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Böhi F, Hottiger MO. Expanding the Perspective on PARP1 and Its Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: From DNA Damage Repair to Immunomodulation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1617. [PMID: 39062190 PMCID: PMC11275100 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of PARP inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for tumors with high genomic instability, particularly those harboring BRCA mutations, has advanced cancer treatment. However, recent advances have illuminated a multifaceted role of PARP1 beyond its canonical function in DNA damage repair. This review explores the expanding roles of PARP1, highlighting its crucial interplay with the immune system during tumorigenesis. We discuss PARP1's immunomodulatory effects in macrophages and T cells, with a particular focus on cytokine expression. Understanding these immunomodulatory roles of PARP1 not only holds promise for enhancing the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy but also paves the way for novel treatment regimens targeting immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurina Böhi
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O. Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Kim M, Choi H, Jang DJ, Kim HJ, Sub Y, Gee HY, Choi C. Exploring the clinical transition of engineered exosomes designed for intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:637-647. [PMID: 38838263 PMCID: PMC11227971 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, have emerged as promising drug delivery systems owing to their unique advantages, such as biocompatibility, immune tolerability, and target specificity. Various engineering strategies have been implemented to harness these innate qualities, with a focus on enhancing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of exosomes via payload loading and surface engineering for active targeting. This concise review outlines the challenges in the development of exosomes as drug carriers and offers insights into strategies for their effective clinical translation. We also highlight preclinical studies that have successfully employed anti-inflammatory exosomes and suggest future directions for exosome therapeutics. These advancements underscore the potential for integrating exosome-based therapies into clinical practice, heralding promise for future medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hojun Choi
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Korea
| | - Deok-Jin Jang
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Korea
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | | | - Yujin Sub
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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3
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Fazazi MR, Doss PMIA, Pereira R, Fudge N, Regmi A, Joly-Beauparlant C, Akbar I, Yeola AP, Mailhot B, Baillargeon J, Grenier P, Bertrand N, Lacroix S, Droit A, Moore CS, Rojas OL, Rangachari M. Myelin-reactive B cells exacerbate CD4 + T cell-driven CNS autoimmunity in an IL-23-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5404. [PMID: 38926356 PMCID: PMC11208426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
B cells and T cells collaborate in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. IgH[MOG] mice possess a B cell repertoire skewed to recognize myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Here, we show that upon immunization with the T cell-obligate autoantigen, MOG[35-55], IgH[MOG] mice develop rapid and exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) relative to wildtype (WT) counterparts, characterized by aggregation of T and B cells in the IgH[MOG] meninges and by CD4+ T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the CNS. Production of the Th17 maintenance factor IL-23 is observed from IgH[MOG] CNS-infiltrating and meningeal B cells, and in vivo blockade of IL-23p19 attenuates disease severity in IgH[MOG] mice. In the CNS parenchyma and dura mater of IgH[MOG] mice, we observe an increased frequency of CD4+PD-1+CXCR5- T cells that share numerous characteristics with the recently described T peripheral helper (Tph) cell subset. Further, CNS-infiltrating B and Tph cells from IgH[MOG] mice show increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Meningeal inflammation, Tph-like cell accumulation in the CNS and B/Tph cell production of ROS were all reduced upon p19 blockade. Altogether, MOG-specific B cells promote autoimmune inflammation of the CNS parenchyma and meninges in an IL-23-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Reda Fazazi
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Prenitha Mercy Ignatius Arokia Doss
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Resel Pereira
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada
| | - Neva Fudge
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Aryan Regmi
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Joly-Beauparlant
- axe Endocrinologie et nephrologie, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Irshad Akbar
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Asmita Pradeep Yeola
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Mailhot
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Joanie Baillargeon
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Grenier
- axe Endocrinologie et nephrologie, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- axe Endocrinologie et nephrologie, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Steve Lacroix
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- axe Endocrinologie et nephrologie, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Olga L Rojas
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5T 0S8, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, ON, Canada
| | - Manu Rangachari
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boul Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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4
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Garton T, Gadani SP, Gill AJ, Calabresi PA. Neurodegeneration and demyelination in multiple sclerosis. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00372-6. [PMID: 38889714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is an immune-initiated neurodegenerative condition that lacks effective therapies. Although peripheral immune infiltration is a hallmark of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), PMS is associated with chronic, tissue-restricted inflammation and disease-associated reactive glial states. The effector functions of disease-associated microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells are beginning to be defined, and recent studies have made significant progress in uncovering their pathologic implications. In this review, we discuss the immune-glia interactions that underlie demyelination, failed remyelination, and neurodegeneration with a focus on PMS. We highlight the common and divergent immune mechanisms by which glial cells acquire disease-associated phenotypes. Finally, we discuss recent advances that have revealed promising novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of PMS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Garton
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sachin P Gadani
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander J Gill
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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5
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Buonvicino D, Pratesi S, Ranieri G, Pistolesi A, Guasti D, Chiarugi A. The mitochondriogenic but not the immunosuppressant effects of mTOR inhibitors prompt neuroprotection and delay disease evolution in a mouse model of progressive multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106387. [PMID: 38142841 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Purportedly, the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs when neurodegenerative processes due to derangement of axonal bioenergetics take over the autoimmune response. However, a clear picture of the causative interrelationship between autoimmunity and axonal mitochondrial dysfunction in progressive MS (PMS) pathogenesis waits to be provided. METHODS In the present study, by adopting the NOD mouse model of PMS, we compared the pharmacological effects of the immunosuppressants dexamethasone and fingolimod with those of mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and everolimus that, in addition to immunosuppression, also regulate mitochondrial functioning. Female Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice were immunized with MOG35-55 and treated with drugs to evaluate functional, immune and mitochondrial parameters during disease evolution. RESULTS We found that dexamethasone and fingolimod did not affect the pattern of progression as well as survival. Conversely, mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and everolimus delayed disease progression and robustly extended survival of immunized mice. The same effects were obtained when treatment was delayed by 30 days after immunization. Remarkably, dexamethasone and fingolimod prompted the same degree of immunosuppression of rapamycin within both spleen and spinal cord of mice. However, only rapamycin prompted mitochondriogenesis by increasing mitochondrial content, and expression of several mitochondrial respiratory complex subunits, thereby preventing mtDNA reduction in the spinal cords of immunized mice. These pharmacodynamic effects were not reproduced in healthy NOD mice, suggesting a disease context-dependent pharmacodynamic effect. DISCUSSION Data corroborate the key role of mitochondriogenesis to treatment of MS progression, and for the first time disclose the translational potential of mTOR inhibitors in PMS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Sara Pratesi
- Centre of Immunological Research DENOTHE, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pistolesi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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6
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Tripodi D, Vitarelli F, Spiti S, Leoni V. The Diagnostic Use of the Plasma Quantification of 24S-Hydroxycholesterol and Other Oxysterols in Neurodegenerative Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:337-351. [PMID: 38036888 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol regulates fluidity and structure of cellular membranes. The brain is involved in signal transduction, synaptogenesis, and membrane trafficking. An impairment of its metabolism was observed in different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer, and Huntington diseases. Because of the blood-brain barrier, cholesterol cannot be uptaken from the circulation and all the cholesterol is locally synthetized. The excess cholesterol in neurons is converted into 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24OHC) by the cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1). The plasmatic concentration of 24OHC results in the balance between cerebral production and liver elimination. It is related to the number of metabolically active neurons in the brain. Several factors that affect the brain cholesterol turnover and the liver elimination of oxysterols, the genetic background, nutrition, and lifestyle habits were found to significantly affect plasma levels of 24OHC. Reduced levels of 24OHC were found related to the loss of metabolically active cells and the degree of brain atrophy. The dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, inflammation, and increased cholesterol turnover might overlap with this progressive reduction giving temporary increased levels of 24OHC.The study of plasma 24OHC is likely to offer an insight into brain cholesterol turnover with a limited diagnostic power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tripodi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Desio, MB, Italy
| | - Federica Vitarelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Desio, MB, Italy
| | - Simona Spiti
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Desio, MB, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Desio, MB, Italy.
