1
|
Wang Y, Niu B, Tian Y, Lan H, Zhou Z, Li Y, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Yang C, Kong L, Zhang Z. Mitoxantrone Combined with Engineered TRAIL-Nanovesicles for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy Via Converting Apoptosis into Pyroptosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401723. [PMID: 39049538 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death, has emerged as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. However, in the context of pyroptosis execution, while both caspase-3 and GSDME are essential, it is noteworthy that GSDME is frequently under-expressed in cold tumors. To overcome this limitation, engineered cellular nanovesicles (NVs) presenting TRAIL on their membranes (NVTRAIL) are developed to trigger the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3. When strategically combined with the chemotherapeutic agent mitoxantrone (MTO), known for its ability to enhance GSDME expression, MTO@NVTRAIL can convert cancer cells from apoptosis into pyroptosis, inhibit the tumor growth and metastasis successfully in primary tumor. The microparticles released by pyroptotic tumor cells also exhibited certain cytotoxicity against other tumor cells. In addition, tumor cells exposed to the combination treatment of MTO@NVTRAIL in vitro have also demonstrated potential utility as a novel form of vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. Flow analysis of the tumor microenvironment and draining lymph nodes reveals an increased proportion of matured dendritic cells and activation of T cells. In summary, the research provided a reference and alternative approach to induce cancer pyroptosis for clinical antitumor therapy based on engineered cellular nanovesicles and chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Boning Niu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yinmei Tian
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongbing Lan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhanhao Zhou
- Liyuan Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Yang Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Conglian Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Kong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Novel Drug Delivery System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Novel Drug Delivery System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elnegris HM, Abdelrahman AA, El-Roghy ES. The potential therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on ileum injury of a rat sepsis model (histological and immunohistochemical study). Ultrastruct Pathol 2024; 48:274-296. [PMID: 38946300 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2024.2368011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis denotes a serious high mortality concern. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (MSC-exosomes) on the evolution of the animal model of sepsis. In this study, 36 rats were distributed into three groups, (I) controls, (II) LPS-treated, and (III) LPS+MSC-EVs. Sepsis was simulated by administering E. coli-LPS to the laboratory animals. Group III was given MSC-exosomes four hours after the LPS injection. Forty-eight hours later rats were sacrificed. Ileum samples were excised, and processed for the histological assessment, immunohistochemical identification of CD44, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Ileum homogenate was used to estimate tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) besides Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2). PCR was used for the detection of interleukin 1α (IL‑1α), and interleukin 17 (IL‑17). Statistical and morphometrical analysis was done. The LPS-treated group showed increased TNF-α, IL‑1α, IL‑17, and decreased COX 2. LPS administration led to cytoplasmic vacuolization of enterocytes, an increase in the vasculature, and cellular infiltrations invaded the lamina propria. There was a significant rise in goblet cells and the proportion of collagen fibers. Ultrastructurally, the enterocytes displayed nuclear irregularity, rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) dilatation, and increased mitochondria number. Sepsis induces a significant increase in iNOS and a decrease in CD44 immune expressions. LPS+MSC-EVs group restored normal ileum structure and revealed a significant elevation in CD44 and a reduction in iNOS immunoreactions. LPS-sepsis induced an obvious ileum inflammatory deterioration ameliorated by MSC-exosomes, mostly through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Elnegris
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Abdelrahman
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman S El-Roghy
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin el Kom, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wardhani K, Levina A, Grau GER, Lay PA. Fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic resonance contrast and radioactive tracer labelling of extracellular vesicles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6779-6829. [PMID: 38828885 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00238h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This review focusses on the significance of fluorescent, phosphorescent labelling and tracking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for unravelling their biology, pathophysiology, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Various labeling strategies, such as lipid membrane, surface protein, luminal, nucleic acid, radionuclide, quantum dot labels, and metal complex-based stains, are evaluated for visualizing and characterizing EVs. Direct labelling with fluorescent lipophilic dyes is simple but generally lacks specificity, while surface protein labelling offers selectivity but may affect EV-cell interactions. Luminal and nucleic acid labelling strategies have their own advantages and challenges. Each labelling approach has strengths and weaknesses, which require a suitable probe and technique based on research goals, but new tetranuclear polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes as phosphorescent probes have strong phosphorescence, selective staining, and stability. Future research should prioritize the design of novel fluorescent probes and labelling platforms that can significantly enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and specificity of EV labeling, while preserving their composition and functionality. It is crucial to reduce false positive signals and explore the potential of multimodal imaging techniques to gain comprehensive insights into EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Wardhani
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology (B-TEK) Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Georges E R Grau
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Vascular Immunology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wardhani K, Levina A, Sun B, Zou H, Grau GER, Keene FR, Collins JG, Lay PA. Tetranuclear Polypyridylruthenium(II) Complexes as Selective Nucleic Acid Stains for Flow Cytometric Analysis of Monocytic and Epithelial Lung Carcinoma Large Extracellular Vesicles. Biomolecules 2024; 14:664. [PMID: 38927067 PMCID: PMC11202172 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective staining of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a major challenge for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Herein, the EV labeling properties of a new class of tetranuclear polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes, Rubb7-TNL and Rubb7-TL, as phosphorescent stains are described. These new stains have many advantages over standard stains to detect and characterize EVs, including: high specificity for EV staining versus cell staining; high phosphorescence yields; photostability; and a lack of leaching from EVs until incorporation with target cells. As an example of their utility, large EVs released from control (basal) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells were studied as a model of immune system EVs released during bacterial infection. Key findings from EV staining combined with flow cytometry were as follows: (i) LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells generated significantly larger and more numerous large EVs, as compared with those from unstimulated cells; (ii) EVs retained native EV physical properties after staining; and (iii) the new stains selectively differentiated intact large EVs from artificial liposomes, which are models of cell membrane fragments or other lipid-containing debris, as well as distinguished two distinct subpopulations of monocytic EVs within the same experiment, as a result of biochemical differences between unstimulated and LPS-stimulated monocytes. Comparatively, the staining patterns of A549 epithelial lung carcinoma-derived EVs closely resembled those of THP-1 cell line-derived EVs, which highlighted similarities in their selective staining despite their distinct cellular origins. This is consistent with the hypothesis that these new phosphorescent stains target RNA within the EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Wardhani
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.W.); (H.Z.)
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology (B-TEK) Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Biyun Sun
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Haipei Zou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Georges E. R. Grau
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Vascular Immunology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - F. Richard Keene
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry, and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine/Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - J. Grant Collins
- School of Science, The University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT 2612, Australia;
| | - Peter A. Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.W.); (H.Z.)
