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Ye C, Wu C, Li Y, Chen C, Li X, Zhang J, Xu Z, Chen H, Guo Y. Traditional medicine Xianglian pill suppresses high-fat diet-related colorectal cancer via inactivating TLR4/MyD88 by remodeling gut microbiota composition and bile acid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118411. [PMID: 38824980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Previous studies have revealed that a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) in close association with disturbances in the intestinal flora and metabolic disorders. Xianglian pill (XLP) is a well-established traditional prescription with unique advantages in controlling intestinal flora imbalance and inflammation. However, its therapeutic effects on HFD-related CRC remain largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The primary objective of this research was to investigate the anticancer mechanism of XLP in countering HFD-related CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protective effect of XLP was evaluated using azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CRC model of mice exposed to a HFD. The degree of colorectal carcinogenesis, including body weight, colon length, and histopathology, was measured in mice treated with XLP and untreated mice. The effect of XLP on gut microbiota and its metabolites was detected using 16S rDNA and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, a "pseudo-sterile" mouse model was constructed using antibiotics (Abx) to verify whether the gut microbiota and metabolites play a role in the pathogenesis of CRC. RESULTS XLP inhibited colorectal tumorigenesis in a dose-dependent fashion. Our findings also highlighted that XLP protected the integrity of the intestinal barrier by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as the infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Mechanistically, XLP inhibited the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Notably, the XLP treatment increased the proportion of probiotics (particularly Akkermansia) and significantly reduced fecal deoxycholic acid (DCA), a microbiota-derived metabolite of bile acids (BA) closely related to Muribaculaceae. Furthermore, after Abx treatment, XLP showed no clear antitumor effects on CRC. Simultaneously, DCA-supplemented feedings promoted colorectal tumorigenesis and provoked obvious colonic inflammation, M1 macrophage infiltration, and colonic injury. In vitro, the results of RAW-264.7 macrophages and normal intestinal epithelial cells treated with DCA corroborated our in vivo findings, demonstrating consistent patterns in inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier protein expression. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that XLP inhibits colorectal cancer associated with HFD via inactivating TLR4/MyD88 by remodeling gut microbiota composition and BA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Ye
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changhong Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China; Department of Integrative Medicine & Medical Oncology, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch), Shengzhou, 312400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhili Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Ramsteijn AS, Louis P. Dietary fibre optimisation in support of global health. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14542. [PMID: 39096198 PMCID: PMC11297433 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota influences its host via multiple molecular pathways, including immune system interactions, the provision of nutrients and regulation of host physiology. Dietary fibre plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy microbiota as its primary nutrient and energy source. Industrialisation has led to a massive decrease of habitual fibre intake in recent times, and fibre intakes across the world are below the national recommendations. This goes hand in hand with other factors in industrialised societies that may negatively affect the gut microbiota, such as medication and increased hygiene. Non-communicable diseases are on the rise in urbanised societies and the optimisation of dietary fibre intake can help to improve global health and prevent disease. Early life interventions shape the developing microbiota to counteract malnutrition, both in the context of industrialised nations with an overabundance of cheap, highly processed foods, as well as in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Adequate fibre intake should, however, be maintained across the life course to promote health. Here we will discuss the current state of dietary fibre research in the global context and consider different intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Louis
- Rowett Institute, University of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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Ma Y, Nenkov M, Chen Y, Gaßler N. The Role of Adipocytes Recruited as Part of Tumor Microenvironment in Promoting Colorectal Cancer Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8352. [PMID: 39125923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction, which is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), is a significant factor in the pathophysiology of obesity. Obesity-related inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling promote colorectal cancer metastasis (CRCM) by shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). When CRC occurs, the metabolic symbiosis of tumor cells recruits adjacent adipocytes into the TME to supply energy. Meanwhile, abundant immune cells, from adipose tissue and blood, are recruited into the TME, which is stimulated by pro-inflammatory factors and triggers a chronic local pro-inflammatory TME. Dysregulated ECM proteins and cell surface adhesion molecules enhance ECM remodeling and further increase contractibility between tumor and stromal cells, which promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT increases tumor migration and invasion into surrounding tissues or vessels and accelerates CRCM. Colorectal symbiotic microbiota also plays an important role in the promotion of CRCM. In this review, we provide adipose tissue and its contributions to CRC, with a special emphasis on the role of adipocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, ECM, and symbiotic gut microbiota in the progression of CRC and their contributions to the CRC microenvironment. We highlight the interactions between adipocytes and tumor cells, and potential therapeutic approaches to target these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Ma
- Section Pathology of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Miljana Nenkov
- Section Pathology of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Yuan Chen
- Section Pathology of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Section Pathology of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. Interactions between Dietary Antioxidants, Dietary Fiber and the Gut Microbiome: Their Putative Role in Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8250. [PMID: 39125822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome and the progression of chronic non-communicable diseases underscores the significance of developing strategies to modulate the GI microbiota for promoting human health. The administration of probiotics and prebiotics represents a good strategy that enhances the population of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal lumen post-consumption, which has a positive impact on human health. In addition, dietary fibers serve as a significant energy source for bacteria inhabiting the cecum and colon. Research articles and reviews sourced from various global databases were systematically analyzed using specific phrases and keywords to investigate these relationships. There is a clear association between dietary fiber intake and improved colon function, gut motility, and reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Moreover, the state of health is reflected in the reciprocal and bidirectional relationships among food, dietary antioxidants, inflammation, and body composition. They are known for their antioxidant properties and their ability to inhibit angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell proliferation. Additionally, they promote cell survival, modulate immune and inflammatory responses, and inactivate pro-carcinogens. These actions collectively contribute to their role in cancer prevention. In different investigations, antioxidant supplements containing vitamins have been shown to lower the risk of specific cancer types. In contrast, some evidence suggests that taking antioxidant supplements can increase the risk of developing cancer. Ultimately, collaborative efforts among immunologists, clinicians, nutritionists, and dietitians are imperative for designing well-structured nutritional trials to corroborate the clinical efficacy of dietary therapy in managing inflammation and preventing carcinogenesis. This review seeks to explore the interrelationships among dietary antioxidants, dietary fiber, and the gut microbiome, with a particular focus on their potential implications in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Hussan H, Ali MR, Lyo V, Webb A, Pietrzak M, Zhu J, Choueiry F, Li H, Cummings BP, Marco ML, Medici V, Clinton SK. Bariatric Surgery Is Associated with Lower Concentrations of Fecal Secondary Bile Acids and Their Metabolizing Microbial Enzymes: A Pilot Study. Obes Surg 2024:10.1007/s11695-024-07420-0. [PMID: 39042309 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excess body fat elevates colorectal cancer risk. While bariatric surgery (BRS) induces significant weight loss, its effects on the fecal stream and colon biology are poorly understood. Specifically, limited data exist on the impact of bariatric surgery (BRS) on fecal secondary bile acids (BA), including lithocholic acid (LCA), a putative promotor of colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS This cross-sectional case-control study included 44 patients with obesity; 15 pre-BRS (controls) vs. 29 at a median of 24.1 months post-BRS. We examined the fecal concentrations of 11 BA by liquid chromatography and gene abundance of BA-metabolizing bacterial enzymes through fecal metagenomic sequencing. Differences were quantified using non-parametric tests for BA levels and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) for genes encoding BA-metabolizing enzymes. RESULTS Total fecal secondary BA concentrations trended towards lower levels post- vs. pre-BRS controls (p = 0.07). Individually, fecal LCA concentrations were significantly lower post- vs. pre-BRS (8477.0 vs. 11,914.0 uM/mg, p < 0.008). Consistent with this finding, fecal bacterial genes encoding BA-metabolizing enzymes, specifically 3-betahydroxycholanate-3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.391) and 3-alpha-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.52), were also lower post- vs. pre-BRS controls (LDA of - 3.32 and - 2.64, respectively, adjusted p < 0.0001). Post-BRS fecal BA concentrations showed significant inverse correlations with weight loss, a healthy diet quality, and increased physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of LCA, a secondary BA, and bacterial genes needed for BA metabolism are lower post-BRS. These changes can impact health and modulate the colorectal cancer cascade. Further research is warranted to examine how surgical alterations and the associated dietary changes impact bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Hussan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA.
