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Zhu T, Okabe A, Usui G, Fujiki R, Komiyama D, Huang KK, Seki M, Fukuyo M, Abe H, Ning M, Okada T, Minami M, Matsumoto M, Fan Q, Rahmutulla B, Hoshii T, Tan P, Morikawa T, Ushiku T, Kaneda A. Integrated enhancer regulatory network by enhancer-promoter looping in gastric cancer. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae020. [PMID: 38720882 PMCID: PMC11077903 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancer cis-regulatory elements play critical roles in gene regulation at many stages of cell growth. Enhancers in cancer cells also regulate the transcription of oncogenes. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of long-range chromatin interactions, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility and expression in two gastric cancer (GC) cell lines compared to normal gastric epithelial cells. We found that GC-specific enhancers marked by histone modifications can activate a population of genes, including some oncogenes, by interacting with their proximal promoters. In addition, motif analysis of enhancer-promoter interacting enhancers showed that GC-specific transcription factors are enriched. Among them, we found that MYB is crucial for GC cell growth and activated by the enhancer with an enhancer-promoter loop and TCF7 upregulation. Clinical GC samples showed epigenetic activation of enhancers at the MYB locus and significant upregulation of TCF7 and MYB, regardless of molecular GC subtype and clinicopathological factors. Single-cell RNA sequencing of gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia showed high expression of TCF7 and MYB in intestinal stem cells. When we inactivated the loop-forming enhancer at the MYB locus using CRISPR interference (dCas9-KRAB), GC cell growth was significantly inhibited. In conclusion, we identified MYB as an oncogene activated by a loop-forming enhancer and contributing to GC cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Zhu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okabe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Health and Disease Omics Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Genki Usui
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fujiki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Daichi Komiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kie Kyon Huang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke–NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukuyo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Meng Ning
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomoka Okada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Mizuki Minami
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Bahityar Rahmutulla
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hoshii
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Patrick Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke–NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo 141-8625, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Health and Disease Omics Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Wang Y, Cheng C, Lu Y, Lian Z, Liu Q, Xu Y, Li Y, Li H, Zhang L, Jiang X, Li B, Yu D. β-Catenin Activation Reprograms Ammonia Metabolism to Promote Senescence Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1643-1658. [PMID: 38417136 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical tumor that undergoes metabolic reprogramming, differing from normal liver tissue in glucose, lipid, nucleic acid, and amino acid metabolism. Although ammonia is a toxic metabolic by-product, it has also been recently recognized as a signaling molecule to activate lipid metabolism, and it can be a nitrogen source for biosynthesis to support tumorigenesis. In this study, we revealed that β-catenin activation increases ammonia production in HCC mainly by stimulating glutaminolysis. β-Catenin/LEF1 activated the transcription of the glutamate dehydrogenase GLUD1, which then promoted ammonia utilization to enhance the production of glutamate, aspartate, and proline as evidenced by 15NH4Cl metabolic flux. β-Catenin/TCF4 induced the transcription of SLC4A11, an ammonia transporter, to excrete excess ammonia. SLC4A11 was upregulated in HCC tumor tissues, and high SLC4A11 expression was associated with poor prognosis and advanced disease stages. Loss of SLC4A11 induced HCC cell senescence in vitro by blocking ammonia excretion and reduced β-catenin-driven tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, elevated levels of plasma ammonia promoted the progression of β-catenin mutant HCC, which was impeded by SLC4A11 deficiency. Downregulation of SLC4A11 led to ammonia accumulation in tumor interstitial fluid and decreased plasma ammonia levels in HCC with activated β-catenin. Altogether, this study indicates that β-catenin activation reprograms ammonia metabolism and that blocking ammonia excretion by targeting SLC4A11 could be a promising approach to induce senescence in β-catenin mutant HCC. SIGNIFICANCE Ammonia metabolism reprogramming mediated by aberrant activation of β-catenin induces resistance to senescence in HCC and can be targeted by inhibiting SLC4A11 as a potential therapy for β-catenin mutant liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxiao Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaowu Lian
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Laizhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Decai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Miao D, Ren J, Jia Y, Jia Y, Li Y, Huang H, Gao R. PAX1 represses canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays dual roles during endoderm differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:242. [PMID: 38664733 PMCID: PMC11046865 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paired box 1 (PAX1) is a transcription factor and essential for the development of pharyngeal pouches-derived tissues, including thymus. PAX1 mutations are identified in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) patients with Otofaciocervical Syndrome Type 2 (OTFCS2). However, despite the critical roles of PAX1 in embryonic development and diseases, detailed insights into its molecular mode of action are critically missing. METHODS The repressing roles of PAX1 and SCID associated mutants on Wnt signaling pathway were investigated by luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization in HEK293FT, HCT116 cells and zebrafish embryos, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and western blotting assays were carried out to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying PAX1's role on Wnt signaling pathway. hESC based endoderm differentiation, flow cytometry, high-throughput sequencing data analysis, and qRT-PCR assays were utilized to determine the roles of PAX1 during endoderm differentiation. RESULTS Here, we show that PAX1 represses canonical Wnt signaling pathway in vertebrate cells. Mechanically, PAX1 competes with SUMO E3 ligase PIASy to bind to TCF7L2, thus perturbing TCF7L2 SUMOylation level, further reducing its transcriptional activity and protein stability. Moreover, we reveal that PAX1 plays dual roles in hESC-derived definitive and foregut/pharyngeal endoderm cells, which give rise to the thymus epithelium, by inhibiting Wnt signaling. Importantly, our data show PAX1 mutations found in SCID patients significantly compromise the suppressing ability of PAX1 on Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents a novel molecular mode of action of PAX1 in regulation of canonical Wnt signaling and endoderm differentiation, thus providing insights for the molecular basis of PAX1 associated SCID, offering better understanding of the behavior of PAX1 in embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxiu Miao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Yanhan Jia
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yihui Jia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- College of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Huizhe Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
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Dharavath B, Butle A, Chaudhary A, Pal A, Desai S, Chowdhury A, Thorat R, Upadhyay P, Nair S, Dutt A. Recurrent UBE3C-LRP5 translocations in head and neck cancer with therapeutic implications. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:63. [PMID: 38438481 PMCID: PMC10912599 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The identification of genetic alterations in head and neck cancer may improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes. In this study, we report the identification and functional characterization of UBE3C-LRP5 translocation in head and neck cancer. Our whole transcriptome sequencing and RT-PCR analysis of 151 head and neck cancer tumor samples identified the LRP5-UBE3C and UBE3C-LRP5 fusion transcripts in 5.3% of patients of Indian origin (n = 151), and UBE3C-LRP5 fusion transcripts in 1.2% of TCGA-HNSC patients (n = 502). Further, whole genome sequencing identified the breakpoint of UBE3C-LRP5 translocation. We demonstrate that UBE3C-LRP5 fusion is activating in vitro and in vivo, and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of head and neck cancer cells. In contrast, depletion of UBE3C-LRP5 fusion suppresses the clonogenic, migratory, and invasive potential of the cells. The UBE3C-LRP5 fusion activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, leading to upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes, MYC, CCND1, TCF4, and LEF1. Consistently, treatment with the FDA-approved drug, pyrvinium pamoate, significantly reduced the transforming ability of cells expressing the fusion protein and improved survival in mice bearing tumors of fusion-overexpressing cells. Interestingly, fusion-expressing cells upon knockdown of CTNNB1, or LEF1 show reduced proliferation, clonogenic abilities, and reduced sensitivity to pyrvinium pamoate. Overall, our study suggests that the UBE3C-LRP5 fusion is a promising therapeutic target for head and neck cancer and that pyrvinium pamoate may be a potential drug candidate for treating head and neck cancer harboring this translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhasker Dharavath
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Ashwin Butle
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 441108, India
| | - Akshita Chaudhary
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Ankita Pal
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Sanket Desai
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Aniket Chowdhury
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Pawan Upadhyay
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Sudhir Nair
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
- Division of Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Amit Dutt
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India.
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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5
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Fujii S, Hasegawa K, Maehara T, Kurppa KJ, Heikinheimo K, Warner KA, Maruyama S, Tajiri Y, Nör JE, Tanuma JI, Kawano S, Kiyoshima T. Wnt/β-catenin-C-kit axis may play a role in adenoid cystic carcinoma prognostication. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155148. [PMID: 38277753 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is one of the most common malignant salivary gland tumors. ACC is composed of myoepithelial and epithelial neoplastic cells which grow slowly and have a tendency for neural invasion. The long term prognosis is still relatively poor. Although several gene abnormalities, such as fusions involving MYB or MYBL1 oncogenes and the transcription factor gene NFIB, and overexpression of KIT have been reported in ACC, their precise functions in the pathogenesis of ACC remain unclear. We recently demonstrated that the elevated expression of Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), specifically expressed in myoepithelial neoplastic cells, might function as a novel oncogene-related molecule to enhance cell proliferation through activated AKT signaling in 9/10 (90%) ACC cases. In the current study, the patient with ACC whose tumor was negative for SEMA3A in the previous study, revisited our hospital with late metastasis of ACC to the cervical lymph node eight years after surgical resection of the primary tumor. We characterized this recurrent ACC, and compared it with the primary ACC using immunohistochemical methods. In the recurrent ACC, the duct lining epithelial cells, not myoepithelial neoplastic cells, showed an elevated Ki-67 index and increased cell membrane expression of C-kit, along with the expression of phosphorylated ERK. Late metastasis ACC specimens were not positive for β-catenin and lymphocyte enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1), which were detected in the nuclei of perineural infiltrating cells in primary ACC cells. In addition, experiments with the GSK-3 inhibitor revealed that β-catenin pathway suppressed not only KIT expression but also proliferation of ACC cells. Moreover, stem cell factor (SCF; also known as KIT ligand, KITL) induced ERK activation in ACC cells. These results suggest that inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling may promote C-kit-ERK signaling and cell proliferation of in metastatic ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, and Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland.