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng CA. Before Translating Extracellular Vesicles into Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics: What We Could Do. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2625-2636. [PMID: 38771015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) research is rapidly advancing from fundamental science to translational applications in EV-based personalized therapeutics and diagnostics. Yet, fundamental questions persist regarding EV biology and mechanisms, particularly concerning the heterogeneous interactions between EVs and cells. While we have made strides in understanding virus delivery and intracellular vesicle transport, our comprehension of EV trafficking remains limited. EVs are believed to mediate intercellular communication through cargo transfer, but uncertainties persist regarding the occurrence and quantification of EV-cargo delivery within acceptor cells. This ambiguity is crucial to address, given the significant translational impact of EVs on therapeutics and diagnostics. This perspective article does not seek to provide exhaustive recommendations and guidance on EV-related studies, as these are well-articulated in position papers and statements by the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), including the 'Minimum Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles' (MISEV) 2014, MISEV2018, and the recent MISEV2023. Instead, recognizing the multilayered heterogeneity of EVs as both a challenge and an opportunity, this perspective emphasizes novel approaches to facilitate our understanding of diverse EV biology, address uncertainties, and leverage this knowledge to advance EV-based personalized diagnostics and therapeutics. Specifically, this perspective synthesizes current insights, identifies opportunities, and highlights exciting technological advancements in ultrasensitive single EV or "digital" profiling developed within the author's multidisciplinary group. These newly developed technologies address technical gaps in dissecting the molecular contents of EV subsets, contributing to the evolution of EVs as next-generation liquid biopsies for diagnostics and providing better quality control for EV-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-An Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu QY, Xiong XP, Xia HF, Liu XC, Yu ZL, Liu KW, Zeng J, Sun YF, Jia J, Chen G. Spatiotemporal characteristics of tissue derived small extracellular vesicles is associated with tumor relapse and anti-PD-1 response. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216897. [PMID: 38631664 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) residing at tumor tissues are valuable specimens for biopsy. Tumor heterogeneity is common across all cancer types, but the heterogeneity of tumor tissue-derived sEVs (Ti-sEVs) is undefined. This study aims to discover the spatial distributions of Ti-sEVs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and explore how these vesicle distributions affect the patients' prognosis. Multi-regional sampling enabled us to uncover that Ti-sEVs' accumulation at peritumoral sites correlates with a higher disease-free survival rate, and conversely, sparse peritumoral Ti-sEVs tend to forecast a higher risk of relapse. Of those relapsed patients, Ti-sEVs strongly bind to extracellular matrix and subsequently degrade it for allowing themselves enter the bloodstream rather than staying in situ. In advanced OSCC patients, the quantity and spatial distribution of Ti-sEVs prior to anti-PD-1 treatment, as well as the temporal variance of Ti-sEVs before and after immunotherapy, strongly map the clinical response and can help to distinguish the patients with shrinking tumors from those with growing tumors. Our work elucidates the correlation of spatiotemporal features of Ti-sEVs with patients' therapeutic outcomes and exhibit the potential for using Ti-sEVs as a predictor to forecast prognosis and screen the responders to anti-PD-1 therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Xue-Peng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hou-Fu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xing-Chi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Zi-Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Kai-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Yan-Fang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liang R, Lu H, Zhu H, Liang G, Zhang J, Gao J, Tian T. Radiation-primed TGF-β trapping by engineered extracellular vesicles for targeted glioblastoma therapy. J Control Release 2024; 370:821-834. [PMID: 38740092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The poor outcome of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with immunotherapy is attributed to the profound immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of effective delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Radiation therapy (RT) induces an immunogenic antitumor response that is counteracted by evasive mechanisms, among which transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activation is the most prominent factor. We report an extracellular vesicle (EV)-based nanotherapeutic that traps TGF-β by expressing the extracellular domain of the TGF-β type II receptor and targets GBM by decorating the EV surface with RGD peptide. We show that short-burst radiation dramatically enhanced the targeting efficiency of RGD peptide-conjugated EVs to GBM, while the displayed TGF-β trap reversed radiation-stimulated TGF-β activation in the TME, offering a synergistic effect in the murine GBM model. The combined therapy significantly increased CD8+ cytotoxic T cells infiltration and M1/M2 macrophage ratio, resulting in the regression of tumor growth and prolongation of overall survival. These results provide an EV-based therapeutic strategy for immune remodeling of the GBM TME and eradication of therapy-resistant tumors, further supporting its clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyu Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Funing People's Hospital, Funing 224400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Funing People's Hospital, Funing 224400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- School of Basic Medicineand Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smith SF, Brewer DS, Hurst R, Cooper CS. Applications of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in the Diagnosis and Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1717. [PMID: 38730670 PMCID: PMC11083542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer among men in the UK, causing significant health and economic burdens. Diagnosis and risk prognostication can be challenging due to the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of prostate cancer as well as uncertainties in our knowledge of the underlying biology and natural history of disease development. Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) are microscopic, lipid bilayer defined particles released by cells that carry a variety of molecular cargoes including nucleic acids, proteins and other molecules. Urine is a plentiful source of prostate-derived EVs. In this narrative review, we summarise the evidence on the function of urinary EVs and their applications in the evolving field of prostate cancer diagnostics and active surveillance. EVs are implicated in the development of all hallmarks of prostate cancer, and this knowledge has been applied to the development of multiple diagnostic tests, which are largely based on RNA and miRNA. Common gene probes included in multi-probe tests include PCA3 and ERG, and the miRNAs miR-21 and miR-141. The next decade will likely bring further improvements in the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers as well as insights into molecular biological mechanisms of action that can be translated into opportunities in precision uro-oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F. Smith
- Metabolic Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK (C.S.C.)
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Daniel S. Brewer
- Metabolic Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK (C.S.C.)
| | - Rachel Hurst
- Metabolic Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK (C.S.C.)
| | - Colin S. Cooper
- Metabolic Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK (C.S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goldbloom-Helzner L, Bains H, Wang A. Approaches to Characterize and Quantify Extracellular Vesicle Surface Conjugation Efficiency. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:511. [PMID: 38672781 PMCID: PMC11051464 DOI: 10.3390/life14040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-secreted nanovesicles that play an important role in long-range cell-cell communication. Although EVs pose a promising alternative to cell-based therapy, targeted in vivo delivery still falls short. Many studies have explored the surface modification of EVs to enhance their targeting capabilities. However, to our knowledge, there are no standardized practices to confirm the successful surface modification of EVs or calculate the degree of conjugation on EV surfaces (conjugation efficiency). These pieces of information are essential in the reproducibility of targeted EV therapeutics and the determination of optimized conjugation conditions for EVs to see significant therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo. This review will discuss the vast array of techniques adopted, technologies developed, and efficiency definitions made by studies that have calculated EV/nanoparticle surface conjugation efficiency and how differences between studies may contribute to differently reported conjugation efficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leora Goldbloom-Helzner
- Center for Surgical Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Harjn Bains
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aijun Wang
- Center for Surgical Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dellar ER, Hill C, Carter DRF, Baena‐Lopez LA. Oxidative stress-induced changes in the transcriptomic profile of extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e150. [PMID: 38938847 PMCID: PMC11080704 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed to play dual roles in cellular homeostasis, functioning both to remove unwanted intracellular molecules, and to enable communication between cells as a means of modulating cellular responses in different physiological and pathological scenarios. EVs contain a broad range of cargoes, including multiple biotypes of RNA, which can vary depending on the cell status, and may function as signalling molecules. In this study, we carried out comparative transcriptomic analysis of Drosophila EVs and cells, demonstrating that the RNA profile of EVs is distinct from cells and shows dose-dependent changes in response to oxidative stress. We identified a high abundance of snoRNAs in EVs, alongside an enrichment of intronic and untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs under stress. We also observed an increase in the relative abundance of either aberrant or modified mRNAs under stress. These findings suggest that EVs may function both for the elimination of specific cellular RNAs, and for the incorporation of RNAs that may hold signalling potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Dellar
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Claire Hill
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Centre for Public HealthQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David R. F. Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
- Evox Therapeutics LimitedOxford Science ParkOxfordUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boudna M, Campos AD, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Machackova T, Slaby O, Souckova K. Strategies for labelling of exogenous and endogenous extracellular vesicles and their application for in vitro and in vivo functional studies. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:171. [PMID: 38461237 PMCID: PMC10924393 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of labelling strategies for endogenous and exogenous extracellular vesicles, that can be utilised both in vitro and in vivo. It covers a broad spectrum of approaches, including fluorescent and bioluminescent labelling, and provides an analysis of their applications, strengths, and limitations. Furthermore, this article presents techniques that use radioactive tracers and contrast agents with the ability to track EVs both spatially and temporally. Emphasis is also placed on endogenous labelling mechanisms, represented by Cre-lox and CRISPR-Cas systems, which are powerful and flexible tools for real-time EV monitoring or tracking their fate in target cells. By summarizing the latest developments across these diverse labelling techniques, this review provides researchers with a reference to select the most appropriate labelling method for their EV based research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Boudna
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andres Delgado Campos
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tana Machackova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamila Souckova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nguyen KT, Rima XY, Hisey CL, Doon-Ralls J, Nagaraj CK, Reátegui E. Limiting Brownian Motion to Enhance Immunogold Phenotyping and Superimpose Optical and Non-Optical Single-EP Analyses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.22.581663. [PMID: 38464234 PMCID: PMC10925179 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.22.581663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Optical and non-optical techniques propelled the field of single extracellular particle (EP) research through phenotypic and morphological analyses, revealing the similarities, differences, and co-isolation of EP subpopulations. Overcoming the challenges of optical and non-optical techniques motivates the use of orthogonal techniques while analyzing extracellular particles (EPs), which require varying concentrations and preparations. Herein, we introduce the nano-positioning matrix (NPMx) technique capable of superimposing optical and non-optical modalities for a single-EP orthogonal analysis. The NPMx technique is realized by ultraviolet-mediated micropatterning to reduce the stochasticity of Brownian motion. While providing a systematic orthogonal measurement of a single EP via total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the NPMx technique is compatible with low-yield samples and can be utilized for non-biased electrostatic capture and enhanced positive immunogold sorting. The success of the NPMx technique thus provides a novel platform by marrying already trusted optical and non-optical techniques at a single-EP resolution.