- The UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Mohamed R Ali
- Division of Foregut, Metabolic, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Victoria Lyo
- Division of Foregut, Metabolic, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- The Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Fouad Choueiry
- The Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hong Li
- The UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bethany P Cummings
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Verhaert MAM, Aspeslagh S. Immunotherapy efficacy and toxicity: Reviewing the evidence behind patient implementable strategies. Eur J Cancer 2024; 209:114235. [PMID: 39059186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer treatment is expanding, offering promising outcomes but with an important risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These events, stemming from an overstimulated immune system attacking healthy cells, can necessitate immunosuppressant treatment, disrupt treatment courses, and impact patients' quality of life. The analysis of ICI efficacy data has led to a better understanding of the characteristics of responders. Similarly, we are gaining clearer insights into the characteristics of patients who develop irAEs, prompting an increasing emphasis on modifiable factors associated with irAE risk. These factors include lifestyle choices and the composition of the gut microbiome. Despite comprehensive reviews exploring the microbiome's role in therapy efficacy, understanding its connection with immune-related toxicity remains incomplete. While endeavours to identify predictive biomarkers continue, lifestyle modifications emerge as a promising avenue for enhancing treatment outcomes. This review consolidates the current evidence regarding the impact of the gut microbiome on irAE occurrence. Furthermore, it focuses on actionable strategies for mitigating these adverse events, elucidating the evidence supporting dietary adjustments, supplementation, medication management, and physical activity. With the expanding range of indications for ICI therapy, a significant proportion of oncology patients, including those in early disease stages, are now exposed to these treatments. Acknowledging the importance of averting irAEs in this context, our review offers timely insights crucial for addressing the evolving challenges associated with immunotherapy across diverse oncological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe August Marianne Verhaert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sandrine Aspeslagh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Ross FC, Patangia D, Grimaud G, Lavelle A, Dempsey EM, Ross RP, Stanton C. The interplay between diet and the gut microbiome: implications for health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01068-4. [PMID: 39009882 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Diet has a pivotal role in shaping the composition, function and diversity of the gut microbiome, with various diets having a profound impact on the stability, functionality and diversity of the microbial community within our gut. Understanding the profound impact of varied diets on the microbiome is crucial, as it will enable us not only to make well-informed dietary decisions for better metabolic and intestinal health, but also to prevent and slow the onset of specific diet-related diseases that stem from suboptimal diets. In this Review, we explore how geographical location affects the gut microbiome and how different diets shape its composition and function. We examine the mechanisms by which whole dietary regimes, such as the Mediterranean diet, high-fibre diet, plant-based diet, high-protein diet, ketogenic diet and Western diet, influence the gut microbiome. Furthermore, we underscore the need for exhaustive studies to better understand the causal relationship between diet, host and microorganisms for the development of precision nutrition and microbiome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Ross
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dhrati Patangia
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ghjuvan Grimaud
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene M Dempsey
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Nakatsu G, Andreeva N, MacDonald MH, Garrett WS. Interactions between diet and gut microbiota in cancer. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1644-1654. [PMID: 38907007 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Dietary patterns and specific dietary components, in concert with the gut microbiota, can jointly shape susceptibility, resistance and therapeutic response to cancer. Which diet-microbial interactions contribute to or mitigate carcinogenesis and how they work are important questions in this growing field. Here we interpret studies of diet-microbial interactions to assess dietary determinants of intestinal colonization by opportunistic and oncogenic bacteria. We explore how diet-induced expansion of specific gut bacteria might drive colonic epithelial tumorigenesis or create immuno-permissive tumour milieus and introduce recent findings that provide insight into these processes. Additionally, we describe available preclinical models that are widely used to study diet, microbiome and cancer interactions. Given the rising clinical interest in dietary modulations in cancer treatment, we highlight promising clinical trials that describe the effects of different dietary alterations on the microbiome and cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geicho Nakatsu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalia Andreeva
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan H MacDonald
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wismayer R, Kiwanuka J, Wabinga H, Odida M. Dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer in Uganda: a case-control study. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:88. [PMID: 38898481 PMCID: PMC11186163 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low-income countries in East Africa have a lower incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) than high-income countries; however, the incidence has steadily increased in the last few decades. In Uganda, the extent to which genetic and environmental factors, particularly dietary factors, contribute to the aetiology of CRC is unclear. Therefore, the objective of our study was to determine the relationship between dietary factors and CRC in Uganda. METHODS We conducted a case-control study and recruited 128 cases and 256 controls, matched for age (± 5 years) and sex. Data regarding the frequency of consumption of the dietary factors were obtained from all the participants using an interview-based questionnaire. The potential dietary risk factors and protective factors evaluated included the type and frequency of meat consumed and the type and frequency of high-fibre foods consumed. The frequency was either 4 or more times/week, 2-3 times/week, once/week or never. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to determine the odds ratios associated with the different risk and protective factors. RESULTS The median age (IQR) for the case participants was 55.5 (43-67.5) years, and that of the control participants was 54 (42-65) years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1 for all the participants. Factors significantly associated with CRC cases included:- the consumption of boiled beef 2-3 times/week (aOR:3.24; 95% CI: 1.08-9.69; p < 0.035). Consumption of high-fibre foods, including:- millet for ≥ 4 times/week (aOR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09-0.62; p = 0.003)), spinach for ≥ 4 times/week (aOR:0.32; 95% CI: 0.11-0.97; p = 0.043), and potatoes 2-3 times/week (aOR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.09-0.97; p = 0.044), were protective against CRC. Boiled cassava showed a tendency to reduce the likelihood of CRC when consumed ≥ 4 times/week (aOR:0.38; 95% CI: 0.12-1.18) however this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.093). CONCLUSIONS The consumption of boiled beef increases the risk of CRC, while the intake of high-fibre foods may reduce the risk of CRC among Ugandans. We recommend nutritional educational programmes to increase public awareness regarding the protective role of a high-fibre diet and to limit the intake of cooked meat in our Ugandan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wismayer
- Department of Surgery, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Equator University for Science and Technology, Masaka, Uganda.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, IUIU University, Kampala, Uganda.
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Julius Kiwanuka
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henry Wabinga
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael Odida
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
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Minj J, Riordan J, Teets C, Fernholz-Hartman H, Tanggono A, Lee Y, Chauvin T, Carbonero F, Solverson P. Diet-Induced Rodent Obesity Is Prevented and the Fecal Microbiome Is Improved with Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis) Juice Powder. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12555-12565. [PMID: 38776153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanin-rich edible berries protect against diet-induced obesity in animal models. Prevention is mediated through the bidirectional relationship with the fecal microbiome, and gut-derived phenolic metabolite absorption increases with physical activity, which may influence bioactivity. The objective of this study was to test elderberry juice powder on the development of diet-induced obesity and its influence on the fecal microbiome alone or in combination with physical activity. Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to one of four treatments, including (1) high-fat diet without wheel access; (2) high-fat diet with unlimited wheel access; (3) high-fat diet supplemented with 10% elderberry juice powder without wheel access; and (4) high-fat diet supplemented with 10% elderberry juice powder with unlimited wheel access. Body weight gain, fat pads, and whole-body fat content in mice fed elderberry juice were significantly less than in mice fed the control diet independent of wheel access. At the end of the study, active mice fed elderberry juice ate significantly more than active mice fed a control diet. There was no difference in the physical activity between active groups. Elderberry juice increasedBifidobacterium, promotedAkkermansia and Anaeroplasma, and prevented the growth of Desulfovibrio. Elderberry juice is a potent inhibitor of diet-induced obesity with action mediated by the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagrani Minj
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Joseph Riordan
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Christy Teets
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Hadyn Fernholz-Hartman
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Alfian Tanggono
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Yool Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Theodore Chauvin
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Patrick Solverson
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
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11
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Nguyen CB, Vaishampayan UN. Clinical Applications of the Gut Microbiome in Genitourinary Cancers. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e100041. [PMID: 38788173 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Recently recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer, the microbiome consists of symbiotic microorganisms that play pivotal roles in carcinogenesis, the tumor microenvironment, and responses to therapy. With recent advances in microbiome metagenomic sequencing, a growing body of work has demonstrated that changes in gut microbiome composition are associated with differential responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) because of alterations in cytokine signaling and cytotoxic T-cell recruitment. Therefore, strategies to shape the gut microbiome into a more favorable, immunogenic profile may lead to improved responses with ICIs. Immunotherapy is commonly used in genitourinary (GU) cancers such as renal cell carcinoma, urothelial cancer, and to a limited extent, prostate cancer. However, a subset of patients do not derive clinical benefit with ICIs. Gut microbiome-based interventions are of particular interest given the potential to boost responses to ICIs in preclinical and early-phase prospective studies. Novel approaches using probiotic therapy (live bacterial supplementation) and fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with GU cancers are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Nguyen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ulka N Vaishampayan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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12
