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Lee SHT, Garske KM, Arasu UT, Kar A, Miao Z, Alvarez M, Koka A, Darci-Maher N, Benhammou JN, Pan DZ, Örd T, Kaminska D, Männistö V, Heinonen S, Wabitsch M, Laakso M, Agopian VG, Pisegna JR, Pietiläinen KH, Pihlajamäki J, Kaikkonen MU, Pajukanta P. Single nucleus RNA-sequencing integrated into risk variant colocalization discovers 17 cell-type-specific abdominal obesity genes for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. EBioMedicine 2024; 106:105232. [PMID: 38991381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity increases the risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). METHODS To elucidate the directional cell-type level biological mechanisms underlying the association between abdominal obesity and MASLD, we integrated adipose and liver single nucleus RNA-sequencing and bulk cis-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data with the UK Biobank genome-wide association study (GWAS) data using colocalization. Then we used colocalized cis-eQTL variants as instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, followed by functional validation experiments on the target genes of the cis-eQTL variants. FINDINGS We identified 17 colocalized abdominal obesity GWAS variants, regulating 17 adipose cell-type marker genes. Incorporating these 17 variants into MR discovers a putative tissue-of-origin, cell-type-aware causal effect of abdominal obesity on MASLD consistently with multiple MR methods without significant evidence for pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Single cell data confirm the adipocyte-enriched mean expression of the 17 genes. Our cellular experiments across human adipogenesis identify risk variant -specific epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms. Knocking down two of the 17 genes, PPP2R5A and SH3PXD2B, shows a marked decrease in adipocyte lipidation and significantly alters adipocyte function and adipogenesis regulator genes, including DGAT2, LPL, ADIPOQ, PPARG, and SREBF1. Furthermore, the 17 genes capture a characteristic MASLD expression signature in subcutaneous adipose tissue. INTERPRETATION Overall, we discover a significant cell-type level effect of abdominal obesity on MASLD and trace its biological effect to adipogenesis. FUNDING NIH grants R01HG010505, R01DK132775, and R01HL170604; the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant No. 802825), Academy of Finland (Grants Nos. 333021), the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation and the Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation; American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Advanced Transplant Hepatology award and NIH/NIDDK (P30DK41301) Pilot and Feasibility award; NIH/NIEHS F32 award (F32ES034668); Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, Kuopio University Hospital Project grant (EVO/VTR grants 2005-2021), the Academy of Finland grant (Contract no. 138006); Academy of Finland (Grant Nos 335443, 314383, 272376 and 266286), Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Finnish Medical Foundation, Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation (#NNF20OC0060547, NNF17OC0027232, NNF10OC1013354) and Government Research Funds to Helsinki University Hospital; Orion Research Foundation, Maud Kuistila Foundation, Finish Medical Foundation, and University of Helsinki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyuk T Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristina M Garske
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Uma Thanigai Arasu
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asha Kar
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zong Miao
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amogha Koka
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Darci-Maher
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jihane N Benhammou
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases and Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles HCS, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Z Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiit Örd
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ville Männistö
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vatche G Agopian
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Pisegna
- Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles HCS, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Healthy WeightHub, Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Koceva A, Herman R, Janez A, Rakusa M, Jensterle M. Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Obesity: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7342. [PMID: 39000449 PMCID: PMC11242171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, primarily characterized by excessive fat accumulation, is a multifactorial chronic disease with an increasing global prevalence. Despite the well-documented epidemiology and significant advances in understanding its pathophysiology and clinical implications, the impact of sex is typically overlooked in obesity research. Worldwide, women have a higher likelihood to become obese compared to men. Although women are offered weight loss interventions more often and at earlier stages than men, they are more vulnerable to psychopathology. Men, on the other hand, are less likely to pursue weight loss intervention and are more susceptible to the metabolic implications of obesity. In this narrative review, we comprehensively explored sex- and gender-specific differences in the development of obesity, focusing on a variety of biological variables, such as body composition, fat distribution and energy partitioning, the impact of sex steroid hormones and gut microbiota diversity, chromosomal and genetic variables, and behavioural and sociocultural variables influencing obesity development in men and women. Sex differences in obesity-related comorbidities and varying effectiveness of different weight loss interventions are also extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Koceva
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Medical Center Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Rok Herman
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Rakusa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Xu H, Gupta S, Dinsmore I, Kollu A, Cawley AM, Anwar MY, Chen HH, Petty LE, Seshadri S, Graff M, Below P, Brody JA, Chittoor G, Fisher-Hoch SP, Heard-Costa NL, Levy D, Lin H, Loos RJF, Mccormick JB, Rotter JI, Mirshahi T, Still CD, Destefano A, Cupples LA, Mohlke KL, North KE, Justice AE, Liu CT. Integrating Genetic and Transcriptomic Data to Identify Genes Underlying Obesity Risk Loci. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.11.24308730. [PMID: 38903089 PMCID: PMC11188121 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.24308730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous body mass index (BMI) loci. However, most underlying mechanisms from risk locus to BMI remain unknown. Leveraging omics data through integrative analyses could provide more comprehensive views of biological pathways on BMI. We analyzed genotype and blood gene expression data in up to 5,619 samples from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). Using 3,992 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 97 BMI loci and 20,692 transcripts within 1 Mb, we performed separate association analyses of transcript with BMI and SNP with transcript (PBMI and PSNP, respectively) and then a correlated meta-analysis between the full summary data sets (PMETA). We identified transcripts that met Bonferroni-corrected significance for each omic, were more significant in the correlated meta-analysis than each omic, and were at least nominally associated with BMI in FHS data. Among 308 significant SNP-transcript-BMI associations, we identified seven genes (NT5C2, GSTM3, SNAPC3, SPNS1, TMEM245, YPEL3, and ZNF646) in five association regions. Using an independent sample of blood gene expression data, we validated results for SNAPC3 and YPEL3. We tested for generalization of these associations in hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and liver and observed significant (PMETA<0.05 & PMETA
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusettes Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Shreyash Gupta
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Ian Dinsmore
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Abbey Kollu
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anne Marie Cawley
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, 125 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mohammad Y. Anwar
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hung-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Rd., Taipei, Nangang District, 115201, Taiwan
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lauren E. Petty
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusettes Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, 85 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, 8300 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Piper Below
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Brody
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Geetha Chittoor
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Susan P. Fisher-Hoch
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UT Health Houston, Regional Academic Health Center, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Nancy L. Heard-Costa
- Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Ruth JF. Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph B. Mccormick
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UT Health Houston, Regional Academic Health Center, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Tooraj Mirshahi
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Christopher D. Still
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Anita Destefano
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusettes Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, 85 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusettes Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusettes Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Chakrabarty A, Chakraborty S, Nandi D, Basu A. Multivariate genetic architecture reveals testosterone-driven sexual antagonism in contemporary humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404364121. [PMID: 38833469 PMCID: PMC11181031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404364121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex difference (SD) is ubiquitous in humans despite shared genetic architecture (SGA) between the sexes. A univariate approach, i.e., studying SD in single traits by estimating genetic correlation, does not provide a complete biological overview, because traits are not independent and are genetically correlated. The multivariate genetic architecture between the sexes can be summarized by estimating the additive genetic (co)variance across shared traits, which, apart from the cross-trait and cross-sex covariances, also includes the cross-sex-cross-trait covariances, e.g., between height in males and weight in females. Using such a multivariate approach, we investigated SD in the genetic architecture of 12 anthropometric, fat depositional, and sex-hormonal phenotypes. We uncovered sexual antagonism (SA) in the cross-sex-cross-trait covariances in humans, most prominently between testosterone and the anthropometric traits - a trend similar to phenotypic correlations. 27% of such cross-sex-cross-trait covariances were of opposite sign, contributing to asymmetry in the SGA. Intriguingly, using multivariate evolutionary simulations, we observed that the SGA acts as a genetic constraint to the evolution of SD in humans only when selection is sexually antagonistic and not concordant. Remarkably, we found that the lifetime reproductive success in both the sexes shows a positive genetic correlation with anthropometric traits, but not with testosterone. Moreover, we demonstrated that genetic variance is depleted along multivariate trait combinations in both the sexes but in different directions, suggesting absolute genetic constraint to evolution. Our results indicate that testosterone drives SA in contemporary humans and emphasize the necessity and significance of using a multivariate framework in studying SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Chakrabarty
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani741251, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani741251, West Bengal, India
- Biostatistics Division, Global Capability Center, GlaxoSmithKline India Global Service Private Limited, Bangalore560037, India
| | - Diptarup Nandi
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani741251, West Bengal, India
- School of Arts and Sciences, Azim Premji University, Bengaluru562125, Karnataka, India
| | - Analabha Basu
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani741251, West Bengal, India
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5
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Żegleń M, Kryst Ł, Kowal M, Woronkowicz A. Sexual dimorphism of adiposity and fat distribution among children and adolescents (8-18 year olds) from Poland. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24046. [PMID: 38308179 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to analyze the sexual dimorphism of total body fat [BF%] and fat distribution among 8-18 year olds from Poland. METHODS The study included 2175 participants, divided into sex and age groups. Waist and hip circumferences, the thickness of six skinfolds, waist-to-hips ratio [WHR], the ratio of abdominal-to-suprailiac skinfolds, and the limb-to-trunk adiposity index were analyzed. Fat percentage were measured with a body composition analyzer (Tanita) with accuracy 0.1%. The Mollison's Index [MI] was used for calculating sexual dimorphism. RESULTS The value of MI for the WHR and its components (waist and hip circumferences) was negative (the boys were characterized by higher values of these parameters). The magnitude of the sex differences was lower in the younger age groups and the highest in the oldest groups. For adiposity [BF%], the average values were higher in females. In the younger age groups, girls had thicker skinfolds compared to boys, and this tendency was also observed in the older age groups, except for abdominal and suprailiac skinfolds. The values of the analyzed adiposity indicators also represented a tendency toward central allocation of fat tissue in boys. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, sexual dimorphism of fat distribution and adiposity could be detected as early as 7 years of age. These differences can be identified using simple anthropometric methods, which are relatively cheap and easy to use, particularly in the field setting and large populations. The observation of changes in these features in children should be a recommended procedure aimed at early detection of overweight, obesity, as well as normal weight obesity or other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Żegleń
- Pain Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kryst
- Department of Anthropology, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kowal
- Department of Anthropology, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Woronkowicz
- Department of Anthropology, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
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6
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Li XQ, Cai MP, Wang MY, Shi BW, Yang GY, Wang J, Chu BB, Ming SL. Pseudorabies virus manipulates mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 2 for viral replication. Virol Sin 2024; 39:403-413. [PMID: 38636706 PMCID: PMC11279775 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The pseudorabies virus (PRV) is identified as a double-helical DNA virus responsible for causing Aujeszky's disease, which results in considerable economic impacts globally. The enzyme tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (WARS2), a mitochondrial protein involved in protein synthesis, is recognized for its broad expression and vital role in the translation process. The findings of our study showed an increase in both mRNA and protein levels of WARS2 following PRV infection in both cell cultures and animal models. Suppressing WARS2 expression via RNA interference in PK-15 cells led to a reduction in PRV infection rates, whereas enhancing WARS2 expression resulted in increased infection rates. Furthermore, the activation of WARS2 in response to PRV was found to be reliant on the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway and the interferon-alpha receptor-1, highlighting its regulation via the type I interferon signaling pathway. Further analysis revealed that reducing WARS2 levels hindered PRV's ability to promote protein and lipid synthesis. Our research provides novel evidence that WARS2 facilitates PRV infection through its management of protein and lipid levels, presenting new avenues for developing preventative and therapeutic measures against PRV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Meng-Pan Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Bo-Wen Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Sheng-Li Ming