Collapse
|
13
|
Schweiger MW, Amoozgar Z, Repiton P, Morris R, Maksoud S, Hla M, Zaniewski E, Noske DP, Haas W, Breyne K, Tannous BA. Glioblastoma extracellular vesicles modulate immune PD-L1 expression in accessory macrophages upon radiotherapy. iScience 2024; 27:108807. [PMID: 38303726 PMCID: PMC10831876 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor, presenting major challenges due to limited treatment options. Standard care includes radiation therapy (RT) to curb tumor growth and alleviate symptoms, but its impact on GBM is limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of RT on immune suppression and whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from GBM and taken up by the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to the induced therapeutic resistance. We observed that (1) ionizing radiation increases immune-suppressive markers on GBM cells, (2) macrophages exacerbate immune suppression in the TME by increasing PD-L1 in response to EVs derived from GBM cells which is further modulated by RT, and (3) RT increases CD206-positive macrophages which have the most potential in inducing a pro-oncogenic environment due to their increased uptake of tumor-derived EVs. In conclusion, RT affects GBM resistance by immuno-modulating EVs taken up by myeloid cells in the TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus W. Schweiger
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center and Liquid Biopsy Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pierre Repiton
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert Morris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Semer Maksoud
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michael Hla
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eric Zaniewski
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - David P. Noske
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center and Liquid Biopsy Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Koen Breyne
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Welsh JA, Goberdhan DCI, O'Driscoll L, Buzas EI, Blenkiron C, Bussolati B, Cai H, Di Vizio D, Driedonks TAP, Erdbrügger U, Falcon‐Perez JM, Fu Q, Hill AF, Lenassi M, Lim SK, Mahoney MG, Mohanty S, Möller A, Nieuwland R, Ochiya T, Sahoo S, Torrecilhas AC, Zheng L, Zijlstra A, Abuelreich S, Bagabas R, Bergese P, Bridges EM, Brucale M, Burger D, Carney RP, Cocucci E, Colombo F, Crescitelli R, Hanser E, Harris AL, Haughey NJ, Hendrix A, Ivanov AR, Jovanovic‐Talisman T, Kruh‐Garcia NA, Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino V, Kyburz D, Lässer C, Lennon KM, Lötvall J, Maddox AL, Martens‐Uzunova ES, Mizenko RR, Newman LA, Ridolfi A, Rohde E, Rojalin T, Rowland A, Saftics A, Sandau US, Saugstad JA, Shekari F, Swift S, Ter‐Ovanesyan D, Tosar JP, Useckaite Z, Valle F, Varga Z, van der Pol E, van Herwijnen MJC, Wauben MHM, Wehman AM, Williams S, Zendrini A, Zimmerman AJ, MISEV Consortium, Théry C, Witwer KW. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12404. [PMID: 38326288 PMCID: PMC10850029 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of PathologyNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Deborah C. I. Goberdhan
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthUniversity of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Edit I. Buzas
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HCEMM‐SU Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tom A. P. Driedonks
- Department CDL ResearchUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- University of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Juan M. Falcon‐Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Qing‐Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Paracrine Therapeutics Pte. Ltd.SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, YLL School of MedicineNational University SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mỹ G. Mahoney
- Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell FacilityAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong S.A.R.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Susmita Sahoo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ana C. Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Campus DiademaDiademaBrazil
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of PathologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- GenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah Abuelreich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Reem Bagabas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
- National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA TechnologyPaduaItaly
| | - Esther M. Bridges
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research CentreOttawa Hopsital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emanuele Cocucci
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Federico Colombo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Edveena Hanser
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Norman J. Haughey
- Departments of Neurology and PsychiatryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic‐Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole A. Kruh‐Garcia
- Bio‐pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Academic Resource Center (BioMARC)Infectious Disease Research Center, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Vroniqa Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of RheumatologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionInstitute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Adam L. Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elena S. Martens‐Uzunova
- Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of UrologyRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rachel R. Mizenko
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lauren A. Newman
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrea Ridolfi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB AmsterdamVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Rohde
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University HospitalSalzburger Landeskliniken GmbH of Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- GMP Unit, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies, EV‐TTSalzburgAustria
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Expansion Therapeutics, Structural Biology and BiophysicsJupiterFloridaUSA
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ursula S. Sandau
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Julie A. Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Celer DiagnosticsTorontoCanada
| | - Simon Swift
- Waipapa Taumata Rau University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Dmitry Ter‐Ovanesyan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Juan P. Tosar
- Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
- Institut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Zivile Useckaite
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Biological Nanochemistry Research GroupInstitute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marca H. M. Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Alan J. Zimmerman
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932PSL UniversityParisFrance
- CurieCoreTech Extracellular Vesicles, Institut CurieParisFrance
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- EV Core Facility “EXCEL”, Institute for Basic Biomedical SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mattera V, Occhiuzzi F, Correale J, Pasquini JM. Remyelinating effect driven by transferrin-loaded extracellular vesicles. Glia 2024; 72:338-361. [PMID: 37860913 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in diverse cellular functions, playing a significant role in cell-to-cell communication in both physiological conditions and pathological scenarios. Therefore, EVs represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelinating glial cells developed from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and damaged in chronic demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Glycoprotein transferrin (Tf) plays a critical role in iron homeostasis and has pro-differentiating effects on OLs in vivo and in vitro. In the current work, we evaluated the use of EVs as transporters of Tf to the central nervous system (CNS) through the intranasal (IN) route. For the in vitro mechanistic studies, we used rat plasma EVs. Our results show that EVTf enter OPCs through clathrin-caveolae and cholesterol-rich lipid raft endocytic pathways, releasing the cargo and exerting a pro-maturation effect on OPCs. These effects were also observed in vivo using the animal model of demyelination induced by cuprizone (CPZ). In this model, IN administered Tf-loaded EVs isolated from mouse plasma reached the brain parenchyma, internalizing into OPCs, promoting their differentiation, and accelerating remyelination. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that EVs protected the Tf cargo and significantly reduced the amount of Tf required to induce remyelination as compared to soluble Tf. Collectively, these findings unveil EVs as functional nanocarriers of Tf to induce remyelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Mattera
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Occhiuzzi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Correale
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Neurología, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juana M Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu L, Zeng X, Hu X, Wen Q, Chen P. Advances and challenges in clinical applications of tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113704. [PMID: 38113751 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of substances that feature vesicle-like structures. Initially deemed to be "biological waste", recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of EVs in mediating information communication between cells by transporting bioactive components. Specifically, tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) contain components that can be utilized for disease diagnosis and as vaccines to activate the immune system. Moreover, since TEVs have a phospholipid bilayer shell and can transport exogenous substances, they are being increasingly explored as drug delivery vehicles in anti-tumor therapy. TEVs have proven highly compatible with their corresponding tumor cells, allowing for efficient drug delivery and exerting killing effects on tumor cells through various mechanisms such as domino effects, lysosomal pathways, and inhibition of drug efflux from tumor tissues. Despite these promising developments, challenges remain in the clinical applications of EVs derived from tumor cells. This paper outlines the current advances and limitations in this field, highlighting the potential of TEVs as a powerful tool for combating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaonan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ahmad N, Samoylenko A, Abene I, Abdelrady E, Zhyvolozhnyi A, Makieieva O, Bart G, Skovorodkin I, Vainio SJ. Generation of novel in vitro flexible kidney organoid model to investigate the role of extracellular vesicles in induction of nephrogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:358. [PMID: 38110951 PMCID: PMC10726558 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During kidney organogenesis, metanephric mesenchyme (MM) and ureteric bud (UB) interact reciprocally to form nephrons. Signaling stimuli involved in these interactions include Wnts, growth factors and nano/micro particles. How UB and MM are interacting is not completely understood. Our study investigated the signaling and communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) during nephrogenesis. Embryonic day (E) 11.5 mouse kidney UB and MM produce very low number of primary cells that have limited ability for proliferation in culture. Such limitations obstruct studying the role of EVs in induction of nephrogenesis. These issues necessitate to generate a nephrogenesis model allowing to study the comprehensive role of EVs during nephrogenesis. RESULTS Our study generated a UB derived cell line-based in vitro flexible model of nephrogenesis allowing expandable cell culturing, in addition to performing characterization, tracking and blocking of EVs. UB cell line aggregation with E11.5 MM cells induced the formation of segmented nephrons. Most efficient nephrogenesis was obtained by the co-culturing of 30,000 cells of UB cell line with 50,000 MM cells. Results revealed that both the UB and the MM secrete EVs during nephrogenesis. UB cell line derived EVs were characterized by their size, morphology and expression of markers (CD63, TSG101, CD9 and CD81). Furthermore, proteomics data of UB cell line-derived EVs revealed large number of proteins involved in nephrogenesis-related signaling pathways. Palmitoylated GFP-tagged EVs from UB cell line were found in the nephron formation zone in the developing kidney organoid. UB cell line derived EVs did not induce nephrogenesis in MM cells but significantly contributed to the survival and nephrogenesis-competency of MM cells. The secretion of EVs was continuously inhibited during the ongoing nephrogenesis by the knockdown of RalA and RalB gene expression using short hairpin RNAs. This inhibition partially impaired the ability of UB cell line to induce nephrogenesis. Moreover, impaired nephrogenesis was partially rescued by the addition of EVs. CONCLUSION Our study established a novel in vitro flexible model of nephrogenesis that solved the limitations of primary embryonic kidney cells and mouse embryonic stem cell kidney organoids for the EV research. EVs were found to be an integral part of nephrogenesis process. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Anatoliy Samoylenko