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Nguyen NTA, Jiang Y, McQuade JL. Eating away cancer: the potential of diet and the microbiome for shaping immunotherapy outcome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1409414. [PMID: 38873602 PMCID: PMC11169628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1409414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GMB) plays a substantial role in human health and disease. From affecting gut barrier integrity to promoting immune cell differentiation, the GMB is capable of shaping host immunity and thus oncogenesis and anti-cancer therapeutic response, particularly with immunotherapy. Dietary patterns and components are key determinants of GMB composition, supporting the investigation of the diet-microbiome-immunity axis as a potential avenue to enhance immunotherapy response in cancer patients. As such, this review will discuss the role of the GMB and diet on anti-cancer immunity. We demonstrate that diet affects anti-cancer immunity through both GMB-independent and GMB-mediated mechanisms, and that different diet patterns mold the GMB's functional and taxonomic composition in distinctive ways. Dietary modulation therefore shows promise as an intervention for improving cancer outcome; however, further and more extensive research in human cancer populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer L. McQuade
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Fossmark R, Olaisen M. Changes in the Gastrointestinal Microbiota Induced by Proton Pump Inhibitors-A Review of Findings from Experimental Trials. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1110. [PMID: 38930492 PMCID: PMC11205704 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has increased considerably in many Western countries, and there is concern that numerous conditions and diseases associated with PPI use may be adverse events. The main function of gastric acid is to defend the organism against orally ingested microorganisms, and there is also concern that alterations not only in the gastric microbiome but also the downstream intestinal microbiome may increase the risk of disease or alter the course of preexisting disease. The current study is a systematic review of the available evidence from experimental trials investigating the effects of PPIs on the gastrointestinal microbiota by next-generation sequencing. Thirteen studies were identified. The effects of PPIs were seen on alterations in diversity and richness in some of the studies, while a larger proportion of the studies detected alterations at various taxonomic levels. The general finding was that PPI use caused an increase in bacteria normally found in the oral microbiota in both the upper and lower GI tract. The most consistent taxonomic alterations seemed to be increases in oral flora along the axis Streptococcaceae and Streptococcus at genus level and various Streptococcus spp., as well as Veillonellaceae, Veillonella and Haemophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reidar Fossmark
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway;
- Centre for Obesity Research, Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Medicus Endoscopy, 7042 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maya Olaisen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway;
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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14
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Pimenta AI, Bernardino RM, Pereira IAC. Role of sulfidogenic members of the gut microbiota in human disease. Adv Microb Physiol 2024; 85:145-200. [PMID: 39059820 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The human gut flora comprises a dynamic network of bacterial species that coexist in a finely tuned equilibrium. The interaction with intestinal bacteria profoundly influences the host's development, metabolism, immunity, and overall health. Furthermore, dysbiosis, a disruption of the gut microbiota, can induce a variety of diseases, not exclusively associated with the intestinal tract. The increased consumption of animal protein, high-fat and high-sugar diets in Western countries has been implicated in the rise of chronic and inflammatory illnesses associated with dysbiosis. In particular, this diet leads to the overgrowth of sulfide-producing bacteria, known as sulfidogenic bacteria, which has been linked to inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer, among other disorders. Sulfidogenic bacteria include sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio spp.) and Bilophila wadsworthia among others, which convert organic and inorganic sulfur compounds to sulfide through the dissimilatory sulfite reduction pathway. At high concentrations, sulfide is cytotoxic and disrupts the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and mucus barrier, triggering inflammation. Besides producing sulfide, B. wadsworthia has revealed significant pathogenic potential, demonstrated in the ability to cause infection, adhere to intestinal cells, promote inflammation, and compromise the integrity of the colonic mucus layer. This review delves into the mechanisms by which taurine and sulfide-driven gut dysbiosis contribute to the pathogenesis of sulfidogenic bacteria, and discusses the role of these gut microbes, particularly B. wadsworthia, in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia I Pimenta
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Bernardino
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês A C Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
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15
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Liu D, Chen D, Xiao J, Wang W, Zhang LJ, Peng H, Han C, Yao H. High-altitude-induced alterations in intestinal microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1369627. [PMID: 38784803 PMCID: PMC11111974 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In high-altitude environments characterized by low pressure and oxygen levels, the intestinal microbiota undergoes significant alterations. Whether individuals are subjected to prolonged exposure or acute altitude changes, these conditions lead to shifts in both the diversity and abundance of intestinal microbiota and changes in their composition. While these alterations represent adaptations to high-altitude conditions, they may also pose health risks through certain mechanisms. Changes in the intestinal microbiota induced by high altitudes can compromise the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, resulting in gastrointestinal dysfunction and an increased susceptibility to acute mountain sickness (AMS). Moreover, alterations in the intestinal microbiota have been implicated in the induction or exacerbation of chronic heart failure. Targeted modulation of the intestinal microbiota holds promise in mitigating high-altitude-related cardiac damage. Dietary interventions, such as adopting a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber, low-protein, and low-fat diet, can help regulate the effects of intestinal microbiota and their metabolic byproducts on intestinal health. Additionally, supplementation with probiotics, either through dietary sources or medications, offers a means of modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota. These interventions may offer beneficial effects in preventing and alleviating AMS following acute exposure to high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Han
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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16
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Masheghati F, Asgharzadeh MR, Jafari A, Masoudi N, Maleki-Kakelar H. The role of gut microbiota and probiotics in preventing, treating, and boosting the immune system in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2024; 344:122529. [PMID: 38490297 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a significant role in developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiome usually acts as a protective barrier against harmful pathogens and infections in the intestine, while also regulating inflammation by affecting the human immune system. The gut microbiota and probiotics play a role not only in intestinal inflammation associated with tumor formation but also in regulating anti-cancer immune response. As a result, they associated with tumor progression and the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies. Research indicates that gut microbiota and probiotics can be used as biomarkers to predict the impact of immunotherapy and enhance its efficacy in treating CRC by regulating it. This review examines the importance of gut microbiota and probiotics in the development and progression of CRC, as well as their synergistic impact on anti-cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Masheghati
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Naser Masoudi
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hadi Maleki-Kakelar
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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17
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LeBlanc KE, Baer-Sinnott S, Lancaster KJ, Campos H, Lau KHK, Tucker KL, Kushi LH, Willett WC. Perspective: Beyond the Mediterranean Diet-Exploring Latin American, Asian, and African Heritage Diets as Cultural Models of Healthy Eating. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100221. [PMID: 38604411 PMCID: PMC11087705 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is a well-studied cultural model of healthy eating, yet research on healthy models from other cultures and cuisines has been limited. This perspective article summarizes the components of traditional Latin American, Asian, and African heritage diets, their association with diet quality and markers of health, and implications for nutrition programs and policy. Though these diets differ in specific foods and flavors, we present a common thread that emphasizes healthful plant foods and that is consistent with high dietary quality and low rates of major causes of disability and deaths. In this perspective, we propose that nutrition interventions that incorporate these cultural models of healthy eating show promise, though further research is needed to determine health outcomes and best practices for implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristie J Lancaster
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Sun J, Xia Y. Pretreating and normalizing metabolomics data for statistical analysis. Genes Dis 2024; 11:100979. [PMID: 38299197 PMCID: PMC10827599 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics as a research field and a set of techniques is to study the entire small molecules in biological samples. Metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool generally for precision medicine. Particularly, integration of microbiome and metabolome has revealed the mechanism and functionality of microbiome in human health and disease. However, metabolomics data are very complicated. Preprocessing/pretreating and normalizing procedures on metabolomics data are usually required before statistical analysis. In this review article, we comprehensively review various methods that are used to preprocess and pretreat metabolomics data, including MS-based data and NMR -based data preprocessing, dealing with zero and/or missing values and detecting outliers, data normalization, data centering and scaling, data transformation. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each method. The choice for a suitable preprocessing method is determined by the biological hypothesis, the characteristics of the data set, and the selected statistical data analysis method. We then provide the perspective of their applications in the microbiome and metabolome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology/Immunology, UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago (537), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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19
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Ravella S. Association between oral nutrition and inflammation after intestinal transplantation. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110809. [PMID: 38724327 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal transplantation (Itx) can be a life-saving treatment for certain patient populations, including those patients with intestinal failure (IF) who develop life-threatening complications due to the use of parenteral nutrition (PN). Most patients who have undergone Itx are eventually able to tolerate a full oral diet. However, little guidance or consensus exists regarding optimizing the specific components of an oral diet for Itx patients, including macronutrients, micronutrients and dietary patterns. While oral dietary prescriptions have moved to the forefront of primary and preventive care, this movement has yet to occur across the field of organ transplantation. Evidence to date points to the role of systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) in a wide variety of chronic diseases as well as post-transplant graft dysfunction. This review will discuss current trends in oral nutrition for Itx patients and also offer novel insights into nutritional management techniques that may help to decrease SCI and chronic disease risk as well as optimize graft function.
