were impaired by anti-CD36 and the CD36-specific inhibitor SSO, whereas overexpression of CD36 effected the opposite results. Inhibition of FAK/mTORC1 by TAE226/Rapamycin attenuated SA-induced TAG synthesis, inactivated FAK/mTORC1 signaling, and downregulated the lipogenic genes PPARG, CD36, ACSL1, SCD, GPAT4, LIPIN1, and DGAT1 at the mRNA and protein levels in BMECs. By coimmunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid screen, CD36 interacted directly with Fyn but not Lyn, and Fyn bound directly to FAK; FAK also interacted directly with TSC2. CD36 linked FAK through Fyn, and FAK coupled mTORC1 through TSC2 to form the CD36/Fyn/FAK/mTORC1 signaling axis. Thus, stearic acid promotes lipogenesis through CD36 and Fyn/FAK/mTORC1 signaling in BMECs. Our findings provide novel insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms by which LCFA supplements promote lipid synthesis in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Linfeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ruiyuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Zhibo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuze Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; School of Life Sciences, Jining Normal University, Jining 012000, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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Luk CT, Chan CK, Chiu F, Shi SY, Misra PS, Li YZ, Pollock-Tahiri E, Schroer SA, Desai HR, Sivasubramaniyam T, Cai EP, Krishnamurthy M, Han DJ, Chowdhury A, Aslam R, Yuen DA, Hakem A, Hakem R, Woo M. Dual Role of Caspase 8 in Adipocyte Apoptosis and Metabolic Inflammation. Diabetes 2023; 72:1751-1765. [PMID: 37699387 DOI: 10.2337/db22-1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Caspases are cysteine-aspartic proteases that were initially discovered to play a role in apoptosis. However, caspase 8, in particular, also has additional nonapoptotic roles, such as in inflammation. Adipocyte cell death and inflammation are hypothesized to be initiating pathogenic factors in type 2 diabetes. Here, we examined the pleiotropic role of caspase 8 in adipocytes and obesity-associated insulin resistance. Caspase 8 expression was increased in adipocytes from mice and humans with obesity and insulin resistance. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with caspase 8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK decreased both death receptor-mediated signaling and targets of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) signaling. We generated novel adipose tissue and adipocyte-specific caspase 8 knockout mice (aP2Casp8-/- and adipoqCasp8-/-). Both males and females had improved glucose tolerance in the setting of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Knockout mice also gained less weight on HFD, with decreased adiposity, adipocyte size, and hepatic steatosis. These mice had decreased adipose tissue inflammation and decreased activation of canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, they demonstrated increased energy expenditure, core body temperature, and UCP1 expression. Adipocyte-specific activation of Ikbkb or housing mice at thermoneutrality attenuated improvements in glucose tolerance. These data demonstrate an important role for caspase 8 in mediating adipocyte cell death and inflammation to regulate glucose and energy homeostasis. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Caspase 8 is increased in adipocytes from mice and humans with obesity and insulin resistance. Knockdown of caspase 8 in adipocytes protects mice from glucose intolerance and weight gain on a high-fat diet. Knockdown of caspase 8 decreases Fas signaling, as well as canonical and noncanonical nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) signaling in adipose tissue. Improved glucose tolerance occurs via reduced activation of NF-κB signaling and via induction of UCP1 in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia T Luk
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmen K Chan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felix Chiu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sally Yu Shi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paraish S Misra
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu Zhe Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan Pollock-Tahiri
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Schroer
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harsh R Desai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tharini Sivasubramaniyam
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica P Cai
- Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Daniel J Han
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Apu Chowdhury
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rukhsana Aslam
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren A Yuen
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Hakem
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Minna Woo
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network/Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Shin J, Toyoda S, Okuno Y, Hayashi R, Nishitani S, Onodera T, Sakamoto H, Ito S, Kobayashi S, Nagao H, Kita S, Otsuki M, Fukuhara A, Nagata K, Shimomura I. HSP47 levels determine the degree of body adiposity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7319. [PMID: 37951979 PMCID: PMC10640548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiposity varies among individuals with the influence of diverse physiological, pathological, environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors, but a unified molecular basis remains elusive. Here, we identify HSP47, a collagen-specific chaperone, as a key determinant of body adiposity. HSP47 expression is abundant in adipose tissue; increased with feeding, overeating, and obesity; decreased with fasting, exercise, calorie restriction, bariatric surgery, and cachexia; and correlated with fat mass, BMI, waist, and hip circumferences. Insulin and glucocorticoids, respectively, up- and down-regulate HSP47 expression. In humans, the increase of HSP47 gene expression by its intron or synonymous variants is associated with higher body adiposity traits. In mice, the adipose-specific knockout or pharmacological inhibition of HSP47 leads to lower body adiposity compared to the control. Mechanistically, HSP47 promotes collagen dynamics in the folding, secretion, and interaction with integrin, which activates FAK signaling and preserves PPARγ protein from proteasomal degradation, partly related to MDM2. The study highlights the significance of HSP47 in determining the amount of body fat individually and under various circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Shin
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shinichiro Toyoda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okuno
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reiko Hayashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nishitani
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Onodera
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Haruyo Sakamoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Ito
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kobayashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nagao
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunbun Kita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- JT Biohistory Research Hall, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Chen W, Yu H, Sun C, Dong M, Zhao N, Wang Y, Yu K, Zhang J, Xu N, Liu W. γ-Bungarotoxin impairs the vascular endothelial barrier function by inhibiting integrin α5. Toxicol Lett 2023; 383:177-191. [PMID: 37392970 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
γ-bungarotoxin (γ-BGT) is an RGD motif-containing protein, derived from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus, leading to acute death in mice. These RGD motif-containing proteins from snake venom belonging to the disintegrin family can interfere with vascular endothelial homeostasis by directly binding cell surface integrins. Targeting integrins that generate vascular endothelial dysfunction may contribute to γ-BGT poisoning, however, the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated in detail. In this study, the results showed that γ-BGT played a role in -promoting the permeability of the vascular endothelial barrier. Depending on its selective binding to integrin α5 in vascular endothelium (VE), γ-BGT initiated downstream events, including focal adhesion kinase dephosphorylation and cytoskeleton remodeling, resulting in the intercellular junction interruption. Those alternations facilitated paracellular permeability of VE and barrier dysfunction. Proteomics profiling identified that as a downstream effector of the integrin α5 / FAK signaling pathway cyclin D1 partially mediated the cellular structural changes and barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, VE-released plasminogen activator urokinase and platelet-derived growth factor D could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for γ-BGT-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Our results indicate the mechanisms through which γ-BGT as a novel disintegrin directly interacts with the VE, with consequences for barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, PR China
| | - Haotian Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Chengbiao Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Na Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Kaikai Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jianxu Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China
| | - Na Xu
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Wensen Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, PR China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, PR China.
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9
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Li Y, Guo L. The versatile role of Serpina3c in physiological and pathological processes: a review of recent studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1189007. [PMID: 37288300 PMCID: PMC10242157 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1189007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine Serpina3c belongs to the family of serine protease inhibitors (Serpins), clade "A" and its human homologue is SerpinA3. Serpina3c is involved in some physiological processes, including insulin secretion and adipogenesis. In the pathophysiological process, the deletion of Serpina3c leads to more severe metabolic disorders, such as aggravated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and obesity. In addition, Serpina3c can improve atherosclerosis and regulate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. Many of these processes are directly or indirectly mediated by its inhibition of serine protease activity. Although its function has not been fully revealed, recent studies have shown its potential research value. Here, we aimed to summarize recent studies to provide a clearer view of the biological roles and the underlying mechanisms of Serpina3c.
