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Kwak JW, Nguyen HQ, Camai A, Huffman GM, Mekvanich S, Kenney NN, Zhu X, Randolph TW, Houghton AM. CXCR1/2 antagonism inhibits neutrophil function and not recruitment in cancer. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2384674. [PMID: 39076249 PMCID: PMC11285219 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2384674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The level of tumor and circulating CXCR1/2-expressing neutrophils and CXCR1/2 ligands correlate with poor patient outcomes, inversely correlate with tumoral lymphocyte content, and predict immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment failure. Accordingly, CXCR2-selective and CXCR1/2 dual inhibitors exhibit activity both as single agents and in combination with ICI treatment in mouse tumor models. Based on such reports, clinical trials combining CXCR1/2 axis antagonists with ICI treatment for cancer patients are underway. It has been assumed that CXCR1/2 blockade impacts tumors by blocking neutrophil chemotaxis and reducing neutrophil content in tumors. Here, we show that while CXCR2 antagonism does slow tumor growth, it does not preclude neutrophil recruitment into tumor. Instead, CXCR1/2 inhibition alters neutrophil function by blocking the polarization of transcriptional programs toward immune suppressive phenotypes and rendering neutrophils incapable of suppressing lymphocyte proliferation. This is associated with decreased release of reactive oxygen species and Arginase-1 into the extracellular milieu. Remarkably, these therapeutics do not impact the ability of neutrophils to phagocytose and kill ingested bacteria. Taken together, these results mechanistically explain why CXCR1/2 inhibition has been active in cancer but without infectious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff W. Kwak
- Translational Science & Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Helena Q. Nguyen
- Translational Science & Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Alex Camai
- Translational Science & Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Grace M. Huffman
- Translational Science & Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Surapat Mekvanich
- Translational Science & Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Naia N. Kenney
- Translational Science & Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Translational Science & Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | | | - A. McGarry Houghton
- Translational Science & Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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2
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da Silva HT, Magalhães TS, Pires SA, Santos APR, Rodrigues JL, Faria MCDS. Artisanal Gem Mining in Brazil: Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Biomarkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:871. [PMID: 39063448 PMCID: PMC11277206 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study was carried out in the district of Taquaral de Minas, in the municipality of Itinga, located in Jequitinhonha Valley, state of Minas Gerais, which is considered one of the largest yolk-producing regions in Brazil. Miners in gem extraction areas are prone to severe oxidative damage due to their increased exposure to toxic metals, as well as chemical, physical, and biological agents, resulting in diseases such as silicosis. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate occupational exposure in prospectors through biomonitoring techniques using a variety of biomarkers for oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity. Twenty-two miners and seventeen workers who were not occupationally exposed were recruited, totaling thirty-nine participants. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys. In this study, the levels of total peroxides, catalase activity, and microelements in plasma were evaluated. Additionally, environmental analysis was carried out through the Ames and Allium cepa tests. The results of the lipoperoxidation assessment were significant, with increased frequencies in exposed individuals compared to controls (p < 0.05), as determined by the Mann-Whitney test. Micronutrients in the blood showed lower concentrations in the group exposed to Fe and Se than in individuals not exposed to these elements. The results of the Ames test and Allium cepa test were statistically significant compared to the controls (p < 0.05), as determined by the Mann-Whitney test for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Thus, the results of the present study indicate possible environmental contamination and a potential risk to the health of miners, which suggests that further studies are important in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heberson Teixeira da Silva
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia (ICET), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Teófilo Otoni 39803-371, MG, Brazil; (H.T.d.S.); (T.S.M.); (S.A.P.); (A.P.R.S.); (M.C.d.S.F.)
| | - Thainá Sprícido Magalhães
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia (ICET), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Teófilo Otoni 39803-371, MG, Brazil; (H.T.d.S.); (T.S.M.); (S.A.P.); (A.P.R.S.); (M.C.d.S.F.)
| | - Sumaia Araújo Pires
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia (ICET), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Teófilo Otoni 39803-371, MG, Brazil; (H.T.d.S.); (T.S.M.); (S.A.P.); (A.P.R.S.); (M.C.d.S.F.)
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Rufino Santos
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia (ICET), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Teófilo Otoni 39803-371, MG, Brazil; (H.T.d.S.); (T.S.M.); (S.A.P.); (A.P.R.S.); (M.C.d.S.F.)
| | - Jairo Lisboa Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia (ICET), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Teófilo Otoni 39803-371, MG, Brazil; (H.T.d.S.); (T.S.M.); (S.A.P.); (A.P.R.S.); (M.C.d.S.F.)
| | - Márcia Cristina da Silva Faria
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia (ICET), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Teófilo Otoni 39803-371, MG, Brazil; (H.T.d.S.); (T.S.M.); (S.A.P.); (A.P.R.S.); (M.C.d.S.F.)
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3
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Ryan AT, Kim M, Lim K. Immune Cell Migration to Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:844. [PMID: 38786066 PMCID: PMC11120175 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell migration is required for the development of an effective and robust immune response. This elegant process is regulated by both cellular and environmental factors, with variables such as immune cell state, anatomical location, and disease state that govern differences in migration patterns. In all cases, a major factor is the expression of cell surface receptors and their cognate ligands. Rapid adaptation to environmental conditions partly depends on intrinsic cellular immune factors that affect a cell's ability to adjust to new environment. In this review, we discuss both myeloid and lymphoid cells and outline key determinants that govern immune cell migration, including molecules required for immune cell adhesion, modes of migration, chemotaxis, and specific chemokine signaling. Furthermore, we summarize tumor-specific elements that contribute to immune cell trafficking to cancer, while also exploring microenvironment factors that can alter these cellular dynamics within the tumor in both a pro and antitumor fashion. Specifically, we highlight the importance of the secretome in these later aspects. This review considers a myriad of factors that impact immune cell trajectory in cancer. We aim to highlight the immunotherapeutic targets that can be harnessed to achieve controlled immune trafficking to and within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison T. Ryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kihong Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Zhang J, Gu J, Wang X, Ji C, Yu D, Wang M, Pan J, Santos HA, Zhang H, Zhang X. Engineering and Targeting Neutrophils for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310318. [PMID: 38320755 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in the circulation and act as the first line of defense against infections. Increasing evidence suggests that neutrophils possess heterogeneous phenotypes and functional plasticity in human health and diseases, including cancer. Neutrophils play multifaceted roles in cancer development and progression, and an N1/N2 paradigm of neutrophils in cancer is proposed, where N1 neutrophils exert anti-tumor properties while N2 neutrophils display tumor-supportive and immune-suppressive functions. Selective activation of beneficial neutrophil population and targeted inhibition or re-polarization of tumor-promoting neutrophils has shown an important potential in tumor therapy. In addition, due to the natural inflammation-responsive and physical barrier-crossing abilities, neutrophils and their derivatives (membranes and extracellular vesicles (EVs)) are regarded as advanced drug delivery carriers for enhanced tumor targeting and improved therapeutic efficacy. In this review, the recent advances in engineering neutrophils for drug delivery and targeting neutrophils for remodeling tumor microenvironment (TME) are comprehensively presented. This review will provide a broad understanding of the potential of neutrophils in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jianmei Gu
- Departmemt of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu University Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Maoye Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jianming Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, Netherlands
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Abo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Abo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
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5
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Brady A, Sheneman KR, Pulsifer AR, Price SL, Garrison TM, Maddipati KR, Bodduluri SR, Pan J, Boyd NL, Zheng JJ, Rai SN, Hellmann J, Haribabu B, Uriarte SM, Lawrenz MB. Type 3 secretion system induced leukotriene B4 synthesis by leukocytes is actively inhibited by Yersinia pestis to evade early immune recognition. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011280. [PMID: 38271464 PMCID: PMC10846697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Subverting the host immune response to inhibit inflammation is a key virulence strategy of Yersinia pestis. The inflammatory cascade is tightly controlled via the sequential action of lipid and protein mediators of inflammation. Because delayed inflammation is essential for Y. pestis to cause lethal infection, defining the Y. pestis mechanisms to manipulate the inflammatory cascade is necessary to understand this pathogen's virulence. While previous studies have established that Y. pestis actively inhibits the expression of host proteins that mediate inflammation, there is currently a gap in our understanding of the inflammatory lipid mediator response during plague. Here we used the murine model to define the kinetics of the synthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a pro-inflammatory lipid chemoattractant and immune cell activator, within the lungs during pneumonic plague. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exogenous administration of LTB4 prior to infection limited bacterial proliferation, suggesting that the absence of LTB4 synthesis during plague contributes to Y. pestis immune evasion. Using primary leukocytes from mice and humans further revealed that Y. pestis actively inhibits the synthesis of LTB4. Finally, using Y. pestis mutants in the Ysc type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and Yersinia outer protein (Yop) effectors, we demonstrate that leukocytes recognize the T3SS to initiate the rapid synthesis of LTB4. However, several Yop effectors secreted through the T3SS effectively inhibit this host response. Together, these data demonstrate that Y. pestis actively inhibits the synthesis of the inflammatory lipid LTB4 contributing to the delay in the inflammatory cascade required for rapid recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Brady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Katelyn R. Sheneman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Amanda R. Pulsifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Taylor M. Garrison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sobha R. Bodduluri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Nolan L. Boyd
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jing-Juan Zheng
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Shesh N. Rai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jason Hellmann
