1
|
Gumilang RA, Fan YC, Wu SH, Bai CH. Adiposity indices and their higher predictive value for new-onset hypertension in metabolically healthy young women: findings from a population-based prospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:150. [PMID: 38475731 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the predictive ability of selected adiposity indices, such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), for new-onset hypertension in metabolically healthy Taiwanese adults. The study also sought to establish sex-specific cutoff points for these indices and to analyze the risk of new-onset hypertension, taking into account sex and age. METHODS This prospective cohort study utilized the Taiwan Biobank database to examine metabolically healthy participants aged between 20 and 65 at baseline. Four adiposity indices, namely BMI, WHR, WC, and WHtR, were calculated and used to predict new-onset hypertension over 4 years. Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) and areas under the curve (AUCs) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the parameters in predicting new-onset hypertension over 4 years. Sex-specific cutoff points were identified and used to assess the risk of new-onset hypertension. RESULTS This study analyzed 13,375 participants over 4.28 years. The incidence of new-onset hypertension was 17.65%. The new-onset rate of hypertension was 34.39% in men and 65.61% in women. Adiposity indices effectively predict new-onset hypertension, with WHtR having the highest predictive value (i.e., AUC) for both sexes. The classification of participants into low and high categories for each adiposity index was based on sex-specific cutoff points, and the risk of new-onset hypertension was assessed according to sex and age. This study found that high adiposity indices predicted a significantly higher risk of new-onset hypertension in metabolically healthy adults. The risk was equal for both sexes. Young women had a higher risk of new-onset hypertension than middle-aged women when they were further categorized. All risk ratios of the indices in young women were over two-fold and significant. CONCLUSION According to the sex-specific cutoff point, high adiposity indices had a higher predictive value for new-onset hypertension in metabolically healthy Taiwanese young women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizki Amalia Gumilang
- International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing/Academic Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yen-Chun Fan
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Allied Health Education and Digital Learning, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hao Wu
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang T, Wang Q, Cui XM, Zhang YY, Guo FX, Wu QF, Dong MH, Luo XT. Mediating effect of cumulative lipid profile burden on the effect of diet and obesity on hypertension incidence: a cohort study of people aged 35-65 in rural China. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:54-63. [PMID: 37816846 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cumulative lipid profile burden is designed to dynamically measure lipid accumulation, and its effect on hypertension has been poorly studied. Our main purpose was to investigate the effect of cumulative lipid profile burden on the incidence of essential hypertension (EH) and to investigate whether cumulative lipid burden mediates the pathogenesis of the effects of diet and obesity on EH. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 1295 participants were included in the study, which started in 2017. The average follow-up time was 2.98 years. A total of 240 EH patients occurred during the follow-up period. RESULTS The HR (95% CI) of the highest quartile in cumulative Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) burden were 1.747 (1.145 - 2.664), 1.502 (1.038 - 2.173), 0.615 (0.413 - 0.917) for incidence of EH respectively, compared to the respective reference groups. Participants with EH consumed more red meat and refined grains, and red meat was positively associated with cumulative TC burden. BMI and Waist-To-Height Ratio (WHtR) increased the incidence of EH, and obesity was positively correlated with cumulative TG burden. Mediating analysis showed that cumulative TG had a partial mediating effect in the causal relationship between obesity and EH, and Mendelian randomization (MR) also proved this result. Diet was not found to influence EHn through cumulative lipid profile burden. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative TG burden partially mediates the effect of obesity on EH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Cui
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fang-Xi Guo
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hua Dong
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
- College of General Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang D, Sun B, Yi X, Dong N, Gong G, Yu W, Guo L. Prevalence of high blood pressure and its associated factors among students in Shenyang, China: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35536. [PMID: 37861490 PMCID: PMC10589542 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the prevalence of high blood pressure is increasing, and it may have serious consequences. However, research on the prevalence and influencing factors of high blood pressure among primary and secondary school students is still relatively scarce. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of high blood pressure among primary and secondary school students in Shenyang, in order to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and management of this disease. From April to May 2020, 4892 students aged 7 to 17 years were selected as the survey subjects, and on-site physical measurements and questionnaire surveys were conducted. The prevalence of high blood pressure was described. Restricted cubic spline was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between sleep duration, BMI and the risk of high blood pressure. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors. Multiplicative and additive models were used to analyze the interaction between sleep duration and BMI. The results showed that the overall prevalence of high blood pressure among students aged 7 to 17 years in Shenyang was 9.9%, with a higher prevalence in females than males (12.1% vs 7.9%) and in urban areas than suburban areas (11.8% vs 7.7%). The prevalence was lowest in students with normal weight (8.3%) and highest in those who were obese (12.5%). The prevalence fluctuated to some extent among different age groups, but overall, it increased with age, with the lowest prevalence in primary school students (7.0%), 11.4% in mild school students, and the highest prevalence of 14.3% in high school students. Multivariable analysis showed that the risk of high blood pressure in female students was 1.90 times higher than that in male students (95% CI: 1.54-2.35), and the risk in suburban areas was 0.65 times lower than that in urban areas (95% CI: 0.52-0.81). Students with a BMI ≥ 21 kg/m2 had a 1.58 times higher risk than those with a BMI < 21 kg/m2(95% CI: 1.28-1.96), while those with a sleep time ≥ 8 hours had a 0.80 times lower risk than those with a sleep time < 8 hours (95% CI: 0.65-0.99). Exercise can significantly reduce the risk of high blood pressure, while using electronic devices for more than 0.5 hours significantly increases the risk of high blood pressure. BMI and sleep duration have no interaction effect on the risk of high blood pressure. To reduce the prevalence of high blood pressure, students should reduce the use of electronic devices, ensure adequate exercise, maintain a reasonable weight, and ensure sufficient sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of School Health, Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Baijun Sun
- Department of School Health, Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Yi
- Department of School Health, Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Dong
- Department of School Health, Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Guifang Gong
- Department of School Health, Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Department of School Health, Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Lianying Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Welser L, Pfeiffer KA, Silveira JFDC, Valim ARDM, Renner JDP, Reuter CP. Incidence of Arterial Hypertension is Associated with Adiposity in Children and Adolescents. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20220070. [PMID: 36888776 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase of hypertension in children and adolescents has attracted the attention of the scientific community largely due to its association with the obesity epidemic. OBJECTIVES To describe the incidence of hypertension and its relationship with the cardiometabolic and genetic profile in children and adolescents from a city in southern Brazil in a three-year period. METHODS This longitudinal study followed 469 children and adolescents, aged 7-17 years old (43.1% boys), assessed at two-time points. We evaluated systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%BF), lipid profile, glucose, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and rs9939609 Polymorphism ( FTO ). Cumulative incidence of hypertension was calculated, and multinomial logistic regression was conducted. The statistical significance was established as p < 0.05. RESULTS After three years, the incidence of hypertension was 11.5%. Overweight or obese individuals were more likely to become borderline hypertensive (overweight OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.08-9.55; obesity OR: 4.05, 95% CI: 1.68-9.75), and obese individuals were more likely to become hypertensive (obesity OR: 4.84, 95% CI: 1.57-14.95). High-risk WC and %BF values were associated with hypertension development (OR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.26-9.19; OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.08-5.75, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We found a higher incidence of hypertension in children and adolescents as compared with previous studies. Individuals with higher values of BMI, WC and %BF at baseline were more likely to develop hypertension, suggesting the importance of adiposity in the development of hypertension even in such a young population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Welser
- Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Multimorbidity and obesity in older adults from six low- and middle-income countries. Prev Med 2021; 153:106816. [PMID: 34599928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of multimorbidity (i.e., ≥2 chronic conditions), chronic diseases, and obesity is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), posing a potential threat to the health of older adults living in these areas. This study hence investigates the unexplored association between obesity and multimorbidity among older adults from LMICs. Cross-sectional, community-based data from the WHO Study on global Ageing and adult health (SAGE) were analysed. The sample consisted of 20,198 individuals aged ≥60 years [Mean age (SD) = 69.3 (13.1) years; 54.1% female] from China, India, Ghana, Mexico, Russia, South Africa. Twelve chronic conditions were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, high waist circumference (WC, cut-points > 102 cm for males and > 88 cm for females) and multimorbidity. After adjusting for potential confounders, overall, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 was associated with 1.43 (95%CI = 1.21-1.69) times higher odds for multimorbidity, while this estimate for high WC was 1.50 (95%CI = 1.21-1.86). Significant associations emerged between obesity measures and five out of twelve chronic conditions. Results from this study underline the need to reduce obesity among older adults in areas where its prevalence is increasing, as it is associated with increased odds for multimorbidity. Future longitudinal research in this setting is required to assess the impact of obesity reduction on multimorbidity incidence.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaze AD, Musani SK, Bidulescu A, Correa A, Golden SH, Bertoni AG, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Plasma Adiponectin and Blood Pressure Progression in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:1163-1170. [PMID: 34166486 PMCID: PMC9526809 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known on the association of plasma adiponectin with blood pressure (BP) changes in African Americans (AAs). We evaluated the associations between plasma adiponectin and BP progression among AAs. METHODS We analyzed data from 1,184 participants without hypertension at baseline (2000-2004) with ≥1 follow-up visits in the Jackson Heart Study. We used robust Poisson regression to generate risk ratios (RRs) for BP progression (an increase by ≥1 BP stage) and incident hypertension. RESULTS Over a median of 7 years, 71% progressed to higher BP stage and 65% developed hypertension. We found evidence of interaction by sex (P-interaction = 0.088). Compared with those in the lowest quartile (Q1), male participants in the highest adiponectin quartile (Q4) had reduced risks of BP progression (RR 0.76 [95% confidence interval, CI, 0.60-0.96]) and incident hypertension (RR 0.74 [95% CI 0.56-0.97]). After accounting for body mass index, this relation persisted among obese men (RR for the highest [vs. lowest] adiponectin quartile: 0.59 [95% CI 0.36-0.97] for incident hypertension, and 0.69 [95% CI 0.45-1.06] for BP progression). Among women, adiponectin was not associated with BP outcomes (RR [95% CI] for Q4 vs. Q1: 1.03 [0.86-1.23] and 1.01 [0.83-1.23] for BP progression and incident hypertension, respectively). Our findings were consistent across both the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) and Seventh Joint National Committee (JNC-7) BP categories. CONCLUSIONS In a large, community-based sample of AAs, higher adiponectin concentrations were associated with lower risks of BP progression and incident hypertension in men, but no significant association was observed in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud D Kaze