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7
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Wang Z, Yang H, Han Y, Teng J, Kong X, Qi X. Screening and identification of key biomarkers associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and depression using bioinformatics. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36265. [PMID: 38013317 PMCID: PMC10681454 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify common molecular biomarkers between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and depression using bioinformatics methods, in order to provide potential targets and new ideas and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Microarray datasets GSE139384, GSE35978 and GSE87610 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ALS and depression were identified. After screening for overlapping DEGs, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software, and hub genes were identified. Finally, a network between miRNAs and hub genes was constructed using the NetworkAnalyst tool, and possible key miRNAs were predicted. A total of 357 genes have been identified as common DEGs between ALS and depression. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the 357 DEGs showed that they were mainly involved in cytoplasmic translation. Further analysis of the PPI network using Cytoscape and MCODE plugins identified 6 hub genes, including mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12 (MRPS12), poly(rC) binding protein 1 (PARP1), SNRNP200, PCBP1, small G protein signaling modulator 1 (SGSM1), and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Five possible target miRNAs, including miR-221-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-30b-5p, and miR-615-3p, were predicted by constructing a miRNA-gene network. This study used bioinformatics techniques to explore the potential association between ALS and depression, and identified potential biomarkers. These biomarkers may provide new ideas and methods for the early diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of ALS and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Han
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Teng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinru Kong
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xianghua Qi
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
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8
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Ramesh S, Almeida SD, Hammigi S, Radhakrishna GK, Sireesha G, Panneerselvam T, Vellingiri S, Kunjiappan S, Ammunje DN, Pavadai P. A Review of PARP-1 Inhibitors: Assessing Emerging Prospects and Tailoring Therapeutic Strategies. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023; 73:491-505. [PMID: 37890514 DOI: 10.1055/a-2181-0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms contain an enzyme family called poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which is responsible for the poly (ADP-ribosylation) of DNA-binding proteins. PARPs are members of the cell signaling enzyme class. PARP-1, the most common isoform of the PARP family, is responsible for more than 90% of the tasks carried out by the PARP family as a whole. A superfamily consisting of 18 PARPs has been found. In order to synthesize polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) and nicotinamide, the DNA damage nick monitor PARP-1 requires NAD+ as a substrate. The capability of PARP-1 activation to boost the transcription of proinflammatory genes, its ability to deplete cellular energy pools, which leads to cell malfunction and necrosis, and its involvement as a component in the process of DNA repair are the three consequences of PARP-1 activation that are of particular significance in the process of developing new drugs. As a result, the pharmacological reduction of PARP-1 may result in an increase in the cytotoxicity toward cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundarya Ramesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shannon D Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sameerana Hammigi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Govardan Katta Radhakrishna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Golla Sireesha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shangavi Vellingiri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Damodar Nayak Ammunje
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
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9
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Xu X, Sun B, Zhao C. Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 and parthanatos in neurological diseases: From pathogenesis to therapeutic opportunities. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106314. [PMID: 37783233 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the most extensively studied member of the PARP superfamily, with its primary function being the facilitation of DNA damage repair processes. Parthanatos is a type of regulated cell death cascade initiated by PARP-1 hyperactivation, which involves multiple subroutines, including the accumulation of ADP-ribose polymers (PAR), binding of PAR and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), release of AIF from the mitochondria, the translocation of the AIF/macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) complex, and massive MIF-mediated DNA fragmentation. Over the past few decades, the role of PARP-1 in central nervous system health and disease has received increasing attention. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of PARP-1 in neural cell proliferation and differentiation, memory formation, brain ageing, and epigenetic regulation. We then elaborate on the involvement of PARP-1 and PARP-1-dependant parthanatos in various neuropathological processes, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, autophagy damage, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Additional highlight contains PARP-1's implications in the initiation, progression, and therapeutic opportunities for different neurological illnesses, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), multiple sclerosis (MS), epilepsy, and neuropathic pain (NP). Finally, emerging insights into the repurposing of PARP inhibitors for the management of neurological diseases are provided. This review aims to summarize the exciting advancements in the critical role of PARP-1 in neurological disorders, which may open new avenues for therapeutic options targeting PARP-1 or parthanatos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Big Data of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
| | - Bowen Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Big Data of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Big Data of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
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10
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Van San E, Debruyne AC, Veeckmans G, Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Zheng H, Choi SM, Augustyns K, van Loo G, Michalke B, Venkataramani V, Toyokuni S, Bayir H, Vandenabeele P, Hassannia B, Vanden Berghe T. Ferroptosis contributes to multiple sclerosis and its pharmacological targeting suppresses experimental disease progression. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2092-2103. [PMID: 37542104 PMCID: PMC10482919 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by central nervous (CNS) demyelination resulting in axonal injury and neurological deficits. Essentially, MS is driven by an auto-amplifying mechanism of inflammation and cell death. Current therapies mainly focus on disease modification by immunosuppression, while no treatment specifically focuses on controlling cell death injury. Here, we report that ferroptosis, an iron-catalyzed mode of regulated cell death (RCD), contributes to MS disease progression. Active and chronic MS lesions and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients revealed several signs of ferroptosis, reflected by the presence of elevated levels of (labile) iron, peroxidized phospholipids and lipid degradation products. Treatment with our candidate lead ferroptosis inhibitor, UAMC-3203, strongly delays relapse and ameliorates disease progression in a preclinical model of relapsing-remitting MS. In conclusion, the results identify ferroptosis as a detrimental and targetable factor in MS. These findings create novel treatment options for MS patients, along with current immunosuppressive strategies.
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Grants
- R01 NS076511 NINDS NIH HHS
- Research Foundation Flanders, G.0C76.18N, G.0B7.18N, G.0B96.20N, G049720N, G.0A93.22N (TVB, PV); Excellence of Science MODEL-IDI and CD-INFLADIS (TVB, PV, KA); Consortium of excellence at University of Antwerp INFLA-MED (KA, TVB); Industrial Research Fund (KA, TVB) and BOF-IMPULS from University of Antwerp (TVB); Foundation against cancer FAF-C/2018/1250 and F/2022/2067 (TVB); Charcot Foundation (EVS, TVB, PV); VLIRUOS TEAM2018-01-137 (TVB, PV); Research Foundation Flanders G0E0416N, G0C7618N, G0B718N, G.0B9620N (PV); FWO-SBO S001522N (TVB, KA); Flemish Institute of Biotechnology VIB (PV, TVB); Methusalem BOF16/MET_V/007 (PV); iBOF ATLANTIS grant 20/IBF/039 (PV); CRIG and GIGG consortia (PV); NIH NS076511 (HB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Van San
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent university, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angela C Debruyne
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sze Men Choi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent university, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent university, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent university, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Behrouz Hassannia
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent university, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent university, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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11
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Yılmaz B, Çakmak Genç G, Karakaş Çelik S, Pişkin N, Horuz E, Dursun A. The 3'UTR region of the DNA repair gene PARP-1 May increase the severity of COVID-19 by altering the binding of antiviral miRNAs. Virology 2023; 583:29-35. [PMID: 37087842 PMCID: PMC10110933 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 may cause the release of systemic inflammatory cytokines resulting in severe inflammation. PARP-1 has been identified as a nuclear enzyme that is activated by DNA strand breaks. It has been suggested that PARP-1 has a role in the cytokine storm shown as a cause of mortality in COVID-19, and its inhibition may adversely affect the replication of SARS -CoV-2. We aimed to investigate the relationship between PARP-1 gene polymorphisms and the clinical severity of COVID-19. rs8679 TT genotype was found to increase with the COVID-19 disease severity. The 3'UTR polymorphism rs8679 may cause PARP-1 activity as a result of viral replication increase by changing the binding site of antiviral or anti-inflammatory miRNAs. PARP-1 may affect the severity of COVID-19 by cytokine release and maybe a possible treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Güneş Çakmak Genç
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Sevim Karakaş Çelik
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Nihal Pişkin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Emre Horuz
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Dursun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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12
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Lee HG, Wheeler MA, Quintana FJ. Function and therapeutic value of astrocytes in neurological diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:339-358. [PMID: 35173313 PMCID: PMC9081171 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform diverse functions in health and disease. Astrocyte dysfunction is found in numerous diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. Astrocytes regulate glutamate and ion homeostasis, cholesterol and sphingolipid metabolism and respond to environmental factors, all of which have been implicated in neurological diseases. Astrocytes also exhibit significant heterogeneity, driven by developmental programmes and stimulus-specific cellular responses controlled by CNS location, cell-cell interactions and other mechanisms. In this Review, we highlight general mechanisms of astrocyte regulation and their potential as therapeutic targets, including drugs that alter astrocyte metabolism, and therapies that target transporters and receptors on astrocytes. Emerging ideas, such as engineered probiotics and glia-to-neuron conversion therapies, are also discussed. We further propose a concise nomenclature for astrocyte subsets that we use to highlight the roles of astrocytes and specific subsets in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Neuroprotective Effects of PARP Inhibitors in Drosophila Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081284. [PMID: 35455964 PMCID: PMC9027574 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible age-related neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by severe memory impairment, language deficits and cognitive decline. The major neuropathological hallmarks of AD include extracellular deposits of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and cytoplasmic neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The accumulation of plaques and tangles in the brain triggers a cascade of molecular events that culminate in neuronal damage and cell death. Despite extensive research, our understanding of the molecular basis of AD pathogenesis remains incomplete and a cure for this devastating disease is still not available. A growing body of evidence in different experimental models suggests that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) overactivation might be a crucial component of the molecular network of interactions responsible for AD pathogenesis. In this work, we combined genetic, molecular and biochemical approaches to investigate the effects of two different PARP-1 inhibitors (olaparib and MC2050) in Drosophila models of Alzheimer’s disease by exploring their neuroprotective and therapeutic potential in vivo. We found that both pharmacological inhibition and genetic inactivation of PARP-1 significantly extend lifespan and improve the climbing ability of transgenic AD flies. Consistently, PARP-1 inhibitors lead to a significant decrease of Aβ42 aggregates and partially rescue the epigenetic alterations associated with AD in the brain. Interestingly, olaparib and MC2050 also suppress the AD-associated aberrant activation of transposable elements in neuronal tissues of AD flies.
