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Ahuja A, Zboinski E, das S, Zhu X, Ma Q, Xie Y, Tu Q, Chen J. Antidiabetic features of AdipoAI, a novel AdipoR agonist. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3910. [PMID: 38269524 PMCID: PMC10811407 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an antidiabetic endogenous adipokine that plays a protective role against the unfavorable metabolic sequelae of obesity. Recent evidence suggests a sinister link between hypoadiponectinemia and development of insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adiponectin's insulin-sensitizing property is mediated through the specific adiponectin receptors R1 and R2, which activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α pathways. AdipoAI is a novel synthetic analogue of endogenous adiponectin with possibly similar pharmacological effects. Thus, there is a need of orally active small molecules that activate Adipoq subunits, and their downstream signaling, which could ameliorate obesity related type 2 diabetes. In the study we aim to investigate the effects of AdipoAI on obesity and T2D. Through in-vitro and in-vivo analyses, we investigated the antidiabetic potentials of AdipoAI and compared it with AdipoRON, another orally active adiponectin receptors agonist. Our results showed that in-vitro treatment of AdipoAI (0-5 µM) increased adiponectin receptor subunits AdipoR1/R2 with increase in AMPK and APPL1 protein expression in C2C12 myotubes. Similarly, in-vivo, oral administration of AdipoAI (25 mg/kg) observed similar effects as that of AdipoRON (50 mg/kg) with improved control of blood glucose and insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice models. Further, AdipoAI significantly reduced epididymal fat content with decrease in inflammatory markers and increase in PPAR-α and AMPK levels and exhibited hepatoprotective effects in liver. Further, AdipoAI and AdipoRON also observed similar results in adipose tissue. Thus, our results suggest that low doses of orally active small molecule agonist of adiponectin AdipoAI can be a promising therapeutic target for obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Ahuja
- Division of Oral Biology, Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elissa Zboinski
- Division of Oral Biology, Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Siddhartha das
- Division of Oral Biology, Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaofang Zhu
- Division of Oral Biology, Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Ma
- Division of Oral Biology, Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of General Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Division of Oral Biology, Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jake Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dept. of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts School of Medicine; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Vinaixa M, Canelles S, González-Murillo Á, Ferreira V, Grajales D, Guerra-Cantera S, Campillo-Calatayud A, Ramírez-Orellana M, Yanes Ó, Frago LM, Valverde ÁM, Barrios V. Increased Hypothalamic Anti-Inflammatory Mediators in Non-Diabetic Insulin Receptor Substrate 2-Deficient Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082085. [PMID: 34440853 PMCID: PMC8391514 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 2 is a key mediator of insulin signaling and IRS-2 knockout (IRS2−/−) mice are a preclinical model to study the development of diabetes, as they develop peripheral insulin resistance and beta-cell failure. The differential inflammatory profile and insulin signaling in the hypothalamus of non-diabetic (ND) and diabetic (D) IRS2−/− mice might be implicated in the onset of diabetes. Because the lipid profile is related to changes in inflammation and insulin sensitivity, we analyzed whether ND IRS2−/− mice presented a different hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism and lipid pattern than D IRS2−/− mice and the relationship with inflammation and markers of insulin sensitivity. ND IRS2−/− mice showed elevated hypothalamic anti-inflammatory cytokines, while D IRS2−/− mice displayed a proinflammatory profile. The increased activity of enzymes related to the pentose-phosphate route and lipid anabolism and elevated polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were found in the hypothalamus of ND IRS2−/− mice. Conversely, D IRS2−/− mice have no changes in fatty acid composition, but hypothalamic energy balance and markers related to anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties were reduced. The data suggest that the concurrence of an anti-inflammatory profile, increased insulin sensitivity and polyunsaturated fatty acids content in the hypothalamus may slow down or delay the onset of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vinaixa
- Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, E-43002 Tarragona, Spain; (M.V.); (Ó.Y.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (S.G.-C.); (A.C.-C.); (L.M.F.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - África González-Murillo
- Unidad de Terapias Avanzadas, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-M.); (M.R.-O.)
| | - Vítor Ferreira
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.); (D.G.)
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Grajales
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.); (D.G.)
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Guerra-Cantera
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (S.G.-C.); (A.C.-C.); (L.M.F.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Campillo-Calatayud
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (S.G.-C.); (A.C.-C.); (L.M.F.)
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Orellana
- Unidad de Terapias Avanzadas, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-M.); (M.R.-O.)
| | - Óscar Yanes
- Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, E-43002 Tarragona, Spain; (M.V.); (Ó.Y.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Laura M. Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (S.G.-C.); (A.C.-C.); (L.M.F.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.); (D.G.)
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (Á.M.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (S.G.-C.); (A.C.-C.); (L.M.F.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (Á.M.V.); (V.B.)
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Predictors of HbA1c among Adipocytokine Biomarkers in African-American Men with Varied Glucose Tolerance. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110520. [PMID: 33233515 PMCID: PMC7699586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored adipocytokine associations with acute and chronic hyperglycemia in African-American men (AAM). Fourteen adipocytokines were measured from men with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or type 2 diabetes (T2D, drug-naïve MF(-) or using metformin MF(+)). Acute and chronic hyperglycemia were evaluated by 120 min oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). AAM with T2D (n = 21) compared to NGT (n = 20) were older, had higher BMI and slightly higher glucose and insulin. In the fasted state, TNF-α, IL-6, PAI-1, IL-13, adiponectin, adipsin, and lipocalin were lower in T2D vs. NGT. At 120 min post-glucose load, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-13, IL-8, PAI-1, adiponectin, adipsin, lipocalin, and resistin were lower in T2D vs. NGT. There were no statistical differences for GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-10, IP-10, and MCP-1. Regression analysis showed that fasting IL-8, TNF-α, adiponectin, lipocalin, resistin, adipsin, and PAI-1 were associated with HbA1c. After adjusting for age, BMI, glucose tolerance, and metformin use, only adipsin remained significantly associated with HbA1c (p = 0.021). The model including adipsin, TNF-α, age, BMI, and group designation (i.e., NGT, MF(-), MF(+)) explained 86% of HbA1c variability. The data suggested that adipsin could be associated with HbA1c in AAM with varied glucose tolerance.
