1
|
Shi J, Wang Z, Wang Z, Shao G, Li X. Epigenetic regulation in adult neural stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1331074. [PMID: 38357000 PMCID: PMC10864612 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1331074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) exhibit self-renewing and multipotential properties. Adult NSCs are located in two neurogenic regions of adult brain: the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. Maintenance and differentiation of adult NSCs are regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals that may be integrated through expression of some key factors in the adult NSCs. A number of transcription factors have been shown to play essential roles in transcriptional regulation of NSC cell fate transitions in the adult brain. Epigenetic regulators have also emerged as key players in regulation of NSCs, neural progenitor cells and their differentiated progeny via epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling and RNA-mediated transcriptional regulation. This minireview is primarily focused on epigenetic regulations of adult NSCs during adult neurogenesis, in conjunction with transcriptional regulation in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Zhenhai Lianhua Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guofeng Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiajun Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lax E, Do Carmo S, Enuka Y, Sapozhnikov DM, Welikovitch LA, Mahmood N, Rabbani SA, Wang L, Britt JP, Hancock WW, Yarden Y, Szyf M. Methyl-CpG binding domain 2 (Mbd2) is an epigenetic regulator of autism-risk genes and cognition. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:259. [PMID: 37443311 PMCID: PMC10344909 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Methyl-CpG-Binding Domain Protein family has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. The Methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 (Mbd2) binds methylated DNA and was shown to play an important role in cancer and immunity. Some evidence linked this protein to neurodevelopment. However, its exact role in neurodevelopment and brain function is mostly unknown. Here we show that Mbd2-deficiency in mice (Mbd2-/-) results in deficits in cognitive, social and emotional functions. Mbd2 binds regulatory DNA regions of neuronal genes in the hippocampus and loss of Mbd2 alters the expression of hundreds of genes with a robust down-regulation of neuronal gene pathways. Further, a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis found an altered DNA methylation pattern in regulatory DNA regions of neuronal genes in Mbd2-/- mice. Differentially expressed genes significantly overlap with gene-expression changes observed in brains of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) individuals. Notably, downregulated genes are significantly enriched for human ortholog ASD risk genes. Observed hippocampal morphological abnormalities were similar to those found in individuals with ASD and ASD rodent models. Hippocampal Mbd2 knockdown partially recapitulates the behavioral phenotypes observed in Mbd2-/- mice. These findings suggest that Mbd2 is a novel epigenetic regulator of genes that are associated with ASD in humans. Mbd2 loss causes behavioral alterations that resemble those found in ASD individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elad Lax
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yehoshua Enuka
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Daniel M Sapozhnikov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lindsay A Welikovitch
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Niaz Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shafaat A Rabbani
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Liqing Wang
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Britt
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yde Ohki CM, Walter NM, Bender A, Rickli M, Ruhstaller S, Walitza S, Grünblatt E. Growth rates of human induced pluripotent stem cells and neural stem cells from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder patients: a preliminary study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:243-252. [PMID: 36800023 PMCID: PMC10033475 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental polygenic disorder that affects more than 5% of children and adolescents around the world. Genetic and environmental factors play important roles in ADHD etiology, which leads to a wide range of clinical outcomes and biological phenotypes across the population. Brain maturation delays of a 4-year lag are commonly found in patients, when compared to controls of the same age. Possible differences in cellular growth rates might reflect the clinical observations in ADHD patients. However, the cellular mechanisms are still not elucidated. To test this hypothesis, we analysed the proliferation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from male children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and with genetic predisposition to it (assessed using polygenic risk scores), as well as their respective matched controls. In the current pilot study, it was noticeable that NSCs from the ADHD group proliferate less than controls, while no differences were seen at the iPSC developmental stage. Our results from two distinct proliferation methods indicate that the functional and structural delays found in patients might be associated with these in vitro phenotypic differences, but start at a distinct neurodevelopmental stage. These findings are the first ones in the field of disease modelling of ADHD and might be crucial to better understand the pathophysiology of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Marie Yde Ohki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Biomedicine PhD Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Monet Walter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Rickli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sina Ruhstaller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Translational Molecular Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie T, Chen S, Hao J, Wu P, Gu X, Wei H, Li Z, Xiao J. Roles of calcium signaling in cancer metastasis to bone. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:445-462. [PMID: 36071984 PMCID: PMC9446157 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a frequent complication for cancers and an important reason for the mortality in cancer patients. After surviving in bone, cancer cells can cause severe pain, life-threatening hypercalcemia, pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and even death. However, the underlying mechanisms of bone metastasis were not clear. The role of calcium (Ca2+) in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion has been well established. Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that Ca2+ signaling played a key role in bone metastasis, for it not only promotes cancer progression but also mediates osteoclasts and osteoblasts differentiation. Therefore, Ca2+ signaling has emerged as a novel therapeutical target for cancer bone metastasis treatments. Here, the role of Ca2+ channels and Ca2+-binding proteins including calmodulin and Ca2+-sensing receptor in bone metastasis, and the perspective of anti-cancer bone metastasis therapeutics via targeting the Ca2+ signaling pathway are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Xie
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jiang Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xuelian Gu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhenxi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Molecular Organization and Patterning of the Medulla Oblongata in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169260. [PMID: 36012524 PMCID: PMC9409237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The medulla oblongata, located in the hindbrain between the pons and the spinal cord, is an important relay center for critical sensory, proprioceptive, and motoric information. It is an evolutionarily highly conserved brain region, both structural and functional, and consists of a multitude of nuclei all involved in different aspects of basic but vital functions. Understanding the functional anatomy and developmental program of this structure can help elucidate potential role(s) of the medulla in neurological disorders. Here, we have described the early molecular patterning of the medulla during murine development, from the fundamental units that structure the very early medullary region into 5 rhombomeres (r7–r11) and 13 different longitudinal progenitor domains, to the neuronal clusters derived from these progenitors that ultimately make-up the different medullary nuclei. By doing so, we developed a schematic overview that can be used to predict the cell-fate of a progenitor group, or pinpoint the progenitor domain of origin of medullary nuclei. This schematic overview can further be used to help in the explanation of medulla-related symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders, e.g., congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, Wold–Hirschhorn syndrome, Rett syndrome, and Pitt–Hopkins syndrome. Based on the genetic defects seen in these syndromes, we can use our model to predict which medullary nuclei might be affected, which can be used to quickly direct the research into these diseases to the likely affected nuclei.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang WJ, Shi LL, Zhang L. Dysregulated cortical synaptic plasticity under methyl-CpG binding protein 2 deficiency and its implication in motor impairments. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:673-682. [PMID: 35663301 PMCID: PMC9150038 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i5.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caused by the mutation of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), Rett syndrome leads to a battery of severe neural dysfunctions including the regression of motor coordination and motor learning. Current understanding has revealed the motor cortex as the critical region mediating voluntary movement. In this review article, we will summarize major findings from human patients and animal models regarding the cortical synaptic plasticity under the regulation of MeCP2. We will also discuss how mutation of MeCP2 leads to the disruption of cortical circuitry homeostasis to cause motor deficits. Lastly, potential values of physical exercise and neuromodulation approaches to recover neural plasticity and motor function will be evaluated. All of this evidence may help to accelerate timely diagnosis and effective interventions for Rett syndrome patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Zhang
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Shi