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20
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Fielding RA, Lustgarten MS. Impact of a Whole-Food, High-Soluble Fiber Diet on the Gut-Muscle Axis in Aged Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1323. [PMID: 38732569 PMCID: PMC11085703 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified a role for the gut microbiome and its metabolic products, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in the maintenance of muscle mass and physical function (i.e., the gut-muscle axis), but interventions aimed at positively impacting the gut-muscle axis during aging are sparse. Gut bacteria ferment soluble fiber into SCFAs, and accordingly, to evaluate the impact of a high-soluble-fiber diet (HSFD) on the gut-muscle axis, we fed a whole-food, 3×-higher-soluble fiber-containing diet (relative to standard chow) to aged (98 weeks) C57BL/6J mice for 10 weeks. The HSFD significantly altered gut bacterial community structure and composition, but plasma SCFAs were not different, and a positive impact on muscle-related measures (when normalized to body weight) was not identified. However, when evaluating sex differences between dietary groups, female (but not male) HSFD-fed mice had significant increases for SCFAs, the quadriceps/body weight (BW) ratio, and treadmill work performance (distance run × BW), which suggests that an HSFD can positively impact the gut-muscle axis. In contrast, consistent effects in both male and female HSFD-fed mice included weight and fat loss, which suggests a positive role for an HSFD on the gut-adipose axis in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S. Lustgarten
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA), Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
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21
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Ramaboli MC, Ocvirk S, Khan Mirzaei M, Eberhart BL, Valdivia-Garcia M, Metwaly A, Neuhaus K, Barker G, Ru J, Nesengani LT, Mahdi-Joest D, Wilson AS, Joni SK, Layman DC, Zheng J, Mandal R, Chen Q, Perez MR, Fortuin S, Gaunt B, Wishart D, Methé B, Haller D, Li JV, Deng L, Swart R, O'Keefe SJD. Diet changes due to urbanization in South Africa are linked to microbiome and metabolome signatures of Westernization and colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3379. [PMID: 38643180 PMCID: PMC11032404 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition from traditional high-fiber to Western diets in urbanizing communities of Sub-Saharan Africa is associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD), exemplified by colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. To investigate how urbanization gives rise to microbial patterns that may be amenable by dietary intervention, we analyzed diet intake, fecal 16 S bacteriome, virome, and metabolome in a cross-sectional study in healthy rural and urban Xhosa people (South Africa). Urban Xhosa individuals had higher intakes of energy (urban: 3,578 ± 455; rural: 2,185 ± 179 kcal/d), fat and animal protein. This was associated with lower fecal bacteriome diversity and a shift from genera favoring degradation of complex carbohydrates (e.g., Prevotella) to taxa previously shown to be associated with bile acid metabolism and CRC. Urban Xhosa individuals had higher fecal levels of deoxycholic acid, shown to be associated with higher CRC risk, but similar short-chain fatty acid concentrations compared with rural individuals. Fecal virome composition was associated with distinct gut bacterial communities across urbanization, characterized by different dominant host bacteria (urban: Bacteriodota; rural: unassigned taxa) and variable correlation with fecal metabolites and dietary nutrients. Food and skin microbiota samples showed compositional differences along the urbanization gradient. Rural-urban dietary transition in South Africa is linked to major changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome. Further studies are needed to prove cause and identify whether restoration of specific components of the traditional diet will arrest the accelerating rise in NCDs in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Ramaboli
- African Microbiome Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Ocvirk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Intestinal Microbiology Research Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - M Khan Mirzaei
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - B L Eberhart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Valdivia-Garcia
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Metwaly
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - K Neuhaus
- Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - G Barker
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Ru
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - L T Nesengani
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - D Mahdi-Joest
- Intestinal Microbiology Research Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - A S Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S K Joni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D C Layman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Zheng
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Mandal
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Q Chen
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M R Perez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Fortuin
- African Microbiome Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Gaunt
- Zithulele Hospital, Mqanduli District, Mqanduli, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
| | - D Wishart
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - B Methé
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Haller
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - J V Li
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L Deng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - R Swart
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S J D O'Keefe
- African Microbiome Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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22
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Schoonakker MP, van Peet PG, van den Burg EL, Numans ME, Ducarmon QR, Pijl H, Wiese M. Impact of dietary carbohydrate, fat or protein restriction on the human gut microbiome: a systematic review. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38602133 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Restriction of dietary carbohydrates, fat and/or protein is often used to reduce body weight and/or treat (metabolic) diseases. Since diet is a key modulator of the human gut microbiome, which plays an important role in health and disease, this review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge of the effects of macronutrient-restricted diets on gut microbial composition and metabolites. A structured search strategy was performed in several databases. After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, thirty-six articles could be included. Data are included in the results only when supported by at least three independent studies to enhance the reliability of our conclusions. Low-carbohydrate (<30 energy%) diets tended to induce a decrease in the relative abundance of several health-promoting bacteria, including Bifidobacterium, as well as a reduction in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in faeces. In contrast, low-fat diets (<30 energy%) increased alpha diversity, faecal SCFA levels and abundance of some beneficial bacteria, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. There were insufficient data to draw conclusions concerning the effects of low-protein (<10 energy%) diets on gut microbiota. Although the data of included studies unveil possible benefits of low-fat and potential drawbacks of low-carbohydrate diets for human gut microbiota, the diversity in study designs made it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Using a more uniform methodology in design, sample processing and sharing raw sequence data could foster our understanding of the effects of macronutrient restriction on gut microbiota composition and metabolic dynamics relevant to health. This systematic review was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42020156929.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein P Schoonakker
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petra G van Peet
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elske L van den Burg
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mattijs E Numans
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Quinten R Ducarmon
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Wiese
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Atchade AM, Williams JL, Mermelstein L, Nemesure B. Unraveling the complexities of early-onset colorectal cancer: a perspective on dietary and microbial influences. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1370108. [PMID: 38638485 PMCID: PMC11024228 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1370108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
While advances in screening have resulted in declining rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) among adults ≥50 years of age since the mid-2000s, the incidence of early-onset CRC (EOCRC) has steadily increased over the last decade. This increase is not fully accounted for by hereditary factors, and the hypothesis that a sedentary lifestyle and obesity are the primary culprits is not fully supported by recent reports indicating that many affected individuals lead active lifestyles, maintain normal weight, and are otherwise healthy. Attention has shifted toward dietary patterns, notably the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods found in Western diets, which are suspected of disrupting the gut microbiome balance that potentially leads to EOCRC. The impact of antibiotic use on the gut microbiome is also posited as a contributing factor, given its rising prevalence in medical and agricultural practices. We propose that a paradigm shift is necessary for EOCRC research, moving beyond metabolic factors to a broader exploration of dietary and microbial influences. Future research must prioritize understanding the relationship between dietary habits, particularly processed food intake, antibiotic exposure, and gut microbiome dynamics, to unravel the complex etiology of EOCRC. This will be crucial in developing comprehensive preventive strategies to address the increasing incidence of this malignancy in younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barbara Nemesure
- Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Cancer Center, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Kase BE, Liese AD, Zhang J, Murphy EA, Zhao L, Steck SE. The Development and Evaluation of a Literature-Based Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2024; 16:1045. [PMID: 38613077 PMCID: PMC11013161 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a novel dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) that captures dietary composition related to gut microbiota profiles. We conducted a literature review of longitudinal studies on the association of diet with gut microbiota in adult populations and extracted those dietary components with evidence of beneficial or unfavorable effects. Dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2010, n = 3812) were used to compute the DI-GM, and associations with biomarkers of gut microbiota diversity (urinary enterodiol and enterolactone) were examined using linear regression. From a review of 106 articles, 14 foods or nutrients were identified as components of the DI-GM, including fermented dairy, chickpeas, soybean, whole grains, fiber, cranberries, avocados, broccoli, coffee, and green tea as beneficial components, and red meat, processed meat, refined grains, and high-fat diet (≥40% of energy from fat) as unfavorable components. Each component was scored 0 or 1 based on sex-specific median intakes, and scores were summed to develop the overall DI-GM score. In the NHANES, DI-GM scores ranged from 0-13 with a mean of 4.8 (SE = 0.04). Positive associations between DI-GM and urinary enterodiol and enterolactone were observed. The association of the novel DI-GM with markers of gut microbiota diversity demonstrates the potential utility of this index for gut health-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bezawit E. Kase
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| | - Angela D. Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| | - Elizabeth Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine Columbia, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Longgang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| | - Susan E. Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a substantial source of global morbidity and mortality in dire need of improved prevention and treatment strategies. As our understanding of CRC grows, it is becoming increasingly evident that the gut microbiota, consisting of trillions of microorganisms in direct interface with the colon, plays a substantial role in CRC development and progression. Understanding the roles that individual microorganisms and complex microbial communities play in CRC pathogenesis, along with their attendant mechanisms, will help yield novel preventive and therapeutic interventions for CRC. In this Review, we discuss recent evidence concerning global perturbations of the gut microbiota in CRC, associations of specific microorganisms with CRC, the underlying mechanisms by which microorganisms potentially drive CRC development and the roles of complex microbial communities in CRC pathogenesis. While our understanding of the relationship between the microbiota and CRC has improved in recent years, our findings highlight substantial gaps in current research that need to be filled before this knowledge can be used to the benefit of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell T White
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Ahn S, Datta S. Differential network connectivity analysis for microbiome data adjusted for clinical covariates using jackknife pseudo-values. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:117. [PMID: 38500042 PMCID: PMC10946111 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent breakthrough in differential network (DN) analysis of microbiome data has been realized with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies. The DN analysis disentangles the microbial co-abundance among taxa by comparing the network properties between two or more graphs under different biological conditions. However, the existing methods to the DN analysis for microbiome data do not adjust for other clinical differences between subjects. RESULTS We propose a Statistical Approach via Pseudo-value Information and Estimation for Differential Network Analysis (SOHPIE-DNA) that incorporates additional covariates such as continuous age and categorical BMI. SOHPIE-DNA is a regression technique adopting jackknife pseudo-values that can be implemented readily for the analysis. We demonstrate through simulations that SOHPIE-DNA consistently reaches higher recall and F1-score, while maintaining similar precision and accuracy to existing methods (NetCoMi and MDiNE). Lastly, we apply SOHPIE-DNA on two real datasets from the American Gut Project and the Diet Exchange Study to showcase the utility. The analysis of the Diet Exchange Study is to showcase that SOHPIE-DNA can also be used to incorporate the temporal change of connectivity of taxa with the inclusion of additional covariates. As a result, our method has found taxa that are related to the prevention of intestinal inflammation and severity of fatigue in advanced metastatic cancer patients. CONCLUSION SOHPIE-DNA is the first attempt of introducing the regression framework for the DN analysis in microbiome data. This enables the prediction of characteristics of a connectivity of a network with the presence of additional covariate information in the regression. The R package with a vignette of our methodology is available through the CRAN repository ( https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=SOHPIE ), named SOHPIE (pronounced as Sofie). The source code and user manual can be found at https://github.com/sjahnn/SOHPIE-DNA .