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10
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Xu C, Zhou H, Jin Y, Sahay K, Robicsek A, Liu Y, Dong K, Zhou J, Barrett A, Su H, Chen W. Hepatic neddylation deficiency triggers fatal liver injury via inducing NF-κB-inducing kinase in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7782. [PMID: 36526632 PMCID: PMC9758150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The conjugation of neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8) to target proteins, termed neddylation, participates in many cellular processes and is aberrant in various pathological diseases. Its relevance to liver function and failure remains poorly understood. Herein, we show dysregulated expression of NAE1, a regulatory subunit of the only NEDD8 E1 enzyme, in human acute liver failure. Embryonic- and adult-onset deletion of NAE1 in hepatocytes causes hepatocyte death, inflammation, and fibrosis, culminating in fatal liver injury in mice. Hepatic neddylation deficiency triggers oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hepatocyte reprogramming, potentiating liver injury. Importantly, NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), a serine/Thr kinase, is a neddylation substrate. Neddylation of NIK promotes its ubiquitination and degradation. Inhibition of neddylation conversely causes aberrant NIK activation, accentuating hepatocyte damage and inflammation. Administration of N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione surrogate and antioxidant, mitigates liver failure caused by hepatic NAE1 deletion in adult male mice. Therefore, hepatic neddylation is important in maintaining postnatal and adult liver homeostasis, and the identified neddylation targets/pathways provide insights into therapeutically intervening acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Yulan Jin
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Khushboo Sahay
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Anna Robicsek
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Yisong Liu
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Amanda Barrett
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Huabo Su
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Weiqin Chen
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
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11
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Zhang Z, Li J, Jiao S, Han G, Zhu J, Liu T. Functional and clinical characteristics of focal adhesion kinases in cancer progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1040311. [PMID: 36407100 PMCID: PMC9666724 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and an adaptor protein that primarily regulates adhesion signaling and cell migration. FAK promotes cell survival in response to stress. Increasing evidence has shown that at the pathological level, FAK is highly expressed in multiple tumors in several systems (including lung, liver, gastric, and colorectal cancers) and correlates with tumor aggressiveness and patient prognosis. At the molecular level, FAK promotes tumor progression mainly by altering survival signals, invasive capacity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the tumor microenvironment, the Warburg effect, and stemness of tumor cells. Many effective drugs have been developed based on the comprehensive role of FAK in tumor cells. In addition, its potential as a tumor marker cannot be ignored. Here, we discuss the pathological and pre-clinical evidence of the role of FAK in cancer development; we hope that these findings will assist in FAK-based clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Simin Jiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guangda Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianzhou Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Tianzhou Liu,
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12
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Han DJ, Aslam R, Misra PS, Chiu F, Ojha T, Chowdhury A, Chan CK, Sung HK, Yuen DA, Luk CT. Disruption of adipocyte YAP improves glucose homeostasis in mice and decreases adipose tissue fibrosis. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101594. [PMID: 36165813 PMCID: PMC9551211 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue is a very dynamic metabolic organ that plays an essential role in regulating whole-body glucose homeostasis. Dysfunctional adipose tissue hypertrophy with obesity is associated with fibrosis and type 2 diabetes. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) is a transcription cofactor important in the Hippo signaling pathway. However, the role of YAP in adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis is unknown. METHODS To study the role of YAP with metabolic stress, we assessed how increased weight and insulin resistance impact YAP in humans and mouse models. To further investigate the in vivo role of YAP specifically in adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis, we developed adipose tissue-specific YAP knockout mice and placed them on either chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 12-14 weeks. To further study the direct role of YAP in adipocytes we used 3T3-L1 cells. RESULTS We found that YAP protein levels increase in adipose tissue from humans with type 2 diabetes and mouse models of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. This suggests that YAP signaling may contribute to adipocyte dysfunction and insulin resistance under metabolic stress conditions. On an HFD, adipose tissue YAP knockout mice had improved glucose tolerance compared to littermate controls. Perigonadal fat pad weight was also decreased in knockout animals, with smaller adipocyte size. Adipose tissue fibrosis and gene expression associated with fibrosis was decreased in vivo and in vitro in 3T3-L1 cells treated with a YAP inhibitor or siRNA. CONCLUSIONS We show that YAP is increased in adipose tissue with weight gain and insulin resistance. Disruption of YAP in adipocytes prevents glucose intolerance and adipose tissue fibrosis, suggesting that YAP plays an important role in regulating adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis with metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Han
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Keenan Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rukhsana Aslam
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paraish S. Misra
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Keenan Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Felix Chiu
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tanvi Ojha
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Apu Chowdhury
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Carmen K. Chan
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Keenan Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren A. Yuen
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Keenan Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia T. Luk
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Keenan Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada,Corresponding author. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, 5th Floor, Toronto Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada.
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13
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Detecting genetic epistasis by differential departure from independence. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:911-924. [PMID: 35606612 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Countering prior beliefs that epistasis is rare, genomics advancements suggest the other way. Current practice often filters out genomic loci with low variant counts before detecting epistasis. We argue that this practice is far from optimal because it can throw away strong epistatic patterns. Instead, we present the compensated Sharma-Song test to infer genetic epistasis in genome-wide association studies by differential departure from independence. The test does not require a minimum number of replicates for each variant. We also introduce algorithms to simulate epistatic patterns that differentially depart from independence. Using two simulators, the test performed comparably to the original Sharma-Song test when variant frequencies at a locus are marginally uniform; encouragingly, it has a marked advantage over alternatives when variant frequencies are marginally nonuniform. The test further revealed uniquely clean epistatic variants associated with chicken abdominal fat content that are not prioritized by other methods. Genes involved in most numbers of inferred epistasis between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) belong to pathways known for obesity regulation; many top SNPs are located on chromosome 20 and in intergenic regions. Measuring differential departure from independence, the compensated Sharma-Song test offers a practical choice for studying epistasis robust to nonuniform genetic variant frequencies.
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14
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Li BY, Guo YY, Xiao G, Guo L, Tang QQ. SERPINA3C ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation through the Cathepsin G/Integrin/AKT pathway. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101500. [PMID: 35436587 PMCID: PMC9062745 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance, there is an urgent need for better treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the role of SERPINA3C, an adipocyte secreted protein, in obesity and related metabolic disorders. Methods Male wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammation were assessed. AAV-mediated overexpression of SERPINA3C was injected locally in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) to examine the effect of SERPINA3C. In vitro analyses were conducted in 3T3-L1 adipocytes to explore the molecular pathways underlying the function of SERPINA3C. Results Functional exploration of the SERPINA3C knockout mice revealed that SERPINA3C deficiency led to an impaired metabolic phenotype (more severe obesity, lower metabolic rates, worse glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity), which was associated with anabatic inflammation and apoptosis of white adipose tissues. Consistent with these results, overexpression of SERPINA3C in inguinal adipose tissue protected mice against diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders with less inflammation and apoptosis in adipose tissue. Mechanistically, SERPINA3C inhibited Cathepsin G activity, acting as a serine protease inhibitor, which blocked Cathepsin G-mediated turnover of α5/β1 Integrin protein. Then, the preserved integrity (increase) of α5/β1 Integrin signaling activated AKT to decrease JNK phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting inflammation and promoting insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. Conclusions/interpretation These findings demonstrate a previously unknown SERPINA3C/Cathepsin G/Integrin/AKT pathway in regulating adipose tissue inflammation, and suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting SERPINA3C/Cathepsin G axis in adipose tissue for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. SERPINA3C deletion aggravated HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation in mice. Overexpression of SERPINA3C in iWAT alleviated HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation. SERPINA3C relieved adipose inflammation by inhibiting Cathepsin G-mediated turnover of Integrin α5/β1 to activate AKT. The SERPINA3C/Cathepsin G axis in adipose might be a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying-Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Kinesiology, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Toyoda S, Shin J, Fukuhara A, Otsuki M, Shimomura I. Transforming growth factor β1 signaling links extracellular matrix remodeling to intracellular lipogenesis upon physiological feeding events. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101748. [PMID: 35189145 PMCID: PMC8931428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dynamically changes its mass in response to external nutritional status, which plays an important role in maintaining the lipid homeostasis. Physiologically, feeding events are associated with the expansion of adipose tissue, but little is known about the detailed molecular mechanisms of this expansion. Here, using comprehensive transcriptome analysis, we found that levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a key regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, were increased in adipose tissue under feeding conditions and associated with the lipogenic pathway. In addition, TGF-β receptors are highly expressed in adipose tissue, and pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β1 reduced adipose tissue mass and caused ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver. This reduced fat mass was associated with decreased gene expression in ECM remodeling and lipogenesis. Furthermore, similar results were observed in the adipose tissue of SMAD family member 3 knockout mice or upon systemic TGF-β neutralization, with significant reductions in both ECM remodeling and lipogenesis-related genes. Mechanistically, we found that insulin-induced TGF-β1 and cell-autonomous action remodels the ECM of adipocytes, which controls the downstream focal adhesion kinase–AKT signaling cascades and enhances the lipogenic pathway. Of note, destruction of collagens or matrix metalloproteinase/a disintegrin and metalloprotease activities, critical components of ECM remodeling, blocked TGF-β1-mediated focal adhesion kinase–AKT signaling and the lipogenic pathway. Taken together, this study identifies a previously unknown lipogenic role of TGF-β1 by which adipocytes can expand to adapt to physiological feeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Toyoda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jihoon Shin
