1
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Morales-Martínez M, Andón-García D, Patiño-Santiago KA, Parga-Ortega JM, Hernández-Hernández A, Aquino-Jarquin G, Patino-Lopez G. Identification of potential new T cell activation molecules: a Bioinformatic Approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22219. [PMID: 39333573 PMCID: PMC11436975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell activation is central for the initiation of T cell mediated adaptive immune response and is the result of the close communication between the Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) and the T lymphocyte. Although T-cell activation is currently well understood, and many intracellular pathways are well characterized, nevertheless new players are constantly identified, and this complements the known protein interactome. In this work we aimed to identify new proteins involved in T cell activation. We reviewed and analyzed results of microarray gene expression datasets reported in the public database GEO-NCBI. Using data from GSE136625, GSE50971, GSE13887, GSE11989 and GSE902 we performed different comparisons using R and other bioinformatic tools including GEO2R and we report here upregulated genes that have no previous reports in immune related functions and with potential participation upon T-cell activation. Our results indicate that RND3, SYT10, IgSF6 and PIN1 are potential new T-cell activation molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Morales-Martínez
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - David Andón-García
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
- RNA Biology and Genome Editing Section, Genomics, Genetics, and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, 'Federico Gómez' Children's Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - Genaro Patino-Lopez
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico.
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2
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Rubin AJ, Dao TT, Schueppert AV, Regev A, Shalek AK. LAT encodes T cell activation pathway balance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.26.609683. [PMID: 39253472 PMCID: PMC11383308 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.26.609683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Immune cells transduce environmental stimuli into responses essential for host health via complex signaling cascades. T cells, in particular, leverage their unique T cell receptors (TCRs) to detect specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-presented peptides. TCR activation is then relayed via linker for activation of T cells (LAT), a TCR-proximal disordered adapter protein, which organizes protein partners and mediates the propagation of signals down diverse pathways including NFAT and AP-1. Here, we studied how balanced downstream pathway activation is encoded in the amino acid sequence of LAT. To comprehensively profile the sequence-function relationship of LAT, we developed a pooled, single-cell, high-content screening approach in which a large series of mutants in the LAT protein were analyzed to characterize their effects on T cell activation. Measuring epigenetic, transcriptomic, and cell surface protein dynamics of single cells harboring distinct LAT mutants, we found functional regions spanning over 40% of the LAT amino acid sequence. Conserved sequence motifs for protein interactions along with charge distribution are critical sequence features, and contribute to interpretation of human genetic variation in LAT. While mutant defect severity spans from moderate to complete loss of function, nearly all defective mutants, irrespective of their position in LAT, confer balanced defects across all downstream pathways. To understand the molecular basis for this observation, we performed proximal protein labeling which demonstrated that disruption of LAT interaction with a single partner protein indirectly disrupts other partner interactions, likely through the dual roles of these proteins as effectors of downstream pathways and bridging factors between LAT molecules. Overall, we report widely distributed functional regions throughout a disordered adapter and a precise physical organization of LAT and interacting molecules which constrains signaling outputs. More broadly, we describe an approach for interrogating sequence-function relationships for proteins with complex activities across regulatory layers of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rubin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tyler T Dao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amelia V Schueppert
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Current address: Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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3
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Gómez-Morón Á, Alegre-Gómez S, Ramirez-Muñoz R, Hernaiz-Esteban A, Carrasco-Padilla C, Scagnetti C, Aguilar-Sopeña Ó, García-Gil M, Borroto A, Torres-Ruiz R, Rodriguez-Perales S, Sánchez-Madrid F, Martín-Cófreces NB, Roda-Navarro P. Human T-cell receptor triggering requires inactivation of Lim kinase-1 by Slingshot-1 phosphatase. Commun Biol 2024; 7:918. [PMID: 39080357 PMCID: PMC11289303 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin dynamics control early T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling during T-cell activation. However, the precise regulation of initial actin rearrangements is not completely understood. Here, we have investigated the regulatory role of the phosphatase Slingshot-1 (SSH1) in this process. Our data show that SSH1 rapidly polarises to nascent cognate synaptic contacts and later relocalises to peripheral F-actin networks organised at the mature immunological synapse. Knockdown of SSH1 expression by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing or small interfering RNA reveal a regulatory role for SSH1 in CD3ε conformational change, allowing Nck binding and proper downstream signalling and immunological synapse organisation. TCR triggering induces SSH1-mediated activation of actin dynamics through a mechanism mediated by Limk-1 inactivation. These data suggest that during early TCR activation, SSH1 is required for rapid F-actin rearrangements that mediate initial conformational changes of the TCR, integrin organisation and proximal signalling events for proper synapse organisation. Therefore, the SSH1 and Limk-1 axis is a key regulatory element for full T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gómez-Morón