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjun Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Somnath Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Doumatey AP, Shriner D, Zhou J, Lei L, Chen G, Oluwasola-Taiwo O, Nkem S, Ogundeji A, Adebamowo SN, Bentley AR, Gouveia MH, Meeks KAC, Adebamowo CA, Adeyemo AA, Rotimi CN. Untargeted metabolomic profiling reveals molecular signatures associated with type 2 diabetes in Nigerians. Genome Med 2024; 16:38. [PMID: 38444015 PMCID: PMC10913364 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportions globally, including in Africa. However, molecular studies to understand the pathophysiology of T2D remain scarce outside Europe and North America. The aims of this study are to use an untargeted metabolomics approach to identify: (a) metabolites that are differentially expressed between individuals with and without T2D and (b) a metabolic signature associated with T2D in a population of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS A total of 580 adult Nigerians from the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study were studied. The discovery study included 310 individuals (210 without T2D, 100 with T2D). Metabolites in plasma were assessed by reverse phase, ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (RP)/UPLC-MS/MS methods on the Metabolon Platform. Welch's two-sample t-test was used to identify differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), followed by the construction of a biomarker panel using a random forest (RF) algorithm. The biomarker panel was evaluated in a replication sample of 270 individuals (110 without T2D and 160 with T2D) from the same study. RESULTS Untargeted metabolomic analyses revealed 280 DEMs between individuals with and without T2D. The DEMs predominantly belonged to the lipid (51%, 142/280), amino acid (21%, 59/280), xenobiotics (13%, 35/280), carbohydrate (4%, 10/280) and nucleotide (4%, 10/280) super pathways. At the sub-pathway level, glycolysis, free fatty acid, bile metabolism, and branched chain amino acid catabolism were altered in T2D individuals. A 10-metabolite biomarker panel including glucose, gluconate, mannose, mannonate, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, fructose, fructosyl-lysine, 1-carboxylethylleucine, metformin, and methyl-glucopyranoside predicted T2D with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.924 (95% CI: 0.845-0.966) and a predicted accuracy of 89.3%. The panel was validated with a similar AUC (0.935, 95% CI 0.906-0.958) in the replication cohort. The 10 metabolites in the biomarker panel correlated significantly with several T2D-related glycemic indices, including Hba1C, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that metabolomic dysregulation associated with T2D in Nigerians affects multiple processes, including glycolysis, free fatty acid and bile metabolism, and branched chain amino acid catabolism. Our study replicated previous findings in other populations and identified a metabolic signature that could be used as a biomarker panel of T2D risk and glycemic control thus enhancing our knowledge of molecular pathophysiologic changes in T2D. The metabolomics dataset generated in this study represents an invaluable addition to publicly available multi-omics data on understudied African ancestry populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lin Lei
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Susan Nkem
- Center for Bioethics & Research, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Sally N Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, and the Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mateus H Gouveia
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Karlijn A C Meeks
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Clement A Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, and the Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12 A, Room 1025A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Lee C, Lee S, Yoo W. Metabolic Interaction Between Host and the Gut Microbiota During High-Fat Diet-Induced Colorectal Cancer. J Microbiol 2024; 62:153-165. [PMID: 38625645 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-highest cause of cancer-associated mortality among both men and women worldwide. One of the risk factors for CRC is obesity, which is correlated with a high-fat diet prevalent in Western dietary habits. The association between an obesogenic high-fat diet and CRC has been established for several decades; however, the mechanisms by which a high-fat diet increases the risk of CRC remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota strongly influence the pathogenesis of both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. The gut microbiota is composed of hundreds of bacterial species, some of which are implicated in CRC. In particular, the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, which is considered a microbial signature of intestinal microbiota functional imbalance (dysbiosis), is associated with both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. Here, we review the interaction between the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) during high-fat diet-induced obesity. In addition, we will cover how a high-fat diet can drive the expansion of genotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by altering intestinal epithelial cell metabolism during gut inflammation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungrin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongjae Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Gupta S, May FP, Kupfer SS, Murphy CC. Birth Cohort Colorectal Cancer (CRC): Implications for Research and Practice. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:455-469.e7. [PMID: 38081492 PMCID: PMC11304405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) epidemiology is changing due to a birth cohort effect, first recognized by increasing incidence of early onset CRC (EOCRC, age <50 years). In this paper, we define "birth cohort CRC" as the observed phenomenon, among individuals born 1960 and later, of increasing CRC risk across successive birth cohorts, rising EOCRC incidence, increasing incidence among individuals aged 50 to 54 years, and flattening of prior decreasing incidence among individuals aged 55 to 74 years. We demonstrate birth cohort CRC is associated with unique features, including increasing rectal cancer (greater than colon) and distant (greater than local) stage CRC diagnosis, and increasing EOCRC across all racial/ethnic groups. We review potential risk factors, etiologies, and mechanisms for birth cohort CRC, using EOCRC as a starting point and describing importance of viewing these through the lens of birth cohort. We also outline implications of birth cohort CRC for epidemiologic and translational research, as well as current clinical practice. We postulate that recognition of birth cohort CRC as an entity-including and extending beyond rising EOCRC-can advance understanding of risk factors, etiologies, and mechanisms, and address the public health consequences of changing CRC epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Gupta
- Section of Gastroenterology, Jennifer Moreno San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, California.
| | - Folasade P May
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Caitlin C Murphy
- Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston) School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
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30
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Du P, Tseng Y, Liu P, Zhang H, Huang G, Hu C, Chen J. Role of exhaled hydrogen sulfide in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2024; 11:e001229. [PMID: 38378656 PMCID: PMC10882367 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often accompanied by increased excretion of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This study aimed to explore the value of exhaled H2S in the diagnosis of CRC. METHODS A total of 80 people with normal colonoscopy results and 57 patients with CRC were enrolled into the present observational cohort study. Exhaled oral and nasal H2S were detected by Nanocoulomb breath analyser. Results were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analysed and area under the curves (AUCs) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of exhaled H2S. Meanwhile, the clinicopathological features, including gender, lesion location and tumour staging of patients with CRC, were also collected and analysed. RESULTS The amount of exhaled H2S from patients with CRC was significantly higher than that of those with normal colonoscopy results. The ROC curve showed an AUC value of 0.73 and 0.71 based on oral and nasal H2S detection, respectively. The exhaled H2S in patients with CRC was correlated with gender, lesion location and tumour progression, including depth of invasion, lymphatic metastasis and TNM (Tumor, Lymph Nodes, Metastasis) staging. CONCLUSION Exhaled H2S analysis is a convenient and non-invasive detection method for diagnosing CRC, suggesting a potential role in population screening for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhun Du
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujen Tseng
- Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilu Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng'en Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Sadeghi M, Mestivier D, Carbonnelle E, Benamouzig R, Khazaie K, Sobhani I. Loss of symbiotic and increase of virulent bacteria through microbial networks in Lynch syndrome colon carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1313735. [PMID: 38375206 PMCID: PMC10876293 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1313735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Through a pilot study, we performed whole gut metagenomic analysis in 17 Lynch syndrome (LS) families, including colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and their healthy first-degree relatives. In a second asymptomatic LS cohort (n=150) undergoing colonoscopy-screening program, individuals with early precancerous lesions were compared to those with a normal colonoscopy. Since bacteria are organized into different networks within the microbiota, we compared related network structures in patients and controls. Experimental design Fecal prokaryote DNA was extracted prior to colonoscopy for whole metagenome (n=34, pilot study) or 16s rRNA sequencing (validation study). We characterized bacteria taxonomy using Diamond/MEGAN6 and DADA2 pipelines and performed differential abundances using Shaman website. We constructed networks using SparCC inference tools and validated the construction's accuracy by performing qPCR on selected bacteria. Results Significant differences in bacterial communities in LS-CRC patients were identified, with an enrichment of virulent bacteria and a depletion of symbionts compared to their first-degree relatives. Bacteria taxa in LS asymptomatic individuals with colonic precancerous lesions (n=79) were significantly different compared to healthy individuals (n=71). The main bacterial network structures, constructed based on bacteria-bacteria correlations in CRC (pilot study) and in asymptomatic precancerous patients (validation-study), showed a different pattern than in controls. It was characterized by virulent/symbiotic co-exclusion in both studies and illustrated (validation study) by a higher Escherichia/Bifidobacterium ratio, as assessed by qPCR. Conclusion Enhanced fecal virulent/symbiotic bacteria ratios influence bacterial network structures. As an early event in colon carcinogenesis, these ratios can be used to identify asymptomatic LS individual with a higher risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadeghi
- EA7375 –EC2M3: Early detection of Colonic Cancer by using Microbial & Molecular Markers Paris East Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Denis Mestivier
- EA7375 –EC2M3: Early detection of Colonic Cancer by using Microbial & Molecular Markers Paris East Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Etienne Carbonnelle
- Bacteriology, Virology, Hygiene Laboratory, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Iradj Sobhani
- EA7375 –EC2M3: Early detection of Colonic Cancer by using Microbial & Molecular Markers Paris East Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
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Hartman TJ, Christie J, Wilson A, Ziegler TR, Methe B, Flanders WD, Rolls BJ, Loye Eberhart B, Li JV, Huneault H, Cousineau B, Perez MR, O'Keefe SJD. Fibre-rich Foods to Treat Obesity and Prevent Colon Cancer trial study protocol: a randomised clinical trial of fibre-rich legumes targeting the gut microbiome, metabolome and gut transit time of overweight and obese patients with a history of noncancerous adenomatous polyps. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081379. [PMID: 38316601 PMCID: PMC10860035 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently published studies support the beneficial effects of consuming fibre-rich legumes, such as cooked dry beans, to improve metabolic health and reduce cancer risk. In participants with overweight/obesity and a history of colorectal polyps, the Fibre-rich Foods to Treat Obesity and Prevent Colon Cancer randomised clinical trial will test whether a high-fibre diet featuring legumes will simultaneously facilitate weight reduction and suppress colonic mucosal biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS/DESIGN This study is designed to characterise changes in (1) body weight; (2) biomarkers of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation; (3) compositional and functional profiles of the faecal microbiome and metabolome; (4) mucosal biomarkers of CRC risk and (5) gut transit. Approximately 60 overweight or obese adults with a history of noncancerous adenomatous polyps within the previous 3 years will be recruited and randomised to one of two weight-loss diets. Following a 1-week run-in, participants in the intervention arm will receive preportioned high-fibre legume-rich entrées for two meals/day in months 1-3 and one meal/day in months 4-6. In the control arm, entrées will replace legumes with lean protein sources (eg, chicken). Both groups will receive in-person and written guidance to include nutritionally balanced sides with energy intake to lose 1-2 pounds per week. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The National Institutes of Health fund this ongoing 5-year study through a National Cancer Institute grant (5R01CA245063) awarded to Emory University with a subaward to the University of Pittsburgh. The study protocol was approved by the Emory Institutional Review Board (IRB approval number: 00000563). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04780477.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terryl J Hartman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Christie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Annette Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Methe