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sherita H Golden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Correspondence: Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui ()
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Song B, Ruan C, Xue W, Zhao J. AdipoRon Attenuates Hypertension-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Renal Fibrosis via Promoting Epithelial Autophagy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 14:538-545. [PMID: 33025271 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major mechanism of renal fibrosis. Adiponectin protects against hypertension-induced target organ damage. AdipoRon is an orally active synthetic adiponectin receptor agonist. However, it is unclear whether AdipoRon could attenuate EMT and renal fibrosis in hypertensive mice. C57BJ/6J mice were utilized to induce DOCA-salt-sensitive hypertensive model. Hypertension results in an altered adiponectin expression and promotes EMT in the kidney. In vitro, AdipoRon inhibits aldosterone (Aldo)-induced EMT and promotes autophagic flux in HK-2 epithelial cells. Mechanically, AdipoRon activates AMPK/ULK1 pathway in epithelial cells. Blockade of AMPK activation, as well as inhibition of autophagy, blocks the effects of AdipoRon on Aldo-induced EMT. Moreover, AdipoRon treatment promotes autophagy and improves renal fibrosis in DOCA-salt-hypertensive mice. Our data suggest that AdipoRon could be a potential therapeutic option to prevent renal fibrosis in hypertensive patients. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, RuiJin Hospital/LuWan Branch, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Song
- Department of General Practice, RuiJin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengchao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - WenJie Xue
- Huangpu District Bansongyuan Road Health Service Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianrong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, RuiJin Hospital/LuWan Branch, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaze AD, Musani SK, Bidulescu A, Correa A, Bertoni AG, Ahima RS, Golden SH, Abdalla M, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Plasma Leptin and Blood Pressure Progression in Blacks: The Jackson Heart Study. Hypertension 2021; 77:1069-1075. [PMID: 33641359 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud D Kaze
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore (A.D.K.)
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (S.K.M., A.C.)
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington (A.B.)
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (S.K.M., A.C.)
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (A.G.B.)
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.S.A., S.H.G., J.B.E.-T.)
| | - Sherita H Golden
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.S.A., S.H.G., J.B.E.-T.)
- Welch Prevention Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (S.H.G., J.B.E.-T.)
| | - Marwah Abdalla
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY (M.A.)
| | - Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (R.S.A., S.H.G., J.B.E.-T.)
- Welch Prevention Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (S.H.G., J.B.E.-T.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bar A, Kieronska-Rudek A, Proniewski B, Suraj-Prażmowska J, Czamara K, Marczyk B, Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda K, Jasztal A, Kuś E, Majka Z, Kaczor A, Kurpińska A, Walczak M, Pieterman EJ, Princen HMG, Chlopicki S. In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Detection of Heterogeneous Endothelial Response in Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta to Short-Term High-Fat Diet Ascribed to Differences in Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016929. [PMID: 33073641 PMCID: PMC7763398 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Long-term feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) induces endothelial dysfunction in mice, but early HFD-induced effects on endothelium have not been well characterized. Methods and Results Using an magnetic resonance imaging-based methodology that allows characterization of endothelial function in vivo, we demonstrated that short-term (2 weeks) feeding with a HFD to C57BL/6 mice or to E3L.CETP mice resulted in the impairment of acetylcholine-induced response in the abdominal aorta (AA), whereas, in the thoracic aorta (TA), the acetylcholine-induced response was largely preserved. Similarly, HFD resulted in arterial stiffness in the AA, but not in the TA. The difference in HFD-induced response was ascribed to distinct characteristics of perivascular adipose tissue in the TA and AA, related to brown- and white-like adipose tissue, respectively, as assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and Raman spectroscopy. In contrast, short-term HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction could not be linked to systemic insulin resistance, changes in plasma concentration of nitrite, or concentration of biomarkers of glycocalyx disruption (syndecan-1 and endocan), endothelial inflammation (soluble form of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and soluble form of E-selectin), endothelial permeability (soluble form of fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and angiopoietin 2), and hemostasis (tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1). Conclusions Short-term feeding with a HFD induces endothelial dysfunction in the AA but not in the TA, which could be ascribed to a differential response of perivascular adipose tissue to a HFD in the AA versus TA. Importantly, early endothelial dysfunction in the AA is not linked to elevation of classical systemic biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Anna Kieronska-Rudek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Joanna Suraj-Prażmowska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair and Department of Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Brygida Marczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Karolina Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair and Department of Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Edyta Kuś
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Zuzanna Majka
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Anna Kurpińska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair and Department of Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Elsbet J Pieterman
- Metabolic Health Research Gaubius Laboratory The Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research Gaubius Laboratory The Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu B, Wang J, Chen K, Yan W, Wang A, Wang W, Gao Z, Tang X, Yan L, Wan Q, Luo Z, Qin G, Chen L, Mu Y. A high triglyceride glucose index is more closely associated with hypertension than lipid or glycemic parameters in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional survey from the Reaction Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:112. [PMID: 32664945 PMCID: PMC7362407 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both lipid and glucose abnormalities are associated with hypertension (HTN). However, it is unclear whether the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is associated with HTN. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the association of the TyG index and HTN and to compare the discriminative power of the TyG index, lipid, glycemic parameters for the risk of HTN in elderly individuals. Methods The present study was nested in a longitudinal (REACTION) study from May 2011 to December 2011, which was designed to demonstrate the association of abnormal glucose metabolism with the risk of cancer in the Chinese population. In total, 47,808 participants were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The TyG index was divided into five groups: the < 20% group, the 20–39% group, the 40–59% group, the 60–79% group and the ≥ 80% group, according to quintile division of the subjects. Three multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the TyG vs. lipid parameters, glycemic parameters and HTN. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that compared with lipid and glycemic parameters, the TyG index remains significantly associated with HTN in either total subjects or subjects separated into men and women (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.51, p < 0.0001 in total subjects; OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.11–1.74, p = 0.0042 in men; OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11–1.49, p = 0.0010 in women). In a stratified analysis, an elevated TyG index is significantly associated with HTN in the subgroup of the oldest age (≥ 65) (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.30–2.14, p < 0.0001), as well as with obesity (Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m2) (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.29–2.66, p = 0.0009) or lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (< 90 mL/(min·1.73 m2)) (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.33–2.21, p < 0.0001). Conclusion The TyG index is significantly associated with HTN and shows the superior discriminative ability for HTN compared with lipid and glycemic parameters in the Chinese elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binruo Zhu
- Medicine School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Medicine School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Anping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnan Gao
- Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Yan
- Zhongshan University Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Medicine School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kannan S, Srinivasan D, Raghupathy PB, Bhaskaran RS. Association between duration of obesity and severity of ovarian dysfunction in rat-cafeteria diet approach. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 71:132-143. [PMID: 31349120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of unhealthy, energy-dense palatable food during early age leads to obesity in children and the onset of obesity during childhood has a profound effect on the reproductive health of women. In this study, the mechanism underlying diet-induced obesity on ovarian dysfunction was studied by exposing rats to cafeteria diet (CAFD) for two different durations. For that purpose, 21-day-old female Sprague Dawley rats were fed ad libitum with a standard diet (control group) and a cafeteria diet (CAFD group) for a period of 20 weeks (20 W) and 32 weeks (32 W). We observed obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperleptinemia and hypoadiponectinemia in CAFD fed groups. Hyperinsulinemia, hypergonadotrophism, hypertestosteronemia and hyperprogesteronemia were observed in the 20 W-CAFD group. Conversely, in the 32 W-CAFD group hypersecretion declined to hyposecretion. The levels of estradiol remained low during both time periods. The duration of estrous cycle was extended in the CAFD fed rats. The ovary weight was higher in the 20 W-CAFD fed rats but it was drastically reduced over a longer duration cafeteria diet feeding. In the 20 W-CAFD fed rats, the protein levels of LHR, StAR, CYP11A1, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD were increased but FSHR and CYP19A1 levels were decreased in the ovary. On the other hand, gonadotropin receptor and the protein levels of steroidogenic enzymes were decreased in the ovary of 32 W-CAFD fed rats. We conclude that the duration of energy-dense diet consumption has differential regulatory mechanism in altering the ovarian steroid production. In 20 W-CAFD fed rats, hypergonadotropic condition was observed whereas, 32 W-CAFD consumption induced hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Kannan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India.