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Luo J, Zheng M, Jiang B, Li C, Guo S, Wang L, Li X, Yu R, Shi D. Antidiabetic activity in vitro and in vivo of BDB, a selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, from Rhodomela confervoides. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4464-4480. [PMID: 32663313 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B (PTP1B) plays a critical role in the regulation of obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. However, drug candidates exhibiting PTP1B selectivity and oral bioavailability are currently lacking. Here, the enzyme inhibitory characteristics and pharmacological benefits of 3-bromo-4,5-bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-1,2-benzenediol (BDB) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay was performed to validate the direct binding of BDB to PTP1B, and Lineweaver-Burk analysis of the enzyme kinetics was used to characterise the inhibition by BDB. Both in vitro enzyme-inhibition assays and SPR experiments were also conducted to study the selectivity exhibited by BDB towards four other PTP-family proteins: TC-PTP, SHP-1, SHP-2, and LAR. C2C12 myotubes were used to evaluate cellular permeability to BDB. Effects of BDB on insulin signalling, hypoglycaemia and hypolipidaemia were investigated in diabetic BKS db mice, after oral gavage. The beneficial effects of BDB on pancreatic islets were examined based on insulin and/or glucagon staining. KEY RESULTS BDB acted as a competitive inhibitor of PTP1B and demonstrated high selectivity for PTP1B among the tested PTP-family proteins. Moreover, BDB was cell-permeable and enhanced insulin signalling in C2C12 myotubes. Lastly, oral administration of BDB produced effective antidiabetic effects in spontaneously diabetic mice and markedly improved islet architecture, which was coupled with an increase in the ratio of β-cells to α-cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS BDB application offers a potentially practical pharmacological approach for treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus by selectively inhibiting PTP1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Luo
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuju Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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5
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Arcidiacono B, Chiefari E, Foryst-Ludwig A, Currò G, Navarra G, Brunetti FS, Mirabelli M, Corigliano DM, Kintscher U, Britti D, Mollace V, Foti DP, Goldfine ID, Brunetti A. Obesity-related hypoxia via miR-128 decreases insulin-receptor expression in human and mouse adipose tissue promoting systemic insulin resistance. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102912. [PMID: 32739259 PMCID: PMC7502675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), skeletal muscle and liver is a prominent feature of most patients with obesity. How this association arises remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that the decrease in insulin receptor (INSR) expression and insulin signaling in VAT from obese individuals is an early molecular manifestation that might play a crucial role in the cascade of events leading to systemic insulin resistance. Methods To clarify the role of INSR and insulin signaling in adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, we first measured INSR expression in VAT samples from normal-weight subjects and patients with different degrees of obesity. We complemented these studies with experiments on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and in human and murine adipocyte cultures, in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Findings An inverse correlation was observed between increasing body mass index and decreasing INSR expression in VAT of obese humans. Our results indicate that VAT-specific downregulation of INSR is an early event in obesity-related adipose cell dysfunction, which increases systemic insulin resistance in both obese humans and mice. We also provide evidence that obesity-related hypoxia in VAT plays a determinant role in this scenario by decreasing INSR mRNA stability. This decreased stability is through the activation of a miRNA (miR-128) that downregulates INSR expression in adipocytes. Interpretation We present a novel pathogenic mechanism of reduced INSR expression and insulin signaling in adipocytes. Our data provide a new explanation linking obesity with systemic insulin resistance. Funding This work was partly supported by a grant from Nutramed (PON 03PE000_78_1) and by the European Commission (FESR FSE 2014-2020 and Regione Calabria).
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Arcidiacono
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eusebio Chiefari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Currò
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Navarra
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age, University Hospital of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco S Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Mirabelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenica M Corigliano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela P Foti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ira D Goldfine
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 94143 San Francisco, USA
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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Moorthi RN, Doshi S, Fried LF, Moe SM, Sarnak MJ, Satterfield S, Schwartz AV, Shlipak M, Lange-Maia BS, Harris TB, Newman AB, Strotmeyer ES. Chronic kidney disease and peripheral nerve function in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:625-632. [PMID: 29757410 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with poor mobility. Peripheral nerve function alterations play a significant role in low mobility. We tested the hypothesis that early CKD is associated with altered sensory, motor and autonomic nerve function. METHODS Participants in the Health, Aging and Body Composition cohort who had kidney function measures in Year 3 (1999-2000) and nerve function measurements at Year 4 (2000-01) were analyzed (n = 2290). Sensory (vibration threshold, monofilament insensitivity to light and standard touch), motor [compound motor action potentials (CMAPs), nerve conduction velocities (NCVs)] and autonomic (heart rate response and recovery after a 400-m walk test) nerve function as well as participant characteristics were compared across cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate categorized as ≤60 (CKD) or >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (non-CKD). The association between CKD and nerve function was examined with logistic regression adjusted for covariates. RESULTS Participants with CKD (n = 476) were older (77 ± 3 versus 75 ± 3 years; P < 0.05) and had a higher prevalence of diabetes (20.6% versus 13.1%; P < 0.001). CKD was associated with higher odds for vibration detection threshold {odds ratio [OR] 1.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.7]} and light touch insensitivity [OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.7)]. CMAPs and NCVs were not significantly different between CKD and non-CKD patients. In adjusted analyses, participants with CKD had higher odds of an abnormal heart rate response [OR 1.6 (95% CI 1.1-2.2)] and poor heart rate recovery [OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.0)]. CONCLUSIONS CKD is associated with changes in sensory and autonomic nerve function, even after adjustment for demographics and comorbidities, including diabetes. Longitudinal studies in CKD are needed to determine the contribution of nerve impairments to clinically important outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjani N Moorthi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Simit Doshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Linda F Fried
- Renal Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark J Sarnak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne Satterfield