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bicker F, Nardi L, Maier J, Vasic V, Schmeisser MJ. Criss-crossing autism spectrum disorder and adult neurogenesis. J Neurochem 2021; 159:452-478. [PMID: 34478569 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorders primarily characterized by deficits in social interaction and repetitive behavior. Although the onset is typically in early childhood, ASD poses a lifelong challenge for both patients and caretakers. Adult neurogenesis (AN) is the process by which new functional neurons are created from neural stem cells existing in the post-natal brain. The entire event is based on a sequence of cellular processes, such as proliferation, specification of cell fate, maturation, and ultimately, synaptic integration into the existing neural circuits. Hence, AN is implicated in structural and functional brain plasticity throughout life. Accumulating evidence shows that impaired AN may underlie some of the abnormal behavioral phenotypes seen in ASD. In this review, we approach the interconnections between the molecular pathways related to AN and ASD. We also discuss existing therapeutic approaches targeting such pathways both in preclinical and clinical studies. A deeper understanding of how ASD and AN reciprocally affect one another could reveal important converging pathways leading to the emergence of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bicker
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonardo Nardi
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jannik Maier
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verica Vasic
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J Schmeisser
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zocher S, Overall RW, Lesche M, Dahl A, Kempermann G. Environmental enrichment preserves a young DNA methylation landscape in the aged mouse hippocampus. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3892. [PMID: 34162876 PMCID: PMC8222384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline of brain function during aging is associated with epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation. Lifestyle interventions can improve brain function during aging, but their influence on age-related epigenetic changes is unknown. Using genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing, we here show that experiencing a stimulus-rich environment counteracts age-related DNA methylation changes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of mice. Specifically, environmental enrichment prevented the aging-induced CpG hypomethylation at target sites of the methyl-CpG-binding protein Mecp2, which is critical to neuronal function. The genes at which environmental enrichment counteracted aging effects have described roles in neuronal plasticity, neuronal cell communication and adult hippocampal neurogenesis and are dysregulated with age-related cognitive decline in the human brain. Our results highlight the stimulating effects of environmental enrichment on hippocampal plasticity at the level of DNA methylation and give molecular insights into the specific aspects of brain aging that can be counteracted by lifestyle interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zocher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rupert W Overall
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen J, Dong X, Cheng X, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Li Q, Huang X, Wang M, Li L, Guo W, Sun B, Shu Q, Yi W, Li X. Ogt controls neural stem/progenitor cell pool and adult neurogenesis through modulating Notch signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108905. [PMID: 33789105 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ogt catalyzed O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation, O-GlcNAc) plays an important function in diverse biological processes and diseases. However, the roles of Ogt in regulating neurogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we show that Ogt deficiency or depletion in adult neural stem/progenitor cells (aNSPCs) leads to the diminishment of the aNSPC pool and aberrant neurogenesis and consequently impairs cognitive function in adult mice. RNA sequencing reveals that Ogt deficiency alters the transcription of genes relating to cell cycle, neurogenesis, and neuronal development. Mechanistic studies show that Ogt directly interacts with Notch1 and catalyzes the O-GlcNAc modification of Notch TM/ICD fragment. Decreased O-GlcNAc modification of TM/ICD increases the binding of E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch to TM/ICD and promotes its degradation. Itch knockdown rescues neurogenic defects induced by Ogt deficiency in vitro and in vivo. Our findings reveal the essential roles and mechanisms of Ogt and O-GlcNAc modification in regulating mammalian neurogenesis and cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Chen
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China; The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xiaoxue Dong
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China; The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xuejun Cheng
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058; The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China; The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Qian Li
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China; The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liping Li
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China; The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Binggui Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.
| | - Wen Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058; The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China.
| | - Xuekun Li
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China; The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gomes AR, Fernandes TG, Vaz SH, Silva TP, Bekman EP, Xapelli S, Duarte S, Ghazvini M, Gribnau J, Muotri AR, Trujillo CA, Sebastião AM, Cabral JMS, Diogo MM. Modeling Rett Syndrome With Human Patient-Specific Forebrain Organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:610427. [PMID: 33363173 PMCID: PMC7758289 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering brain organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a powerful tool for modeling brain development and neurological disorders. Rett syndrome (RTT), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, can greatly benefit from this technology, since it affects multiple neuronal subtypes in forebrain sub-regions. We have established dorsal and ventral forebrain organoids from control and RTT patient-specific hiPSCs recapitulating 3D organization and functional network complexity. Our data revealed a premature development of the deep-cortical layer, associated to the formation of TBR1 and CTIP2 neurons, and a lower expression of neural progenitor/proliferative cells in female RTT dorsal organoids. Moreover, calcium imaging and electrophysiology analysis demonstrated functional defects of RTT neurons. Additionally, assembly of RTT dorsal and ventral organoids revealed impairments of interneuron’s migration. Overall, our models provide a better understanding of RTT during early stages of neural development, demonstrating a great potential for personalized diagnosis and drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa P Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evguenia P Bekman
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine (Lisbon Campus), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Duarte
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mehrnaz Ghazvini
- Erasmus MC iPS Facility, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Margarida Diogo
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang D, Wu X, Zhou Y, Wang W, Wang Z. The microRNA/TET3/REST axis is required for olfactory globose basal cell proliferation and male behavior. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49431. [PMID: 32677323 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the main olfactory epithelium (MOE), new olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are persistently generated to replace lost neurons throughout an organism's lifespan. This process predominantly depends on the proliferation of globose basal cells (GBCs), the actively dividing stem cells in the MOE. Here, by using CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi coupled with adeno-associated virus (AAV) nose delivery approaches, we demonstrated that knockdown of miR-200b/a in the MOE resulted in supernumerary Mash1-marked GBCs and decreased numbers of differentiated OSNs, accompanied by abrogation of male behaviors. We further showed that in the MOE, miR-200b/a targets the ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase TET3, which cooperates with RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) to exert their functions. Deficiencies including proliferation, differentiation, and behaviors illustrated in miR-200b/a knockdown mice were rescued by suppressing either TET3 or REST. Our work describes a mechanism of coordination of GBC proliferation and differentiation in the MOE and olfactory male behaviors through miR-200/TET3/REST signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiangbo Wu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanfen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Weina Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li X, Li X, He S, Zhao M. MeCP2-421-mediated RPE epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its relevance to the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9420-9427. [PMID: 32638535 PMCID: PMC7417696 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a blinding eye disease. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RPE cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PVR. In the current study, we sought to investigate the role of the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MeCP2), especially P‐MeCP2‐421 in the pathogenesis of PVR. The expressions of P‐MeCP2‐421, P‐MeCP2‐80, PPAR‐γ and the double labelling of P‐MeCP2‐421 with α‐SMA, cytokeratin, TGF‐β and PPAR‐γ in human PVR membranes were analysed by immunohistochemistry. The effect of knocking down MeCP2 using siRNA on the expressions of α‐SMA, phospho‐Smad2/3, collagen I, fibronectin and PPAR‐γ; the expression of α‐SMA stimulated by recombinant MeCP2 in ARPE‐19; and the effect of TGF‐β and 5‐AZA treatment on PPAR‐γ expression were analysed by Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to determine the binding of MeCP2 to TGF‐β. Our results showed that P‐MeCP2‐421 was highly expressed in PVR membranes and was double labelled with α‐SMA, cytokeratin and TGF‐β, knocking down MeCP2 inhibited the activation of Smad2/3 and the expression of collagen I and fibronectin induced by TGF‐β. TGF‐β inhibited the expression of PPAR‐γ, silence of MeCP2 by siRNA or using MeCP2 inhibitor (5‐AZA) increased the expression of PPAR‐γ. α‐SMA was up‐regulated by the treatment of recombinant MeCP2. Importantly, we found that MeCP2 bound to TGF‐β as demonstrated by Chip assay. The results suggest that MeCP2 especially P‐MeCP2‐421 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PVR and targeting MeCP2 may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of PVR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shikun He