| | - Divya Srinivasan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India.
| | - Prasanth Balan Raghupathy
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India.
| | - Ravi Sankar Bhaskaran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ortega-Loubon C, Fernández-Molina M, Singh G, Correa R. Obesity and its cardiovascular effects. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3135. [PMID: 30715772 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is described in terms of body fat percentage or body mass index (BMI), despite the fact that these measures do not give full insight about the body fat distribution. It is presently a consistently growing universal challenge since it has tripled in the last 10 years, killing approximately 28 million people each year. In this review, we aim to clarify the different results of obesity on the working and physiology of the cardiovascular system and to reveal changes in the obesity "paradox"-a variety of cardiovascular outcomes in typical/overweight people. Central fat build-up in ordinary/overweight populaces has been related to expanded occurrences of myocardial infarction, heart failure, or all-cause mortality when contrasted with the obese populace. These discoveries are additionally clarified as the abundance and prolonged vulnerability to free fatty acids (FFAs) in obesity. This has been believed to cause the myocardial substrate to move from glucose to FFAs digestion, which causes lipid gathering in cardiomyocytes, spilling over to other lean tissues, and prompting a general atherogenic impact. This cardiomyocyte lipid aggregation has been demonstrated to cause insulin resistance and cardiovascular hypertrophy, and to lessen the heart functions in general. There is a proof backing the fact that fat tissue is not only an energy reservoir, it also coordinates hormones and proinflammatory cytokines and deals with the energy transition of the body by putting away abundant lipids in diverse tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ortega-Loubon
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gauri Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ricardo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
MESH Headings
- Adipokines/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/physiopathology
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Comorbidity
- Energy Metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Obesity/epidemiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Obesity/therapy
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/epidemiology
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/metabolism
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/physiopathology
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/therapy
- Prognosis
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy
- Risk Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay I Lakkis
- University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, 95 Maui Lani Pkwy, Wailuku, HI 96793-2416
| | - Mathew R Weir
- Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Room N3W143, Baltimore, MD 21201.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang H, Chen Y, Sun G, Jia P, Qian H, Sun Y. Validity of cardiometabolic index, lipid accumulation product, and body adiposity index in predicting the risk of hypertension in Chinese population. Postgrad Med 2018; 130:325-333. [PMID: 29478365 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2018.1444901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adiposity, defined by higher cardiometabolic index (CMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and body adiposity index (BAI), has conferred increased metabolic risk. However, the incremental utility of CMI, LAP, and BAI in association with prevalent hypertension has not been well described in a population-based setting. We hypothesized that CMI, LAP, and BAI would provide important insight into hypertension risk. METHODS Blood pressure (BP), fasting lipid profiles, and anthropometric parameters were recorded in a cross-sectional study of 11,400 participants (mean age, 54 years; 53% women) from China. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations of CMI, LAP, and BAI with prevalent hypertension. BAI was evaluated according to hip (cm)/[height (m)1.5]-18; LAP was calculated separately for men [(WC-65) × TG] and women [(WC-58) × TG]; and CMI was defined by TG/HDL-C × waist-to-height ratio. RESULTS CMI, LAP, and BAI were independently correlated with higher SBP and DBP, with nonstandardized (B) coefficients ranging from 1.827 to 4.590 mmHg and 1.475 to 2.210 mmHg (all P < 0.001). After adjustment for hypertension risk factors and potential confounders, CMI, LAP, and BAI, modeled as continuous measures, carried hypertension odds (95% CI) of 1.356 (1.259-1.459), 1.631 (1.501-1.771), and 1.555 (1.454-1.662) in women, respectively, per SD increment. In men, each SD increase in CMI, LAP, and BAI experienced a 31%, 65%, and 53% higher hypertension risk, respectively. Moreover, among women, the odds ratio (95% CI) for hypertension were 2.318 (1.956-2.745), 3.548 (2.985-4.217), and 3.004 (2.537-3.557) in the 4th quartile vs the first quartile of CMI, LAP, and BAI, respectively. For men, the corresponding figures were 2.200 (1.838-2.635), 3.892 (3.238-4.677), and 3.288 (2.754-3.927), respectively. CONCLUSION Measurements of CMI, LAP, and BAI provide a more complete understanding of hypertension risk related to variation in body fat distribution and pinpoint hypertensive participants in great risk of cardiovascular disease in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yintao Chen
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhe Sun
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Jia
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Qian
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- a Department of Cardiology , The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Looking for new diagnostic tools and biomarkers of hypertension in obese pediatric patients. Blood Press Monit 2018; 22:122-130. [PMID: 28272108 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Development of obesity in childhood may be linked to an increased risk of hypertension. OBJECTIVES This study aimed (a) to analyze the expression of genes associated with blood pressure (BP) in obese children, (b) to evaluate ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) as a diagnostic tool in hypertension in children, and (c) to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children with obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Office BP measurements and ABPM were performed in 49 children with obesity and 25 age-matched healthy children. Expressions of 12 monogenic hypertension genes and 45 genes variants associated with BP were assessed using the microarray technique. RESULTS No significant differences in gene expression levels were found. Children with obesity had significantly higher (P<0.001) mean office systolic and diastolic BPs compared with the controls. The diagnosis of high normal BP and hypertension with ABPM was established in 27 and 33% of children, respectively. Nocturnal BP decrease less than 10% was found in 27% of children, whereas nocturnal BP decrease more than 20% was found in 13% of children. Nocturnal BP increase was found in 13% of patients. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was established in 29% of obese patients. CONCLUSION The following can be concluded: (a) the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found in nearly one-third of children with obesity. (b) ABPM is a useful and reliable tool in the diagnostics of pediatric hypertension. Abnormal BP can be observed in ∼50% of obese children.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hung WC, Ling XH, Chang CC, Hsu HF, Wang SW, Lee YC, Luo C, Lee YT, Houng JY. Inhibitory Effects of Siegesbeckia orientalis Extracts on Advanced Glycation End Product Formation and Key Enzymes Related to Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101785. [PMID: 29065451 PMCID: PMC6151556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome typically includes Type 2 diabetes associated with hyperglycemia, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. It is highly related to oxidative stress, formation of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) and key enzymes, such as carbohydrate digesting enzymes like pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). This study used an in vitro approach to assess the potential of four extracts of Siegesbeckia orientalis linne on key enzymes relevant to metabolic syndrome. In this research, S. orientailis was firstly extracted by ethanol. The ethanol extract (SE) was then partitioned sequentially with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, and these extracts were named SE-Hex, SE-EA and SE-MeOH, respectively. The experimental results showed that SE-EA had the highest total phenolic content (TPC, 76.9 ± 1.8 mg/g) and the total flavonoids content (TFC, 5.3 ± 0.3 mg/g). This extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities, including DPPH radical-scavenging capacity (IC50 = 161.8 ± 2.4 μg/mL), ABTS radical-scavenging capacity (IC50 = 13.9 ± 1.5 μg/mL) and reducing power. For anti-glycation activities, SE-EA showed the best results in the inhibition of AGEs, as well as inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 362.3 ± 9.2 μg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 = 119.0 ± 17.7 μg/mL). For anti-obesity activities, SE-EA indicated the highest suppression effect on pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 3.67 ± 0.52 mg/mL). Finally, for anti-hypertension activity, SE-EA also demonstrated the strongest inhibitory activity on ACE (IC50 = 626.6 ± 15.0 μg/mL). Close relationships were observed among the parameters of TPC, antioxidant activities, inhibitory activities on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase and ACE (R > 0.9). Moderate correlations were found among the parameters of TFC, antioxidant activities, and suppression of dicarbonyl compounds formation (R = 0.5-0.9). Taken together these in vitro studies reveal the therapeutic potential of SE-EA extract in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chin Hung
- Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Xue-Hua Ling
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Hsia-Fen Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Nutrition Therapy, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Ci Luo
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Tzu Lee
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Jer-Yiing Houng
