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Sun Y, Yan Y, Yan S, Li F, Li Y, Yan L, Yang D, Peng Z, Yang B, Sun J, Xu J, Dong Y, Bai Y. Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and genomic analysis of Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from seafood and freshwater products in China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1381457. [PMID: 39050630 PMCID: PMC11266014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1381457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study characterized Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from seafood and freshwater products in China (2020). Methods and Results In total, 122 (95.31%) V. alginolyticus isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic category, and 2 (1.56%) isolates were resistant to at least 3 antibiotic categories and belong to multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates. A high prevalence rate was observed to be blaCARB (98.04%) encoding beta-lactam resistance, followed by tet (97.06%) encoding tetracycline resistance and fos (4.90%) encoding resistance to fosfomycin. Among the 57 V. alginolyticus isolates, the commonest virulence genes were type III secretion system translocated gene vopD, vopB, and vcrH (54.4%, 31/57), type III secretion system regulated gene tyeA (54.39%), followed by vscI and vscF (50.88%) encoded type III secretion system inner rod protein and needle protein, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed considerable genetic diversity, with 34 distinct sequence types (STs) identified among 55 isolates. ST421 (n = 5), ST166 (n = 4), ST523 (n = 3), ST516 (n = 3), and ST507 (n = 3) were dominant STs among 55 V. alginolyticus isolates. Discussion These findings highlight the widespread occurrence of V. alginolyticus in both freshwater and seafood products, underscoring the critical need for vigilant monitoring of these bacteria. Such measures are essential for ensuring effective food safety management and safeguarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Shaofei Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Dajin Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zixin Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Bai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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Rahman SU, Han JC, Ahmad M, Gao S, Khan KA, Li B, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Huang Y. Toxic effects of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and tetracycline (TC) on the growth and development of Triticum aestivum: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166677. [PMID: 37659524 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The environmental issue of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and tetracycline (TC) contamination in cereal crops has become a growing concern worldwide. An in-depth understanding of this issue would be of importance to promote effective management strategies for heavy metals and antibiotics worldwide. The present study was conducted to assess the toxic effects of heavy metals (Cd, Pb) and antibiotics (TC) on Triticum aestivum (T. aestivum, common wheat) based on studies conducted in the past 22 years. Data pertaining to the growth and development of T. aestivum were extracted and analyzed from 89 publications spanning from 2000 to 2022. Our results showed that Pb, Cd and TC significantly reduced growth and development by 11 %, 9 %, and 5 %, respectively. Additionally, significant accumulation of Cd (42 %) and Pb (17 %) was observed in T. aestivum samples, although there was little change in TC accumulation, which showed limited absorption, accumulation, and translocation of TC in wheat plants. Pb had the greatest impact on the yield of T. aestivum, followed by Cd, while TC had no apparent effect. Furthermore, exposure to Cd, Pb and TC reduced the photosynthetic rate due to chlorophyll reduction, with Cd having the most pronounced effect (58 %), followed by Pb (37 %) and TC (8 %). Cd exposure also significantly enhanced gaseous exchange (37 %) compared to TC and Pb, which reduced gaseous exchange by 4 % and 10 %, respectively. However, the treatments with TC (>50-100 mgL-1), Pb (>1000-2000 mg L-1) and Cd (>500-1000 mg L-1) increased the defense system of T. aestivum samples by 38 %, 15 %, and 11 %, respectively. The obtained findings have significant implications for risk assessment, pollution prevention, and remediation strategies to address soil contamination from Pb, Cd and TC in farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Han
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Water Resources and Harbor Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Applied College, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bing Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xu Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yuefei Huang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
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3
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Ryan D, Bornet E, Prezza G, Alampalli SV, de Carvalho TF, Felchle H, Ebbecke T, Hayward R, Deutschbauer AM, Barquist L, Westermann AJ. An integrated transcriptomics-functional genomics approach reveals a small RNA that modulates Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron sensitivity to tetracyclines. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.16.528795. [PMID: 36824877 PMCID: PMC9949090 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.528795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression plasticity allows bacteria to adapt to diverse environments, tie their metabolism to available nutrients, and cope with stress. This is particularly relevant in a niche as dynamic and hostile as the human intestinal tract, yet transcriptional networks remain largely unknown in gut Bacteroides spp. Here, we map transcriptional units and profile their expression levels in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron over a suite of 15 defined experimental conditions that are relevant in vivo , such as variation of temperature, pH, and oxygen tension, exposure to antibiotic stress, and growth on simple carbohydrates or on host mucin-derived glycans. Thereby, we infer stress- and carbon source-specific transcriptional regulons, including conditional expression of capsular polysaccharides and polysaccharide utilization loci, and expand the annotation of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) in this organism. Integrating this comprehensive expression atlas with transposon mutant fitness data, we identify conditionally important sRNAs. One example is MasB, whose inactivation led to increased bacterial tolerance of tetracyclines. Using MS2 affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing, we predict targets of this sRNA and discuss their potential role in the context of the MasB-associated phenotype. Together, this transcriptomic compendium in combination with functional sRNA genomics-publicly available through a new iteration of the 'Theta-Base' web browser (www.helmholtz-hiri.de/en/datasets/bacteroides-v2)-constitutes a valuable resource for the microbiome and sRNA research communities alike.
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Recent Approaches for Downplaying Antibiotic Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:5250040. [PMID: 36726844 PMCID: PMC9886476 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5250040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a ubiquitous public health menace. AMR emergence causes complications in treating infections contributing to an upsurge in the mortality rate. The epidemic of AMR in sync with a high utilization rate of antimicrobial drugs signifies an alarming situation for the fleet recovery of both animals and humans. The emergence of resistant species calls for new treatments and therapeutics. Current records propose that health drug dependency, veterinary medicine, agricultural application, and vaccination reluctance are the primary etymology of AMR gene emergence and spread. Recently, several encouraging avenues have been presented to contest resistance, such as antivirulent therapy, passive immunization, antimicrobial peptides, vaccines, phage therapy, and botanical and liposomal nanoparticles. Most of these therapies are used as cutting-edge methodologies to downplay antibacterial drugs to subdue the resistance pressure, which is a featured motive of discussion in this review article. AMR can fade away through the potential use of current cutting-edge therapeutics, advancement in antimicrobial susceptibility testing, new diagnostic testing, prompt clinical response, and probing of new pharmacodynamic properties of antimicrobials. It also needs to promote future research on contemporary methods to maintain host homeostasis after infections caused by AMR. Referable to the microbial ability to break resistance, there is a great ultimatum for using not only appropriate and advanced antimicrobial drugs but also other neoteric diverse cutting-edge therapeutics.
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Li G, Walker MJ, De Oliveira DMP. Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010024. [PMID: 36677316 PMCID: PMC9866002 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus are both common commensals and major opportunistic human pathogens. In recent decades, these bacteria have acquired broad resistance to several major classes of antibiotics, including commonly employed glycopeptides. Exemplified by resistance to vancomycin, glycopeptide resistance is mediated through intrinsic gene mutations, and/or transferrable van resistance gene cassette-carrying mobile genetic elements. Here, this review will discuss the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus in healthcare, community, and agricultural settings, explore vancomycin resistance in the context of van and non-van mediated resistance development and provide insights into alternative therapeutic approaches aimed at treating drug-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus infections.