- Ophthalmology Optometry Centre, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,Departments of Pathology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Ophthalmology Optometry Centre, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fagiolini M, Patrizi A, LeBlanc J, Jin LW, Maezawa I, Sinnett S, Gray SJ, Molholm S, Foxe JJ, Johnston MV, Naidu S, Blue M, Hossain A, Kadam S, Zhao X, Chang Q, Zhou Z, Zoghbi H. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Centers: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understand the Pathogenesis of Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2-related Disorders. Neuroscience 2020; 445:190-206. [PMID: 32360592 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disruptions in the gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) underlie complex neurodevelopmental disorders including Rett Syndrome (RTT), MECP2 duplication disorder, intellectual disabilities, and autism. Significant progress has been made on the molecular and cellular basis of MECP2-related disorders providing a new framework for understanding how altered epigenetic landscape can derail the formation and refinement of neuronal circuits in early postnatal life and proper neurological function. This review will summarize selected major findings from the past years and particularly highlight the integrated and multidisciplinary work done at eight NIH-funded Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Centers (IDDRC) across the US. Finally, we will outline a path forward with identification of reliable biomarkers and outcome measures, longitudinal preclinical and clinical studies, reproducibility of results across centers as a synergistic effort to decode and treat the pathogenesis of the complex MeCP2 disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Fagiolini
- Children's Hospital Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Annarita Patrizi
- Children's Hospital Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jocelyn LeBlanc
- Children's Hospital Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Izumi Maezawa
- UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Sinnett
- UNC Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of North Carolina, Gene Therapy Center and Dept. of Ophthalmology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Steven J Gray
- UNC Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of North Carolina, Gene Therapy Center and Dept. of Ophthalmology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sophie Molholm
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Departments of Pediatrics, Neuroscience, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John J Foxe
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael V Johnston
- Kennedy Krieger Institute Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center/Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sakkubai Naidu
- Kennedy Krieger Institute Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center/Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mary Blue
- Kennedy Krieger Institute Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center/Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ahamed Hossain
- Kennedy Krieger Institute Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center/Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA
| | - Shilpa Kadam
- Kennedy Krieger Institute Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center/Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Quiang Chang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhaolan Zhou
- Department of Genetic, Epigenetic Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Huda Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
MicroRNA-212-3p regulates early neurogenesis through the AKT/mTOR pathway by targeting MeCP2. Neurochem Int 2020; 137:104734. [PMID: 32246981 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence has implicated role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in neurogenesis. Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2) was a key contributor to neurological disease. This study investigated whether miR-212-3p affects early neurogenesis associated with MeCP2. Microarray-based gene expression profiling of neurogenesis was employed to identify differentially expressed genes. Next, miR-212-3p expression in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) was detected using in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. Effect of miR-212-3p and MeCP2 on cell viability, β-tubulin III expression and the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activity was examined with gain- and loss-of-function experiments. In vivo experiments were also performed to verify effects of miR-212-3p on nerve tube development. MiR-212-3p expression was decreased while MeCP2 expression was increased during differentiation of NPCs. MiR-212-3p targets MeCP2 and down-regulates its expression, which resulted in repressed cell differentiation, proliferation as well as blocked AKT/mTOR pathway activation, subsequently early neurogenesis was prevented. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-212-3p inhibited nerve tube development in vivo. Taken together, miR-212-3p could restrain early neurogenesis through the blockade of AKT/mTOR pathway activation by targeting MeCP2, suggesting a promising therapeutic target for neurogenic disorders.
Collapse
|
15
|
Poon CH, Chan YS, Fung ML, Lim LW. Memory and neuromodulation: A perspective of DNA methylation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 111:57-68. [PMID: 31846654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulation techniques have shown promising efficacy on memory function and understanding the epigenetic mechanisms contributing to these processes would shed light on the molecular outcomes essential for cognition. In this review, we highlight some epigenetic mechanisms underlying neuromodulation and regulatory effects of neuronal activity-induced DNA methylation on genes that are highly involved in memory formation. Next, we examine the evidence to support DNA methyltransferase 3a, methyl-CpG binding protein 2, and DNA demethylase as possible memory modulation targets. Finally, we report the recent developments in the field of neuromodulation and explore the potential of these techniques for future neuroepigenetic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun Y, Gao Y, Tidei JJ, Shen M, Hoang JT, Wagner DF, Zhao X. Loss of MeCP2 in immature neurons leads to impaired network integration. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:245-257. [PMID: 30277526 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations or deletions in Methyl-CpG-binding Protein 2 (MeCP2), a brain-enriched transcriptional regulator. MeCP2 is highly expressed during neuronal maturation and its deficiency results in impaired dendritic morphogenesis and reduced dendritic spine numbers in developing neurons. However, whether MeCP2 deficiency impacts the integration of new neurons has not been directly assessed. In this study, we developed a modified rabies virus-mediated monosynaptic retrograde tracing method to interrogate presynaptic integration of MeCP2-deficient new neurons born in the adult hippocampus, a region with lifelong neurogenesis and plasticity. We found that selective deletion of MeCP2 in adult-born new neurons impaired their long-range connectivity to the cortex, whereas their connectivity within the local hippocampal circuits or with subcortical regions was not significantly affected. We further showed that knockdown of MeCP2 in primary hippocampal neurons also resulted in reduced network integration. Interestingly, (1-3) insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a small peptide under clinical trial testing for RTT, rescued neuronal integration deficits of MeCP2-deficient neurons in vitro but not in vivo. In addition, (1-3) IGF-1 treatment corrected aberrant excitability and network synchrony of MeCP2-deficient hippocampal neurons. Our results indicate that MeCP2 is essential for immature neurons to establish appropriate network connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.,Waisman Center
| | - Yu Gao
- Waisman Center.,Department of Neuroscience
| | | | | | | | | | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center.,Department of Neuroscience.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lack of MeCP2 leads to region-specific increase of doublecortin in the olfactory system. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1647-1658. [PMID: 30923887 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The protein doublecortin is mainly expressed in migrating neuroblasts and immature neurons. The X-linked gene MECP2, associated to several neurodevelopmental disorders such as Rett syndrome, encodes the protein methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a regulatory protein that has been implicated in neuronal maturation and refinement of olfactory circuits. Here, we explored doublecortin immunoreactivity in the brain of young adult female Mecp2-heterozygous and male Mecp2-null mice and their wild-type littermates. The distribution of doublecortin-immunoreactive somata in neurogenic brain regions was consistent with previous reports in rodents, and no qualitative differences were found between genotypes or sexes. Quantitatively, we found a significant increase in doublecortin cell density in the piriform cortex of Mecp2-null males as compared to WT littermates. A similar increase was seen in a newly identified population of doublecortin cells in the olfactory tubercle. In these olfactory structures, however, the percentage of doublecortin immature neurons that also expressed NeuN was not different between genotypes. By contrast, we found no significant differences between genotypes in doublecortin immunoreactivity in the olfactory bulbs. Nonetheless, in the periglomerular layer of Mecp2-null males, we observed a specific decrease of immature neurons co-expressing doublecortin and NeuN. Overall, no differences were evident between Mecp2-heterozygous and WT females. In addition, no differences could be detected between genotypes in the density of doublecortin-immunoreactive cells in the hippocampus or striatum of either males or females. Our results suggest that MeCP2 is involved in neuronal maturation in a region-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
18
|
Guy J, Alexander-Howden B, FitzPatrick L, DeSousa D, Koerner MV, Selfridge J, Bird A. A mutation-led search for novel functional domains in MeCP2. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2531-2545. [PMID: 29718204 PMCID: PMC6030874 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most missense mutations causing Rett syndrome (RTT) affect domains of MeCP2 that have been shown to either bind methylated DNA or interact with a transcriptional co-repressor complex. Several mutations, however, including the C-terminal truncations that account for ∼10% of cases, fall outside these characterized domains. We studied the molecular consequences of four of these ‘non-canonical’ mutations in cultured neurons and mice to see if they reveal additional essential domains without affecting known properties of MeCP2. The results show that the mutations partially or strongly deplete the protein and also in some cases interfere with co-repressor recruitment. These mutations therefore impact the activity of known functional domains and do not invoke new molecular causes of RTT. The finding that a stable C-terminal truncation does not compromise MeCP2 function raises the possibility that small molecules which stabilize these mutant proteins may be of therapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Guy