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ichrak Abene
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eslam Abdelrady
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Artem Zhyvolozhnyi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olha Makieieva
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Geneviève Bart
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilya Skovorodkin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
- Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Flagship GeneCellNano, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
- Kvantum Institute, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kovács KD, Visnovitz T, Gerecsei T, Peter B, Kurunczi S, Koncz A, Németh K, Lenzinger D, Vukman KV, Balogh A, Rajmon I, Lőrincz P, Székács I, Buzás EI, Horvath R. Nanoinjection of extracellular vesicles to single live cells by robotic fluidic force microscopy. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12388. [PMID: 38032323 PMCID: PMC10688506 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted substantial interest in biomedicine. With progress in the field, we have an increasing understanding of cellular responses to EVs. In this Technical Report, we describe the direct nanoinjection of EVs into the cytoplasm of single cells of different cell lines. By using robotic fluidic force microscopy (robotic FluidFM), nanoinjection of GFP positive EVs and EV-like particles into single live HeLa, H9c2, MDA-MB-231 and LCLC-103H cells proved to be feasible. This injection platform offered the advantage of high cell selectivity and efficiency. The nanoinjected EVs were initially localized in concentrated spot-like regions within the cytoplasm. Later, they were transported towards the periphery of the cells. Based on our proof-of-principle data, robotic FluidFM is suitable for targeting single living cells by EVs and may lead to information about intracellular EV cargo delivery at a single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Dóra Kovács
- Nanobiosensorics LaboratoryInstitute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, HUN‐REN Centre for Energy ResearchBudapestHungary
- Department of Biological PhysicsEötvös UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant BiologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Tamás Gerecsei
- Nanobiosensorics LaboratoryInstitute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, HUN‐REN Centre for Energy ResearchBudapestHungary
| | - Beatrix Peter
- Nanobiosensorics LaboratoryInstitute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, HUN‐REN Centre for Energy ResearchBudapestHungary
| | - Sándor Kurunczi
- Nanobiosensorics LaboratoryInstitute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, HUN‐REN Centre for Energy ResearchBudapestHungary
| | - Anna Koncz
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupBudapestHungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupBudapestHungary
| | - Dorina Lenzinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Krisztina V. Vukman
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Anna Balogh
- Nanobiosensorics LaboratoryInstitute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, HUN‐REN Centre for Energy ResearchBudapestHungary
| | - Imola Rajmon
- Nanobiosensorics LaboratoryInstitute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, HUN‐REN Centre for Energy ResearchBudapestHungary
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental BiologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Inna Székács
- Nanobiosensorics LaboratoryInstitute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, HUN‐REN Centre for Energy ResearchBudapestHungary
| | - Edit I. Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupBudapestHungary
- HCEMM‐SU Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupBudapestHungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics LaboratoryInstitute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, HUN‐REN Centre for Energy ResearchBudapestHungary
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barreca V, Boussadia Z, Polignano D, Galli L, Tirelli V, Sanchez M, Falchi M, Bertuccini L, Iosi F, Tatti M, Sargiacomo M, Fiani ML. Metabolic labelling of a subpopulation of small extracellular vesicles using a fluorescent palmitic acid analogue. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12392. [PMID: 38072803 PMCID: PMC10710952 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are among the most puzzling vehicles of intercellular communication, but several crucial aspects of their biogenesis remain elusive, primarily due to the difficulty in purifying vesicles with similar sizes and densities. Here we report an effective methodology for labelling small extracellular vesicles (sEV) using Bodipy FL C16, a fluorescent palmitic acid analogue. In this study, we present compelling evidence that the fluorescent sEV population derived from Bodipy C16-labelled cells represents a discrete subpopulation of small exosomes following an intracellular pathway. Rapid cellular uptake and metabolism of Bodipy C16 resulted in the incorporation of fluorescent phospholipids into intracellular organelles specifically excluding the plasma membrane and ultimately becoming part of the exosomal membrane. Importantly, our fluorescence labelling method facilitated accurate quantification and characterization of exosomes, overcoming the limitations of nonspecific dye incorporation into heterogeneous vesicle populations. The characterization of Bodipy-labelled exosomes reveals their enrichment in tetraspanin markers, particularly CD63 and CD81, and in minor proportion CD9. Moreover, we employed nanoFACS sorting and electron microscopy to confirm the exosomal nature of Bodipy-labelled vesicles. This innovative metabolic labelling approach, based on the fate of a fatty acid, offers new avenues for investigating exosome biogenesis and functional properties in various physiological and pathological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barreca
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | - Deborah Polignano
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | - Lorenzo Galli
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS CenterIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Massimo Tatti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | - Maria Luisa Fiani
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jimenez L, Barman B, Jung YJ, Cocozza L, Krystofiak E, Saffold C, Vickers KC, Wilson JT, Dawson TR, Weaver AM. Culture conditions greatly impact the levels of vesicular and extravesicular Ago2 and RNA in extracellular vesicle preparations. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12366. [PMID: 37885043 PMCID: PMC10603024 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-carried miRNAs can influence gene expression and functional phenotypes in recipient cells. Argonaute 2 (Ago2) is a key miRNA-binding protein that has been identified in EVs and could influence RNA silencing. However, Ago2 is in a non-vesicular form in serum and can be an EV contaminant. In addition, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including Ago2, and RNAs are often minor EV components whose sorting into EVs may be regulated by cell signaling state. To determine the conditions that influence detection of RBPs and RNAs in EVs, we evaluated the effect of growth factors, oncogene signaling, serum, and cell density on the vesicular and nonvesicular content of Ago2, other RBPs, and RNA in small EV (SEV) preparations. Media components affected both the intravesicular and extravesicular levels of RBPs and miRNAs in EVs, with serum contributing strongly to extravesicular miRNA contamination. Furthermore, isolation of EVs from hollow fiber bioreactors revealed complex preparations, with multiple EV-containing peaks and a large amount of extravesicular Ago2/RBPs. Finally, KRAS mutation impacts the detection of intra- and extra-vesicular Ago2. These data indicate that multiple cell culture conditions and cell states impact the presence of RBPs in EV preparations, some of which can be attributed to serum contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizandra Jimenez
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Bahnisikha Barman
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Youn Jae Jung
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringVanderbilt University School of EngineeringNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Lauren Cocozza
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Cell Imaging Shared Resource EM FacilityVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Cherie Saffold
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt UniversityMedical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - John T. Wilson
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringVanderbilt University School of EngineeringNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - T. Renee Dawson
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Alissa M. Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang L, Qiao S, Xia R, Liu Y, Hu Y, Wu Y, Zhou J, Liang G, Tian T, Cao L. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived magnetic nanovesicles for enhanced skin retention and hair follicle growth. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1176-1185. [PMID: 37516947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Extracellular vesicles and exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising to promote hair growth. However, short local skin retention after subcutaneous administration hinders their clinical applications. METHODS In this study, we prepared magnetic nanovesicles (MNVs) from iron oxide nanoparticle-incorporated MSCs. MNVs contained more therapeutic growth factors than NVs derived from naive MSCs, and their localization and internalization were manipulated by external magnetic field. RESULTS Following the subcutaneous injection of MNVs into a mouse model of depilation-induced hair regeneration, the magnetic attraction increased their skin retention. Then, the cellular proliferation and β-catenin signaling in hair follicles (HF) were markedly enhanced by MNV injection and magnetic field application. Furthermore, an acceleration of HF growth was revealed by histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS The proposed strategy can enhance the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived NVs for hair regeneration and other dermatological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuya Qiao
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rushan Xia
- Department of Dermatology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifei Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhao Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Russell AC, Bush P, Grigorean G, Kyle DE. Characterization of the extracellular vesicles, ultrastructural morphology, and intercellular interactions of multiple clinical isolates of the brain-eating amoeba, Naegleria fowleri. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1264348. [PMID: 37808283 PMCID: PMC10558758 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As global temperatures rise to unprecedented historic levels, so too do the latitudes of habitable niches for the pathogenic free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri. This opportunistic parasite causes a rare, but >97% fatal, neurological infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Despite its lethality, this parasite remains one of the most neglected and understudied parasitic protozoans. Methods To better understand amoeboid intercellular communication, we elucidate the structure, proteome, and potential secretion mechanisms of amoeba-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are membrane-bound communication apparatuses that relay messages and can be used as biomarkers for diagnostics in various diseases. Results and Discussion Herein we propose that N. fowleri secretes EVs in clusters from the plasma membrane, from multivesicular bodies, and via beading of thin filaments extruding from the membrane. Uptake assays demonstrate that EVs are taken up by other amoebae and mammalian cells, and we observed a real-time increase in metabolic activity for mammalian cells exposed to EVs from amoebae. Proteomic analysis revealed >2,000 proteins within the N. fowleri-secreted EVs, providing targets for the development of diagnostics or therapeutics. Our work expands the knowledge of intercellular interactions among these amoebae and subsequently deepens the understanding of the mechanistic basis of PAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cassiopeia Russell
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Peter Bush
- School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Gabriela Grigorean
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dennis E. Kyle