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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7
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Breeyear JH, Mautz BS, Keaton JM, Hellwege JN, Torstenson ES, Liang J, Bray MJ, Giri A, Warren HR, Munroe PB, Velez Edwards DR, Zhu X, Li C, Edwards TL. A new test for trait mean and variance detects unreported loci for blood-pressure variation. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:954-965. [PMID: 38614075 PMCID: PMC11080606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Variability in quantitative traits has clinical, ecological, and evolutionary significance. Most genetic variants identified for complex quantitative traits have only a detectable effect on the mean of trait. We have developed the mean-variance test (MVtest) to simultaneously model the mean and log-variance of a quantitative trait as functions of genotypes and covariates by using estimating equations. The advantages of MVtest include the facts that it can detect effect modification, that multiple testing can follow conventional thresholds, that it is robust to non-normal outcomes, and that association statistics can be meta-analyzed. In simulations, we show control of type I error of MVtest over several alternatives. We identified 51 and 37 previously unreported associations for effects on blood-pressure variance and mean, respectively, in the UK Biobank. Transcriptome-wide association studies revealed 633 significant unique gene associations with blood-pressure mean variance. MVtest is broadly applicable to studies of complex quantitative traits and provides an important opportunity to detect novel loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Breeyear
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian S Mautz
- Population Analytics and Insights, Data Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric S Torstenson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael J Bray
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA; Genetic Counseling Program, Bay Path University, Longmeadow, MA, USA
| | - Ayush Giri
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, England
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, England
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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8
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Manco L, Albuquerque D, Aranda B, Rodrigues D, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Padez C. Differential sex-association between PCSK1 polymorphisms and obesity risk in Portuguese children. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24023. [PMID: 38009939 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 1 gene (PCSK1) is implicated in hypothalamic appetite control. Several studies have addressed the relationship between PCSK1 polymorphisms and obesity, although conflicting results were observed. We tested the potential association of four PCSK1 variants with the risk of overweight/obesity and related variables in Portuguese children. METHODS This is a case-control study, where four PCSK1 variants, rs6230 (c.-101T>C), rs6232 (p.N221D), rs6235 (p.S690T), and rs3811942 (c.*265T>C), were analyzed in Portuguese children (aged 5-13 years-old). Anthropometric measures were objectively collected and used to provide weight-for-age, height-for-age, and body mass index (BMI) for age. The indices generated were compared to standard reference values of WHO to obtain the corresponding Z-scores. RESULTS Logistic regression, in the dominant model, revealed no significant associations between the four individual PCSK1 variants and the risk of overweight/obesity in the total population. However, stratifying the sample by sex, a marginally significant association was found between the rs6235 minor C-allele and increased overweight/obesity in boys (n = 345) (OR 1.55 [1.01-2.38] p = .044), but not in girls (n = 340) (OR 0.73 [0.46-1.14] p = .169). Consistently, boys with genotype GG presented lower BMI Z-score (0.62) when compared to those with the genotypes GC + CC (1.04). Testing for different effects in males versus females, a significant interaction was found between the rs6235 polymorphism and sex for BMI Z-score (p = .025). CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest for a sex-differentiated association between PCSK1 rs6235 and overweight/ obesity in Portuguese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licínio Manco
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - David Albuquerque
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Aranda
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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9
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Bass AJ, Bian S, Wingo AP, Wingo TS, Cutler DJ, Epstein MP. Identifying latent genetic interactions in genome-wide association studies using multiple traits. Genome Med 2024; 16:62. [PMID: 38664839 PMCID: PMC11044415 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The "missing" heritability of complex traits may be partly explained by genetic variants interacting with other genes or environments that are difficult to specify, observe, and detect. We propose a new kernel-based method called Latent Interaction Testing (LIT) to screen for genetic interactions that leverages pleiotropy from multiple related traits without requiring the interacting variable to be specified or observed. Using simulated data, we demonstrate that LIT increases power to detect latent genetic interactions compared to univariate methods. We then apply LIT to obesity-related traits in the UK Biobank and detect variants with interactive effects near known obesity-related genes (URL: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lit ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Bass
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Shijia Bian
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Aliza P Wingo
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael P Epstein
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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10
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Feng K, Ren F, Shang Q, Wang X, Wang X. Association between oral microbiome and breast cancer in the east Asian population: A Mendelian randomization and case-control study. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:974-986. [PMID: 38485288 PMCID: PMC11045337 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal relationship between breast cancer (BC) and the oral microbiome remains unclear. In this case-control study, using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we thoroughly explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and BC in the East Asian population. METHODS Genetic summary data related to oral microbiota and BC were collected from genome-wide association studies involving participants of East Asian descent. MR estimates were generated by conducting various analyses. Sequencing data from a case-control study were used to verify the validity of these findings. RESULTS MR analysis revealed that 30 tongue and 37 salivary bacterial species were significantly associated with BC. Interestingly, in both tongue and salivary microbiomes, we observed the causal effect of six genera, namely, Aggregatibacter, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Haemophilus, Lachnospiraceae, Oribacterium, and Solobacterium, on BC. Our case-control study findings suggest differences in specific bacteria between patients with BC and healthy controls. Moreover, sequencing data confirmed the MR analysis results, demonstrating that compared with the healthy control group, the BC group had a higher relative abundance of Pasteurellaceae and Streptococcaceae but a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae. CONCLUSIONS Our MR analysis suggests that the oral microbiome exerts a causative effect on BC risk, supported by the sequencing data of a case-control study. In the future, studies should be undertaken to comprehensively understand the complex interaction mechanisms between the oral microbiota and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Feng
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Fei Ren
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Qingyao Shang
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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11
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Lin B, Paterson AD, Sun L. Better together against genetic heterogeneity: A sex-combined joint main and interaction analysis of 290 quantitative traits in the UK Biobank. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011221. [PMID: 38656964 PMCID: PMC11073786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic effects can be sex-specific, particularly for traits such as testosterone, a sex hormone. While sex-stratified analysis provides easily interpretable sex-specific effect size estimates, the presence of sex-differences in SNP effect implies a SNP×sex interaction. This suggests the usage of the often overlooked joint test, testing for an SNP's main and SNP×sex interaction effects simultaneously. Notably, even without individual-level data, the joint test statistic can be derived from sex-stratified summary statistics through an omnibus meta-analysis. Utilizing the available sex-stratified summary statistics of the UK Biobank, we performed such omnibus meta-analyses for 290 quantitative traits. Results revealed that this approach is robust to genetic effect heterogeneity and can outperform the traditional sex-stratified or sex-combined main effect-only tests. Therefore, we advocate using the omnibus meta-analysis that captures both the main and interaction effects. Subsequent sex-stratified analysis should be conducted for sex-specific effect size estimation and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxi Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lei Sun
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Morgan S, Reid I, Bendon C, Ishaq M, Shayan R, Pope B, Park D, Karnezis T. A Family-Based Study of Inherited Genetic Risk in Lipedema. Lymphat Res Biol 2024; 22:106-111. [PMID: 38407896 PMCID: PMC11044871 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2023.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipedema is a progressive condition involving excessive deposition of subcutaneous adipose tissue, predominantly in the lower limbs, which severely compromises quality of life. Despite the impact of lipedema, its molecular and genetic bases are poorly understood, making diagnosis and treatment difficult. Historical evaluation of individuals with lipedema indicates a positive family history in 60%-80% of cases; however, genetic investigation of larger family cohorts is required. Here, we report the largest family-based sequencing study to date, aimed at identifying genetic changes that contribute to lipedema. Methods and Results: DNA samples from 31 individuals from 9 lipedema families were analyzed to reveal genetic variants predicted to alter protein function, yielding candidate variants in 469 genes. We did not identify any individual genes that contained likely disease-causing variants across all participating families. However, gene ontology analysis highlighted vasopressin receptor activity, microfibril binding, and patched binding as statistically significantly overrepresented categories for the set of candidate variants. Conclusions: Our study suggests that lipedema is not caused by a single exomic genetic factor, providing support for the hypothesis of genetic heterogeneity in the etiology of lipedema. As the largest study of its kind in the lipedema field, the results advance our understanding of the disease and provide a roadmap for future research aimed at improving the lives of those affected by lipedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Morgan
- Lymphatic, Adipose and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of O'Brien Institute, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Isabella Reid
- Lymphatic, Adipose and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of O'Brien Institute, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Charlotte Bendon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Musarat Ishaq
- Lymphatic, Adipose and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of O'Brien Institute, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Ramin Shayan
- Lymphatic, Adipose and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of O'Brien Institute, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Bernard Pope
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Surgery (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Park
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tara Karnezis
- Lymphatic, Adipose and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of O'Brien Institute, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
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13
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Vermehren-Schmaedick A, Joshi S, Wagoner W, Norgard MA, Packwood W, Diba P, Mendez H, Fedorov LM, Rakshe S, Park B, Marks DL, Grossberg A, Luoh SW. Grb7 Ablation in Mice Improved Glycemic Control, Enhanced Insulin Signaling, and Increased Abdominal fat Mass in Females. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae045. [PMID: 38578949 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Growth factor receptor bound protein 7 (GRB7) is a multidomain signaling adaptor. Members of the Grb7/10/14 family, specifically Gbrb10/14, have important roles in metabolism. We ablated the Grb7 gene in mice to examine its metabolic function. METHODS Global ablation of Grb7 in FVB/NJ mice was generated. Growth, organ weight, food intake, and glucose homeostasis were measured. Insulin signaling was examined by Western blotting. Fat and lean body mass was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance, and body composition after fasting or high-fat diet was assessed. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Expression of adiposity and lipid metabolism genes was measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Grb7-null mice were viable, fertile, and without obvious phenotype. Grb7 ablation improved glycemic control and displayed sensitization to insulin signaling in the liver. Grb7-null females but not males had increased gonadal white adipose tissue mass. Following a 12-week high-fat diet, Grb7-null female mice gained fat body mass and developed relative insulin resistance. With fasting, there was less decrease in fat body mass in Grb7-null female mice. Female mice with Grb7 ablation had increased baseline food intake, less energy expenditure, and displayed a decrease in the expression of lipolysis and adipose browning genes in gonadal white adipose tissue by transcript and protein analysis. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that Grb7 is a negative regulator of glycemic control. Our results reveal a role for Grb7 in female mice in the regulation of the visceral adipose tissue mass, a powerful predictor of metabolic dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Vermehren-Schmaedick
- Veterans Administration Portland Health Care System, Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sonali Joshi
- Veterans Administration Portland Health Care System, Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University and Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Wendy Wagoner
- Veterans Administration Portland Health Care System, Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Mason A Norgard