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14
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Yuan P, Song F, Zhu P, Fan K, Liao Q, Huang L, Liu Z. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1-mediated defective mitophagy contributes to painful diabetic neuropathy in the db/db model. J Neurochem 2022; 162:276-289. [PMID: 35263449 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) was involved in the pathological process of diabetes. Mitophagy is widely acknowledged to be a key regulatory process in maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis via lysosome degradation of damaged mitochondria. However, the regulatory role of PARP1 in mitophagy-related mitochondrial oxidative injury and progression of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is unclear. In this study, we studied the in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of PARP1-mediated mitophagy blockade in a leptin gene-mutation (db/db) mouse model of PDN. Db/db mice models of PDN were established by assessing the sciatic nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). The results showed that PARP1 activity and mitochondrial injury of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were increased, and mitophagy was impaired in PDN mice. PARP1 was found to mediate the impairment of mitophagy in DRG neurons isolated from PDN mice. PARP1 inhibitors (PJ34 or AG14361) attenuated diabetes-induced peripheral nerve hyperalgesia, restored DRG neuron mitophagy function and decreased mitochondrial oxidative injury. Mitophagy impairment induced by lysosome deacidificant (DC661) aggravated diabetes-induced DRG neuron mitochondrial oxidative stress and injury. Taken together, our data revealed that PARP1 induced defective mitophagy of DRG neurons is a key mechanism in diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathic injury. Inhibition of PARP1 and restoration of mitophagy function are potential therapeutic targets for PDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Avenue Central 253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fuhu Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pian Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Avenue Central 253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Keke Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Avenue Central 253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinming Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lijin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Avenue Central 253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong Province, China
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15
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Wang Y, Pleasure D, Deng W, Guo F. Therapeutic Potentials of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) Inhibition in Multiple Sclerosis and Animal Models: Concept Revisiting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102853. [PMID: 34935305 PMCID: PMC8844485 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays a fundamental role in DNA repair and gene expression. Excessive PARP1 hyperactivation, however, has been associated with cell death. PARP1 and/or its activity are dysregulated in the immune and central nervous system of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and animal models. Pharmacological PARP1 inhibition is shown to be protective against immune activation and disease severity in MS animal models while genetic PARP1 deficiency studies reported discrepant results. The inconsistency suggests that the function of PARP1 and PARP1-mediated PARylation may be complex and context-dependent. The article reviews PARP1 functions, discusses experimental findings and possible interpretations of PARP1 in inflammation, neuronal/axonal degeneration, and oligodendrogliopathy, three major pathological components cooperatively determining MS disease course and neurological progression, and points out future research directions. Cell type specific PARP1 manipulations are necessary for revisiting the role of PARP1 in the three pathological components prior to moving PARP1 inhibition into clinical trials for MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95817USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine/Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCAUSA
| | - David Pleasure
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95817USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine/Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95817USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine/Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCAUSA
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16
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Gutierrez-Quintana R, Walker DJ, Williams KJ, Forster DM, Chalmers AJ. Radiation-induced neuroinflammation: a potential protective role for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors? Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdab190. [PMID: 35118383 PMCID: PMC8807076 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) plays a fundamental role in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). GBM are notoriously invasive and harbor a subpopulation of cells with stem-like features which exhibit upregulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) and are radioresistant. High radiation doses are therefore delivered to large brain volumes and are known to extend survival but also cause delayed toxicity with 50%-90% of patients developing neurocognitive dysfunction. Emerging evidence identifies neuroinflammation as a critical mediator of the adverse effects of RT on cognitive function. In addition to its well-established role in promoting repair of radiation-induced DNA damage, activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) can exacerbate neuroinflammation by promoting secretion of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, PARP represents an intriguing mechanistic link between radiation-induced activation of the DDR and subsequent neuroinflammation. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged as promising new agents for GBM when given in combination with RT, with multiple preclinical studies demonstrating radiosensitizing effects and at least 3 compounds being evaluated in clinical trials. We propose that concomitant use of PARPi could reduce radiation-induced neuroinflammation and reduce the severity of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction while at the same time improving tumor control by enhancing radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David J Walker
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Duncan M Forster
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Manchester Molecular Imaging Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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17
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Kim B, Hull VL, Xu J, Prabhu P, Gregory M, Martinez-Cerdeno V, Zhan X, Deng W, Guo F. PARP1-mediated PARylation activity is essential for oligodendroglial differentiation and CNS myelination. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109695. [PMID: 34610310 PMCID: PMC9586836 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in myelination and remyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) remains enigmatic. Here, we report that PARP1 is an intrinsic driver for oligodendroglial development and myelination. Genetic PARP1 depletion impairs the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into oligodendrocytes and impedes CNS myelination. Mechanistically, PARP1-mediated PARylation activity is not only necessary but also sufficient for OPC differentiation. At the molecular level, we identify the RNA-binding protein Myef2 as a PARylated target, which controls OPC differentiation through the PARylation-modulated derepression of myelin protein expression. Furthermore, PARP1’s enzymatic activity is necessary for oligodendrocyte and myelin regeneration after demyelination. Together, our findings suggest that PARP1-mediated PARylation activity may be a potential therapeutic target for promoting OPC differentiation and remyelination in neurological disorders characterized by arrested OPC differentiation and remyelination failure such as multiple sclerosis. Wang et al. show that PARP1-mediated PARylation promotes oligodendroglial differentiation and regeneration. They demonstrate that PARP1 PARylates proteins relating to RNA metabolism under physiological conditions and that Myef2 is identified as one of the potential targets that mediates PARP1-regulated myelin gene expression at the posttranscriptional level during oligodendroglial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Vanessa L Hull
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Preeti Prabhu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Maria Gregory
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Veronica Martinez-Cerdeno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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18
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de Fraga LS, Tassinari ID, Jantsch J, Guedes RP, Bambini-Junior V. 'A picture is worth a thousand words': The use of microscopy for imaging neuroinflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:325-345. [PMID: 34596237 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first studies of the nervous system by the Nobel laureates Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramon y Cajal using simple dyes and conventional light microscopes, microscopy has come a long way to the most recent techniques that make it possible to perform images in live cells and animals in health and disease. Many pathological conditions of the central nervous system have already been linked to inflammatory responses. In this scenario, several available markers and techniques can help imaging and unveil the neuroinflammatory process. Moreover, microscopy imaging techniques have become even more necessary to validate the large quantity of data generated in the era of 'omics'. This review aims to highlight how to assess neuroinflammation by using microscopy as a tool to provide specific details about the cell's architecture during neuroinflammatory conditions. First, we describe specific markers that have been used in light microscopy studies and that are widely applied to unravel and describe neuroinflammatory mechanisms in distinct conditions. Then, we discuss some important methodologies that facilitate the imaging of these markers, such as immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. Emphasis will be given to studies using two-photon microscopy, an approach that revolutionized the real-time assessment of neuroinflammatory processes. Finally, some studies integrating omics with microscopy will be presented. The fusion of these techniques is developing, but the high amount of data generated from these applications will certainly improve comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isadora D'Ávila Tassinari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Victorio Bambini-Junior
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), Preston, UK
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19