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Maehara
- Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kari J Kurppa
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, and Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Kristiina Heikinheimo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Kristy A Warner
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Yudai Tajiri
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Fukuokahigashi Medical Center, 1-1-1 Chidori, Koga, Fukuoka 811-3195, Japan
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Tanuma
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Ward BJH, Prasai K, Schaal DL, Wang J, Scott RS. A distinct isoform of lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) epigenetically restricts EBV reactivation to maintain viral latency. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011873. [PMID: 38113273 PMCID: PMC10763950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As a human tumor virus, EBV is present as a latent infection in its associated malignancies where genetic and epigenetic changes have been shown to impede cellular differentiation and viral reactivation. We reported previously that levels of the Wnt signaling effector, lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) increased following EBV epithelial infection and an epigenetic reprogramming event was maintained even after loss of the viral genome. Elevated LEF1 levels are also observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt lymphoma. To determine the role played by LEF1 in the EBV life cycle, we used in silico analysis of EBV type 1 and 2 genomes to identify over 20 Wnt-response elements, which suggests that LEF1 may bind directly to the EBV genome and regulate the viral life cycle. Using CUT&RUN-seq, LEF1 was shown to bind the latent EBV genome at various sites encoding viral lytic products that included the immediate early transactivator BZLF1 and viral primase BSLF1 genes. The LEF1 gene encodes various long and short protein isoforms. siRNA depletion of specific LEF1 isoforms revealed that the alternative-promoter derived isoform with an N-terminal truncation (ΔN LEF1) transcriptionally repressed lytic genes associated with LEF1 binding. In addition, forced expression of the ΔN LEF1 isoform antagonized EBV reactivation. As LEF1 repression requires histone deacetylase activity through either recruitment of or direct intrinsic histone deacetylase activity, siRNA depletion of LEF1 resulted in increased histone 3 lysine 9 and lysine 27 acetylation at LEF1 binding sites and across the EBV genome. Taken together, these results indicate a novel role for LEF1 in maintaining EBV latency and restriction viral reactivation via repressive chromatin remodeling of critical lytic cycle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. J. H. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kanchanjunga Prasai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Danielle L. Schaal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Rona S. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
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7
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Koo Y, Han W, Keum BR, Lutz L, Yun SH, Kim GH, Han JK. RNF2 regulates Wnt/ß-catenin signaling via TCF7L1 destabilization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19750. [PMID: 37957244 PMCID: PMC10643375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of various biological processes, such as development and cancer. The downstream transcription factors in this pathway play a vital role in determining the threshold for signaling induction and the length of the response, which vary depending on the biological context. Among the four transcription factors involved in canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, TCF7L1 is known to possess an inhibitory function; however, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified the E3 ligase, RNF2, as a novel positive regulator of the Wnt pathway. Here, we demonstrate that RNF2 promotes the degradation of TCF7L1 through its ubiquitination upon activation of Wnt signaling. Loss-of-function studies have shown that RNF2 consistently destabilizes nuclear TCF7L1 and is required for proper Wnt target gene transcription in response to Wnt activation. Furthermore, our results revealed that RNF2 controls the threshold, persistence, and termination of Wnt signaling by regulating TCF7L1. Overall, our study sheds light on the previously unknown degradation mechanism of TCF7L1 by a specific E3 ligase, RNF2, and provides new insights into the variability in cellular responses to Wnt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmu Koo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Han
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Byeong-Rak Keum
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Leila Lutz
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Pavičić I, Rokić F, Vugrek O. Effects of S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Downregulation on Wnt Signaling Pathway in SW480 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16102. [PMID: 38003292 PMCID: PMC10671441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) deficiency results mainly in hypermethioninemia, developmental delay, and is potentially fatal. In order to shed new light on molecular aspects of AHCY deficiency, in particular any changes at transcriptome level, we enabled knockdown of AHCY expression in the colon cancer cell line SW480 to simulate the environment occurring in AHCY deficient individuals. The SW480 cell line is well known for elevated AHCY expression, and thereby represents a suitable model system, in particular as AHCY expression is regulated by MYC, which, on the other hand, is involved in Wnt signaling and the regulation of Wnt-related genes, such as the β-catenin co-transcription factor LEF1 (lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1). We selected LEF1 as a potential target to investigate its association with S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency. This decision was prompted by our analysis of RNA-Seq data, which revealed significant changes in the expression of genes related to the Wnt signaling pathway and genes involved in processes responsible for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell proliferation. Notably, LEF1 emerged as a common factor in these processes, showing increased expression both on mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, we show alterations in interconnected signaling pathways linked to LEF1, causing gene expression changes with broad effects on cell cycle regulation, tumor microenvironment, and implications to cell invasion and metastasis. In summary, we provide a new link between AHCY deficiency and LEF1 serving as a mediator of changes to the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby indicating potential connections of AHCY expression and cancer cell phenotype, as Wnt signaling is frequently associated with cancer development, including colorectal cancer (CRC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oliver Vugrek
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Divison of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.P.); (F.R.)
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9
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Hu J, Liu WF, Zhang XY, Shi GM, Yang XR, Zhou KQ, Hu B, Chen FY, Zhou C, Lau WY, Fan J, Wang Z, Zhou J. Synthetic miR-26a mimics delivered by tumor exosomes repress hepatocellular carcinoma through downregulating lymphoid enhancer factor 1. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:1265-1278. [PMID: 37115456 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dysregulation of exosomal microRNAs plays an important role in the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of synthetic exosomal miR-26a against HCC cells and explored the feasibility of tumor-derived exosomes as drug delivery vehicles. METHODS Proliferation and migration assays were performed to examine the effects of miR-26a on HCC in vitro. The direct target gene of miR-26a was identified through miRecords analysis and target validation. The transferring efficiency and anti-HCC effect of exosomes with different origin were studied and the optimal miR-26a delivery method was established and verified in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the relationships between prognosis of HCC patients and miR-26a expression in HCC serum and exosomes were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Here, we found that tumor cell-derived exosomes were taken in preferentially by HCC cells and promoted HCC progression through Wnt pathway by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). HCC cells with vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 knocked down were adopted to generate engineered LRP6-exosomes. The engineered HCC-derived exosomes loading miR-26a inhibited HCC progression in vitro and in vivo effectively. Overexpression of miR-26a impaired the growth and migration of HCC by targeting lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1). Moreover, low expression of exosomal miR-26a was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested the exosomal miR-26a could serve as a non-invasive prognostic marker for HCC patients. Genetically modified tumor-derived exosomes showed preferable transfection efficiency but reduced Wnt activity, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kai-Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wan-Yee Lau
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Yang ZY, Zhang WL, Jiang CW, Sun G. PCBP1-mediated regulation of WNT signaling is critical for breast tumorigenesis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2331-2343. [PMID: 35639300 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Loss of expression or protein kinase B (Akt1)-mediated post-translational modification of the RNA binding protein Poly r(C) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) is closely related to metastatic advancement of breast cancer. However, the role of PCBP1 in tumorigenesis is not completely defined. Using a xenograft orthotopic model of breast tumorigenesis (4T1-Pcbp1-/-), we show here that PCBP1 knockdown-induced tumorigenesis is inhibited by activation of the WNT signaling via treating with the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor TWS119, but not the Akt2/Akt3 inhibitor GSK690693. Mass cytometry-based evaluation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) revealed significantly more regulatory T cells (Tregs) and significantly less cytotoxic T cells in 4T1-Pcbp1-/-mice treated with saline control in comparison to mice treated with TWS119. Infiltrating cytotoxic T cells were phenotypically and functionally exhausted. Treatment with TWS119 resulted in rescue of cytotoxic T cell function and inhibition of suppressor activity of Tregs. Using cytotoxic T cells isolated from healthy donors, we show that TWS119-induced WNT signaling-mediated inhibition of cytotoxic T cell expansion is reliant on expression of PCBP1. In conclusion, decreased PCBP1 expression favors breast tumorigenesis by potentiating skewing of tumor infiltrating T cells towards Tregs, thereby effectively suppressing anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ying Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Wen-Long Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Guang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China.