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William Packwood
- Small Animal Research Imaging Core, USR Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Parham Diba
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Heike Mendez
- Brenden Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lev M Fedorov
- Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource, USR Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shauna Rakshe
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Byung Park
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Aaron Grossberg
- Brenden Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shiuh-Wen Luoh
- Veterans Administration Portland Health Care System, Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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14
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Alser M, Naja K, Elrayess MA. Mechanisms of body fat distribution and gluteal-femoral fat protection against metabolic disorders. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1368966. [PMID: 38590830 PMCID: PMC10999599 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1368966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem that affects millions of individuals, and it is associated with metabolic diseases including insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, Body fat distribution (BFD) rather than crude obesity is now considered as a more accurate factor associated with these diseases. The factors affecting BFD vary, from genetic background, epigenetic factors, ethnicity, aging, hormonal changes, to lifestyle and medication consumptions. The main goal of controlling BFD comes from the fact that fat accumulation in different depots has a different effect on the overall health and metabolic health of individuals. It is well established that fat storage in the abdominal visceral depot is associated with metabolic disorder occurrence, while gluteal-femoral subcutaneous fat depot seems to be protective against these diseases. In this paper, we will summarize the factors affecting fat distribution. Then, we will present evidence connecting gluteal-femoral fat depot with protection against metabolic disorders including IR, T2D, and CVDs. Finally, we will list the suggested mechanisms that lead to this protective effect. The abstract is visualized in Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alser
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Naja
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Yeyeodu S, Hanafi D, Webb K, Laurie NA, Kimbro KS. Population-enriched innate immune variants may identify candidate gene targets at the intersection of cancer and cardio-metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1286979. [PMID: 38577257 PMCID: PMC10991756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Both cancer and cardio-metabolic disease disparities exist among specific populations in the US. For example, African Americans experience the highest rates of breast and prostate cancer mortality and the highest incidence of obesity. Native and Hispanic Americans experience the highest rates of liver cancer mortality. At the same time, Pacific Islanders have the highest death rate attributed to type 2 diabetes (T2D), and Asian Americans experience the highest incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cancers induced by infectious agents. Notably, the pathologic progression of both cancer and cardio-metabolic diseases involves innate immunity and mechanisms of inflammation. Innate immunity in individuals is established through genetic inheritance and external stimuli to respond to environmental threats and stresses such as pathogen exposure. Further, individual genomes contain characteristic genetic markers associated with one or more geographic ancestries (ethnic groups), including protective innate immune genetic programming optimized for survival in their corresponding ancestral environment(s). This perspective explores evidence related to our working hypothesis that genetic variations in innate immune genes, particularly those that are commonly found but unevenly distributed between populations, are associated with disparities between populations in both cancer and cardio-metabolic diseases. Identifying conventional and unconventional innate immune genes that fit this profile may provide critical insights into the underlying mechanisms that connect these two families of complex diseases and offer novel targets for precision-based treatment of cancer and/or cardio-metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yeyeodu
- Julius L Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Institute (JLC-BBRI), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
- Charles River Discovery Services, Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Donia Hanafi
- Julius L Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Institute (JLC-BBRI), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kenisha Webb
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nikia A. Laurie
- Julius L Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Institute (JLC-BBRI), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - K. Sean Kimbro
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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16
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Baazaoui I, Bedhiaf-Romdhani S, Mastrangelo S, Lenstra JA, Da Silva A, Benjelloun B, Ciani E. Refining the genomic profiles of North African sheep breeds through meta-analysis of worldwide genomic SNP data. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1339321. [PMID: 38487707 PMCID: PMC10938946 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1339321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The development of reproducible tools for the rapid genotyping of thousands of genetic markers (SNPs) has promoted cross border collaboration in the study of sheep genetic diversity on a global scale. Methods In this study, we collected a comprehensive dataset of 239 African and Eurasian sheep breeds genotyped at 37,638 filtered SNP markers, with the aim of understanding the genetic structure of 22 North African (NA) sheep breeds within a global context. Results and discussion We revealed asubstantial enrichment of the gene pool between the north and south shores of the Mediterranean Sea, which corroborates the importance of the maritime route in the history of livestock. The genetic structure of North African breeds mirrors the differential composition of genetic backgrounds following the breed history. Indeed, Maghrebin sheep stocks constitute a geographically and historically coherent unit with any breed-level genetic distinctness among them due to considerable gene flow. We detected a broad east-west pattern describing the most important trend in NA fat-tailed populations, exhibited by the genetic closeness of Egyptian and Libyan fat-tailed sheep to Middle Eastern breeds rather than Maghrebin ones. A Bayesian FST scan analysis revealed a set of genes with potentially key adaptive roles in lipid metabolism (BMP2, PDGFD VEGFA, TBX15, and WARS2), coat pigmentation (SOX10, PICK1, PDGFRA, MC1R, and MTIF) and horn morphology RXFP2) in Tunisian sheep. The local ancestry method detected a Merino signature in Tunisian Noire de Thibar sheep near the SULF1gene introgressed by Merino's European breeds. This study will contribute to the general picture of worldwide sheep genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Baazaoui
- Laboratory of Animal and Fodder Production, National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunisia, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Bedhiaf-Romdhani
- Laboratory of Animal and Fodder Production, National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunisia, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Salvatore Mastrangelo
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Johannes A Lenstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Da Silva
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Limoges, E2LIM, Limoges, France
| | - Badr Benjelloun
- National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc), Regional Centre of Agronomic Research, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Elena Ciani
- Dipartamento Bioscienze, Biotecnologie, Biofarmaceutica, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Dumbell R, Cox RD. The genetics of adipose tissue metabolism. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231478. [PMID: 38328570 PMCID: PMC10846938 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Dumbell
- Dept of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Roger D. Cox
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus Oxfordshire, Harwell OX11 0RD, UK
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18
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Trichia E, Malden DE, Jin D, Wright N, Taylor H, Karpe F, Sherliker P, Murgia F, Hopewell JC, Lacey B, Emberson J, Bennett D, Lewington S. Independent relevance of adiposity measures to coronary heart disease risk among 0.5 million adults in UK Biobank. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1836-1844. [PMID: 37935988 PMCID: PMC10749766 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on body fat distribution shows opposing effects of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) for coronary heart disease (CHD). We aimed to investigate the causality and the shape of such associations. METHODS UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million adults aged 40-69 years recruited between 2006 and 2010. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations of measured and genetically predicted body mass index (BMI), WC, HC and waist-to-hip ratio with incident CHD were obtained from Cox models. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to assess causality. The analysis included 456 495 participants (26 225 first-ever CHD events) without prior CHD. RESULTS All measures of adiposity demonstrated strong, positive and approximately log-linear associations with CHD risk over a median follow-up of 12.7 years. For HC, however, the association became inverse given the BMI and WC (HR per usual SD 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.97). Associations for BMI and WC remained independently positive after adjustment for other adiposity measures and were similar (1.14, 1.13-1.16 and 1.18, 1.15-1.20, respectively), with WC displaying stronger associations among women. Blood pressure, plasma lipids and dysglycaemia accounted for much of the observed excess risk. MR results were generally consistent with the observational, implying causality. CONCLUSIONS Body fat distribution measures displayed similar associations with CHD risk as BMI except for HC, which was inversely associated with CHD risk (given WC and BMI). These findings suggest that different measures of body fat distribution likely influence CHD risk through both overlapping and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Trichia
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Debbie E Malden
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danyao Jin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Wright
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah Taylor
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals (OUH) Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals (OUH) Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- The Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Sherliker
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Federico Murgia
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jemma C Hopewell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ben Lacey
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Emberson
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick Bennett
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals (OUH) Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Lewington
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Health Data Research UK Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Yu H, Armstrong N, Pavela G, Kaiser K. Sex and Race Differences in Obesity-Related Genetic Susceptibility and Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease in Older US Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2347171. [PMID: 38064210 PMCID: PMC10709778 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.47171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is associated with obesity phenotypes, but the association is inconsistent across populations. Within-population differences may explain some of the variability observed. Objective To investigate sex differences in the association between FTO single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and obesity traits among self-identified non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White US adults, to examine whether the SNVs were associated with cardiometabolic diseases, and to evaluate whether obesity mediated the association between FTO SNVs and cardiometabolic diseases. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a US population-based cohort study with available genetic data (assayed in 2018) and phenotypic data at baseline (enrolled 2003-2007). Participants were aged 45 to 98 years at baseline. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to October 2022. Exposures Eleven SNVs in the FTO gene present among both Black and White participants. Main Outcomes and Measures Objectively measured obesity indicators (body mass index and waist-to-height ratio), objectively measured and/or self-reported cardiometabolic diseases (hypertension, stroke history, heart disease, and diabetes), and self-reported social-economic and psychosocial status. Results A total of 10 447 participants (mean [SD] age, 64.4 [9.7] years; 5276 [55.8%] women; 8743 [83.7%] Black and 1704 [16.3%] White) were included. In the White group, 11 FTO SNVs were significantly associated with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes using linear models (eg, body mass index: β = 0.536; 95% CI, 0.197-0.875), but none of the FTO SNVs were associated with obesity traits in the Black group. White males had a higher risk of obesity while White females had a higher risk of hypertension and diabetes. However, 1 FTO SNV (rs1121980) was associated with a direct increase in the risk of heart disease in Black participants not mediated by obesity (c' = 0.145 [SE, 0.0517]; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of obesity phenotypes and their association with cardiometabolic diseases, the tested FTO SNVs reflected sex differences in White participants. Different patterns of associations were observed among self-identified Black participants. Therefore, these results could inform future work discovering risk alleles or risk scores unique to Black individuals or further investigating genetic risk in all US residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Yu
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Nicole Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Greg Pavela
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Kathryn Kaiser
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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20