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Comabella M, Sastre-Garriga J, Borras E, Villar LM, Saiz A, Martínez-Yélamos S, García-Merino JA, Pinteac R, Fissolo N, Sánchez López AJ, Costa-Frossard L, Blanco Y, Llufriu S, Vidal-Jordana A, Sabidó E, Montalban X. CSF Chitinase 3-Like 2 Is Associated With Long-term Disability Progression in Patients With Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/6/e1082. [PMID: 34497102 PMCID: PMC8428018 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify long-term prognostic protein biomarkers associated with disease progression in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods CSF samples were collected from a discovery cohort of 28 patients with progressive MS who participated in a clinical trial with interferon beta. Patients were classified into high and low disability progression phenotypes according to numeric progression rates (NPR) and step-based progression rates (SPR) after a mean follow-up time of 12 years. Protein abundance was measured by shotgun proteomics. Selected proteins from the discovery cohort were quantified by parallel reaction monitoring in CSF samples from an independent validation cohort of 41 patients with progressive MS classified also into high and low disability progression phenotypes after a mean follow-up time of 7 years. Results Of 2,548 CSF proteins identified in the discovery cohort, 10 were selected for validation based on their association with long-term disability progression: SPATS2-like protein, chitinase 3–like 2 (CHI3L2), plasma serine protease inhibitor, metallothionein-3, phospholipase D4, beta-hexosaminidase, neurexophilin-1, adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1, cathepsin L1, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Only CHI3L2 was validated, and patients with high disability progression exhibited significantly higher CSF protein levels compared with patients with low disability progression (p = 0.03 for NPR and p = 0.02 for SPR). CHI3L2 levels showed good performance to discriminate between high and low disability progression in patients with progressive MS (area under the curve 0.73; sensitivity 90% and specificity 63%). Conclusions Although further confirmatory studies are needed, we propose CSF CHI3L2 as a prognostic protein biomarker associated with long-term disability progression in patients with progressive MS. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that high CSF CHI3L2 levels identified higher disability progression in patients with progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Comabella
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jaume Sastre-Garriga
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Borras
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa M Villar
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Saiz
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Yélamos
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio García-Merino
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rucsanda Pinteac
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas Fissolo
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio J Sánchez López
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucienne Costa-Frossard
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Blanco
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Llufriu
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Vidal-Jordana
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- From the Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica (M.C., J.S.-G., R.P., N.F., A.V.-J., X.M.), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron; Eva Borràs (E.B., E.S.), Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona; Departments of Neurology and Immunology (L.M.V., L.C.-F.), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid; Service of Neurology (A.S., Y.B., S.L.), Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona; Department of Neurology (S.M.-Y.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona; and Neuroimmunology Unit (J.A.G.M., A.J.S.L.), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
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20
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PARPs in lipid metabolism and related diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 84:101117. [PMID: 34450194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PARPs and tankyrases (TNKS) represent a family of 17 proteins. PARPs and tankyrases were originally identified as DNA repair factors, nevertheless, recent advances have shed light on their role in lipid metabolism. To date, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrases, PARP9, PARP10, PARP14 were reported to have multi-pronged connections to lipid metabolism. The activity of PARP enzymes is fine-tuned by a set of cholesterol-based compounds as oxidized cholesterol derivatives, steroid hormones or bile acids. In turn, PARPs modulate several key processes of lipid homeostasis (lipotoxicity, fatty acid and steroid biosynthesis, lipoprotein homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, etc.). PARPs are also cofactors of lipid-responsive nuclear receptors and transcription factors through which PARPs regulate lipid metabolism and lipid homeostasis. PARP activation often represents a disruptive signal to (lipid) metabolism, and PARP-dependent changes to lipid metabolism have pathophysiological role in the development of hyperlipidemia, obesity, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type II diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular aging and skin pathologies, just to name a few. In this synopsis we will review the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of pharmacological PARP inhibitors in these diseases/pathologies and propose repurposing PARP inhibitors already available for the treatment of various malignancies.
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21
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Kajitani GS, Nascimento LLDS, Neves MRDC, Leandro GDS, Garcia CCM, Menck CFM. Transcription blockage by DNA damage in nucleotide excision repair-related neurological dysfunctions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:20-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Li H, Lian G, Wang G, Yin Q, Su Z. A review of possible therapies for multiple sclerosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3261-3270. [PMID: 33886059 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with a wide range of symptoms, like executive function defect, cognitive dysfunction, blurred vision, decreased sensation, spasticity, fatigue, and other symptoms. This neurological disease is characterized by the destruction of the blood-brain barrier, loss of myelin, and damage to neurons. It is the result of immune cells crossing the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system and attacking self-antigens. Heretofore, many treatments proved that they can retard the progression of the disease even though there is no cure. Therefore, treatments aimed at improving patients' quality of life and reducing adverse drug reactions and costs are essential. In this review, the treatment approaches to alleviate the progress of MS include the following: pharmacotherapy, antibody therapy, cell therapy, gene therapy, and surgery. The current treatment methods of MS are described in terms of the prevention of myelin shedding, the promotion of myelin regeneration, and the protection of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gaojian Lian
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qianmei Yin
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zehong Su
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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23
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Rosado MM, Pioli C. ADP-ribosylation in evasion, promotion and exacerbation of immune responses. Immunology 2021; 164:15-30. [PMID: 33783820 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is the addition of one or more (up to some hundreds) ADP-ribose moieties to acceptor proteins. This evolutionary ancient post-translational modification (PTM) is involved in fundamental processes including DNA repair, inflammation, cell death, differentiation and proliferation, among others. ADP-ribosylation is catalysed by two major families of enzymes: the cholera toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTCs) and the diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTDs, also known as PARPs). ARTCs sense and use extracellular NAD, which may represent a danger signal, whereas ARTDs are present in the cell nucleus and/or cytoplasm. ARTCs mono-ADP-ribosylate their substrates, whereas ARTDs, according to the specific family member, are able to mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylate target proteins or are devoid of enzymatic activity. Both mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation are dynamic processes, as specific hydrolases are able to remove single or polymeric ADP moieties. This dynamic equilibrium between addition and degradation provides plasticity for fast adaptation, a feature being particularly relevant to immune cell functions. ADP-ribosylation regulates differentiation and functions of myeloid, T and B cells. It also regulates the expression of cytokines and chemokines, production of antibodies, isotype switch and the expression of several immune mediators. Alterations in these processes involve ADP-ribosylation in virtually any acute and chronic inflammatory/immune-mediated disease. Besides, pathogens developed mechanisms to contrast the action of ADP-ribosylating enzymes by using their own hydrolases and/or to exploit this PTM to sustain their virulence. In the present review, we summarize and discuss recent findings on the role of ADP-ribosylation in immunobiology, immune evasion/subversion by pathogens and immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, Rome, Italy
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24
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Oakes RS, Tostanoski LH, Kapnick SM, Froimchuk E, Black SK, Zeng X, Jewell CM. Exploiting Rational Assembly to Map Distinct Roles of Regulatory Cues during Autoimmune Therapy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4305-4320. [PMID: 33645967 PMCID: PMC8116774 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes, and lupus occur when the immune system attacks host tissue. Immunotherapies that promote selective tolerance without suppressing normal immune function are of tremendous interest. Here, nanotechnology was used for rational assembly of peptides and modulatory immune cues into immune complexes. Complexes containing self-peptides and regulatory nucleic acids reverse established paralysis in a preclinical MS model. Importantly, mice responding to immunotherapy maintain healthy, antigen-specific B and T cell responses during a foreign antigen challenge. A therapeutic library isolating specific components reveals that regulatory nucleic acids suppress inflammatory genes in innate immune cells, while disease-matched peptide sequences control specificity of tolerance. Distinct gene expression profiles in cells and animals are associated with the immune signals administered in particulate and soluble forms, highlighting the impact of biophysical presentation of signals. This work provides insight into the rational manipulation of immune signaling to drive tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Oakes