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sabatke B, Rossi IV, Sana A, Bonato LB, Ramirez MI. Extracellular vesicles biogenesis and uptake concepts: A comprehensive guide to studying host-pathogen communication. Mol Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37758682 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The study of host-pathogen interactions has increased considerably in recent decades. This intercellular communication has been mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) that play an important role during the interaction. EVs are particles of lipid bilayer and described in different types of cells, eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Depending on their biogenesis they are described as exosomes (derived from multivesicular bodies) and microvesicles (derived from the plasma membrane). The EVs carry biomolecules, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins that can be released or internalized by other cells in different pathways (endocytosis, macropinocytosis, phagocytosis, or membrane fusion) in the process described as uptake. The balance between biogenesis and uptake of EVs could modify physiological and pathophysiological processes of the cell. This review is focusing on the dynamic roles of release and capture of EVs during host-pathogen interaction. We also do a critical analysis of methodologies for obtaining and analyzing EVs. Finally, we draw attention to critical points to be considered in EV biogenesis and uptake studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Sabatke
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- EVAHPI - Extracellular Vesicles and Host-Parasite Interactions Research Group, Carlos Chagas Institute (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Izadora Volpato Rossi
- EVAHPI - Extracellular Vesicles and Host-Parasite Interactions Research Group, Carlos Chagas Institute (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Abel Sana
- EVAHPI - Extracellular Vesicles and Host-Parasite Interactions Research Group, Carlos Chagas Institute (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leticia Bassani Bonato
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- EVAHPI - Extracellular Vesicles and Host-Parasite Interactions Research Group, Carlos Chagas Institute (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcel I Ramirez
- EVAHPI - Extracellular Vesicles and Host-Parasite Interactions Research Group, Carlos Chagas Institute (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu D, Mei Y, Wang L, Zhao Y, Fan X, Liang D, Li L, Zhu J, Bi S, Wang X, Qi Z, Zhu L, Wang Y. Nano-seq analysis reveals different functional tendency between exosomes and microvesicles derived from hUMSC. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:272. [PMID: 37749641 PMCID: PMC10521478 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) are widely considered to be the best mediators for cell-free therapy. An understanding of their composition, especially RNA, is particularly important for the safe and precise application of EVs. Up to date, the knowledge of their RNA components is limited to NGS sequencing and cannot provide a comprehensive transcriptomic landscape, especially the long and full-length transcripts. Our study first focused on the transcriptomic profile of hUMSC-EVs based on nanopore sequencing. METHODS In this study, different EV subtypes (exosomes and microvesicles) derived from hUMSCs were isolated and identified by density gradient centrifugation. Subsequently, the realistic long transcriptomic profile in different subtypes of hUMSC-EVs was systematically compared by nanopore sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS Abundant transcript variants were identified in EVs by nanopore sequencing, 69.34% of which transcripts were fragmented. A series of full-length and long transcripts was also observed and showed a significantly higher proportion of intact or near-complete transcripts in exosomes than that in microvesicles derived from hUMSCs. Although the composition of RNA biotypes transported by different EV subtypes was similar, the distribution of transcripts and genes revealed the inter-heterogeneity and intra-stability between exosomes and microvesicles. Further, 85 different expressed transcripts (56 genes) and 7 fusion genes were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that upregulated-expressed genes in microvesicles were mainly enriched in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, while upregulated-expressed genes in exosomes were mainly enriched in neutrophil extracellular trap formation, suggesting different functional tendencies of EV subtypes. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a novel understanding of different types of hUMSC-EVs, which not only suggests different transcriptome sorting mechanisms between exosomes and microvesicles, but also shows that different EV subtypes from the same source have different physiological functions, suggesting distinct clinical application prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu
- Department of Precision Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Mei
- Department of Precision Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medicine Collage, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfei Fan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medicine Collage, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medicine Collage, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Bi
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lie Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medicine Collage, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen Y, Shi Y, Tao Z. Fluorescence Tracking of Small Extracellular Vesicles In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2297. [PMID: 37765266 PMCID: PMC10534450 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we employed organic and inorganic dyes that have fluorescence under visible or near-infrared light region to stain human umbilical cord (Huc) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-, HEK293T cell- and HGC cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), and then tracked their fluorescence signals in human gastric cancer xenografted murine models. Several biological characteristics were examined and compared when different dye-stained sEVs in the same tumor model or the same dye-stained sEVs between different tumor models were applied, including sEVs circulation in the blood, biodistribution of sEVs in major organs, and time-dependent tumor accumulation of sEVs. The results demonstrated that distinct tumor accumulation features were presented by sEVs if labeled by different fluorescent dyes, while sEVs derived from different cell lines showed homologous blood circulation and tumor accumulation. To conclude, although fluorescence imaging remains a reliable way to trace sEVs, single staining of sEVs membrane should be obviated in future work when examining the biological fate of sEVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhimin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu J, Cui L, Wang J, Zheng S, Zhang H, Ke S, Cao X, Shi Y, Li J, Zen K, Vidal-Puig A, Zhang CY, Li L, Jiang X. Cold-activated brown fat-derived extracellular vesicle-miR-378a-3p stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5480. [PMID: 37673898 PMCID: PMC10482845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During cold exposure, activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) takes up a large amount of circulating glucose to fuel non-shivering thermogenesis and defend against hypothermia. However, little is known about the endocrine function of BAT controlling glucose homoeostasis under this thermoregulatory challenge. Here, we show that in male mice, activated BAT-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) reprogram systemic glucose metabolism by promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis during cold stress. Cold exposure facilitates the selective packaging of miR-378a-3p-one of the BAT-enriched miRNAs-into EVs and delivery into the liver. BAT-derived miR-378a-3p enhances gluconeogenesis by targeting p110α. miR-378 KO mice display reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis during cold exposure, while restoration of miR-378a-3p in iBAT induces the expression of gluconeogenic genes in the liver. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of BDEV-miRNA as stress-induced batokine to coordinate systemic glucose homoeostasis. This miR-378a-3p-mediated interorgan communication highlights a novel endocrine function of BAT in preventing hypoglycemia during cold stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Xu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Cui
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shasha Zheng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huahua Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Ke
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanteng Shi
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Zen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rabe DC, Ho U, Choudhury A, Wallace J, Luciani E, Lee D, Flynn E, Stott SL. Aryl-diazonium salts offer a rapid and cost-efficient method to functionalize plastic microfluidic devices for increased immunoaffinity capture. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2300210. [PMID: 38283881 PMCID: PMC10812904 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202300210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have been used for decades to isolate cells, viruses, and proteins using on-chip immunoaffinity capture using biotinylated antibodies, proteins, or aptamers. To accomplish this, the inner surface is modified to present binding moieties for the desired analyte. While this approach has been successful in research settings, it is challenging to scale many surface modification strategies. Traditional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices can be effectively functionalized using silane-based methods; however, it requires high labor hours, cleanroom equipment, and hazardous chemicals. Manufacture of microfluidic devices using plastics, including cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), allows chips to be mass produced, but most functionalization methods used with PDMS are not compatible with plastic. Here we demonstrate how to deposit biotin onto the surface of a plastic microfluidic chips using aryl-diazonium. This method chemically bonds biotin to the surface, allowing for the addition of streptavidin nanoparticles to the surface. Nanoparticles increase the surface area of the chip and allow for proper capture moiety orientation. Our process is faster, can be performed outside of a fume hood, is very cost-effective using readily available laboratory equipment, and demonstrates higher rates of capture. Additionally, our method allows for more rapid and scalable production of devices, including for diagnostic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Rabe
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Uyen Ho
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Adarsh Choudhury
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Jessica Wallace
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Evelyn Luciani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Dasol Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Elizabeth Flynn