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Bai C, Shen Z, Qiu B, Zhang S. Leukocyte telomere length is associated with increased risk of endometriosis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1272200. [PMID: 38034012 PMCID: PMC10687575 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1272200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis (EMs) is a common gynecological disorder. Observational studies on the relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and EMs have shown conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the precise causal relationship between LTL and EMs using Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology. Methods We employed MR to assess the causal relationship between LTL and EMs. Summary data from several large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used for bidirectional two-sample MR analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of our results. All analyses were also replicated in another completely independent EMs dataset. Results Our MR analysis indicated that genetically predicted longer LTL increased the risk of EMs (IVW: discovery, OR=1.169, 95%CI: 1.059-1.290, p=0.002; validation, OR=1.302, 95%CI: 1.140-1.487, p=0.000), while EMs had no causal impact on LTL (IVW: discovery, OR=1.013, 95%CI: 1.000-1.027, p=0.056; IVW: validation, OR=1.005, 95%CI: 0.995-1.015, p=0.363). Causal estimates were supported by various calculation models (including MR-Egger, Weighted median, MR-PRESSO, and MR-RAPS). Heterogeneity and pleiotropy analyses also indicated robustness of the results. Conclusion Our findings substantiate the idea that a genetically predicted longer LTL elevates the risk of EMs, with no influence of EMs on LTL risk. This research bolsters the causal link between LTL and EMs, overcoming the constraints of earlier observational studies. It implies that LTL may potentially function as a biomarker for EMs, opening up novel possibilities for EMs prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxue Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zixiong Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Binxu Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Agarwal T, Lyngdoh T, Khadgawat R, Prabhakaran D, Chandak GR, Walia GK. Genetic architecture of adiposity measures among Asians: Findings from GWAS. Ann Hum Genet 2023; 87:255-273. [PMID: 37671428 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Adiposity has gradually become a global public threat over the years with drastic increase in the attributable deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Given an increased metabolic risk among Asians as compared to Europeans for any given body mass index (BMI) and considering the differences in genetic architecture between them, the present review aims to summarize the findings from genome-wide scans for various adiposity indices and related anthropometric measures from Asian populations. The search for related studies, published till February 2022, were made on PubMed and GWAS Catalog using search strategy built with relevant keywords joined by Boolean operators. It was recorded that out of a total of 47 identified studies, maximum studies are from Korean population (n = 14), followed by Chinese (n = 7), and Japanese (n = 6). Nearly 200 loci have been identified for BMI, 660 for height, 16 for weight, 28 for circumferences (waist and hip), 32 for ratios (waist hip ratio [WHR] and thoracic hip ratio [THR]), 5 for body fat, 16 for obesity, and 28 for adiposity-related blood markers among Asians. It was observed that though, most of the loci were unique for each trait, there were 3 loci in common to BMI and WHR. Apart from validation of variants identified in European setting, there were many novel loci discovered in Asian populations. Notably, 125 novel loci form Asian studies have been reported for BMI, 47 for height, 5 for waist circumference, and 2 for adiponectin level to the existing knowledge of the genetic framework of adiposity and related measures. It is necessary to examine more advanced adiposity measures, specifically of relevance to abdominal adiposity, a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders among Asians. Moreover, in spite of being one continent, there is diversity among different ethnicities across Asia in terms of lifestyle, climate, geography, genetic structure and consequently the phenotypic manifestations. Hence, it is also important to consider ethnic specific studies for identifying and validating reliable genetic variants of adiposity measures among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Agarwal
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Giriraj Ratan Chandak
- Genomic Research in Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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22
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Abstract
Obesity is a common complex trait that elevates the risk for various diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A combination of environmental and genetic factors influences the pathogenesis of obesity. Advances in genomic technologies have driven the identification of multiple genetic loci associated with this disease, ranging from studying severe onset cases to investigating common multifactorial polygenic forms. Additionally, findings from epigenetic analyses of modifications to the genome that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence have emerged as key signatures in the development of obesity. Such modifications can mediate the effects of environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle, on gene expression and clinical presentation. This review outlines what is known about the genetic and epigenetic contributors to obesity susceptibility, along with the albeit limited therapeutic options currently available. Furthermore, we delineate the potential mechanisms of actions through which epigenetic changes can mediate environmental influences and the related opportunities they present for future interventions in the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Trang
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Struan F.A. Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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23
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Jiang Y, Zhang Z. OVOL2: an epithelial lineage determiner with emerging roles in energy homeostasis. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:824-833. [PMID: 37336658 PMCID: PMC10524639 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Ovo like zinc finger 2 (OVOL2) is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of epithelial lineage determination and differentiation during embryogenesis. OVOL2 binds to DNA using zinc-finger domains to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is critical for tumor metastasis. However, recent studies have suggested some noncanonical roles of OVOL2 that do not rely on the DNA binding of zinc-finger domains or regulation of EMT. OVOL2 and EMT regulators have emerging roles in adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and lipid metabolism. Here, we review different roles of OVOL2 from embryo development to adult tissue homeostasis, and discuss how OVOL2 and other EMT regulators orchestrate a regulatory network to control energy homeostasis. Last, we propose potential applications of targeting OVOL2 to reduce human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiao Jiang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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24
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Bass AJ, Bian S, Wingo AP, Wingo TS, Cutler DJ, Epstein MP. Identifying latent genetic interactions in genome-wide association studies using multiple traits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557155. [PMID: 37745553 PMCID: PMC10515795 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of complex traits frequently find that SNP-based estimates of heritability are considerably smaller than estimates from classic family-based studies. This 'missing' heritability may be partly explained by genetic variants interacting with other genes or environments that are difficult to specify, observe, and detect. To circumvent these challenges, we propose a new method to detect genetic interactions that leverages pleiotropy from multiple related traits without requiring the interacting variable to be specified or observed. Our approach, Latent Interaction Testing (LIT), uses the observation that correlated traits with shared latent genetic interactions have trait variance and covariance patterns that differ by genotype. LIT examines the relationship between trait variance/covariance patterns and genotype using a flexible kernel-based framework that is computationally scalable for biobank-sized datasets with a large number of traits. We first use simulated data to demonstrate that LIT substantially increases power to detect latent genetic interactions compared to a trait-by-trait univariate method. We then apply LIT to four obesity-related traits in the UK Biobank and detect genetic variants with interactive effects near known obesity-related genes. Overall, we show that LIT, implemented in the R package lit, uses shared information across traits to improve detection of latent genetic interactions compared to standard approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bass
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shijia Bian
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Aliza P. Wingo
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Thomas S. Wingo
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David J. Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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25
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Tegelberg P, Tervonen T, Knuuttila M, Saxlin T, Ylöstalo P. Association of obesity and weight gain with alveolar bone loss: Results of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1051-1063. [PMID: 37231564 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether long-term obesity, long-term central obesity and weight gain are associated with alveolar bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sub-population (n = 1318) of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 was categorized based on body mass index (BMI: normal weight, overweight and obesity) and waist circumference (WC: no central obesity, central obesity) at ages 31 and 46. These categories were combined to define whether the participants stayed in the same categories or passed on to a higher category (weight gain). Alveolar bone level (BL) data were collected at age 46. RESULTS The associations of long-term obesity and weight gain with BL ≥ 5 mm were stronger in smokers than in the total population and in never smokers. Males who passed on to higher BMI and WC categories showed a higher likelihood for BL ≥ 5 mm (range in relative risks [RRs] 1.3-2.2) than males who stayed in the same categories (range in RRs 0.7-1.1). The associations with BL ≥ 5 mm were weak or non-existent in females. CONCLUSIONS The relation between obesity and periodontal diseases seems more complex than previously presumed. The role of gender and smoking should be taken into account in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tegelberg
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Tervonen
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Knuuttila
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Saxlin
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - P Ylöstalo
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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26
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The Impact of Genomic Variation on Function (IGVF) Consortium. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2307.13708v1. [PMID: 37547663 PMCID: PMC10402186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Our genomes influence nearly every aspect of human biology from molecular and cellular functions to phenotypes in health and disease. Human genetics studies have now associated hundreds of thousands of differences in our DNA sequence ("genomic variation") with disease risk and other phenotypes, many of which could reveal novel mechanisms of human biology and uncover the basis of genetic predispositions to diseases, thereby guiding the development of new diagnostics and therapeutics. Yet, understanding how genomic variation alters genome function to influence phenotype has proven challenging. To unlock these insights, we need a systematic and comprehensive catalog of genome function and the molecular and cellular effects of genomic variants. Toward this goal, the Impact of Genomic Variation on Function (IGVF) Consortium will combine approaches in single-cell mapping, genomic perturbations, and predictive modeling to investigate the relationships among genomic variation, genome function, and phenotypes. Through systematic comparisons and benchmarking of experimental and computational methods, we aim to create maps across hundreds of cell types and states describing how coding variants alter protein activity, how noncoding variants change the regulation of gene expression, and how both coding and noncoding variants may connect through gene regulatory and protein interaction networks. These experimental data, computational predictions, and accompanying standards and pipelines will be integrated into an open resource that will catalyze community efforts to explore genome function and the impact of genetic variation on human biology and disease across populations.
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27
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Di Gregorio P, Perna A, Di Trana A, Rando A. Identification of ROH Islands Conserved through Generations in Pigs Belonging to the Nero Lucano Breed. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1503. [PMID: 37510406 PMCID: PMC10378754 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The recovery of Nero Lucano (NL) pigs in the Basilicata region (Southern Italy) started in 2001 with the collaboration of several public authorities in order to preserve native breeds that can play a significant economic role both due to their remarkable ability to adapt to difficult environments and the value of typical products from their area of origin. In this study, by using the Illumina Porcine SNP60 BeadChip, we compared the genetic structures of NL pigs reared in a single farm in two different periods separated by a time interval corresponding to at least three generations. The results showed an increase in the percentage of polymorphic loci, a decrease in the inbreeding coefficient calculated according to ROH genome coverage (FROH), a reduction in the number of ROH longer than 16 Mb and an increase in ROH with a length between 2 and 4 Mb, highlighting a picture of improved genetic variability. In addition, ROH island analysis in the two groups allowed us to identify five conserved regions, located on chromosomes 1, 4, 8, 14 and 15, containing genes involved in biological processes affecting immune response, reproduction and production traits. Only the conserved ROH island on chromosome 14 contains markers which, according to the literature, are associated with QTLs affecting thoracic vertebra number, teat number, gestation length, age at puberty and mean platelet volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Gregorio
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Annamaria Perna
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Adriana Di Trana
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Rando
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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28
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Rask-Andersen M, Ivansson E, Höglund J, Ek WE, Karlsson T, Johansson Å. Adiposity and sex-specific cancer risk. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1186-1197.e4. [PMID: 37311415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with several types of cancer and fat distribution, which differs dramatically between sexes, has been suggested to be an independent risk factor. However, sex-specific effects on cancer risk have rarely been studied. Here we estimate the effects of fat accumulation and distribution on cancer risk in females and males. We performed a prospective study in 442,519 UK Biobank participants, for 19 cancer types and additional histological subtypes, with a mean follow-up time of 13.4 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the effect of 14 different adiposity phenotypes on cancer rates, and a 5% false discovery rate was considered statistically significant. Adiposity-related traits are associated with all but three cancer types, and fat accumulation is associated with a larger number of cancers compared to fat distribution. In addition, fat accumulation or distribution exhibit differential effects between sexes on colorectal, esophageal, and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Rask-Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 256, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Emma Ivansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 256, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julia Höglund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 256, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Weronica E Ek
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 256, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torgny Karlsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 256, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 256, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden.