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 N Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lisa H. Tostanoski
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Senta M. Kapnick
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Eugene Froimchuk
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Sheneil K. Black
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiangbin Zeng
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 N Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 5102 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-I Suite 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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25
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de Oliveira LG, Angelo YDS, Iglesias AH, Peron JPS. Unraveling the Link Between Mitochondrial Dynamics and Neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624919. [PMID: 33796100 PMCID: PMC8007920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health problem worldwide, especially with the increase of life-expectancy observed during the last decades. For many of these diseases, we still lack a full understanding of their etiology and pathophysiology. Nonetheless their association with mitochondrial dysfunction highlights this organelle as an important player during CNS homeostasis and disease. Markers of Parkinson (PD) and Alzheimer (AD) diseases are able to induce innate immune pathways induced by alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis leading to neuroinflammation. Additionally, exacerbated type I IFN responses triggered by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), failures in mitophagy, ER-mitochondria communication and mtROS production promote neurodegeneration. On the other hand, regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is essential for CNS health maintenance and leading to the induction of IL-10 and reduction of TNF-α secretion, increased cell viability and diminished cell injury in addition to reduced oxidative stress. Thus, although previously solely seen as power suppliers to organelles and molecular processes, it is now well established that mitochondria have many other important roles, including during immune responses. Here, we discuss the importance of these mitochondrial dynamics during neuroinflammation, and how they correlate either with the amelioration or worsening of CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Gomes de Oliveira
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Immunology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB) IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yan de Souza Angelo
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Immunology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB) IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio H Iglesias
- Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Immunology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB) IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Doss PMIA, Umair M, Baillargeon J, Fazazi R, Fudge N, Akbar I, Yeola AP, Williams JB, Leclercq M, Joly-Beauparlant C, Beauchemin P, Ruda GF, Alpaugh M, Anderson AC, Brennan PE, Droit A, Lassmann H, Moore CS, Rangachari M. Male sex chromosomal complement exacerbates the pathogenicity of Th17 cells in a chronic model of central nervous system autoimmunity. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108833. [PMID: 33691111 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence and severity have long been recognized. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for why male sex is associated with more aggressive disease remain poorly defined. Using a T cell adoptive transfer model of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we find that male Th17 cells induce disease of increased severity relative to female Th17 cells, irrespective of whether transferred to male or female recipients. Throughout the disease course, a greater frequency of male Th17 cells produce IFNγ, a hallmark of pathogenic Th17 responses. Intriguingly, XY chromosomal complement increases the pathogenicity of male Th17 cells. An X-linked immune regulator, Jarid1c, is downregulated in pathogenic male murine Th17 cells, and functional experiments reveal that it represses the severity of Th17-mediated EAE. Furthermore, Jarid1c expression is downregulated in CD4+ T cells from MS-affected individuals. Our data indicate that male sex chromosomal complement critically regulates Th17 cell pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prenitha Mercy Ignatius Arokia Doss
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Muhammad Umair
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Joanie Baillargeon
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Reda Fazazi
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Neva Fudge
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Irshad Akbar
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Asmita Pradeep Yeola
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - John B Williams
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Mickael Leclercq
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Charles Joly-Beauparlant
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Philippe Beauchemin
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Gian Filipo Ruda
- Target Discovery Institute and NIHR, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Melanie Alpaugh
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Target Discovery Institute and NIHR, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Alzheimer's Research UK, Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Arnaud Droit
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Manu Rangachari
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Sales MC, Kasahara TM, Sacramento PM, Rossi ÁD, Cafasso MOS, Oyamada HA, Hygino J, Alvim F, Andrade RM, Cristina Vasconcelos C, Bento CA. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor attenuates the hyperresponsiveness of TLR2 + and TLR4 + Th17/Tc17-like cells in multiple sclerosis patients with major depression. Immunology 2021; 162:290-305. [PMID: 33112414 PMCID: PMC7884649 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated frequency of Th17-like cells expressing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been recently associated with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, a chronic inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. We aimed to investigate the impact of current major depressive disorder (MDD) on the behaviour of these cells following in vitro stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 agonists. Here, the level of both cell proliferation and cytokine production related to Th17/Tc17 phenotypes in response to TLR2 (Pam3C) and TLR4 (LPS) ligands was significantly higher in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell cultures from MS/MDD patients when compared to non-depressed patients. These cytokine levels were positively associated with neurological disabilities in patients. No difference for responsiveness to TLR5 (flagellin) and TLR9 (ODN) agonists was observed. LPS, but not Pam3C, induced significant IL-10 release, mainly in patients without MDD. Interestingly, more intense expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on these cells was observed in MDD patients. Finally, in vitro addition of serotonin and treatment of MDD patients with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) reduced the production of Th17/Tc17-related cytokines by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to Pam3C and LPS. However, only SSRI therapy diminished the frequency and intensity of TLR2 and TLR4 expression on circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In summary, although preliminary, our findings suggest that adverse events that elevate circulating levels of TLR2 and TLR4 ligands can affect MS pathogenesis, particularly among depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C. Sales
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Post‐graduate Program in MicrobiologyUniversity of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Taissa M. Kasahara
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Priscila M. Sacramento
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Post‐graduate Program in MicrobiologyUniversity of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Átila D. Rossi
- Department of GeneticsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Marcos Octávio S.D. Cafasso
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Hugo A.A. Oyamada
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Post‐graduate Program in MicrobiologyUniversity of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Joana Hygino
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Post‐graduate Program in NeurologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Fabianna Alvim
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Regis M. Andrade
- Department of General Medicine DepartmentFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Cleonice A.M. Bento
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Post‐graduate Program in NeurologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Department of General Medicine DepartmentFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
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28
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Mao K, Zhang G. The role of PARP1 in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. FEBS J 2021; 289:2013-2024. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanmin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Ministry of Education Department of Toxicology School of Public Health Tongji Medical College Wuhan China
- Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Ministry of Education Department of Toxicology School of Public Health Tongji Medical College Wuhan China
- Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Nastasi C, Mannarino L, D’Incalci M. DNA Damage Response and Immune Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7504. [PMID: 33053746 PMCID: PMC7588887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is the cause of numerous human pathologies including cancer, premature aging, and chronic inflammatory conditions. The DNA damage response (DDR), in turn, coordinates DNA damage checkpoint activation and promotes the removal of DNA lesions. In recent years, several studies have shown how the DDR and the immune system are tightly connected, revealing an important crosstalk between the two of them. This interesting interplay has opened up new perspectives in clinical studies for immunological diseases as well as for cancer treatment. In this review, we provide an overview, from cellular to molecular pathways, on how DDR and the immune system communicate and share the crucial commitment of maintaining the genomic fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nastasi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Maurizio D’Incalci
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy;