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Zheng ZJ, Cui ZH, Diao QY, Ye XQ, Zhong ZX, Tang T, Wu SB, He HL, Lian XL, Fang LX, Wang XR, Liang LJ, Liu YH, Liao XP, Sun J. MALDI-TOF MS for rapid detection and differentiation between Tet(X)-producers and non-Tet(X)-producing tetracycline-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Virulence 2022; 13:77-88. [PMID: 34951562 PMCID: PMC9794003 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2018768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of tetracycline antibiotics has led to the widespread presence of tetracycline-resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria and this poses serious threats to human and animal health. In our previous study, we reported a method for rapid detection of Tet(X)-producers using MALDI-TOF MS. However, there have been multiple machineries involved in tetracycline resistance including efflux pump, and ribosomal protection protein. Our previous demonstrated the limitation in probing the non-Tet(X)-producing tetracycline-resistant strains. In this regard, we further developed a MALDI-TOF MS method to detect and differentiate Tet(X)-producers and non-Tet(X)-producing tetracycline-resistant strains. Test strains were incubated with tigecycline and oxytetracycline in separate tubes for 3 h and then analyzed spectral peaks of tigecycline, oxytetracycline, and their metabolite. Strains were distinguished using MS ratio for [metabolite/(metabolite+ tigecycline or oxytetracycline)]. Four control strains and 319 test strains were analyzed and the sensitivity was 98.90% and specificity was 98.34%. This was consistent with the results obtained from LC-MS/MS analysis. Interestingly, we also found that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by tetracycline-susceptible strains were able to promote the degradation of oxytetracycline. Overall, the MALDITet(X)-plus test represents a rapid and reliable method to detect Tet(X)-producers, non-Tet(X)-producing tetracycline-resistant strains, and tetracycline-susceptible strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Zheng
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Hua Cui
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Diao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Qing Ye
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xing Zhong
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai-Bin Wu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ling He
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Lei Lian
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ran Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jie Liang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,CONTACT Jian Sun National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Koller TO, Turnbull KJ, Vaitkevicius K, Crowe-McAuliffe C, Roghanian M, Bulvas O, Nakamoto JA, Kurata T, Julius C, Atkinson G, Johansson J, Hauryliuk V, Wilson D. Structural basis for HflXr-mediated antibiotic resistance in Listeria monocytogenes. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11285-11300. [PMID: 36300626 PMCID: PMC9638945 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
HflX is a ubiquitous bacterial GTPase that splits and recycles stressed ribosomes. In addition to HflX, Listeria monocytogenes contains a second HflX homolog, HflXr. Unlike HflX, HflXr confers resistance to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics by an experimentally unexplored mechanism. Here, we have determined cryo-EM structures of L. monocytogenes HflXr-50S and HflX-50S complexes as well as L. monocytogenes 70S ribosomes in the presence and absence of the lincosamide lincomycin. While the overall geometry of HflXr on the 50S subunit is similar to that of HflX, a loop within the N-terminal domain of HflXr, which is two amino acids longer than in HflX, reaches deeper into the peptidyltransferase center. Moreover, unlike HflX, the binding of HflXr induces conformational changes within adjacent rRNA nucleotides that would be incompatible with drug binding. These findings suggest that HflXr confers resistance using an allosteric ribosome protection mechanism, rather than by simply splitting and recycling antibiotic-stalled ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karolis Vaitkevicius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caillan Crowe-McAuliffe
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Roghanian
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Bulvas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jose A Nakamoto
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tatsuaki Kurata
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christina Julius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gemma C Atkinson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Johansson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel N Wilson
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 40 42838 2841;
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Surette MD, Waglechner N, Koteva K, Wright GD. HelR is a helicase-like protein that protects RNA polymerase from rifamycin antibiotics. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3151-3165.e9. [PMID: 35907401 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Rifamycin antibiotics such as rifampin are potent inhibitors of prokaryotic RNA polymerase (RNAP) used to treat tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. Although resistance arises in the clinic principally through mutations in RNAP, many bacteria possess highly specific enzyme-mediated resistance mechanisms that modify and inactivate rifamycins. The expression of these enzymes is controlled by a 19-bp cis-acting rifamycin-associated element (RAE). Guided by the presence of RAE sequences, we identify a helicase-like protein, HelR, in Streptomyces venezuelae that confers broad-spectrum rifamycin resistance. We show that HelR also promotes tolerance to rifamycins, enabling bacterial evasion of the toxic properties of these antibiotics. HelR forms a complex with RNAP and rescues transcription inhibition by displacing rifamycins from RNAP, thereby providing resistance by target protection . Furthermore, HelRs are broadly distributed in Actinobacteria, including several opportunistic Mycobacterial pathogens, offering yet another challenge for developing new rifamycin antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Surette
- David Braley Center for Antibiotic Discovery, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nicholas Waglechner
- Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Kalinka Koteva
- David Braley Center for Antibiotic Discovery, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gerard D Wright
- David Braley Center for Antibiotic Discovery, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Feucherolles M, Nennig M, Becker SL, Martiny D, Losch S, Penny C, Cauchie HM, Ragimbeau C. Combination of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and Machine Learning for Rapid Antimicrobial Resistance Screening: The Case of Campylobacter spp. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:804484. [PMID: 35250909 PMCID: PMC8894766 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.804484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) is widely considered as the reference method for the rapid and inexpensive identification of microorganisms in routine laboratories, less attention has been addressed to its ability for detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recently, some studies assessed its potential application together with machine learning for the detection of AMR in clinical pathogens. The scope of this study was to investigate MALDI-TOF MS protein mass spectra combined with a prediction approach as an AMR screening tool for relevant foodborne pathogens, such as Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni. A One-Health panel of 224 C. jejuni and 116 C. coli strains was phenotypically tested for seven antimicrobial resistances, i.e., ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ampicillin, independently, and were submitted, after an on- and off-plate protein extraction, to MALDI Biotyper analysis, which yielded one average spectra per isolate and type of extraction. Overall, high performance was observed for classifiers detecting susceptible as well as ciprofloxacin- and tetracycline-resistant isolates. A maximum sensitivity and a precision of 92.3 and 81.2%, respectively, were reached. No significant prediction performance differences were observed between on- and off-plate types of protein extractions. Finally, three putative AMR biomarkers for fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides were identified during the current study. Combination of MALDI-TOF MS and machine learning could be an efficient and inexpensive tool to swiftly screen certain AMR in foodborne pathogens, which may enable a rapid initiation of a precise, targeted antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Feucherolles
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belval, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Maureen Feucherolles,
| | - Morgane Nennig
- Laboratoire National de Santé, Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Sören L. Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Martiny
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, Laboratoire des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Bruxelles-Universitaire Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Université de Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Serge Losch
- Laboratoire de Médecine Vétérinaire de l’Etat, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Christian Penny
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belval, Luxembourg
- Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Parliamentary Research Service, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Henry-Michel Cauchie
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belval, Luxembourg
- Henry-Michel Cauchie,
| | - Catherine Ragimbeau
- Laboratoire National de Santé, Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Dudelange, Luxembourg
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10
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Xu B, Liu L, Song G. Functions and Regulation of Translation Elongation Factors. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:816398. [PMID: 35127825 PMCID: PMC8807479 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.816398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation elongation is a key step of protein synthesis, during which the nascent polypeptide chain extends by one amino acid residue during one elongation cycle. More and more data revealed that the elongation is a key regulatory node for translational control in health and disease. During elongation, elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu, eEF1A in eukaryotes) is used to deliver aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the A-site of the ribosome, and elongation factor G (EF-G, EF2 in eukaryotes and archaea) is used to facilitate the translocation of the tRNA2-mRNA complex on the ribosome. Other elongation factors, such as EF-Ts/eEF1B, EF-P/eIF5A, EF4, eEF3, SelB/EFsec, TetO/Tet(M), RelA and BipA, have been found to affect the overall rate of elongation. Here, we made a systematic review on the canonical and non-canonical functions and regulation of these elongation factors. In particular, we discussed the close link between translational factors and human diseases, and clarified how post-translational modifications control the activity of translational factors in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjin Xu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Benjin Xu, ; Guangtao Song,
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Guangtao Song
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Benjin Xu, ; Guangtao Song,
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11
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Wu N, Strömich L, Yaliraki SN. Prediction of allosteric sites and signaling: Insights from benchmarking datasets. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 3:100408. [PMID: 35079717 PMCID: PMC8767309 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2021.100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allostery is a pervasive mechanism that regulates protein activity through ligand binding at a site different from the orthosteric site. The universality of allosteric regulation complemented by the benefits of highly specific and potentially non-toxic allosteric drugs makes uncovering allosteric sites invaluable. However, there are few computational methods to effectively predict them. Bond-to-bond propensity analysis has successfully predicted allosteric sites in 19 of 20 cases using an energy-weighted atomistic graph. We here extended the analysis onto 432 structures of 146 proteins from two benchmarking datasets for allosteric proteins: ASBench and CASBench. We further introduced two statistical measures to account for the cumulative effect of high-propensity residues and the crucial residues in a given site. The allosteric site is recovered for 127 of 146 proteins (407 of 432 structures) knowing only the orthosteric sites or ligands. The quantitative analysis using a range of statistical measures enables better characterization of potential allosteric sites and mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Léonie Strömich