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Shannon L Stott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sigdel S, Swenson S, Wang J. Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13161. [PMID: 37685965 PMCID: PMC10487947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. The likelihood of developing a neurodegenerative disease rises dramatically as life expectancy increases. Although it has drawn significant attention, there is still a lack of proper effective treatments for neurodegenerative disease because the mechanisms of its development and progression are largely unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small bi-lipid layer-enclosed nanosized particles in tissues and biological fluids. EVs are emerging as novel intercellular messengers and regulate a series of biological responses. Increasing evidence suggests that EVs are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of EVs in neurodegenerative diseases and bring up the limitations in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinju Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (S.S.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bao C, Xiang H, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Gao Q, Huang F, Mao L. A Review of Labeling Approaches Used in Small Extracellular Vesicles Tracing and Imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4567-4588. [PMID: 37588627 PMCID: PMC10426735 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s416131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from the endosomal compartment, are a kind of lipid bilayer vesicles released by almost all types of cells, serving as natural carriers of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids for intercellular communication and transfer of bioactive molecules. The current findings suggest their vital role in physiological and pathological processes. Various sEVs labeling techniques have been developed for the more advanced study of the function, mode of action, bio-distribution, and related information of sEVs. In this review, we summarize the existing and emerging sEVs labeling techniques, including fluorescent labeling, radioisotope labeling, nanoparticle labeling, chemical contrast agents labeling, and label-free technique. These approaches will pave the way for an in-depth study of sEVs. We present a systematic and comprehensive review of the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of these techniques, to help promote applications of these labeling approaches in future research on sEVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huayuan Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoqiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxue Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen C, Cai N, Niu Q, Tian Y, Hu Y, Yan X. Quantitative assessment of lipophilic membrane dye-based labelling of extracellular vesicles by nano-flow cytometry. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12351. [PMID: 37525378 PMCID: PMC10390660 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although lipophilic membrane dyes (LMDs) or probes (LMPs) are widely used to label extracellular vesicles (EVs) for detection and purification, their labelling performance has not been systematically characterized. Through concurrent side scattering and fluorescence detection of single EVs as small as 40 nm in diameter by a laboratory-built nano-flow cytometer (nFCM), present study identified that (1) PKH67 and PKH26 could maximally label ∼60%-80% of EVs isolated from the conditioned cell culture medium (purity of ∼88%) and ∼40%-70% of PFP-EVs (purity of ∼73%); (2) excessive PKH26 could cause damage to the EV structure; (3) di-8-ANEPPS and high concentration of DiI could achieve efficient and uniform labelling of EVs with nearly 100% labelling efficiency for di-8-ANEPPS and 70%-100% for DiI; (4) all the four tested LMDs can aggregate and form micelles that exhibit comparable side scatter and fluorescence intensity with those of labelled EVs and thus hardly be differentiate from each other; (5) as the LMD concentration went up, the particle number of self-aggregates increased while the fluorescence intensity of aggregates remained constant; (6) PKH67 and PKH26 tend to form more aggregated micelles than di-8-ANEPPS and DiI, and the effect of LMD self-aggregation can be negligible at optimal staining conditions. (7) All the four tested LMDs can label almost all the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, indicating potential confounding factor in plasma-EV labelling. Besides, it was discovered that DSPE-PEG2000 -biotin can only label ∼50% of plasma-EVs. The number of LMP inserted into the membrane of single EVs was measured for the first time and it was confirmed that membrane labelling by lipophilic dyes did not interfere with the immunophenotyping of EVs. nFCM provides a unique perspective for a better understanding of EV labelling by LMD/LMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Niangui Cai
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Hu
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenPeople's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lau SY, Kang M, Hisey CL, Chamley LW. Studying exogenous extracellular vesicle biodistribution by in vivo fluorescence microscopy. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050074. [PMID: 37526034 PMCID: PMC10417515 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound vesicles released from cells that play a crucial role in many physiological processes and pathological mechanisms. As such, there is great interest in their biodistribution. One currently accessible technology to study their fate in vivo involves fluorescent labelling of exogenous EVs followed by whole-animal imaging. Although this is not a new technology, its translation from studying the fate of whole cells to subcellular EVs requires adaptation of the labelling techniques, excess dye removal and a refined experimental design. In this Review, we detail the methods and considerations for using fluorescence in vivo and ex vivo imaging to study the biodistribution of exogenous EVs and their roles in physiology and disease biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sien Yee Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Colin L. Hisey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lawrence W. Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Banerjee A, Lino M, Jesus C, Ribeiro Q, Abrunhosa A, Ferreira L. Imaging platforms to dissect the in vivo communication, biodistribution and controlled release of extracellular vesicles. J Control Release 2023; 360:549-563. [PMID: 37406818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) work as communication vehicles, allowing the exchange of bioactive molecules (microRNAs, mRNAs, proteins, etc) between neighbouring and distant cells in the organism. EVs are thus important players in several physiological and pathological processes. Thus, it is critical to understand their role in cellular/organ communication to fully evaluate their biological, diagnosis and therapeutic potential. In addition, recent studies have explored the controlled release of EVs for regenerative medicine applications and thus the evaluation of their release profile is important to correlate with biological activity. Here, we give a brief introduction about EV imaging platforms in terms of their sensitivity, penetration depth, cost, and operational simplicity, followed by a discussion of different EV labelling processes with their advantages and limitations. Next, we cover the relevance of these imaging platforms to dissect the tropism and biological role of endogenous EVs. We also cover the relevance of imaging platforms to monitor the accumulation of exogenous EVs and their potential cellular targets. Finally, we highlight the importance of imaging platforms to investigate the release profile of EVs from different controlled systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Banerjee
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Lino
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Jesus
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Quélia Ribeiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero Abrunhosa
- ICNAS/CIBIT - Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health/Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Familiari P, Relucenti M, Lapolla P, Palmieri M, Antonelli M, Cristiano L, Barbaranelli C, Catalano M, D'Angelo L, Familiari G, Santoro A, Frati A, Bruzzaniti P. Adult IDH Wild-Type Glioblastoma Ultrastructural Investigation Suggests a Possible Correlation between Morphological Biomarkers and Ki-67 Index. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1968. [PMID: 37509607 PMCID: PMC10377045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor with an average life expectancy between 14 and 16 months after diagnosis. The Ki-67 labeling index (LI), a measure of cellular proliferation, is emerging as a prognostic marker in GBM. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructure of glioblastoma tissue from 9 patients with the same molecular profile (adult IDH wild-type glioblastoma, wild-type ATRX, and positive for TP53 expression, GFAP expression, and EGFR overexpression) to find possible ultrastructural features to be used as biomarkers and correlated with the only parameter that differs among our samples, the Ki-67 LI. Our main results were the visualization of the anatomical basis of astrocyte-endothelial cells crosstalk; the ultrastructural in situ imaging of clusters of hyperactivated microglia cells (MsEVs); the ultrastructural in situ imaging of microglia cells storing lipid vesicles (MsLVs); the ultrastructural in situ imaging of neoplastic cells mitophagy (NCsM). The statistical analysis of our data indicated that MsEVs and MsLVs correlate with the Ki-67 LI value. We can thus assume they are good candidates to be considered morphological biomarkers correlating to Ki-67 LI. The role of NCsM instead must be further evaluated. Our study findings demonstrate that by combining ultrastructural characteristics with molecular information, we can discover biomarkers that have the potential to enhance diagnostic precision, aid in treatment decision-making, identify targets for therapy, and enable personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient. However, further research with larger sample sizes is needed to validate these findings and fully utilize the potential of ultrastructural analysis in managing glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Familiari
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Lapolla
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mauro Palmieri
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca D'Angelo
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Placido Bruzzaniti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Fabrizio Spaziani Hospital, 03100 Frosinone, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Clavellina D, Balkan W, Hare JM. Stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:951-967. [PMID: 37542462 PMCID: PMC10837765 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2245329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of death in the United States. The limited capacity of cardiomyocytes to regenerate and the restricted contractility of scar tissue after AMI are not addressed by current pharmacologic interventions. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach due to their low antigenicity, ease of harvesting, and efficacy and safety in preclinical and clinical studies, despite their low survival and engraftment rates. Other stem cell types, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) also show promise, and optimizing cardiac repair requires integrating emerging technologies and strategies. AREAS COVERED This review offers insights into advancing cell-based therapies for AMI, emphasizing meticulously planned trials with a standardized definition of AMI, for a bench-to-bedside approach. We critically evaluate fundamental studies and clinical trials to provide a comprehensive overview of the advances, limitations and prospects for cell-based therapy in AMI. EXPERT OPINION MSCs continue to show potential promise for treating AMI and its sequelae, but addressing their low survival and engraftment rates is crucial for clinical success. Integrating emerging technologies such as pluripotent stem cells and conducting well-designed trials will harness the full potential of cell-based therapy in AMI management. Collaborative efforts are vital to developing effective stem cell therapies for AMI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Clavellina
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wayne Balkan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kao YC, Chang YW, Lai CP, Chang NW, Huang CH, Chen CS, Huang HC, Juan HF. Ectopic ATP synthase stimulates the secretion of extracellular vesicles in cancer cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:642. [PMID: 37322056 PMCID: PMC10272197 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTARCT Ectopic ATP synthase on the plasma membrane (eATP synthase) has been found in various cancer types and is a potential target for cancer therapy. However, whether it provides a functional role in tumor progression remains unclear. Here, quantitative proteomics reveals that cancer cells under starvation stress express higher eATP synthase and enhance the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are vital regulators within the tumor microenvironment. Further results show that eATP synthase generates extracellular ATP to stimulate EV secretion by enhancing P2X7 receptor-triggered Ca2+ influx. Surprisingly, eATP synthase is also located on the surface of tumor-secreted EVs. The EVs-surface eATP synthase increases the uptake of tumor-secreted EVs in Jurkat T-cells via association with Fyn, a plasma membrane protein found in immune cells. The eATP synthase-coated EVs uptake subsequently represses the proliferation and cytokine secretion of Jurkat T-cells. This study clarifies the role of eATP synthase on EV secretion and its influence on immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Kao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Charles P Lai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Food Safety / Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Center for Computational and Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Natali L, Luna Pizarro G, Moyano S, de la Cruz-Thea B, Musso J, Rópolo AS, Eichner N, Meister G, Musri MM, Feliziani C, Touz MC. The Exosome-like Vesicles of Giardia Assemblages A, B, and E Are Involved in the Delivering of Distinct Small RNA from Parasite to Parasite. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119559. [PMID: 37298511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetically related assemblages of the intestinal protozoa parasite Giardia lamblia are morphologically indistinguishable and are often derived from specific hosts. The Giardia assemblages are separated by large genetic distances, which might account for their relevant biological and pathogenic differences. In this work, we analyzed the RNAs cargo released into exosomal-like vesicles (ElVs) by the assemblages A and B, which differentially infect humans, and the assemblage E, which infects hoofed animals. The RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the ElVs of each assemblage contained distinct small RNA (sRNA) biotypes, suggesting a preference for specific packaging in each assemblage. These sRNAs were classified into three categories, ribosomal-small RNAs (rsRNAs), messenger-small RNAs (msRNAs), and transfer-small RNAs (tsRNAs), which may play a regulatory role in parasite communication and contribute to host-specificity and pathogenesis. Uptake experiments showed, for the first time, that ElVs were successfully internalized by the parasite trophozoites. Furthermore, we observed that the sRNAs contained inside these ElVs were first located below the plasma membrane but then distributed along the cytoplasm. Overall, the study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the host-specificity and pathogenesis of G. lamblia and highlights the potential role of sRNAs in parasite communication and regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lautaro Natali