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11
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Scagliotti V, Vignola ML, Willis T, Howard M, Marinelli E, Gaston-Massuet C, Andoniadou C, Charalambous M. Imprinted Dlk1 dosage as a size determinant of the mammalian pituitary gland. eLife 2023; 12:e84092. [PMID: 37589451 PMCID: PMC10468206 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-regulated genes of the Imprinted Gene Network are involved in the control of growth and body size, and imprinted gene dysfunction underlies human paediatric disorders involving the endocrine system. Imprinted genes are highly expressed in the pituitary gland, among them, Dlk1, a paternally expressed gene whose membrane-bound and secreted protein products can regulate proliferation and differentiation of multiple stem cell populations. Dosage of circulating DLK1 has been previously implicated in the control of growth through unknown molecular mechanisms. Here we generate a series of mouse genetic models to modify levels of Dlk1 expression in the pituitary gland and demonstrate that the dosage of DLK1 modulates the process of stem cell commitment with lifelong impact on pituitary gland size. We establish that stem cells are a critical source of DLK1, where embryonic disruption alters proliferation in the anterior pituitary, leading to long-lasting consequences on growth hormone secretion later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scagliotti
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria Lillina Vignola
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Thea Willis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark Howard
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Eugenia Marinelli
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Carles Gaston-Massuet
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Cynthia Andoniadou
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marika Charalambous
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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12
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Scharr M, Scherer S, Hirt B, Neckel PH. Dickkopf1 induces enteric neurogenesis and gliogenesis in vitro if apoptosis is evaded. Commun Biol 2023; 6:808. [PMID: 37532804 PMCID: PMC10397193 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the postnatal enteric nervous system (ENS) is controversially discussed. Yet, deciphering the regenerative potential of the ENS is essential for our understanding and therapy of human enteric neuropathies. Dickkopf1 (DKK1) is a Wnt-antagonist and involved in the homeostasis of various tissues. We hypothesize that DKK1 could function as a negative regulator on the proliferation of ENS-progenitors in the postnatal gut of mice and human infants. Here, we provide evidence that DKK1 is expressed in the murine and human ENS. If applied to ENS-progenitors in vitro, DKK1 leads to an increased proliferation, however, followed by extensive apoptosis. Yet, once we block apoptosis, DKK1-stimulation markedly increases enteric neurogenesis in murine and human ENS-progenitors. Thus, DKK1 is a strong, ambivalent regulator of the ENS-progenitor cell pool in mice and humans. These results are fundamental steps to reshaping our understanding of the homeostasis of the ENS in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Scharr
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Scherer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hirt
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter H Neckel
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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13
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Penny MK, Lerario AM, Basham KJ, Chukkapalli S, Mohan DR, LaPensee C, Converso-Baran K, Hoenerhoff MJ, Suárez-Fernández L, del Rey CG, Giordano TJ, Han R, Newman EA, Hammer GD. Targeting Oncogenic Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Disrupts ECM Expression and Impairs Tumor Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3559. [PMID: 37509222 PMCID: PMC10377252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but highly aggressive cancer with limited treatment options and poor survival for patients with advanced disease. An improved understanding of the transcriptional programs engaged in ACC will help direct rational, targeted therapies. Whereas activating mutations in Wnt/β-catenin signaling are frequently observed, the β-catenin-dependent transcriptional targets that promote tumor progression are poorly understood. To address this question, we analyzed ACC transcriptome data and identified a novel Wnt/β-catenin-associated signature in ACC enriched for the extracellular matrix (ECM) and predictive of poor survival. This suggested an oncogenic role for Wnt/β-catenin in regulating the ACC microenvironment. We further investigated the minor fibrillar collagen, collagen XI alpha 1 (COL11A1), and found that COL11A1 expression originates specifically from cancer cells and is strongly correlated with both Wnt/β-catenin activation and poor patient survival. Inhibition of constitutively active Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the human ACC cell line, NCI-H295R, significantly reduced the expression of COL11A1 and other ECM components and decreased cancer cell viability. To investigate the preclinical potential of Wnt/β-catenin inhibition in the adrenal microenvironment, we developed a minimally invasive orthotopic xenograft model of ACC and demonstrated that treatment with the newly developed Wnt/β-catenin:TBL1 inhibitor Tegavivint significantly reduced tumor growth. Together, our data support that the inhibition of aberrantly active Wnt/β-catenin disrupts transcriptional reprogramming of the microenvironment and reduces ACC growth and survival. Furthermore, this β-catenin-dependent oncogenic program can be therapeutically targeted with a newly developed Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor. These results show promise for the further clinical development of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors in ACC and unveil a novel Wnt/β-catenin-regulated transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K. Penny
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Antonio M. Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kaitlin J. Basham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sahiti Chukkapalli
- Mott Solid Tumor Oncology Program, C.S. Mott Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dipika R. Mohan
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chris LaPensee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kimber Converso-Baran
- UMH Frankel Cardiovascular Center Physiology and Phenotyping Core, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mark J. Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laura Suárez-Fernández
- Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen González del Rey
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Thomas J. Giordano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ruolan Han
- Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Erika A. Newman
- Mott Solid Tumor Oncology Program, C.S. Mott Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary D. Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Endocrine Oncology Program, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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14
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Kaiser A, Eiselt G, Bechler J, Huber O, Schmidt M. WNT3a Signaling Inhibits Aromatase Expression in Breast Adipose Fibroblasts-A Possible Mechanism Supporting the Loss of Estrogen Responsiveness of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054654. [PMID: 36902090 PMCID: PMC10003471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-dependent breast cancers rely on a constant supply of estrogens and expression of estrogen receptors. Local biosynthesis, by aromatase in breast adipose fibroblasts (BAFs), is their most important source for estrogens. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) rely on other growth-promoting signals, including those from the Wnt pathway. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that Wnt signaling alters the proliferation of BAFs, and is involved in regulation of aromatase expression in BAFs. Conditioned medium (CM) from TNBC cells and WNT3a consistently increased BAF growth, and reduced aromatase activity up to 90%, by suppression of the aromatase promoter I.3/II region. Database searches identified three putative Wnt-responsive elements (WREs) in the aromatase promoter I.3/II. In luciferase reporter gene assays, promoter I.3/II activity was inhibited by overexpression of full-length T-cell factor (TCF)-4 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which served as a model for BAFs. Full-length lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (LEF)-1 increased the transcriptional activity. However, TCF-4 binding to WRE1 in the aromatase promoter, was lost after WNT3a stimulation in immunoprecipitation-based in vitro DNA-binding assays, and in chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). In vitro DNA-binding assays, ChIP, and Western blotting revealed a WNT3a-dependent switch of nuclear LEF-1 isoforms towards a truncated variant, whereas β-catenin levels remained unchanged. This LEF-1 variant revealed dominant negative properties, and most likely recruited enzymes involved in heterochromatin formation. In addition, WNT3a induced the replacement of TCF-4 by the truncated LEF-1 variant, on WRE1 of the aromatase promoter I.3/II. The mechanism described here may be responsible for the loss of aromatase expression predominantly associated with TNBC. Tumors with (strong) expression of Wnt ligands actively suppress aromatase expression in BAFs. Consequently a reduced estrogen supply could favor the growth of estrogen-independent tumor cells, which consequently would make estrogen receptors dispensable. In summary, canonical Wnt signaling within (cancerous) breast tissue may be a major factor controlling local estrogen synthesis and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kaiser
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriele Eiselt
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Joachim Bechler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Robert-Koch-Hospital, 99510 Apolda, Germany
| | - Otmar Huber
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-939-6420
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15
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Geng S, Paul F, Kowalczyk I, Raimundo S, Sporbert A, Mamo TM, Hammes A. Balancing WNT signalling in early forebrain development: The role of LRP4 as a modulator of LRP6 function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1173688. [PMID: 37091972 PMCID: PMC10119419 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1173688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The specification of the forebrain relies on the precise regulation of WNT/ß-catenin signalling to support neuronal progenitor cell expansion, patterning, and morphogenesis. Imbalances in WNT signalling activity in the early neuroepithelium lead to congenital disorders, such as neural tube defects (NTDs). LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) family members, including the well-studied receptors LRP5 and LRP6, play critical roles in modulating WNT signalling capacity through tightly regulated interactions with their co-receptor Frizzled, WNT ligands, inhibitors and intracellular WNT pathway components. However, little is known about the function of LRP4 as a potential modulator of WNT signalling in the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the role of LRP4 in the regulation of WNT signalling during early mouse forebrain development. Our results demonstrate that LRP4 can modulate LRP5- and LRP6-mediated WNT signalling in the developing forebrain prior to the onset of neurogenesis at embryonic stage 9.5 and is therefore essential for accurate neural tube morphogenesis. Specifically, LRP4 functions as a genetic modifier for impaired mitotic activity and forebrain hypoplasia, but not for NTDs in LRP6-deficient mutants. In vivo and in vitro data provide evidence that LRP4 is a key player in fine-tuning WNT signalling capacity and mitotic activity of mouse neuronal progenitors and of human retinal pigment epithelial (hTERT RPE-1) cells. Our data demonstrate the crucial roles of LRP4 and LRP6 in regulating WNT signalling and forebrain development and highlight the need to consider the interaction between different signalling pathways to understand the underlying mechanisms of disease. The findings have significant implications for our mechanistic understanding of how LRPs participate in controlling WNT signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Geng
- Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Paul
- Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Izabela Kowalczyk
- Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Raimundo
- Advanced Light Microscopy Technology Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Advanced Light Microscopy Technology Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamrat Meshka Mamo
- Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tamrat Meshka Mamo, ; Annette Hammes,
| | - Annette Hammes
- Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tamrat Meshka Mamo, ; Annette Hammes,
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16
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Ectopic localization of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2-expressing cells in the normal human adrenal gland. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279682. [PMID: 36584094 PMCID: PMC9803228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The sharp line of demarcation between zona glomerulosa (ZG) and zona fasciculata (ZF) has been recently challenged suggesting that this interface is no longer a compartment boundary. We have used immunohistochemical analyses to study the steroid 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) pattern of expression and investigate the remodeling of the adrenal cortex in relation to aging. We analyzed human adrenal glands prepared from 47 kidney donors. No aldosterone-producing micronodules (APMs) were detectable in the younger donors aged between 22-39 but the functional ZG depicted by positive CYP11B2 staining demonstrated a lack of continuity. In contrast, the development of APMs was found in samples from individuals aged 40-70. Importantly, the progressive replacement of CYP11B2-expressing cells in the histological ZG by CYP11B1-expressing cells highlights the remodeling capacity of the adrenal cortex. In 70% of our samples, immunofluorescence studies revealed the presence of isolated or clusters of CYP11B2 positive cells in the ZF and zona reticularis. Our data emphasize that mineralocorticoid- and glucocorticoid-producing cells are distributed throughout the cortex and the medulla making the determination of the functional status of a cell or group of cells a unique tool in deciphering the changes occurring in adrenal gland particularly during aging. They also suggest that, in humans, steroidogenic cell phenotype defined by function is a stable feature and thus, the functional zonation might be not solely maintained by cell lineage conversion/migration.