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Laura FitzPatrick
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dina DeSousa
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martha V Koerner
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jim Selfridge
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adrian Bird
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hinojosa-Godinez A, Jave-Suarez LF, Flores-Soto M, Gálvez-Contreras AY, Luquín S, Oregon-Romero E, González-Pérez O, González-Castañeda RE. Melatonin modifies SOX2 + cell proliferation in dentate gyrus and modulates SIRT1 and MECP2 in long-term sleep deprivation. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1787-1795. [PMID: 31169197 PMCID: PMC6585545 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.257537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that, after a short-term sleep deprivation, promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus. However, this effect has not been observed in long-term sleep deprivation. The precise mechanism exerted by melatonin on the modulation of neural stem cells is not entirely elucidated, but evidence indicates that epigenetic regulators may be involved in this process. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin treatment during a 96-hour sleep deprivation and analyzed the expression of epigenetic modulators predicted by computational text mining and keyword clusterization. Our results showed that the administration of melatonin under sleep-deprived conditions increased the MECP2 expression and reduced the SIRT1 expression in the dentate gyrus. We observed that let-7b, mir-132, and mir-124 were highly expressed in the dentate gyrus after melatonin administration, but they were not modified by sleep deprivation. In addition, we found more Sox2+/5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)+ cells in the subgranular zone of the sleep-deprived group treated with melatonin than in the untreated group. These findings may support the notion that melatonin modifies the expression of epigenetic mediators that, in turn, regulate the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the adult dentate gyrus under long-term sleep-deprived conditions. All procedures performed in this study were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Guadalajara, Mexico (approval No. CI-16610) on January 2, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hinojosa-Godinez
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Luis F Jave-Suarez
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
| | - Mario Flores-Soto
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
| | - Alma Y Gálvez-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias; Unidad de Atención en Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Sonia Luquín
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Oscar González-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
| | - Rocio E González-Castañeda
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias; Unidad de Atención en Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Courchesne E, Pramparo T, Gazestani VH, Lombardo MV, Pierce K, Lewis NE. The ASD Living Biology: from cell proliferation to clinical phenotype. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:88-107. [PMID: 29934544 PMCID: PMC6309606 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has captured the attention of scientists, clinicians and the lay public because of its uncertain origins and striking and unexplained clinical heterogeneity. Here we review genetic, genomic, cellular, postmortem, animal model, and cell model evidence that shows ASD begins in the womb. This evidence leads to a new theory that ASD is a multistage, progressive disorder of brain development, spanning nearly all of prenatal life. ASD can begin as early as the 1st and 2nd trimester with disruption of cell proliferation and differentiation. It continues with disruption of neural migration, laminar disorganization, altered neuron maturation and neurite outgrowth, disruption of synaptogenesis and reduced neural network functioning. Among the most commonly reported high-confidence ASD (hcASD) genes, 94% express during prenatal life and affect these fetal processes in neocortex, amygdala, hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum. A majority of hcASD genes are pleiotropic, and affect proliferation/differentiation and/or synapse development. Proliferation and subsequent fetal stages can also be disrupted by maternal immune activation in the 1st trimester. Commonly implicated pathways, PI3K/AKT and RAS/ERK, are also pleiotropic and affect multiple fetal processes from proliferation through synapse and neural functional development. In different ASD individuals, variation in how and when these pleiotropic pathways are dysregulated, will lead to different, even opposing effects, producing prenatal as well as later neural and clinical heterogeneity. Thus, the pathogenesis of ASD is not set at one point in time and does not reside in one process, but rather is a cascade of prenatal pathogenic processes in the vast majority of ASD toddlers. Despite this new knowledge and theory that ASD biology begins in the womb, current research methods have not provided individualized information: What are the fetal processes and early-age molecular and cellular differences that underlie ASD in each individual child? Without such individualized knowledge, rapid advances in biological-based diagnostic, prognostic, and precision medicine treatments cannot occur. Missing, therefore, is what we call ASD Living Biology. This is a conceptual and paradigm shift towards a focus on the abnormal prenatal processes underlying ASD within each living individual. The concept emphasizes the specific need for foundational knowledge of a living child's development from abnormal prenatal beginnings to early clinical stages. The ASD Living Biology paradigm seeks this knowledge by linking genetic and in vitro prenatal molecular, cellular and neural measurements with in vivo post-natal molecular, neural and clinical presentation and progression in each ASD child. We review the first such study, which confirms the multistage fetal nature of ASD and provides the first in vitro fetal-stage explanation for in vivo early brain overgrowth. Within-child ASD Living Biology is a novel research concept we coin here that advocates the integration of in vitro prenatal and in vivo early post-natal information to generate individualized and group-level explanations, clinically useful prognoses, and precision medicine approaches that are truly beneficial for the individual infant and toddler with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Courchesne
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Drive, Suite 201, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Tiziano Pramparo
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Drive, Suite 201, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Vahid H Gazestani
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Drive, Suite 201, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael V Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen Pierce
- Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Drive, Suite 201, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in brain health and disease. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:67-87. [PMID: 29679070 PMCID: PMC6195869 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is highly regulated by a number of environmental and cell-intrinsic factors to adapt to environmental changes. Accumulating evidence suggests that adult-born neurons may play distinct physiological roles in hippocampus-dependent functions, such as memory encoding and mood regulation. In addition, several brain diseases, such as neurological diseases and mood disorders, have deleterious effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and some symptoms of those diseases can be partially explained by the dysregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here we review a possible link between the physiological functions of adult-born neurons and their roles in pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Fares J, Bou Diab Z, Nabha S, Fares Y. Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus: history, regulation, and prospective roles. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:598-611. [PMID: 30433866 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1545771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus is one of the sites in the mammalian brain that is capable of continuously generating controversy. Adult neurogenesis is a remarkable process, and yet an intensely debatable topic in contemporary neuroscience due to its distinctiveness and conceivable impact on neural activity. The belief that neurogenesis continues through adulthood has provoked remarkable efforts to describe how newborn neurons differentiate and incorporate into the adult brain. It has also encouraged studies that investigate the consequences of inadequate neurogenesis in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and explore the potential role of neural progenitor cells in brain repair. The adult nervous system is not static; it is subjected to morphological and physiological alterations at various levels. This plastic mechanism guarantees that the behavioral regulation of the adult nervous system is adaptable in response to varying environmental stimuli. Three regions of the adult brain, the olfactory bulb, the hypothalamus, and the hippocampal dentate gyrus, contain new-born neurons that exhibit an essential role in the natural functional circuitry of the adult brain. Purpose/Aim: This article explores current advancements in adult hippocampal neurogenesis by presenting its history and evolution and studying its association with neural plasticity. The article also discusses the prospective roles of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and describes the intracellular, extracellular, pathological, and environmental factors involved in its regulation. Abbreviations AHN Adult hippocampal neurogenesis AKT Protein kinase B BMP Bone Morphogenic Protein BrdU Bromodeoxyuridine CNS Central nervous system DG Dentate gyrus DISC1 Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 FGF-2 Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid Mbd1 Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 1 Mecp2 Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin NSCs Neural stem cells OB Olfactory bulb; P21: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 RBPj Recombination Signal Binding protein for Immunoglobulin Kappa J Region RMS Rostral migratory Stream SGZ Subgranular zone Shh Sonic hedgehog SOX2 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 SVZ Subventricular zone Wnt3 Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon.,b Department of Neurological Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Zeina Bou Diab