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for the Microbiome and Medicine, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Dana Flanders
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Blaine Loye Eberhart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jia V Li
- Section of Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Helaina Huneault
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ben Cousineau
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Miriam R Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen J D O'Keefe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gong L, Liu F, Liu J, Wang J. Dietary fiber (oligosaccharide and non-starch polysaccharide) in preventing and treating functional gastrointestinal disorders - Challenges and controversies: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128835. [PMID: 38128805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a group of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal functional diseases, including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional constipation. A lack of safe and reliable treatments for abdominal pain-related FGIDs has prompted interest in new therapies. Evidence has shown that supplementation with dietary fiber may help treat FGIDs. Dietary fibers (DFs) have been demonstrated to have regulatory effects on the gut microbiota, microbiota metabolites, and gastrointestinal movement and have important implications for preventing and treating FGIDs. However, the adverse effects of some DFs, such as fermentable oligosaccharides, on FGIDs are unclear. This review provides an overview of the DFs physiological properties and functional characteristics that influence their use in management of FGIDs, with emphasis on structural modification technology to improve their therapeutic activities. The review highlights that the use of appropriate or novel fibers is a potential therapeutic approach for FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feiyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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Gubert C, Kong G, Costello C, Adams CD, Masson BA, Qin W, Choo J, Narayana VK, Rogers G, Renoir T, Furness JB, Hannan AJ. Dietary fibre confers therapeutic effects in a preclinical model of Huntington's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:404-418. [PMID: 38142919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving psychiatric, cognitive and motor deficits, as well as peripheral symptoms, including gastrointestinal dysfunction. The R6/1 HD mouse model expresses a mutant human huntingtin transgene and has been shown to provide an accurate disease model. Recent evidence of gut microbiome disruption was shown in preclinical and clinical HD. Therefore, we aimed to assess the potential role of gut microbial modulation in the treatment of HD. The R6/1 HD mice and wild-type littermate controls were randomised to receive diets containing different amounts of fibre: high-fibre (10 % fibre), control (5 % fibre), or zero-fibre (0 % fibre), from 6 to 20 weeks of age. We characterized the onset and progression of motor, cognitive and affective deficits, as well as gastrointestinal function and gut morphological changes. Faeces were collected for gut microbiome profiling using 16S rRNA sequencing, at 14 and 20 weeks of age. When compared to the control diet, high-fibre diet improved the performance of HD mice in behavioral tests of cognitive and affective function, as well as the gastrointestinal function of both HD and wild-type mice. While the diets changed the beta diversity of wild-type mice, no statistical significance was observed at 14 or 20 weeks of age within the HD mice. Analysis of Composition of Microbiomes with Bias Correction (ANCOM-BC) models were performed to evaluate microbiota composition, which identified differences, including a decreased relative abundance of the phyla Actinobacteriota, Campylobacterota and Proteobacteria and an increased relative abundance of the families Bacteroidaceae, Oscillospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in HD mice when compared to wild-type mice after receiving high-fibre diet. PICRUSt2 revealed that high-fibre diet also decreased potentially pathogenic functional pathways in HD. In conclusion, high-fibre intake was effective in enhancing gastrointestinal function, cognition and affective behaviors in HD mice. These findings indicate that dietary fibre interventions may have therapeutic potential in Huntington's disease to delay clinical onset, and have implications for related disorders exhibiting dysfunction of the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Geraldine Kong
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Callum Costello
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cameron D Adams
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bethany A Masson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Wendy Qin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Choo
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Vinod K Narayana
- Metabolomics Australia Bio21 Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Geraint Rogers
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - John B Furness
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Ahn S, Datta S. SOHPIE: statistical approach via pseudo-value information and estimation for differential network analysis of microbiome data. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btad766. [PMID: 38134422 PMCID: PMC10807904 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The SOHPIE R package implements a novel functionality for "multivariable" differential co-abundance network (DN, hereafter) analyses of microbiome data. It incorporates a regression approach that adjusts for additional covariates for DN analyses. This distinguishes from previous prominent approaches in DN analyses such as MDiNE and NetCoMi which do not feature a covariate adjustment of finding taxa that are differentially connected (DC, hereafter) between individuals with different clinical and phenotypic characteristics. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION SOHPIE with a vignette is available on CRAN repository https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=SOHPIE and published under General Public License (GPL) version 3 license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjun Ahn
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Somnath Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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Zhou Y, Sheng YJ, Li CY, Zou L, Tong CY, Zhang Y, Cao G, Shou D. Beneficial effect and mechanism of natural resourced polysaccharides on regulating bone metabolism through intestinal flora: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127428. [PMID: 37838110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone metabolism is an important biological process for maintaining bone health. Polysaccharides of natural origin exert beneficial effects on bone metabolism. Polysaccharide molecules often have difficulty passing through the intestinal cell membrane and are directly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, polysaccharides may affect intestinal flora and play a role in disease treatment. We performed a comprehensive review of the relevant literature published from 2003 to 2023. We found that several polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicines, including Astragalus, Achyranthes bidentata and Eucommia ulmoides, and the polysaccharides from several dietary fibers mainly composed of inulin, resistant starch, and dextran could enrich the intestinal microbiota group to regulate bone metabolism. The promotion of polysaccharide decomposition by regulating the Bacteroides phylum is particularly critical. Studies on the structure-activity relationship showed that molecular weight, glycosidic bonds, and monosaccharide composition may affect the ability of polysaccharides. The mechanism by which polysaccharides regulate intestinal flora to enhance bone metabolism may be related to the regulation of short-chain fatty acids, immunity, and hormones, involving some signaling pathways, such as TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, BMP/Smads, and RANKL. This paper provides a useful reference for the study of polysaccharides and suggests their potential application in the treatment of bone metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Yun Jie Sheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Cheng Yan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Li Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Chao Ying Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Dan Shou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
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Martemucci G, Fracchiolla G, Muraglia M, Tardugno R, Dibenedetto RS, D’Alessandro AG. Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from the Oxidative Stress to the Management of Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2091. [PMID: 38136211 PMCID: PMC10740837 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a growing disorder affecting thousands of people worldwide, especially in industrialised countries, increasing mortality. Oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, dysbiosis, abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia and hypertension are important factors linked to MS clusters of different pathologies, such as diabesity, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. All biochemical changes observed in MS, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, endothelial cell function and intestinal microbiota, promote pathological bridges between metabolic syndrome, diabesity and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to summarise metabolic syndrome's involvement in diabesity and highlight the link between MS and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. A better understanding of MS could promote a novel strategic approach to reduce MS comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martemucci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Roberta Tardugno
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Roberta Savina Dibenedetto
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
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Hussan H, Clinton SK, Grainger EM, Webb M, Wang C, Webb A, Needleman B, Noria S, Zhu J, Choueiry F, Pietrzak M, Bailey MT. Distinctive patterns of sulfide- and butyrate-metabolizing bacteria after bariatric surgery: potential implications for colorectal cancer risk. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2255345. [PMID: 37702461 PMCID: PMC10501170 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2255345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improved cardiometabolic outcomes following bariatric surgery, its long-term impact on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains uncertain. In parallel, the influence of bariatric surgery on the host microbiome and relationships with disease outcomes is beginning to be appreciated. Therefore, we investigated the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) on the patterns of sulfide-reducing and butyrate-producing bacteria, which are hypothesized to modulate CRC risk after bariatric surgery. In this single-center, cross-sectional study, we included 15 pre-surgery subjects with severe obesity and patients who are at a median (range) of 25.6 (9.9-46.5) months after RYGB (n = 16) or VSG (n = 10). The DNA abundance of fecal bacteria and enzymes involved in butyrate and sulfide metabolism were identified using metagenomic sequencing. Differences between pre-surgery and post-RYGB or post-VSG cohorts were quantified using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method. Our sample was predominantly female (87%) with a median (range) age of 46 (23-71) years. Post-RYGB and post-VSG patients had a higher DNA abundance of fecal sulfide-reducing bacteria than pre-surgery controls (LDA = 1.3-4.4, p < .05). The most significant enrichments were for fecal E. coli, Acidaminococcus and A. finegoldii after RYGB, and for A. finegoldii, S. vestibularis, V. parvula after VSG. As for butyrate-producing bacteria, R. faecis was more abundant, whereas B. dentium and A. hardus were lower post-RYGB vs. pre-surgery. B. dentium was also lower in post-VSG vs. pre-surgery. Consistent with these findings, our analysis showed a greater enrichment of sulfide-reducing enzymes after bariatric surgery, especially RYGB, vs. pre-surgery. The DNA abundance of butyrate-producing enzymes was lower post-RYGB. In conclusion, the two most used bariatric surgeries, RYGB and VSG, are associated with microbiome patterns that are potentially implicated in CRC risk. Future studies are needed to validate and understand the impact of these microbiome changes on CRC risk after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Hussan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis; Sacramento, CA, USA
- The UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Steven K. Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Grainger
- Division of Medical Oncology; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maxine Webb
- Division of Medical Oncology; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cankun Wang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bradley Needleman
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery; Department of General Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sabrena Noria