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, UAM, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Alegre-Gómez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Ramirez-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Hernaiz-Esteban
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Carrasco-Padilla
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camila Scagnetti
- Immunology Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, UAM, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- Videomicroscopy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, UAM, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Aguilar-Sopeña
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta García-Gil
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aldo Borroto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Torres-Ruiz
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Biomedical Innovation Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT); Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Fundacion Jiménez Díaz; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodriguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, UAM, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa Beatriz Martín-Cófreces
- Immunology Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, UAM, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- Videomicroscopy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, UAM, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Yang Q, Patrick M, Lu J, Chen J, Zhang Y, Hemani H, Lehrmann E, De S, Weng NP. Homeodomain-only protein suppresses proliferation and contributes to differentiation- and age-related reduced CD8 + T cell expansion. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360229. [PMID: 38410516 PMCID: PMC10895957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell activation is a tightly controlled process involving both positive and negative regulators. The precise mechanisms governing the negative regulators in T cell proliferation remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that homeodomain-only protein (HOPX), a homeodomain-containing protein, and its most abundant isoform HOPXb, negatively regulate activation-induced proliferation of human T cells. We found that HOPX expression progressively increased from naïve (TN) to central memory (TCM) to effector memory (TEM) cells, with a notable upregulation following in vitro stimulation. Overexpression of HOPXb leads to a reduction in TN cell proliferation while HOPX knockdown promotes proliferation of TN and TEM cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HOPX binds to promoters and exerts repressive effects on the expression of MYC and NR4A1, two positive regulators known to promote T cell proliferation. Importantly, our findings suggest aging is associated with increased HOPX expression, and that knockdown of HOPX enhances the proliferation of CD8+ T cells in older adults. Our findings provide compelling evidence that HOPX serves as a negative regulator of T cell activation and plays a pivotal role in T cell differentiation and in age-related-reduction in T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael Patrick
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jian Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joseph Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Humza Hemani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nan-ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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5
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Rade M, Böhlen S, Neuhaus V, Löffler D, Blumert C, Merz M, Köhl U, Dehmel S, Sewald K, Reiche K. A time-resolved meta-analysis of consensus gene expression profiles during human T-cell activation. Genome Biol 2023; 24:287. [PMID: 38098113 PMCID: PMC10722659 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coordinated transcriptional regulation of activated T-cells is based on a complex dynamic behavior of signaling networks. Given an external stimulus, T-cell gene expression is characterized by impulse and sustained patterns over the course. Here, we analyze the temporal pattern of activation across different T-cell populations to develop consensus gene signatures for T-cell activation. RESULTS Here, we identify and verify general biomarker signatures robustly evaluating T-cell activation in a time-resolved manner. We identify time-resolved gene expression profiles comprising 521 genes of up to 10 disjunct time points during activation and different polarization conditions. The gene signatures include central transcriptional regulators of T-cell activation, representing successive waves as well as sustained patterns of induction. They cover sustained repressed, intermediate, and late response expression rates across multiple T-cell populations, thus defining consensus biomarker signatures for T-cell activation. In addition, intermediate and late response activation signatures in CAR T-cell infusion products are correlated to immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. CONCLUSION This study is the first to describe temporally resolved gene expression patterns across T-cell populations. These biomarker signatures are a valuable source, e.g., monitoring transcriptional changes during T-cell activation with a reasonable number of genes, annotating T-cell states in single-cell transcriptome studies, or assessing dysregulated functions of human T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rade
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Böhlen
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Neuhaus
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dennis Löffler
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Conny Blumert
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Merz
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, Hemostaseology and Infectiology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Dehmel