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
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12
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Umar Z, Chen Q, Tang B, Xu Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Ji K, Jia X, Feng Y. The poultry pathogen Riemerella anatipestifer appears as a reservoir for Tet(X) tigecycline resistance. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7465-7482. [PMID: 34098588 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transferability of bacterial resistance to tigecycline, the 'last-resort' antibiotic, is an emerging challenge of global health concern. The plasmid-borne tet(X) that encodes a flavin-dependent monooxygenase represents a new mechanism for tigecycline resistance. Natural source for an ongoing family of Tet(X) resistance determinants is poorly understood. Here, we report the discovery of 26 new variants [tet(X18) to tet(X44)] from the poultry pathogen Riemerella anatipestifer, which expands extensively the current Tet(X) family. R. anatipestifer appears as a natural reservoir for tet(X), of which the chromosome harbours varied copies of tet(X) progenitors. Despite that an inactive ancestor rarely occurs, the action and mechanism of Tet(X2/4)-P, a putative Tet(X) progenitor, was comprehensively characterized, giving an intermediate level of tigecycline resistance. The potential pattern of Tet(X) dissemination from ducks to other animals and humans was raised, in the viewpoint of ecological niches. Therefore, this finding defines a large pool of natural sources for Tet(X) tigecycline resistance, heightening the need of efficient approaches to manage the inter-species transmission of tet(X) resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Umar
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Biao Tang
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products & Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Yongchang Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jinzi Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources & Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi, 530008, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kai Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Youjun Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
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13
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Peng F, Zhang H, He X, Song Z. Effects of Ursolic Acid on Intestinal Health and Gut Bacteria Antibiotic Resistance in Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:650190. [PMID: 34122127 PMCID: PMC8195277 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.650190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been widely reported to exert anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of UA on the intestinal homeostasis and gut microbiota were rarely explored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of UA on intestinal health and gut microflora antibiotic-resistance in antibiotic-exposed mice. Kunming mice (n = 80) were randomly allocated into three groups and fed with one of the following diets, respectively: Cont group (n = 20), the basal diet; UA group (n = 20), the basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg UA; Tet group (n = 40), the basal diet supplemented with 659 mg/kg chlortetracycline. After 14 days, 10 mice in each group were euthanatized and the remaining 30 mice in the Tet group were randomly allocated into three sub-groups (n = 10 per group) as follows: the Tet group which were kept feeding a Tet diet for 14 days; the Natural Restoration (NatR) group which received a basal diet for 14 days; and the UA therapy (UaT) group which fed a basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg UA for 14 days. Throughout the experiment, the weight and the food intake of each mouse were recorded once weekly. Serum LPS and diamine oxidase (DAO), jejunal morphology, jejunal tight junction proteins and nutrient transporters, colonic inflammatory cytokines, gut microbiota and its antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) were examined at euthanasia. The results showed that UA treatment significantly increased average daily food intake (ADFI) of mice. Notably, UA increased the jejunal villi height, decreased the jejunal crypt depth and promoted the expression of jejunum nutrient transporters. UaT group had higher villi height, lower crypt depth and higher nutrient transporter mRNA expression in jejunum than NatR group. Besides, UA decreased serum DAO content, upregulated mRNA expression of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin and downregulated TNF-α and IL-6. The mRNA abundances of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin and TNF-α and IL-6 in UaT group were, respectively upregulated and downregulated than NatR group. Furthermore, an analysis of 16S rDNA sequences demonstrated that UA increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut. And the results of ARG test showed that UA downregulated the expression of antibiotic-induced resistance genes. The UaT group inhibited the increase of harmful bacteria abundance and suppressed the mRNA abundances of ARG compared to the NatR group. In conclusion, considering the positive effects of UA on the growth performance and intestinal mucosal barrier, we anticipate that these findings could be a stepping stone for developing UA as a novel substitute of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
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14
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Ero R, Yan XF, Gao YG. Ribosome Protection Proteins-"New" Players in the Global Arms Race with Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5356. [PMID: 34069640 PMCID: PMC8161019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved an array of mechanisms enabling them to resist the inhibitory effect of antibiotics, a significant proportion of which target the ribosome. Indeed, resistance mechanisms have been identified for nearly every antibiotic that is currently used in clinical practice. With the ever-increasing list of multi-drug-resistant pathogens and very few novel antibiotics in the pharmaceutical pipeline, treatable infections are likely to become life-threatening once again. Most of the prevalent resistance mechanisms are well understood and their clinical significance is recognized. In contrast, ribosome protection protein-mediated resistance has flown under the radar for a long time and has been considered a minor factor in the clinical setting. Not until the recent discovery of the ATP-binding cassette family F protein-mediated resistance in an extensive list of human pathogens has the significance of ribosome protection proteins been truly appreciated. Understanding the underlying resistance mechanism has the potential to guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches to evade or overcome the resistance. In this review, we discuss the latest developments regarding ribosome protection proteins focusing on the current antimicrobial arsenal and pharmaceutical pipeline as well as potential implications for the future of fighting bacterial infections in the time of "superbugs."
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Affiliation(s)
- Rya Ero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Xin-Fu Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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15
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Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050593. [PMID: 34067579 PMCID: PMC8157006 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens as causative agents of infection constitute an alarming concern in the public health sector. In particular, bacteria with resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents can confound chemotherapeutic efficacy towards infectious diseases. Multidrug-resistant bacteria harbor various molecular and cellular mechanisms for antimicrobial resistance. These antimicrobial resistance mechanisms include active antimicrobial efflux, reduced drug entry into cells of pathogens, enzymatic metabolism of antimicrobial agents to inactive products, biofilm formation, altered drug targets, and protection of antimicrobial targets. These microbial systems represent suitable focuses for investigation to establish the means for their circumvention and to reestablish therapeutic effectiveness. This review briefly summarizes the various antimicrobial resistance mechanisms that are harbored within infectious bacteria.
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16
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Yadav K, Garoff L, Huseby DL, Hughes D. Phenotypic and genetic barriers to establishment of horizontally transferred genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1441-1447. [PMID: 33655294 PMCID: PMC8120329 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) interact with bacterial ribosomes to prevent inhibition of protein synthesis by tetracycline. RPP genes have evolved from a common ancestor into at least 12 distinct classes and spread by horizontal genetic transfer into a wide range of bacteria. Many bacterial genera host RPP genes from multiple classes but tet(M) is the predominant RPP gene found in Escherichia coli. Objectives We asked whether phenotypic barriers (low-level resistance, high fitness cost) might constrain the fixation of other RPP genes in E. coli. Methods We expressed a diverse set of six different RPP genes in E. coli, including tet(M), and quantified tetracycline susceptibility and growth phenotypes as a function of expression level, and evolvability to overcome identified phenotypic barriers. Results The genes tet(M) and tet(Q) conferred high-level tetracycline resistance without reducing fitness; tet(O) and tet(W) conferred high-level resistance but significantly reduced growth fitness; tetB(P) conferred low-level resistance and while mutants conferring high-level resistance were selectable these had reduced growth fitness; otr(A) did not confer resistance and resistant mutants could not be selected. Evolution experiments suggested that codon usage patterns in tet(O) and tet(W), and transcriptional silencing associated with nucleotide composition in tetB(P), accounted for the observed phenotypic barriers. Conclusions With the exception of tet(Q), the data reveal significant phenotypic and genetic barriers to the fixation of additional RPP genes in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Yadav
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, (Box 582), Uppsala S-75123, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Garoff
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, (Box 582), Uppsala S-75123, Sweden
| | - Douglas L Huseby
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, (Box 582), Uppsala S-75123, Sweden
| | - Diarmaid Hughes
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, (Box 582), Uppsala S-75123, Sweden
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17
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Antibacterial Mechanisms and Efficacy of Sarecycline in Animal Models of Infection and Inflammation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040439. [PMID: 33920812 PMCID: PMC8071131 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotic use is more likely to induce bacterial resistance and dysbiosis of skin and gut microflora. First and second-generation tetracycline-class antibiotics have similar broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Targeted tetracycline-class antibiotics are needed to limit antimicrobial resistance and improve patient outcomes. Sarecycline is a narrow-spectrum, third-generation tetracycline-class antibiotic Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for treating moderate-to-severe acne. In vitro studies demonstrated activity against clinically relevant Gram-positive bacteria but reduced activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Recent studies have provided insight into how the structure of sarecycline, with a unique C7 moiety, interacts with bacterial ribosomes to block translation and prevent antibiotic resistance. Sarecycline reduces Staphylococcus aureus DNA and protein synthesis with limited effects on RNA, lipid, and bacterial wall synthesis. In agreement with in vitro data, sarecycline demonstrated narrower-spectrum in vivo activity in murine models of infection, exhibiting activity against S. aureus, but reduced efficacy against Escherichia coli compared to doxycycline and minocycline. In a murine neutropenic thigh wound infection model, sarecycline was as effective as doxycycline against S. aureus. The anti-inflammatory activity of sarecycline was comparable to doxycycline and minocycline in a rat paw edema model. Here, we review the antibacterial mechanisms of sarecycline and report results of in vivo studies of infection and inflammation.