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Shlipak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brittney S Lange-Maia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Community Health Equity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology, and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elsa S Strotmeyer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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7
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Jung D, Bucher F, Ryu S, Jeong J, Lee BY, Jeong Y, Kim MS, Oh YS, Baek MC, Yoon JH, Yea K. An adiponectin receptor agonist antibody stimulates glucose uptake and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Cytokine 2019; 126:154863. [PMID: 31629112 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Ad) is a representative adipocytokine that regulates energy homeostasis including glucose transport and lipid oxidation through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. Plasma levels of Ad are reduced in obesity, which contributes to type 2 diabetes. Therefore, agents that activate the Ad signaling pathway could ameliorate metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Here, we report the identification of a high-affinitive agonist antibody against Ad receptors. The antibody was selected by using phage display of human combinatorial antibody libraries. The selected antibody induced phosphorylation of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and AMPK in skeletal muscle cells and stimulated glucose uptake and fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) in myotubes. In addition, the antibody significantly lowered blood glucose levels during a glucose challenge in normal mice as well as basal blood glucose levels in a type 2 diabetic mouse model. Taken together, these results suggest that the agonist antibody could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of metabolic syndrome such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyung Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Felicitas Bucher
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Suyeon Ryu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Jeong
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Yong Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngtae Jeong
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok S Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoo Yea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Rudman N, Gornik O, Lauc G. Altered N-glycosylation profiles as potential biomarkers and drug targets in diabetes. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1598-1615. [PMID: 31215021 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a ubiquitous protein modification, and N-glycosylation profiles are emerging as both biomarkers and functional effectors in various types of diabetes. Genome-wide association studies identified glycosyltransferase genes as candidate causal genes for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Studies focused on N-glycosylation changes in type 2 diabetes demonstrated that patients can be distinguished from healthy controls based on N-glycome composition. In addition, individuals at an increased risk of future disease development could be identified based on N-glycome profiles. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that N-glycans have a major role in preventing the impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by maintaining the glucose transporter in proper orientation, indicating that interindividual variation in protein N-glycosylation might be a novel risk factor contributing to diabetes development. Defective N-glycosylation of T cells has been implicated in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. Furthermore, studies of N-glycan alterations have successfully been used to identify individuals with rare types of diabetes (such as the HNF1A-MODY), and also to evaluate functional significance of novel diabetes-associated mutations. In conclusion, both N-glycans and glycosyltransferases emerge as potential therapeutic targets in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najda Rudman
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Gaster M. The diabetic phenotype is preserved in myotubes established from type 2 diabetic subjects: a critical appraisal. APMIS 2018; 127:3-26. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gaster
- Laboratory for Molecular Physiology Department of Pathology and Department of Endocrinology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
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10
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Ugrankar R, Theodoropoulos P, Akdemir F, Henne WM, Graff JM. Circulating glucose levels inversely correlate with Drosophila larval feeding through insulin signaling and SLC5A11. Commun Biol 2018; 1:110. [PMID: 30271990 PMCID: PMC6123810 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, blood glucose levels likely play a role in appetite regulation yet the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain opaque. Mechanisms can often be explored from Drosophila genetic approaches. To determine if circulating sugars might be involved in Drosophila feeding behaviors, we scored hemolymph glucose and trehalose, and food ingestion in larvae subjected to various diets, genetic mutations, or RNAi. We found that larvae with glucose elevations, hyperglycemia, have an aversion to feeding; however, trehalose levels do not track with feeding behavior. We further discovered that insulins and SLC5A11 may participate in glucose-regulated feeding. To see if food aversion might be an appropriate screening method for hyperglycemia candidates, we developed a food aversion screen to score larvae with abnormal feeding for glucose. We found that many feeding defective larvae have glucose elevations. These findings highlight intriguing roles for glucose in fly biology as a potential cue and regulator of appetite. Rupali Ugrankar et al. show that Drosophila larvae with high levels of circulating glucose, but not trehalose, don’t eat much. This study suggests that circulating glucose communicates with insulin signaling and the sodium/solute co-transporter SLC5A11 in the brain to suppress larval appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Ugrankar
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Pano Theodoropoulos
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Fatih Akdemir
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences, Medical Biology, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - W Mike Henne
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jonathan M Graff
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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11
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Drosophila melanogaster as a Model for Diabetes Type 2 Progression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1417528. [PMID: 29854726 PMCID: PMC5941822 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1417528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a very versatile and potent model in the past few years for studies in metabolism and metabolic disorders, including diabetes types 1 and 2. Drosophila insulin signaling, despite having seven insulin-like peptides with partially redundant functions, is very similar to the human insulin pathway and has served to study many different aspects of diabetes and the diabetic state. Yet, very few studies have addressed the chronic nature of diabetes, key for understanding the full-blown disease, which most studies normally explore. One of the advantages of having Drosophila mutant viable combinations at different levels of the insulin pathway, with significantly reduced insulin pathway signaling, is that the abnormal metabolic state can be studied from the onset of the life cycle and followed throughout. In this review, we look at the chronic nature of impaired insulin signaling. We also compare these results to the results gleaned from vertebrate model studies.