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Deptartment of Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Lawrenz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
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6
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Zuo H, Yang M, Ji Q, Fu S, Pu X, Zhang X, Wang X. Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A Novel Antitumor Strategy. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:5599660. [PMID: 38023616 PMCID: PMC10653965 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5599660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for cancer is usually limited by the deterioration of tumor microenvironment (TME). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are decondensed chromatin extruded by neutrophils and are widely distributed among various cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the TME, NETs interact with stromal components, immune cells and cancer cells, which allows for the reshaping of the matrix and the extracellular environment that favors the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. In addition, NETs impair the proliferation and activation of T cells and NK cells, thus producing a suppressive TME that restricts the effect of immunotherapy. A better understanding of the function of NETs in the TME will provide new opportunities for the prevention of cancer metastasis and the discovery of novel therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nursing, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengqiao Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Pu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Pan Y, Ikoma K, Matsui R, Nakayama A, Takemura N, Saitoh T. Dasatinib suppresses particulate-induced pyroptosis and acute lung inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1250383. [PMID: 37705538 PMCID: PMC10495768 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1250383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Humans are constantly exposed to various industrial, environmental, and endogenous particulates that result in inflammatory diseases. After being engulfed by immune cells, viz. Macrophages, such particulates lead to phagolysosomal dysfunction, eventually inducing pyroptosis, a form of cell death accompanied by the release of inflammatory mediators, including members of the interleukin (IL)-1 family. Phagolysosomal dysfunction results in the activation of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, an immune complex that induces pyroptosis upon exposure to various external stimuli. However, several particulates induce pyroptosis even if the NLRP3 inflammasome is inhibited; this indicates that such inhibition is not always effective in treating diseases induced by particulates. Therefore, discovery of drugs suppressing particulate-induced NLRP3-independent pyroptosis is warranted. Methods: We screened compounds that inhibit silica particle (SP)-induced cell death and release of IL-1α using RAW264.7 cells, which are incapable of NLRP3 inflammasome formation. The candidates were tested for their ability to suppress particulate-induced pyroptosis and phagolysosomal dysfunction using mouse primary macrophages and alleviate SP-induced NLRP3-independent lung inflammation. Results: Several Src family kinase inhibitors, including dasatinib, effectively suppressed SP-induced cell death and IL-1α release. Furthermore, dasatinib suppressed pyroptosis induced by other particulates but did not suppress that induced by non-particulates, such as adenosine triphosphate. Dasatinib reduced SP-induced phagolysosomal dysfunction without affecting phagocytosis of SPs. Moreover, dasatinib treatment strongly suppressed the increase in IL-1α levels and neutrophil counts in the lungs after intratracheal SP administration. Conclusion: Dasatinib suppresses particulate-induced pyroptosis and can be used to treat relevant inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Pan
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Ikoma
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Risa Matsui
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nakayama
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Takemura
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saitoh
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Chen E, Yu J. The role and metabolic adaptations of neutrophils in premetastatic niches. Biomark Res 2023; 11:50. [PMID: 37158964 PMCID: PMC10169509 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been found that tumor cells create microenvironments in distant organs that promote their survival and growth in advance of their arrival. These predetermined microenvironments are referred to as "pre-metastatic niches". Increasing attention is being paid to neutrophils' role in forming the pre-metastatic niche. As major components of the pre-metastatic niche, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) play an important role in the formation of the pre-metastatic niche through communication with multiple growth factors, chemokines, inflammatory factors, and other immune cells, which together create a pre-metastatic niche well suited for tumor cell seeding and growth. However, how TANs modulate their metabolism to survive and exert their functions in the process of metastasis remains largely to be discovered. Accordingly, the objective of this review is to assess the role that neutrophils play in the formation of pre-metastatic niche and to explore the metabolism alteration of neutrophils in cancer metastasis. A better understanding of the role of TANs in pre-metastatic niche will help us discover new mechanisms of metastasis and develop new therapies targeting TANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enli Chen
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong an Road, Beijing, 100053, Xi Cheng District, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong an Road, Beijing, 100053, Xi Cheng District, China.
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Linde IL, Prestwood TR, Qiu J, Pilarowski G, Linde MH, Zhang X, Shen L, Reticker-Flynn NE, Chiu DKC, Sheu LY, Van Deursen S, Tolentino LL, Song WC, Engleman EG. Neutrophil-activating therapy for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:356-372.e10. [PMID: 36706760 PMCID: PMC9968410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite their cytotoxic capacity, neutrophils are often co-opted by cancers to promote immunosuppression, tumor growth, and metastasis. Consequently, these cells have received little attention as potential cancer immunotherapeutic agents. Here, we demonstrate in mouse models that neutrophils can be harnessed to induce eradication of tumors and reduce metastatic seeding through the combined actions of tumor necrosis factor, CD40 agonist, and tumor-binding antibody. The same combination activates human neutrophils in vitro, enabling their lysis of human tumor cells. Mechanistically, this therapy induces rapid mobilization and tumor infiltration of neutrophils along with complement activation in tumors. Complement component C5a activates neutrophils to produce leukotriene B4, which stimulates reactive oxygen species production via xanthine oxidase, resulting in oxidative damage and T cell-independent clearance of multiple tumor types. These data establish neutrophils as potent anti-tumor immune mediators and define an inflammatory pathway that can be harnessed to drive neutrophil-mediated eradication of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L Linde
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tyler R Prestwood
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jingtao Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Genay Pilarowski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Miles H Linde
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren Y Sheu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Simon Van Deursen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lorna L Tolentino
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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10
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Ding C, Shrestha R, Zhu X, Geller AE, Wu S, Woeste MR, Li W, Wang H, Yuan F, Xu R, Chariker JH, Hu X, Li H, Tieri D, Zhang HG, Rouchka EC, Mitchell R, Siskind LJ, Zhang X, Xu XG, McMasters KM, Yu Y, Yan J. Inducing trained immunity in pro-metastatic macrophages to control tumor metastasis. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:239-254. [PMID: 36604547 PMCID: PMC10636755 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and myeloid cells are critical in the metastatic microenvironment. Here, we explore the implications of reprogramming pre-metastatic niche myeloid cells by inducing trained immunity with whole beta-glucan particle (WGP). WGP-trained macrophages had increased responsiveness not only to lipopolysaccharide but also to tumor-derived factors. WGP in vivo treatment led to a trained immunity phenotype in lung interstitial macrophages, resulting in inhibition of tumor metastasis and survival prolongation in multiple mouse models of metastasis. WGP-induced trained immunity is mediated by the metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate. Adoptive transfer of WGP-trained bone marrow-derived macrophages reduced tumor lung metastasis. Blockade of sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis and mitochondrial fission abrogated WGP-induced trained immunity and its inhibition of lung metastases. WGP also induced trained immunity in human monocytes, resulting in antitumor activity. Our study identifies the metabolic sphingolipid-mitochondrial fission pathway for WGP-induced trained immunity and control over metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlin Ding
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rejeena Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Anne E Geller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shouzhen Wu
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Matthew R Woeste
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Raobo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Julia H Chariker
- Department of Neuroscience, KBRIN Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Functional Immunomics Core, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David Tieri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Robert Mitchell
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaoji G Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Kelly M McMasters
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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11
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Vis B, Powell JJ, Hewitt RE. Label-Free Identification of Persistent Particles in Association with Primary Immune Cells by Imaging Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2635:135-148. [PMID: 37074661 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3020-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of human exposure to persistent particles via consumer products, air pollution, and work environments is a modern-day hazard and an active area of research. Particle density and crystallinity, which often dictate their persistence in biological systems, are associated with strong light absorption and reflectance. These attributes allow several persistent particle types to be identified without the use of additional labels using laser light-based techniques such as microscopy, flow cytometry, and imaging flow cytometry. This form of identification allows the direct analysis of environmental persistent particles in association with biological samples after in vivo studies and real-life exposures. Microscopy and imaging flow cytometry have progressed with computing capabilities and fully quantitative imaging techniques can now plausibly detail the interactions and effects of micron and nano-sized particles with primary cells and tissues. This chapter summarises studies which have utilized the strong light absorption and reflectance characteristics of particles for their detection in biological specimens. This is followed by the description of methods for the analysis of whole blood samples and the use of imaging flow cytometry to identify particles in association with primary peripheral blood phagocytic cells, using brightfield and darkfield parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Vis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel E Hewitt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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12