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18
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Pancu DF, Scurtu A, Macasoi IG, Marti D, Mioc M, Soica C, Coricovac D, Horhat D, Poenaru M, Dehelean C. Antibiotics: Conventional Therapy and Natural Compounds with Antibacterial Activity-A Pharmaco-Toxicological Screening. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:401. [PMID: 33917092 PMCID: PMC8067816 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are considered as a cornerstone of modern medicine and their discovery offers the resolution to the infectious diseases problem. However, the excessive use of antibiotics worldwide has generated a critical public health issue and the bacterial resistance correlated with antibiotics inefficiency is still unsolved. Finding novel therapeutic approaches to overcome bacterial resistance is imperative, and natural compounds with antibacterial effects could be considered a promising option. The role played by antibiotics in tumorigenesis and their interrelation with the microbiota are still debatable and are far from being elucidated. Thus, the present manuscript offers a global perspective on antibiotics in terms of evolution from a historical perspective with an emphasis on the main classes of antibiotics and their adverse effects. It also highlights the connection between antibiotics and microbiota, focusing on the dual role played by antibiotics in tumorigenesis. In addition, using the natural compounds with antibacterial properties as potential alternatives for the classical antibiotic therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Florin Pancu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 1, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.P.); (D.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Alexandra Scurtu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Gabriela Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Marti
- Faculty of Medicine, Western University Vasile Goldis Arad, 94 Revolutiei Blvd., 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Delia Horhat
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 1, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.P.); (D.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Marioara Poenaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 1, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.F.P.); (D.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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19
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Hobson C, Chan AN, Wright GD. The Antibiotic Resistome: A Guide for the Discovery of Natural Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3464-3494. [PMID: 33606500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of life-saving antibiotics has long been plagued by the ability of pathogenic bacteria to acquire and develop an array of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The sum of these resistance mechanisms, the antibiotic resistome, is a formidable threat to antibiotic discovery, development, and use. The study and understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the resistome provide the basis for traditional approaches to combat resistance, including semisynthetic modification of naturally occurring antibiotic scaffolds, the development of adjuvant therapies that overcome resistance mechanisms, and the total synthesis of new antibiotics and their analogues. Using two major classes of antibiotics, the aminoglycosides and tetracyclines as case studies, we review the success and limitations of these strategies when used to combat the many forms of resistance that have emerged toward natural product-based antibiotics specifically. Furthermore, we discuss the use of the resistome as a guide for the genomics-driven discovery of novel antimicrobials, which are essential to combat the growing number of emerging pathogens that are resistant to even the newest approved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Andrew N Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gerard D Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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20
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Xu Y, Liu L, Zhang H, Feng Y. Co-production of Tet(X) and MCR-1, two resistance enzymes by a single plasmid. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7445-7464. [PMID: 33559156 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tigecycline and colistin are few of 'last-resort' antibiotic defences used in anti-infection therapies against carbapenem-resistant bacterial pathogens. The successive emergence of plasmid-borne tet(X) tigecycline resistance mechanism and mobile colistin resistance (mcr) determinant, renders them clinically useless. Here, we report that co-carriage of tet(X6) and mcr-1 gives co-resistance to both classes of antibiotics by a single plasmid in Escherichia coli. Tet(X6), the new tigecycline resistance enzyme is functionally defined. Both Tet(X6) and MCR-1 robustly interfere accumulation of antibiotic-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Unlike that mcr-1 exerts fitness cost in E. coli, tet(X6) does not. In the tet(X6)-positive strain that co-harbors mcr-1, tigecycline resistance is independently of colistin resistance caused by MCR-1-mediated lipid A remodelling, and vice versa. In general consistency with that of MCR-1, Tet(X6) leads to the failure of tigecycline treatment in the infection model of G. mellonella. Taken together, the co-production of Tet(X) and MCR-1 appears as a major clinic/public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lizhang Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Youjun Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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21
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Shi LD, Xu QJ, Liu JY, Han ZX, Zhu YG, Zhao HP. Will a Non-antibiotic Metalloid Enhance the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Genes: The Selenate Story. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1004-1014. [PMID: 33356195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has become an increasingly serious threat to public health. Previous studies illustrate the antibiotic-like effect of many substances. However, whether and how commonly used or existing non-antibiotic metalloids (e.g., selenate) would enhance ARG spread remains poorly known. Here, we tracked the long-term operation of a bioreactor continuously fed with selenate for more than 1000 days. Metagenomic sequencing identified 191 different ARGs, of which the total abundance increased significantly after the amendment of selenate. Network analyses showed that ARGs resisting multiple drugs had very similar co-occurrence patterns, implying a potentially larger health risk. Host classification not only indicated multidrug-resistant species but also distinguished the mechanism of ARG enrichment for vertical transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Genome reconstruction of an ARG host suggested that selenate and its bioreduction product selenite could stimulate the overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which was confirmed by the direct measurement. Bacterial membrane permeability, type IV pilus formation, and DNA repair and recombination were also enhanced, together facilitating the horizontal acquirement of ARGs. Overall, this study for the first time highlights the ARG emergence and dissemination induced by a non-antibiotic metalloid and identifies ARG as a factor to consider in selenate bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Dong Shi
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Lab of Water Pollution Control & Environmental Safety of Zhejiang province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiu-Jin Xu
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie-Yi Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zi-Xian Han
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- State Key Lab of Regional and Urban Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Lab of Water Pollution Control & Environmental Safety of Zhejiang province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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22
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Hormeño L, Campos MJ, Vadillo S, Quesada A. Occurrence of tet(O/M/O) Mosaic Gene in Tetracycline-Resistant Campylobacter. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1710. [PMID: 33142824 PMCID: PMC7693602 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most important microorganisms responsible for foodborne diseases in the EU. In this study, we investigated resistance to tetracycline in 139 Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli samples isolated from human clinical cases. From these, 110 were resistant to tetracycline, with MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) varying in a range of 1 to >512 μg/mL, and 109 (78.4%) carried tet(O), a gene that confers resistance to tetracycline through the expression of a protein that confers protection to the ribosome. Amongst the tetracycline-resistant isolates, one C. jejuni (HCC30) was the only tet(O)-negative sample, presenting an MIC of 256 μg/mL. Instead, the mosaic gene tet(O/M/O) was found in HCC30 and, as far as we know, this is the first description of this chimeric gene originating from homologous recombination between tet(O) and tet(M). The previously described mosaic gene tet(O/32/O), also found in Campylobacter, presents a chimeric structure very similar to that of tet(O/M/O), affecting domains II and III of encoded proteins distantly related to the elongation factor G (EF-G). The tet(O/M/O) mosaic gene has been found in nucleotide databases in several genomes of Campylobacter isolated from different origins, indicating its frequent acquisition, even though it can be undetected through screening by PCR with specific tet(O) primers. In this work, we address the improvement of classical PCR to efficiently diagnose the most prevalent tetracycline resistance determinants in Campylobacter, including tet(O/M/O), which should be taken into account in the optimization of campylobacteriosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Hormeño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (L.H.); (A.Q.)
| | - Maria J. Campos
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Santiago Vadillo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Alberto Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (L.H.); (A.Q.)