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12
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Lutz SZ, Ullrich A, Häring HU, Ullrich S, Gerst F. Sunitinib specifically augments glucose-induced insulin secretion. Cell Signal 2017; 36:91-97. [PMID: 28449948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib is used for the treatment of numerous cancers in humans. In diabetic patients, sunitinib lowers blood glucose levels and improves glycaemic control. This study aims to analyse whether sunitinib has specific and direct effects on insulin secreting β-cells. Regulation of insulin secretion, of cellular cAMP levels and activation of signalling pathways were examined upon exposure of rat insulinoma INS-1E cells to sunitinib under specific stimulatory and inhibitory conditions. Secreted insulin and cellular cAMP levels were measured using RIA and ELISA, respectively. Protein phosphorylations were examined on western blots. Sunitinib enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) concentration-dependently, reaching a maximal stimulation at 2μM. Sunitinib further augmented insulin secretion in the presence of elevated cAMP levels and the FFAR1 agonists. Adrenaline and the PKA inhibitor H89 counteracted the stimulatory effect of sunitinib on secretion. However, sunitinib altered neither the cellular levels of cAMP nor the phosphorylation of PKA. Sunitinib did not reduce IGF-1-induced phosphorylation of AKT/PKB and ERK1/2. In conclusion, these results suggest that sunitinib stimulates GIIS by a direct effect on β-cells, which may contribute to the glucose-lowering action of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Z Lutz
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases IDM of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Axel Ullrich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases IDM of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Ullrich
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases IDM of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felicia Gerst
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases IDM of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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13
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Impacts of Nonsynonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Adiponectin Receptor 1 Gene on Corresponding Protein Stability: A Computational Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9142190. [PMID: 27294143 PMCID: PMC4884590 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9142190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the reported association of adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) gene mutations with vulnerability to several human metabolic diseases, there is lack of computational analysis on the functional and structural impacts of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the human ADIPOR1 at protein level. Therefore, sequence- and structure-based computational tools were employed in this study to functionally and structurally characterize the coding nsSNPs of ADIPOR1 gene listed in the dbSNP database. Our in silico analysis by SIFT, nsSNPAnalyzer, PolyPhen-2, Fathmm, I-Mutant 2.0, SNPs&GO, PhD-SNP, PANTHER, and SNPeffect tools identified the nsSNPs with distorting functional impacts, namely, rs765425383 (A348G), rs752071352 (H341Y), rs759555652 (R324L), rs200326086 (L224F), and rs766267373 (L143P) from 74 nsSNPs of ADIPOR1 gene. Finally the aforementioned five deleterious nsSNPs were introduced using Swiss-PDB Viewer package within the X-ray crystal structure of ADIPOR1 protein, and changes in free energy for these mutations were computed. Although increased free energy was observed for all the mutants, the nsSNP H341Y caused the highest energy increase amongst all. RMSD and TM scores predicted that mutants were structurally similar to wild type protein. Our analyses suggested that the aforementioned variants especially H341Y could directly or indirectly destabilize the amino acid interactions and hydrogen bonding networks of ADIPOR1.
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14
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Tatulian SA. Structural Dynamics of Insulin Receptor and Transmembrane Signaling. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5523-32. [PMID: 26322622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) is a (αβ)2-type transmembrane tyrosine kinase that plays a central role in cell metabolism. Each αβ heterodimer consists of an extracellular ligand-binding α-subunit and a membrane-spanning β-subunit that comprises the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (TK) domain and the phosphorylation sites. The α- and β-subunits are linked via a single disulfide bridge, and the (αβ)2 tetramer is formed by disulfide bonds between the α-chains. Insulin binding induces conformational changes in IR that reach the intracellular β-subunit followed by a protein phosphorylation and activation cascade. Defects in this signaling process, including IR dysfunction caused by mutations, result in type 2 diabetes. Rational drug design aimed at treatment of diabetes relies on knowledge of the detailed structure of IR and the dynamic structural transformations during transmembrane signaling. Recent X-ray crystallographic studies have provided important clues about the mode of binding of insulin to IR, the resulting structural changes and their transmission to the TK domain, but a complete understanding of the structural basis underlying insulin signaling has not been achieved. This review presents a critical analysis of the current status of the structure-function relationship of IR, with a comparative assessment of the other IR family receptors, and discusses potential advancements that may provide insight into the molecular mechanism of insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suren A Tatulian
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida , 4111 Libra Drive, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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15
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Coppari R. Hypothalamic neurones governing glucose homeostasis. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:399-405. [PMID: 25778859 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The notion that the brain directly controls the level of glucose in the blood (glycaemia) independent of its known action on food intake and body weight has been known ever since 1849. That year, the French physiologist Dr Claude Bernard reported that physical puncture of the floor of the fourth cerebral ventricle rapidly leads to an increased level of sugar in the blood (and urine) in rabbits. Despite this important discovery, it took approximately 150 years before significant efforts aimed at understanding the underlying mechanism of brain-mediated control of glucose metabolism were made. Technological developments allowing for genetically-mediated manipulation of selected molecular pathways in a neurone-type-specific fashion unravelled the importance of specific molecules in specific neuronal populations. These neuronal pathways govern glucose metabolism in the presence and even in the absence of insulin. Also, a peculiarity of these pathways is that certain biochemically-defined neurones govern glucose metabolism in a tissue-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Coppari