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17
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Wada H, Sato Y, Fujimoto S, Okamoto K, Bando M, Kawaguchi T, Miyamoto H, Muguruma N, Horimoto K, Matsuzawa Y, Mutoh M, Takayama T. Resveratrol inhibits development of colorectal adenoma via suppression of LEF1; comprehensive analysis with connectivity map. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:4374-4384. [PMID: 36082704 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many chemopreventive studies on colorectal tumors have been reported, no effective and safe preventive agent is currently available. We searched for candidate preventive compounds against colorectal tumor comprehensively from United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounds by using connectivity map (CMAP) analysis coupled with in vitro screening with colorectal adenoma (CRA) patient-derived organoids (PDOs). We generated CRA-specific gene signatures based on the DNA microarray analysis of CRA and normal epithelial specimens, applied them to CMAP analysis with 1309 FDA-approved compounds, and identified 121 candidate compounds that should cancel the gene signatures. We narrowed them down to 15 compounds, and evaluated their inhibitory effects on the growth of CRA-PDOs in vitro. We finally identified resveratrol, one of the polyphenolic phytochemicals, as a compound showing the strongest inhibitory effect on the growth of CRA-PDOs compared with normal epithelial PDOs. When resveratrol was administered to ApcMin/+ mice at 15 or 30 mg/kg, the number of polyps (adenomas) was significantly reduced in both groups compared with control mice. Similarly, the number of polyps (adenomas) was significantly reduced in azoxymethane-injected rats treated with 10 or 100 mg/resveratrol compared with control rats. Microarray analysis of adenomas from resveratrol-treated rats revealed the highest change (downregulation) in expression of LEF1, a key molecule in the Wnt signaling pathway. Treatment with resveratrol significantly downregulated the Wnt-target gene (MYC) in CRA-PDOs. Our data demonstrated that resveratrol can be the most effective compound for chemoprevention of colorectal tumors, the efficacy of which is mediated through suppression of LEF1 expression in the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Wada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Department of Community Medicine for Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shota Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Bando
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Muguruma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Horimoto
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan.,SOCIUM Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Matsuzawa
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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18
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García-Corzo L, Calatayud-Baselga I, Casares-Crespo L, Mora-Martínez C, Julián Escribano-Saiz J, Hortigüela R, Asenjo-Martínez A, Jordán-Pla A, Ercoli S, Flames N, López-Alonso V, Vilar M, Mira H. The transcription factor LEF1 interacts with NFIX and switches isoforms during adult hippocampal neural stem cell quiescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:912319. [PMID: 35938168 PMCID: PMC9355129 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.912319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells in adult mammalian tissues are held in a reversible resting state, known as quiescence, for prolonged periods of time. Recent studies have greatly increased our understanding of the epigenetic and transcriptional landscapes that underlie stem cell quiescence. However, the transcription factor code that actively maintains the quiescence program remains poorly defined. Similarly, alternative splicing events affecting transcription factors in stem cell quiescence have been overlooked. Here we show that the transcription factor T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor LEF1, a central player in canonical β-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling, undergoes alternative splicing and switches isoforms in quiescent neural stem cells. We found that active β-catenin and its partner LEF1 accumulated in quiescent hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cell (Q-NSPC) cultures. Accordingly, Q-NSPCs showed enhanced TCF/LEF1-driven transcription and a basal Wnt activity that conferred a functional advantage to the cultured cells in a Wnt-dependent assay. At a mechanistic level, we found a fine regulation of Lef1 gene expression. The coordinate upregulation of Lef1 transcription and retention of alternative spliced exon 6 (E6) led to the accumulation of a full-length protein isoform (LEF1-FL) that displayed increased stability in the quiescent state. Prospectively isolated GLAST + cells from the postnatal hippocampus also underwent E6 retention at the time quiescence is established in vivo. Interestingly, LEF1 motif was enriched in quiescence-associated enhancers of genes upregulated in Q-NSPCs and quiescence-related NFIX transcription factor motifs flanked the LEF1 binding sites. We further show that LEF1 interacts with NFIX and identify putative LEF1/NFIX targets. Together, our results uncover an unexpected role for LEF1 in gene regulation in quiescent NSPCs, and highlight alternative splicing as a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism in the transition from stem cell activation to quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Corzo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Isabel Calatayud-Baselga
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Lucía Casares-Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Carlos Mora-Martínez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
- Evo-devo Helsinki Community, Centre of Excellence in Experimental and Computational Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan Julián Escribano-Saiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Jordán-Pla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Stefano Ercoli
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Nuria Flames
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | | | - Marçal Vilar
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
- *Correspondence: Helena Mira,
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19
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Nowroozi A, Khalili N, Razi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Rezaei N. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy for lung cancer and its future paradigms. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:735-745. [PMID: 35477305 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2072206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths contributing to this cancer in 2020. Despite advances in treatment options and various approaches being attempted, the survival rate remains low. AREAS COVERED In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the efficacy of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy for lung cancer based on existing clinical trials. We also discuss the current challenges and future landscape of this treatment modality. EXPERT OPINION Lung cancer can be a suitable candidate for TIL therapy due to its high mutational burden. Specifically, it has shown promising results for non-small cell lung cancer resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Still, there are many restrictions associated with the ex vivo expansion and delivery of TILs, limiting their availability. For this reason, applying TIL for the treatment of lung cancer has not been extensively investigated yet and only a few clinical trials have shown favorable results of TIL therapy in patients with lung cancer. Thus, facilitating this costly, labor-intensive and time-consuming process is of utmost importance to increase the number of performed studies and to detect eligible patients who could benefit most from this treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nowroozi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Khalili
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Aberrant Expression of Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 (LEF1) in Hodgkin Lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2022; 125:2-10. [PMID: 35421421 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) is a transcription factor involved in T-cell maturation and is usually absent in mature B-cells. Previous studies have shown aberrant LEF1 expression as a sensitive and specific marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Our primary aims were i) to analyze LEF1 expression in classic Hodgkin lymphomas (CHL) including de novo and Richter syndrome (RS), and to assess if LEF1 can be a surrogate marker to assess clonal relationship in RS, and ii) to compare LEF1 expression in CHL and Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). We included 117 patients: 24 CHL-RS, 66 CHL-de novo and 27 NLPHL. There was no significant difference in LEF1 expression between CHL-RS and CHL-de novo (79.2% vs 87.9%, P = 0.299), or in type I and type II CHL-RS (75% vs 81.3%, P = 1.000). However, CHL showed a significantly higher LEF1 expression compared to NLPHL (85.6% vs 44.4%, P<0.0001). As the Wnt/β-catenin pathway directly regulates LEF1 expression in a β-catenin-dependent way, β-catenin expression was assessed in 76 cases and all were negative. Additionally, no association between EBV-positivity and LEF1-expression was detected. Overall, our findings show high LEF1 expression in CHL, regardless of RS or de novo, indicating LEF1 cannot be utilized as a surrogate marker to suggest clonal relationship in RS. Compared with CHL, LEF1 expression is significantly less common in NLPHL, further attesting that they are biologically distinct entities. The absent β-catenin expression suggests LEF1 expression is independent of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in Hodgkin lymphomas.
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21
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Torres-Aguila NP, Salonna M, Hoppler S, Ferrier DEK. Evolutionary diversification of the canonical Wnt signaling effector TCF/LEF in chordates. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:120-137. [PMID: 35048372 PMCID: PMC9303524 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is essential during animal development and regeneration, but also plays an important role in diseases such as cancer and diabetes. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is one of the most conserved signaling cascades in the animal kingdom, with the T‐cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) proteins being the major mediators of Wnt/β‐catenin‐regulated gene expression. In comparison with invertebrates, vertebrates possess a high diversity of TCF/LEF family genes, implicating this as a possible key change to Wnt signaling at the evolutionary origin of vertebrates. However, the precise nature of this diversification is only poorly understood. The aim of this study is to clarify orthology, paralogy, and isoform relationships within the TCF/LEF gene family within chordates via in silico comparative study of TCF/LEF gene structure, molecular phylogeny, and gene synteny. Our results support the notion that the four TCF/LEF paralog subfamilies in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) evolved via the two rounds of whole‐genome duplications that occurred during early vertebrate evolution. Importantly, gene structure comparisons and synteny analysis of jawless vertebrate (cyclostome) TCFs suggest that a TCF7L2‐like form of gene structure is a close proxy for the ancestral vertebrate structure. In conclusion, we propose a detailed evolutionary path based on a new pre‐whole‐genome duplication vertebrate TCF gene model. This ancestor gene model highlights the chordate and vertebrate innovations of TCF/LEF gene structure, providing the foundation for understanding the role of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria P Torres-Aguila
- Gatty Marine Laboratory, The Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Marika Salonna
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Stefan Hoppler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David E K Ferrier
- Gatty Marine Laboratory, The Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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22
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Targeting β-catenin in acute myeloid leukaemia: past, present, and future perspectives. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231097. [PMID: 35352805 PMCID: PMC9069440 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive disease of the bone marrow with a poor prognosis. Evidence suggests long established chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat AML are reaching the limits of their efficacy, necessitating the urgent development of novel targeted therapies. Canonical Wnt signalling is an evolutionary conserved cascade heavily implicated in normal developmental and disease processes in humans. For over 15 years its been known that the central mediator of this pathway, β-catenin, is dysregulated in AML promoting the emergence, maintenance, and drug resistance of leukaemia stem cells. Yet, despite this knowledge, and subsequent studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting Wnt activity in haematological cancers, β-catenin inhibitors have not yet reached the clinic. The aim of this review is to summarise the current understanding regarding the role and mechanistic dysregulation of β-catenin in AML, and assess the therapeutic merit of pharmacologically targeting this molecule, drawing on lessons from other disease contexts.