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Poormohammadi A, Ayubi E, Assari MJ, Mehri F, Mir Moeini ES, Naderifar H. Relationship between Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica and Serum Copper Level as an Indicator of Silicosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2023; 27:4-8. [PMID: 37303997 PMCID: PMC10257235 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_99_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review and meta-analysis study evaluates a relationship between occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and serum copper (Cu) levels as an indicator for early detection of silicosis. Materials and Methods A systematic search was conducted, and the quality of results was evaluated in accordance with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The following databases were searched, including Web of Sciences, Scopus, and PubMed from inception until November 2021. The following keywords were selected for searching in the mentioned databases including, "copper" OR "serum copper" AND "silicosis". The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of Cu was extracted for both silicosis and non-silicosis subjects. The differences in mean effect size were pooled using the random-effect model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated using the I2 value and Begg's test and Egger's test, respectively. Results A total of 159 studies were initially found, among which eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. Random-effect meta-analysis of these eight studies showed that silicosis patients had higher copper levels than the non-silicosis group with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of 3.02 (95% confidence interval: 0.25, 5.78); I2 = 99.3%, P value < 0.001. The subgroup analysis showed that the corresponding figures in those with mean age >40 years and <40 years were 5.79 (2.06, 9.52) and -0.43 (-4.57, 3.70), respectively. Moreover, no publication bias was found in the analyses. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrated that silica exposure may be associated with increasing serum Cu levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Poormohammadi
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Erfan Ayubi
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Assari
- Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Effat Sadat Mir Moeini
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Homa Naderifar
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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13
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Sala-Jarque J, García-Lara E, Carreras-Domínguez P, Zhou C, Rabaneda-Lombarte N, Solà C, M Vidal-Taboada J, Feiler A, Abrahamsson N, N Kozlova E, Saura J. Mesoporous silica particles are phagocytosed by microglia and induce a mild inflammatory response in vitro. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1077-1094. [PMID: 35997151 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) are broadly used drug delivery carriers. In this study, the authors analyzed the responses to MSPs of astrocytes and microglia, the two main cellular players in neuroinflammation. Materials & methods: Primary murine cortical mixed glial cultures were treated with rhodamine B-labeled MSPs. Results: MSPs are avidly internalized by microglial cells and remain inside the cells for at least 14 days. Despite this, MSPs do not affect glial cell viability or morphology, basal metabolic activity or oxidative stress. MSPs also do not affect mRNA levels of key proinflammatory genes; however, in combination with lipopolysaccharide, they significantly increase extracellular IL-1β levels. Conclusion: These results suggest that MSPs could be novel tools for specific drug delivery to microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Sala-Jarque
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisa García-Lara
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paula Carreras-Domínguez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Neus Rabaneda-Lombarte
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carme Solà
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose M Vidal-Taboada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Peripheral Nervous System, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adam Feiler
- Nanologica AB, Södertälje, Sweden.,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josep Saura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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14
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Vasseur S, Guillaumond F. Lipids in cancer: a global view of the contribution of lipid pathways to metastatic formation and treatment resistance. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:46. [PMID: 35945203 PMCID: PMC9363460 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are essential constituents for malignant tumors, as they are absolutely required for tumor growth and dissemination. Provided by the tumor microenvironment (TME) or by cancer cells themselves through activation of de novo synthesis pathways, they orchestrate a large variety of pro-tumorigenic functions. Importantly, TME cells, especially immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), are also prone to changes in their lipid content, which hinder or promote tumor aggressiveness. In this review, we address the significant findings for lipid contribution in tumor progression towards a metastatic disease and in the poor response to therapeutic treatments. We also highlight the benefits of targeting lipid pathways in preclinical models to slow down metastasis development and overcome chemo-and immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vasseur
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Guillaumond
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009, Marseille, France.
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15
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Leinardi R, Longo Sanchez-Calero C, Huaux F. Think Beyond Particle Cytotoxicity: When Self-Cellular Components Released After Immunogenic Cell Death Explain Chronic Disease Development. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:887228. [PMID: 35846433 PMCID: PMC9284505 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.887228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolonged perturbation of the immune system following the release of a plethora of self-molecules (known as damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs) by stressed or dying cells triggers acute and chronic pathological responses. DAMPs are commonly released after plasma membrane damage or complete rupture due to immunogenic cell death (ICD), upon numerous stressors including infectious and toxic agents. The set of DAMPs released after ICD include mature proinflammatory cytokines and alarmins, but also polymeric macromolecules. These self-intracellular components are recognized by injured and healthy surrounding cells via innate receptors, and induce upregulation of stress-response mechanisms, including inflammation. In this review, by overstepping the simple toxicological evaluation, we apply ICD and DAMP concepts to silica cytotoxicity, providing new insights on the mechanisms driving the progress and/or the exacerbation of certain SiO2–related pathologies. Finally, by proposing self-DNA as new crucial DAMP, we aim to pave the way for the development of innovative and easy-to-perform predictive tests to better identify the hazard of fine and ultrafine silica particles. Importantly, such mechanisms could be extended to nano/micro plastics and diesel particles, providing strategic advice and reports on their health issues.
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16
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Sasai F, Rogers K, Orlicky DJ, Stem A, Schaeffer J, Garcia G, Fox J, Ray MS, Butler-Dawson J, Gonzalez-Quiroz M, Leiva R, Taduri G, Anutrakulchai S, Venugopal V, Madero M, Glaser J, Wijkstrom J, Wernerson A, Brown J, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Johnson RJ. Inhaled Silica Nanoparticles Causes Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F48-F58. [PMID: 35635324 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00021.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) released during the burning of sugarcane have been postulated to have a role in chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology. We tested the hypothesis that pristine SiNPs of the size present in sugarcane might cause chronic kidney injury when administered through the lung in rats. METHODS We administered 200 nm or 300 nm amorphous SiNPs twice weekly (4 mg/dose) or vehicle by oropharyngeal aspiration for 13 weeks to rats followed by sacrifice after an additional 13 weeks (26 weeks total). Tissues were evaluated for presence of SiNPs and evidence of histologic injury. RESULTS Both sizes of SiNPs caused kidney damage, with early tubular injury and inflammation (at week 13) that continued to inflammation and chronic fibrosis at week 26 despite discontinuing the SiNP administration. Both sizes of SiNPs caused local inflammation in the lung and kidney and were detected in the serum and urine at week 13, and the 200 nm particles also localized to the kidney with no evidence of retention of the 300 nm particles. At week 26 there was some clearance of the 200 nm silica from the kidneys, and urinary levels of SiNPs were reduced but still significant in both the 200 and 300 nm exposed rats. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled SiNPs causes chronic kidney injury that progresses despite stopping the SiNP administration. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that human exposure to amorphous silica nanoparticles found in burned sugarcane fields could have a participatory role in chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Sasai
- Division of Renal Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Keegan Rogers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Arthur Stem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Joshua Schaeffer
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Center for Health, Work and Environment, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gabriela Garcia
- Division of Renal Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Jacob Fox
- Division of Renal Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Matthew S Ray
- Division of Renal Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Jaime Butler-Dawson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Marvin Gonzalez-Quiroz
- Research Centre on Health, Work and Environment (CISTA), National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - Ricardo Leiva
- Division of Kidney Diseases, Hospital Rosales, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | | | - Vidhya Venugopal
- School of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Magdalena Madero
- Division of Kidney Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Julia Wijkstrom
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jared Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Disease, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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17
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PERROTTA F, D’AGNANO V, SCIALÒ F, KOMICI K, ALLOCCA V, NUCERA F, SALVI R, STELLA GM, BIANCO A. Evolving concepts in COPD and lung cancer: a narrative review. Minerva Med 2022; 113:436-448. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.07962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Kaltenmeier C, Simmons RL, Tohme S, Yazdani HO. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6131. [PMID: 34885240 PMCID: PMC8657162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer related morbidity and mortality. The metastatic process involves several identifiable biological stages, including tumor cell dissemination, intravasation, and the extravasation of circulating cancer cells to facilitate colonization at a distant site. Immune cell infiltration and inflammation within the tumor microenvironment coincide with tumor progression and metastatic spread and are thought to be the key mediators of this complex process. Amongst many infiltrating cells, neutrophils have recently emerged as an important player in fueling tumor progression, both in animal models and cancer patients. The production of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) is particularly important in the pathogenesis of the metastatic cascade. NETs are composed of web-like DNA structures with entangled proteins that are released in response to inflammatory cues in the environment. NETs play an important role in driving tumor progression both in experimental and clinical models. In this review, we aim to summarize the current advances in understanding the role of NETs in cancer, with a specific focus on their role in promoting premetastatic niche formation, interaction with circulating cancer cells, and in epithelial to mesenchymal transition during cancer metastasis. We will furthermore discuss the possible role and different treatment options for targeting NETs to prevent tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hamza O. Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.L.S.); (S.T.)