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Adipose Management, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Chen HJ, Yan XY, Sun A, Zhang L, Zhang J, Yan YE. High-Fat-Diet-Induced Extracellular Matrix Deposition Regulates Integrin - FAK Signals in Adipose Tissue to Promote Obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101088. [PMID: 35106921 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE High-fat-diet (HFD) is an important factor in obesity. Extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates white adipose tissue (WAT), but its mechanism is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We used three models- HFD-fed mice, human with obesity and 3T3-L1 adipocytes with oleic acid (OA)/macromolecular crowders (MMC) treatment. We observed glucose and lipids metabolic disorders, increased collagen I/IV and LAMA2/4 and upregulated integrins (ITGA1/ITGA7) - FAK - JNK/ERK1/2 signals in obese WAT from mice and human. The upregulation of ECM - integrin - FAK signals was stronger in subcutaneous WAT than in visceral WAT of mice, but these results were reversed in human. In vitro, oleic acid (OA) promoted lipid accumulation and upregulated collagen IV, LAMA4 and p-JNK. MMC was used to induce ECM deposition in adipocytes. MMC promoted adipocyte differentiation and integrins - FAK - JNK/ERK1/2 signals. When FAK phosphorylation was inhibited, downstream p-JNK decreased. Inhibition of FAK phosphorylation reduced adipocyte differentiation, but MMC partially reversed this effect. CONCLUSION HFD-induced ECM deposition, whose signals were transmitted into adipocytes through upregulating ITGA1/ITGA7, activated the phosphorylation of intracellular FAK - JNK/ERK1/2 signals, and promoted adipogenesis in WAT. This mechanism provides novel therapeutic targets to treat obesity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xi-Yue Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - You-E Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
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17
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Van Meijel RLJ, Wang P, Bouwman F, Blaak EE, Mariman ECM, Goossens GH. The Effects of Mild Intermittent Hypoxia Exposure on the Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Proteome in Overweight and Obese Men: A First-in-Human Randomized, Single-Blind, and Cross-Over Study. Front Physiol 2022; 12:791588. [PMID: 35058800 PMCID: PMC8764283 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.791588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) oxygen tension (pO2) has been implicated in AT dysfunction and metabolic perturbations in both rodents and humans. Compelling evidence suggests that hypoxia exposure alters metabolism, at least partly through effects on AT. However, it remains to be elucidated whether mild intermittent hypoxia (MIH) exposure impacts the AT proteome. We performed a randomized, single-blind, and cross-over study to investigate the effects of seven consecutive days of MIH (FiO2 15%, 3x2h/d) compared to normoxia (FiO2 21%) exposure on the AT proteome in overweight/obese men. In vivo AT insulin sensitivity was determined by the gold standard hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and abdominal subcutaneous AT biopsies were collected under normoxic fasting conditions following both exposure regimens (day 8). AT proteins were isolated and quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. After correction for blood contamination, 1,022 AT protein IDs were identified, of which 123 were differentially expressed following MIH (p < 0.05). We demonstrate for the first time that MIH exposure, which markedly reduces in vivo AT oxygen tension, impacts the human AT proteome. Although we cannot exclude that a single differentially expressed protein might be a false positive finding, several functional pathways were altered by MIH exposure, also after adjustment for multiple testing. Specifically, differentially expressed proteins were involved in redox systems, cell-adhesion, actin cytoskeleton organization, extracellular matrix composition, and energy metabolism. The MIH-induced change in AT TMOD3 expression was strongly related to altered in vivo AT insulin sensitivity, thus linking MIH-induced effects on the AT proteome to metabolic changes in overweight/obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rens L J Van Meijel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Freek Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin C M Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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18
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Timmons JA, Anighoro A, Brogan RJ, Stahl J, Wahlestedt C, Farquhar DG, Taylor-King J, Volmar CH, Kraus WE, Phillips SM. A human-based multi-gene signature enables quantitative drug repurposing for metabolic disease. eLife 2022; 11:68832. [PMID: 35037854 PMCID: PMC8763401 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes, dementia, viral infection, and cardiovascular disease. Drug repurposing (DR) may identify treatments for IR; however, barriers include uncertainty whether in vitro transcriptomic assays yield quantitative pharmacological data, or how to optimise assay design to best reflect in vivo human disease. We developed a clinical-based human tissue IR signature by combining lifestyle-mediated treatment responses (>500 human adipose and muscle biopsies) with biomarkers of disease status (fasting IR from >1200 biopsies). The assay identified a chemically diverse set of >130 positively acting compounds, highly enriched in true positives, that targeted 73 proteins regulating IR pathways. Our multi-gene RNA assay score reflected the quantitative pharmacological properties of a set of epidermal growth factor receptor-related tyrosine kinase inhibitors, providing insight into drug target specificity; an observation supported by deep learning-based genome-wide predicted pharmacology. Several drugs identified are suitable for evaluation in patients, particularly those with either acute or severe chronic IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Timmons
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Augur Precision Medicine LTD, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jack Stahl
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | | | | | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | | | - Stuart M Phillips
- Faculty of Science, Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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19
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Vliora M, Grillo E, Corsini M, Ravelli C, Nintou E, Karligiotou E, Flouris AD, Mitola S. Irisin regulates thermogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130085. [PMID: 35016977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of the metabolic syndrome which along with its complications is an epidemic of the 21st century. Irisin is an adipo-myokine secreted mainly by skeletal muscle and targeting, among others, adipose tissue. In brown adipose tissue it upregulates uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) which is responsible for mitochondrial non-shivering thermogenesis. METHODS Here we analyzed the effects of irisin on the metabolic activity of 3T3-L1 derived adipocytes through a mitochondrial flux assay. We also assessed the effects of irisin on the intracellular signaling through Western Blot. Finally, the gene expression of ucp1 and lipolytic genes was examined through RT-qPCR. RESULTS Irisin affects mitochondrial respiration and lipolysis in a time-dependent manner through the regulation of PI3K-AKT pathway. Irisin also induces the expression of UCP1 and the regulation of NF-κB, and CREB and ERK pathways. CONCLUSION Our data supports the role of irisin in the induction of non-shivering thermogenesis, the regulation of energy expenditure and lipolysis in adipocytes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Irisin may be an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vliora
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eleni Nintou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Eleni Karligiotou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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20
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Gao H, Zhong Y, Ding Z, Lin S, Hou X, Tang W, Zhou X, Zou X, Shao J, Yang F, Bai X, Liu C, Cao H, Xiao G. Pinch Loss Ameliorates Obesity, Glucose Intolerance, and Fatty Liver by Modulating Adipocyte Apoptosis in Mice. Diabetes 2021; 70:2492-2505. [PMID: 34380695 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian focal adhesion proteins Pinch1/2 activate integrins and promote cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and migration; however, their roles in adipose tissue and metabolism are unclear. Here we find that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding dramatically increases expression of Pinch1/2 proteins in white adipose tissue (WAT) in mice. Furthermore, expression of Pinch1 is largely upregulated in WAT in leptin-deficient ob/ob type 2 diabetic mice and obese humans. While mice with loss of Pinch1 in adipocytes or global Pinch2 do not display any notable phenotypes, deleting Pinch1 in adipocytes and Pinch2 globally significantly decreases body weight and WAT mass, but not brown adipose tissue mass, in HFD-fed, but not normal chow diet-fed, mice. Pinch loss ameliorates HFD-induced glucose intolerance and fatty liver. After HFD challenge, Pinch loss slightly but significantly accelerates energy expenditure. While Pinch loss decreases adipocyte size and alters adipocyte size distribution, it greatly accelerates cell apoptosis primarily in epididymal WAT and to a lesser extent in subcutaneous WAT. In vitro studies demonstrate that Pinch loss accelerates adipocyte apoptosis by activating the Bim/Caspase-8 pathway. In vivo, genetic ablation of Caspase-8 expression in adipocytes essentially abolishes the ameliorating effects of Pinch deficiency on obesity, glucose intolerance, and fatty liver in mice. Thus, we demonstrate a previously unknown function of Pinch in control of adipose mass, glucose, and fat metabolism via modulation of adipocyte apoptosis. We may define a novel target for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqing Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sixiong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanze Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Huiling Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Collagen XV Promotes ER Stress-Induced Inflammation through Activating Integrin β1/FAK Signaling Pathway and M1 Macrophage Polarization in Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189997. [PMID: 34576160 PMCID: PMC8465275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen XV (Col XV), a basement membrane (BM) component, is highly expressed in adipose tissue, and studies have found that Col XV is related to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling involving in adipose tissue fibrosis and inflammation. Furthermore, the ECM is essential for maintaining normal development and tissue function. In this study, we found that Col XV is related to the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inflammation of adipose tissue. Moreover, we found that overexpression of Col XV in mice could cause macrophages to infiltrate white adipose tissue (iWAT). At the same time, the expression of the ERS sensor IRE1α (Inositol-Requiring Enzyme-1α) was significantly up-regulated, which intensified the inflammation of adipose tissue and the polarization of M1 macrophages after the overexpression of Col XV in mice. In addition, after overexpression of Col XV, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was significantly increased. Using focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor PF573228, we found that PF-573228 inhibited the phosphorylation of FAK and reversed the upward trend of Col XV-induced protein expression levels of IRE1α, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). After treatment with IRE1α inhibitor STF-083010, the results showed that the expression of adipocyte inflammation-related genes interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) significantly were decreased. Our results demonstrate that Col XV induces ER-stress in adipocytes by activating the Integrinβ1/FAK pathway and disrupting the intracellular Ca2+ balance. At the same time, Col XV regulates the inflammation induced by ER stress in adipocytes by promoting IRE1α/XBP1 (X-Box binding protein 1) signaling. Our study provides new ideas for solving the problems of adipose tissue metabolism disorders caused by abnormal accumulation of ECM.