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Nabha
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Youssef Fares
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon.,c Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
MicroRNA-197 controls ADAM10 expression to mediate MeCP2's role in the differentiation of neuronal progenitors. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1863-1879. [PMID: 30560934 PMCID: PMC6748079 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Duplication of MECP2 (Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2) causes severe mental illness called MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS), yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we show, in Tg(MECP2) transgenic mouse brain or cultured neural progenitor cells (NPCs), that elevated MeCP2 expression promotes NPC differentiation into neurons. Ectopic expression of MeCP2 inhibits ADAM10 and thus the NOTCH pathway during NPC differentiation. In human cells, this downregulation on ADAM10 was mediated by miRNA-197, which is upregulated by MeCP2. Surprisingly, miR-197 binds to the ADAM10 3′-UTR via its 3′ side, not the canonical seed sequence on the 5′ side. In mouse cells, a noncoding RNA Gm28836 is used to replace the function of miR-197 between MeCP2 and ADAM10. Similar to MeCP2, overexpressing miR-197 also promotes NPCs differentiation into neurons. Interestingly, three rare missense mutations (H371R, E394K, and G428S) in MECP2, which we identified in a Han Chinese autism spectrum disorders (ASD) cohort showed loss-of-function effects in NPC differentiation assay. These mutations cannot upregulate miR-197. Overexpressing miR-197 together with these MeCP2 mutations could rescue the downregulation on ADAM10. Not only the inhibitor of miR-197 could reverse the effect of overexpressed MeCP2 on NPCs differentiation, but also overexpression of miR-197 could reverse the NPCs differentiation defects caused by MECP2 mutations. Our results revealed that a regulatory axis involving MeCP2, miR-197, ADAM10, and NOTCH signaling is critical for NPC differentiation, which is affected by both MeCP2 duplication and mutation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Adult Neural Stem Cell Multipotency and Differentiation Are Directed by the Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein MBD1. J Neurosci 2018; 37:4228-4230. [PMID: 28424299 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0411-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
25
|
Wang H, Tian L, Liu J, Goldstein A, Bado I, Zhang W, Arenkiel BR, Li Z, Yang M, Du S, Zhao H, Rowley DR, Wong STC, Gugala Z, Zhang XHF. The Osteogenic Niche Is a Calcium Reservoir of Bone Micrometastases and Confers Unexpected Therapeutic Vulnerability. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:823-839.e7. [PMID: 30423299 PMCID: PMC6239211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fate of disseminated tumor cells is largely determined by microenvironment (ME) niche. The osteogenic niche promotes cancer cell proliferation and bone metastasis progression. We investigated the underlying mechanisms using pre-clinical models and analyses of clinical data. We discovered that the osteogenic niche serves as a calcium (Ca) reservoir for cancer cells through gap junctions. Cancer cells cannot efficiently absorb Ca from ME, but depend on osteogenic cells to increase intracellular Ca concentration. The Ca signaling, together with previously identified mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, promotes bone metastasis progression. Interestingly, effective inhibition of these pathways can be achieved by danusertib, or a combination of everolimus and arsenic trioxide, which provide possibilities of eliminating bone micrometastases using clinically established drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lin Tian
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amit Goldstein
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Igor Bado
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, BCM600, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David R Rowley
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zbigniew Gugala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, BCM600, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li Y, Shen M, Stockton ME, Zhao X. Hippocampal deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 165:106945. [PMID: 30321651 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders result from impaired development or maturation of the central nervous system. Both genetic and environmental factors can contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders; however, the exact causes are frequently complex and unclear. Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders may have deficits with diverse manifestations, including challenges with sensory function, motor function, learning, memory, executive function, emotion, anxiety, and social ability. Although these functions are mediated by multiple brain regions, many of them are dependent on the hippocampus. Extensive research supports important roles of the mammalian hippocampus in learning and cognition. In addition, with its high levels of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and lifelong neurogenesis, the hippocampus is sensitive to experience and exposure and susceptible to disease and injury. In this review, we first summarize hippocampal deficits seen in several human neurodevelopmental disorders, and then discuss hippocampal impairment including hippocampus-dependent behavioral deficits found in animal models of these neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Minjie Shen
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michael E Stockton
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou Y, Dong F, Mao Y. Control of CNS functions by RNA-binding proteins in neurological diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:301-313. [PMID: 30410853 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-018-0140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review summarizes recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that control neurological functions and pathogenesis in various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and spinocerebellar ataxia. Recent Findings RBPs are critical players in gene expression that regulate every step of posttranscriptional modifications. Recent genome-wide approaches revealed that many proteins associate with RNA, but do not contain any known RNA binding motifs. Additionally, many causal and risk genes of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases are RBPs. Development of high-throughput sequencing methods has mapped out the fingerprints of RBPs on transcripts and provides unprecedented potential to discover new mechanisms of neurological diseases. Insights into how RBPs modulate neural development are important for designing effective therapies for numerous neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Summary RBPs have diverse mechanisms for modulating RNA processing and, thereby, controlling neurogenesis. Understanding the role of disease-associated RBPs in neurogenesis is vital for developing novel treatments for neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhou
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Fengping Dong
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yingwei Mao
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhong X, Li H, Kim J, Chang Q. Regulation of neural differentiation, synaptic scaling and animal behavior by MeCP2 phophorylation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 165:106859. [PMID: 29698767 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly expressed in the mammalian brain and widely distributed across the genome, MeCP2 is a key player in recognizing modified DNA and interpreting the epigenetic information encoded in different DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation patterns. Alterations in sequence or copy number of the X-linked human MECP2 gene cause either Rett syndrome (RTT) or MECP2 duplication syndrome. Alterations in MECP2 levels have also been identified in patients with autism. To fully understand the significant role of MECP2 in regulating the development and function of the nervous system, it is important to study all aspects of MeCP2 function. Stimulus-induced MeCP2 phosphorylation has been shown to influence the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells, synaptic scaling, excitatory synaptogenesis, and animal behavior. However, all of the previous functional evidence is from studying phospho-dead mutations. In addition, the relationship between phosphorylation events at multiple sites on the MeCP2 protein is not well understood. Here, we report the generation of a phospho-mimic knockin Mecp2 mouse line. At the synaptic and behavioral levels, the phospho-mimic Mecp2 mice show phenotypes opposite to those observed in phospho-dead mutation at the same phosphorylation site. Moreover, we report opposite phenotypes between phospho-mutants of two sites on the MeCP2 protein. Our new data further confirm the functional significance of specific MeCP2 phosphorylation event and support the opposing regulatory role between different MeCP2 phosphorylation events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Zhong
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Hongda Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Jason Kim
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Qiang Chang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liver X receptor β regulates the development of the dentate gyrus and autistic-like behavior in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2725-E2733. [PMID: 29507213 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800184115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is a laminated brain region in which neurogenesis begins during early embryonic development and continues until adulthood. Recent studies have implicated that defects in the neurogenesis of the DG seem to be involved in the genesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD)-like behaviors. Liver X receptor β (LXRβ) has recently emerged as an important transcription factor involved in the development of laminated CNS structures, but little is known about its role in the development of the DG. Here, we show that deletion of the LXRβ in mice causes hypoplasia in the DG, including abnormalities in the formation of progenitor cells and granule cell differentiation. We also found that expression of Notch1, a central mediator of progenitor cell self-renewal, is reduced in LXRβ-null mice. In addition, LXRβ deletion in mice results in autistic-like behaviors, including abnormal social interaction and repetitive behavior. These data reveal a central role for LXRβ in orchestrating the timely differentiation of neural progenitor cells within the DG, thereby providing a likely explanation for its association with the genesis of autism-related behaviors in LXRβ-deficient mice.