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19
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Sharma N, Khajuria V, Gupta S, Kumar C, Sharma A, Lone NA, Paul S, Meena SR, Ahmed Z, Satti NK, Verma MK. Dereplication Based Strategy for Rapid Identification and Isolation of a Novel Anti-inflammatory Flavonoid by LCMS/MS from Colebrookea oppositifolia. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30241-30259. [PMID: 34805658 PMCID: PMC8600527 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colebrookea oppositifolia is a folkloric medicinal plant, well known for its tremendous medicinal properties such as curing epilepsy, ulcers, and urinary problems. The aim of the present study was to apply the dereplication strategy on the ethanol extract of C. oppositifolia with potent anti-inflammatory activity for the rapid identification and isolation of novel bioactive molecules to aid the drug discovery process. An integrated approach using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the isolation of potent molecules from the anti-inflammatory extract of C. oppositifolia . Purity of the compounds (>98.5%) was established by HPLC, and identification was carried out by NMR and ESI-MS. 5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone-3-O-glucuronide methyl ester (compound III) isolated from C. oppositifolia was extensively studied for anti-inflammatory potential in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the mice model. Compound III significantly repressed various proinflammatory mediators and upregulated the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Compound III reduced inflammation when studied for parameters such as the phagocytic index, carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice, and effect on organ weight. It reduced inflammation in a dose-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. Further molecular insights into the study revealed that compound III blocks the phosphorylation of I kappa b kinase α/β (IKKα/β), IκBα, and nuclear factor kB p65 (NF-κBp65) which is a key controller of inflammation, thereby showing anti-inflammatory potential. Hence, this study permits further investigation to develop compound III as an anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Natural
Product Chemistry Division, Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Vidushi Khajuria
- Inflammation
Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative, Jammu 180001, India
- AcSIR:
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Inflammation
Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative, Jammu 180001, India
- AcSIR:
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Chetan Kumar
- Natural
Product Chemistry Division, Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- AcSIR:
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180006, India
- PK-PD
and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Nazir Ahmad Lone
- AcSIR:
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180006, India
- PK-PD
and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Satya Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Siya Ram Meena
- Genetic Resource
& Agrotech. Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Inflammation
Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative, Jammu 180001, India
- AcSIR:
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Satti
- Natural
Product Chemistry Division, Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Verma
- Natural
Product Chemistry Division, Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
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20
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Yuan X, He Y, Luo C, Wang W. Leukotriene B4 receptor 2 correlates with prognosis and immune infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:232-244. [PMID: 34633577 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal cancer. According to reports, leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (LTB4R2, also known as BLT2), a chemokine receptor, is upregulated in different tumors. However, the correlation between BLT2 expression and its prognostic value in ccRCC remains to be explored. METHODS This study used the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to evaluate the association between BLT2 expression and the clinical outcome of ccRCC. Based on TIMER2.0, the correlation between BLT2 expression in ccRCC and tumor immune characteristics was evaluated. RESULTS The expression of BLT2 in ccRCC was higher than that in normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that high BLT2 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.75, p < 0.001) and disease-specific survival (HR = 1.60, p = 0.014) for patients with ccRCC. In addition, our findings revealed that there was no significant correlation between the M1 marker genes and the expression of BLT2 in ccRCC, while moderate correlations were observed between the BLT2 expression and the M2 marker genes. Tregs and T cell exhaustion marker genes were positively correlated with BLT2 expression in ccRCC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION BLT2 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and is related to the shaping of tumor immune microenvironment in ccRCC. The expression of BLT2 potentially contributes to the regulation of TAMs, T cell exhaustion, and Tregs activation in ccRCC, providing new approaches to promote the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yuan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenhui Luo
- Scientific Research Office, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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21
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Majumdar R, Tavakoli Tameh A, Arya SB, Parent CA. Exosomes mediate LTB4 release during neutrophil chemotaxis. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001271. [PMID: 34232954 PMCID: PMC8262914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is secreted by chemotactic neutrophils, forming a secondary gradient that amplifies the reach of primary chemoattractants. This strategy increases the recruitment range for neutrophils and is important during inflammation. Here, we show that LTB4 and its synthesizing enzymes localize to intracellular multivesicular bodies, which, upon stimulation, release their content as exosomes. Purified exosomes can activate resting neutrophils and elicit chemotactic activity in an LTB4 receptor-dependent manner. Inhibition of exosome release leads to loss of directional motility with concomitant loss of LTB4 release. Our findings establish that the exosomal pool of LTB4 acts in an autocrine fashion to sensitize neutrophils towards the primary chemoattractant, and in a paracrine fashion to mediate the recruitment of neighboring neutrophils in trans. We envision that this mechanism is used by other signals to foster communication between cells in harsh extracellular environments. Concerns have emerged about the immunoelectron microscopy results originally reported in the article by Majumdar and colleagues [1]. In addition, errors were made in the scale bars reported in Figs 2H and 3D of the same article. Accordingly, this article has been retracted. We are grateful for the opportunity to republish a version of this article in which the electron microscopy data have been removed. None of the major conclusions attained in the original article are affected by the removal of the contentious data. We sincerely apologize to PLOS Biology and the scientific community at large for this occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritankar Majumdar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aidin Tavakoli Tameh
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Subhash B. Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Carole A. Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Nie W, Lan T, Yuan X, Luo M, Shen G, Yu J, Wei X. Crystalline silica induces macrophage necrosis and causes subsequent acute pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:591-609. [PMID: 34170461 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline silica (CS), an airborne particulate, is a major global occupational health hazard. While it is known as an important pathogenic factor in many severe lung diseases, the underlying mechanisms of its toxicity are still unclear. In the present study, we found that intra-tracheal instillation of CS caused rapid emergence of necrotic alveolar macrophages. Cell necrosis was a consequence of the release of cathepsin B in CS-treated macrophages, which caused dysfunction of the mitochondrial membrane. Damage to mitochondria disrupted Na+/K+ ATPase activity in macrophages, leading to intracellular sodium overload and the subsequent cell necrosis. Further studies indicate that CS-induced macrophage necrosis and the subsequent release of mitochondrial DNA could trigger the recruitment of neutrophils in the lung, which was regulated by the TLR9 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results suggest a novel mechanism whereby CS leads to rapid macrophage necrosis through cathepsin B release, following the leakage of mitochondrial DNA as a key event in the induction of pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. This study has important implications for the early prevention and treatment of diseases induced by CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Nie
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobo Shen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayun Yu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Ali I, Dreij K, Baker S, Högberg J, Korhonen A, Stenius U. Application of Text Mining in Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures: A Case Study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:67008. [PMID: 34165340 PMCID: PMC8318069 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer risk assessment of complex exposures, such as exposure to mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is challenging due to the diverse biological activities of these compounds. With the help of text mining (TM), we have developed TM tools-the latest iteration of the Cancer Risk Assessment using Biomedical literature tool (CRAB3) and a Cancer Hallmarks Analytics Tool (CHAT)-that could be useful for automatic literature analyses in cancer risk assessment and research. Although CRAB3 analyses are based on carcinogenic modes of action (MOAs) and cover almost all the key characteristics of carcinogens, CHAT evaluates literature according to the hallmarks of cancer referring to the alterations in cellular behavior that characterize the cancer cell. OBJECTIVES The objective was to evaluate the usefulness of these tools to support cancer risk assessment by performing a case study of 22 European Union and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs and diesel exhaust and a case study of PAH interactions with silica. METHODS We analyzed PubMed literature, comprising 57,498 references concerning priority PAHs and complex PAH mixtures, using CRAB3 and CHAT. RESULTS CRAB3 analyses correctly identified similarities and differences in genotoxic and nongenotoxic MOAs of the 22 priority PAHs and grouped them according to their known carcinogenic potential. CHAT had the same capacity and complemented the CRAB output when comparing, for example, benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene. Both CRAB3 and CHAT analyses highlighted potentially interacting mechanisms within and across complex PAH mixtures and mechanisms of possible importance for interactions with silica. CONCLUSION These data suggest that our TM approach can be useful in the hazard identification of PAHs and mixtures including PAHs. The tools can assist in grouping chemicals and identifying similarities and differences in carcinogenic MOAs and their interactions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Baker
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johan Högberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Korhonen
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Wang B, Wu L, Chen J, Dong L, Chen C, Wen Z, Hu J, Fleming I, Wang DW. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:94. [PMID: 33637672 PMCID: PMC7910446 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology, carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified AA on the inner surface of the cell membrane is hydrolyzed to its free form by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is in turn further metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to a spectrum of bioactive mediators that includes prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETEs), eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), and lipoxins (LXs). Many of the latter mediators are considered to be novel preventive and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, and inflammatory diseases. This review sets out to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of the AA metabolizing pathways and outline the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of AA related to its three main metabolic pathways in CVD and cancer progression will provide valuable insight for developing new therapeutic drugs for CVD and anti-cancer agents such as inhibitors of EETs or 2J2. Thus, we herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, cardiovascular and cancer biology, and the signaling pathways involved in these processes. To explore the role of the AA metabolism and potential therapies, we also introduce the current newly clinical studies targeting AA metabolisms in the different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
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25
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Eskandarpour M, Nunn MA, Weston-Davies W, Calder VL. Immune-Mediated Retinal Vasculitis in Posterior Uveitis and Experimental Models: The Leukotriene (LT)B4-VEGF Axis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020396. [PMID: 33671954 PMCID: PMC7919050 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal vascular diseases have distinct, complex and multifactorial pathogeneses yet share several key pathophysiological aspects including inflammation, vascular permeability and neovascularisation. In non-infectious posterior uveitis (NIU), retinal vasculitis involves vessel leakage leading to retinal enlargement, exudation, and macular oedema. Neovascularisation is not a common feature in NIU, however, detection of the major angiogenic factor—vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)—in intraocular fluids in animal models of uveitis may be an indication for a role for this cytokine in a highly inflammatory condition. Suppression of VEGF-A by directly targeting the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor (BLT1) pathway indicates a connection between leukotrienes (LTs), which have prominent roles in initiating and propagating inflammatory responses, and VEGF-A in retinal inflammatory diseases. Further research is needed to understand how LTs interact with intraocular cytokines in retinal inflammatory diseases to guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting both inflammatory mediator pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Eskandarpour
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miles A. Nunn
- Akari Therapeutics Plc, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (M.A.N.); (W.W.-D.)