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29
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Yang L, Huang H, Liu Z, Ruan J, Xu C. Association of the android to gynoid fat ratio with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1162079. [PMID: 37255941 PMCID: PMC10226647 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1162079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a severe global public health problem, and can developed into fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but its risk factors have not been fully identified. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the android-to-gynoid fat ratio (A/G ratio) and the prevalence of NAFLD. Methods This cross-sectional study is based on the 2003-2006 and 2011-2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included 10,989 participants. Participants aged 20 and older without viral hepatitis or significant alcohol consumption were included. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. NAFLD was diagnosed using the United States fatty liver index (US FLI). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the A/G ratio and NAFLD. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was 32.15% among the study population. Android percent fat and the A/G ratio were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD [41.68% (0.25) vs. 32.80% (0.27), p < 0.001; 1.14 ± 0.01 vs. 0.94 ± 0.00, p < 0.001, respectively]. Logistic regression analysis showed that android percent fat was positively correlated to NAFLD (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.11-1.18), while gynoid percent fat was negatively correlated to NAFLD (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.90-0.94), and the A/G ratio was significantly associated with the prevalence of NAFLD (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.38-1.82) and fibrotic NASH (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.71-2.38). We also found that females had a notably diminished A/G ratio compared with males (0.91 vs. 1.12, p < 0.001). In addition, the female population proportion was negatively correlated with the A/G ratio, which may partly explain the lower prevalence of NAFLD in females. What is more, the OR value of the A/G ratio in the female subgroup was much higher than that in the male subgroup in all adjusted models. Conclusion A/G ratio is significantly associated with NAFLD and fibrotic NASH. Women have a lower A/G ratio than men, which may explain the sex difference in NAFLD prevalence. Furthermore, with a higher A/G ratio, the association between females and NAFLD are greatly elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangkai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Li Q, Chen J, Faux P, Delgado ME, Bonfante B, Fuentes-Guajardo M, Mendoza-Revilla J, Chacón-Duque JC, Hurtado M, Villegas V, Granja V, Jaramillo C, Arias W, Barquera R, Everardo-Martínez P, Sánchez-Quinto M, Gómez-Valdés J, Villamil-Ramírez H, Silva de Cerqueira CC, Hünemeier T, Ramallo V, Wu S, Du S, Giardina A, Paria SS, Khokan MR, Gonzalez-José R, Schüler-Faccini L, Bortolini MC, Acuña-Alonzo V, Canizales-Quinteros S, Gallo C, Poletti G, Rojas W, Rothhammer F, Navarro N, Wang S, Adhikari K, Ruiz-Linares A. Automatic landmarking identifies new loci associated with face morphology and implicates Neanderthal introgression in human nasal shape. Commun Biol 2023; 6:481. [PMID: 37156940 PMCID: PMC10167347 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a genome-wide association study of facial features in >6000 Latin Americans based on automatic landmarking of 2D portraits and testing for association with inter-landmark distances. We detected significant associations (P-value <5 × 10-8) at 42 genome regions, nine of which have been previously reported. In follow-up analyses, 26 of the 33 novel regions replicate in East Asians, Europeans, or Africans, and one mouse homologous region influences craniofacial morphology in mice. The novel region in 1q32.3 shows introgression from Neanderthals and we find that the introgressed tract increases nasal height (consistent with the differentiation between Neanderthals and modern humans). Novel regions include candidate genes and genome regulatory elements previously implicated in craniofacial development, and show preferential transcription in cranial neural crest cells. The automated approach used here should simplify the collection of large study samples from across the world, facilitating a cosmopolitan characterization of the genetics of facial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Pierre Faux
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Miguel Eduardo Delgado
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
- División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, República Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - Betty Bonfante
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, 1000000, Chile
| | - Javier Mendoza-Revilla
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - J Camilo Chacón-Duque
- Division of Vertebrates and Anthropology, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Malena Hurtado
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Valeria Villegas
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Vanessa Granja
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Claudia Jaramillo
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 5001000, Colombia
| | - William Arias
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 5001000, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico, 6600, Mexico
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Paola Everardo-Martínez
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico, 6600, Mexico
| | - Mirsha Sánchez-Quinto
- Forensic Science, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), Mexico City, 06320, Mexico
| | - Jorge Gómez-Valdés
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico, 6600, Mexico
| | - Hugo Villamil-Ramírez
- Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, 4510, Mexico
| | | | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Virginia Ramallo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90040-060, Brazil
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, U9129ACD, Argentina
| | - Sijie Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Siyuan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Andrea Giardina
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Soumya Subhra Paria
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Mahfuzur Rahman Khokan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Rolando Gonzalez-José
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, U9129ACD, Argentina
| | - Lavinia Schüler-Faccini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Maria-Cátira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Victor Acuña-Alonzo
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico, 6600, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, 4510, Mexico
| | - Carla Gallo
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Giovanni Poletti
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Winston Rojas
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 5001000, Colombia
| | - Francisco Rothhammer
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Arica, 1000000, Chile
| | - Nicolas Navarro
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, 21000, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Sijia Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Kaustubh Adhikari
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, 13005, France.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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31
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Glunk V, Laber S, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Sobreira DR, Strobel SM, Batista TM, Kubitz P, Moud BN, Ebert H, Huang Y, Brandl B, Garbo G, Honecker J, Stirling DR, Abdennur N, Calabuig-Navarro V, Skurk T, Ocvirk S, Stemmer K, Cimini BA, Carpenter AE, Dankel SN, Lindgren CM, Hauner H, Nobrega MA, Claussnitzer M. A non-coding variant linked to metabolic obesity with normal weight affects actin remodelling in subcutaneous adipocytes. Nat Metab 2023; 5:861-879. [PMID: 37253881 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent large-scale genomic association studies found evidence for a genetic link between increased risk of type 2 diabetes and decreased risk for adiposity-related traits, reminiscent of metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) association signatures. However, the target genes and cellular mechanisms driving such MONW associations remain to be identified. Here, we systematically identify the cellular programmes of one of the top-scoring MONW risk loci, the 2q24.3 risk locus, in subcutaneous adipocytes. We identify a causal genetic variant, rs6712203, an intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism in the COBLL1 gene, which changes the conserved transcription factor motif of POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 2, and leads to differential COBLL1 gene expression by altering the enhancer activity at the locus in subcutaneous adipocytes. We then establish the cellular programme under the genetic control of the 2q24.3 MONW risk locus and the effector gene COBLL1, which is characterized by impaired actin cytoskeleton remodelling in differentiating subcutaneous adipocytes and subsequent failure of these cells to accumulate lipids and develop into metabolically active and insulin-sensitive adipocytes. Finally, we show that perturbations of the effector gene Cobll1 in a mouse model result in organismal phenotypes matching the MONW association signature, including decreased subcutaneous body fat mass and body weight along with impaired glucose tolerance. Taken together, our results provide a mechanistic link between the genetic risk for insulin resistance and low adiposity, providing a potential therapeutic hypothesis and a framework for future identification of causal relationships between genome associations and cellular programmes in other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Glunk
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Samantha Laber
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Medical and Population Genetics Program & Type 2 Diabetes Systems Genomics Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Medical and Population Genetics Program & Type 2 Diabetes Systems Genomics Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Herbold Computational Biology Program, Publich Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Debora R Sobreira
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophie M Strobel
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Medical and Population Genetics Program & Type 2 Diabetes Systems Genomics Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thiago M Batista
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Medical and Population Genetics Program & Type 2 Diabetes Systems Genomics Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Phil Kubitz
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Medical and Population Genetics Program & Type 2 Diabetes Systems Genomics Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bahareh Nemati Moud
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hannah Ebert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yi Huang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Medical and Population Genetics Program & Type 2 Diabetes Systems Genomics Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beate Brandl
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Garrett Garbo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Medical and Population Genetics Program & Type 2 Diabetes Systems Genomics Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julius Honecker
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - David R Stirling
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nezar Abdennur
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Virtu Calabuig-Navarro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Medical and Population Genetics Program & Type 2 Diabetes Systems Genomics Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Soeren Ocvirk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Intestinal Microbiology Research Group, Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stemmer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beth A Cimini
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne E Carpenter
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Medical and Population Genetics Program & Type 2 Diabetes Systems Genomics Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marcelo A Nobrega
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Medical and Population Genetics Program & Type 2 Diabetes Systems Genomics Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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32
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Ivanova T, Churnosova M, Abramova M, Plotnikov D, Ponomarenko I, Reshetnikov E, Aristova I, Sorokina I, Churnosov M. Sex-Specific Features of the Correlation between GWAS-Noticeable Polymorphisms and Hypertension in Europeans of Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097799. [PMID: 37175507 PMCID: PMC10178435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was directed at studying the sex-specific features of the correlation between genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-noticeable polymorphisms and hypertension (HTN). In two groups of European subjects of Russia (n = 1405 in total), such as men (n = 821 in total: n = 564 HTN, n = 257 control) and women (n = 584 in total: n = 375 HTN, n = 209 control), the distribution of ten specially selected polymorphisms (they have confirmed associations of GWAS level with blood pressure (BP) parameters and/or HTN in Europeans) has been considered. The list of studied loci was as follows: (PLCE1) rs932764 A > G, (AC026703.1) rs1173771 G > A, (CERS5) rs7302981 G > A, (HFE) rs1799945 C > G, (OBFC1) rs4387287 C > A, (BAG6) rs805303 G > A, (RGL3) rs167479 T > G, (ARHGAP42) rs633185 C > G, (TBX2) rs8068318 T > C, and (ATP2B1) rs2681472 A > G. The contribution of individual loci and their inter-locus interactions to the HTN susceptibility with bioinformatic interpretation of associative links was evaluated separately in men's and women's cohorts. The men-women differences in involvement in the disease of the BP/HTN-associated GWAS SNPs were detected. Among women, the HTN risk has been associated with HFE rs1799945 C > G (genotype GG was risky; ORGG = 11.15 ppermGG = 0.014) and inter-locus interactions of all 10 examined SNPs as part of 26 intergenic interactions models. In men, the polymorphism BAG6 rs805303 G > A (genotype AA was protective; ORAA = 0.30 ppermAA = 0.0008) and inter-SNPs interactions of eight loci in only seven models have been founded as HTN-correlated. HTN-linked loci and strongly linked SNPs were characterized by pronounced polyvector functionality in both men and women, but at the same time, signaling pathways of HTN-linked genes/SNPs in women and men were similar and were represented mainly by immune mechanisms. As a result, the present study has demonstrated a more pronounced contribution of BP/HTN-associated GWAS SNPs to the HTN susceptibility (due to weightier intergenic interactions) in European women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Ivanova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Churnosova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Abramova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Denis Plotnikov
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina Ponomarenko
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Evgeny Reshetnikov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Inna Aristova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Inna Sorokina
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
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33
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Pahl MC, Grant SFA, Leibel RL, Stratigopoulos G. Technologies, strategies, and cautions when deconvoluting genome-wide association signals: FTO in focus. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13558. [PMID: 36882962 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed a plethora of genetic variants that correlate with polygenic conditions. However, causal molecular mechanisms have proven challenging to fully define. Without such information, the associations are not physiologically useful or clinically actionable. By reviewing studies of the FTO locus in the genetic etiology of obesity, we wish to highlight advances in the field fueled by the evolution of technical and analytic strategies in assessing the molecular bases for genetic associations. Particular attention is drawn to extrapolating experimental findings from animal models and cell types to humans, as well as technical aspects used to identify long-range DNA interactions and their biological relevance with regard to the associated trait. A unifying model is proposed by which independent obesogenic pathways regulated by multiple FTO variants and genes are integrated at the primary cilium, a cellular antenna where signaling molecules that control energy balance convene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - George Stratigopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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34
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Woldemariam S, Dorner TE, Wiesinger T, Stein KV. Multi-omics approaches for precision obesity management : Potentials and limitations of omics in precision prevention, treatment and risk reduction of obesity. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:113-124. [PMID: 36717394 PMCID: PMC10020295 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease that cannot be addressed by simply promoting better diets and more physical activity. To date, not a single country has successfully been able to curb the accumulating burden of obesity. One explanation for the lack of progress is that lifestyle intervention programs are traditionally implemented without a comprehensive evaluation of an individual's diagnostic biomarkers. Evidence from genome-wide association studies highlight the importance of genetic and epigenetic factors in the development of obesity and how they in turn affect the transcriptome, metabolites, microbiomes, and proteomes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the different types of omics data: genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and illustrate how a multi-omics approach can be fundamental for the implementation of precision obesity management. RESULTS The different types of omics designs are grouped into two categories, the genotype approach and the phenotype approach. When applied to obesity prevention and management, each omics type could potentially help to detect specific biomarkers in people with risk profiles and guide healthcare professionals and decision makers in developing individualized treatment plans according to the needs of the individual before the onset of obesity. CONCLUSION Integrating multi-omics approaches will enable a paradigm shift from the one size fits all approach towards precision obesity management, i.e. (1) precision prevention of the onset of obesity, (2) precision medicine and tailored treatment of obesity, and (3) precision risk reduction and prevention of secondary diseases related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selam Woldemariam
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3062, Kirchstetten, Austria
| | - Thomas E Dorner
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3062, Kirchstetten, Austria
- Academy for Ageing Research, House of Mercy, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wiesinger
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3062, Kirchstetten, Austria
| | - Katharina Viktoria Stein
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3062, Kirchstetten, Austria.