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery; Department of General Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fouad Choueiry
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael T. Bailey
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Oral and Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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39
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Gilbert MC, Setayesh T, Wan YJY. The contributions of bacteria metabolites to the development of hepatic encephalopathy. LIVER RESEARCH 2023; 7:296-303. [PMID: 38221945 PMCID: PMC10786625 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over 20% of mortality during acute liver failure is associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Thus, HE is a complication of acute liver failure with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclinical alterations to coma. HE is caused by the diversion of portal blood into systemic circulation through portosystemic collateral vessels. Thus, the brain is exposed to intestinal-derived toxic substances. Moreover, the strategies to prevent advancement and improve the prognosis of such a liver-brain disease rely on intestinal microbial modulation. This is supported by the findings that antibiotics such as rifaximin and laxative lactulose can alleviate hepatic cirrhosis and/or prevent HE. Together, the significance of the gut-liver-brain axis in human health warrants attention. This review paper focuses on the roles of bacteria metabolites, mainly ammonia and bile acids (BAs) as well as BA receptors in HE. The literature search conducted for this review included searches for phrases such as BA receptors, BAs, ammonia, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1 or TGR5), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), and cirrhosis in conjunction with the phrase hepatic encephalopathy and portosystemic encephalopathy. PubMed, as well as Google Scholar, was the search engines used to find relevant publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Claire Gilbert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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He J, Li H, Jia J, Liu Y, Zhang N, Wang R, Qu W, Liu Y, Jia L. Mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota affects gastrointestinal tumours and therapeutic effects. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:45. [PMID: 38032415 PMCID: PMC10689341 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is considered to be a forgotten organ in human health and disease. It maintains intestinal homeostasis through various complex mechanisms. A significant body of research has demonstrated notable differences in the gut microbiota of patients with gastrointestinal tumours compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, the dysregulation of gut microbiota, metabolites produced by gut bacteria, and related signal pathways can partially explain the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal tumours. Therefore, this article summarizes the latest research progress on the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal tumours. Firstly, we provide an overview of the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota and discuss the mechanisms by which the intestinal flora directly or indirectly affects the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal tumours by regulating the immune system, producing bacterial toxins, secreting metabolites. Secondly, we present a detailed analysis of the differences of intestinal microbiota and its pathogenic mechanisms in colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, etc. Lastly, in terms of treatment strategies, we discuss the effects of the intestinal microbiota on the efficacy and toxic side effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy and address the role of probiotics, prebiotics, FMT and antibiotic in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumours. In summary, this article provides a comprehensive review of the pathogenic mechanisms of and treatment strategies pertaining to the intestinal microbiota in patients with gastrointestinal tumours. And provide a more comprehensive and precise scientific basis for the development of microbiota-based treatments for gastrointestinal tumours and the prevention of such tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai He
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, 015000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jiaqi Jia
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98 Chengcheng Road, Youjiang District, Baise City, 533000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, 015000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, 015000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rumeng Wang
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, 015000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenhao Qu
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98 Chengcheng Road, Youjiang District, Baise City, 533000, China
| | - Yanqi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Lizhou Jia
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, 015000, Inner Mongolia, China.
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41
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Zuberi SA, Burdine L, Dong J, Feuerstein JD. Representation of Racial Minorities in the United States Colonoscopy Surveillance Interval Guidelines. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023:00004836-990000000-00232. [PMID: 38019081 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Clinical guidelines should ideally be formulated from data representative of the population they are applicable to; however, historically, studies have disproportionally enrolled non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients, leading to potential inequities in care for minority groups. Our study aims to evaluate the extent to which racial minorities were represented in the United States Colorectal Cancer Surveillance Guidelines. METHODS We reviewed US guidelines between 1997 and 2020 and all identified studies cited by recommendations for surveillance after a baseline colonoscopy with no polyps, adenomas, sessile serrated polyps, and hyperplastic polyps. We analyzed the proportion of studies reporting race, and among these studies, we calculated the racial distribution of patients and compared the proportion of Non-NHW patients between each subtype. RESULTS For all guidelines, we reviewed 75 studies encompassing 9,309,955 patients. Race was reported in 24% of studies and 14% of total patients. Non-NHW comprised 43% of patients in studies for normal colonoscopies, compared with 9% for adenomas, 22% for sessile serrated polyps, and 15% for hyperplastic polyps. For the 2020 guidelines, we reviewed 33 studies encompassing 5,930,722 patients. Race was reported in 15% of studies and 21% of total patients. Non-NHW comprised 43% of patients in studies for normal colonoscopies, compared with 9% for tubular adenomas. Race was not cited for any other 2020 guideline. CONCLUSION Racial minorities are significantly underrepresented in US Colorectal Cancer Surveillance Guidelines, which may contribute to disparities in care. Future studies should prioritize enrolling a diverse patient population to provide data that accurately reflects their population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph D Feuerstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Domingo-Ortí I, Ferrer-Torres P, Armiñán A, Vicent MJ, Pineda-Lucena A, Palomino-Schätzlein M. NMR-Based Mitochondria Metabolomic Profiling: A New Approach To Reveal Cancer-Associated Alterations. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16539-16548. [PMID: 37906730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Studying metabolism may assist in understanding the relationship between normal and dysfunctional mitochondrial activity and various diseases, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, autoimmune, psychiatric, and cancer. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics represents a powerful method to characterize the chemical content of complex samples and has been successfully applied to studying a range of conditions. However, an optimized methodology is lacking for analyzing isolated organelles, such as mitochondria. In this study, we report the development of a protocol to metabolically profile mitochondria from healthy, tumoral, and metastatic tissues. Encouragingly, this approach provided quantitative information about up to 45 metabolites in one comprehensive and robust analysis. Our results revealed significant differences between whole-cell and mitochondrial metabolites, which supports a more refined approach to metabolic analysis. We applied our optimized methodology to investigate aggressive and metastatic breast cancer in mouse tissues, discovering that lung mitochondria exhibit an altered metabolic fingerprint. Specific amino acids, organic acids, and lipids showed significant increases in levels when compared with mitochondria from healthy tissues. Our optimized methodology could promote a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer aggressiveness and mitochondrial-related diseases and support the optimization of new advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Domingo-Ortí
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory and CIBERONC, Valencia 46012, Spain
- NMR Facility, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46012, Spain
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | | | - Ana Armiñán
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory and CIBERONC, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - María J Vicent
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory and CIBERONC, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Martina Palomino-Schätzlein
- NMR Facility, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46012, Spain
- ProtoQSAR, CEEI, Parque Tecnológico Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
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Zhang Y, Zhou M, Zhou Y, Guan X. Dietary components regulate chronic diseases through gut microbiota: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6752-6766. [PMID: 37225671 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, gut microbiota as an immune organ has gradually become the mainstream of research. When the composition of the gut microbiota is changed significantly, this may affect human health. This review details the major microbiota composition and metabolites in the gut and discusses chronic diseases based on gut dysbiosis, including obesity, liver injury, colon cancer, atherosclerosis, and central nervous system diseases. We comprehensively summarize the changes in abundance of relevant gut microbiota by ingesting different diet components (such as food additives, dietary polyphenols, polysaccharides, fats, proteins) and their influence on the microbial quorum sensing system, thereby regulating related diseases. We believe that quorum sensing can be used as a new entry point to explain the mechanism of ingesting dietary components to improve gut microbiota and thereby regulate related diseases. This review hopes to provide a theoretical basis for future research on improving disease symptoms by ingesting functional foods containing dietary components. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqin Zhou
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
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Iloki Assanga SB, Lewis Luján LM, McCarty MF. Targeting beta-catenin signaling for prevention of colorectal cancer - Nutraceutical, drug, and dietary options. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175898. [PMID: 37481200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Progressive up-regulation of β-catenin signaling is very common in the transformation of colorectal epithelium to colorectal cancer (CRC). Practical measures for opposing such signaling hence have potential for preventing or slowing such transformation. cAMP/PKA activity in colon epithelium, as stimulated by COX-2-generated prostaglandins and β2-adrenergic signaling, boosts β-catenin activity, whereas cGMP/PKG signaling has the opposite effect. Bacterial generation of short-chain fatty acids (as supported by unrefined high-carbohydrate diets, berberine, and probiotics), dietary calcium, daily aspirin, antioxidants opposing cox-2 induction, and nicotine avoidance, can suppress cAMP production in colonic epithelium, whereas cGMP can be boosted via linaclotides, PDE5 inhibitors such as sildenafil or icariin, and likely high-dose biotin. Selective activation of estrogen receptor-β by soy isoflavones, support of adequate vitamin D receptor activity with UV exposure or supplemental vitamin D, and inhibition of CK2 activity with flavanols such as quercetin, can also oppose β-catenin signaling in colorectal epithelium. Secondary bile acids, the colonic production of which can be diminished by low-fat diets and berberine, can up-regulate β-catenin activity by down-regulating farnesoid X receptor expression. Stimulation of PI3K/Akt via insulin, IGF-I, TLR4, and EGFR receptors boosts β-catenin levels via inhibition of glycogen synthase-3β; plant-based diets can down-regulate insulin and IGF-I levels, exercise training and leanness can keep insulin low, anthocyanins and their key metabolite ferulic acid have potential for opposing TLR4 signaling, and silibinin is a direct antagonist for EGFR. Partially hydrolyzed phytate can oppose growth factor-mediated down-regulation of β-catenin by inhibiting Akt activation. Multifactorial strategies for safely opposing β-catenin signaling can be complemented with measures that diminish colonic mutagenesis and DNA hypomethylation - such as avoidance of heme-rich meat and charred or processed meats, consumption of phase II-inductive foods and nutraceuticals (e.g., Crucifera), and assurance of adequate folate status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bernard Iloki Assanga
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83000, Mexico.
| | - Lidianys María Lewis Luján
- Technological Institute of Hermosillo (ITH), Ave. Tecnológico y Periférico Poniente S/N, Col. Sahuaro, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83170, México.