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22
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De Luca M, Mandala M, Rose G. Towards an understanding of the mechanoreciprocity process in adipocytes and its perturbation with aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111522. [PMID: 34147549 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a complex organ, with multiple functions that are essential for maintaining metabolic health. A feature of AT is its capability to expand in response to physiological challenges, such as pregnancy and aging, and during chronic states of positive energy balance occurring throughout life. AT grows through adipogenesis and/or an increase in the size of existing adipocytes. One process that is required for healthy AT growth is the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is a necessary step to restore mechanical homeostasis and maintain tissue integrity and functionality. While the relationship between mechanobiology and adipogenesis is now well recognized, less is known about the role of adipocyte mechanosignaling pathways in AT growth. In this review article, we first summarize evidence linking ECM remodelling to AT expansion and how its perturbation is associated to a metabolically unhealthy phenotype. Subsequently, we highlight findings suggesting that molecules involved in the dynamic, bidirectional process (mechanoreciprocity) enabling adipocytes to sense changes in the mechanical properties of the ECM are interconnected to pathways regulating lipid metabolism. Finally, we discuss processes through which aging may influence the ability of adipocytes to appropriately respond to alterations in ECM composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Maurizio Mandala
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
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23
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Sivasubramaniyam T, Yang J, Pollock E, Chon J, Schroer SA, Li YZ, Metherel AH, Dodington DW, Bazinet RP, Woo M. Hepatic Igf1-Deficiency Protects Against Atherosclerosis in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6153998. [PMID: 33647942 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with distinct sex-specific pathogenic mechanisms that are poorly understood. Aging, a major independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, correlates with a decline in circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). However, the precise effects of Igf1 on atherosclerosis remain unclear. In the present study, we assessed the essential role of hepatic Igf1, the major source of circulating IGF-1, in atherogenesis. We generated hepatic Igf1-deficient atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-null mice (L-Igf1-/-ApoE-/-) using the Cre-loxP system driven by the Albumin promoter. Starting at 6 weeks of age, these mice and their littermate controls, separated into male and female groups, were placed on an atherogenic diet for 18 to 19 weeks. We show that hepatic Igf1-deficiency led to atheroprotection with reduced plaque macrophages in females, without significant effects in males. This protection from atherosclerosis in females was associated with increased subcutaneous adiposity and with impaired lipolysis. Moreover, this impaired lipid homeostasis was associated with disrupted adipokine secretion with reduced circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Together, our data show that endogenous hepatic Igf1 plays a sex-specific regulatory role in atherogenesis, potentially through athero-promoting effects of adipose tissue-derived IL-6 secretion. These data provide potential novel sex-specific mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharini Sivasubramaniyam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Evan Pollock
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Joseph Chon
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Schroer
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Yu Zhe Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - David W Dodington
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Health Network/ Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
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24
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Omics Approaches in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Addressing the Role of Extracellular Matrix in Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052756. [PMID: 33803198 PMCID: PMC7963192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling plays important roles in both white adipose tissue (WAT) and the skeletal muscle (SM) metabolism. Excessive adipocyte hypertrophy causes fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction in adipose tissue, as well as impaired adipogenesis. Similarly, disturbed ECM remodeling in SM has metabolic consequences such as decreased insulin sensitivity. Most of described ECM molecular alterations have been associated with DNA sequence variation, alterations in gene expression patterns, and epigenetic modifications. Among others, the most important epigenetic mechanism by which cells are able to modulate their gene expression is DNA methylation. Epigenome-Wide Association Studies (EWAS) have become a powerful approach to identify DNA methylation variation associated with biological traits in humans. Likewise, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and gene expression microarrays have allowed the study of whole-genome genetics and transcriptomics patterns in obesity and metabolic diseases. The aim of this review is to explore the molecular basis of ECM in WAT and SM remodeling in obesity and the consequences of metabolic complications. For that purpose, we reviewed scientific literature including all omics approaches reporting genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic (GWAS, EWAS, and RNA-seq or cDNA arrays) ECM-related alterations in WAT and SM as associated with metabolic dysfunction and obesity.
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25
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Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Wang J, Bäcker T, Krueger M, Zamani S, Rosowski S, Gruber T, Onogi Y, Feuchtinger A, Schulz TJ, Fässler R, Müller TD, García-Cáceres C, Meier M, Blüher M, Ussar S. Active integrins regulate white adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and brown fat thermogenesis. Mol Metab 2021; 45:101147. [PMID: 33359386 PMCID: PMC7808956 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Reorganization of the extracellular matrix is a prerequisite for healthy adipose tissue expansion, whereas fibrosis is a key feature of adipose dysfunction and inflammation. However, very little is known about the direct effects of impaired cell–matrix interaction in adipocyte function and insulin sensitivity. The objective of this study was to determine whether integrin activity can regulate insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and thereby systemic metabolism. Methods We characterized integrin activity in adipose tissue and its consequences on whole-body metabolism using adipose-selective deletion of β1 integrin (Itgb1adipo-cre) and Kindlin-2 (Kind2adipo-cre) in mice. Results We demonstrate that integrin signaling regulates white adipocyte insulin action and systemic metabolism. Consequently, loss of adipose integrin activity, similar to loss of adipose insulin receptors, results in a lipodystrophy-like phenotype and systemic insulin resistance. However, brown adipose tissue of Kind2adipo-cre and Itgb1adipo-cre mice is chronically hyperactivated and has increased substrate delivery, reduced endothelial basement membrane thickness, and increased endothelial vesicular transport. Conclusions Thus, we establish integrin-extracellular matrix interactions as key regulators of white and brown adipose tissue function and whole-body metabolism. β1 and β3 integrins interact with insulin signaling to regulate white adipocyte insulin sensitivity and systemic metabolism. Impaired integrin activity results in lipodystrophy in the absence of hepatosteatosis. β1 integrin activity regulates energy expenditure and vascular permeability in brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jiefu Wang
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Bäcker
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Krueger
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samira Zamani
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Rosowski
- Microfluidic and Biological Engineering, Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Gruber