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23
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Han Y, Villarreal-Ponce A, Gutierrez G, Nguyen Q, Sun P, Wu T, Sui B, Berx G, Brabletz T, Kessenbrock K, Zeng YA, Watanabe K, Dai X. Coordinate control of basal epithelial cell fate and stem cell maintenance by core EMT transcription factor Zeb1. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110240. [PMID: 35021086 PMCID: PMC9894649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of undifferentiated, long-lived, and often quiescent stem cells in the basal compartment is important for homeostasis and regeneration of multiple epithelial tissues, but the molecular mechanisms that coordinately control basal cell fate and stem cell quiescence are elusive. Here, we report an epithelium-intrinsic requirement for Zeb1, a core transcriptional inducer of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, for mammary epithelial ductal side branching and for basal cell regenerative capacity. Our findings uncover an evolutionarily conserved role of Zeb1 in promoting basal cell fate over luminal differentiation. We show that Zeb1 loss results in increased basal cell proliferation at the expense of quiescence and self-renewal. Moreover, Zeb1 cooperates with YAP to activate Axin2 expression, and inhibition of Wnt signaling partially restores stem cell function to Zeb1-deficient basal cells. Thus, Zeb1 is a transcriptional regulator that maintains both basal cell fate and stem cell quiescence, and it functions in part through suppressing Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Han
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Alvaro Villarreal-Ponce
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Guadalupe Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Benjamin Sui
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Lab, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine I, University, Erlangen-Nuernberg Glueckstr. 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kazuhide Watanabe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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24
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Chen W, Jiang J, Wang Y, Feng G, Fei Y, Cheng S, Lin S. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs)-Derived miR-200c Regulates Wingless-Related Integration Site (Wnt)/ β-Catenin Signaling in Prostate Cancer by Targeting Cortactin (CTTN). J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are an integral part of cancer microenvironment. We intend to clarify BMSC-derived exosomes’ role in prostate cancer. The exosomes miR-200c secreted by BMSCs were identified by electron microscopy. The mice tumor model was used
to explore the role of miR-200c’s in tumor mice. Cell invasion was assessed by transwell assay and Wnt/β-catenin expression was measured by western blot. Exosomes miR-200c derived from BMSCs promoted tumor cell invasion and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. miR-200c
targets CTTN-mediated cell signal transduction, and blocking CTTN expression can suppression miR-200c-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction and inhibit cell invasion. In conclusion, miR-200c regulates CTTN, thereby inducing Wnt/β-catenin signaling to enhance tumor
growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Puai Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430033, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Urology, The No. 1 Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Urology, The No. 1 Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Puai Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430033, China
| | - Yan Fei
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Puai Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430033, China
| | - Shigang Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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25
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Wu F, Li B, Hu X, Yu F, Shi Y, Ye L. Wnt7b Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis via AKT Activation and Glucose Metabolic Rewiring. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:771336. [PMID: 34881243 PMCID: PMC8645835 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.771336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption causes osteoporosis, which leads to severe bone fractures. It is known that increases in osteoclast numbers and activities are the main reasons for increasing bone resorption. Although extensive studies have investigated the regulation of osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), new pharmacological avenues still need to be unveiled for clinical purpose. Wnt ligands have been widely demonstrated as stimulators of bone formation; however, the inhibitory effect of the Wnt pathway in osteoclastogenesis is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Wnt7b, a potent Wnt ligand that enhances bone formation and increases bone mass, also abolishes osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Importantly, enforced expression of Wnt in bone marrow macrophage lineage cells significantly disrupts osteoclast formation and activity, which leads to a dramatic increase in bone mass. Mechanistically, Wnt7b impacts the glucose metabolic process and AKT activation during osteoclastogenesis. Thus, we demonstrate that Wnt7b diminishes osteoclast formation, which will be beneficial for osteoporosis therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Boer Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuchen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Bou-Rouphael J, Durand BC. T-Cell Factors as Transcriptional Inhibitors: Activities and Regulations in Vertebrate Head Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:784998. [PMID: 34901027 PMCID: PMC8651982 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first discovery in the late 90s, Wnt canonical signaling has been demonstrated to affect a large variety of neural developmental processes, including, but not limited to, embryonic axis formation, neural proliferation, fate determination, and maintenance of neural stem cells. For decades, studies have focused on the mechanisms controlling the activity of β-catenin, the sole mediator of Wnt transcriptional response. More recently, the spotlight of research is directed towards the last cascade component, the T-cell factor (TCF)/Lymphoid-Enhancer binding Factor (LEF), and more specifically, the TCF/LEF-mediated switch from transcriptional activation to repression, which in both embryonic blastomeres and mouse embryonic stem cells pushes the balance from pluri/multipotency towards differentiation. It has been long known that Groucho/Transducin-Like Enhancer of split (Gro/TLE) is the main co-repressor partner of TCF/LEF. More recently, other TCF/LEF-interacting partners have been identified, including the pro-neural BarH-Like 2 (BARHL2), which belongs to the evolutionary highly conserved family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. This review describes the activities and regulatory modes of TCF/LEF as transcriptional repressors, with a specific focus on the functions of Barhl2 in vertebrate brain development. Specific attention is given to the transcriptional events leading to formation of the Organizer, as well as the roles and regulations of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in growth of the caudal forebrain. We present TCF/LEF activities in both embryonic and neural stem cells and discuss how alterations of this pathway could lead to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Béatrice C. Durand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, IBPS Developmental Biology Laboratory, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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27
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Heino S, Fang S, Lähde M, Högström J, Nassiri S, Campbell A, Flanagan D, Raven A, Hodder M, Nasreddin N, Xue HH, Delorenzi M, Leedham S, Petrova TV, Sansom O, Alitalo K. Lef1 restricts ectopic crypt formation and tumor cell growth in intestinal adenomas. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj0512. [PMID: 34788095 PMCID: PMC8598008 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in APC or CTNNB1 genes lead to aberrant Wnt signaling and colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression via-catenin–T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor TCF/LEF transcription factors. We found that Lef1 was expressed exclusively in Apc-mutant, Wnt ligand–independent tumors, but not in ligand-dependent, serrated tumors. To analyze Lef1 function in tumor development, we conditionally deleted Lef1 in intestinal stem cells of Apcfl/fl mice or broadly from the entire intestinal epithelium of Apcfl/fl or ApcMin/+ mice. Loss of Lef1 markedly increased tumor initiation and tumor cell proliferation, reduced the expression of several Wnt antagonists, and increased Myc proto-oncogene expression and formation of ectopic crypts in Apc-mutant adenomas. Our results uncover a previously unknown negative feedback mechanism in CRC, in which ectopic Lef1 expression suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis by restricting adenoma cell dedifferentiation to a crypt-progenitor phenotype and by reducing the formation of cancer stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Heino
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (CAN-PRO), iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship and Wihuri Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shentong Fang
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (CAN-PRO), iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship and Wihuri Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Marianne Lähde
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (CAN-PRO), iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship and Wihuri Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny Högström
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (CAN-PRO), iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship and Wihuri Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sina Nassiri
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Dustin Flanagan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Alexander Raven
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Michael Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Nadia Nasreddin
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Simon Leedham
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tatiana V. Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Owen Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (CAN-PRO), iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship and Wihuri Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling acts cell-autonomously to promote cardiomyocyte regeneration in the zebrafish heart. Dev Biol 2021; 481:226-237. [PMID: 34748730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish can achieve scar-free healing of heart injuries, and robustly replace all cardiomyocytes lost to injury via dedifferentiation and proliferation of mature cardiomyocytes. Previous studies suggested that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is active in the injured zebrafish heart, where it induces fibrosis and prevents cardiomyocyte cell cycling. Here, via targeting the destruction complex of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with pharmacological and genetic tools, we demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin activity is required for cardiomyocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation, as well as for maturation of the scar during regeneration. Using cardiomyocyte-specific conditional inhibition of the pathway, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signaling acts cell-autonomously to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our results stand in contrast to previous reports and rather support a model in which Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a positive role during heart regeneration in zebrafish.
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29
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Scheibner K, Schirge S, Burtscher I, Büttner M, Sterr M, Yang D, Böttcher A, Ansarullah, Irmler M, Beckers J, Cernilogar FM, Schotta G, Theis FJ, Lickert H. Epithelial cell plasticity drives endoderm formation during gastrulation. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:692-703. [PMID: 34168324 PMCID: PMC8277579 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that epiblast cells ingress into the primitive streak by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to give rise to the mesoderm; however, it is less clear how the endoderm acquires an epithelial fate. Here, we used embryonic stem cell and mouse embryo knock-in reporter systems to combine time-resolved lineage labelling with high-resolution single-cell transcriptomics. This allowed us to resolve the morphogenetic programs that segregate the mesoderm from the endoderm germ layer. Strikingly, while the mesoderm is formed by classical EMT, the endoderm is formed independent of the key EMT transcription factor Snail1 by mechanisms of epithelial cell plasticity. Importantly, forkhead box transcription factor A2 (Foxa2) acts as an epithelial gatekeeper and EMT suppressor to shield the endoderm from undergoing a mesenchymal transition. Altogether, these results not only establish the morphogenetic details of germ layer formation, but also have broader implications for stem cell differentiation and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Schirge
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Maren Büttner
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Dapeng Yang
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Ansarullah
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Filippo M Cernilogar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schotta
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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30
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Zhang J, Cohen A, Shen B, Du L, Tasdogan A, Zhao Z, Shane EJ, Morrison SJ. The effect of parathyroid hormone on osteogenesis is mediated partly by osteolectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2026176118. [PMID: 34140410 PMCID: PMC8237660 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026176118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously described a new osteogenic growth factor, osteolectin/Clec11a, which is required for the maintenance of skeletal bone mass during adulthood. Osteolectin binds to Integrin α11 (Itga11), promoting Wnt pathway activation and osteogenic differentiation by leptin receptor+ (LepR+) stromal cells in the bone marrow. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and sclerostin inhibitor (SOSTi) are bone anabolic agents that are administered to patients with osteoporosis. Here we tested whether osteolectin mediates the effects of PTH or SOSTi on bone formation. We discovered that PTH promoted Osteolectin expression by bone marrow stromal cells within hours of administration and that PTH treatment increased serum osteolectin levels in mice and humans. Osteolectin deficiency in mice attenuated Wnt pathway activation by PTH in bone marrow stromal cells and reduced the osteogenic response to PTH in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, SOSTi did not affect serum osteolectin levels and osteolectin was not required for SOSTi-induced bone formation. Combined administration of osteolectin and PTH, but not osteolectin and SOSTi, additively increased bone volume. PTH thus promotes osteolectin expression and osteolectin mediates part of the effect of PTH on bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Zhang
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Adi Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Bo Shen
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Liming Du
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Alpaslan Tasdogan
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Elizabeth J Shane
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Sean J Morrison
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235;
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
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31
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Choi BR, Cave C, Na CH, Sockanathan S. GDE2-Dependent Activation of Canonical Wnt Signaling in Neurons Regulates Oligodendrocyte Maturation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107540. [PMID: 32375055 PMCID: PMC7254694 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons and oligodendrocytes communicate to regulate oligodendrocyte development and ensure appropriate axonal myelination. Here, we show that Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDE2) signaling underlies a neuronal pathway that promotes oligodendrocyte maturation through the release of soluble neuronally derived factors. Mice lacking global or neuronal GDE2 expression have reduced mature oligodendrocytes and myelin proteins but retain normal numbers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Wild-type (WT) OPCs cultured in conditioned medium (CM) from Gde2-null (Gde2KO) neurons exhibit delayed maturation, recapitulating in vivo phenotypes. Gde2KO neurons show robust reduction in canonical Wnt signaling, and genetic activation of Wnt signaling in Gde2KO neurons rescues in vivo and in vitro oligodendrocyte maturation. Phosphacan, a known stimulant of oligodendrocyte maturation, is reduced in CM from Gde2KO neurons but is restored when Wnt signaling is activated. These studies identify GDE2 control of Wnt signaling as a neuronal pathway that signals to oligodendroglia to promote oligodendrocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ran Choi
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, PCTB 1004, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Clinton Cave
- Neuroscience Program, Middlebury College, 276 Bicentennial Way, MBH 351, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, MRB 753, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shanthini Sockanathan
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, PCTB 1004, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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32