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2511 DP, The Hague, The Netherlands.
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Klimentidis YC, Chen Z, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Grigoriadis D, Sackey E, Pittman A, Ostergaard P, Herbst KL. Genome-wide association study of a lipedema phenotype among women in the UK Biobank identifies multiple genetic risk factors. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:338-344. [PMID: 36385154 PMCID: PMC9995497 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is a common disorder characterized by excessive deposition of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in the legs, hips, and buttocks, mainly occurring in adult women. Although it appears to be heritable, no specific genes have yet been identified. To identify potential genetic risk factors for lipedema, we used bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometric data from the UK Biobank to identify women with and without a lipedema phenotype. Specifically, we identified women with both a high percentage of fat in the lower limbs and a relatively small waist, adjusting for hip circumference. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for this phenotype, and performed multiple sensitivity GWAS. In an independent case/control study of lipedema based on strict clinical criteria, we attempted to replicate our top hits. We identified 18 significant loci (p < 5 × 10-9), several of which have previously been identified in GWAS of waist-to-hip ratio with larger effects in women. Two loci (VEGFA and GRB14-COBLL1) were significantly associated with lipedema in the independent replication study. Follow-up analyses suggest an enrichment of genes expressed in blood vessels and adipose tissue, among other tissues. Our findings provide a starting point towards better understanding the genetic and physiological basis of lipedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Arizona, AZ, USA.
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Dionysios Grigoriadis
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Ege Sackey
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Alan Pittman
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Pia Ostergaard
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Karen L Herbst
- TREAT Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Total Lipedema Care, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
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36
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Figaroa MNS, Gielen M, Casas L, Loos RJF, Derom C, Weyers S, Nawrot TS, Zeegers MP, Bijnens EM. Early-life residential green spaces and traffic exposure in association with young adult body composition: a longitudinal birth cohort study of twins. Environ Health 2023; 22:18. [PMID: 36800959 PMCID: PMC9936720 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the rapid increase of obesity is reaching alarming proportions. A new approach to reduce obesity and its comorbidities involves tackling the built environment. Environmental influences seem to play an important role, but the environmental influences in early life on adult body composition have not been thoroughly investigated. This study seeks to fill the research gap by examining early-life exposure to residential green spaces and traffic exposure in association with body composition among a population of young adult twins. METHODS As part of the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey (EFPTS) cohort, this study included 332 twins. Residential addresses of the mothers at time of birth of the twins were geocoded to determine residential green spaces and traffic exposure. To capture body composition, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference, skinfold thickness, leptin levels, and fat percentage were measured at adult age. Linear mixed modelling analyses were conducted to investigate early-life environmental exposures in association with body composition, while accounting for potential confounders. In addition, moderator effects of zygosity/chorionicity, sex and socio-economic status were tested. RESULTS Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in distance to highway was found associated with an increase of 1.2% in WHR (95%CI 0.2-2.2%). For landcover of green spaces, each IQR increase was associated with 0.8% increase in WHR (95%CI 0.4-1.3%), 1.4% increase in waist circumference (95%CI 0.5-2.2%), and 2.3% increase in body fat (95%CI 0.2-4.4%). Stratified analyses by zygosity/chorionicity type indicated that in monozygotic monochorionic twins, each IQR increase in land cover of green spaces was associated with 1.3% increase in WHR (95%CI 0.5-2.1%). In monozygotic dichorionic twins, each IQR increase in land cover of green spaces was associated with 1.4% increase in waist-circumference (95%CI 0.6-2.2%). CONCLUSIONS The built environment in which mothers reside during pregnancy might play a role on body composition among young adult twins. Our study revealed that based on zygosity/chorionicity type differential effects of prenatal exposure to green spaces on body composition at adult age might exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N S Figaroa
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Gielen
- Department of Epidemiology, NUTRIM School for Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - L Casas
- Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development (IMDO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Derom
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Weyers
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - M P Zeegers
- Department of Epidemiology, NUTRIM School for Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E M Bijnens
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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37
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Kwak J, Shin D. Gene-Nutrient Interactions in Obesity: COBLL1 Genetic Variants Interact with Dietary Fat Intake to Modulate the Incidence of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043758. [PMID: 36835164 PMCID: PMC9959357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The COBLL1 gene is associated with leptin, a hormone important for appetite and weight maintenance. Dietary fat is a significant factor in obesity. This study aimed to determine the association between COBLL1 gene, dietary fat, and incidence of obesity. Data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were used, and 3055 Korean adults aged ≥ 40 years were included. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. Patients with obesity at baseline were excluded. The effects of the COBLL1 rs6717858 genotypes and dietary fat on incidence of obesity were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. During an average follow-up period of 9.2 years, 627 obesity cases were documented. In men, the hazard ratio (HR) for obesity was higher in CT, CC carriers (minor allele carriers) in the highest tertile of dietary fat intake than for men with TT carriers in the lowest tertile of dietary fat intake (Model 1: HR: 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.58; Model 2: HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.04-2.56). In women, the HR for obesity was higher in TT carriers in the highest tertile of dietary fat intake than for women with TT carriers in the lowest tertile of dietary fat intake (Model 1: HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.08-2.06; Model 2: HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.10-2.13). COBLL1 genetic variants and dietary fat intake had different sex-dependent effects in obesity. These results imply that a low-fat diet may protect against the effects of COBLL1 genetic variants on future obesity risk.
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38
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Yang Y, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Wang X, Wang H, Si Z, Meng R, Wu J. A case control study on the relationship between occupational stress and genetic polymorphism and dyslipidemia in coal miners. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2321. [PMID: 36759651 PMCID: PMC9911731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is one of the known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. At present, the study of dyslipidemia has gradually shifted from simple environmental or genetic factors to environment-gene interactions. In order to further explore the etiology and mechanism of dyslipidemia, we used occupational stress(OS) and LYPLAL1, APOC3 and SOD2 gene as research variables to explore their association with dyslipidemia.Here we used a case-control study to include Han workers from a coal mining enterprise in China to determine the association between study variables and dyslipidemia. Monofactor analysis showed that smoking, drinking, physical activity level, DASH diet score, sleep quality, BMI, hypertension, hyperuricemia, shift work, OS were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). In the APOC3 rs2854116 dominant model, patients with CT/CC genotype had a higher risk of dyslipidemia than those with TT genotype. In SOD2 rs4880 recessive model, patients with GG genotype had a lower risk of dyslipidemia than those with AA/AG genotype, and the difference was statistically significant. We found that rs12137855 and OS, rs2854116 and OS, rs4880 and OS had joint effects, but no interaction based on the multiplication and addition model was found (Pinteraction > 0.05). GMDR model showed that the rs12137855-rs2854116-rs4880-OS four-factor model had the highest cross-validation consistency and training-validation accuracy (P < 0.05), suggesting that there was a high-order interaction between them associated with dyslipidemia. We found that dyslipidemia in coal miners was related to OS and genetic factors. Through this study, we revealed the dual regulation of environmental factors and genetic factors on dyslipidemia. At the same time, this study provides clues for understanding the etiology and mechanism of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Yang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zheng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyu Chen
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelin Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikang Si
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Meng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, People's Republic of China. .,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Saponara E, Penno C, Orsini V, Wang ZY, Fischer A, Aebi A, Matadamas-Guzman ML, Brun V, Fischer B, Brousseau M, O'Donnell P, Turner J, Graff Meyer A, Bollepalli L, d'Ario G, Roma G, Carbone W, Annunziato S, Obrecht M, Beckmann N, Saravanan C, Osmont A, Tropberger P, Richards SM, Genoud C, Ley S, Ksiazek I, Nigsch F, Terracciano LM, Schadt HS, Bouwmeester T, Tchorz JS, Ruffner H. Loss of Hepatic Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing G-Protein Coupled Receptors 4 and 5 Promotes Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:161-181. [PMID: 36410420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The roof plate-specific spondin-leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 4/5 (LGR4/5)-zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3)/ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) module is a master regulator of hepatic Wnt/β-catenin signaling and metabolic zonation. However, its impact on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. The current study investigated whether hepatic epithelial cell-specific loss of the Wnt/β-catenin modulator Lgr4/5 promoted NAFLD. The 3- and 6-month-old mice with hepatic epithelial cell-specific deletion of both receptors Lgr4/5 (Lgr4/5dLKO) were compared with control mice fed with normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD). Six-month-old HFD-fed Lgr4/5dLKO mice developed hepatic steatosis and fibrosis but the control mice did not. Serum cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels in 3- and 6-month-old HFD-fed Lgr4/5dLKO mice were decreased compared with those in control mice. An ex vivo primary hepatocyte culture assay and a comprehensive bile acid (BA) characterization in liver, plasma, bile, and feces demonstrated that ND-fed Lgr4/5dLKO mice had impaired BA secretion, predisposing them to develop cholestatic characteristics. Lipidome and RNA-sequencing analyses demonstrated severe alterations in several lipid species and pathways controlling lipid metabolism in the livers of Lgr4/5dLKO mice. In conclusion, loss of hepatic Wnt/β-catenin activity by Lgr4/5 deletion led to loss of BA secretion, cholestatic features, altered lipid homeostasis, and deregulation of lipoprotein pathways. Both BA and intrinsic lipid alterations contributed to the onset of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Saponara
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Penno
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Orsini
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhong-Yi Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Fischer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Aebi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meztli L Matadamas-Guzman
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Virginie Brun
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Fischer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Margaret Brousseau
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Peter O'Donnell
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Turner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Graff Meyer
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for BioMedical Research, Facility for Advanced Imaging and Microscopy, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Bollepalli
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni d'Ario
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter Carbone
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Annunziato
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Obrecht
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chandra Saravanan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Arnaud Osmont
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Tropberger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shola M Richards
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christel Genoud
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Ley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iwona Ksiazek
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Nigsch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Humanitas Research Hospital, Anatomia Patologica, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Heiko S Schadt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tewis Bouwmeester
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan S Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Ruffner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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40