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jędzura A, Adamczyk P, Bjanid O, Świętochowska E, Roszkowska-Bjanid D, Baraniecka A, Banaszak B, Plesiński K, Morawiec-Knysak A, Ziora K, Szczepańska M. Non-dipping status and selected adipokines concentration in children with primary arterial hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1324474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jędzura
- Dialysis Division for Children, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Public Clinical Hospital, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Adamczyk
- Chair and Clinical Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Omar Bjanid
- Dialysis Division for Children, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Public Clinical Hospital, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Chair and Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, SMDZ in Zabrze, SUM in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dagmara Roszkowska-Bjanid
- Dialysis Division for Children, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Public Clinical Hospital, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Baraniecka
- Dialysis Division for Children, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Public Clinical Hospital, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Beata Banaszak
- Chair and Clinical Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Aurelia Morawiec-Knysak
- Dialysis Division for Children, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Public Clinical Hospital, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ziora
- Chair and Clinical Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maria Szczepańska
- Chair and Clinical Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tsai YY, Rainey WE, Bollag WB. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-induced signals mediating aldosterone production. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R115-R129. [PMID: 27913572 PMCID: PMC8310676 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal zona glomerulosa, enhances sodium retention, thus increasing blood volume and pressure. Excessive production of aldosterone results in high blood pressure and contributes to cardiovascular and renal disease, stroke and visual loss. Hypertension is also associated with obesity, which is correlated with other serious health risks as well. Although weight gain is associated with increased blood pressure, the mechanism by which excess fat deposits increase blood pressure remains unclear. Several studies have suggested that aldosterone levels are elevated with obesity and may represent a link between obesity and hypertension. In addition to hypertension, obese patients typically have dyslipidemia, including elevated serum levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). VLDL, which functions to transport triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues, has been demonstrated to stimulate aldosterone production. Recent studies suggest that the signaling pathways activated by VLDL are similar to those utilized by AngII. Thus, VLDL increases cytosolic calcium levels and stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) activity to result in the induction of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression. These effects seem to be mediated by the ability of VLDL to increase the phosphorylation (activation) of their regulatory transcription factors, such as the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein family of transcription factors. Thus, research into the pathways by which VLDL stimulates aldosterone production may identify novel targets for the development of therapies for the treatment of hypertension, particularly those associated with obesity, and other aldosterone-modulated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University), Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - William E Rainey
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University), Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterOne Freedom Way, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
de Giorgis T, Marcovecchio ML, Giannini C, Chiavaroli V, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. Blood pressure from childhood to adolescence in obese youths in relation to insulin resistance and asymmetric dimethylarginine. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:169-76. [PMID: 26178736 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PROPOSE Hypertension is the most important cardiovascular complication of obesity, even during childhood. Several studies have demonstrated that there is a natural progression of hypertension from childhood to adulthood. However, there are no data reporting a potential worsening in blood pressure (BP) already moving from the pre-pubertal to the pubertal period in obese youths. The aim of this study was to evaluate early change in BP and its relation to insulin resistance (IR) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). METHODS Thirty obese children underwent a first assessment when they were pre-pubertal (visit_1) and were re-evaluated after a mean of 4.5 years (visit_2). At both visits, anthropometric parameters were assessed, blood samples were collected for measurement of insulin, glucose and ADMA and a 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring was performed. RESULTS At visit_2, the study participants presented increased HOMA-IR and ADMA compared to visit_1 (HOMA-IR: 3.6 ± 2.8 vs 2.8 ± 1.4, p = 0.01; ADMA: 1.57 ± 0.78 vs 0.77 ± 0.52 μmol/l, p < 0.001). Values of 24-h systolic and diastolic BP SDS (0.86 ± 0.79 vs 0.42 ± 0.83, p = 0.001; -0.45 ± 0.82 vs 0.08 ± 0.51, p = 0.001) were significantly increased at visit_2 compared to visit_1. At both visits, BMI-SDS, HOMA-IR and ADMA were associated with 24-h BP. In addition, over-time changes in IR and ADMA influenced changes in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure from childhood to adolescence (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Changes in BP already occur moving from the pre-pubertal to the pubertal period in obese children, and modifications in insulin resistance and ADMA seem to be implicated in this early progression in BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T de Giorgis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Ospedale Policlinico, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Center, 'G. d'Annunzio' Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - M L Marcovecchio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Ospedale Policlinico, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Center, 'G. d'Annunzio' Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - C Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Ospedale Policlinico, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Center, 'G. d'Annunzio' Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - V Chiavaroli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Ospedale Policlinico, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Center, 'G. d'Annunzio' Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - F Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Ospedale Policlinico, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Center, 'G. d'Annunzio' Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Ospedale Policlinico, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
- Clinical Research Center, 'G. d'Annunzio' Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Salem S, Jankowski V, Asare Y, Liehn E, Welker P, Raya-Bermudez A, Pineda-Martos C, Rodriguez M, Muñoz-Castañeda JR, Bruck H, Marx N, Machado FB, Staudt M, Heinze G, Zidek W, Jankowski J. Identification of the Vasoconstriction-Inhibiting Factor (VIF), a Potent Endogenous Cofactor of Angiotensin II Acting on the Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor. Circulation 2015; 131:1426-34. [PMID: 25810338 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin system and especially the angiotensin peptides play a central role in blood pressure regulation. Here, we hypothesize that an as-yet unknown peptide is involved in the action of angiotensin II modulating the vasoregulatory effects as a cofactor. METHODS AND RESULTS The peptide with vasodilatory properties was isolated from adrenal glands chromatographically. The effects of this peptide were evaluated in vitro and in vivo, and the receptor affinity was analyzed. The plasma concentration in humans was quantified in patients with chronic kidney disease, patients with heart failure, and healthy control subjects. The amino acid sequence of the peptide from bovine adrenal glands was HSSYEDELSEVL EKPNDQAE PKEVTEEVSSKDAAE, which is a degradation product of chromogranin A. The sequence of the peptide isolated from human plasma was HSGFEDELSEVLENQSSQAELKEAVEEPSSKDVME. Both peptides diminished significantly the vasoconstrictive effect of angiotensin II in vitro. Therefore, we named the peptide vasoconstriction-inhibiting factor (VIF). The vasoregulatory effects of VIF are mediated by the angiotensin II type 2 receptor. VIF impairs angiotensin II-induced phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway but not of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2. The vasodilatory effects were confirmed in vivo. The plasma concentration was significantly increased in renal patients and patients with heart failure. CONCLUSIONS VIF is a vasoregulatory peptide that modulates the vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II by acting on the angiotensin II type 2 receptor. It is likely that the increase in VIF may serve as a counterregulatory effect to defend against hypertension. The identification of this target may help us to understand the pathophysiology of renal and heart failure and may form a basis for the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Salem
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Vera Jankowski
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Yaw Asare
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Elisa Liehn
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Pia Welker
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Ana Raya-Bermudez
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Carmen Pineda-Martos
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Mariano Rodriguez
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Juan Rafael Muñoz-Castañeda
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Heike Bruck
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Fernanda B Machado
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Mareike Staudt
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Georg Heinze
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Walter Zidek
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.)