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Ghadieh HE, Smiley ZN, Kopfman MW, Najjar MG, Hake MJ, Najjar SM. Chlorogenic acid/chromium supplement rescues diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity in mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:19. [PMID: 26045713 PMCID: PMC4455985 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary fat induces insulin resistance in humans and rodents. The current study investigates whether a Chlorogenic acid/Chromium III supplement rescues obesity and insulin resistance caused by high-fat feeding of male C57BL/6 J mice for 7 weeks. Administering an oral daily dose of this supplement in the last 3 weeks of feeding reversed diet-induced body weight gain and insulin resistance, assessed by hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and insulin intolerance. Indirect calorimetry analysis revealed that this effect is mediated at least partly, by increasing energy expenditure and spontaneous locomoter activity. These findings underscore the important role that chlorogenic acid and chromium play in maintaining glucose metabolism and insulin response in mice fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda E Ghadieh
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Zachary N Smiley
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Melissa W Kopfman
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Mona G Najjar
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Michael J Hake
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 USA ; College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Mail stop 1009, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
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17
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Ugrankar R, Berglund E, Akdemir F, Tran C, Kim MS, Noh J, Schneider R, Ebert B, Graff JM. Drosophila glucome screening identifies Ck1alpha as a regulator of mammalian glucose metabolism. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7102. [PMID: 25994086 PMCID: PMC4455130 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating carbohydrates are an essential energy source, perturbations in which are pathognomonic of various diseases, diabetes being the most prevalent. Yet many of the genes underlying diabetes and its characteristic hyperglycaemia remain elusive. Here we use physiological and genetic interrogations in D. melanogaster to uncover the ‘glucome', the complete set of genes involved in glucose regulation in flies. Partial genomic screens of ∼1,000 genes yield ∼160 hyperglycaemia ‘flyabetes' candidates that we classify using fat body- and muscle-specific knockdown and biochemical assays. The results highlight the minor glucose fraction as a physiological indicator of metabolism in Drosophila. The hits uncovered in our screen may have conserved functions in mammalian glucose homeostasis, as heterozygous and homozygous mutants of Ck1alpha in the murine adipose lineage, develop diabetes. Our findings demonstrate that glucose has a role in fly biology and that genetic screenings carried out in flies may increase our understanding of mammalian pathophysiology. Diabetes is associated with aberrations in glucose metabolism. Here the authors perform a genomic screen in fruit flies to identify new regulators of fly glucose metabolism, and show that mice lacking the murine homologue of one of their hits, the protein kinase CK1alpha, in the adipose lineage develop diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Ugrankar
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Eric Berglund
- 1] Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Fatih Akdemir
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Christopher Tran
- 1] Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] University of Texas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jungsik Noh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Rebekka Schneider
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Ebert
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan M Graff
- 1] Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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18
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Lynes MD, Schulz TJ, Pan AJ, Tseng YH. Disruption of insulin signaling in Myf5-expressing progenitors leads to marked paucity of brown fat but normal muscle development. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1637-47. [PMID: 25625589 PMCID: PMC4398768 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Insulin exerts pleiotropic effects on cell growth, survival, and metabolism, and its role in multiple tissues has been dissected using conditional knockout mice; however, its role in development has not been studied. Lineage tracing experiments have demonstrated that interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) arises from a Myf5-positive lineage shared with skeletal muscle and distinct from the majority of white adipose tissue (WAT) precursors. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of impaired insulin signaling in the Myf5-expressing precursor cells by deleting the insulin receptor gene. Mice lacking insulin receptor in the Myf5 lineage (Myf5IRKO) have a decrease of interscapular BAT mass; however, muscle development appeared normal. Histologically, the residual BAT had decreased cell size but appeared mature and potentially functional. Expression of adipogenic inhibitors preadipocyte factor-1, Necdin, and wingless-type MMTV integration site member 10a in the residual BAT tissue was nonetheless increased compared with controls, and there was an enrichment of progenitor cells with impaired adipogenic differentiation capacity, suggesting a suppression of adipogenesis in BAT. Surprisingly, when cold challenged, Myf5IRKO mice did not show impaired thermogenesis. This resistance to cold could be attributed to an increased presence of uncoupling protein 1-positive brown adipocytes in sc WAT as well as increased expression of lipolytic activity in BAT. These data suggest a critical role of insulin signaling in the development of interscapular BAT from Myf5-positive progenitor cells, but it appears to be dispensable for muscle development. They also underscore the importance of compensatory browning of sc WAT in the absence of BAT for thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism (M.D.L., Y.-H.T.), Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Adipocyte Development (T.J.S.), German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany 14558; Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department (A.J.P.), Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Harvard Stem Cell Institute (Y.-H.T.), Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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19
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Tian Y, Yao J, Liu S, Jiang C, Zhang J, Li Y, Feng J, Liu Z. Identification and expression analysis of 26 oncogenes of the receptor tyrosine kinase family in channel catfish after bacterial infection and hypoxic stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2015; 14:16-25. [PMID: 25722053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines and hormones. RTKs are not only key regulators of normal cellular processes, but are also involved in the progression of many types of tumors, and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Catfish is a primary aquaculture species in the United States, while its industry is drastically hindered by several major diseases including enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) that is caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri. Disease outbreaks are often accompanied by hypoxic stress, which affects the performance and survival of fish by reducing disease resistance. In this study, we identified 26 RTK oncogenes in the channel catfish genome, and determined their expression profiles after ESC infection and hypoxic stress. The 26 RTK genes were divided into four subfamilies according to phylogenetic analysis, including TIE (2 genes), ErbB (6 genes), EPH (14 genes), and INSR (4 genes). All identified RTKs possess a similar molecular architecture including ligand-binding domains, a single transmembrane helix and a cytoplasmic region, which suggests that these genes could play conserved biological roles. The expression analysis revealed that eight RTKs were significantly regulated after bacterial infection, with dramatic induction of insulin receptor genes including INSRb, IGF1Ra, and IGF1Rb. Upon hypoxic stress, EPHB3a, EGFR, ErbB4b, and IGF1Rb were expressed at higher levels in the tolerant catfish, while EPHA2a, EPHA2, TIE1 and INSRa were expressed at higher levels in the intolerant catfish. These results suggested the involvement of RTKs in immune responses and hypoxic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chen Jiang