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Plastini MJ, Desu HL, Brambilla R. Dynamic Responses of Microglia in Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:269. [PMID: 32973458 PMCID: PMC7468479 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play an essential role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, as well as responding to injury and disease. Most neurological disorders feature microglial activation, a process whereby microglia undergo profound morphological and transcriptional changes aimed at containing CNS damage and promoting repair, but often resulting in overt inflammation that sustains and propagates the neurodegenerative process. This is especially evident in multiple sclerosis (MS), were microglial activation and microglia-driven neuroinflammation are considered key events in the onset, progression, and resolution of the disease. Our understanding of microglial functions in MS has widened exponentially in the last decade by way of new tools and markers to discriminate microglia from other myeloid populations. Consequently, the complex functional and phenotypical diversity of microglia can now be appreciated. This, in combination with a variety of animal models that mimic specific features and processes of MS, has contributed to filling the gap of knowledge in the cascade of events underlying MS pathophysiology. The purpose of this review is to present the most up to date knowledge of the dynamic responses of microglia in the commonly used animal models of MS, specifically the immune-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, and the chemically-induced cuprizone and lysolecithin models. Elucidating the spectrum of microglial functions in these models, from detrimental to protective, is essential to identify emerging targets for therapy and guide drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Plastini
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Haritha L Desu
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE-Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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31
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Kadowaki A, Quintana FJ. The Gut-CNS Axis in Multiple Sclerosis. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:622-634. [PMID: 32650957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS driven by the inflammatory activity of peripheral immune cells recruited to the CNS and by CNS-resident glial cells. MS pathogenesis has been linked to both genetic and environmental factors. In addition, the commensal flora have been shown to modulate immune processes relevant to MS pathogenesis. We discuss the effects of the gut microbiota on T cells and glial cells, and their relevance for the control of inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS. A better understanding of the gut-CNS axis will shed new light on the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, and may help to guide the development of efficacious therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kadowaki
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Alaamery M, Albesher N, Aljawini N, Alsuwailm M, Massadeh S, Wheeler MA, Chao CC, Quintana FJ. Role of sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2020; 158:25-35. [PMID: 32402091 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of lipids highly enriched in the central nervous system (CNS), which shows great diversity and complexity, and has been implicated in CNS development and function. Alterations in sphingolipid metabolism have been described in multiple diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we discuss the role of sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration, evaluating its direct roles in neuron development and health, and also in the induction of neurotoxic activities in CNS-resident astrocytes and microglia in the context of neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we focus on the metabolism of gangliosides and sphingosine-1-phosphate, its contribution to the pathogenesis of neurologic diseases, and its potential as a candidate target for the therapeutic modulation of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alaamery
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Albesher
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Aljawini
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moneera Alsuwailm
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam Massadeh
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Chun-Cheih Chao
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Sádaba MC, Rothhammer V, Muñoz Ú, Sebal C, Escudero E, Kivisäkk P, Garcia Sanchez MI, Izquierdo G, Hauser SL, Baranzini SE, Oksenberg JR, Álvarez-Lafuente R, Bakshi R, Weiner HL, Quintana FJ. Serum antibodies to phosphatidylcholine in MS. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:e765. [PMID: 32518205 PMCID: PMC7309529 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies reactive with phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lactosylceramide (LC) as biomarkers in MS. METHODS We developed an ultrasensitive ELISA technique to analyze serum IgG and IgM antibodies to LC and PC, which we used to analyze samples from 362 patients with MS, 10 patients with non-MS myelin diseases (Non-MSMYDs), 11 patients with nonmyelin neurologic diseases (Non-MYNDs), and 80 controls. MS serum samples included clinically isolated syndrome (CIS, n = 17), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS, n = 62), secondary progressive MS (SPMS, n = 50), primary progressive MS (PPMS, n = 37), and benign MS (BENMS, n = 36). RESULTS We detected higher levels of serum IgM antibodies to PC (IgM-PC) in MS than control samples; patients with CIS and RRMS showed higher IgM-PC levels than patients with SPMS, PPMS, and BENMS and controls. MS and control samples did not differ in serum levels of IgM antibodies reactive with LC, nor in IgG antibodies reactive with LC or PC. CONCLUSIONS Serum IgM-PC antibodies are elevated in patients with MS, particularly during the CIS and RRMS phases of the disease. Thus, serum IgM-PC is a candidate biomarker for early inflammatory stages of MS. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that serum antibodies to PC are elevated in patients with MS. The study is rated Class III because of the case control design and the risk of spectrum bias: antibody levels in patients with MS were compared with healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cruz Sádaba
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA.
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Úrsula Muñoz
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Cristina Sebal
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Esther Escudero
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Pia Kivisäkk
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Maria Isabel Garcia Sanchez
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Guillermo Izquierdo
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Stephen L Hauser
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Jorge R Oksenberg
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Roberto Álvarez-Lafuente
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Rohit Bakshi
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- From the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (M.C.S., V.R., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Facultad de Medicina (M.C.S., U.M., C.S., E.E.), Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (INMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Sevilla; Department of Neurology (S.L.H., S.E.B., J.R.O.), University of California, San Francisco; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC) (R.Á.-L.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA.
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Buonvicino D, Ranieri G, Pratesi S, Gerace E, Muzzi M, Guasti D, Tofani L, Chiarugi A. Neuroprotection induced by dexpramipexole delays disease progression in a mouse model of progressive multiple sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3342-3356. [PMID: 32199028 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Drugs able to counteract progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) represent a largely unmet therapeutic need. Even though the pathogenesis of disease evolution is still obscure, accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a causative role in neurodegeneration and axonopathy in progressive MS patients. Here, we investigated the effects of dexpramipexole, a compound with a good safety profile in humans and able to sustain mitochondria functioning and energy production, in a mouse model of progressive MS. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Female non-obese diabetic mice were immunized with MOG35-55 . Functional, immune and neuropathological parameters were analysed during disease evolution in animals treated or not with dexpramipexole. The compound's effects on bioenergetics and neuroprotection were also evaluated in vitro. KEY RESULTS We found that oral treatment with dexpramipexole at a dose consistent with that well tolerated in humans delayed disability progression, extended survival, counteracted reduction of spinal cord mitochondrial DNA content and reduced spinal cord axonal loss of mice. Accordingly, the drug sustained in vitro bioenergetics of mouse optic nerve and dorsal root ganglia and counteracted neurodegeneration of organotypic mouse cortical cultures exposed to the adenosine triphosphate-depleting agents oligomycin or veratridine. Dexpramipexole, however, was unable to affect the adaptive and innate immune responses both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION The present findings corroborate the hypothesis that neuroprotective agents may be of relevance to counteract MS progression and disclose the translational potential of dexpramipexole to treatment of progressive MS patients as a stand-alone or adjunctive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Pratesi
- Centre of Immunological Research DENOTHE, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gerace
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Muzzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tofani
- Clinical Trials Coordinating Center of Istituto Toscano Tumori, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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35
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Madsen PM, Desu HL, Vaccari JPDR, Florimon Y, Ellman DG, Keane RW, Clausen BH, Lambertsen KL, Brambilla R. Oligodendrocytes modulate the immune-inflammatory response in EAE via TNFR2 signaling. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:132-146. [PMID: 31785393 PMCID: PMC7010565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In various models of MS, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the membrane-bound form of TNF (tmTNF), which signals primarily via TNFR2, mediates protective and reparative effects, whereas the soluble form (solTNF), which signals primarily via TNFR1, promotes pro-inflammatory and detrimental functions. In this study, we investigated the role of TNFR2 expressed in oligodendrocytes in the early phase of EAE pathogenesis. We demonstrated that mice with specific ablation of oligodendroglial TNFR2 displayed early onset and higher peak of motor dysfunction when subjected to EAE, in advance of which accelerated infiltration of immune cells was observed as early as 10 days post EAE induction. The immune cell influx was preceded by microglial activation and increased blood brain barrier permeability. Lack of oligodendroglial TNFR2 accelerated the expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as expression and activation of the inflammasome. Gene expression profiling of oligodendrocytes sorted from the spinal cord 14 days post EAE induction showed robust upregulation of inflammatory genes, some of which were elevated in cells lacking TNFR2 compared to controls. Together, our data demonstrate that oligodendrocytes are directly involved in inflammation and immune modulation in CNS disease and this function is regulated, at least in part, by TNFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille M. Madsen