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- From Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany (S.S., W.Z.); Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany (S.S., V.J., Y.A., E.L., M.S., J.J.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany (P.W., F.B.M.); Nefrology Service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain (A.R.-B., C.P.-M., M.R., J.R.M.-C.); University Hospital Essen, Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.B.); University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Aachen, Germany (N.M.); and Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Vienna, Austria (G.H.).
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen X, Du H, Zhang J, Chen X, Luo G, Que X, Zhang N, Bian Z, Guo Y, Li L, Chen Z, Wu X. Adiposity and blood pressure among 55 000 relatively lean rural adults in southwest of China. J Hum Hypertens 2015; 29:522-9. [PMID: 25652532 PMCID: PMC4537884 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a strong determinant of blood pressure. Uncertainty remains, however, about which indices of adiposity most strongly predict blood pressure, particularly among those who were relatively lean, such as those from rural China. We analyzed cross-sectional data on 55 687 (38.3% men) participants aged 30–79 years who were enrolled into the China Kadoorie Biobank from a rural county in southwest of China during 2004–2008. Measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were related to blood pressure in multivariable linear regression analyses. The overall mean values of BMI, WC, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 23.3 kg m−2, 78.0 cm, 129.2 mm Hg and 77.2 mm Hg, respectively. There was a strongly positive, and apparently linear, relationship of BMI and WC with blood pressure, with 1 s.d. higher BMI associated with 4.3/2.3 mm Hg higher SBP/DBP and 1 s.d. WC associated with 3.8/2.1 mm Hg (P<0.0001). Additional adjustment for WC only slightly attenuated the association of BMI with blood pressure, whereas additional adjustment for BMI almost completely eliminated the association of WC with blood pressure. Our findings suggest that in relatively lean Chinese adults, general adiposity is more strongly assciated with blood pressure than central adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- 1] West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, China [2] Sichuan Provincial Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Sichuan Province, China
| | - H Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, China
| | - X Chen
- Pengzhou Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Sichuan Province, China
| | - G Luo
- Pengzhou Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Sichuan Province, China
| | - X Que
- Pengzhou Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Sichuan Province, China
| | - N Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Z Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Li
- 1] Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China [2] School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - X Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone synthesized in and secreted from the outer layer of the adrenal cortex, the zona glomerulosa. Aldosterone is responsible for regulating sodium homeostasis, thereby helping to control blood volume and blood pressure. Insufficient aldosterone secretion can lead to hypotension and circulatory shock, particularly in infancy. On the other hand, excessive aldosterone levels, or those too high for sodium status, can cause hypertension and exacerbate the effects of high blood pressure on multiple organs, contributing to renal disease, stroke, visual loss, and congestive heart failure. Aldosterone is also thought to directly induce end-organ damage, including in the kidneys and heart. Because of the significance of aldosterone to the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, it is important to understand the regulation of its biosynthesis and secretion from the adrenal cortex. Herein, the mechanisms regulating aldosterone production in zona glomerulosa cells are discussed, with a particular emphasis on signaling pathways involved in the secretory response to the main controllers of aldosterone production, the renin-angiotensin II system, serum potassium levels and adrenocorticotrophic hormone. The signaling pathways involved include phospholipase C-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, cytosolic calcium levels, calcium influx pathways, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, diacylglycerol, protein kinases C and D, 12-hydroxyeicostetraenoic acid, phospholipase D, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, tyrosine kinases, adenylate cyclase, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. A complete understanding of the signaling events regulating aldosterone biosynthesis may allow the identification of novel targets for therapeutic interventions in hypertension, primary aldosteronism, congestive heart failure, renal disease, and other cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Chiang JK, Chen CL, Tseng FY, Chi YC, Huang KC, Yang WS. Higher blood aldosterone level in metabolic syndrome is independently related to adiposity and fasting plasma glucose. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:3. [PMID: 25582547 PMCID: PMC4302513 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoadiponectinemia is a well-known state associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR). Recently aldosterone has been highly associated with high blood pressure, and may thus be a possible biomarker for MetS and IR. In this study, we investigate the association of aldosterone with MetS and IR, and compare it with that of adiponectin. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 556 women receiving physical examinations at a general hospital in central Taiwan. At the time of examination, we collected data on various demographic and physical characteristics and measured blood levels of aldosterone, adiponectin and a variety of metabolic factors. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using adiponectin or aldosterone as the dependent variables. RESULTS We found an inverse correlation between blood adiponectin and aldosterone (γ = -0.11, P = 0.009). Adiponectin levels were lower and aldosterone levels higher in women with MetS that those without (8.1 ± 0.4 vs. 11.5 ± 0.2 μg/mL, P < 0.001 and 691 ± 50 vs. 560 ± 11 pmol/L, P = 0.013, respectively), as they were in women with and without IR (adiponectin 10.4 ± 0.5 vs. 11.3 ± 0.2 μg/mL, P = 0.003 and aldosterone 635 ± 31 vs. 560 ± 11 pmol/L, P = 0.022). Although aldosterone was significantly related to body fat %, fasting plasma glucose and serum creatinine levels, the relationship between adiponectin and aldosterone was not obvious after adjustment in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Although aldosterone was related to metabolic factors, including body fat % and fasting plasma glucose in our female subjects, the relationship between aldosterone and adiponectin remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Kun Chiang
- Department of Family Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7 Chun-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7 Chun-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Yu Tseng
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chiao Chi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7 Chun-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Shiung Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7 Chun-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nie F, Liang Y, Xun H, Sun J, He F, Ma X. Inhibitory effects of tannic acid in the early stage of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation by down-regulating PPARγ expression. Food Funct 2015; 6:894-901. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00871e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tannic acid inhibits lipid accumulation in the early stage of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation by down-regulating PPARγ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Nie
- College of Life Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Kinesiology and Health
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Hang Xun
- State Forestry Administration
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Academy of Bioresource Utilization
- Beijing 100102
- China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Forestry Administration
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Academy of Bioresource Utilization
- Beijing 100102
- China
| | - Fei He
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Urmuqi 830011
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- College of Life Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu H, Cheng XW, Hao C, Zhang Z, Yao H, Murohara T, Dai Q. Regulation of apelin and its receptor expression in adipose tissues of obesity rats with hypertension and cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Exp Anim 2014; 63:257-67. [PMID: 24770651 PMCID: PMC4160987 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The apelin/APJ system has been implicated in obesity-related hypertension. We
investigated the mechanism responsible for the pathogenesis of obesity-related
hypertension with a special focus on the crosstalk between AngII/its type 1 receptor
(AT1R) signaling and apelin/APJ expression. Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat
(obesity-related hypertension, OH) or normal-fat diet (NF) for 15 weeks were randomly
assigned to one of two groups and administered vehicle or perindopril for 4 weeks.
Compared to the NF rats, the OH rats showed lower levels of plasma apelin and apelin/APJ
mRNAs of perirenal adipose tissues, and these changes were restored by perindopril.
Administration of the AT1R antagonist olmesartan resulted in the restoration of the
reduction of apelin and APJ expressions induced by AngII for 48 h in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Among several inhibitors for extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) PD98059,
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) SB203580 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
(PI3K) LY294002, the latter showed an additive effect on AngII-mediated inhibitory
effects. In addition, the levels of p-Akt, p-ERK and p38MAPK proteins were decreased by
long-term treatment with AngII (120 min), and these changes were restored by Olmesartan.