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Microfluidic and Biological Engineering, Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Puckett D, Alquraishi M, Alani DS, Chahed S, Frankel VD, Donohoe D, Voy B, Whelan J, Bettaieb A. Zyflamend, a unique herbal blend, induces cell death and inhibits adipogenesis through the coordinated regulation of PKA and JNK. Adipocyte 2020; 9:454-471. [PMID: 32779962 PMCID: PMC7469463 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1803642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities has sparked a worldwide concern to address rates of adipose tissue accrual. Recent studies have demonstrated a novel role of Zyflamend, a blend of natural herbal extracts, in regulating lipid metabolism in several cancer cell lines through the activation of the AMPK signalling pathway. Yet, the role of Zyflamend in adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism remains largely unexplored. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Zyflamend on white 3T3-MBX pre-adipocyte differentiation and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. We demonstrate that Zyflamend treatment altered cell cycle progression, attenuated proliferation, and increased cell death of 3T3-MBX pre-adipocytes. In addition, treatment with Zyflamend inhibited lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-MBX cells, consistent with decreased expression of lipogenic genes and increased lipolysis. Mechanistically, Zyflamend-induced alterations in adipogenesis were mediated, at least in part, through the activation of AMPK, PKA, and JNK. Inhibition of AMPK partially reversed Zyflamend-induced inhibition of differentiation, whereas the inhibition of either JNK or PKA fully restored adipocyte differentiation and decreased lipolysis. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that Zyflamend, as a novel anti-adipogenic bioactive mix, inhibits adipocyte differentiation through the activation of the PKA and JNK pathways. Abbreviation: 7-AAD: 7-amino-actinomycin D; ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AKT: protein kinase B; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATGL: adipose triglyceride lipase; C/EBPα: CCAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha; DMEM: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulphoxide; DTT: dithiothreitol; EGTA: ethylene glycol-bis-(2-aminoethyl)-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid; ERK: extracellular signal–regulated kinases; FASN: fatty acid synthase; FBS: foetal bovine serum; GLUT: glucose transporter; HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase; IR: insulin receptor; IRS: insulin receptor substrate; JNK: c-JUN N-terminal kinase; MGL: monoacylglycerol lipase; NaF: sodium fluoride; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; PBS: phosphate buffered- saline; PCB: pyruvate carboxylase; PDE: phosphodiesterase; PKA: protein kinase cAMP-dependent; PMSF: phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; PPARγ: perilipin peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PREF-1: pre-adipocyte factor 1; PVDF: polyvinylidene fluoride; RIPA: radio-immunoprecipitation assay; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SEM: standard error of the mean; SOX9: suppressor of cytokine signalling 9; TGs: triacylglycerols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter Puckett
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammed Alquraishi
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Dina S. Alani
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Samah Chahed
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Victoria D. Frankel
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Dallas Donohoe
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Brynn Voy
- Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jay Whelan
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Steering cell behavior through mechanobiology in 3D: A regenerative medicine perspective. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120572. [PMID: 33285439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanobiology, translating mechanical signals into biological ones, greatly affects cellular behavior. Steering cellular behavior for cell-based regenerative medicine approaches requires a thorough understanding of the orchestrating molecular mechanisms, among which mechanotransducive ones are being more and more elucidated. Because of their wide use and highly mechanotransduction dependent differentiation, this review focuses on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), while also briefly relating the discussed results to other cell types. While the mechanotransduction pathways are relatively well-studied in 2D, much remains unknown of the role and regulation of these pathways in 3D. Ultimately, cells need to be cultured in a 3D environment to create functional de novo tissue. In this review, we explore the literature on the roles of different material properties on cellular behavior and mechanobiology in 2D and 3D. For example, while stiffness plays a dominant role in 2D MSCs differentiation, it seems to be of subordinate importance in 3D MSCs differentiation, where matrix remodeling seems to be key. Also, the role and regulation of some of the main mechanotransduction players are discussed, focusing on MSCs. We have only just begun to fundamentally understand MSCs and other stem cells behavior in 3D and more fundamental research is required to advance biomaterials able to replicate the stem cell niche and control cell activity. This better understanding will contribute to smarter tissue engineering scaffold design and the advancement of regenerative medicine.
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Kumazoe M, Kadomatsu M, Bae J, Otsuka Y, Fujimura Y, Tachibana H. Src Mediates Epigallocatechin-3- O-Gallate-Elicited Acid Sphingomyelinase Activation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225481. [PMID: 33238540 PMCID: PMC7700551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) is one of the major bioactive compounds known to be present in green tea. We previously reported that EGCG shows selective toxicity through activation of the protein kinase B (Akt)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) axis via targeting its receptor 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR), which is overexpressed in cancer. However, little is known about upstream mechanisms of EGCG-elicited ASM activation. In this study we show that the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, also known as c-src, plays a crucial role in the anticancer effect of EGCG. We showed that EGCG elicits phosphorylation of Src at Tyr 416, a crucial phosphorylation site for its activity, and that the pharmacological inhibition of Src impedes the upstream events in EGCG-induced cell death signaling including upregulation of Akt activity, increase in cGMP levels, and activation of ASM. Moreover, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which is involved in the phosphorylation of Src, is colocalized with 67LR. EGCG treatment enhanced interaction of FAK and 67LR. Consistent with these findings, pharmacological inhibition of FAK significantly neutralized EGCG-induced upregulation of Akt activity and activation of ASM. Taken together, FAK/Src play crucial roles in the upstream signaling of EGCG.
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Wang L, Wang S, Shi Y, Li R, Günther S, Ong YT, Potente M, Yuan Z, Liu E, Offermanns S. YAP and TAZ protect against white adipocyte cell death during obesity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5455. [PMID: 33116140 PMCID: PMC7595161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of the white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity goes along with increased mechanical, metabolic and inflammatory stress. How adipocytes resist this stress is still poorly understood. Both in human and mouse adipocytes, the transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ and YAP/TAZ target genes become activated during obesity. When fed a high-fat diet (HFD), mice lacking YAP/TAZ in white adipocytes develop severe lipodystrophy with adipocyte cell death. The pro-apoptotic factor BIM, which is downregulated in adipocytes of obese mice and humans, is strongly upregulated in YAP/TAZ-deficient adipocytes under HFD, and suppression of BIM expression reduces adipocyte apoptosis. In differentiated adipocytes, TNFα and IL-1β promote YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation via activation of RhoA-mediated actomyosin contractility and increase YAP/TAZ-mediated transcriptional regulation by activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and AP-1. Our data indicate that the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway may be a target to control adipocyte cell death and compensatory adipogenesis during obesity.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/pathology
- Adipogenesis
- Animals
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/deficiency
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Death
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Trans-Activators/deficiency
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
| | - ShengPeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta District, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yue Shi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta District, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Yu Ting Ong
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany.
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30
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The role of caspase-8 in the tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 40:303-318. [PMID: 33026575 PMCID: PMC7897206 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-8 is an aspartate-specific cysteine protease, which is best known for its apoptotic functions. Caspase-8 is placed at central nodes of multiple signal pathways, regulating not only the cell cycle but also the invasive and metastatic cell behavior, the immune cell homeostasis and cytokine production, which are the two major components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Ovarian cancer often has dysregulated caspase-8 expression, leading to imbalance between its apoptotic and non-apoptotic functions within the tumor and the surrounding milieu. The downregulation of caspase-8 in ovarian cancer seems to be linked to high aggressiveness with chronic inflammation, immunoediting, and immune resistance. Caspase-8 plays therefore an essential role not only in the primary tumor cells but also in the TME by regulating the immune response, B and T lymphocyte activation, and macrophage differentiation and polarization. The switch between M1 and M2 macrophages is possibly associated with changes in the caspase-8 expression. In this review, we are discussing the non-apoptotic functions of caspase-8, highlighting this protein as a modulator of the immune response and the cytokine composition in the TME. Considering the low survival rate among ovarian cancer patients, it is urgently necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies to optimize the response to the standard treatment. The TME is highly heterogenous and provides a variety of opportunities for new drug targets. Given the variety of roles of caspase-8 in the TME, we should focus on this protein in the development of new therapeutic strategies against the TME of ovarian cancer.