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA,Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Haritha L. Desu
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA,The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yoleinny Florimon
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ditte G. Ellman
- Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Robert W. Keane
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA,The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Dept. Physiology and Biophysics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bettina H. Clausen
- Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,BRIDGE - Brain Research Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kate L. Lambertsen
- Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark,BRIDGE - Brain Research Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA; Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; BRIDGE - Brain Research Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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36
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Yeola AP, Ignatius Arokia Doss PM, Baillargeon J, Akbar I, Mailhot B, Balood M, Talbot S, Anderson AC, Lacroix S, Rangachari M. Endogenous T Cell Receptor Rearrangement Represses Aggressive Central Nervous System Autoimmunity in a TcR-Transgenic Model on the Non-Obese Diabetic Background. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3115. [PMID: 32010149 PMCID: PMC6974510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell response to central nervous system (CNS) antigen in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) permits one to model the immune aspects of multiple sclerosis. 1C6 transgenic mice on the non-obese diabetic (NOD) background possess a class II-restricted T cell receptor (TcR; Vα5-Vβ7) specific for the encephalitogenic peptide myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)[35−55]. It remains to be determined what role is played by allelic inclusion in shaping the TcR repertoire of these mice. Here, we show that 1C6 T cells display substantial promiscuity in their expression of non-transgenically derived Vα chains. Further, enforced expression of the transgenic TcR in 1C6 × Rag1−/− mice profoundly disrupted thymic negative selection and led to a sharp decrease in the number of mature peripheral T cells. 1C6 × Rag1−/− mice developed spontaneous EAE at a significant frequency and rapidly developed fatal EAE upon immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)[35−55]. Passive transfer of 1C6 × Rag1+/+ CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells or B cells, partially rescued 1C6 × Rag1−/− mice from severe EAE. FoxP3+ CD4+ Treg cells were present in the CNS of immunized 1C6 mice, as well as immunized 1C6 × Rag1−/− that had been supplemented with 1C6 CD4+ T cells. However, they were not observed in 1C6 × Rag1−/− that did not receive Rag1-sufficient 1C6 CD4+. Further, in vivo blockade of Treg accelerated the onset of symptoms in 1C6 mice immunized with MOG[35−55], indicating the pertinence of Treg-mediated control of autoimmune inflammation in this model. Thus, TcR allelic inclusion is crucial to the generation of FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells necessary for the suppression of severe CNS autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Pradeep Yeola
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Joanie Baillargeon
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Irshad Akbar
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Mailhot
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad Balood
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Talbot
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana Carrizosa Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Manu Rangachari
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Pazzaglia S, Pioli C. Multifaceted Role of PARP-1 in DNA Repair and Inflammation: Pathological and Therapeutic Implications in Cancer and Non-Cancer Diseases. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010041. [PMID: 31877876 PMCID: PMC7017201 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase 1), mainly known for its protective role in DNA repair, also regulates inflammatory processes. Notably, defects in DNA repair and chronic inflammation may both predispose to cancer development. On the other hand, inhibition of DNA repair and inflammatory responses can be beneficial in cancer therapy and PARP inhibitors are currently used for their lethal effects on tumor cells. Furthermore, excess of PARP-1 activity has been associated with many tumors and inflammation-related clinical conditions, including asthma, sepsis, arthritis, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, to name a few. Activation and inhibition of PARP represent, therefore, a double-edged sword that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. In our review, we will discuss recent findings highlighting the composite multifaceted role of PARP-1 in cancer and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.P.); Tel.: +39-06-3048-6535 (S.P.); +39-06-3048-3398 (C.P.)
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.P.); Tel.: +39-06-3048-6535 (S.P.); +39-06-3048-3398 (C.P.)
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38
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Meira M, Sievers C, Hoffmann F, Bodmer H, Derfuss T, Kuhle J, Haghikia A, Kappos L, Lindberg RL. PARP-1 deregulation in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2019; 5:2055217319894604. [PMID: 31897308 PMCID: PMC6918498 DOI: 10.1177/2055217319894604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) plays pivotal roles in immune and inflammatory responses. Accumulating evidence suggests PARP-1 as a promising target for immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis and natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Objective This study explores expression of PARP-1 and downstream effectors in multiple sclerosis and during natalizumab treatment. Methods Transcriptional expressions were studied by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on CD4+T/CD8+T/CD14+/B cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers, untreated and natalizumab-treated non-progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy multiple sclerosis patients. Results PARP-1 expression was higher in CD4+T, CD8+T and B cells from untreated patients compared to healthy volunteers. Natalizumab treatment restored deregulated PARP-1 expression in T cells but not in B cells. Sustained upregulation of PARP-1 was associated with decreased expression of downstream PARP-1 factors such as TGFBR1/TGFBR2/BCL6 in B cells. Notably, a higher expression of PARP-1 was detected in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients. Conclusions Given the importance of PARP-1 in inflammatory processes, its upregulation in multiple sclerosis lymphocyte populations suggests a potential role in the immune pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Strikingly higher PARP-1 expression in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy cases suggests its involvement in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy disease pathomechanisms. These results further support the value of PARP-1 inhibitors as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for multiple sclerosis and natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Meira
- Departments of Biomedicine and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Sievers
- Departments of Biomedicine and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francine Hoffmann
- Departments of Biomedicine and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Bodmer
- Departments of Biomedicine and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Departments of Biomedicine and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Departments of Biomedicine and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- Departments of Biomedicine and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raija Lp Lindberg
- Departments of Biomedicine and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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39
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Metabolic Control of Astrocyte Pathogenic Activity via cPLA2-MAVS. Cell 2019; 179:1483-1498.e22. [PMID: 31813625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism has been shown to control peripheral immunity, but little is known about its role in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Through a combination of proteomic, metabolomic, transcriptomic, and perturbation studies, we found that sphingolipid metabolism in astrocytes triggers the interaction of the C2 domain in cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) with the CARD domain in mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), boosting NF-κB-driven transcriptional programs that promote CNS inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and, potentially, multiple sclerosis. cPLA2 recruitment to MAVS also disrupts MAVS-hexokinase 2 (HK2) interactions, decreasing HK enzymatic activity and the production of lactate involved in the metabolic support of neurons. Miglustat, a drug used to treat Gaucher and Niemann-Pick disease, suppresses astrocyte pathogenic activities and ameliorates EAE. Collectively, these findings define a novel immunometabolic mechanism that drives pro-inflammatory astrocyte activities, outlines a new role for MAVS in CNS inflammation, and identifies candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
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40
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Bando Y, Geisler JG. Disease modifying mitochondrial uncouplers, MP101, and a slow release ProDrug, MP201, in models of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Oxidized cholesterol species as signaling molecules in the brain: diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Neuronal Signal 2019; 3:NS20190068. [PMID: 32269839 PMCID: PMC7104322 DOI: 10.1042/ns20190068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with adverse central nervous system effects, including a doubled risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and increased risk of cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms connecting diabetes to cognitive decline and dementia are unknown. One possible link between these diseases may be the associated alterations to cholesterol oxidation and metabolism in the brain. We will survey evidence demonstrating alterations to oxysterols in the brain in AD and diabetes and how these oxysterols could contribute to pathology, as well as identifying research questions that have not yet been addressed to allow for a fuller understanding of the role of oxysterols in AD and diabetes.