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jianbin Feng
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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20
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Lo JC, Ljubicic S, Leibiger B, Kern M, Leibiger IB, Moede T, Kelly ME, Chatterjee Bhowmick D, Murano I, Cohen P, Banks AS, Khandekar MJ, Dietrich A, Flier JS, Cinti S, Blüher M, Danial NN, Berggren PO, Spiegelman BM. Adipsin is an adipokine that improves β cell function in diabetes. Cell 2014; 158:41-53. [PMID: 24995977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the development of pancreatic β cell failure, which results in insulinopenia and hyperglycemia. We show that the adipokine adipsin has a beneficial role in maintaining β cell function. Animals genetically lacking adipsin have glucose intolerance due to insulinopenia; isolated islets from these mice have reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Replenishment of adipsin to diabetic mice treated hyperglycemia by boosting insulin secretion. We identify C3a, a peptide generated by adipsin, as a potent insulin secretagogue and show that the C3a receptor is required for these beneficial effects of adipsin. C3a acts on islets by augmenting ATP levels, respiration, and cytosolic free Ca(2+). Finally, we demonstrate that T2DM patients with β cell failure are deficient in adipsin. These findings indicate that the adipsin/C3a pathway connects adipocyte function to β cell physiology, and manipulation of this molecular switch may serve as a therapy in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Lo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sanda Ljubicic
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barbara Leibiger
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Ingo B Leibiger
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tilo Moede
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Molly E Kelly
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diti Chatterjee Bhowmick
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Incoronata Murano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paul Cohen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melin J Khandekar
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | | | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Nika N Danial
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Okada-Iwabu M, Yamauchi T, Iwabu M, Honma T, Hamagami KI, Matsuda K, Yamaguchi M, Tanabe H, Kimura-Someya T, Shirouzu M, Ogata H, Tokuyama K, Ueki K, Nagano T, Tanaka A, Yokoyama S, Kadowaki T. A small-molecule AdipoR agonist for type 2 diabetes and short life in obesity. Nature 2013; 503:493-9. [PMID: 24172895 DOI: 10.1038/nature12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin secreted from adipocytes binds to adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, and exerts antidiabetic effects via activation of AMPK and PPAR-α pathways, respectively. Levels of adiponectin in plasma are reduced in obesity, which causes insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Thus, orally active small molecules that bind to and activate AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 could ameliorate obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Here we report the identification of orally active synthetic small-molecule AdipoR agonists. One of these compounds, AdipoR agonist (AdipoRon), bound to both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in vitro. AdipoRon showed very similar effects to adiponectin in muscle and liver, such as activation of AMPK and PPAR-α pathways, and ameliorated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet, which was completely obliterated in AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 double-knockout mice. Moreover, AdipoRon ameliorated diabetes of genetically obese rodent model db/db mice, and prolonged the shortened lifespan of db/db mice on a high-fat diet. Thus, orally active AdipoR agonists such as AdipoRon are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Okada-Iwabu
- 1] Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [2] Department of Integrated Molecular Science on Metabolic Diseases, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [3] Department of Molecular Medicinal Sciences on Metabolic Regulation, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [4]
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22
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Zhu Y, You W, Wang H, Li Y, Qiao N, Shi Y, Zhang C, Bleich D, Han X. MicroRNA-24/MODY gene regulatory pathway mediates pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Diabetes 2013; 62:3194-206. [PMID: 23761103 PMCID: PMC3749364 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Overnutrition and genetics both contribute separately to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, but how these factors interact is unclear. This study was aimed at determining whether microRNAs (miRNAs) provide a link between these factors. In this study, miRNA-24 (miR-24) was highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells and further upregulated in islets from genetic fatty (db/db) or mice fed a high-fat diet, and islets subject to oxidative stress. Overexpression of miR-24 inhibited insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation, potentially involving 351 downregulated genes. By using bioinformatic analysis combined with luciferase-based promoter activity assays and quantitative real-time PCR assays, we identified two maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes as direct targets of miR-24. Silencing either of these MODY genes (Hnf1a and Neurod1) mimicked the cellular phenotype caused by miR-24 overexpression, whereas restoring their expression rescued β-cell function. Our findings functionally link the miR-24/MODY gene regulatory pathway to the onset of type 2 diabetes and create a novel network between nutrient overload and genetic diabetes via miR-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyan You
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongdong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - David Bleich
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author: Xiao Han,
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23
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Sarfstein R, Werner H. Minireview: nuclear insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors: a novel paradigm in signal transduction. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1672-9. [PMID: 23507573 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The specificity of the insulin receptor (InsR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathways has been the focus of significant debate over the past few years. Recent evidence showing nuclear import and a direct transcriptional role for both InsR and IGF1R adds a new layer of complexity to this dialog. Hence, in addition to the classical roles associated with cell-surface receptors (eg, ligand binding, autophosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase domain, activation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and additional substrates, protein-protein interactions with membrane and cytoplasm components), new data are consistent with nuclear (genomic) role(s) for both InsR and IGF1R. The present review provides a brief overview of the physical and functional similarities and differences between InsR and IGF1R and describes data from a number of laboratories providing evidence for a new layer of signaling regulation (ie, the ability of InsR and IGF1R to translocate to the cell nucleus and to elicit genomic activities usually associated with transcription factors). The ability of InsR and IGF1R to function as transcription factors, although poorly understood, constitutes a new paradigm in signal transduction. Although research on the role of nuclear InsR/IGF1R is still in its infancy, we believe that this rapidly developing area may have a major basic and translational impact on the fields of metabolism, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rive Sarfstein