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Kaiser K, Jang A, Kompanikova P, Lun MP, Prochazka J, Machon O, Dani N, Prochazkova M, Laurent B, Gyllborg D, van Amerongen R, Fame RM, Gupta S, Wu F, Barker RA, Bukova I, Sedlacek R, Kozmik Z, Arenas E, Lehtinen MK, Bryja V. MEIS-WNT5A axis regulates development of fourth ventricle choroid plexus. Development 2021; 148:268365. [PMID: 34032267 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) produces cerebrospinal fluid and forms an essential brain barrier. ChP tissues form in each brain ventricle, each one adopting a distinct shape, but remarkably little is known about the mechanisms underlying ChP development. Here, we show that epithelial WNT5A is crucial for determining fourth ventricle (4V) ChP morphogenesis and size in mouse. Systemic Wnt5a knockout, or forced Wnt5a overexpression beginning at embryonic day 10.5, profoundly reduced ChP size and development. However, Wnt5a expression was enriched in Foxj1-positive epithelial cells of 4V ChP plexus, and its conditional deletion in these cells affected the branched, villous morphology of the 4V ChP. We found that WNT5A was enriched in epithelial cells localized to the distal tips of 4V ChP villi, where WNT5A acted locally to activate non-canonical WNT signaling via ROR1 and ROR2 receptors. During 4V ChP development, MEIS1 bound to the proximal Wnt5a promoter, and gain- and loss-of-function approaches demonstrated that MEIS1 regulated Wnt5a expression. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a dual function of WNT5A in ChP development and identify MEIS transcription factors as upstream regulators of Wnt5a in the 4V ChP epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kaiser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Ahram Jang
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Petra Kompanikova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Melody P Lun
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Machon
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Neil Dani
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michaela Prochazkova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Benoit Laurent
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC 75361, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC 75281, Canada
| | - Daniel Gyllborg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Renee van Amerongen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suhasini Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and WT-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Ivana Bukova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Kozmik
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
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33
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Erbilgin Y, Hatirnaz Ng O, Can I, Firtina S, Kucukcankurt F, Karaman S, Karakas Z, Celkan TT, Zengin E, Aylan Gelen S, Nihal Ozdemir G, Yildirmak Y, Dogru O, Tansel T, Khodzhaev K, Toluk O, Ozbek U, Sayitoglu M. Prognostic evidence of LEF1 isoforms in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:1093-1103. [PMID: 33844466 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) is a DNA-binding transcription factor that functions in the Wnt signaling pathway. Increased LEF1 activity is associated with progression of several types of cancer including leukemia. Here, we investigated LEF1 isoform expression and genomic variations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS LEF1 isoform expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR in 87 newly diagnosed childhood ALL patients and controls. Moreover, Western blot analysis was performed for detection of LEF1 expression and the hotspot region of LEF1 was screened by deep sequencing. RESULTS The LEF1 mRNA expression of B cell ALL patients was higher than the controls (LEF1-total P = .011, LEF1-long P = .026). Moreover, B-ALL samples showing higher total LEF1 expression had significantly shorter relapse-free survival (P = .008) and overall survival (P = .011). Although full-length LEF1 expression was similar to the controls in T-ALL, 50% (n = 15) of the ALL patients had increased full-length LEF1 protein expression. Imbalance between short- and full-length LEF1 isoforms may lead to cell survival in ALL. Beside the LEF1 activation, LEF1 gene variations were rarely observed in our cohort. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the Wnt pathway may have a pathogenic function in a group of ALL patients and high LEF1-total expression might be a marker for shorter relapse-free survival time in B cell ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucel Erbilgin
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozden Hatirnaz Ng
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Can
- Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Firtina
- Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fulya Kucukcankurt
- Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Karaman
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Karakas
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulin Tiraje Celkan
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Zengin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sema Aylan Gelen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gul Nihal Ozdemir
- Pediatric Hematology Division, Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yildiz Yildirmak
- Pediatric Hematology Division, Ministry of Health Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Dogru
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turkan Tansel
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Khusan Khodzhaev
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Toluk
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ozbek
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muge Sayitoglu
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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34
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Chan SC, Hajarnis SS, Vrba SM, Patel V, Igarashi P. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β suppresses canonical Wnt signaling through transcriptional repression of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17560-17572. [PMID: 33453998 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) is a tissue-specific transcription factor that is required for normal kidney development and renal epithelial differentiation. Mutations of HNF-1β produce congenital kidney abnormalities and inherited renal tubulopathies. Here, we show that ablation of HNF-1β in mIMCD3 renal epithelial cells results in activation of β-catenin and increased expression of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1), a downstream effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Increased expression and nuclear localization of LEF1 are also observed in cystic kidneys from Hnf1b mutant mice. Expression of dominant-negative mutant HNF-1β in mIMCD3 cells produces hyperresponsiveness to exogenous Wnt ligands, which is inhibited by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Lef1. WT HNF-1β binds to two evolutionarily conserved sites located 94 and 30 kb from the mouse Lef1 promoter. Ablation of HNF-1β decreases H3K27 trimethylation repressive marks and increases β-catenin occupancy at a site 4 kb upstream to Lef1. Mechanistically, WT HNF-1β recruits the polycomb-repressive complex 2 that catalyzes H3K27 trimethylation. Deletion of the β-catenin-binding domain of LEF1 in HNF-1β-deficient cells abolishes the increase in Lef1 transcription and decreases the expression of downstream Wnt target genes. The canonical Wnt target gene, Axin2, is also a direct transcriptional target of HNF-1β through binding to negative regulatory elements in the gene promoter. These findings demonstrate that HNF-1β regulates canonical Wnt target genes through long-range effects on histone methylation at Wnt enhancers and reveal a new mode of active transcriptional repression by HNF-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Chiu Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sachin S Hajarnis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sophia M Vrba
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vishal Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Igarashi
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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35
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Gagliardi S, Morasso C, Stivaktakis P, Pandini C, Tinelli V, Tsatsakis A, Prosperi D, Hickey M, Corsi F, Cereda C. Curcumin Formulations and Trials: What's New in Neurological Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225389. [PMID: 33217959 PMCID: PMC7698610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin’s pharmacological properties and its possible benefits for neurological diseases and dementia have been much debated. In vitro experiments show that curcumin modulates several key physiological pathways of importance for neurology. However, in vivo studies have not always matched expectations. Thus, improved formulations of curcumin are emerging as powerful tools in overcoming the bioavailability and stability limitations of curcumin. New studies in animal models and recent double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials using some of these new formulations are finally beginning to show that curcumin could be used for the treatment of cognitive decline. Ultimately, this work could ease the burden caused by a group of diseases that are becoming a global emergency because of the unprecedented growth in the number of people aged 65 and over worldwide. In this review, we discuss curcumin’s main mechanisms of action and also data from in vivo experiments on the effects of curcumin on cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Post Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlo Morasso
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (V.T.); (D.P.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Cecilia Pandini
- Genomic and Post Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.P.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Veronica Tinelli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (V.T.); (D.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (P.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Davide Prosperi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (V.T.); (D.P.); (F.C.)
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Hickey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (V.T.); (D.P.); (F.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382380348
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36
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Ragusa S, Prat-Luri B, González-Loyola A, Nassiri S, Squadrito ML, Guichard A, Cavin S, Gjorevski N, Barras D, Marra G, Lutolf MP, Perentes J, Corse E, Bianchi R, Wetterwald L, Kim J, Oliver G, Delorenzi M, De Palma M, Petrova TV. Antiangiogenic immunotherapy suppresses desmoplastic and chemoresistant intestinal tumors in mice. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1199-1216. [PMID: 32015230 DOI: 10.1172/jci129558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in APC promote colorectal cancer (CRC) progression through uncontrolled WNT signaling. Patients with desmoplastic CRC have a significantly worse prognosis and do not benefit from chemotherapy, but the mechanisms underlying the differential responses of APC-mutant CRCs to chemotherapy are not well understood. We report that expression of the transcription factor prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) was reduced in desmoplastic APC-mutant human CRCs. In genetic Apc-mutant mouse models, loss of Prox1 promoted the growth of desmoplastic, angiogenic, and immunologically silent tumors through derepression of Mmp14. Although chemotherapy inhibited Prox1-proficient tumors, it promoted further stromal activation, angiogenesis, and invasion in Prox1-deficient tumors. Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) combined with CD40 agonistic antibodies promoted antiangiogenic and immunostimulatory reprogramming of Prox1-deficient tumors, destroyed tumor fibrosis, and unleashed T cell-mediated killing of cancer cells. These results pinpoint the mechanistic basis of chemotherapy-induced hyperprogression and illustrate a therapeutic strategy for chemoresistant and desmoplastic CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ragusa
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Borja Prat-Luri
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alejandra González-Loyola
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sina Nassiri
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Leonardo Squadrito
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alan Guichard
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Cavin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nikolce Gjorevski
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Barras
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giancarlo Marra
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Perentes
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emily Corse
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Laureline Wetterwald
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jaeryung Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Söderholm S, Cantù C. The WNT/β‐catenin dependent transcription: A tissue‐specific business. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1511. [PMID: 33085215 PMCID: PMC9285942 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β‐catenin‐mediated Wnt signaling is an ancient cell‐communication pathway in which β‐catenin drives the expression of certain genes as a consequence of the trigger given by extracellular WNT molecules. The events occurring from signal to transcription are evolutionarily conserved, and their final output orchestrates countless processes during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Importantly, a dysfunctional Wnt/β‐catenin pathway causes developmental malformations, and its aberrant activation is the root of several types of cancer. A rich literature describes the multitude of nuclear players that cooperate with β‐catenin to generate a transcriptional program. However, a unified theory of how β‐catenin drives target gene expression is still missing. We will discuss two types of β‐catenin interactors: transcription factors that allow β‐catenin to localize at target regions on the DNA, and transcriptional co‐factors that ultimately activate gene expression. In contrast to the presumed universality of β‐catenin's action, the ensemble of available evidence suggests a view in which β‐catenin drives a complex system of responses in different cells and tissues. A malleable armamentarium of players might interact with β‐catenin in order to activate the right “canonical” targets in each tissue, developmental stage, or disease context. Discovering the mechanism by which each tissue‐specific β‐catenin response is executed will be crucial to comprehend how a seemingly universal pathway fosters a wide spectrum of processes during development and homeostasis. Perhaps more importantly, this could ultimately inform us about which are the tumor‐specific components that need to be targeted to dampen the activity of oncogenic β‐catenin. This article is categorized under:Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Cancer > Stem Cells and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Söderholm
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Health Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Health Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden
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38
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Xie Q, Tang T, Pang J, Xu J, Yang X, Wang L, Huang Y, Huang Z, Liu G, Tong D, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang D, Lan W, Liu Q, Jiang J. LSD1 Promotes Bladder Cancer Progression by Upregulating LEF1 and Enhancing EMT. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1234. [PMID: 32850370 PMCID: PMC7399223 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the important underlying molecular mechanisms for most types of cancers including bladder cancer. The precise underlying molecular mechanism in EMT-mediated bladder cancer progression is far from completed. LSD1, a histone lysine-specific demethylase, is known to promote cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. We found in this study that LSD1 is highly upregulated in bladder cancer specimens, especially those underwent chemotherapy, and the elevated levels of LSD1 are highly associated with bladder cancer grades, metastasis status, and prognosis. Inhibiting or knockdown LSD1 repressed not only EMT process but also cancer progression. Mechanistically, LSD1 complexes with β-catenin to transcriptionally upregulate LEF1 and subsequently enhances EMT-mediated cancer progression. More importantly, LSD1 specific inhibitor GSK2879552 is capable of repressing tumor progression in patient-derived tumor xenograft. These findings altogether suggest that LSD1 can serve as not only a prognostic biomarker but also a promising therapeutic target in bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiubo Xie
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tang Tang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Pang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingxia Yang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linang Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuowei Huang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaolei Liu
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dali Tong
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luofu Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Weihua Lan
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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39
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Zhang C, Wei S, Sun WP, Teng K, Dai MM, Wang FW, Chen JW, Ling H, Ma XD, Feng ZH, Duan JL, Cai MY, Xie D. Super-enhancer-driven AJUBA is activated by TCF4 and involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9066-9082. [PMID: 32802179 PMCID: PMC7415796 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Aberrant transcriptional programs are highly regulated processes that play important roles in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Emerging evidence suggests that super-enhancers (SEs) often drive critical oncogene expression. However, SE-associated genes in HCC pathogenesis are still poorly understood. Methods: We performed integrative ChIP-seq and Hi-C analyses of HCC cells and identified ajuba LIM protein (AJUBA) as a SE-associated gene. We evaluated AJUBA expression in HCC using immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and qRT-PCR. ChIP and luciferase reporter assays were performed to demonstrate that transcription factor 4 (TCF4) bound to AJUBA-associated SEs. We then assessed the role of AJUBA in HCC using both in vitro and in vivo assays. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was examined using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. Furthermore, we used immunoprecipitation and BiFC assays to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results: We identified AJUBA as a SE-associated oncogene in HCC regulated by TCF4. High AJUBA expression was related to an aggressive phenotype and unfavorable outcome in HCC patients. AJUBA knockdown significantly reduced cell migration and invasion capacities both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, AJUBA overexpression in HCC recruited tumor necrosis factor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt and increasing Akt activity toward GSK-3β, thus promoting EMT. Conclusions: Our results provide functional and mechanistic links between the SE-associated gene AJUBA and tumor EMT in aggressive HCC.