Collapse
|
30
|
Cobolli Gigli C, Scaramuzza L, De Simone M, Rossi RL, Pozzi D, Pagani M, Landsberger N, Bedogni F. Lack of Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2) Affects Cell Fate Refinement During Embryonic Cortical Development. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:1846-1856. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Cobolli Gigli
- San Raffaele Rett Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Scaramuzza
- San Raffaele Rett Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco De Simone
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo L Rossi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pozzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas, 20089 Rozzano (MI) and Hunimed University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Landsberger
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Rett Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bedogni
- San Raffaele Rett Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Review: adult neurogenesis contributes to hippocampal plasticity. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 373:693-709. [PMID: 29185071 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is the process by which new functional neurons are added to the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Animal studies have shown that the degree of adult hippocampal neurogenesis is regulated by local environmental cues as well as neural network activities. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has suggested that adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays prominent roles in hippocampus-dependent brain functions. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis at various developmental stages and propose how adult-born neurons contribute to structural and functional hippocampal plasticity.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The role of DNA methylation in brain development is an intense area of research because the brain has particularly high levels of CpG and mutations in many of the proteins involved in the establishment, maintenance, interpretation, and removal of DNA methylation impact brain development and/or function. These include DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET), and Methyl-CpG binding proteins (MBPs). Recent advances in sequencing breadth and depth as well the detection of different forms of methylation have greatly expanded our understanding of the diversity of DNA methylation in the brain. The contributions of DNA methylation and associated proteins to embryonic and adult neurogenesis will be examined. Particular attention will be given to the impact on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), which is a key mechanism contributing to brain plasticity, learning, memory and mood regulation. DNA methylation influences multiple aspects of neurogenesis from stem cell maintenance and proliferation, fate specification, neuronal differentiation and maturation, and synaptogenesis. In addition, DNA methylation during neurogenesis has been shown to be responsive to many extrinsic signals, both under normal conditions and during disease and injury. Finally, crosstalk between DNA methylation, Methyl-DNA binding domain (MBD) proteins such as MeCP2 and MBD1 and histone modifying complexes is used as an example to illustrate the extensive interconnection between these epigenetic regulatory systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Jobe
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gruden' MA, Storozheva ZI, Ratmirov AM, Sherstnev VV. Pattern of Notch2, Numb, and Cas8 Gene Expression in Relevant Structures of the Rat Brain during Formation of Spatial Memory. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:785-788. [PMID: 29063319 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The expression of Notch2, Numb, and Cas8 genes, whose protein products are involved in regulation of neurogenesis/neuroapoptosis processes, was studied in the relevant cerebral structures of male Wistar rats trained in a spatial habit. The formation of long-term spatial memory was found to be associated with the formation of a specific pattern of transcription activity of the studied genes in different brain structures. The maximum expression of Notch2 gene was found in the hippocampus and cerebellum, the maximum expression of Numb was detected in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum, and the maximum expression of Cas8 was revealed in the prefrontal cortex of trained animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Gruden'
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Physiology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Z I Storozheva
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Ratmirov
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Sherstnev
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Deciphering MECP2-associated disorders: disrupted circuits and the hope for repair. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 48:30-36. [PMID: 28961504 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MECP2 is a critical gene for neural development, mutations or duplication of which led to severe neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Rett syndrome (RTT) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Extensive works during the past decade yield ample insights into the molecular and cellular functions of MeCP2 in neural development. Furthermore, genetic manipulations in Mecp2 mouse models strongly suggested that deficiency in synaptic plasticity and various behaviors of Mecp2 null or transgenic mice could be rescued in adulthood. Further studies elucidating neural circuits responsible for symptoms in MECP2-associated disorders in rodent and non-human primate models will shed light on the development of potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kajita Y, Kojima N, Koganezawa N, Yamazaki H, Sakimura K, Shirao T. Drebrin E regulates neuroblast proliferation and chain migration in the adult brain. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2214-2228. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kajita
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi 371-8511 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kojima
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi 371-8511 Japan
| | - Noriko Koganezawa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi 371-8511 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi 371-8511 Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology; Brain Research Institute; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi 371-8511 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein MBD1 Regulates Neuronal Lineage Commitment through Maintaining Adult Neural Stem Cell Identity. J Neurosci 2017; 37:523-536. [PMID: 28100736 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1075-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl-CpG-binding domain 1 (MBD1) belongs to a family of methyl-CpG-binding proteins that are epigenetic "readers" linking DNA methylation to transcriptional regulation. MBD1 is expressed in neural stem cells residing in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus (aNSCs) and MBD1 deficiency leads to reduced neuronal differentiation, impaired neurogenesis, learning deficits, and autism-like behaviors in mice; however, the precise function of MBD1 in aNSCs remains unexplored. Here, we show that MBD1 is important for maintaining the integrity and stemness of NSCs, which is critical for their ability to generate neurons. MBD1 deficiency leads to the accumulation of undifferentiated NSCs and impaired transition into the neuronal lineage. Transcriptome analysis of neural stem and progenitor cells isolated directly from the dentate gyrus of MBD1 mutant (KO) and WT mice showed that gene sets related to cell differentiation, particularly astrocyte lineage genes, were upregulated in KO cells. We further demonstrated that, in NSCs, MBD1 binds and represses directly specific genes associated with differentiation. Our results suggest that MBD1 maintains the multipotency of NSCs by restraining the onset of differentiation genes and that untimely expression of these genes in MBD1-deficient stem cells may interfere with normal cell lineage commitment and cause the accumulation of undifferentiated cells. Our data reveal a novel role for MBD1 in stem cell maintenance and provide insight into how epigenetic regulation contributes to adult neurogenesis and the potential impact of its dysregulation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) in the hippocampus self-renew and generate neurons throughout life. We show that methyl-CpG-binding domain 1 (MBD1), a DNA methylation "reader," is important for maintaining the integrity of NSCs, which is critical for their neurogenic potency. Our data reveal a novel role for MBD1 in stem cell maintenance and provide insight into how epigenetic regulation preserves the multipotency of stem cells for subsequent differentiation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kabir ZD, Martínez-Rivera A, Rajadhyaksha AM. From Gene to Behavior: L-Type Calcium Channel Mechanisms Underlying Neuropsychiatric Symptoms. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:588-613. [PMID: 28497380 PMCID: PMC5509628 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, encoded by the CACNA1C and CACNA1D genes, respectively, are important regulators of calcium influx into cells and are critical for normal brain development and plasticity. In humans, CACNA1C has emerged as one of the most widely reproduced and prominent candidate risk genes for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Separately, CACNA1D has been found to be associated with BD and autism spectrum disorder, as well as cocaine dependence, a comorbid feature associated with psychiatric disorders. Despite growing evidence of a significant link between CACNA1C and CACNA1D and psychiatric disorders, our understanding of the biological mechanisms by which these LTCCs mediate neuropsychiatric-associated endophenotypes, many of which are shared across the different disorders, remains rudimentary. Clinical studies with LTCC blockers testing their efficacy to alleviate symptoms associated with BD, SCZ, and drug dependence have provided mixed results, underscoring the importance of further exploring the neurobiological consequences of dysregulated Cav1.2 and Cav1.3. Here, we provide a review of clinical studies that have evaluated LTCC blockers for BD, SCZ, and drug dependence-associated symptoms, as well as rodent studies that have identified Cav1.2- and Cav1.3-specific molecular and cellular cascades that underlie mood (anxiety, depression), social behavior, cognition, and addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeeba D Kabir