- PhD, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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24
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Influence of childhood type II diabetes on bone formation in the growth period. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0917-2394(12)70263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Ohtsubo K, Chen MZ, Olefsky JM, Marth JD. Pathway to diabetes through attenuation of pancreatic beta cell glycosylation and glucose transport. Nat Med 2011; 17:1067-75. [PMID: 21841783 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A connection between diet, obesity and diabetes exists in multiple species and is the basis of an escalating human health problem. The factors responsible provoke both insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction but remain to be fully identified. We report a combination of molecular events in human and mouse pancreatic beta cells, induced by elevated levels of free fatty acids or by administration of a high-fat diet with associated obesity, that comprise a pathogenic pathway to diabetes. Elevated concentrations of free fatty acids caused nuclear exclusion and reduced expression of the transcription factors FOXA2 and HNF1A in beta cells. This resulted in a deficit of GnT-4a glycosyltransferase expression in beta cells that produced signs of metabolic disease, including hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis and diminished insulin action in muscle and adipose tissues. Protection from disease was conferred by enforced beta cell-specific GnT-4a protein glycosylation and involved the maintenance of glucose transporter expression and the preservation of glucose transport. We observed that this pathogenic process was active in human islet cells obtained from donors with type 2 diabetes; thus, illuminating a pathway to disease implicated in the diet- and obesity-associated component of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Ohtsubo
- Center for Nanomedicine, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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26
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Insulin receptor substrates Irs1 and Irs2 coordinate skeletal muscle growth and metabolism via the Akt and AMPK pathways. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 31:430-41. [PMID: 21135130 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00983-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination of skeletal muscle growth and metabolism with nutrient availability is critical for metabolic homeostasis. To establish the role of insulin-like signaling in this process, we used muscle creatine kinase (MCK)-Cre to disrupt expression of insulin receptor substrates Irs1 and Irs2 in mouse skeletal/cardiac muscle. In 2-week-old mice, skeletal muscle masses and insulin responses were slightly affected by Irs1, but not Irs2, deficiency. In contrast, the combined deficiency of Irs1 and Irs2 (MDKO mice) severely reduced skeletal muscle growth and Akt→mTOR signaling and caused death by 3 weeks of age. Autopsy of MDKO mice revealed dilated cardiomyopathy, reflecting the known requirement of insulin-like signaling for cardiac function (P. G. Laustsen et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:1649-1664, 2007). Impaired growth and function of MDKO skeletal muscle were accompanied by increased Foxo-dependent atrogene expression and amino acid release. MDKO mice were resistant to injected insulin, and their isolated skeletal muscles showed decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Glucose utilization in MDKO mice and isolated skeletal muscles was shifted from oxidation to lactate production, accompanied by an elevated AMP/ATP ratio that increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)→acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation. Thus, insulin-like signaling via Irs1/2 is essential to terminate skeletal muscle catabolic/fasting pathways in the presence of adequate nutrition.
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27
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de Graaf AA, Freidig AP, De Roos B, Jamshidi N, Heinemann M, Rullmann JAC, Hall KD, Adiels M, van Ommen B. Nutritional systems biology modeling: from molecular mechanisms to physiology. PLoS Comput Biol 2009; 5:e1000554. [PMID: 19956660 PMCID: PMC2777333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of computational modeling and simulation has increased in many biological fields, but despite their potential these techniques are only marginally applied in nutritional sciences. Nevertheless, recent applications of modeling have been instrumental in answering important nutritional questions from the cellular up to the physiological levels. Capturing the complexity of today's important nutritional research questions poses a challenge for modeling to become truly integrative in the consideration and interpretation of experimental data at widely differing scales of space and time. In this review, we discuss a selection of available modeling approaches and applications relevant for nutrition. We then put these models into perspective by categorizing them according to their space and time domain. Through this categorization process, we identified a dearth of models that consider processes occurring between the microscopic and macroscopic scale. We propose a "middle-out" strategy to develop the required full-scale, multilevel computational models. Exhaustive and accurate phenotyping, the use of the virtual patient concept, and the development of biomarkers from "-omics" signatures are identified as key elements of a successful systems biology modeling approach in nutrition research--one that integrates physiological mechanisms and data at multiple space and time scales.
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28
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Deletion of Drosophila insulin-like peptides causes growth defects and metabolic abnormalities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:19617-22. [PMID: 19887630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0905083106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin/Insulin-like growth factor signaling regulates homeostasis and growth in mammals, and is implicated in diseases from diabetes to cancer. In Drosophila melanogaster, as in other invertebrates, multiple Insulin-Like Peptides (DILPs) are encoded by a family of related genes. To assess DILPs' physiological roles, we generated small deficiencies that uncover single or multiple dilps, generating genetic loss-of-function mutations. Deletion of dilps1-5 generated homozygotes that are small, severely growth-delayed, and poorly viable and fertile. These animals display reduced metabolic activity, decreased triglyceride levels and prematurely activate autophagy, indicative of "starvation in the midst of plenty," a hallmark of Type I diabetes. Furthermore, circulating sugar levels are elevated in Df [dilp1-5] homozygotes during eating and fasting. In contrast, Df[dilp6] or Df[dilp7] animals showed no major metabolic defects. We discuss physiological differences between mammals and insects that may explain the unexpected survival of lean, 'diabetic' flies.