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40
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Koth ML, Garcia-Moreno SA, Novak A, Holthusen KA, Kothandapani A, Jiang K, Taketo MM, Nicol B, Yao HHC, Futtner CR, Maatouk DM, Jorgensen JS. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin activity and differential epigenetic marks direct sexually dimorphic regulation of Irx3 and Irx5 in developing mouse gonads. Development 2020; 147:dev183814. [PMID: 32108023 PMCID: PMC7132837 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Iroquois B (IrxB) homeodomain cluster genes, specifically Irx3 and Irx5, are crucial for heart, limb and bone development. Recently, we reported their importance for oocyte and follicle survival within the developing ovary. Irx3 and Irx5 expression begins after sex determination in the ovary but remains absent in the fetal testis. Mutually antagonistic molecular signals ensure ovary versus testis differentiation with canonical Wnt/β-catenin signals paramount for promoting the ovary pathway. Notably, few direct downstream targets have been identified. We report that Wnt/β-catenin signaling directly stimulates Irx3 and Irx5 transcription in the developing ovary. Using in silico analysis of ATAC- and ChIP-Seq databases in conjunction with mouse gonad explant transfection assays, we identified TCF/LEF-binding sequences within two distal enhancers of the IrxB locus that promote β-catenin-responsive ovary expression. Meanwhile, Irx3 and Irx5 transcription is suppressed within the developing testis by the presence of H3K27me3 on these same sites. Thus, we resolved sexually dimorphic regulation of Irx3 and Irx5 via epigenetic and β-catenin transcriptional control where their ovarian presence promotes oocyte and follicle survival vital for future ovarian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Koth
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Annie Novak
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kirsten A Holthusen
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Anbarasi Kothandapani
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Keer Jiang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Barbara Nicol
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Humphrey H-C Yao
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Christopher R Futtner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Danielle M Maatouk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joan S Jorgensen
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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41
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Sasaki B, Uemoto S, Kawaguchi Y. Transient FOXO1 inhibition in pancreatic endoderm promotes the generation of NGN3+ endocrine precursors from human iPSCs. Stem Cell Res 2020; 44:101754. [PMID: 32179491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the multi-step differentiation protocol used to generate pancreatic endocrine cells from human pluripotent stem cells, the induction of NGN3+ endocrine precursors from the PDX1+/NKX6.1+ pancreatic endoderm is crucial for efficient endocrine cell production. Here, we demonstrate that transient, not prolonged FOXO1 inhibition results in enhanced NGN3+ endocrine precursors and hormone-producing cell production. FOXO1 inhibition does not directly induce NGN3 expression but stimulates PDX1+/NKX6.1+ cell proliferation. NOTCH activity, whose suppression is important for Ngn3 expression, is not suppressed but Wnt signaling is stimulated by FOXO1 inhibition. Reversely, Wnt inhibition suppresses the effects of FOXO1 inhibitor. These findings indicate that FOXO1 and Wnt are involved in regulating the proliferation of PDX1+/NKX6.1+ pancreatic endoderm that gives rise to NGN3+ endocrine precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sasaki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Kawaguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Young RM, Ewan KB, Ferrer VP, Allende ML, Godovac-Zimmermann J, Dale TC, Wilson SW. Developmentally regulated Tcf7l2 splice variants mediate transcriptional repressor functions during eye formation. eLife 2019; 8:e51447. [PMID: 31829936 PMCID: PMC6908431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tcf7l2 mediates Wnt/β-Catenin signalling during development and is implicated in cancer and type-2 diabetes. The mechanisms by which Tcf7l2 and Wnt/β-Catenin signalling elicit such a diversity of biological outcomes are poorly understood. Here, we study the function of zebrafish tcf7l2alternative splice variants and show that only variants that include exon five or an analogous human tcf7l2 variant can effectively provide compensatory repressor function to restore eye formation in embryos lacking tcf7l1a/tcf7l1b function. Knockdown of exon five specific tcf7l2 variants in tcf7l1a mutants also compromises eye formation, and these variants can effectively repress Wnt pathway activity in reporter assays using Wnt target gene promoters. We show that the repressive activities of exon5-coded variants are likely explained by their interaction with Tle co-repressors. Furthermore, phosphorylated residues in Tcf7l2 coded exon5 facilitate repressor activity. Our studies suggest that developmentally regulated splicing of tcf7l2 can influence the transcriptional output of the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Young
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kenneth B Ewan
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Miguel L Allende
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - Trevor C Dale
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUCLLondonUnited Kingdom
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43
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Hao YH, Lafita-Navarro MC, Zacharias L, Borenstein-Auerbach N, Kim M, Barnes S, Kim J, Shay J, DeBerardinis RJ, Conacci-Sorrell M. Induction of LEF1 by MYC activates the WNT pathway and maintains cell proliferation. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:129. [PMID: 31623618 PMCID: PMC6798382 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While regulated WNT activity is required for normal development and stem cell maintenance, mutations that lead to constitutive activation of the WNT pathway cause cellular transformation and drive colorectal cancer. Activation of the WNT pathway ultimately leads to the nuclear translocation of β-catenin which, in complex with TCF/LEF factors, promotes the transcription of genes necessary for growth. The proto-oncogene MYC is one of the most critical genes activated downstream the WNT pathway in colon cancer. Here, we investigate the converse regulation of the WNT pathway by MYC. Methods We performed RNA-seq analyses to identify genes regulated in cells expressing MYC. We validated the regulation of genes in the WNT pathway including LEF1 by MYC using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and ChIP-seq. We investigated the importance of LEF1 for the viability of MYC-expressing cells in in fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and colon cells. Bioinformatic analyses were utilized to define the expression of MYC-regulated genes in human colon cancer and metabolomics analyses were used to identify pathways regulated by LEF1 in MYC expressing cells. Results MYC regulates the levels of numerous WNT-related genes, including the β-catenin co-transcription factor LEF1. MYC activates the transcription of LEF1 and is required for LEF1 expression in colon cancer cells and in primary colonic cells transformed by APC loss of function, a common mutation in colon cancer patients. LEF1 caused the retention of β-catenin in the nucleus, leading to the activation of the WNT pathway in MYC-expressing cells. Consequently, MYC-expressing cells were sensitive to LEF1 inhibition. Moreover, we describe two examples of genes induced in MYC-expressing cells that require LEF1 activity: the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARδ) and the Acyl CoA dehydrogenase 9 (ACAD9). Conclusions We demonstrated that MYC is a transcriptional regulator of LEF1 in colonic cells. Our work proposes a novel pathway by which MYC regulates proliferation through activating LEF1 expression which in turn activates the WNT pathway. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Hao
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | | | - Lauren Zacharias
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | | | - Min Kim
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Spencer Barnes
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jerry Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 76092, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 76092, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 76092, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 76092, TX, USA.