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Young KL, Fisher V, Deng X, Brody JA, Graff M, Lim E, Lin BM, Xu H, Amin N, An P, Aslibekyan S, Fohner AE, Hidalgo B, Lenzini P, Kraaij R, Medina-Gomez C, Prokić I, Rivadeneira F, Sitlani C, Tao R, van Rooij J, Zhang D, Broome JG, Buth EJ, Heavner BD, Jain D, Smith AV, Barnes K, Boorgula MP, Chavan S, Darbar D, De Andrade M, Guo X, Haessler J, Irvin MR, Kalyani RR, Kardia SLR, Kooperberg C, Kim W, Mathias RA, McDonald ML, Mitchell BD, Peyser PA, Regan EA, Redline S, Reiner AP, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Smith JA, Weiss S, Wiggins KL, Yanek LR, Arnett D, Heard-Costa NL, Leal S, Lin D, McKnight B, Province M, van Duijn CM, North KE, Cupples LA, Liu CT. Whole-exome sequence analysis of anthropometric traits illustrates challenges in identifying effects of rare genetic variants. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100163. [PMID: 36568030 PMCID: PMC9772568 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropometric traits, measuring body size and shape, are highly heritable and significant clinical risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders. These traits have been extensively studied in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), with hundreds of genome-wide significant loci identified. We performed a whole-exome sequence analysis of the genetics of height, body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (WHR). We meta-analyzed single-variant and gene-based associations of whole-exome sequence variation with height, BMI, and WHR in up to 22,004 individuals, and we assessed replication of our findings in up to 16,418 individuals from 10 independent cohorts from Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed). We identified four trait associations with single-nucleotide variants (SNVs; two for height and two for BMI) and replicated the LECT2 gene association with height. Our expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis within previously reported GWAS loci implicated CEP63 and RFT1 as potential functional genes for known height loci. We further assessed enrichment of SNVs, which were monogenic or syndromic variants within loci associated with our three traits. This led to the significant enrichment results for height, whereas we observed no Bonferroni-corrected significance for all SNVs. With a sample size of ∼20,000 whole-exome sequences in our discovery dataset, our findings demonstrate the importance of genomic sequencing in genetic association studies, yet they also illustrate the challenges in identifying effects of rare genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Virginia Fisher
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Elise Lim
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Bridget M Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Hanfei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Ping An
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alison E Fohner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Petra Lenzini
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Ivana Prokić
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Colleen Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, the Netherlands
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jai G Broome
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Erin J Buth
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Benjamin D Heavner
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Tempus Labs, Chicago, IL 60654, USA
| | - Meher Preethi Boorgula
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sameer Chavan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dawood Darbar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariza De Andrade
- Health Quantitative Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wonji Kim
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Merry-Lynn McDonald
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerri L Wiggins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donna Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Suzanne Leal
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Danyu Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Michael Province
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Summers KM, Bush SJ, Davis MR, Hume DA, Keshvari S, West JA. Fibrillin-1 and asprosin, novel players in metabolic syndrome. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:106979. [PMID: 36630758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.106979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 is a major component of the extracellular microfibrils, where it interacts with other extracellular matrix proteins to provide elasticity to connective tissues, and regulates the bioavailability of TGFβ family members. A peptide consisting of the C-terminal 140 amino acids of fibrillin-1 has recently been identified as a glucogenic hormone, secreted from adipose tissue during fasting and targeting the liver to release glucose. This fragment, called asprosin, also signals in the hypothalamus to stimulate appetite. Asprosin levels are correlated with many of the pathologies indicative of metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance and obesity. Previous studies and reviews have addressed the therapeutic potential of asprosin as a target in obesity, diabetes and related conditions without considering mechanisms underlying the relationship between generation of asprosin and expression of the much larger fibrillin-1 protein. Profibrillin-1 undergoes obligatory cleavage at the cell surface as part of its assembly into microfibrils, producing the asprosin peptide as well as mature fibrillin-1. Patterns of FBN1 mRNA expression are inconsistent with the necessity for regulated release of asprosin. The asprosin peptide may be protected from degradation in adipose tissue. We present evidence for an alternative possibility, that asprosin mRNA is generated independently from an internal promoter within the 3' end of the FBN1 gene, which would allow for regulation independent of fibrillin-synthesis and is more economical of cellular resources. The discovery of asprosin opened exciting possibilities for treatment of metabolic syndrome related conditions, but there is much to be understood before such therapies could be introduced into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Bush
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.
| | - Margaret R Davis
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A West
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Mayne Medical Building, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
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Bland VL, Bea JW, Going SB, Yaghootkar H, Arora A, Ramadan F, Funk JL, Chen Z, Klimentidis YC. Metabolically favorable adiposity and bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:267-278. [PMID: 36502291 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This analysis assessed the putative causal association between genetically predicted percent body fat and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and, more specifically, the association between genetically predicted metabolically "favorable adiposity" (MFA) and aBMD at clinically relevant bone sites. METHODS Mendelian randomization was used to assess the relationship of MFA and percent body fat with whole-body, lumbar spine, femoral neck, and forearm aBMD. Sex-stratified and age-stratified exploratory analyses were conducted. RESULTS In all MR analyses, genetically predicted MFA was inversely associated with aBMD for the whole body (β = -0.053, p = 0.0002), lumbar spine (β = -0.075; p = 0.0001), femoral neck (β = -0.045; p = 0.008), and forearm (β = -0.115; p = 0.001). This negative relationship was strongest in older individuals and did not differ by sex. The relationship between genetically predicted percent body fat and aBMD was nonsignificant across all Mendelian randomization analyses. Several loci that were associated at a genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10-8 ) in opposite directions with body fat and aBMD measures were also identified. CONCLUSIONS This study did not support the hypothesis that MFA protects against low aBMD. Instead, it showed that MFA may result in lower aBMD. Further research is needed to understand how MFA affects aBMD and other components of bone health such as bone turnover, bone architecture, and osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Bland
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jennifer W Bea
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Scott B Going
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Amit Arora
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ferris Ramadan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Janet L Funk
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Fermín‐Martínez CA, Márquez‐Salinas A, Guerra EC, Zavala‐Romero L, Antonio‐Villa NE, Fernández‐Chirino L, Sandoval‐Colin E, Barquera‐Guevara DA, Campos Muñoz A, Vargas‐Vázquez A, Paz‐Cabrera CD, Ramírez‐García D, Gutiérrez‐Robledo L, Bello‐Chavolla OY. AnthropoAge, a novel approach to integrate body composition into the estimation of biological age. Aging Cell 2022; 22:e13756. [PMID: 36547004 PMCID: PMC9835580 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is believed to occur across multiple domains, one of which is body composition; however, attempts to integrate it into biological age (BA) have been limited. Here, we consider the sex-dependent role of anthropometry for the prediction of 10-year all-cause mortality using data from 18,794 NHANES participants to generate and validate a new BA metric. Our data-driven approach pointed to sex-specific contributors for BA estimation: WHtR, arm and thigh circumferences for men; weight, WHtR, thigh circumference, subscapular and triceps skinfolds for women. We used these measurements to generate AnthropoAge, which predicted all-cause mortality (AUROC 0.876, 95%CI 0.864-0.887) and cause-specific mortality independently of ethnicity, sex, and comorbidities; AnthropoAge was a better predictor than PhenoAge for cerebrovascular, Alzheimer, and COPD mortality. A metric of age acceleration was also derived and used to assess sexual dimorphisms linked to accelerated aging, where women had an increase in overall body mass plus an important subcutaneous to visceral fat redistribution, and men displayed a marked decrease in fat and muscle mass. Finally, we showed that consideration of multiple BA metrics may identify unique aging trajectories with increased mortality (HR for multidomain acceleration 2.43, 95%CI 2.25-2.62) and comorbidity profiles. A simplified version of AnthropoAge (S-AnthropoAge) was generated using only BMI and WHtR, all results were preserved using this metric. In conclusion, AnthropoAge is a useful proxy of BA that captures cause-specific mortality and sex dimorphisms in body composition, and it could be used for future multidomain assessments of aging to better characterize the heterogeneity of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Fermín‐Martínez
- Research DivisionInstituto Nacional de GeriatríaMexico CityMexico,MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Alejandro Márquez‐Salinas
- Research DivisionInstituto Nacional de GeriatríaMexico CityMexico,MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Enrique C. Guerra
- Research DivisionInstituto Nacional de GeriatríaMexico CityMexico,MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Neftali Eduardo Antonio‐Villa
- Research DivisionInstituto Nacional de GeriatríaMexico CityMexico,MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Luisa Fernández‐Chirino
- Research DivisionInstituto Nacional de GeriatríaMexico CityMexico,Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Eduardo Sandoval‐Colin
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMexico
| | | | | | - Arsenio Vargas‐Vázquez
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMexico
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Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Massidda M, Tocco F, Leźnicka K. The Influence of the Differentiation of Genes Encoding Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Coactivators on Nutrient and Energy Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245378. [PMID: 36558537 PMCID: PMC9782515 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic components may play an important role in the regulation of nutrient and energy metabolism. In the presence of specific genetic variants, metabolic dysregulation may occur, especially in relation to the processes of digestion, assimilation, and the physiological utilization of nutrients supplied to the body, as well as the regulation of various metabolic pathways and the balance of metabolic changes, which may consequently affect the effectiveness of applied reduction diets and weight loss after training. There are many well-documented studies showing that the presence of certain polymorphic variants in some genes can be associated with specific changes in nutrient and energy metabolism, and consequently, with more or less desirable effects of applied caloric reduction and/or exercise intervention. This systematic review focused on the role of genes encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and their coactivators in nutrient and energy metabolism. The literature review prepared showed that there is a link between the presence of specific alleles described at different polymorphic points in PPAR genes and various human body characteristics that are crucial for the efficacy of nutritional and/or exercise interventions. Genetic analysis can be a valuable element that complements the work of a dietitian or trainer, allowing for the planning of a personalized diet or training that makes the best use of the innate metabolic characteristics of the person who is the subject of their interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Maciejewska-Skrendo
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Myosotis Massidda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Sciences Degree Courses, University of Cagliari, 72-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filippo Tocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Sciences Degree Courses, University of Cagliari, 72-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Leźnicka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
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45