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31
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CXCL13 is a differentiation- and hypoxia-induced adipocytokine that exacerbates the inflammatory phenotype of adipocytes through PHLPP1 induction. Biochem J 2020; 476:3533-3548. [PMID: 31710352 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia in adipose tissue is regarded as a trigger that induces dysregulation of the secretory profile in adipocytes. Similarly, local dysregulation of adipocytokine secretion is an initial event in the deleterious effects of obesity on metabolism. We previously reported that CXCL13 is highly produced during adipogenesis, however little is known about the roles of CXCL13 in adipocytes. Here, we found that hypoxia, as modeled by 1% O2 or exposure to the hypoxia-mimetic reagent desferrioxamine (DFO) has strong inductive effects on the expression of CXCL13 and CXCR5, a CXCL13 receptor, in both undifferentiated and differentiated adipocytes and in organ-cultured white adipose tissue (WAT). CXCL13 was also highly expressed in WAT from high fat diet-fed mice. Hypoxic profile, typified by increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and decreased expression of adiponectin, was significantly induced by CXCL13 treatment during adipogenic differentiation. Conversely, the treatment of adipocytes with a neutralizing-antibody against CXCL13 as well as CXCR5 knockdown by specific siRNA effectively inhibited DFO-induced inflammation. The phosphorylation of Akt2, a protective factor of adipose inflammation, was significantly inhibited by CXCL13 treatment during adipogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, CXCL13 induces the expression of PHLPP1, an Akt2 phosphatase, through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling; and correspondingly we show that CXCL13 and DFO-induced IL-6 and PAI-1 expression was blocked by Phlpp1 knockdown. Furthermore, we revealed the functional binding sites of PPARγ2 and HIF1-α within the Cxcl13 promoter. Taken together, these results indicate that CXCL13 is an adipocytokine that facilitates hypoxia-induced inflammation in adipocytes through FAK-mediated induction of PHLPP1 in autocrine and/or paracrine manner.
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Oguri Y, Shinoda K, Kim H, Alba DL, Bolus WR, Wang Q, Brown Z, Pradhan RN, Tajima K, Yoneshiro T, Ikeda K, Chen Y, Cheang RT, Tsujino K, Kim CR, Greiner VJ, Datta R, Yang CD, Atabai K, McManus MT, Koliwad SK, Spiegelman BM, Kajimura S. CD81 Controls Beige Fat Progenitor Cell Growth and Energy Balance via FAK Signaling. Cell 2020; 182:563-577.e20. [PMID: 32615086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues dynamically remodel their cellular composition in response to external cues by stimulating beige adipocyte biogenesis; however, the developmental origin and pathways regulating this process remain insufficiently understood owing to adipose tissue heterogeneity. Here, we employed single-cell RNA-seq and identified a unique subset of adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) that possessed the cell-intrinsic plasticity to give rise to beige fat. This beige APC population is proliferative and marked by cell-surface proteins, including PDGFRα, Sca1, and CD81. Notably, CD81 is not only a beige APC marker but also required for de novo beige fat biogenesis following cold exposure. CD81 forms a complex with αV/β1 and αV/β5 integrins and mediates the activation of integrin-FAK signaling in response to irisin. Importantly, CD81 loss causes diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue inflammation. These results suggest that CD81 functions as a key sensor of external inputs and controls beige APC proliferation and whole-body energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Oguri
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyeonwoo Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana L Alba
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W Reid Bolus
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Brown
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachana N Pradhan
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yong Chen
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rachel T Cheang
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Tsujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Caroline R Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanille Juliette Greiner
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ritwik Datta
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Yang
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kamran Atabai
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Discoidin domain receptor 1-deletion ameliorates fibrosis and promotes adipose tissue beiging, brown fat activity, and increased metabolic rate in a mouse model of cardiometabolic disease. Mol Metab 2020; 39:101006. [PMID: 32360427 PMCID: PMC7242876 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a collagen binding receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in atherosclerosis, fibrosis, and cancer. Our previous research showed that DDR1 could regulate smooth muscle cell trans-differentiation, fibrosis and calcification in the vascular system in cardiometabolic disease. This spectrum of activity led us to question whether DDR1 might also regulate adipose tissue fibrosis and remodeling. Methods We have used a diet-induced mouse model of cardiometabolic disease to determine whether DDR1 deletion impacts upon adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic dysfunction. Mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, followed by assessment of glucose and insulin tolerance, respiration via indirect calorimetry, and brown fat activity by FDG-PET. Results Feeding HFD induced DDR1 expression in white adipose tissue, which correlated with adipose tissue expansion and fibrosis. Ddr1−/− mice fed an HFD had improved glucose tolerance, reduced body fat, and increased brown fat activity and energy expenditure compared to Ddr1+/+ littermate controls. HFD-fed DDR1−/− mice also had reduced fibrosis, smaller adipocytes with multilocular lipid droplets, and increased UCP-1 expression characteristic of beige fat formation in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In vitro, studying C3H10T1/2 cells stimulated to differentiate, DDR1 inhibition caused a shift from white to beige adipocyte differentiation, whereas DDR1 expression was increased with TGFβ-mediated pro-fibrotic differentiation. Conclusion This study is the first to identify a role for DDR1 as a driver of adipose tissue fibrosis and suppressor of beneficial beige fat formation. DDR1 deletion results in decreased obesity, and increased energy expenditure and brown fat activity. DDR1 expression was increased in adipose and correlated with obesity and fibrosis. DDR1 deletion increased UCP-1 expression in brown and white fat in vivo, and in mesenchymal cells in vitro. Invitro studies suggest that DDR1 suppresses UCP-1 and drives pro-fibrotic differentiation of mesenchymal cells.
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Geng J, Fu W, Yu X, Lu Z, Liu Y, Sun M, Yu P, Li X, Fu L, Xu H, Sui D. Ginsenoside Rg3 Alleviates ox-LDL Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Prevents Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice by Regulating PPARγ/FAK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:500. [PMID: 32390845 PMCID: PMC7188907 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation of atherosclerosis (AS) induced by dyslipidemia is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction, including decreased healing ability and increased recruitment of monocytes. Studies showed ginsenoside Rg3 has potential to treat diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction which can protects against antineoplastic drugs induced cardiotoxicity by repairing endothelial function, while the effect and mechanism of Rg3 on dyslipidemia induced endothelial dysfunction and AS are not clear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of Rg3 on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) dysfunction and high-fat diets (HFD) induced atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice, as well as the mechanism. For in vitro assay, Rg3 enhanced healing of HUVECs and inhibited human monocytes (THP-1) adhesion to HUVECs disturbed by ox-LDL, down-regulated focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1); restrained the FAK-mediated non-adherent dependent pathway containing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 expression, activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), high mRNA levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), besides Rg3 up-regulated peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in ox-LDL-stimulated HUVECs. GW9662, the PPARγ-specific inhibitor, can repressed the effects of Rg3 on ox-LDL-stimulated HUVECs. For in vivo assay, Rg3 significantly reduced atherosclerotic pathological changes in ApoE−/− mice fed with HFD, up-regulated PPARγ, and inhibited activation FAK in aorta, thus inhibited expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 in intima. We conclude that Rg3 may protect endothelial cells and inhibit atherosclerosis by up-regulating PPARγ via repressing FAK-mediated pathways, indicating that Rg3 have good potential in preventing dyslipidemia induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanzhe Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Fu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation, Jilin Yatai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changchun, China.,Institute of Dalian Fusheng Natural Medicine, Dalian Fusheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dalian, China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Boroumand P, Klip A. Bone marrow adipose cells - cellular interactions and changes with obesity. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/5/jcs238394. [PMID: 32144195 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is a spatially restricted niche, housing cells of the hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages in various hierarchical commitment states. Although highly localized, cells within this niche are also subject to regulation by environmental and/or circulatory changes through extensive vascularization. Bone marrow adipocytes, derived from mesenchymal stem cells and once known as marrow space fillers, are a heterogeneous population. These cells reside in distinct niches within the bone marrow and interact with proximal cells, such as hematopoietic precursors and lineage-committed cells. In this diverse cellular milieu, bone marrow adipocytes influence commitment decisions and cellular lineage selection by interacting with stem and progenitor cells. In addition, bone marrow adipocytes respond to environmental changes, such as obesity, by undergoing hypertrophy, hyperplasia or adoption of characteristics resembling those of peripheral brown, beige or white adipocytes. Here, we review recent findings and concepts on the influence of bone marrow adipocytes on hematopoietic and other cellular lineages within this niche. We discuss how changes in local, systemic, cellular and secreted signals impact on mesenchymal stem cell expansion, differentiation and lineage commitment. Furthermore, we highlight that bone marrow adipocytes may be intermediaries conveying environmental cues to influence hematopoietic cellular survival, proliferation and preferential differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Boroumand