| | | | - Virginia L. Calder
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
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26
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Johnson AM, Kleczko EK, Nemenoff RA. Eicosanoids in Cancer: New Roles in Immunoregulation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:595498. [PMID: 33364964 PMCID: PMC7751756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.595498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids represent a family of active biolipids derived from arachidonic acid primarily through the action of cytosolic phospholipase A2-α. Three major downstream pathways have been defined: the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway which produces prostaglandins and thromboxanes; the 5-lipoxygenase pathway (5-LO), which produces leukotrienes, lipoxins and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and the cytochrome P450 pathway which produces epoxygenated fatty acids. In general, these lipid mediators are released and act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion through binding to cell surface receptors. The pattern of eicosanoid production is cell specific, and is determined by cell-specific expression of downstream synthases. Increased eicosanoid production is associated with inflammation and a panel of specific inhibitors have been developed designated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In cancer, eicosanoids are produced both by tumor cells as well as cells of the tumor microenvironment. Earlier studies demonstrated that prostaglandin E2, produced through the action of COX-2, promoted cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in multiple cancers. This resulted in the development of COX-2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents. However, cardiac toxicities associated with these agents limited their use as therapeutic agents. The advent of immunotherapy, especially the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized cancer treatment in multiple malignancies. However, the majority of patients do not respond to these agents as monotherapy, leading to intense investigation of other pathways mediating immunosuppression in order to develop rational combination therapies. Recent data have indicated that PGE2 has immunosuppressive activity, leading to renewed interest in targeting this pathway. However, little is known regarding the role of other eicosanoids in modulating the tumor microenvironment, and regulating anti-tumor immunity. This article reviews the role of eicosanoids in cancer, with a focus on their role in modulating the tumor microenvironment. While the role of PGE2 will be discussed, data implicating other eicosanoids, especially products produced through the lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 pathway will be examined. The existence of small molecular inhibitors and activators of eicosanoid pathways such as specific receptor blockers make them attractive candidates for therapeutic trials, especially in combination with novel immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raphael A. Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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27
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Liu S, Chen D, Li X, Guan M, Zhou Y, Li L, Jia W, Zhou C, Shu C, Wang C, Bai C. Fullerene nanoparticles: a promising candidate for the alleviation of silicosis-associated pulmonary inflammation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17470-17479. [PMID: 32808001 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04401f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to crystalline silica causes the development of silicosis, which is one of the most important occupational diseases worldwide. In the early stage of silicosis, inhaled silica crystals initiate oxidative stress, a cycle of persistent inflammation and lung injury. And it is crucial to prevent the deteriorative progression in the onset of the disease. Herein, we present a promising candidate for the treatment of crystalline silica-induced pulmonary inflammation, using a silicosis mouse model caused by intratracheal instillation based on local administration of β-alanine and hydroxyl functionalized C70 fullerene nanoparticles (FNs). The results demonstrate that FNs could significantly alleviate inflammatory cells infiltration, lower the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduce the destruction of lung architecture stimulated by crystalline silica. Further investigations reveal that FNs could effectively inhibit the activation of NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome, and thus prevent the secretion of mature IL-1β and neutrophil influx, deriving from the superior ROS scavenging capability. Importantly, FNs could not cause any obvious toxicity after pulmonary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daiqin Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mirong Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wang Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunying Shu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunli Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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28
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Tian W, Jiang X, Kim D, Guan T, Nicolls MR, Rockson SG. Leukotrienes in Tumor-Associated Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1289. [PMID: 32973519 PMCID: PMC7466732 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes are biologically active eicosanoid lipid mediators that originate from oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid. Biosynthesis of leukotrienes involves a set of soluble and membrane-bound enzymes that constitute a machinery complex primarily expressed by cells of myeloid origin. Leukotrienes and their synthetic enzymes are critical immune modulators for leukocyte migration. Increased concentrations of leukotrienes are implicated in a number of inflammatory disorders. More recent work indicates that leukotrienes may also interact with a variety of tissue cells, contributing to the low-grade inflammation of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic conditions, as well as that of cancer. Leukotriene signaling contributes to the active tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor growth and resistance to immunotherapy. This review summarizes recent insights into the intricate roles of leukotrienes in promoting tumor growth and metastasis through shaping the tumor microenvironment. The emerging possibilities for pharmacological targeting of leukotriene signaling in tumor metastasis are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dongeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Torrey Guan
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stanley G Rockson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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29
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Synergistic Effect of WTC-Particulate Matter and Lysophosphatidic Acid Exposure and the Role of RAGE: In-Vitro and Translational Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124318. [PMID: 32560330 PMCID: PMC7344461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
World Trade Center particulate matter (WTC-PM)-exposed firefighters with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) have a higher risk of WTC lung injury (WTC-LI). Since macrophages are crucial innate pulmonary mediators, we investigated WTC-PM/lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) co-exposure in macrophages. LPA, a low-density lipoprotein metabolite, is a ligand of the advanced glycation end-products receptor (AGER or RAGE). LPA and RAGE are biomarkers of WTC-LI. Human and murine macrophages were exposed to WTC-PM, and/or LPA, and compared to controls. Supernatants were assessed for cytokines/chemokines; cell lysate immunoblots were assessed for signaling intermediates after 24 h. To explore the translatability of our in-vitro findings, we assessed serum cytokines/chemokines and metabolites of symptomatic, never-smoking WTC-exposed firefighters. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering identified phenotypes of WTC-PM-induced inflammation. WTC-PM induced GM-CSF, IL-8, IL-10, and MCP-1 in THP-1-derived macrophages and induced IL-1α, IL-10, TNF-α, and NF-κB in RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cells. Co-exposure induced synergistic elaboration of IL-10 and MCP-1 in THP-1-derived macrophages. Similarly, co-exposure synergistically induced IL-10 in murine macrophages. Synergistic effects were seen in the context of a downregulation of NF-κB, p-Akt, -STAT3, and -STAT5b. RAGE expression after co-exposure increased in murine macrophages compared to controls. In our integrated analysis, the human cytokine/chemokine biomarker profile of WTC-LI was associated with discriminatory metabolites (fatty acids, sphingolipids, and amino acids). LPA synergistically elaborated WTC-PM’s inflammatory effects in vitro and was partly RAGE-mediated. Further research will focus on the intersection of MetSyn/PM exposure.