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Hung CC, Chaya A, Liu K, Verdelis K, Sfeir C. The role of magnesium ions in bone regeneration involves the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Acta Biomater 2019; 98:246-255. [PMID: 31181262 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg)-based implants have become of interest to both academia and the medical industry. The attraction largely is due to Mg's biodegradability and ability to enhance bone healing and formation. However, the underlying mechanism of how Mg regulates osteogenesis is still unclear. Based on our previous in vivo and molecular signaling work demonstrating the osteogenic effect of Mg, the current study aims to extend this work at the molecular level especially that we also observed and quantified mineral deposits in the bone marrow space in a rabbit ulna fracture model with Mg plates and screws. Histological analysis and quantitative results of micro-CT showed mineralized deposition and a significant increase in bone volume at 8 weeks and 16 weeks post-operative. These in vivo results led us to focus on studying the effect of Mg2+ on human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). The data presented in this manuscript demonstrate the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in hBMSCs when treated with 10 mM Mg2+. With additional Mg2+ present, the protein expression of active β-catenin was significantly increased to a level similar to that of the positive control. Immunocytochemistry and the increased expression of LEF1 and Dkk1, downstream target genes that are controlled directly by active β-catenin, demonstrated the protein translocation and the activation of transcription. Taken together, these data suggest that Mg2+ induces an osteogenic effect in the bone marrow space by activating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which in turn causes BMSCs to differentiate toward the osteoblast lineage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys are being studied to be used in the field of implantable medical devices due to its natural biodegradability and the potential ability to promote bone regeneration. Despite many in vivo studies that demonstrated an increased new bone growth by implanting Mg-based devices, the underlying mechanism of this effect is still unclear. In order to safely use Mg-based implants on human and better control the osteogenic effect, it is necessary to understand the corresponding cellular response in the targeted area. The present study provides the rationale to study Mg ions on bone marrow stromal cells and shows the activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that promotes osteogenesis by in vivo and in vitro approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chih Hung
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy Chaya
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Verdelis
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Endodontics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles Sfeir
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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NRARP displays either pro- or anti-tumoral roles in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia depending on Notch and Wnt signaling. Oncogene 2019; 39:975-986. [PMID: 31586130 PMCID: PMC6989401 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with a dismal prognosis in patients with resistant or relapsed disease. Although NOTCH is a known driver in T-ALL, its clinical inhibition has significant limitations. Our previous studies suggested that NRARP, a negative regulator of Notch signaling, could have a suppressive role in T-ALL. Here, we report that NRARP levels are significantly increased in primary T-ALL cells suggesting that NRARP is not sufficient to block NOTCH oncogenic signals. Interestingly, although NRARP overexpression blocks NOTCH1 signaling and delays the proliferation of T-ALL cells that display high levels of Notch1 signaling, it promotes the expansion of T-ALL cells with lower levels of Notch1 activity. We found that NRARP interacts with lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) and potentiates Wnt signaling in T-ALL cells with low levels of Notch. Together these results indicate that NRARP plays a dual role in T-ALL pathogenesis, regulating both Notch and Wnt pathways, with opposite functional effects depending on Notch activity. Consistent with this hypothesis, mice transplanted with T-cells co-expressing NOTCH1 and NRARP develop leukemia later than mice transplanted with T-NOTCH1 cells. Importantly, mice transplanted with T-cells overexpressing NRARP alone developed leukemia with similar kinetics to those transplanted with T-NOTCH1 cells. Our findings uncover a role for NRARP in T-ALL pathogenesis and indicate that Notch inhibition may be detrimental for patients with low levels of Notch signaling, which would likely benefit from the use of Wnt signaling inhibitors. Importantly, our findings may extend to other cancers where Notch and Wnt play a role.
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Effects of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitor TWS119 on Proliferation and Cytokine Production of TILs From Human Lung Cancer. J Immunother 2019; 41:319-328. [PMID: 29877972 PMCID: PMC6092086 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway arrests the differentiation of T cells and plays an important role in phenotypic maintenance of naive T cells and stem cell-like memory T cells in human peripheral blood, but its effect on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from non-small cell lung cancer is little known. In this study, we showed that glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor TWS119 has different effects on CD4 and CD8 T cells in TILs. TWS119 preserved the expansion of naive T cell and CD8 stem cell-like memory T cells, and induced CD8 effector T-cell proliferation in TILs. To further determine whether TWS119 impaired the effector function of TILs, TILs were stimulated with polyclonal stimulation, IL-2 and IFN-γ production were detected. Our data showed that TWS119 does not affect the production of IFN-γ in TILs compared with the control group; whereas TWS119 inhibited IFN-γ secretion of T cells from healthy donor. IL-2 production in CD4 central memory T cells and CD4 effector memory T cells from TILs was significantly increased with the TWS119 treatment; TWS119 also promoted the secretion of IL-2 in all cell subsets of CD8 TILs. These findings reveal that TWS119 has a distinct effect on the proliferation and cytokine production of TILs, and provide new insights into the clinical application of TILs with TWS119 treatment for the adoptive immunotherapy.
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Shono T, Thiery AP, Cooper RL, Kurokawa D, Britz R, Okabe M, Fraser GJ. Evolution and Developmental Diversity of Skin Spines in Pufferfishes. iScience 2019; 19:1248-1259. [PMID: 31353167 PMCID: PMC6831732 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost fishes develop remarkable varieties of skin ornaments. The developmental basis of these structures is poorly understood. The order Tetraodontiformes includes diverse fishes such as the ocean sunfishes, triggerfishes, and pufferfishes, which exhibit a vast assortment of scale derivatives. Pufferfishes possess some of the most extreme scale derivatives, dermal spines, erected during their characteristic puffing behavior. We demonstrate that pufferfish scale-less spines develop through conserved gene interactions that underlie general vertebrate skin appendage formation, including feathers and hair. Spine development retains conservation of the EDA (ectodysplasin) signaling pathway, important for the development of diverse vertebrate skin appendages, including these modified scale-less spines of pufferfish. Further modification of genetic signaling from both CRISPR-Cas9 and small molecule inhibition leads to loss or reduction of spine coverage, providing a mechanism for skin appendage diversification observed throughout the pufferfishes. Pufferfish spines have evolved broad variations in body coverage, enabling adaptation to diverse ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shono
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Alexandre P Thiery
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Rory L Cooper
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Daisuke Kurokawa
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
| | - Ralf Britz
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Masataka Okabe
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Gareth J Fraser
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
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Zhang S, Gao M, Yu L. GATAD1 gene amplification promotes glioma malignancy by directly regulating CCND1 transcription. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5242-5253. [PMID: 31286678 PMCID: PMC6718743 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The GATAD1 gene overexpression induced by GATAD1 amplification upregulation is detected in different human tumors. To date, the relationship between GATAD1 amplification and glioma oncogenesis and malignancy is still unknown. Methods GATAD1 gene amplification and expression were analyzed in 187 gliomas using qPCR and immunostaining. The relation of GATAD1 to patients’ prognoses was assessed via the Kaplan–Meier method. The MTT and orthotopic tumor transplantation assays were used to identify the function of GATAD1 in glioma proliferation. cDNA microarray, ChIP qPCR, EMSA and 3C were used to screen the downstream mechanism of GATAD1 regulating glioma proliferation. Results Our results indicated that GATAD1 gene amplification and GATAD1 gene expression are novel independent diagnosis biomarkers to indicate poor outcome of glioma patients. GATAD1 knockdown can remarkably suppress GBM cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. GATAD1 could promote CCND1 gene transcription by inducing long range chromatin architectural interaction on the CCND1 promoter. Then GATAD1 sequentially accelerates GBM cell cycle transition and proliferation via regulating CCND1. Conclusions We identify GATAD1 as a novel potential diagnosis biomarker and promising prognosis predictor in glioma patients. Functionally, we confirm GATAD1 as an epigenetic chromatin topological regulator that promotes glioma proliferation by targeting CCND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Transcription factor 7 promotes the progression of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma by inducing the transcription of c-Myc and FOS-like antigen 1. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:181-191. [PMID: 31248836 PMCID: PMC6642257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC) is the most common type of cholangiocarcinoma with the worst prognosis. Radical resection of PHCC is difficult; thus, few effective biomarkers or useful molecular profiles for PHCC have been reported in recent years. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess biomarkers for PHCC. Methods We screened potential biomarkers for PHCC using exome and transcriptome sequencing with PHCC tissues and paired normal tissues. Transcription factor 7 (TCF7) expression was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The correlations between TCF7 and clinicopathological factors were analyzed with Chi-square test, and the prognostic significance of TCF7 was evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. The functions of TCF7 and its main effectors in PHCC cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Findings TCF7 expression was upregulated in PHCC and was an unfavorable prognostic biomarker. c-Myc was a main effector of TCF7 in PHCC cells and modulated TCF7-induced proliferation, invasion, and migration. FOS-like antigen 1 (FOSL1) was identified as a downstream target of TCF7 and was required in TCF7-induced PHCC proliferation. Triple-positive expression of TCF7, c-Myc, and FOSL1 predicted a much worse prognosis in patients with PHCC than TCF7 expression alone. Interpretation Postoperative detection of TCF7, c-Myc, and FOSL1 may be useful for stratifying patients with a high risk of unfavorable prognosis, and suppressing TCF7 or its downstream effectors may be a promising strategy for the treatment of PHCC.
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Ji P, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Wu J, Zhou H, Quan W, Sun J, Yao Y, Shang A, Gu C, Zeng B, Firrman J, Xiao W, Bals R, Sun Z, Li D. Myeloid cell-derived LL-37 promotes lung cancer growth by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Theranostics 2019; 9:2209-2223. [PMID: 31149039 PMCID: PMC6531301 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Antimicrobial peptides, such as cathelicidin LL-37/hCAP-18, are important effectors of the innate immune system with direct antibacterial activity. In addition, LL-37 is involved in the regulation of tumor cell growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of LL-37 in promoting lung cancer are not fully understood. Methods: The expression of LL-37 in the tissues and sera of patients with non-small cell lung cancer was determined through immunohistological, immunofluorescence analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The animal model of wild-type and Cramp knockout mice was employed to evaluate the tumorigenic effect of LL-37 in non-small cell lung cancer. The mechanism of LL-37 involving in the promotion of lung tumor growth was evaluated via microarray analyses, recombinant protein treatment approaches in vitro, tumor immunohistochemical assays, and intervention studies in vivo. Results: LL-37 produced by myeloid cells was frequently upregulated in primary human lung cancer tissues. Moreover, its expression level correlated with poor clinical outcome. LL-37 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inducing the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and subsequent phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β mediated by the toll-like receptor-4 expressed in lung tumor cells. LL-37 treatment of tumor cells also decreased the levels of Axin2. In contrast, it elevated those of an RNA-binding protein (tristetraprolin), which may be involved in the mechanism through which LL-37 induces activation of Wnt/β-catenin. Conclusion: LL-37 may be a critical molecular link between tumor-supportive immune cells and tumors, facilitating the progression of lung cancer.
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