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arlene Martínez-Rivera
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anjali M Rajadhyaksha
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The significance of the increased expression of phosphorylated MeCP2 in the membranes from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32850. [PMID: 27616658 PMCID: PMC5018725 DOI: 10.1038/srep32850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation of expression of phosphorylated methyl-CpG binding protein 2-Ser421 (MeCP2-S421) and VEGF in the membranes of patients with PDR. We examined the expression of phospho-MeCP2-S80, S421, VEGF and PEDF in surgically excised PDR membranes from 33 patients with diabetes, and idiopathic epiretinal membranes from 11 patients without diabetes, using immunohistochemistry and western blot. The colocalization of MeCP2-S421 with VEGF, PEDF, CD31, GFAP and αSMA was revealed by fluorescent double labeling. The effect of CoCl2 and knock down MeCP2 using specific siRNA on the expression of MeCP2 and VEGF were analyzed in HUCAC cells by Western blot. We found that phospho-MeCP2-S421 was significantly increased in the membranes from the patients with PDR compared with the specimens from patients without diabetes (P < 0.01). The expression of phospho-MeCP2-S421 was much stronger than that of phospho-MeCP2-S80 in the PDR membranes. Double labeling showed that the high phospho-MeCP2-S421 expression was associated with strong expression of VEGF, but not PEDF. Further, phospho-MeCP2-S421 and VEGF were increased by the stimulation of CoCl2 and knock down MeCP2 inhibited the expression of VEGF. Our result suggests that phospho-MeCP2-S421 might involve in the pathogenesis of PDR.
Collapse
|
39
|
Yao B, Christian KM, He C, Jin P, Ming GL, Song H. Epigenetic mechanisms in neurogenesis. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 17:537-49. [PMID: 27334043 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the embryonic and adult brain, neural stem cells proliferate and give rise to neurons and glia through highly regulated processes. Epigenetic mechanisms - including DNA and histone modifications, as well as regulation by non-coding RNAs - have pivotal roles in different stages of neurogenesis. Aberrant epigenetic regulation also contributes to the pathogenesis of various brain disorders. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of epigenetic regulation in neurogenesis and its dysregulation in brain disorders, including discussion of newly identified DNA cytosine modifications. We also briefly cover the emerging field of epitranscriptomics, which involves modifications of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yao
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Kimberly M Christian
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sun T, Li W, Ling S. miR-30c and semaphorin 3A determine adult neurogenesis by regulating proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in the subventricular zones of mouse. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:270-80. [PMID: 27198082 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mechanisms that regulate proliferation of adult neural stem cells are largely unknown. Here, we have investigated the role of microR-30c (miR-30c) and its target, semaphoring 3A (sema3A), in regulating adult neurogenesis and mechanisms underlying this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS In situ hybridization, immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR were used to assess complementary expression patterns of miR-30c and sema3A in mice. Effects of miR-30c in the subventricular zone (SVZ) were examined by stereotaxic injection of up- and down-regulating lentiviruses. 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labelling was performed to investigate effects of miR-30c and sema3A on adult neurogenesis. Real-time cell assays, morphological analysis and cell cycle measurements were used to reveal the mechanisms by which miR-30c and sema3A regulate adult neurogenesis. RESULTS Expression of miR-30c negatively correlated with that of sema3A in neurons, and levels of miR-30c and sema3A correlated positively with numbers of newborn cells in the SVZ and rostral migration stream. miR-30c and sema3A affected adult neurogenesis by regulating proliferation and differentiation, as well as cycles of stem cells in the SVZ. CONCLUSIONS miR-30c and sema3A regulate adult neurogenesis by controlling proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in the SVZ. This finding reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of adult neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience and Anatomy, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiyun Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Anatomy, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shucai Ling
- Institute of Neuroscience and Anatomy, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ernst C. Proliferation and Differentiation Deficits are a Major Convergence Point for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:290-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
42
|
He YH, Li Z, Ni MM, Zhang XY, Li MF, Meng XM, Huang C, Li J. Cryptolepine derivative-6h inhibits liver fibrosis in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells by targeting the Shh pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:987-95. [PMID: 27295431 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a worldwide problem with a significant morbidity and mortality. Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (family Periplocaceae) is widely used in West African countries for the treatment of malaria, as well as for some other diseases. However, the role of C. sanguinolenta in hepatic fibrosis is still unknown. It has been reported that Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) had a high expression in liver fibrosis and played a central role in its pathobiology. Interestingly, we found that a cryptolepine derivative (HZ-6h) could inhibit liver fibrosis by reducing MeCP2 expression, as evidenced by the dramatic downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen alpha-1 (Col1α1) in protein levels in vitro. Meanwhile, we also found that HZ-6h could reduce the cell viability and promote apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) treated with transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1). Then, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms and found that HZ-6h blocked Shh signaling in HSC-T6 cells, resulting in the decreased protein expression of Patched-1 (PTCH-1), Sonic hedgehog (Shh), and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1). In short, these results indicate that HZ-6h inhibits liver fibrosis by downregulating MeCP2 through the Shh pathway in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua He
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zeng Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ni
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xing-Yan Zhang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Fang Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Developmental Dynamics of Rett Syndrome. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:6154080. [PMID: 26942018 PMCID: PMC4752981 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6154080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett Syndrome was long considered to be simply a disorder of postnatal development, with phenotypes that manifest only late in development and into adulthood. A variety of recent evidence demonstrates that the phenotypes of Rett Syndrome are present at the earliest stages of brain development, including developmental stages that define neurogenesis, migration, and patterning in addition to stages of synaptic and circuit development and plasticity. These phenotypes arise from the pleotropic effects of MeCP2, which is expressed very early in neuronal progenitors and continues to be expressed into adulthood. The effects of MeCP2 are mediated by diverse signaling, transcriptional, and epigenetic mechanisms. Attempts to reverse the effects of Rett Syndrome need to take into account the developmental dynamics and temporal impact of MeCP2 loss.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wu X, Zhao B, Cheng Y, Yang Y, Huang C, Meng X, Wu B, Zhang L, Lv X, Li J. Melittin induces PTCH1 expression by down-regulating MeCP2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 288:74-83. [PMID: 26189965 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high mortality rate worldwide and still remains to be a noticeable public health problem. Therefore, new remedies are urgently needed. Melittin, a major component of bee venom, is known to suppress cell growth in various cancers including HCC. However, the mechanism of the anticancer effect of melittin on HCC has not been fully elucidated. It has been reported that Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) plays a key role in tumor proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. In the present study, we found the high expression of MeCP2 in human HCC tissues and in the SMMC-7721 cell line. MeCP2 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, while over-expression of MeCP2 promoted cell growth in SMMC-7721 cells. It indicates that MeCP2 may be an attractive target for human HCC. We further found that melittin could inhibit cell proliferation by reducing MeCP2 expression in vitro. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of melittin on cell proliferation was due to a delay in G0/G1 cell cycle progression, without influencing cell apoptosis. Next, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms and found that MeCP2 could modulate Shh signaling in SMMC-7721 cells. Further study indicates that melittin may induce the demethylation of PTCH1 promoter, resulting in the increased expression of PTCH1. Furthermore, the expression of Shh and GLI1 was significantly lowered upon treatment of melittin. These results suggest that melittin can block Shh signaling in vitro. In short, these results indicate that melittin inhibits cell proliferation by down-regulating MeCP2 through Shh signaling in SMMC-7721 cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- DNA Methylation