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30
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Vis B, Powell JJ, Hewitt RE. Imaging flow cytometry methods for quantitative analysis of label-free crystalline silica particle interactions with immune cells. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2020; 7:144-166. [PMID: 32642556 DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to respirable fractions of crystalline silica quartz dust particles is associated with silicosis, cancer and the development of autoimmune conditions. Early cellular interactions are not well understood, partly due to a lack of suitable technological methods. Improved techniques are needed to better quantify and study high-level respirable crystalline silica exposure in human populations. Techniques that can be applied to complex biological matrices are pivotal to understanding particle-cell interactions and the impact of particles within real, biologically complex environments. In this study, we investigated whether imaging flow cytometry could be used to assess the interactions between cells and crystalline silica when present within complex biological matrices. Using the respirable-size fine quartz crystalline silica dust Min-u-sil® 5, we first validated previous reports that, whilst associating with cells, crystalline silica particles can be detected solely through their differential light scattering profile using conventional flow cytometry. This same property reliably identified crystalline silica in association with primary monocytic cells in vitro using an imaging flow cytometry assay, where darkfield intensity measurements were able to detect crystalline silica concentrations as low as 2.5 μg/mL. Finally, we ultilised fresh whole blood as an exemplary complex biological matrix to test the technique. Even after the increased sample processing required to analyse cells within whole blood, imaging flow cytometry was capable of detecting and assessing silica-association to cells. As expected, in fresh whole blood exposed to crystalline silica, neutrophils and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage phagocytosed the particles. In addition to the use of this technique in in vitro exposure models, this method has the potential to be applied directly to ex vivo diagnostic studies and research models, where the identification of crystalline silica association with cells in complex biological matrices such as bronchial lavage fluids, alongside additional functional and phenotypic cellular readouts, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Vis
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Rachel E Hewitt
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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31
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Dupouy C, Saban L, Dupré-Crochet S. [The lipidosome: the site of LTB 4 synthesis, a mediator of sterile inflammation]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:528-530. [PMID: 32452378 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Dupouy
- M1 Biologie Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laura Saban
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Dupré-Crochet
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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32
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Sasaki F, Yokomizo T. The leukotriene receptors as therapeutic targets of inflammatory diseases. Int Immunol 2020; 31:607-615. [PMID: 31135881 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid. LTs include the di-hydroxy acid LT (LTB4) and the cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs; LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4), all of which are involved in both acute and chronic inflammation. We and other groups identified a high-affinity LTB4 receptor, BLT1; the LTC4 and LTD4 receptors, CysLT1 and CysLT2; and the LTE4 receptor, GPR99. Pharmacological studies have shown that BLT1 signaling stimulates degranulation, chemotaxis and phagocytosis of neutrophils, whereas CysLT1 and CysLT2 signaling induces airway inflammation by increasing vascular permeability and the contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. Recently, we and other groups suggested that the LTB4-BLT1 axis and the cysteinyl LTs-CysLT1/2 axis are involved in chronic inflammatory diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, arthritis, obesity, cancer and age-related macular degeneration using animal models for disease and gene knockout mice. This review describes the classical and novel functions of LTs and their receptors in several inflammatory diseases and discusses the potential clinical applications of antagonists for LT receptors and inhibitors of LT biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Yuan X, Nie W, He Z, Yang J, Shao B, Ma X, Zhang X, Bi Z, Sun L, Liang X, Tie Y, Liu Y, Mo F, Xie D, Wei Y, Wei X. Carbon black nanoparticles induce cell necrosis through lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cause subsequent inflammatory response. Theranostics 2020; 10:4589-4605. [PMID: 32292516 PMCID: PMC7150486 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The adverse health effects of nano-particulate pollutants have attracted much attention in recent years. Carbon nanomaterials are recognized as risk factors for prolonged inflammatory responses and diffuse alveolar injury. Previous research indicated a central role of alveolar macrophages in the pathogenesis of particle-related lung disease, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally instilled with carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs). Cell necrosis and the infiltrated neutrophils in the lungs were detected by flow cytometry. Release of mitochondria was observed with Mito Tracker and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was quantified by qPCR via Taqman probes. TLR9-p38 MAPK signaling pathway was detected by Western blotting. The production of lipid chemoattractant leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in the supernatant and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was quantitated using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results: In the present study, we found that a single instillation of CBNPs induced neutrophil influx in C57BL/6 mice as early as 4 h post-exposure following the rapid appearance of cell damage indicators in BALF at 30 min. Macrophages exposed to CBNPs showed necrotic features and were characterized by lysosome rupture, cathepsin B release, reactive oxygen species generation, and reduced intracellular ATP level. Necrosis was partly inhibited by a specific lysosomal cathepsin B inhibitor CA074 Me. Further analyses suggested that the resulting leakage of mtDNA from the necrotic cells activated neutrophils and triggered severe inflammation in vivo. Pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation induced by mtDNA was reduced in TLR9-/- mice. Additionally, mtDNA induced LTB4 production from macrophages, which may contribute to neutrophil recruitment. Conclusion: We demonstrated here that CBNPs induce acute cell necrosis through lysosomal rupture and that mtDNA released from necrotic cells functions as a key event mediating pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. This study described a novel aspect of the pathogenesis of particle-induced inflammatory response and provided a possible therapeutic target for the regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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34
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Voelkel NF, Peters-Golden M. A new treatment for severe pulmonary arterial hypertension based on an old idea: inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894019882635. [PMID: 32257113 PMCID: PMC7103594 DOI: 10.1177/2045894019882635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been generally accepted that severe forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension are associated with inflammation. Plasma levels in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension show elevated levels of interleukins and mediators of inflammation and histologically the diseased small pulmonary arterioles show infiltrates of inflammatory and immune cells. Here, we review the literature that connects pulmonary hypertension with the arachidonic acid/5-lipoxygenase-derived leukotriens. This mostly preclinical background data together with the availability of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors and leukotriene receptor blockers provide the rationale for testing the hypothesis that 5-lipoxygenase products contribute to the pathobiology of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension in a subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert F. Voelkel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine,
University of Amsterdam Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Division,
University
of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI,
USA
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35
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Masucci MT, Minopoli M, Carriero MV. Tumor Associated Neutrophils. Their Role in Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, Prognosis and Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1146. [PMID: 31799175 PMCID: PMC6874146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor Associated Neutrophils (TANs) are engaged into the tumor microenvironment by cytokines and chemokines, can be distinguished according to their activation and cytokine status and effects on tumor cell growing in N1 and N2 TANs. N1 TANs exert an antitumor activity, by direct or indirect cytotoxicity. N2 TANs stimulate immunosuppression, tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis by DNA instability, or by cytokines and chemokines release. In tumor patients, either a high number of TANs and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) do correlate with poor prognosis, and, so far, TAN counts and NLR can be regarded as biomarkers. Owing to the pivotal role of TANs in stimulating tumor progression, therapeutic strategies to target TANs have been suggested, and two major approaches have been proposed: (a) targeting the CXCL-8/CXCR-1/CXCR-2 axis, thereby blocking TANs or (b) targeting substances produced by polymorpho-nuclear cells that promote tumor growth. Many studies have been accomplished either in vitro and in animal models, whereas clinical studies are restrained, presently, due to the risk of inducing immunosuppression. In this review, we deeply discuss the anti-tumorigenic or pro-tumorigenic activity of TANs. In particular, TANs relevance in tumor prognosis and in vitro therapeutic strategies are widely described. On-going clinical trials, aimed to inhibit neutrophil recruitment into the tumor are also accurately debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Masucci
- Tumor Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Minopoli
- Tumor Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Tumor Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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36
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Ning J, Lin Z, Zhao X, Zhao B, Miao J. Inhibiting lysine 353 oxidation of GRP78 by a hypochlorous probe targeting endoplasmic reticulum promotes autophagy in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:858. [PMID: 31719525 PMCID: PMC6851114 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The level of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in cancer cells is higher than that in non-cancer cells. HOCl is an essential signal for the regulation of cell fate and works mainly through the protein post-translational modifications in cancer cells. However, the mechanism of HOCl regulating autophagy has not been clarified. Here we reported that a HOCl probe named ZBM-H targeted endoplasmic reticulum and induced an intact autophagy flux in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, ZBM-H promoted the binding of GRP78 to AMPK and increased the phosphorylation of AMPK in a dose- and time-dependent manner. GRP78 knockdown inhibited ZBM-H-induced AMPK phosphorylation and ZBM-H-stimulated autophagy. In addition, mass spectrometry combined with point mutation experiments revealed that ZBM-H increased GRP78 activity by inhibiting HOCl-induced lysine 353 oxidation of GRP78. Following ZBM-H treatment in vitro and in vivo, cell growth was significantly inhibited while apoptosis was induced. Nevertheless, exogenous HOCl partially reversed ZBM-H-inhibited cell growth and ZBM-H-induced GRP78 activation. In brief, we found that an endoplasmic reticulum-targeted HOCl probe named ZBM-H, acting through attenuating HOCl-induced GRP78 oxidation, inhibited tumor cell survival by promoting autophagy and apoptosis. Overall, these data demonstrated a novel mechanism of hypochlorous acid regulating autophagy by promoting the oxidation modification of GRP78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ning
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Lin
- Central Research Laboratory, the Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Baoxiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Junying Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
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37
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Alghsham RS, Satpathy SR, Bodduluri SR, Hegde B, Jala VR, Twal W, Burlison JA, Sunkara M, Haribabu B. Zinc Oxide Nanowires Exposure Induces a Distinct Inflammatory Response via CCL11-Mediated Eosinophil Recruitment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2604. [PMID: 31787980 PMCID: PMC6856074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
High aspect ratio zinc oxide nanowires (ZnONWs) have become one of the most important products in nanotechnology. The wide range applications of ZnONWs have heightened the need for evaluating the risks and biological consequences to these particles. In this study, we investigated inflammatory pathways activated by ZnONWs in cultured cells as well as the consequences of systemic exposure in mouse models. Confocal microscopy showed rapid phagocytic uptake of FITC-ZnONWs by macrophages. Exposure of macrophages or lung epithelial cells to ZnONWs induced the production of CCL2 and CCL11. Moreover, ZnONWs exposure induced both IL-6 and TNF-α production only in macrophages but not in LKR13 cells. Intratracheal instillation of ZnONWs in C57BL/6 mice induced a significant increase in the total numbers of immune cells in the broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALFs) 2 days after instillation. Macrophages and eosinophils were the predominant cellular infiltrates of ZnONWs exposed mouse lungs. Similar cellular infiltrates were also observed in a mouse air-pouch model. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α as well as chemokines CCL11, and CCL2 were increased both in BALFs and air-pouch lavage fluids. These results suggest that exposure to ZnONWs may induce distinct inflammatory responses through phagocytic uptake and formation of soluble Zn2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaih S Alghsham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Shuchismita R Satpathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Sobha R Bodduluri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Bindu Hegde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Venkatakrishna R Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Waleed Twal