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23
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Oliveira WK, Ferrarini M, Morello LG, Faoro H. Resistome analysis of bloodstream infection bacterial genomes reveals a specific set of proteins involved in antibiotic resistance and drug efflux. NAR Genom Bioinform 2020; 2:lqaa055. [PMID: 33575606 PMCID: PMC7671365 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global public health problem. Its association with bloodstream infections is even more severe and may easily evolve to sepsis. To improve our response to these bacteria, it is essential to gather thorough knowledge on the main pathogens along with the main mechanisms of resistance they carry. In this paper, we performed a large meta-analysis of 3872 bacterial genomes isolated from blood samples, from which we identified 71 745 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Taxonomic analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes phyla, and the species Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were the most represented. Comparison of ARGs with the Resfams database showed that the main mechanism of antibiotic resistance is mediated by efflux pumps. Clustering analysis between resistome of blood and soil-isolated bacteria showed that there is low identity between transport and efflux proteins between bacteria from these environments. Furthermore, a correlation analysis among all features showed that K. pneumoniae and S. aureus formed two well-defined clusters related to the resistance mechanisms, proteins and antibiotics. A retrospective analysis has shown that the average number of ARGs per genome has gradually increased. The results demonstrate the importance of comprehensive studies to understand the antibiotic resistance phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian K Oliveira
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ferrarini
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Luis G Morello
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Helisson Faoro
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ, Paraná, 81350-010, Brazil
- Graduate Program on Bioinformatics, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, 81520-260, Brazil
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24
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Inglis GD, Taboada EN, Boras VF. Rates of fluoroquinolone resistance in domestically acquired Campylobacter jejuni are increasing in people living within a model study location in Canada. Can J Microbiol 2020; 67:37-52. [PMID: 32805182 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance was evaluated in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from 1291 diarrheic people over a 15-year period (2004-2018) in southwestern Alberta, a model location in Canada with a high rate of campylobacteriosis. The prevalence of resistance to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, and gentamicin was low during the examination period (≤4.8%). Resistance to tetracycline remained consistently high (41.6%-65.1%), and resistance was primarily conferred by plasmid-borne tetO (96.2%). Resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid increased substantially over the examination period, with a maximal fluoroquinolone resistance (FQR) prevalence of 28.9% in 2016. The majority of C. jejuni isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin (93.9%) contained a C257T single nucleotide polymorphism within the gyrA chromosomal gene. Follow up with infected people indicated that the observed increase in FQR was primarily due to domestically acquired infections. Moreover, the majority of FQ-resistant C. jejuni subtypes (82.6%) were endemic in Canada, primarily linked to cattle and chicken reservoirs; 18.4% of FQ-resistant isolates were assigned to three subtypes, predominantly associated with cattle. Study findings indicate the need to prioritize FQR monitoring in C. jejuni infections in Canada and to elucidate the dynamics of the emergence and transmission of resistant C. jejuni strains within and from cattle and chicken reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Douglas Inglis
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Eduardo N Taboada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Valerie F Boras
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chinook Regional Hospital, 960-19th Street South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 1W5, Canada
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25
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Sarecycline interferes with tRNA accommodation and tethers mRNA to the 70S ribosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20530-20537. [PMID: 32817463 PMCID: PMC7456112 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008671117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarecycline is the first narrow-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic that was recently approved by the FDA for the clinical treatment of acne vulgaris. In this work, we determined two (2.8-Å and 3.0-Å) X-ray crystal structures of sarecycline bound to the initiation complex of the bacterial 70S ribosome and found that this antibiotic inhibits bacterial ribosome in part using a mechanism of direct mRNA contact, which has not been reported for any other tetracyclines so far. Moreover, our structural analysis rationalizes why sarecycline is able to overcome one of the most common mechanisms of resistance to tetracyclines among pathogenic bacteria. Thus, this work provides mechanistic insights into the function of the tetracycline class of antibiotics on the ribosome with direct clinical relevance. Sarecycline is a new narrow-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic approved for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Tetracyclines share a common four-ring naphthacene core and inhibit protein synthesis by interacting with the 70S bacterial ribosome. Sarecycline is distinguished chemically from other tetracyclines because it has a 7-[[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl] group attached at the C7 position of ring D. To investigate the functional role of this C7 moiety, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of sarecycline bound to the Thermus thermophilus 70S ribosome. Our 2.8-Å resolution structure revealed that sarecycline binds at the canonical tetracycline binding site located in the decoding center of the small ribosomal subunit. Importantly, unlike other tetracyclines, the unique C7 extension of sarecycline extends into the messenger RNA (mRNA) channel to form a direct interaction with the A-site codon to possibly interfere with mRNA movement through the channel and/or disrupt A-site codon–anticodon interaction. Based on our biochemical studies, sarecycline appears to be a more potent initiation inhibitor compared to other tetracyclines, possibly due to drug interactions with the mRNA, thereby blocking accommodation of the first aminoacyl transfer RNA (tRNA) into the A site. Overall, our structural and biochemical findings rationalize the role of the unique C7 moiety of sarecycline in antibiotic action.
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26
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Cai X, Zhan Y, Cao Z, Yan B, Cai J. Expression of ribosomal protection protein RppA is regulated by a ribosome-dependent ribo-regulator and two mistranslation products. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:696-712. [PMID: 32592275 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is tightly controlled by transcription factors and RNA regulatory elements, including trans-acting small RNAs, cis-regulatory riboswitches and ribosome-dependent ribo-regulators. In the present study, we demonstrated that a ribosome-dependent ribo-regulator and two mistranslation products co-regulate rppA (encoding a ribosomal protection protein) expression in Bacillus thuringiensis BMB171. The leader RNA of the rppA gene controls rppA expression via translation of leader ORF1 resident in its sequence. In the presence of chloramphenicol, a +1 frameshift product (ORF2) and a stop codon readthrough product (ORF3) of ORF1 emerged. ORF3 exerted a negative effect on rppA expression. By contrast, the ORF2 promoted rppA expression. The regulation mode identified in the present study will lead to a deeper understanding of bacterial gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunda Zhan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhanglei Cao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, 300071, China
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27
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Deshpande D, Magombedze G, Srivastava S, Bendet P, Lee PS, Cirrincione KN, Martin KR, Dheda K, Gumbo T. Once-a-week tigecycline for the treatment of drug-resistant TB. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:1607-1617. [PMID: 30820554 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MDR-TB and XDR-TB have poor outcomes. OBJECTIVES To examine the efficacy of tigecycline monotherapy in the hollow fibre system model of TB. METHODS We performed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies using tigecycline human-like concentration-time profiles in the hollow fibre system model of TB in five separate experiments using Mycobacterium tuberculosis in log-phase growth or as semi-dormant or intracellular bacilli, as monotherapy. We also compared efficacy with the isoniazid/rifampicin/pyrazinamide combination (standard therapy). We then applied extinction mathematics, morphisms and Latin hypercube sampling to identify duration of therapy with tigecycline monotherapy. RESULTS The median tigecycline MIC for 30 M. tuberculosis clinical and laboratory isolates (67% MDR/XDR) was 2 mg/L. Tigecycline monotherapy was highly effective in killing M. tuberculosis in log-phase-growth and semi-dormant and intracellular M. tuberculosis. Once-a-week dosing had the same efficacy as daily therapy for the same cumulative dose; thus, tigecycline efficacy was linked to the AUC0-24/MIC ratio. Tigecycline replacement by daily minocycline after 4 weeks of therapy was effective in sterilizing bacilli. The AUC0-24/MIC ratio associated with optimal kill was 42.3. Tigecycline monotherapy had a maximum sterilizing effect (day 0 minus day 28) of 3.06 ± 0.20 log10 cfu/mL (r2 = 0.92) compared with 3.92 ± 0.45 log10 cfu/mL (r2 = 0.80) with optimized standard therapy. In our modelling, at a tigecycline monotherapy duration of 12 months, the proportion of patients with XDR-TB who reached bacterial population extinction was 64.51%. CONCLUSIONS Tigecycline could cure patients with XDR-TB or MDR-TB who have failed recommended therapy. Once-a-week tigecycline could also replace second-line injectables in MDR-TB regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devyani Deshpande
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gesham Magombedze
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shashikant Srivastava
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Paula Bendet
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pooi S Lee
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kayle N Cirrincione
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Katherine R Martin
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Gumbo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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28
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Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is mediated through several distinct mechanisms, most of which are relatively well understood and the clinical importance of which has long been recognized. Until very recently, neither of these statements was readily applicable to the class of resistance mechanism known as target protection, a phenomenon whereby a resistance protein physically associates with an antibiotic target to rescue it from antibiotic-mediated inhibition. In this Review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the nature and importance of target protection. In particular, we describe the molecular basis of the known target protection systems, emphasizing that target protection does not involve a single, uniform mechanism but is instead brought about in several mechanistically distinct ways.