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Melitten/pharmacology
- Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/genetics
- Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/metabolism
- Patched Receptors
- Patched-1 Receptor
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transfection
- Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yahui Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Baoming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gao H, Bu Y, Wu Q, Wang X, Chang N, Lei L, Chen S, Liu D, Zhu X, Hu K, Xiong JW. Mecp2 regulates neural cell differentiation by suppressing the Id1 to Her2 axis in zebrafish. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2340-50. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.167874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a progressive neurological disorder caused by mutations in the X-linked protein methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). The endogenous function of MeCP2 during neural differentiation is still unclear. Here, we report that mecp2 is required for brain development in zebrafish. Mecp2 was broadly expressed initially in embryos and enriched later in the brain. Either morpholino knockdown or genetic depletion of mecp2 inhibited neuronal differentiation, whereas its overexpression promoted neuronal differentiation, suggesting an essential role of mecp2 in directing neural precursors into differentiated neurons. Mechanistically, her2 (the zebrafish ortholog of mammalian Hes5) was upregulated in mecp2 morphants in an Id1-dependent manner. Moreover, knockdown of either her2 or id1 fully rescued neuronal differentiation in mecp2 morphants. These results suggest that Mecp2 plays an important role in neural cell development by suppressing the Id1–Her2 axis, and provide new evidence that embryonic neural defects contribute to the later motor and cognitive dysfunctions in RTT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Gao
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Bu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Keping Hu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gigek CO, Chen ES, Ota VK, Maussion G, Peng H, Vaillancourt K, Diallo AB, Lopez JP, Crapper L, Vasuta C, Chen GG, Ernst C. A molecular model for neurodevelopmental disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e565. [PMID: 25966365 PMCID: PMC4471287 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) important in cognition and behavior may have convergent function and several cellular pathways have been implicated, including protein translational control, chromatin modification, and synapse assembly and maintenance. Here, we test the convergent effects of methyl-CpG binding domain 5 (MBD5) and special AT-rich binding protein 2 (SATB2) reduced dosage in human neural stem cells (NSCs), two genes implicated in 2q23.1 and 2q33.1 deletion syndromes, respectively, to develop a generalized model for NDDs. We used short hairpin RNA stably incorporated into healthy neural stem cells to supress MBD5 and SATB2 expression, and massively parallel RNA sequencing, DNA methylation sequencing and microRNA arrays to test the hypothesis that a primary etiology of NDDs is the disruption of the balance of NSC proliferation and differentiation. We show that reduced dosage of either gene leads to significant overlap of gene-expression patterns, microRNA patterns and DNA methylation states with control NSCs in a differentiating state, suggesting that a unifying feature of 2q23.1 and 2q33.1 deletion syndrome may be a lack of regulation between proliferation and differentiation in NSCs, as we observed previously for TCF4 and EHMT1 suppression following a similar experimental paradigm. We propose a model of NDDs whereby the balance of NSC proliferation and differentiation is affected, but where the molecules that drive this effect are largely specific to disease-causing genetic variation. NDDs are diverse, complex and unique, but the optimal balance of factors that determine when and where neural stem cells differentiate may be a major feature underlying the diverse phenotypic spectrum of NDDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C O Gigek
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - E S Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - V K Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Maussion
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - K Vaillancourt
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A B Diallo
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J P Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - L Crapper
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Vasuta
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G G Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Ernst
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Douglas Hospital Research Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Frank Common Building Room 2101.2 Verdun, QC, Canada H4H 1R3. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bergo A, Strollo M, Gai M, Barbiero I, Stefanelli G, Sertic S, Cobolli Gigli C, Di Cunto F, Kilstrup-Nielsen C, Landsberger N. Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) localizes at the centrosome and is required for proper mitotic spindle organization. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3223-37. [PMID: 25527496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.608125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in MECP2 cause a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders of which Rett syndrome represents the best defined condition. Both neuronal and non-neuronal functions of the methyl-binding protein underlie the related pathologies. Nowadays MeCP2 is recognized as a multifunctional protein that modulates its activity depending on its protein partners and posttranslational modifications. However, we are still missing a comprehensive understanding of all MeCP2 functions and their involvement in the related pathologies. The study of human mutations often offers the possibility of clarifying the functions of a protein. Therefore, we decided to characterize a novel MeCP2 phospho-isoform (Tyr-120) whose relevance was suggested by a Rett syndrome patient carrying a Y120D substitution possibly mimicking a constitutively phosphorylated state. Unexpectedly, we found MeCP2 and its Tyr-120 phospho-isoform enriched at the centrosome both in dividing and postmitotic cells. The molecular and functional connection of MeCP2 to the centrosome was further reinforced through cellular and biochemical approaches. We show that, similar to many centrosomal proteins, MeCP2 deficiency causes aberrant spindle geometry, prolonged mitosis, and defects in microtubule nucleation. Collectively, our data indicate a novel function of MeCP2 that might reconcile previous data regarding the role of MeCP2 in cell growth and cytoskeleton stability and that might be relevant to understand some aspects of MeCP2-related conditions. Furthermore, they link the Tyr-120 residue and its phosphorylation to cell division, prompting future studies on the relevance of Tyr-120 for cortical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bergo
- From the Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Section of Biomedical Research, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Marta Strollo
- From the Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Section of Biomedical Research, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Marta Gai
- the Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Isabella Barbiero
- From the Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Section of Biomedical Research, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Gilda Stefanelli
- From the Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Section of Biomedical Research, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Sarah Sertic
- the Department of Life Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Clementina Cobolli Gigli
- the San Raffaele Rett Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- the Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Charlotte Kilstrup-Nielsen
- From the Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Section of Biomedical Research, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Landsberger
- From the Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Section of Biomedical Research, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy, the San Raffaele Rett Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|