Apelin/APJ appears to be impaired in obesity-related hypertension. The AngII
inhibition-mediated beneficial effects are likely attributable, at least in part, to
restoration of p38/ERK-dependent apelin/APJ expression in diet-induced obesity-related
hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sánchez A, Contreras C, Martínez P, Muñoz M, Martínez AC, García-Sacristán A, Hernández M, Prieto D. Endothelin A (ETA) Receptors Are Involved in Augmented Adrenergic Vasoconstriction and Blunted Nitric Oxide-Mediated Relaxation of Penile Arteries from Insulin-Resistant Obese Zucker Rats. J Sex Med 2014; 11:1463-74. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
28
|
Feng Z, Hai-ning Y, Xiao-man C, Zun-chen W, Sheng-rong S, Das UN. Effect of yellow capsicum extract on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Nutrition 2013; 30:319-25. [PMID: 24296036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of effect of Yellow Capsicum extract (YCE) that is rich in capsaicin on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in vitro. METHODS 3T3 L1 cells that were exposed to differentiation-inducing medium containing high glucose DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) and subsequently were treated with capsaicin and YCE for their effect on adipocyte differentiation, changes in their triglyceride content, leptin secretion, expression of lipoprotein lipase, PPARγ, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). RESULTS Both YCE and capsaicin inhibited proliferation and differentiation 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and suppressed accumulation of intracellular triglyceride in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, a significant decrease in the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), leptin, PPARγ, and C/EBPα was noted in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes when induced to differentiate by YCE and Capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS The potent inhibitory action of YCE and Capsaicin on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte observed suggests that they (YCE and Capsaicin) have the potential to inhibit obesity that needs to be explored in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Hai-ning
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui Xiao-man
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang Zun-chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Sheng-rong
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, Shaker Heights, Ohio, USA; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, India; Bio-Science Research Centre, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chávez-Canales M, Arroyo JP, Ko B, Vázquez N, Bautista R, Castañeda-Bueno M, Bobadilla NA, Hoover RS, Gamba G. Insulin increases the functional activity of the renal NaCl cotransporter. J Hypertens 2013; 31:303-11. [PMID: 23303355 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835bbb83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin is recognized to increase renal salt reabsorption in the distal nephron and hyperinsulinemic states have been shown to be associated with increased expression of the renal NaCl cotransporter (NCC). However, the effect of insulin on NCC functional activity has not been reported. METHODS Using a heterologous expression system of Xenopus laevis oocytes, a mouse distal convoluted cell line, mDCT15 cells, endogenously expressing NCC, and an ex-vivo kidney perfusion technique, we assessed the effect of insulin on the activity and phosphorylation of NCC. The signaling pathway involved was analyzed. RESULTS In Xenopus oocytes insulin increases the activity of NCC together with its phosphorylation at threonine residue 58. Activation of NCC by insulin was also observed in mDCT15 cells. Additionally, insulin increased the NCC phosphorylation in kidney under the ex-vivo perfusion technique. In oocytes and mDCT15 cells, insulin effect on NCC was prevented with inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mTORC2, and AKT1 kinases, but not by inhibitors of MAP or mTORC1 kinases, suggesting that PI3K-mTORC2-AKT1 is the intracellular pathway required. Additionally, activation of NCC by insulin was not affected by wild-type or mutant versions of with no lysine kinase 1, with no lysine kinase 4, or serum glucocorticoid kinase 1, but it was no longer observed in the presence of wild-type or the dominant negative, catalytically inactive with no lysine kinase 3, implicating this kinase in the process. CONCLUSION Insulin induces activation and phosphorylation of NCC. This effect could play an important role in arterial hypertension associated with hyperinsulinemic states, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Chávez-Canales
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Landsberg L, Aronne LJ, Beilin LJ, Burke V, Igel LI, Lloyd-Jones D, Sowers J. Obesity-related hypertension: pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment--a position paper of the The Obesity Society and The American Society of Hypertension. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:8-24. [PMID: 23401272 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In light of the worldwide epidemic of obesity, and in recognition of hypertension as a major factor in the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with obesity, The Obesity Society and The American Society of Hypertension agreed to jointly sponsor a position paper on obesity-related hypertension to be published jointly in the journals of each society. The purpose is to inform the members of both societies, as well as practicing clinicians, with a timely review of the association between obesity and high blood pressure, the risk that this association entails, and the options for rational, evidenced-based treatment. The position paper is divided into six sections plus a summary as follows: pathophysiology, epidemiology and cardiovascular risk, the metabolic syndrome, lifestyle management in prevention and treatment, pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in the obese, and the medical and surgical treatment of obesity in obese hypertensive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Landsberg
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Landsberg L, Aronne LJ, Beilin LJ, Burke V, Igel LI, Lloyd-Jones D, Sowers J. Obesity-related hypertension: pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment: a position paper of The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2012; 15:14-33. [PMID: 23282121 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In light of the worldwide epidemic of obesity, and in recognition of hypertension as a major factor in the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with obesity, The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension agreed to jointly sponsor a position paper on obesity-related hypertension to be published jointly in the journals of each society. The purpose is to inform the members of both societies, as well as practicing clinicians, with a timely review of the association between obesity and high blood pressure, the risk that this association entails, and the options for rational, evidenced-based treatment. The position paper is divided into six sections plus a summary as follows: pathophysiology, epidemiology and cardiovascular risk, the metabolic syndrome, lifestyle management in prevention and treatment, pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in the obese, and the medical and surgical treatment of obesity in obese hypertensive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Landsberg
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xi B, Zhang M, Wang C, Shen Y, Zhao X, Wang X, Mi J. The common SNP (rs9939609) in the FTO gene modifies the association between obesity and high blood pressure in Chinese children. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:773-8. [PMID: 23111453 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that common variants in fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) gene are associated with body mass index (BMI) and the risk of obesity. Since obesity plays an important role in the etiology of high blood pressure (HBP), we aim to investigate the association between obesity and HBP in a population with different variants of the FTO gene. A total of 3,494 children (1,775 boys, 50.8 %) aged 6-18 years were recruited for measuring pubertal status, BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs9939609 of the FTO gene was genotyped. The blood pressure levels increased by 1.4, 1.5 and 1.8 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 0.8, 0.9 and 1.2 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure per 1-unit BMI increase in subjects carrying TT, TA and AA genotypes, respectively. After stratifying for FTO rs9939609 genotypes (TT, TA and AA), the odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) of HBP in obese versus non-obese children were 4.26 (3.18-5.71), 5.13 (2.96-8.90) and 10.37 (1.59-67.43), respectively, with adjustment for age, gender and pubertal status. The FTO rs9939609 SNP modifies the effect of obesity on HBP in Chinese children, with obese ones carrying the AA homozygous genotype of the FTO rs9939609 having the highest risk of developing HBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Louis XL, Thandapilly SJ, MohanKumar SK, Yu L, Taylor CG, Zahradka P, Netticadan T. Treatment with low-dose resveratrol reverses cardiac impairment in obese prone but not in obese resistant rats. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1163-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
34
|
Dietary supplementation oftrans-11-vaccenic acid reduces adipocyte size but neither aggravates nor attenuates obesity-mediated metabolic abnormalities infa/faZucker rats. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:1628-36. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451200339x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) present in dairy and ruminant fat has beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome characteristics in humans and some rodent models. Production practices to increase the milk content of CLA are also substantially elevatingtrans-11-vaccenic acid (VA). Questions are being raised whether VA has the same beneficial actions as CLA or has adverse biological effects similar to industrially producedtrans-fatty acids. The present study examined the effects of dietary supplementation of either 0 or 1·5 % (w/w) VA for 8 weeks on lipidaemia, glycaemia, blood pressure, hepatic steatosis, adipocyte size and molecular markers of inflammation and insulin signalling infa/faZucker rats. Dietary supplementation of VA did not alter feed intake, weight gain, blood pressure or organ:body weight (BW) ratios, except the epididymal fat:BW ratio which was lower in the VA group compared with the control group. The total liver lipid concentration as an indicator of hepatic steatosis was not different between the groups. Likewise, there were no changes in fasting lipidaemia, glycaemia or oral glucose tolerance. Although there were no physiological differences observed between the groups, animals supplemented with VA had smaller adipocytes (approximately 7 % smaller than the controls). The VA group also had higher adipophilin and IL-10 protein levels in epididymal adipose tissue (1·7- and 1·4-fold higher than the controls, respectively); however, there were no changes observed in critical nodes of insulin signalling. The present study provides evidence that supplementation with VA, a naturally producedtrans-fat, has some positive effects on adipose tissue and did not exacerbate obesity-mediated metabolic abnormalities.