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Wu X, Zhou H, Li L, Wang E, Zhou X, Gu Y, Wu X, Shen L, Zeng W. Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomic Analyses of Lysinibacillus pakistanensis LZH-9, a Halotolerant Strain with Excellent COD Removal Capability. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050716. [PMID: 32408484 PMCID: PMC7284689 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Halotolerant microorganisms are promising in bio-treatment of hypersaline industrial wastewater. Four halotolerant bacteria strains were isolated from wastewater treatment plant, of which a strain LZH-9 could grow in the presence of up to 14% (w/v) NaCl, and it removed 81.9% chemical oxygen demand (COD) at 96 h after optimization. Whole genome sequencing of Lysinibacillus pakistanensis LZH-9 and comparative genomic analysis revealed metabolic versatility of different species of Lysinibacillus, and abundant genes involved in xenobiotics biodegradation, resistance to toxic compound, and salinity were found in all tested species of Lysinibacillus, in which Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) contributed to the acquisition of many important properties of Lysinibacillus spp. such as toxic compound resistance and osmotic stress resistance as revealed by phylogenetic analyses. Besides, genome wide positive selection analyses revealed seven genes that contained adaptive mutations in Lysinibacillus spp., most of which were multifunctional. Further expression assessment with Codon Adaption Index (CAI) also reflected the high metabolic rate of L. pakistanensis to digest potential carbon or nitrogen sources in organic contaminants, which was closely linked with efficient COD removal ability of strain LZH-9. The high COD removal efficiency and halotolerance as well as genomic evidences suggested that L. pakistanensis LZH-9 was promising in treating hypersaline industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (E.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.W.); (L.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (E.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (E.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Enhui Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (E.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (E.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Yichao Gu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (E.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (E.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Li Shen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (E.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.W.); (L.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (E.W.); (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.W.); (L.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0731-88877472
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30
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Hayes K, O'Halloran F, Cotter L. A review of antibiotic resistance in Group B Streptococcus: the story so far. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:253-269. [PMID: 32363979 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1758626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal disease worldwide, and invasive disease in adults is becoming more prevalent. Currently, some countries adopt an intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis regime to help prevent the transmission of GBS from mother to neonate during delivery. This precaution has reduced the incidence of GBS-associated early-onset disease; however, rates of late-onset disease and stillbirths associated with GBS infections remain unchanged. GBS is still recognized as being universally susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics; however, there have been reports of reduced susceptibility to beta-lactams, including penicillin, in some countries. Resistance to second-line antibiotics, such as erythromycin and clindamycin, remains high amongst GBS, with several countries noting increased resistance rates in recent years. Moreover, resistance to other antibiotic classes, such as fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, also continues to rise. In instances where patients are allergic to penicillin and second-line antibiotics are ineffective, vancomycin is administered. While vancomycin, a last resort antibiotic, still remains largely effective, there have been two documented cases of vancomycin resistance in GBS. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in GBS and outlines the specific resistance mechanisms identified in GBS isolates to date.
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31
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Di Donato G, Marotta F, Nuvoloni R, Zilli K, Neri D, Di Sabatino D, Calistri P, Di Giannatale E. Prevalence, Population Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter coli Isolated in Italian Swine at Slaughterhouse. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E222. [PMID: 32046038 PMCID: PMC7074678 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are among the microorganisms most commonly associated with foodborne disease. Swine are known to be the main reservoir of Campylobacter coli and a possible source infection of humans as a result of carcass contamination at slaughter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of C. coli contamination in swine carcasses, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of isolates and the genetic diversity between strains obtained from swine and those isolated from humans. The prevalence of contamination was higher on carcasses (50.4%) than in faeces (32.9%). The 162 C. coli isolated from swine were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The results of PFGE indicated a high genetic diversity among the isolates, with 25 different PFGE types. MLST assigned 51 sequence types (STs) to isolates. The most common genotype was ST-854 (16.04%), ST-9264 (10.49 %) and ST-1016 (6.08 %). Results of AMR showed a high resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones together with aminoglycosides and tetracycline. Many strains were multi-resistant with predominant R-type TeSCipNa (57%). Five resistance genes were detected along with mutation in the gyrA gene. A strong correlation between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was found for fluoroquinolone and tetracycline. Genetic profiles obtained in swine isolates were compared to those of 11 human strains. All human strains and 64.19% of animal strains (104/162) were assigned to the ST-828 clonal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Di Donato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Marotta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, 64100 Teramo Italy; (K.Z.); (D.N.); (E.D.G.)
| | - Roberta Nuvoloni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;
| | - Katiuscia Zilli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, 64100 Teramo Italy; (K.Z.); (D.N.); (E.D.G.)
| | - Diana Neri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, 64100 Teramo Italy; (K.Z.); (D.N.); (E.D.G.)
| | - Daria Di Sabatino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Calistri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, 64100 Teramo Italy; (K.Z.); (D.N.); (E.D.G.)
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Tetracycline Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Subtypes Emanating from Beef Cattle Administered Non-Therapeutic Chlortetracycline are Longitudinally Transmitted within the Production Continuum but are Not Detected in Ground Beef. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010023. [PMID: 31877744 PMCID: PMC7022225 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of the antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP), chlortetracycline with sulfamethazine (AS700), on the development of antimicrobial resistance and longitudinal transmission of Campylobacter jejuni within the beef production continuum were empirically determined. Carriage of tetracycline resistance determinants in the enteric bacterial community increased at a greater rate for AS700-treatment cattle. The majority of the bacteria from animals administered AS700 carried tetW. Densities of C. jejuni shed in feces increased over the confined feeding period, and the administration of AS700 did not conspicuously reduce C. jejuni densities in feces or within the intestine. The majority of C. jejuni isolates recovered were resistant to tetracycline, but the resistance rates to other antibiotics was low (≤20.1%). The richness of C. jejuni subtypes recovered from AS700-treated animals that were either resistant or susceptible to tetracycline was reduced, indicating selection pressure due to AGP administration. Moreover, a degree of subtype-specific resistance to tetracycline was observed. tetO was the primary tetracycline resistance determinant conferring resistance in C. jejuni isolates recovered from cattle and people. Clinically-relevant C. jejuni subtypes (subtypes that represent a risk to human health) that were resistant to tetracycline were isolated from cattle feces, digesta, hides, the abattoir environment, and carcasses, but not from ground beef. Thus, study findings indicate that clinically-relevant C. jejuni subtypes associated with beef cattle, including those resistant to antibiotics, do not represent a significant foodborne risk.