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Jain S, Yassin MA, Fuoco T, Liu H, Mohamed-Ahmed S, Mustafa K, Finne-Wistrand A. Engineering 3D degradable, pliable scaffolds toward adipose tissue regeneration; optimized printability, simulations and surface modification. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420954316. [PMID: 32983402 PMCID: PMC7498972 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420954316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a solution to regenerate adipose tissue using degradable, soft, pliable 3D-printed scaffolds made of a medical-grade copolymer coated with polydopamine. The problem today is that while printing, the medical grade copolyesters degrade and the scaffolds become very stiff and brittle, being not optimal for adipose tissue defects. Herein, we have used high molar mass poly(L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PLATMC) to engineer scaffolds using a direct extrusion-based 3D printer, the 3D Bioplotter®. Our approach was first focused on how the printing influences the polymer and scaffold's mechanical properties, then on exploring different printing designs and, in the end, on assessing surface functionalization. Finite element analysis revealed that scaffold's mechanical properties vary according to the gradual degradation of the polymer as a consequence of the molar mass decrease during printing. Considering this, we defined optimal printing parameters to minimize material's degradation and printed scaffolds with different designs. We subsequently functionalized one scaffold design with polydopamine coating and conducted in vitro cell studies. Results showed that polydopamine augmented stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation owing to increased surface hydrophilicity. Thus, the present research show that the medical grade PLATMC based scaffolds are a potential candidate towards the development of implantable, resorbable, medical devices for adipose tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Jain
- Department of Fibre and Polymer
Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Ahmad Yassin
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of
Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Hordaland,
Norway
| | - Tiziana Fuoco
- Department of Fibre and Polymer
Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hailong Liu
- Department of Fibre and Polymer
Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Solid Mechanics, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samih Mohamed-Ahmed
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of
Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Hordaland,
Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of
Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Hordaland,
Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer
Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Méndez-Gutiérrez A, Aguilera CM, Plaza-Díaz J. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling of Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194888. [PMID: 31581657 PMCID: PMC6801592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of different proteins and proteoglycans that controls differentiation, migration, repair, survival, and development, and it seems that its remodeling is required for healthy adipose tissue expansion. Obesity drives an excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes, which provokes immune cells infiltration, fibrosis (an excess of deposition of ECM components such as collagens, elastin, and fibronectin) and inflammation, considered a consequence of local hypoxia, and ultimately insulin resistance. To understand the mechanism of this process is a challenge to treat the metabolic diseases. This review is focused at identifying the putative role of ECM in adipose tissue, describing its structure and components, its main tissue receptors, and how it is affected in obesity, and subsequently the importance of an appropriate ECM remodeling in adipose tissue expansion to prevent metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- RG Adipocytes and metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea Méndez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción María Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Yoshino J, Patterson BW, Klein S. Adipose Tissue CTGF Expression is Associated with Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in Humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:957-962. [PMID: 31004409 PMCID: PMC6533148 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an important regulator of fibrogenesis in many organs. This study evaluated the interrelationship among adipose tissue CTGF expression, fat mass, and insulin resistance in humans. METHODS This study examined (1) CTGF gene expression in human subcutaneous preadipocytes before and after inducing adipogenesis; (2) relationships among abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue CTGF gene expression, body fat mass, and indices of insulin sensitivity, including the hepatic insulin sensitivity index and the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure in conjunction with stable isotope glucose tracer infusion, in 72 people who had marked differences in adiposity and insulin sensitivity; (3) localization of CTGF protein in subcutaneous adipose tissue; and (4) effect of progressive (5%, 11%, and 16%) weight loss on adipose tissue CTGF gene expression. RESULTS CTGF was highly expressed in preadipocytes, not adipocytes. Adipose tissue CTGF expression was strongly correlated with body fat mass and both skeletal muscle and liver insulin sensitivity, and CTGF-positive cells were predominantly found in areas of fibrosis. Progressive weight loss caused a stepwise decrease in adipose tissue CTGF expression. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that increased CTGF expression is associated with adipose tissue expansion, adipose tissue fibrosis, and multi-organ insulin resistance in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Zhang J, Gelman IH, Katsuta E, Liang Y, Wang X, Li J, Qu J, Yan L, Takabe K, Hochwald SN. Glucose Drives Growth Factor-Independent Esophageal Cancer Proliferation via Phosphohistidine-Focal Adhesion Kinase Signaling. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:37-60. [PMID: 30836148 PMCID: PMC6518323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Most targeted therapies against cancer are designed to block growth factor-stimulated oncogenic growth. However, response rates are low, and resistance to therapy is high. One mechanism might relate to the ability of tumor cells to induce growth factor-independent proliferation (GFIP). This project aims to understand how (1) cancer cells preferentially derive a major growth advantage by using critical metabolic products of glucose, such as phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), to drive proliferation and (2) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, but not esophageal adenocarcinoma cells, can induce GFIP by using glycolysis to activate phosphohistidine (poHis)-mediated signaling through focal adhesion kinase (FAK). METHODS The hypothesis to be tested is that ESCC GFIP induced by glucose is facilitated by PEP-mediated histidine phosphorylation (poHis) of FAK, leading to the possibility that ESCC progression can be targeted by blocking poHis signaling. Biochemical, molecular biological, and in vivo experiments including bromodeoxyuridine/5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine labeling, radioisotope tracing, CRISPR gene editing, and analysis of signaling gene sets in human cancer tissues and xenograft models were performed to define the mechanisms underlying ESCC GFIP. RESULTS Glucose promotes growth factor-independent DNA replication and accumulation of PEP in ESCC cells. PEP is the direct phospho-donor to poHis58-FAK within a known "HG" motif for histidine phosphorylation. Glucose-induced poHis58 promotes growth factor-independent FAK-mediated proliferation. Furthermore, glucose activates phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase/AKT via poHis58-FAK signaling. Non-phosphorylatable His58A-FAK reduces xenograft growth. CONCLUSIONS Glucose induces ESCC, but not esophageal adenocarcinoma GFIP via PEP-His58-FAK-AKT signaling. ESCC progression is controlled by actionable growth factor-independent, glucose-induced pathways that regulate proliferation through novel histidine phosphorylation of FAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Irwin H. Gelman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Eriko Katsuta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yuanzi Liang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jun Li
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jun Qu
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Steven N. Hochwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Steven N. Hochwald, MD, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263. fax: (716) 845-1060.