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Joseph A Burlison
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Mahendra Sunkara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Conn Center for Renewable Energy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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38
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Siiskonen H, Harvima I. Mast Cells and Sensory Nerves Contribute to Neurogenic Inflammation and Pruritus in Chronic Skin Inflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:422. [PMID: 31619965 PMCID: PMC6759746 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intimate interaction between mast cells and sensory nerves can be illustrated by the wheal and surrounding flare in an urticarial reaction in human skin. This reaction is typically associated with an intense itch at the reaction site. Upon activation, cutaneous mast cells release powerful mediators, such as histamine, tryptase, cytokines, and growth factors that can directly stimulate corresponding receptors on itch-mediating sensory nerves. These include, e.g., H1- and H4-receptors, protease-activated receptor-2, IL-31 receptor, and the high-affinity receptor of nerve growth factor (TrkA). On the other hand, sensory nerves can release neuropeptides, including substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide, that are able to stimulate mast cells to release mediators leading to potentiation of the reciprocal interaction, inflammation, and itch. Even though mast cells are well recognized for their role in allergic skin whealing and urticaria, increasing evidence supports the reciprocal function between mast cells and sensory nerves in neurogenic inflammation in chronic skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, which are often characterized by distressing itch, and exacerbated by psychological stress. Increased morphological contacts between mast cells and sensory nerves in the lesional skin in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis as well as experimental models in mice and rats support the essential role for mast cell-sensory nerve communication in consequent pruritus. Therefore, we summarize here the present literature pointing to a close association between mast cells and sensory nerves in pruritic skin diseases as well as review the essential supporting findings on pruritic models in mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Siiskonen
- Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ilkka Harvima
- Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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39
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Young S, Sharma N, Lee JH, Chitu V, Neumeister V, Sohr E, Stanley ER, Hedrich CM, Craig AWB. Mast cells enhance sterile inflammation in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.040097. [PMID: 31416928 PMCID: PMC6737947 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory bone disease, and patients with active or recurrent bone inflammation at multiple sites are diagnosed with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). The Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis (CMO) mouse model develops IL-1β-driven sterile bone lesions reminiscent of severe CRMO. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential involvement of mast cells in CMO/CRMO. Here, we show that mast cells accumulate in inflamed tissues from CMO mice and that mast cell protease Mcpt1 can be detected in the peripheral blood. A transgenic model of connective tissue mast cell depletion (Mcpt5-Cre:Rosa26-Stopfl/fl-DTa) was crossed with CMO mice and the resulting mice (referred to as CMO/MC–) showed a significant delay in disease onset compared with age-matched CMO mice. At 5-6 months of age, CMO/MC– mice had fewer bone lesions and immune infiltration in the popliteal lymph nodes that drain the affected tissues. In bone marrow-derived mast cell cultures from CMO mice, cytokine production in response to the alarmin IL-33 was elevated compared with wild-type cultures. To test the relevance of mast cells to human CRMO, we tested serum samples from a cohort of healthy controls and from CRMO patients at diagnosis. Interestingly, mast cell chymase was elevated in CRMO patients as well as in patients with oligoarticular juvenile arthritis. Tryptase-positive mast cells were also detected in bone lesions from CRMO patients and patients with bacterial osteomyelitis. Together, our results identify mast cells as cellular contributors to bone inflammation in CMO/CRMO and provide rationale for further study of mast cells as therapeutic targets. Summary: This paper reports that mast cells promote bone loss in an autoinflammatory disease model and that mast cell mediators were detected in autoinflammatory disease patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Young
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Namit Sharma
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Volker Neumeister
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sohr
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK.,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK
| | - Andrew W B Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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40
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Divsalar A, Divsalar H, Dods MN, Prosser RW, Tsotsis TT. Field Testing of a UV Photodecomposition Reactor for Siloxane Removal from Landfill Gas. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Divsalar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Hasan Divsalar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Matthew N. Dods
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Richard W. Prosser
- GC Environmental, Inc., 1230 North Jefferson Street, Suite J, Anaheim, California 92807, United States
| | - Theodore T. Tsotsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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41
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Jo-Watanabe A, Okuno T, Yokomizo T. The Role of Leukotrienes as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Allergic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143580. [PMID: 31336653 PMCID: PMC6679143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators that play pivotal roles in acute and chronic inflammation and allergic diseases. They exert their biological effects by binding to specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Each LT receptor subtype exhibits unique functions and expression patterns. LTs play roles in various allergic diseases, including asthma (neutrophilic asthma and aspirin-sensitive asthma), allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and anaphylaxis. This review summarizes the biology of LTs and their receptors, recent developments in the area of anti-LT strategies (in settings such as ongoing clinical studies), and prospects for future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Jo-Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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42
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Inhibition of LTA4H by bestatin in human and mouse colorectal cancer. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:361-374. [PMID: 31085102 PMCID: PMC6604047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our preclinical data showed that the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) pathway plays a role in colorectal cancer (CRC). High expression of LTA4H and leukotriene B4 receptor type 1 (BLT1) were also associated with CRC survival probability. Clinical samples were evaluated to determine whether LTA4H could serve as a therapeutic target and whether leukotriene B4 (LTB4) could be used as a biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of bestatin in CRC. Methods Patients with Stage I-III CRC did or did not receive bestatin prior to surgery. Evaluable pairwise CRC patient blood samples were collected to evaluate LTB4 concentration. Tissues were processed by immunohistochemistry to detect the LTA4H pathway and Ki-67 expression. We also determined whether LTA4H or BLT1 was associated with CRC survival probability and explored the mechanism of bestatin action in CRC. Findings Samples from 13 CRC patients showed a significant decrease in LTB4, the LTA4H signaling pathway, and Ki-67 in the bestatin-treated group compared with the untreated group. LTA4H and BLT1 are overexpressed in CRC and associated with CRC survival probability. Bestatin effectively inhibited LTB4 and tumorigenesis in the ApcMin/+ and CRC patient-derived xenograft mouse model. Interpretation These results demonstrate that LTB4 could serve as a biomarker for evaluating bestatin efficacy in CRC and the antitumor effects of bestatin through its targeting of LTA4H and support further studies focusing on LTA4H inhibition in CRC.
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Shankar A, Dubey A, Saini D, Singh M, Prasad CP, Roy S, Bharati SJ, Rinki M, Singh N, Seth T, Khanna M, Sethi N, Kumar S, Sirohi B, Mohan A, Guleria R, Rath GK. Environmental and occupational determinants of lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:S31-S49. [PMID: 31211104 PMCID: PMC6546634 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer has become a global problem, from a rare disease to an emerging public health issue. The current data of GLOBOCAN 2018, indicates that this disease has recorded highest mortality among all types of cancer. The etiological factors of lung cancer have become more multiplex because of increasing industrialization and environmental pollution around the world, especially in India. There is a rise in incidence of lung cancer among non-smokers and this can be attributed to environmental and occupational exposure to various kinds of hazardous substances. Target mutations are high in Lung cancer among non-smokers when compared to smokers. Some developed countries have guidelines and policies for prevention and control of risk factors focusing on these issues. Intervention aiming for primary prevention can be an important and cost-effective tool in developing countries to deal with increasing incidence of lung cancer. There is a need to define high risk group among non-smokers after taking into account environmental and occupational determinants as important risk factors. Research on etiology of lung cancer and prevention provides evidence to work on global incidence and prevalence of lung cancer, and for designing cost effective lung cancer prevention strategies. Research in the area of lung cancer prevention should be considered to recognize the areas where action is required to prevent environment and occupation related lung cancer. The government and occupational health and safety organizations have taken many steps in the last few years that can help to protect workers from these exposures. But the dangers are still there, so there is a need to do more to limit these exposures around workplace. This whole situation guides us to advocate population-based intervention along with policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shankar
- Preventive Oncology, Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Anusha Dubey
- Indian Society of Clinical Oncology, Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Saini
- Indian Society of Clinical Oncology, Delhi, India
| | - Mayank Singh
- Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Prasad
- Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Shubham Roy
- Indian Society of Clinical Oncology, Delhi, India
| | - Sachidanand Jee Bharati
- Oncoanaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Minakshi Rinki
- Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, Delhi University, Delhi, India
| | - Navneet Singh
- Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tulika Seth
- Clinical Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Surgical Oncology, Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Sirohi
- Medical Oncology, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Goura Kishor Rath
- Radiation Oncology, Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Blockage of TGF- α Induced by Spherical Silica Nanoparticles Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Proliferation of Human Lung Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8231267. [PMID: 30906781 PMCID: PMC6398060 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8231267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background. Xuanwei City in Yunnan province has been one of the towns with highest lung cancer mortality in China. The high content of amorphous silica in the bituminous coal from Xuanwei of Yunnan is mainly present as irregular and spherical silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). It has been reported that silica nanoparticles in bituminous coal correlated with the high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei. To explore the role and mechanism of SiNPs in the tumorigenesis of lung cancer in Xuanwei, human mononuclear cells (THP-1) and human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were cocultured in a transwell chamber. Combined with Benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, and 10-epoxide (BPDE), SiNPs could significantly promote the proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and inhibit apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells and induce the release of TGF-α from THP-1 cells. After neutralizing TGF-α with antibody, the proliferation and EMT were decreased and enhanced apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, the results showed that TGF-α in the sera of patients with lung adenocarcinoma in Xuanwei were significantly higher than in patients with benign pulmonary lesions in Xuanwei and those with lung adenocarcinoma in outside of Xuanwei of Yunnan. Taken together, our study found that SiNPs promoted the proliferation and EMT of BEAS-2B cells by inducing the release of TGF-α from THP-1 cells.