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Luna Pizarro
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Sofía Moyano
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Benjamin de la Cruz-Thea
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Juliana Musso
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Andrea S Rópolo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Norbert Eichner
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Melina M Musri
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Constanza Feliziani
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - María C Touz
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
He Y, Xing Y, Jiang T, Wang J, Sang S, Rong H, Yu F. Fluorescence labeling of extracellular vesicles for diverse bio-applications in vitro and in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6609-6626. [PMID: 37161668 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00998j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles enclosed in a lipid membrane that are sustainably released by nearly all cell types. EVs have been deemed as valuable biomarkers for diagnostics and effective drug carriers, owing to the physiological function of transporting biomolecules for intercellular communication. To investigate their biological properties, efficient labeling strategies have been constructed for EV research, among which fluorescence labeling exerts a powerful function due to the capability of visualizing the nanovesicles with high sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. In one aspect, with the help of functional fluorescence tags, EVs could be differentiated and categorized in vitro by various analytical techniques, which exert vital roles in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Additionally, innovative EV reporters have been utilized for visualizing EVs, in combination with powerful microscopy techniques, which provide potential tools for investigating the dynamic events of EV release and intercellular communication in suitable animal models. In this feature article, we survey the latest advances regarding EV fluorescence labeling strategies and their application in biomedical application and in vivo biology investigation, highlighting the progresses in individual EV imaging. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in unravelling EV physiological properties and further biomedical application are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun He
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Yanlong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Shenggang Sang
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Hong Rong
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ashique S, Anand K. Radiolabelled Extracellular Vesicles as Imaging Modalities for Precise Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051426. [PMID: 37242668 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) have been abandoned as bio-inspired drug delivery systems (DDS) in the biomedical field. ECVs have a natural ability to cross over extracellular and intracellular barriers, making them superior to manufactured nanoparticles. Additionally, they have the ability to move beneficial biomolecules among far-flung bodily cells. These advantages and the accomplishment of favorable in vivo results convincingly show the value of ECVs in medication delivery. The usage of ECVs is constantly being improved, as it might be difficult to develop a consistent biochemical strategy that is in line with their useful clinical therapeutic uses. Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) have the potential to enhance the therapy of diseases. Imaging technologies, particularly radiolabelled imaging, have been exploited for non-invasive tracking to better understand their in vivo activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharat Institute of Technology (BIT), School of Pharmacy, Meerut 250103, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xing Y, Zhang F, Ji P, Wei M, Yin C, Yang A, Yang G, Zhao J. Efficient Delivery of GSDMD-N mRNA by Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Induces Pyroptosis for Enhanced Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204031. [PMID: 36635060 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a newly discovered inflammatory form of programmed cell death, which promotes systemic immune response in cancer immunotherapy. GSDMD is one of the key molecules executing pyroptosis, while therapeutical delivery of GSDMD to tumor cells is of great challenge. In this study, an extracellular vesicles-based GSDMD-N mRNA delivery system (namely EVTx ) is developed for enhanced cancer immunotherapy, with GSDMD-N mRNA encapsulated inside, Ce6 (Chlorin e6 (Ce6), a hydrophilic sensitizer) incorporated into extracellular vesicular membrane, and HER2 antibody displayed onto the surface. Briefly, GSDMD-N mRNA is translationally repressed in donor cells by optimized puromycin, ensuring the cell viability and facilitating the mRNA encapsulation into extracellular vesicles. When targeted and delivered into HER2+ breast cancer cells by the engineered extracellular vesicles, the translational repression is unleashed in the recipient cells as the puromycin is diluted and additionally inactivated by sonodynamic treatment as the extracellular vesicles are armed with Ce6, allowing GSDMD-N translation and pyroptosis induction. In addition, sonodynamic treatment also induces cell death in the recipient cells. In the SKBR3- and HER2 transfected 4T1- inoculated breast tumor mouse models, the engineered EVTx efficiently induces a powerful tumor immune response and suppressed tumor growth, providing a nanoplatform for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Xing
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Feiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Panpan Ji
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Mengying Wei
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Chunhui Yin
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Angang Yang
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dżaman K, Czerwaty K. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051327. [PMID: 37242569 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that there are over 890,000 new cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) worldwide each year, accounting for approximately 5% of all cancer cases. Current treatment options for HNSCC often cause significant side effects and functional impairments, thus there is a challenge to discover more acceptable treatment technologies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be utilized for HNSCC treatment in several ways, for example, for drug delivery, immune modulation, as biomarkers for diagnostics, gene therapy, or tumor microenvironment modulation. This systematic review summarizes new knowledge regarding these options. Articles published up to 11 December 2022, were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Only full-text original research papers written in English were considered eligible for analysis. The quality of studies was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies, modified for the needs of this review. Of 436 identified records, 18 were eligible and included. It is important to note that the use of EVs as a treatment for HNSCC is still in the early stages of research, so we summarized information on challenges such as EV isolation, purification, and standardization of EV-based therapies in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dżaman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czerwaty
- Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hayashi Y, Nishimura K, Tanaka A, Inoue D. Extracellular vesicle-mediated remodeling of the bone marrow microenvironment in myeloid malignancies. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:821-829. [PMID: 37041345 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is maintained and regulated by a bone marrow-specific microenvironment called a niche. In hematological malignancies, tumor cells induce niche remodeling, and the reconstructed niche is closely linked to disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from tumor cells play a principal role in niche remodeling in hematological malignancies. Although EVs are emerging as potential therapeutic targets, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear, and selective inhibition remains a challenge. This review summarizes remodeling of the bone marrow microenvironment in hematological malignancies and its contribution to pathogenesis, as well as roles of tumor-derived EVs, and provides a perspective on future research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Hayashi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, 6-3-7, Minatojimaminami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Koutarou Nishimura
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, 6-3-7, Minatojimaminami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, 6-3-7, Minatojimaminami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daichi Inoue
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, 6-3-7, Minatojimaminami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shekari F, Abyadeh M, Meyfour A, Mirzaei M, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Graham SL, Salekdeh GH. Extracellular Vesicles as reconfigurable therapeutics for eye diseases: Promises and hurdles. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 225:102437. [PMID: 36931589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
A large number of people worldwide suffer from visual impairment. However, most available therapies rely on impeding the development of a particular eye disorder. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for effective alternative treatments, specifically regenerative therapies. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, ectosomes, or microvesicles, are released by cells and play a potential role in regeneration. Following an introduction to EV biogenesis and isolation methods, this integrative review provides an overview of our current knowledge about EVs as a communication paradigm in the eye. Then, we focused on the therapeutic applications of EVs derived from conditioned medium, biological fluid, or tissue and highlighted some recent developments in strategies to boost the innate therapeutic potential of EVs by loading various kinds of drugs or being engineered at the level of producing cells or EVs. Challenges faced in the development of safe and effective translation of EV-based therapy into clinical settings for eye diseases are also discussed to pave the road toward reaching feasible regenerative therapies required for eye-related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nieland L, Mahjoum S, Grandell E, Breyne K, Breakefield XO. Engineered EVs designed to target diseases of the CNS. J Control Release 2023; 356:493-506. [PMID: 36907561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are challenging to treat, mainly due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts drugs in circulation from entering target regions in the brain. To address this issue extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increasing scientific interest as carriers able to cross the BBB with multiplex cargos. EVs are secreted by virtually every cell, and their escorted biomolecules are part of an intercellular information gateway between cells within the brain and with other organs. Scientists have undertaken efforts to safeguard the inherent features of EVs as therapeutic delivery vehicles, such as protecting and transferring functional cargo, as well as loading them with therapeutic small molecules, proteins, and oligonucleotides and targeting them to specific cell types for the treatment of CNS diseases. Here, we review current emerging approaches that engineer the EV surface and cargo to improve targeting and functional responses in the brain. We summarize existing applications of engineered EVs as a therapeutic delivery platform for brain diseases, some of which have been evaluated clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nieland
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands.