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40
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Xu Z, Isaji T, Fukuda T, Wang Y, Gu J. O-GlcNAcylation regulates integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration via formation of focal adhesion complexes. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:3117-3124. [PMID: 30587575 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification of a protein serine or threonine residue catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in the nucleus and cytoplasm. O-GlcNAcylation plays important roles in the cellular signaling that affect the different biological functions of cells, depending upon cell type. However, whether or not O-GlcNAcylation regulates cell adhesion and migration remains unclear. Here, we used the doxycycline-inducible short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system to establish an OGT knockdown (KD) HeLa cell line and found that O-GlcNAcylation is a key regulator for cell adhesion, migration, and focal adhesion (FA) complex formation. The expression levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation were remarkably suppressed 24 h after induction of doxycycline. Knockdown of OGT significantly promoted cell adhesion, but it suppressed the cell migration on fibronectin. The immunostaining with paxillin, a marker for FA plaque, clearly showed that the number of FAs was increased in the KD cells compared with that in the control cells. The O-GlcNAcylation levels of paxillin, talin, and focal adhesion kinase were down-regulated in KD cells. Interestingly, the complex formation between integrin β1, focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, and talin was greatly increased in KD cells. Consistently, levels of active integrin β1 were significantly enhanced in KD cells, whereas they were decreased in cells overexpressing OGT. The data suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for O-GlcNAcylation during FA complex formation, which thereby affects integrin activation and integrin-mediated functions such as cell adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan and
| | - Tomoya Isaji
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan and
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan and
| | - Yuqin Wang
- the Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Jianguo Gu
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan and
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Liu Z, Jin L, Yang JK, Wang B, Wu KKL, Hallenborg P, Xu A, Cheng KKY. The Dysfunctional MDM2-p53 Axis in Adipocytes Contributes to Aging-Related Metabolic Complications by Induction of Lipodystrophy. Diabetes 2018; 67:2397-2409. [PMID: 30131393 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Profound loss and senescence of adipose tissues are hallmarks of advanced age, but the underlying cause and their metabolic consequences remain obscure. Proper function of the murine double minute 2 (MDM2)-p53 axis is known to prevent tumorigenesis and several metabolic diseases, yet its role in regulation of adipose tissue aging is still poorly understood. In this study, we show that the proximal p53 inhibitor MDM2 is markedly downregulated in subcutaneous white and brown adipose tissues of mice during aging. Genetic disruption of MDM2 in adipocytes triggers canonical p53-mediated apoptotic and senescent programs, leading to age-dependent lipodystrophy and its associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, and energy imbalance. Surprisingly, this lipodystrophy mouse model also displays premature loss of physiological integrity, including impaired exercise capacity, multiple organ senescence, and shorter life span. Transplantation of subcutaneous fat rejuvenates the metabolic health of this aging-like lipodystrophy mouse model. Furthermore, senescence-associated secretory factors from MDM2-null adipocytes impede adipocyte progenitor differentiation via a non-cell-autonomous manner. Our findings suggest that tight regulation of the MDM2-p53 axis in adipocytes is required for adipose tissue dynamics and metabolic health during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Leigang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baile Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelvin K L Wu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip Hallenborg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth K Y Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Focal Adhesion Kinase and ROCK Signaling Are Switch-Like Regulators of Human Adipose Stem Cell Differentiation towards Osteogenic and Adipogenic Lineages. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2190657. [PMID: 30275837 PMCID: PMC6157106 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2190657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an attractive stem cell source for soft and bone tissue engineering applications and stem cell therapies. The adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have a multilineage differentiation capacity that is regulated through extracellular signals. The cellular events related to cell adhesion and cytoskeleton have been suggested as central regulators of differentiation fate decision. However, the detailed knowledge of these molecular mechanisms in human ASCs remains limited. This study examined the significance of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Rho-Rho-associated protein kinase (Rho-ROCK), and their downstream target extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) on hASCs differentiation towards osteoblasts and adipocytes. Analyses of osteogenic markers RUNX2A, alkaline phosphatase, and matrix mineralization revealed an essential role of active FAK, ROCK, and ERK1/2 signaling for the osteogenesis of hASCs. Inhibition of these kinases with specific small molecule inhibitors diminished osteogenesis, while inhibition of FAK and ROCK activity led to elevation of adipogenic marker genes AP2 and LEP and lipid accumulation implicating adipogenesis. This denotes to a switch-like function of FAK and ROCK signaling in the osteogenic and adipogenic fates of hASCs. On the contrary, inhibition of ERK1/2 kinase activity deceased adipogenic differentiation, indicating that activation of ERK signaling is required for both adipogenic and osteogenic potential. Our findings highlight the reciprocal role of cell adhesion mechanisms and actin dynamics in regulation of hASC lineage commitment. This study enhances the knowledge of molecular mechanisms dictating hASC differentiation and thus opens possibilities for more efficient control of hASC differentiation.
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Romidepsin Promotes Osteogenic and Adipocytic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Inhibition of Histondeacetylase Activity. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2379546. [PMID: 29731773 PMCID: PMC5872662 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2379546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into mesodermal lineage cells, including adipocytes and osteoblasts. However, the epigenetic mechanisms governing the lineage-specific commitment of BMSCs into adipocytes or osteoblasts are under investigation. Herein, we investigated the epigenetic effect of romidepsin, a small molecule dual inhibitor targeting HDAC1 and HDAC2 identified through an epigenetic library functional screen. BMSCs exposed to romidepsin (5 nM) exhibited enhanced adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation. Global gene expression and signaling pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes revealed a strong enrichment of genes involved in adipogenesis and osteogenesis in romidepsin-treated BMSCs during induction into adipocytes or osteoblasts, respectively. Pharmacological inhibition of FAK signaling during adipogenesis or inhibition of FAK or TGFβ signaling during osteogenesis diminished the biological effects of romidepsin on BMSCs. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated a significant increase in H3K9Ac epigenetic markers in the promoter regions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and KLF15 (related to adipogenesis) or SP7 (Osterix) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (related to osteogenesis) in romidepsin-treated BMSCs. Our data indicated that romidepsin is a novel in vitro modulator of adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs.
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44
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Lassiter DG, Nylén C, Sjögren RJO, Chibalin AV, Wallberg-Henriksson H, Näslund E, Krook A, Zierath JR. FAK tyrosine phosphorylation is regulated by AMPK and controls metabolism in human skeletal muscle. Diabetologia 2018; 61:424-432. [PMID: 29022062 PMCID: PMC6449061 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin-mediated signals and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated signals are activated in response to physiological conditions that represent energy abundance and shortage, respectively. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is implicated in insulin signalling and cancer progression in various non-muscle cell types and plays a regulatory role during skeletal muscle differentiation. The role of FAK in skeletal muscle in relation to insulin stimulation or AMPK activation is unknown. We examined the effects of insulin or AMPK activation on FAK phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle and the direct role of FAK on glucose and lipid metabolism. We hypothesised that insulin treatment and AMPK activation would have opposing effects on FAK phosphorylation and that gene silencing of FAK would alter metabolism. METHODS Human muscle was treated with insulin or the AMPK-activating compound 5-aminoimadazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) to determine FAK phosphorylation and glucose transport. Primary human skeletal muscle cells were used to study the effects of insulin or AICAR treatment on FAK signalling during serum starvation, as well as to determine the metabolic consequences of silencing the FAK gene, PTK2. RESULTS AMPK activation reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK in skeletal muscle. AICAR reduced p-FAKY397 in isolated human skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes. Insulin stimulation did not alter FAK phosphorylation. Serum starvation increased AMPK activation, as demonstrated by increased p-ACCS222, concomitant with reduced p-FAKY397. FAK signalling was reduced owing to serum starvation and AICAR treatment as demonstrated by reduced p-paxillinY118. Silencing PTK2 in primary human skeletal muscle cells increased palmitate oxidation and reduced glycogen synthesis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION AMPK regulates FAK signalling in skeletal muscle. Moreover, siRNA-mediated FAK knockdown enhances lipid oxidation while impairing glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle. Further exploration of the interaction between AMPK and FAK may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes and other chronic conditions associated with an altered metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Lassiter
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers väg 4a, IV, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Nylén
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers väg 4a, IV, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rasmus J O Sjögren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers väg 4a, IV, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers väg 4a, IV, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers väg 4a, IV, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Section of Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Minchin JEN, Rawls JF. Elucidating the role of plexin D1 in body fat distribution and susceptibility to metabolic disease using a zebrafish model system. Adipocyte 2017; 6:277-283. [PMID: 28792859 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1356504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer were responsible for 68% of all deaths worldwide in 2012. The regional distribution of lipid deposited within adipose tissue (AT) - so called body fat distribution (BFD) - is a strong risk factor for NCDs. BFD is highly heritable; however, the genetic basis of BFD is almost entirely unknown. Genome-wide association studies have identified several loci associated with BFD, including at Plexin D1 (PLXND1) - a gene known to modulate angiogenesis. We recently demonstrated that zebrafish homozygous for a null mutation in plxnd1 had a reduced capacity to store lipid in visceral AT (VAT) leading to altered BFD. Moreover, we found that type V collagens were upregulated in plxnd1 mutants, and mediated the inhibitory effect of Plxnd1 on VAT growth. These results strengthen evidence that Plxnd1 influences BFD in human populations, and validate zebrafish as a model to study BFD. However, many pertinent questions remain unanswered. Here we outline potential Plxnd1 mechanisms of action in AT, and describe the genetic architecture at human PLXND1 that is associated with BFD and NCD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. N. Minchin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John F. Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Lark DS, Wasserman DH. Meta-fibrosis links positive energy balance and mitochondrial metabolism to insulin resistance. F1000Res 2017; 6:1758. [PMID: 29043068 PMCID: PMC5621108 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11653.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance often emerge from positive energy balance and generally are linked to low-grade inflammation. This low-grade inflammation has been called “meta-inflammation” because it is a consequence of the metabolic dysregulation that can accompany overnutrition. One means by which meta-inflammation is linked to insulin resistance is extracellular matrix expansion secondary to meta-inflammation, which we define here as “meta-fibrosis”. The significance of meta-fibrosis is that it reflects a situation in which the extracellular matrix functions as a multi-level integrator of local (for example, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production) and systemic (for example, inflammation) inputs that couple to cellular processes creating insulin resistance. While adipose tissue extracellular matrix remodeling has received considerable attention, it is becoming increasingly apparent that liver and skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodeling also contributes to insulin resistance. In this review, we address recent advances in our understanding of energy balance, mitochondrial energetics, meta-inflammation, and meta-fibrosis in the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Lark
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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