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Dong X, Zhang CY, Jin G, Wang Z. Targeting of Nanotherapeutics to Infection Sites for Antimicrobial Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019; 2:1900095. [PMID: 33313384 PMCID: PMC7731920 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections cause a wide range of host immune disorders, resulting in local and systemic tissue damage. Antibiotics are pharmacological interventions for treating bacterial infections, but increased antimicrobial resistance and the delayed development of new antibiotics have led to a major global health threat, the so-called "superbugs". Bacterial infections consist of two processes: pathogen invasion and host immune responses. Developing nanotherapeutics to target these two pathways may be effective for eliminating bacteria and restoring host homeostasis, thus possibly finding new treatments for bacterial infections. This review offers new approaches for developing nanotherapeutics based on the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. We have discussed how nanoparticles target infectious microenvironments (IMEs) and how they target phagocytes to deliver antibiotics to eliminate intracellular pathogens. We also review a new concept-host-directed therapy for bacterial infections, such as targeting immune cells for the delivery of anti-inflammatory agents and vaccine developments using bacterial membrane-derived nanovesicles. This review demonstrates the translational potential of nanomedicine for improving infectious disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhenjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, United States
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Murina V, Kasari M, Hauryliuk V, Atkinson GC. Antibiotic resistance ABCF proteins reset the peptidyl transferase centre of the ribosome to counter translational arrest. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:3753-3763. [PMID: 29415157 PMCID: PMC5909423 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several ATPases in the ATP-binding cassette F (ABCF) family confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (MLS) antibiotics. MLS are structurally distinct classes, but inhibit a common target: the peptidyl transferase (PTC) active site of the ribosome. Antibiotic resistance (ARE) ABCFs have recently been shown to operate through direct ribosomal protection, but the mechanistic details of this resistance mechanism are lacking. Using a reconstituted translational system, we dissect the molecular mechanism of Staphylococcus haemolyticus VgaALC and Enterococcus faecalis LsaA on the ribosome. We demonstrate that VgaALC is an NTPase that operates as a molecular machine strictly requiring NTP hydrolysis (not just NTP binding) for antibiotic protection. Moreover, when bound to the ribosome in the NTP-bound form, hydrolytically inactive EQ2 ABCF ARE mutants inhibit peptidyl transferase activity, suggesting a direct interaction between the ABCF ARE and the PTC. The likely structural candidate responsible for antibiotic displacement by wild type ABCF AREs, and PTC inhibition by the EQ2 mutant, is the extended inter-ABC domain linker region. Deletion of the linker region renders wild type VgaALC inactive in antibiotic protection and the EQ2 mutant inactive in PTC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoriia Murina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marje Kasari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vasili Hauryliuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gemma C Atkinson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Abstract
Many antibiotics available in the clinic today directly inhibit bacterial translation. Despite the past success of such drugs, their efficacy is diminishing with the spread of antibiotic resistance. Through the use of ribosomal modifications, ribosomal protection proteins, translation elongation factors and mistranslation, many pathogens are able to establish resistance to common therapeutics. However, current efforts in drug discovery are focused on overcoming these obstacles through the modification or discovery of new treatment options. Here, we provide an overview for common mechanisms of resistance to translation-targeting drugs and summarize several important breakthroughs in recent drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Witzky
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 , USA.,2 Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 , USA
| | - Rodney Tollerson
- 2 Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 , USA.,3 Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 , USA
| | - Michael Ibba
- 2 Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 , USA.,3 Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 , USA
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Weldrick PJ, Iveson S, Hardman MJ, Paunov VN. Breathing new life into old antibiotics: overcoming antibacterial resistance by antibiotic-loaded nanogel carriers with cationic surface functionality. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10472-10485. [PMID: 31112150 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10022e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant pathogens are prevalent in chronic wounds. There is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobials and formulation strategies that can overcome antibiotic resistance and provide a safe alternative to traditional antibiotics. This work aimed to develop a novel nanocarrier for two cationic antibiotics, tetracycline hydrochloride and lincomycin hydrochloride which can potentially overcome antibiotic resistance. In this study, we report the use of surface functionalised polyacrylic copolymer nanogels as carriers for cationic antibiotics. These nanogels can encapsulate small cationic antimicrobial molecules and act as a drug delivery system. They were further functionalised with a biocompatible cationic polyelectrolyte, bPEI, to increase their affinity towards the negatively charged bacterial cell walls. These bPEI-coated nanocarrier-encapsulated antibiotics were assessed against a range of wound isolated pathogens, which had been shown through antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to be resistant to tetracycline and lincomycin. Our data reveal that bPEI-coated nanogels with encapsulated tetracycline or lincomycin displayed increased antimicrobial performance against selected wound-derived bacteria, including strains highly resistant to the free antibiotic in solution. Additionally, our nanocarrier-based antibiotics showed no detectable cytotoxic effect against human keratinocytes. We attribute the increase in the antimicrobial activity of the cationically functionalised antibiotic-loaded nanogel carriers to specific electrostatic adhesion to the microbial cell wall delivering a higher local antibiotic concentration, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Such a nanotechnology based approach may enhance the effectiveness of a wide variety of existing antibiotics, offering a potentially new mechanism to overcome antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Weldrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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Li W, Agrawal RK. Joachim Frank's Binding with the Ribosome. Structure 2019; 27:411-419. [PMID: 30595455 PMCID: PMC11062599 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With recent technological advancements, single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is now the technique of choice to study structure and function of biological macromolecules at near-atomic resolution. Many single-particle EM reconstruction methods necessary for these advances were pioneered by Joachim Frank, and were optimized using the ribosome as a benchmark specimen. In doing so, he made several landmark contributions to the understanding of the structure and function of ribosomes. These include the first 3D visualization of ribosome-bound transfer RNAs, the first experimentally derived structures of the primary complexes formed during the bacterial translation elongation cycle, and the critical ribosomal conformational transitions required for translation. Over the years, his laboratory studied many important functional complexes of the ribosome from both eubacterial and eukaryotic systems, including ribosomes from pathogenic organisms. This article presents a brief account of the contributions made by Joachim Frank to the ribosome field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Rajendra K Agrawal
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
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Murina V, Kasari M, Takada H, Hinnu M, Saha CK, Grimshaw JW, Seki T, Reith M, Putrinš M, Tenson T, Strahl H, Hauryliuk V, Atkinson GC. ABCF ATPases Involved in Protein Synthesis, Ribosome Assembly and Antibiotic Resistance: Structural and Functional Diversification across the Tree of Life. J Mol Biol 2018; 431:3568-3590. [PMID: 30597160 PMCID: PMC6723617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Within the larger ABC superfamily of ATPases, ABCF family members eEF3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and EttA in Escherichia coli have been found to function as ribosomal translation factors. Several other ABCFs including biochemically characterized VgaA, LsaA and MsrE confer resistance to antibiotics that target the peptidyl transferase center and exit tunnel of the ribosome. However, the diversity of ABCF subfamilies, the relationships among subfamilies and the evolution of antibiotic resistance (ARE) factors from other ABCFs have not been explored. To address this, we analyzed the presence of ABCFs and their domain architectures in 4505 genomes across the tree of life. We find 45 distinct subfamilies of ABCFs that are widespread across bacterial and eukaryotic phyla, suggesting that they were present in the last common ancestor of both. Surprisingly, currently known ARE ABCFs are not confined to a distinct lineage of the ABCF family tree, suggesting that ARE can readily evolve from other ABCF functions. Our data suggest that there are a number of previously unidentified ARE ABCFs in antibiotic producers and important human pathogens. We also find that ATPase-deficient mutants of all four E. coli ABCFs (EttA, YbiT, YheS and Uup) inhibit protein synthesis, indicative of their ribosomal function, and demonstrate a genetic interaction of ABCFs Uup and YheS with translational GTPase BipA involved in assembly of the 50S ribosome subunit. Finally, we show that the ribosome-binding resistance factor VmlR from Bacillus subtilis is localized to the cytoplasm, ruling out a role in antibiotic efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoriia Murina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marje Kasari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hiraku Takada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mariliis Hinnu
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chayan Kumar Saha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - James W Grimshaw
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, 263-8522 Chiba, Japan
| | - Michael Reith
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marta Putrinš
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Henrik Strahl
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Vasili Hauryliuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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40
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Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen and has become increasingly resistant to clinically important antimicrobials. To cope with the selection pressure from antimicrobial use in both veterinary and human medicine, Campylobacter has developed multiple mechanisms for antibiotic resistance, including modification or mutation of antimicrobial targets, modification or inactivation of antibiotics, and reduced drug accumulation by drug efflux pumps. Some of these mechanisms confer resistance to a specific class of antimicrobials, while others give rise to multidrug resistance. Notably, new antibiotic resistance mechanisms continuously emerge in Campylobacter, and some examples include the recently discovered multidrug resistance genomic islands harboring multiple genes involved in the resistance to aminoglycosides and macrolides, a novel Cfr(C) conferring resistance to phenicols and other drugs, and a potent multidrug efflux pump CmeABC variant (RE-CmeABC) that shows a significantly enhanced function in multidrug resistance and is associated with exceedingly high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones. These newly emerged resistance mechanisms are horizontally transferable and greatly facilitate the adaptation of Campylobacter in the food-producing environments where antibiotics are frequently used. In this article, we will discuss how Campylobacter resists the action of various classes of antimicrobials, with an emphasis on newly discovered mechanisms.