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42
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Palumbo F, Andreu I, Brunetti M, Schmallegger M, Gescheidt G, Neshchadin D, Miranda MA. Hydrogen Abstraction from the C15 Position of the Cholesterol Skeleton. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15184-15191. [PMID: 31675234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol (Ch) is an integral part of cell membrane, where it is prone to oxidation. In humans, oxidation of Ch is commonly linked to various pathologies like Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and even cancer, which proceed via mechanisms involving enzymatic and free radical pathways. The latter begin with hydrogen abstraction (HA) from Ch by a reactive free radical. It has been established that the most efficient HA from Ch occurs at C7, although HA from C4 by peroxyl radicals has recently been observed. Conversely, HA from Ch positions other than the thermodynamically preferred C7 or C4 has never been reported. We have designed a Ch derivative where a benzophenone moiety is linked to C7 by a covalent bond. This mirrors a specific orientation of Ch within a confined environment. Product analysis and time-resolved spectroscopic studies reveal an unprecedented HA from C15, which is a thermodynamically unfavorable position. This indicates that a specific topology of reactants is crucial for the reactivity of Ch. The relative orientation of the reactants can also be relevant in biological membranes, where Ch, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and numerous oxidizing species are confined in highly restricted and anisotropic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Palumbo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València , Camino de Vera s/n , 46022 Valencia , Spain
| | - Inmaculada Andreu
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València , Camino de Vera s/n , 46022 Valencia , Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe , Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106 , 46026 Valencia , Spain
| | - Maria Brunetti
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València , Camino de Vera s/n , 46022 Valencia , Spain
| | - Max Schmallegger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/I , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/I , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/I , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València , Camino de Vera s/n , 46022 Valencia , Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación UPV-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe , Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106 , 46026 Valencia , Spain
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Zhang L, Gao L, Xu C, Li X, Wang P, Zhang C, Zhao C. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide promotes T- helper 17 cell differentiation from human CD4+ naïve T cells via toll-like receptor-2 in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 107:104483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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44
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Buonvicino D, Ranieri G, Pratesi S, Guasti D, Chiarugi A. Neuroimmunological characterization of a mouse model of primary progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and effects of immunosuppressive or neuroprotective strategies on disease evolution. Exp Neurol 2019; 322:113065. [PMID: 31536728 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is a devastating disorder sustained by neuroimmune interactions still wait to be identified. Recently, immune-independent, neural bioenergetic derangements have been hypothesized as causative of neurodegeneration in PMS patients. To gather information on the immune and neurodegenerative components during PMS, in the present study we investigated the molecular and cellular events occurring in a Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In these mice, we also evaluated the effects of clinically-relevant immunosuppressive (dexamethasone) or bioenergetic drugs (bezafibrate and biotin) on functional, immune and neuropathological parameters. We found that immunized NOD mice progressively accumulated disability and severe neurodegeneration in the spinal cord. Unexpectedly, although CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes but not B or NK cells infiltrate the spinal cord linearly with time, their suppression by different dexamethasone treatment schedules did not affect disease progression. Also, the spreading of the autoimmune response towards additional immunogenic myelin antigen occurred neither in the periphery nor in the CNS of EAE mice. Conversely, we found that altered mitochondrial morphology, reduced contents of mtDNA and decreased transcript levels for respiratory complex subunits occurred at early disease stages and preceded axonal degeneration within spinal cord columns. However, the mitochondria boosting drugs, bezafibrate and biotin, were unable to reduce disability progression. Data suggest that EAE NOD mice recapitulate some features of PMS. Also, by showing that bezafibrate or biotin do not affect progression in NOD mice, our study suggests that this model can be harnessed to anticipate experimental information of relevance to innovative treatments of PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Pratesi
- Centre of Immunological Research DENOTHE, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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45
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Baker D, Nutma E, O'Shea H, Cooke A, Orian JM, Amor S. Autoimmune encephalomyelitis in NOD mice is not initially a progressive multiple sclerosis model. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1362-1372. [PMID: 31402611 PMCID: PMC6689692 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite progress in treating relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), effective inhibition of nonrelapsing progressive MS is an urgent, unmet, clinical need. Animal models of MS, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), provide valuable tools to examine the mechanisms contributing to disease and may be important for developing rational therapeutic approaches for treatment of progressive MS. It has been suggested that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide residues 35‐55 (MOG35‐55)‐induced EAE in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice resembles secondary progressive MS. The objective was to determine whether the published data merits such claims. Methods Induction and monitoring of EAE in NOD mice and literature review. Results It is evident that the NOD mouse model lacks validity as a progressive MS model as the individual course seems to be an asynchronous, relapsing‐remitting neurodegenerative disease, characterized by increasingly poor recovery from relapse. The seemingly progressive course seen in group means of clinical score is an artifact of data handling and interpretation. Interpretation Although MOG35‐55‐induced EAE in NOD mice may provide some clues about approaches to block neurodegeneration associated with the inflammatory penumbra as lesions form, it should not be used to justify trials in people with nonactive, progressive MS. This adds further support to the view that drug studies in animals should universally adopt transparent raw data deposition as part of the publication process, such that claims can adequately be interrogated. This transparency is important if animal‐based science is to remain a credible part of translational research in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baker
- BartsMS, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Nutma
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Helen O'Shea
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline M Orian
- La Trobe Institute of Molecular Sciences La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sandra Amor
- BartsMS, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative autoimmune disease with a complex clinical course characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. Diagnosis of MS most commonly includes finding lesions in at least two separate areas of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of available treatments for MS. An optimal treatment is usually based on a personalized approach determined by an individual patient's prognosis and treatment risks. Biomarkers that can predict disability progression, monitor ongoing disease activity, and assess treatment response are integral in making important decisions regarding MS treatment. This review describes MS biomarkers that are currently being used in clinical practice; it also reviews and consolidates published findings from clinically relevant potential MS biomarkers in recent years. The work also discusses the challenges of validating and application of biomarkers in MS clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Paul
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Department of Neurology, MS Centre of Catalonia, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Roopali Gandhi
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Starossom SC, Campo Garcia J, Woelfle T, Romero-Suarez S, Olah M, Watanabe F, Cao L, Yeste A, Tukker JJ, Quintana FJ, Imitola J, Witzel F, Schmitz D, Morkel M, Paul F, Infante-Duarte C, Khoury SJ. Chi3l3 induces oligodendrogenesis in an experimental model of autoimmune neuroinflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:217. [PMID: 30644388 PMCID: PMC6333780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), neural stem cells (NSCs) can replace damaged oligodendrocytes if the local microenvironment supports the required differentiation process. Although chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) form part of this microenvironment, their function in this differentiation process is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that murine Chitinase 3-like-3 (Chi3l3/Ym1), human Chi3L1 and Chit1 induce oligodendrogenesis. In mice, Chi3l3 is highly expressed in the subventricular zone, a stem cell niche of the adult brain, and in inflammatory brain lesions during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We find that silencing Chi3l3 increases severity of EAE. We present evidence that in NSCs Chi3l3 activates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), thereby inducing Pyk2-and Erk1/2- dependent expression of a pro-oligodendrogenic transcription factor signature. Our results implicate CLP-EGFR-Pyk2-MEK-ERK as a key intrinsic pathway controlling oligodendrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Starossom
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Juliana Campo Garcia
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Woelfle
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvina Romero-Suarez
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Olah
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fumihiro Watanabe
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology-The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ada Yeste
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John J Tukker
- Neuroscience Research Center (NWFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jaime Imitola
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology-The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Franziska Witzel
- IRI Life Sciences, Institute of Pathology, Computational Modeling in Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center (NWFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- IRI Life Sciences, Institute of Pathology, Computational Modeling in Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samia J Khoury
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Abu Haidar Neuroscience Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
Astrocytes play complex roles in health and disease. Here, we review recent findings on molecular pathways that control astrocyte function in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as new tools for their investigation. In particular, we describe positive and negative regulators of astrocyte-mediated pathogenesis in MS, such as sphingolipid metabolism and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, respectively. In addition, we also discuss the issue of astrocyte heterogeneity and its relevance for the contribution of astrocytes to MS pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss how new genomic tools could transform the study of astrocyte biology in MS.
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Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Inflammation, and Immunity. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 83:83/1/e00038-18. [PMID: 30567936 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00038-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature review presented here details recent research involving members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins. Among the 17 recognized members of the family, the human enzyme PARP1 is the most extensively studied, resulting in a number of known biological and metabolic roles. This review is focused on the roles played by PARP enzymes in host-pathogen interactions and in diseases with an associated inflammatory response. In mammalian cells, several PARPs have specific roles in the antiviral response; this is perhaps best illustrated by PARP13, also termed the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP). Plant stress responses and immunity are also regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARPs promote inflammatory responses by stimulating proinflammatory signal transduction pathways that lead to the expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. Hence, PARP inhibitors show promise in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and conditions with an inflammatory component, such as diabetes, arthritis, and stroke. These functions are correlated with the biophysical characteristics of PARP family enzymes. This work is important in providing a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis and host responses, as well as in the identification of inhibitors. This is important because the identification of inhibitors has been shown to be effective in arresting the progression of disease.
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50
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Younger D, Murugan M, Rama Rao KV, Wu LJ, Chandra N. Microglia Receptors in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5202-5228. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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