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Littleton SH, Grant SFA. Strategies to identify causal common genetic variants and corresponding effector genes for paediatric obesity. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12968. [PMID: 35971868 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity rates are on the rise, but there are currently no effective therapies available to slow or halt their progression. Although environmental and lifestyle factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis, childhood obesity is considered a complex disorder with a clear genetic component. Intense genome-wide association study (GWAS) efforts through large-scale collaborations have enabled the discovery of genetic loci robustly associated with childhood obesity beyond the classic FTO locus. That said, GWAS itself does not pinpoint the actual underlying causal effector genes, but rather just yields association signals in the genome. OBJECTIVE This review aims to outline what has been elucidated thus far on the genetic aetiology of commong childhood obesity and to describe strategies to identify and validate both causal common genetic variants and their corresponding effector genes. RESULTS Relevant cell types for molecular studies can be identified by gene set enrichment analysis and considering known biology of obesity-related physiological processes. Putatively causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be identified by several methods including statistical fine mapping and 'assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing' (ATAC-seq). Variant to gene mapping can then nominate effector genes likely regulated by cis-regulatory elements harbouring putatively causal SNPs. A SNP's cis-regulatory activity can be functionally validated by several in vitro methods including luciferase assay and CRISPR approaches. These CRISPR approaches can also be used to investigate how dysregulatn of effector genes may confer obesity risk. CONCLUSION Uncovering the causative genes related to GWAS signals and elucidating their functional contributions to paediatric obesity with these strategies will deepen our understanding of this disease and serve better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheridan H Littleton
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.,Divisons of Genetics and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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Waldhorn I, Turetsky T, Steiner D, Gil Y, Benyamini H, Gropp M, Reubinoff BE. Modeling sex differences in humans using isogenic induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2732-2744. [PMID: 36427492 PMCID: PMC9768579 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological sex is a fundamental trait influencing development, reproduction, pathogenesis, and medical treatment outcomes. Modeling sex differences is challenging because of the masking effect of genetic variability and the hurdle of differentiating chromosomal versus hormonal effects. In this work we developed a cellular model to study sex differences in humans. Somatic cells from a mosaic Klinefelter syndrome patient were reprogrammed to generate isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with different sex chromosome complements: 47,XXY/46,XX/46,XY/45,X0. Transcriptional analysis of the hiPSCs revealed novel and known genes and pathways that are sexually dimorphic in the pluripotent state and during early neural development. Female hiPSCs more closely resembled the naive pluripotent state than their male counterparts. Moreover, the system enabled differentiation between the contributions of X versus Y chromosome to these differences. Taken together, isogenic hiPSCs present a novel platform for studying sex differences in humans and bear potential to promote gender-specific medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ithai Waldhorn
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tikva Turetsky
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Debora Steiner
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaniv Gil
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Gropp
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin E. Reubinoff
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ein Kerem, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel,Corresponding author
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47
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Lamri A, De Paoli M, De Souza R, Werstuck G, Anand S, Pigeyre M. Insight into genetic, biological, and environmental determinants of sexual-dimorphism in type 2 diabetes and glucose-related traits. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:964743. [PMID: 36505380 PMCID: PMC9729955 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.964743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that sex and gender differences play an important role in risk and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Men develop T2D earlier than women, even though there is more obesity in young women than men. This difference in T2D prevalence is attenuated after the menopause. However, not all women are equally protected against T2D before the menopause, and gestational diabetes represents an important risk factor for future T2D. Biological mechanisms underlying sex and gender differences on T2D physiopathology are not yet fully understood. Sex hormones affect behavior and biological changes, and can have implications on lifestyle; thus, both sex-specific environmental and biological risk factors interact within a complex network to explain the differences in T2D risk and physiopathology in men and women. In addition, lifetime hormone fluctuations and body changes due to reproductive factors are generally more dramatic in women than men (ovarian cycle, pregnancy, and menopause). Progress in genetic studies and rodent models have significantly advanced our understanding of the biological pathways involved in the physiopathology of T2D. However, evidence of the sex-specific effects on genetic factors involved in T2D is still limited, and this gap of knowledge is even more important when investigating sex-specific differences during the life course. In this narrative review, we will focus on the current state of knowledge on the sex-specific effects of genetic factors associated with T2D over a lifetime, as well as the biological effects of these different hormonal stages on T2D risk. We will also discuss how biological insights from rodent models complement the genetic insights into the sex-dimorphism effects on T2D. Finally, we will suggest future directions to cover the knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Lamri
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Monica De Paoli
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Russell De Souza
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoff Werstuck
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Marie Pigeyre
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Gholami F, Rasaei N, Samadi M, Yekaninejad MS, Keshavarz SA, Javdan G, Karimi Z, Mirzaei K. The relationship of genetic risk score with cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:459. [PMID: 36324080 PMCID: PMC9632045 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims For more than eight decades, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has remained the leading cause of death in the world. CVD risk factors are multifaceted, with genetics and lifestyle both playing a role. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between a genetic profile risk score for obesity GRS and cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women. Methods The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 391 overweight and obese women. The genetic risk score was created by combining three single nucleotide polymorphisms [MC4R (rs17782313), CAV-1 (rs3807992), and Cry-1 (rs2287161)]. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and some blood parameters were measured by standard protocols. Results A significant association between the GRS and some of cardiometabolic risk factors variables such as body mass index (β = 0. 49, 95%CI = 0.22 to 0.76, p < 0.001), waist circumference (β = 0. 86, 95%CI = 0.18 to 1.54, p = 0.01), body fat mass (β = 0. 82, 95%CI = 0.25 to 1.39, p = 0.005), %body fat (β = 0. 44, 95%CI = 0.06 to 0.82, p = 0.02), and hs-CRP (β = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.78, p = 0.005) was observed in crude model. After adjustment for confounding factors (age, BMI, and physical activity), a significant positive association was observed between BMI (p = 0.004), WC (p = 0.02), body fat mass (p = 0.01), %BF (p = 0.01), hs-CRP (p = 0.009), and GRS. In addition, we discovered a significant negative association between the GRS and BMC (= -0.02, 95%CI = -0.05 to -0.001, p = 0.04). But other variables did not show any significant association with GRS among obese and overweight women. Conclusion We found a significant positive association between GRS, including MC4R (rs17782313), CAV-1 (rs3807992), and Cry-1 (rs2287161) and cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gholami
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P. O Box 6446, 14155 Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rasaei
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P. O Box 6446, 14155 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Samadi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P. O Box 6446, 14155 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeid Yekaninejad
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamali Javdan
- grid.412237.10000 0004 0385 452XFood Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Karimi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P. O Box 6446, 14155 Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922 Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Handelman SK, Puentes YM, Kuppa A, Chen Y, Du X, Feitosa MF, Palmer ND, Speliotes EK. Population-based meta-analysis and gene-set enrichment identifies FXR/RXR pathway as common to fatty liver disease and serum lipids. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3120-3131. [PMID: 36098472 PMCID: PMC9592792 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent worldwide. NAFLD is associated with elevated serum triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Both NAFLD and blood lipid levels are genetically influenced and may share a common genetic etiology. We used genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-ranked genes and gene-set enrichment analysis to identify pathways that affect serum lipids and NAFLD. We identified credible genes in these pathways and characterized missense variants in these for effects on serum traits. We used MAGENTA to identify 58 enriched pathways from publicly available TG, LDL, and HDL GWAS (n = 99,000). Three of these pathways were also enriched for associations with European-ancestry NAFLD GWAS (n = 7176). One pathway, farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation, was replicated for association in an African-ancestry NAFLD GWAS (n = 3214) and plays a role in serum lipids and NAFLD. Credible genes (proteins) in FXR/RXR activation include those associated with cholesterol/bile/bilirubin transport/absorption (ABCC2 (MRP2) [ATP binding cassette subfamily C member (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2)], ABCG5, ABCG8 [ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters G5 and G8], APOB (APOB) [apolipoprotein B], FABP6 (ILBP) [fatty acid binding protein 6 (ileal lipid-binding protein)], MTTP (MTP) [microsomal triglyceride transfer protein], SLC4A2 (AE2) [solute carrier family 4 member 2 (anion exchange protein 2)]), nuclear hormone-mediated control of metabolism (NR0B2 (SHP) [nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 (small heterodimer partner)], NR1H4 (FXR) [nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4 (FXR)], PPARA (PPAR) [peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha], FOXO1 (FOXO1A) [forkhead box O1]), or other pathways (FETUB (FETUB) [fetuin B]). Missense variants in ABCC2 (MRP2), ABCG5 (ABCG5), ABCG8 (ABCG8), APOB (APOB), MTTP (MTP), NR0B2 (SHP), NR1H4 (FXR), and PPARA (PPAR) that associate with serum LDL levels also associate with serum liver function tests in UK Biobank. Conclusion: Genetic variants in NR1H4 (FXR) that protect against liver steatosis increase serum LDL cholesterol while variants in other members of the family have congruent effects on these traits. Human genetic pathway enrichment analysis can help guide therapeutic development by identifying effective targets for NAFLD/serum lipid manipulation while minimizing side effects. In addition, missense variants could be used in companion diagnostics to determine their influence on drug effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K. Handelman
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Yindra M. Puentes
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Computational Medicine and BioinformaticsUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Annapurna Kuppa
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Xiaomeng Du
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of GeneticsWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Nicholette D. Palmer
- Department of BiochemistryWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Elizabeth K. Speliotes
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Computational Medicine and BioinformaticsUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Fang Z, Zhu L, Zhang T, Jin Y, Chen Y, Yao Y. Sex-specific genetic association of brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) and obesity in Chinese youth. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:464-469. [PMID: 36335026 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian clock gene brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) regulates energy metabolism, adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, glucose metabolism, and other functions. This study aimed to examine the association of potential polymorphisms in BMAL1 with obesity among Chinese youth. METHODS A total of 2973 participants were included in this study. According to the body mass index obesity standard of China, 208 subjects were defined as experiencing general obesity. According to the waist-to-hip ratio obesity standard, 335 participants were defined as experiencing central obesity. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs9633835, rs6486121, rs7107287, and rs12364562) were genotyped using TaqMan probe techniques. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the either genotypic or allelic frequencies between the non-general and general obesity groups, while a positive association was observed between BMAL1 rs6486121 variant and central obesity risk (CC+CT vs. TT: OR:2.139, 95% CI:1.164-3.930; P = 0.014) after adjusting for covariates. Stratification analyses revealed significant associations with central obesity risk for rs6486121 polymorphism in women according to the additive model (CC vs. CT vs. TT: OR:1.409; 95 % CI: 1.029-1.930; P = 0.032). Haplotype analysis showed that only paired haplotypes, including rs9633835G with rs6486121T, had a significant effect on central obesity with OR (95%CI) was 1.035 (1.011-1.060) and P = 0.004. CONCLUSION our findings suggest that BMAL1 polymorphisms are significantly associated with central obesity and sex-specific genetic effects on BMAL1-mediated genetic susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmei Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Yuelong Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China.
| | - Yingshui Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China; Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.18, Wuxia Shanxi Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China.
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