| | - Shadi Mahjoum
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily Grandell
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Koen Breyne
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ghanam J, Chetty VK, Zhu X, Liu X, Gelléri M, Barthel L, Reinhardt D, Cremer C, Thakur BK. Single Molecule Localization Microscopy for Studying Small Extracellular Vesicles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205030. [PMID: 36635058 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are 30-200 nm nanovesicles enriched with unique cargoes of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. sEVs are released by all cell types and have emerged as a critical mediator of cell-to-cell communication. Although many studies have dealt with the role of sEVs in health and disease, the exact mechanism of sEVs biogenesis and uptake remain unexplored due to the lack of suitable imaging technologies. For sEVs functional studies, imaging has long relied on conventional fluorescence microscopy that has only 200-300 nm resolution, thereby generating blurred images. To break this resolution limit, recent developments in super-resolution microscopy techniques, specifically single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), expanded the understanding of subcellular details at the few nanometer level. SMLM success relies on the use of appropriate fluorophores with excellent blinking properties. In this review, the basic principle of SMLM is highlighted and the state of the art of SMLM use in sEV biology is summarized. Next, how SMLM techniques implemented for cell imaging can be translated to sEV imaging is discussed by applying different labeling strategies to study sEV biogenesis and their biomolecular interaction with the distant recipient cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ghanam
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Xingfu Zhu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Márton Gelléri
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lennart Barthel
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Center for Translational Neuro and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Cremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Basant Kumar Thakur
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Treatment of Myocardial Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054577. [PMID: 36902008 PMCID: PMC10003569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) therapy brings great hope to the treatment of myocardial injuries, while extracellular vesicles may be one of the main mechanisms of its action. iPSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (iPSCs-sEVs) can carry genetic and proteinaceous substances and mediate the interaction between iPSCs and target cells. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the therapeutic effect of iPSCs-sEVs in myocardial injury. IPSCs-sEVs may be a new cell-free-based treatment for myocardial injury, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. In the current research on myocardial injury, the extraction of sEVs from mesenchymal stem cells induced by iPSCs was widely used. Isolation methods of iPSCs-sEVs for the treatment of myocardial injury include ultracentrifugation, isodensity gradient centrifugation, and size exclusion chromatography. Tail vein injection and intraductal administration are the most widely used routes of iPSCs-sEV administration. The characteristics of sEVs derived from iPSCs which were induced from different species and organs, including fibroblasts and bone marrow, were further compared. In addition, the beneficial genes of iPSC can be regulated through CRISPR/Cas9 to change the composition of sEVs and improve the abundance and expression diversity of them. This review focused on the strategies and mechanisms of iPSCs-sEVs in the treatment of myocardial injury, which provides a reference for future research and the application of iPSCs-sEVs.
Collapse
|
46
|
Sancho-Albero M, Ayaz N, Sebastian V, Chirizzi C, Encinas-Gimenez M, Neri G, Chaabane L, Luján L, Martin-Duque P, Metrangolo P, Santamaría J, Baldelli Bombelli F. Superfluorinated Extracellular Vesicles for In Vivo Imaging by 19F-MRI. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8974-8985. [PMID: 36780137 PMCID: PMC9951174 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication and have great potential as efficient delivery vectors. However, a better understanding of EV in vivo behavior is hampered by the limitations of current imaging tools. In addition, chemical labels present the risk of altering the EV membrane features and, thus, in vivo behavior. 19F-MRI is a safe bioimaging technique providing selective images of exogenous probes. Here, we present the first example of fluorinated EVs containing PERFECTA, a branched molecule with 36 magnetically equivalent 19F atoms. A PERFECTA emulsion is given to the cells, and PERFECTA-containing EVs are naturally produced. PERFECTA-EVs maintain the physicochemical features, morphology, and biological fingerprint as native EVs but exhibit an intense 19F-NMR signal and excellent 19F relaxation times. In vivo 19F-MRI and tumor-targeting capabilities of stem cell-derived PERFECTA-EVs are also proved. We propose PERFECTA-EVs as promising biohybrids for imaging biodistribution and delivery of EVs throughout the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Sancho-Albero
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazeeha Ayaz
- Laboratory
of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNano Lab), Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Chirizzi
- Laboratory
of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNano Lab), Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy
- Experimental
Neurology (INSPE) and Experimental Imaging Center (CIS), Neuroscience
Division, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Miguel Encinas-Gimenez
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Neri
- Laboratory
of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNano Lab), Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Chaabane
- Experimental
Neurology (INSPE) and Experimental Imaging Center (CIS), Neuroscience
Division, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lluís Luján
- Department
of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto
Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón
(IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Martin-Duque
- Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS) /IIS Aragón, Zaragoza 5009, Spain
- Fundación
Araid, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory
of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNano Lab), Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory
of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNano Lab), Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Resources in the Clinical Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032344. [PMID: 36768664 PMCID: PMC9917082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The native role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating the transfer of biomolecules between cells has raised the possibility to use them as therapeutic vehicles. The development of therapies based on EVs is now expanding rapidly; here we will describe the current knowledge on different key points regarding the use of EVs in a clinical setting. These points are related to cell sources of EVs, isolation, storage, and delivery methods, as well as modifications to the releasing cells for improved production of EVs. Finally, we will depict the application of EVs therapies in clinical trials, considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of these therapies, pointing out that although it is a promising therapy for human diseases, we are still in the initial phase of its application to patients.
Collapse
|
48
|
Dancourt J, Piovesana E, Lavieu G. Efficient cell death mediated by bioengineered killer extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1086. [PMID: 36658184 PMCID: PMC9852484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biological vehicles that are thought to mediate cell-cell communication via the transfer of biomolecules from donor to acceptor cells. Repurposing those natural vesicles into therapeutics delivery vectors is a high priority challenge for translational science. Here we engineer donor cells to produce copious amount of fusogenic EVs loaded with the catalytic domain of the Diphteria Toxin, known to trigger cell death through protein synthesis inhibition. We show that, when incubated with cancer acceptor cells, these Killer EVs block protein synthesis and lead to cell death. This proof of concept establishes the efficacy of Killer EVs in vitro, and suggests that further development may lead to tumor ablation in vivo, expanding the existing cancer therapeutics arsenal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dancourt
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1316, UMR 7057/CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Ester Piovesana
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, EOC Bellinzona (Bios+), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Lavieu
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1316, UMR 7057/CNRS, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tian T, Qiao S, Tannous BA. Nanotechnology-Inspired Extracellular Vesicles Theranostics for Diagnosis and Therapy of Central Nervous System Diseases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:182-199. [PMID: 35929960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shuttling various bioactive substances across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) bidirectionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been opening new frontiers for the diagnosis and therapy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, clinical translation of EV-based theranostics remains challenging due to difficulties in effective EV engineering for superior imaging/therapeutic potential, ultrasensitive EV detection for small sample volume, as well as scale-up and standardized EV production. In the past decade, continuous advancement in nanotechnology provided extensive concepts and strategies for EV engineering and analysis, which inspired the application of EVs for CNS diseases. Here we will review the existing types of EV-nanomaterial hybrid systems with improved diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy for CNS diseases. A summary of recent progress in the incorporation of nanomaterials and nanostructures in EV production, separation, and analysis will also be provided. Moreover, the convergence between nanotechnology and microfluidics for integrated EV engineering and liquid biopsy of CNS diseases will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Shuya Qiao
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mighty J, Rubio-Navarro A, Shi C, Zhou J, Flores-Bellver M, Heissel S, Onwumere O, Einbond L, Gharbaran R, Casper DS, Benito-Martin A, Redenti S. Extracellular vesicles of human diabetic retinopathy retinal tissue and urine of diabetic retinopathy patients are enriched for the junction plakoglo bin protein. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1077644. [PMID: 36686464 PMCID: PMC9854122 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1077644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a potentially blinding retinal disorder that develops through the pathogenesis of diabetes. The lack of disease predictors implies a poor prognosis with frequent irreversible retinal damage and vision loss. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) present a novel opportunity for pre-symptomatic disease diagnosis and prognosis, both severely limited in DR. All biological fluids contain EVs, which are currently being studied as disease biomarkers. EV proteins derived from urine have emerged as potential noninvasive biomarkers. Methods In this study, we isolated EVs from DR retinal tissue explants and from DR patients' urine, and characterized the vesicles, finding differences in particle number and size. Next, we performed proteomic analysis on human explanted DR retinal tissue conditioned media, DR retinal EVs and DR urinary EVs and compared to normal human retinal tissue, retinal EVs, and urinary EVs, respectively. Results Our system biology analysis of DR tissue and EV expression profiles revealed biological pathways related to cell-to-cell junctions, vesicle biology, and degranulation processes. Junction Plakoglobin (JUP), detected in DR tissue-derived EVs and DR urinary EVs, but not in controls, was revealed to be a central node in many identified pathogenic pathways. Proteomic results were validated by western blot. Urinary EVs obtained from healthy donors and diabetic patient without DR did not contain JUP. Conclusion The absence of JUP in healthy urinary EVs provide the basis for development of a novel Diabetic Retinopathy biomarker, potentially facilitating diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Mighty
- Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, United States
- Biology Doctoral Program, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alfonso Rubio-Navarro
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cui Shi
- Biology Doctoral Program, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jing Zhou
- Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, United States
- Biology Doctoral Program, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Miguel Flores-Bellver
- CellSight Ocular Stem Cell and Regeneration Program, Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz- Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Søren Heissel
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Onyekwere Onwumere
- Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, United States
- Biology Doctoral Program, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Linda Einbond
- Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Daniel S. Casper
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alberto Benito-Martin
- Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, United States
- Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Facultad de Medicina. Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen Redenti
- Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, United States
- Biology Doctoral Program, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|