Collapse
|
35
|
Chaudhary N, Nakka KK, Maulik N, Chattopadhyay S. Epigenetic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and dietary management. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:254-81. [PMID: 22229755 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Metabolic syndrome constitutes a group of disorders such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia, predisposing an individual to risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. A majority of these diseases are influenced by the environmental factors, nutrient uptake, and genetic profile of an individual that together dysregulate gene function. These genetic and nongenetic factors are reported to introduce epigenetic cues that modulate the gene function which is inherited by the offspring. RECENT ADVANCES Considering the epigenetic modulation of the metabolic disorders, nutrigenomics has been distinctly categorized as a branch that deals with modulatory effect of nutrients on metabolic disorders and disease progression by supplementing the individuals with key nutrient-enriched diets which are derived from plant and animal sources. CRITICAL ISSUES Nutritional components of the diet regulate the metabolic health of an individual either by controlling the expression of some key genes related to metabolic pathways or by modulating the epigenetic events on such genes. The present article discusses various metabolic disorders in detail and the effect of nutrients on the specific genes causing those disorders. We also highlight the molecular mechanisms of some metabolic disorders through epigenetic modifications and possible therapeutic interventions. FUTURE DIRECTIONS With the advent of high-throughput technologies and epigenetic modulation of the metabolic disorders, an altered epigenetic code that is programmed due to improper nutrients can be reverted back by supplementing the diet with various plant-derived compounds. The implication of small molecular drugs is also of utmost significance for challenging the metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chaudhary
- Department of Chromatin and Disease, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee DC, Sui X, Church TS, Lavie CJ, Jackson AS, Blair SN. Changes in fitness and fatness on the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59:665-72. [PMID: 22322083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought examine the independent and combined associations of changes in fitness and fatness with the subsequent incidence of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and hypercholesterolemia. BACKGROUND The relative and combined contributions of fitness and fatness to health are controversial, and few studies are available on the associations of changes in fitness and fatness with the development of CVD risk factors. METHODS We followed up 3,148 healthy adults who received at least 3 medical examinations. Fitness was determined by using a maximal treadmill test. Fatness was expressed by percent body fat and body mass index. Changes in fitness and fatness between the first and second examinations were categorized into loss, stable, or gain groups. RESULTS During the 6-year follow-up after the second examination, 752, 426, and 597 adults developed hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and hypercholesterolemia, respectively. Maintaining or improving fitness was associated with lower risk of developing each outcome, whereas increasing fatness was associated with higher risk of developing each outcome, after adjusting for possible confounders and fatness or fitness for each other (all p for trend <0.05). In the joint analyses, the increased risks associated with fat gain appeared to be attenuated, although not completely eliminated, when fitness was maintained or improved. In addition, the increased risks associated with fitness loss were also somewhat attenuated when fatness was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Both maintaining or improving fitness and preventing fat gain are important to reduce the risk of developing CVD risk factors in healthy adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duck-Chul Lee
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xing Y, Rainey WE, Apolzan JW, Francone OL, Harris RBS, Bollag WB. Adrenal cell aldosterone production is stimulated by very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Endocrinology 2012; 153:721-31. [PMID: 22186415 PMCID: PMC3275386 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) are a class of large lipoprotein synthesized in the liver. The key function of VLDL, in vivo, is to carry triglyceride from the liver to adipose tissue. As a steroidogenic organ, the adrenal gland mainly uses lipoproteins as sources of cholesterol. Although VLDL receptors have been detected in the human adrenal, the function of VLDL in the adrenal gland remains unknown. Herein, we used primary cultures of human and bovine adrenal cells and the adrenocortical cell line H295R as models to determine the effects of VLDL on adrenal steroidogenesis. Our studies revealed that VLDL significantly increased aldosterone synthesis in all of the models tested. This increase was largely due to VLDL's stimulation of the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). VLDL increased CYP11B2 mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Effects of VLDL on CYP11B2 transcript levels were not additive with angiotensin II or potassium but were additive with the cAMP pathway agonists ACTH and forskolin. Nifedipine completely inhibited the effects of VLDL on CYP11B2 mRNA, suggesting that calcium is the main signal transduction pathway used by VLDL in adrenal cells. Indeed, VLDL increased cytosolic free calcium levels. An in vivo study conducted in sucrose-fed rats showed a positive correlation between elevated triglyceride (VLDL) levels in plasma and CYP11B2 expression in the adrenal. In conclusion, we have shown that VLDL can stimulate aldosterone synthesis in adrenocortical cells by increasing StAR and CYP11B2 expression, an event likely mediated by a calcium-initiated signaling cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Xing
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Asferg C, Møgelvang R, Flyvbjerg A, Frystyk J, Jensen JS, Marott JL, Appleyard M, Schnohr P, Jensen GB, Jeppesen J. Interaction between leptin and leisure-time physical activity and development of hypertension. Blood Press 2011; 20:362-9. [DOI: 10.3109/00365599.2011.586248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
39
|
Selassie A, Wagner CS, Laken ML, Ferguson ML, Ferdinand KC, Egan BM. Progression is accelerated from prehypertension to hypertension in blacks. Hypertension 2011; 58:579-87. [PMID: 21911708 PMCID: PMC3186683 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.177410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prehypertension is a major risk factor for hypertension. Blacks have more prevalent and severe hypertension than whites, but it is unknown whether progression from prehypertension is accelerated in blacks. We examined this question in a prospective cohort study of 18 865 nonhypertensive persons (5733 black [30.4%] and 13 132 white [69.6%]) aged 18 to 85 years. Electronic health record data were obtained from 197 community-based outpatient clinics in the Southeast United States. Days elapsing from study entry to hypertension diagnosis, mainly blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg systolic and/or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic on 2 consecutive visits established conversion time within a maximum observation period of 2550 days. Cox regression modeling was used to examine conversion to hypertension as a function of race, while controlling for age, sex, baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. The covariable adjusted median conversion time when 50% became hypertensive was 365 days earlier for blacks than whites (626 versus 991 days; P<0.001). Among covariables, baseline systolic blood pressure 130 to 139 mm Hg (hazard ratio: 1.77 [95% CI: 1.69 to 1.86]) and 120 to 129 mm Hg (hazard ratio: 1.52 [95% CI: 1.44 to 1.60]), as well as age ≥75 years (hazard ratio: 1.40 [95% CI: 1.29 to 1.51]) and 55 to 74 years (hazard ratio: 1.29 [95% CI: 1.23 to 1.35]) were the strongest predictors of hypertension. Additional predictors included age 35 to 54 years, diastolic blood pressure 80 to 89 mm Hg, overweight and obesity, and diabetes mellitus (all P<0.001). Conversion from prehypertension to hypertension is accelerated in blacks, which suggests that effective interventions in prehypertension could reduce racial disparities in prevalent hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anbesaw Selassie
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Aronow WS, Fleg JL, Pepine CJ, Artinian NT, Bakris G, Brown AS, Ferdinand KC, Ann Forciea M, Frishman WH, Jaigobin C, Kostis JB, Mancia G, Oparil S, Ortiz E, Reisin E, Rich MW, Schocken DD, Weber MA, Wesley DJ, Harrington RA, Bates ER, Bhatt DL, Bridges CR, Eisenberg MJ, Ferrari VA, Fisher JD, Gardner TJ, Gentile F, Gilson MF, Hlatky MA, Jacobs AK, Kaul S, Moliterno DJ, Mukherjee D, Rosenson RS, Stein JH, Weitz HH, Wesley DJ. ACCF/AHA 2011 expert consensus document on hypertension in the elderly: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents developed in collaboration with the American Academy of Neurology, American Geriatrics Society, American Society for Preventive Cardiology, American Society of Hypertension, American Society of Nephrology, Association of Black Cardiologists, and European Society of Hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 5:259-352. [PMID: 21771565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
41
|
Aronow WS, Fleg JL, Pepine CJ, Artinian NT, Bakris G, Brown AS, Ferdinand KC, Forciea MA, Frishman WH, Jaigobin C, Kostis JB, Mancia G, Oparil S, Ortiz E, Reisin E, Rich MW, Schocken DD, Weber MA, Wesley DJ. ACCF/AHA 2011 Expert Consensus Document on Hypertension in the Elderly. Circulation 2011; 123:2434-506. [PMID: 21518977 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e31821daaf6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carl J. Pepine
- American College of Cardiology Foundation Representative
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Deborah J. Wesley
- ACCF Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents Representative. Authors with no symbol by their name were included to provide additional content expertise apart from organizational representation
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Essick EE, Sam F. Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the metabolic syndrome: a role for aldosterone and the mineralocorticoid receptor. Int J Hypertens 2011; 2011:346985. [PMID: 21747976 PMCID: PMC3124304 DOI: 10.4061/2011/346985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension, major risk factors for the metabolic syndrome, render individuals susceptible to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, such as adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. There has been much investigation into the role that an increase in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and in particular, how aldosterone mediates left ventricular hypertrophy and increased cardiac fibrosis via its interaction with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Here, we review the pertinent findings that link obesity with elevated aldosterone and the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis associated with the metabolic syndrome. These studies illustrate a complex cross-talk between adipose tissue, the heart, and the adrenal