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29
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Ohlsson C, Mohan S, Sjögren K, Tivesten A, Isgaard J, Isaksson O, Jansson JO, Svensson J. The role of liver-derived insulin-like growth factor-I. Endocr Rev 2009; 30:494-535. [PMID: 19589948 PMCID: PMC2759708 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
IGF-I is expressed in virtually every tissue of the body, but with much higher expression in the liver than in any other tissue. Studies using mice with liver-specific IGF-I knockout have demonstrated that liver-derived IGF-I, constituting a major part of circulating IGF-I, is an important endocrine factor involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Detailed studies comparing the impact of liver-derived IGF-I and local bone-derived IGF-I demonstrate that both sources of IGF-I can stimulate longitudinal bone growth. We propose here that liver-derived circulating IGF-I and local bone-derived IGF-I to some extent have overlapping growth-promoting effects and might have the capacity to replace each other (= redundancy) in the maintenance of normal longitudinal bone growth. Importantly, and in contrast to the regulation of longitudinal bone growth, locally derived IGF-I cannot replace (= lack of redundancy) liver-derived IGF-I for the regulation of a large number of other parameters including GH secretion, cortical bone mass, kidney size, prostate size, peripheral vascular resistance, spatial memory, sodium retention, insulin sensitivity, liver size, sexually dimorphic liver functions, and progression of some tumors. It is clear that a major role of liver-derived IGF-I is to regulate GH secretion and that some, but not all, of the phenotypes in the liver-specific IGF-I knockout mice are indirect, mediated via the elevated GH levels. All of the described multiple endocrine effects of liver-derived IGF-I should be considered in the development of possible novel treatment strategies aimed at increasing or reducing endocrine IGF-I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Ohlsson
- Division of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
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30
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Elghazi L, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Akt and PTEN: beta-cell mass and pancreas plasticity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2009; 20:243-51. [PMID: 19541499 PMCID: PMC4456182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of pancreatic beta-cells to adapt to insulin resistance is crucial for glucose homeostasis and is a factor in the development of type 2 diabetes. The insulin receptor substrate (insulin receptor 2/phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI3K]) pathway plays a crucial part in regulating beta-cell mass and function. The serine-threonine kinase Akt, also known as protein kinase B, is one of the major downstream targets of the PI3K pathway and is negatively regulated by phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10. This Akt signaling pathway has recently been implicated in cell-cycle progression and survival of pancreatic beta-cells. Understanding the mechanisms that link Akt to modulation of beta-cell mass, function and plasticity will positively affect treatment of human diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Elghazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine Saint-Louis, MO 63110, USA
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31
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32
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McNamara DB, Murthy SN, Fonseca AN, Desouza CV, Kadowitz PJ, Fonseca VA. Animal models of catheter-induced intimal hyperplasia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the effects of pharmacologic intervention. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87:37-50. [PMID: 19142214 DOI: 10.1139/y08-098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex disorder characterized by impaired insulin formation, release or action (insulin resistance), elevated blood glucose, and multiple long-term complications. It is a common endocrine disorder of humans and is associated with abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. There are two forms of diabetes, classified as type 1 and type 2. In type 1 diabetes, hyperglycemia is due to an absolute lack of insulin, whereas in type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia is due to a relative lack of insulin and insulin resistance. More than 90% of people with diabetes have type 2 with varied degrees of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is often associated with impaired insulin secretion, and hyperglycemia is a common feature in both types of diabetes, but failure to make a distinction between the types of diabetes in different animal models has led to confusion in the literature. This is particularly true in relation to cardiovascular disease in the presence of diabetes and especially the response to vascular injury, in which there are major differences between the two types of diabetes. Animal models do not completely mimic the clinical disease seen in humans. Animal models are at best analogies of the pathologic process they are designed to represent. The focus of this review is an analysis of intimal hyperplasia following catheter-induced vascular injury, including factors that may complicate comparisons between different animal models or between in vitro and in vivo studies. We examine the variables, pitfalls, and caveats that follow from the manner of induction of the injury and the diabetic state of the animal. The efficacy of selected antidiabetic drugs in inhibiting the development of the hyperplastic response is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B McNamara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue - SL 83, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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33
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Glucose effects on beta-cell growth and survival require activation of insulin receptors and insulin receptor substrate 2. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:3219-28. [PMID: 19273608 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01489-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are ubiquitous hormones that regulate growth and metabolism of most mammalian cells, including pancreatic beta-cells. In addition to being an insulin secretagogue, glucose regulates proliferation and survival of beta-cells. However, it is unclear whether the latter effects of glucose occur secondary to autocrine activation of insulin signaling proteins by secreted insulin. To examine this possibility we studied the effects of exogenous glucose or insulin in beta-cell lines completely lacking either insulin receptors (betaIRKO) or insulin receptor substrate 2 (betaIRS2KO). Exogenous addition of either insulin or glucose activated proteins in the insulin signaling pathway in control beta-cell lines with the effects of insulin peaking earlier than glucose. Insulin stimulation of betaIRKO and betaIRS2KO cells led to blunted activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt kinase, while surprisingly, glucose failed to activate either kinase but phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Control beta-cells exhibited low expression of IGF-1 receptors compared to compensatory upregulation in betaIRKO cells. The signaling data support the slow growth and reduced DNA and protein synthesis in betaIRKO and betaIRS2KO cells in response to glucose stimulation. Together, these studies provide compelling evidence that the growth and survival effects of glucose on beta-cells require activation of proteins in the insulin signaling pathway.
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34
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Billemont B, Medioni J, Taillade L, Helley D, Meric JB, Rixe O, Oudard S. Blood glucose levels in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1380-2. [PMID: 18841151 PMCID: PMC2579676 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib, a multitargeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, extends survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Between October 2005 and March 2007, we retrospectively reviewed blood glucose level variations associated with sunitinib therapy in patients treated for mRCC. Nineteen of the patients had type II diabetes. All 19 patients had a decrease in blood glucose level (mean 1.77 mmol l(-1)) after 4 weeks of treatment. This was followed by re-elevation in the 2-week rest period. After two cycles of sunitinib administration, two patients had stopped blood glucose-lowering drugs whereas five other patients had normalised their blood glucose level. On the basis of pre-clinical data, we hypothesise that several mechanisms could be involved in this process, such as capillary regression of pancreatic islets, IGF-1 modulation through HIF1-alpha or NF-kappaB activation. In addition, a decrease of glucose uptake in the context of concomitant gastrointestinal toxicity cannot be excluded. Glycaemic control should be carefully evaluated in diabetic patients treated with sunitinib, and routine monitoring is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Billemont
- Department of Medical Oncology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
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