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Mu Z, Zou Z, Yang Y, Wang W, Xu Y, Huang J, Cai R, Liu Y, Mo Y, Wang B, Dang Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Tan Q, Liu X, Hu C, Li H, Wei S, Lou C, Yu Y, Wang J. A genetically engineered Escherichia coli that senses and degrades tetracycline antibiotic residue. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:196-203. [PMID: 30345405 PMCID: PMC6190513 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the abuse of antibiotics, antibiotic residues can be detected in both natural environment and various industrial products, posing threat to the environment and human health. Here we describe the design and implementation of an engineered Escherichia coli capable of degrading tetracycline (Tc)-one of the commonly used antibiotics once on humans and now on poultry, cattle and fisheries. A Tc-degrading enzyme, TetX, from the obligate anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis was cloned and recombinantly expressed in E. coli and fully characterized, including its K m and k cat value. We quantitatively evaluated its activity both in vitro and in vivo by UV-Vis spectrometer and LC-MS. Moreover, we used a tetracycline inducible amplification circuit including T7 RNA polymerase and its specific promoter PT7 to enhance the expression level of TetX, and studied the dose-response of TetX under different inducer concentrations. Since the deployment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) outside laboratory brings about safety concerns, it is necessary to explore the possibility of integrating a kill-switch. Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems were used to construct a mutually dependent host-plasmid platform and biocontainment systems in various academic and industrious situations. We selected nine TA systems from various bacteria strains and measured the toxicity of toxins (T) and the detoxifying activity of cognate antitoxins (A) to validate their potential to be used to build a kill-switch. These results prove the possibility of using engineered microorganisms to tackle antibiotic residues in environment efficiently and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Mu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuoning Zou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianyi Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruiling Cai
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yajin Mo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Boyi Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiqun Dang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongming Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yueren Jiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingyang Tan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Team for iGEM 2016, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hua Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Biomacromolecules, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sha Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Biomacromolecules, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunbo Lou
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Wang JH, Lu J, Zhang YX, Wu J, Luo Y, Liu H. Metagenomic analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in coastal industrial mariculture systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:235-243. [PMID: 29353751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics has posed a propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture systems. This study firstly explored the ARGs profiles of the typical mariculture farms including conventional and recirculating systems using metagenomics approach. Fifty ARGs subtypes belonging to 21 ARGs types were identified, showing the wide-spectrum profiles of ARGs in the coastal industrial mariculture systems. ARGs with multiple antibiotics resistance have emerged in the mariculure systems. The co-occurrence pattern between ARGs and microbial taxa showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were potential dominant hosts of ARGs in the industrial mariculture systems. Typical nitrifying bacteria such as Nitrospinae in mariculture systems also carried with some resistance genes. Relative abundance of ARGs in fish ponds and wastewater treatment units was relatively high. The investigation showed that industrial mariculture systems were important ARGs reservoirs in coastal area, indicating the critical role of recirculating systems in the terms of ARGs pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co. Ltd, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
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Sharkey LKR, O’Neill AJ. Antibiotic Resistance ABC-F Proteins: Bringing Target Protection into the Limelight. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:239-246. [PMID: 29376318 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-F protein subfamily collectively mediate resistance to a broader range of clinically important antibiotic classes than any other group of resistance proteins and are widespread in pathogenic bacteria. Following over 25 years' of controversy regarding the mechanism by which these proteins work, it has recently been established that they provide antibiotic resistance through the previously recognized but underappreciated phenomenon of target protection; they bind to the ribosome to effect the release of ribosome-targeted antibiotics, thereby rescuing the translation apparatus from antibiotic-mediated inhibition. Here we review the ABC-F resistance proteins with an emphasis on their mechanism of action, first exploring the history of the debate about how these proteins work and outlining our current state of knowledge and then considering key questions to be addressed in understanding the molecular detail of their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam K. R. Sharkey
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Alex J. O’Neill
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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44
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Gibbs MR, Fredrick K. Roles of elusive translational GTPases come to light and inform on the process of ribosome biogenesis in bacteria. Mol Microbiol 2017; 107:445-454. [PMID: 29235176 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein synthesis relies on several translational GTPases (trGTPases), related proteins that couple the hydrolysis of GTP to specific molecular events on the ribosome. Most bacterial trGTPases, including IF2, EF-Tu, EF-G and RF3, play well-known roles in translation. The cellular functions of LepA (also termed EF4) and BipA (also termed TypA), conversely, have remained enigmatic. Recent studies provide compelling in vivo evidence that LepA and BipA function in biogenesis of the 30S and 50S subunit respectively. These findings have important implications for ribosome biogenesis in bacteria. Because the GTPase activity of each of these proteins depends on interactions with both ribosomal subunits, some portion of 30S and 50S assembly must occur in the context of the 70S ribosome. In this review, we introduce the trGTPases of bacteria, describe the new functional data on LepA and BipA, and discuss the how these findings shape our current view of ribosome biogenesis in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Gibbs
- Department of Microbiology and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kurt Fredrick
- Department of Microbiology and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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45
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Abstract
Natural products have served as powerful therapeutics against pathogenic bacteria since the golden age of antibiotics of the mid-20th century. However, the increasing frequency of antibiotic-resistant infections clearly demonstrates that new antibiotics are critical for modern medicine. Because combinatorial approaches have not yielded effective drugs, we propose that the development of new antibiotics around proven natural scaffolds is the best short-term solution to the rising crisis of antibiotic resistance. We analyze herein synthetic approaches aiming to reengineer natural products into potent antibiotics. Furthermore, we discuss approaches in modulating quorum sensing and biofilm formation as a nonlethal method, as well as narrow-spectrum pathogen-specific antibiotics, which are of interest given new insights into the implications of disrupting the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. Rossiter
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Madison H. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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46
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Abstract
Emergence of resistance among the most important bacterial pathogens is recognized as a major public health threat affecting humans worldwide. Multidrug-resistant organisms have not only emerged in the hospital environment but are now often identified in community settings, suggesting that reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are present outside the hospital. The bacterial response to the antibiotic "attack" is the prime example of bacterial adaptation and the pinnacle of evolution. "Survival of the fittest" is a consequence of an immense genetic plasticity of bacterial pathogens that trigger specific responses that result in mutational adaptations, acquisition of genetic material, or alteration of gene expression producing resistance to virtually all antibiotics currently available in clinical practice. Therefore, understanding the biochemical and genetic basis of resistance is of paramount importance to design strategies to curtail the emergence and spread of resistance and to devise innovative therapeutic approaches against multidrug-resistant organisms. In this chapter, we will describe in detail the major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance encountered in clinical practice, providing specific examples in relevant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Matzov
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;, ,
| | - Anat Bashan
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;, ,
| | - Ada Yonath
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;, ,
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48
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Conserved GTPase LepA (Elongation Factor 4) functions in biogenesis of the 30S subunit of the 70S ribosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:980-985. [PMID: 28096346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613665114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological role of LepA, a paralog of EF-G found in all bacteria, has been a mystery for decades. Here, we show that LepA functions in ribosome biogenesis. In cells lacking LepA, immature 30S particles accumulate. Four proteins are specifically underrepresented in these particles-S3, S10, S14, and S21-all of which bind late in the assembly process and contribute to the folding of the 3' domain of 16S rRNA. Processing of 16S rRNA is also delayed in the mutant strain, as indicated by increased levels of precursor 17S rRNA in assembly intermediates. Mutation ΔlepA confers a synthetic growth phenotype in absence of RsgA, another GTPase, well known to act in 30S subunit assembly. Analysis of the ΔrsgA strain reveals accumulation of intermediates that resemble those seen in the absence of LepA. These data suggest that RsgA and LepA play partially redundant roles to ensure efficient 30S assembly.
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Ibrahim J, Eisen JA, Jospin G, Coil DA, Khazen G, Tokajian S. Genome Analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes Associated with Pharyngitis and Skin Infections. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168177. [PMID: 27977735 PMCID: PMC5158041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a very important human pathogen, commonly associated with skin or throat infections but can also cause life-threatening situations including sepsis, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, and necrotizing fasciitis. Various studies involving typing and molecular characterization of S. pyogenes have been published to date; however next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies provide a comprehensive collection of an organism’s genetic variation. In this study, the genomes of nine S. pyogenes isolates associated with pharyngitis and skin infection were sequenced and studied for the presence of virulence genes, resistance elements, prophages, genomic recombination, and other genomic features. Additionally, a comparative phylogenetic analysis of the isolates with global clones highlighted their possible evolutionary lineage and their site of infection. The genomes were found to also house a multitude of features including gene regulation systems, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Ibrahim
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Jonathan A. Eisen
- University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Jospin
- University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - David A. Coil
- University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Georges Khazen
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
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Buszewski B, Rafiſska K, Pomastowski P, Walczak J, Rogowska A. Novel aspects of silver nanoparticles functionalization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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