cortex. Furthermore, we discuss findings from our laboratory that suggest that cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the metabolic syndrome may involve cross-talk between aldosterone and adipokines (such as adiponectin).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Essick
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine 715 Albany Street, W507 Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Aronow WS, Fleg JL, Pepine CJ, Artinian NT, Bakris G, Brown AS, Ferdinand KC, Ann Forciea M, Frishman WH, Jaigobin C, Kostis JB, Mancia G, Oparil S, Ortiz E, Reisin E, Rich MW, Schocken DD, Weber MA, Wesley DJ. ACCF/AHA 2011 expert consensus document on hypertension in the elderly: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus documents developed in collaboration with the American Academy of Neurology, American Geriatrics Society, American Society for Preventive Cardiology, American Society of Hypertension, American Society of Nephrology, Association of Black Cardiologists, and European Society of Hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57:2037-114. [PMID: 21524875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
44
|
Adachi T, Sert-Kuniyoshi FH, Calvin AD, Singh P, Romero-Corral A, van der Walt C, Davison DE, Bukartyk J, Konecny T, Pusalavidyasagar S, Sierra-Johnson J, Somers VK. Effect of weight gain on cardiac autonomic control during wakefulness and sleep. Hypertension 2011; 57:723-30. [PMID: 21357280 PMCID: PMC3469265 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.163147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with increased cardiac sympathetic activation during wakefulness, but the effect on sleep-related sympathetic modulation is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fat gain on cardiac autonomic control during wakefulness and sleep in humans. We performed a randomized, controlled study to assess the effects of fat gain on heart rate variability. We recruited 36 healthy volunteers, who were randomized to either a standardized diet to gain ≈4 kg over 8 weeks followed by an 8-week weight loss period (n=20) or to serve as a weight-maintainer control (n=16). An overnight polysomnogram with power spectral analysis of heart rate variability was performed at baseline, after weight gain, and after weight loss to determine the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power and to examine the relationship between changes in heart rate variability and changes in insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. Mean weight gain was 3.9 kg in the fat gain group versus 0.1 kg in the maintainer group. Low frequency/high frequency increased both during wakefulness and sleep after fat gain and returned to baseline after fat loss in the fat gain group and did not change in the control group. Insulin, leptin, and adiponectin also increased after fat gain and fell after fat loss, but no clear pattern of changes was seen that correlated consistently with changes in heart rate variability. Short-term fat gain in healthy subjects is associated with increased cardiac sympathetic activation during wakefulness and sleep, but the mechanisms remain unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Adachi
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Repaci A, Gambineri A, Pasquali R. The role of low-grade inflammation in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 335:30-41. [PMID: 20708064 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PCOS is not only the most frequent cause of oligomenorrhea in young women, but also a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and obesity, especially the visceral phenotype. PCOS represents a broad spectrum of endocrine and metabolic alterations which change with age and with increasing adiposity. In fact, during adolescence and youth the predominant clinical manifestations of PCOS are menstrual abnormalities, hirsutism and acne, whereas in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal periods metabolic disorders and an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases prevail. The pathogenetic links between PCOS and metabolic or cardiovascular complications are still debated. However, recent evidence has been focused on a condition of low-grade chronic inflammation as a potential cause of the long-term consequence of the syndrome. In this review we describe the state of low-grade inflammation observed in PCOS. In addition, we hypothesize the potential mechanisms responsible for the generation of this inflammatory state and the role played by low-grade inflammation in linking hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance with the metabolic and cardiovascular long-term complications of the syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Repaci
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
The role of oestrogen in the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer and prostate disease. Eur J Cancer Prev 2011; 19:256-71. [PMID: 20535861 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e328338f7d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A detailed review of the literature was performed in a bid to identify the presence of a common link between specific hormone interactions and the increasing prevalence of global disease. The synergistic action of unopposed oestrogen and leptin, compounded by increasing insulin, cortisol and xeno-oestrogen exposure directly initiate, promote and exacerbate obesity, type 2 diabetes, uterine overgrowth, prostatic enlargement, prostate cancer and breast cancer. Furthermore these hormones significantly contribute to the incidence and intensity of anxiety and depression, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease and stroke. This review, in collaboration with hundreds of evidence-based clinical researchers, correlates the significant interactions these hormones exert upon the upregulation of p450 aromatase, oestrogen, leptin and insulin receptor function; the normal status quo of their binding globulins; and how adduct formation alters DNA sequencing to ultimately produce an array of metabolic conditions ranging from menopausal symptoms and obesity to Alzheimer's disease and breast and prostate cancer. It reveals the way that poor diet, increased stress, unopposed endogenous oestrogens, exogenous oestrogens, pesticides, xeno-oestrogens and leptin are associated with increased aromatase activity, and how its products, increased endogenous oestrogen and lowered testosterone, are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and oestrogenic disease. This controversial break-through represents a paradigm shift in medical thinking, which can prevent the raging pandemic of diabetes, obesity and cancer currently sweeping the world, and as such, it will reshape health initiatives, reduce suffering, prevent waste of government expenditure and effectively transform preventative medicine and global health care for decades.
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Linkage of angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms with hypertension in a sibling study of Hong Kong Chinese. J Hypertens 2010; 28:1203-9. [PMID: 20216084 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283384b07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The angiotensinogen gene has been linked with human essential hypertension in whites but the relationship in Asian populations has been less consistent. This study aimed to examine genetic associations between hypertension and the M235T, T174M, and G-217A polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen gene in Chinese siblings. METHODS We studied members of 126 families with a hypertensive proband, including 434 siblings, of which 178 were hypertensive. Parental history of hypertension was recorded. The M235T, T174M, and G-217A polymorphisms were examined using a microarray method, validated by sequencing. The transmission disequilibrium test was applied to identify whether the genetic polymorphism loci were related to hypertension. Haplotype analysis of the combined polymorphisms was applied using the TRANSMIT program. Linkage study was conducted by applying the affected pedigree member method. RESULTS A significant overtransmission was observed for the T235 allele at the M235T polymorphism and hypertension (chi2 = 4.41, P = 0.036) but not for the T174M and G-217A polymorphisms. The haplotype analysis showed a significant association with the haplotypes of paired markers (T174 and T235) with chi2 value of 8.131 (P = 0.004; global test chi2 = 9.131, P = 0.028). Linkage between M235T and hypertension was detected (T = -2.25, P = 0.019), and a tendency for linkage with central obesity-related hypertension was found for the M235T and T174M polymorphisms (P = 0.0087 and P = 0.01). CONCLUSION The M235T and T174M variants, especially the T235 allele, contribute to an increased risk of hypertension in these Chinese patients.
Collapse
|
49
|
Ketonen J, Shi J, Martonen E, Mervaala E. Periadventitial adipose tissue promotes endothelial dysfunction via oxidative stress in diet-induced obese C57Bl/6 mice. Circ J 2010; 74:1479-87. [PMID: 20526041 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-09-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological substances derived from perivascular fat modulate vascular tone, thus alterations in periadventitial adipose tissue (PVAT) may aggravate endothelial dysfunction in obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57Bl/6 mice were fed either a high-fat diet or standard laboratory chow for 8 months. Vascular responses were studied in organ bath chambers from abdominal aortic ring preparations in the absence or presence of PVAT. The amount of PVAT as well as the cross-sectional area of adipocytes were increased in obese mice. In the presence of PVAT, obese aortas displayed impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation whereas endothelium-independent vasodilatation was unaltered. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was restored after removal of PVAT and after reducing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide formation in the vascular wall by Tiron or polyethylene-glycol-catalase, respectively. PVAT from obese mice showed increased formation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. The PVAT-derived oxidative stress was abolished by pretreatment with the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase inhibitor, apocynin. The anti-contractile function of PVAT found in lean mice was completely abolished in obese mice, but partially restored after pretreatment with Tiron. The mRNA expressions of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, leptin and NADPH oxidase were markedly higher in the PVAT of obese than lean mice. CONCLUSIONS PVAT promotes endothelial dysfunction in diet-induced obese C57Bl/6 mice via mechanisms that are linked to increased NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juha Ketonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Characterization of Frequency-Dependent Responses of the Vascular System to Repetitive Vibration. J Occup Environ Med 2010; 52:584-94. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181e12b1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|