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Singh I, Das R, Kumar A. Network pharmacology-based anti-colorectal cancer activity of piperlonguminine in the ethanolic root extract of Piper longum L. Med Oncol 2023; 40:320. [PMID: 37796360 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second highest incidence and fatality rates of any malignancy, at 10.2 and 9.2%, respectively. Plants and plants-based products for thousands of years have been utilized to treat cancer along with other associated health issues. Alkaloids are a valuable class of chemical compounds with great potential as new medicine possibilities. Piper longum Linn contains various types of alkaloids. In this research, the ethanolic root extract of P. longum (EREPL) is the subject of study based on network pharmacology. Two alkaloids were chosen from the gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. However, only piperlonguminine received preference because it adhered to Lipinski's rule and depicted no toxicity. Web tools which are available online, like, Swiss ADME, pkCSMand ProTox-II were used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and physiochemical properties of piperlonguminine. The database that SwissTargetPrediction and TCMSP maintain contains the targets for piperlonguminine. Using DisGeNET, GeneCards and Open Targets Platform databases, we were able to identify targets of CRC. The top four hub genes identified by Cytoscape are SRC, MTOR, EZH2, and MAPK3. The participation of hub genes in colorectal cancer-related pathways was examined using the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The colorectal cancer pathway, the ErbB signaling pathway and the mTOR signaling pathway emerged to be important. Our findings show that the hub genes are involved in the aforementioned pathways for tumor growth, which calls for their downregulation. Additionally, piperlonguminine has the potential to become a successful medicine in the future for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, G.T. Road, Mandhana, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209217, India
| | - Richa Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, G.T. Road, Mandhana, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209217, India.
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Andersen S, Henden A, Staudacher H, Kennedy G, Gavin N. Fibre intake and supplementation during treatment for haematological malignancies: A scoping review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1982-1991. [PMID: 37403340 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal microbiome diversity decreases rapidly during haematological cancer treatment with low diversity associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Therefore, factors that may benefit the microbiome require evaluation. This scoping review aimed to identify and describe the available research on fibre intake and supplementation during haematological cancer treatment. METHODS This scoping review included observational studies of usual fibre intake and intervention fibre supplementation trials with patients undergoing chemotherapy, immunotherapy or stem cell transplantation for haematological malignancy. Comprehensive searching of four databases plus grey literature was conducted. Study design, type of fibre (for fibre supplementation trials) and evaluated outcomes were recorded. The review was registered on Open Science Framework and completed in three stages. There were no date restrictions in the search and only studies in English were included. RESULTS Five studies met the inclusion criteria for the review including two observational studies and three supplementation trials. No randomised control trials were identified. The interventional studies provided either a single fibre supplement (fructo-oligosaccharide) or a combination of fibres (polydextrose, lactosucrose, resistant starch or oligosaccharides plus fibre) during stem cell transplantation. The most frequently evaluated outcomes included tolerability of the fibre supplement, clinical outcomes (infection, graft versus host disease, survival) and the impact on the gastrointestinal microbiome. CONCLUSIONS Further research, including randomised controlled trials, is needed to investigate the role of fibre during haematological cancer treatment, including the pathways in which it might improve disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Andersen
- Department of Dietetics and Foodservices, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrea Henden
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Heidi Staudacher
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT Institute, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Glen Kennedy
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicole Gavin
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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Simpson RC, Shanahan ER, Scolyer RA, Long GV. Towards modulating the gut microbiota to enhance the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:697-715. [PMID: 37488231 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota modulates immune processes both locally and systemically. This includes whether and how the immune system reacts to emerging tumours, whether antitumour immune responses are reactivated during treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and whether unintended destructive immune pathologies accompany such treatment. Advances over the past decade have established that the gut microbiota is a promising target and that modulation of the microbiota might overcome resistance to ICIs and/or improve the safety of treatment. However, the specific mechanisms through which the microbiota modulates antitumour immunity remain unclear. Understanding the biology underpinning microbial associations with clinical outcomes in patients receiving ICIs, as well as the landscape of a 'healthy' microbiota would provide a critical foundation to facilitate opportunities to effectively manipulate the microbiota and thus improve patient outcomes. In this Review, we explore the role of diet and the gut microbiota in shaping immune responses during treatment with ICIs and highlight the key challenges in attempting to leverage the gut microbiome as a practical tool for the clinical management of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Simpson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erin R Shanahan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Rodenes-Gavidia A, Lamelas A, Bloor S, Hobson A, Treadway S, Haworth J, Vijayakumar V, Naghibi M, Day R, Chenoll E. An insight into the functional alterations in the gut microbiome of healthy adults in response to a multi-strain probiotic intake: a single arm open label trial. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1240267. [PMID: 37841999 PMCID: PMC10570534 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1240267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic supplements, by definition, provide a benefit to the host, but few studies have investigated the effect of probiotic supplements in healthy adult populations. Purpose The present, single arm, open label clinical trial, evaluated compositional and functional changes in the fecal microbiome of healthy adults after supplementation with a 14-strain probiotic. Methods We analysed the effect of a 14-strain probiotic blend (Bacillus subtilis NCIMB 30223, Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB 30179, B. breve NCIMB 30180, B. infantis NCIMB 30181, B. longum NCIMB 30182, Lactobacillus helveticus NCIMB 30184, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NCIMB 30186, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NCIMB 30185, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCIMB 30187, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus NCIMB 30188, L. helveticus NCIMB 30224, Lactobacillus salivarius NCIMB 30225, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCIMB 30222, and Streptococcus thermophilus NCIMB 30189), on the faecal microbiota of healthy young adults (n=41) in a single arm study. The adults consumed 4 capsules daily of the 14 strain blend(8 billion colony forming units/day) for 8 weeks. Compositional and functional changes in faecal microbiota before and after supplementation were assessed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Fasting breath analysis, faecal biochemistry and bowel habits were also assessed. Results In healthy adult participants, no significant changes to the overall alpha- or beta-diversity was observed after 8 weeks of multi-strain probiotic supplementation. However, in a simplified model that considered only time and individual differences, significant decreases (p < 0.05) in family Odoribacteraceae and Bacteroidaceae abundance and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in genus Megamonas abundance were observed. At a functional level, there were significant changes in functional gene abundance related to several functional pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism, O-antigen nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, bacterial chemotaxis, and flagellar assembly. No significant changes in stool form or frequency, fecal biochemistry, or methane and hydrogen breath tests were observed. Conclusion In healthy young adults, overall alpha- and beta-diversity did not change in response to probiotic intake even though modest compositional changes at the family and genus level were observed. However, at functional level, results identified changes in gene abundance for several functional pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodenes-Gavidia
- ADM BIOPOLIS, University of Valencia Science Park (Parc Científic de la Universitat de València), Valencia, Spain
| | - Araceli Lamelas
- ADM BIOPOLIS, University of Valencia Science Park (Parc Científic de la Universitat de València), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarah Bloor
- Functional Gut Clinic, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Hobson
- Functional Gut Clinic, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Treadway
- Functional Gut Clinic, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Malwina Naghibi
- Medical Department, ADM Health & Wellness, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Day
- Medical Department, ADM Health & Wellness, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | - Empar Chenoll
- ADM BIOPOLIS, University of Valencia Science Park (Parc Científic de la Universitat de València), Valencia, Spain
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Xu JY, Fan JX, Hu M, Zeng J. Microorganism-regulated autophagy in gastrointestinal cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16130. [PMID: 37786582 PMCID: PMC10541808 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer has always been one of the most urgent problems to be solved, and it has become a major global health issue. Microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract regulate normal physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence reveals the role of the imbalance in the microbial community during tumorigenesis. Autophagy is an important intracellular homeostatic process, where defective proteins and organelles are degraded and recycled under stress. Autophagy plays a dual role in tumors as both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Many studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in response to microbial infection. Here, we provide an overview on the regulation of the autophagy signaling pathway by microorganisms in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Xu
- Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Min Hu
- Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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50
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Zhuang YP, Zhou HL, Chen HB, Zheng MY, Liang YW, Gu YT, Li WT, Qiu WL, Zhou HG. Gut microbiota interactions with antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer: From understanding to application. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115040. [PMID: 37364479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of highly prevalent cancer. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has dramatically changed the landscape of treatment for many advanced cancers, but CRC still exhibits suboptimal response to immunotherapy. The gut microbiota can affect both anti-tumor and pro-tumor immune responses, and further modulate the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, particularly in the context of therapy with ICIs. Therefore, a deeper understanding of how the gut microbiota modulates immune responses is crucial to improve the outcomes of CRC patients receiving immunotherapy and to overcome resistance in nonresponders. The present review aims to describe the relationship between the gut microbiota, CRC, and antitumor immune responses, with a particular focus on key studies and recent findings on the effect of the gut microbiota on the antitumor immune activity. We also discuss the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influences host antitumor immune responses as well as the prospective role of intestinal flora in CRC treatment. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential and limitations of different modulation strategies for the gut microbiota are also discussed. These insights may facilitate to better comprehend the interplay between the gut microbiota and the antitumor immune responses of CRC patients and provide new research pathways to enhance immunotherapy efficacy and expand the patient population that could be benefited by immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pei Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, The First Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Li Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Bin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, The First Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Wei Liang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, The First Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Tian Gu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, The First Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Ting Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, The First Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wen-Li Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hong-Guang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, The First Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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