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Evans SJ, Clift MJD, Singh N, Wills JW, Hondow N, Wilkinson TS, Burgum MJ, Brown AP, Jenkins GJ, Doak SH. In vitro detection of in vitro secondary mechanisms of genotoxicity induced by engineered nanomaterials. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:8. [PMID: 30760282 PMCID: PMC6374901 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that toxicological evaluation of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) is vital to ensure the health and safety of those exposed to them. Further, there is a distinct need for the development of advanced physiologically relevant in vitro techniques for NM hazard prediction due to the limited predictive power of current in vitro models and the unsustainability of conducting nano-safety evaluations in vivo. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop alternative in vitro approaches to assess the potential of NMs to induce genotoxicity by secondary mechanisms. RESULTS This was first undertaken by a conditioned media-based technique, whereby cell culture media was transferred from differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1) macrophages treated with γ-Fe2O3 or Fe3O4 superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to the bronchial cell line 16HBE14o-. Secondly construction and SPION treatment of a co-culture model comprising of 16HBE14o- cells and dTHP-1 macrophages. For both of these approaches no cytotoxicity was detected and chromosomal damage was evaluated by the in vitro micronucleus assay. Genotoxicity assessment was also performed using 16HBE14o- monocultures, which demonstrated only γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles to be capable of inducing chromosomal damage. In contrast, immune cell conditioned media and dual cell co-culture SPION treatments showed both SPION types to be genotoxic to 16HBE14o- cells due to secondary genotoxicity promoted by SPION-immune cell interaction. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study demonstrate that the approach of using single in vitro cell test systems precludes the ability to consider secondary genotoxic mechanisms. Consequently, the use of multi-cell type models is preferable as they better mimic the in vivo environment and thus offer the potential to enhance understanding and detection of a wider breadth of potential damage induced by NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Evans
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Martin J D Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Neenu Singh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Life Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - John W Wills
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Nicole Hondow
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas S Wilkinson
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Michael J Burgum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Andy P Brown
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gareth J Jenkins
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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Peruzzi C, Nascimento S, Gauer B, Nardi J, Sauer E, Göethel G, Cestonaro L, Fão N, Cattani S, Paim C, Souza J, Gnoatto D, Garcia SC. Inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers at protein and molecular levels in workers occupationally exposed to crystalline silica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1394-1405. [PMID: 30426371 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Workers chronically exposed to respirable crystalline silica (CS) are susceptible to adverse health effects like silicosis and lung cancer. This study aimed to investigate potential early peripheral biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in miners. The subjects enrolled in this study were occupationally unexposed workers (OUW, n = 29) and workers exposed to crystalline silica (WECS), composed by miners, which were divided into two subgroups: workers without silicosis (WECS I, n = 39) and workers diagnosed with silicosis, retired from work (WECS II, n = 42). The following biomarkers were evaluated: gene expression of L-selectin, CXCL2, CXCL8 (IL-8), HO-1, and p53; malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma levels and non-protein thiol levels in erythrocytes. Additionally, protein expression of L-selectin was evaluated to confirm our previous findings. The results demonstrated that gene expression of L-selectin was decreased in the WECS I group when compared to the OUW group (p < 0.05). Regarding gene expression of CXCL2, CXCL8 (IL-8), HO-1, and p53, significant fold change decreases were observed in workers exposed to CS in relation to unexposed workers (p < 0.05). The results of L-selectin protein expression in lymphocyte surface corroborated with our previous findings; thus, significant downregulation in the WECS groups was observed compared to OUW group (p < 0.05). The MDA was negatively associated with the gene expression of CXCL-2, CXCL8 (IL-8), and p53 (p < 0.05). The participants with silicosis (WECS II) presented significant increased non-protein thiol levels in relation to other groups (p < 0.05). Taken together, our findings may contribute to help the knowledge about the complex mechanisms involved in the silicosis pathogenesis and in the risk of lung cancer development in workers chronically exposed to respirable CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Peruzzi
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Nascimento
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gauer
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Nardi
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Sauer
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Göethel
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cestonaro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nuryan Fão
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Shanda Cattani
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Paim
- FUNDACENTRO, Fundação Jorge Duprat e Figueiredo, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Souza
- Unidade Regional de Saúde do Trabalhador (UREST), Ametista do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Gnoatto
- Unidade Regional de Saúde do Trabalhador (UREST), Ametista do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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SenGupta S, Subramanian BC, Parent CA. Getting TANned: How the tumor microenvironment drives neutrophil recruitment. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:449-462. [PMID: 30549315 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri0718-282r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The directed migration of neutrophils to sites of injury or infection is mediated by complex networks of chemoattractant-receptor signaling cascades. The recent appreciation of neutrophils as active participants in tumor progression and metastasis has drawn attention to a number of chemokine-receptor systems that may drive their recruitment to tumors. However, the dynamic nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) along with the phenotypic diversity among tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) call for a more comprehensive approach to understand neutrophil trafficking to tumors. Here, we review recent advances in understanding how guidance cues underlie neutrophil migration to primary and secondary tumor sites. We also discuss how the presence of other myeloid cells, such as functionally diverse subsets of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), can further influence neutrophil accumulation in tumors. Finally, we highlight the importance of hypoxia sensing in localizing TAMs and TANs in the tumor niche and provide a cohesive view on how both myeloid cell types shape TME-associated extracellular matrix organization, which in turn contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvasree SenGupta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bhagawat C Subramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carole A Parent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Divsalar A, Entesari N, Dods MN, Prosser RW, Egolfopoulos FN, Tsotsis TT. A UV photodecomposition reactor for siloxane removal from biogas: Modeling aspects. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wei J, Gronert K. Eicosanoid and Specialized Proresolving Mediator Regulation of Lymphoid Cells. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 44:214-225. [PMID: 30477730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids and specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) regulate leukocyte function and inflammation. They are ideally positioned at the interface of the innate and adaptive immune responses when lymphocytes interact with leukocytes. Receptors for leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and SPMs are expressed on lymphocytes. Evidence points toward an essential role of these lipid mediators (LMs) in direct regulation of lymphocyte functions. SPMs, which include lipoxins, demonstrate comprehensive protective actions with lymphocytes. LTB4 and PGE2 regulation of lymphocytes is diverse and depends on the interaction of lymphocytes with other cells. Importantly, both LTB4 and PGE2 are essential regulators of T cell antitumor activity. These LMs are attractive therapeutic targets to control dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses, promote lymphocyte antitumor activity, and prevent tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wei
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Huaux F. Emerging Role of Immunosuppression in Diseases Induced by Micro- and Nano-Particles: Time to Revisit the Exclusive Inflammatory Scenario. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2364. [PMID: 30510551 PMCID: PMC6252316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, cancer, and autoimmunity developing upon particle exposure have been exclusively linked with uncontrolled inflammatory processes. The critical role of inflammation is now challenged by several contradictory observations indicating that the emergence of these chronic disorders may result from non-inflammatory events. A growing number of studies reveals that micro- and nano-particles can cause exaggerated and persistent immunosuppression characterized by the release of potent anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β), and the recruitment of major regulatory immune cells (M2 macrophages, T and B regs, and MDSC). This persistent immunosuppressive environment is initially established to limit early inflammation but contributes later to fibrosis, cancer, and infection. Immunosuppression promotes fibroblast proliferation and matrix element synthesis and subverts innate and adaptive immune surveillance against tumor cells and microorganisms. This review details the contribution of immunosuppressive cells and their derived immunoregulatory mediators and delineates the mutual role of inflammatory vs. immunosuppressive mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases induced by particles. The consideration of these new results explains how particle-related diseases can develop independently of chronic inflammation, enriches current bioassays predicting particle toxicity and suggests new clinical strategies for treating patients affected by particle-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Huaux
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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