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), Dresden, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Wang C, Wang J, Che S, Zhao H. CAR-T cell therapy for hematological malignancies: History, status and promise. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21776. [PMID: 38027932 PMCID: PMC10658259 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, the methods of cancer treatment are usually surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although these methods help to improve the condition, most tumors still have a poor prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapy has great potential in tumor treatment. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T) uses the patient's own T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) recognizes tumor-associated antigens and kills tumor cells. CAR-T has achieved good results in the treatment of hematological tumors. In 2017, the FDA approved the first CAR-T for the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In October of the same year, the FDA approved CAR-T to treat B-cell lymphoma. In order to improve and enhance the therapeutic effect, CAR-T has become a research focus in recent years. The structure of CAR, the targets of CAR-T treatment, adverse reactions and improvement measures during the treatment process are summarized. This review is an attempt to highlight recent and possibly forgotten findings of advances in chimeric antigen receptor T cell for treatment of hematological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Shusheng Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
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7
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Steier Z, Aylard DA, McIntyre LL, Baldwin I, Kim EJY, Lutes LK, Ergen C, Huang TS, Robey EA, Yosef N, Streets A. Single-cell multiomic analysis of thymocyte development reveals drivers of CD4 + T cell and CD8 + T cell lineage commitment. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1579-1590. [PMID: 37580604 PMCID: PMC10457207 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the thymus is critical to adaptive immunity and is widely studied as a model of lineage commitment. Recognition of self-peptide major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or II by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) determines the CD8+ or CD4+ T cell lineage choice, respectively, but how distinct TCR signals drive transcriptional programs of lineage commitment remains largely unknown. Here we applied CITE-seq to measure RNA and surface proteins in thymocytes from wild-type and T cell lineage-restricted mice to generate a comprehensive timeline of cell states for each T cell lineage. These analyses identified a sequential process whereby all thymocytes initiate CD4+ T cell lineage differentiation during a first wave of TCR signaling, followed by a second TCR signaling wave that coincides with CD8+ T cell lineage specification. CITE-seq and pharmaceutical inhibition experiments implicated a TCR-calcineurin-NFAT-GATA3 axis in driving the CD4+ T cell fate. Our data provide a resource for understanding cell fate decisions and implicate a sequential selection process in guiding lineage choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Steier
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley and San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Center for Computational Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dominik A Aylard
- University of California, Berkeley, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Laura L McIntyre
- University of California, Berkeley, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Isabel Baldwin
- University of California, Berkeley, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Esther Jeong Yoon Kim
- University of California, Berkeley, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lydia K Lutes
- University of California, Berkeley, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Can Ergen
- University of California, Berkeley, Center for Computational Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Ellen A Robey
- University of California, Berkeley, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Nir Yosef
- University of California, Berkeley, Center for Computational Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Systems Immunology, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Aaron Streets
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley and San Francisco, CA, USA.
- University of California, Berkeley, Center for Computational Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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8
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Zhao Y, Cai H, Ding X, Zhou X. An integrative analysis of the single-cell transcriptome identifies DUSP4 as an exhaustion-associated gene in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:136. [PMID: 37086337 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Nantong University, School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Huihui Cai
- Department of Immunology, Nantong University, School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Department of Immunology, Nantong University, School of Medicine, Nantong, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nantong University, School of Medicine, Nantong, China.
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9
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Liang W, Yi R, Wang W, Shi Y, Zhang J, Xu X, Wang Q, Liu M, Wang F. Enhancing the Antitumor Immunity of T Cells by Engineering the Lipid-Regulatory Site of the TCR/CD3 Complex. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:93-108. [PMID: 36265009 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) by a specific peptide-MHC ligand initiates transmembrane signaling to induce T-cell activation, a key step in most adaptive immune responses. Previous studies have indicated that TCR signaling is tightly regulated by cholesterol and its sulfate metabolite, cholesterol sulfate (CS), on the membrane. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which CS modulates TCR signaling through a conformational change of CD3 subunits. We found that the negatively charged CS interacted with the positively charged cytoplasmic domain of CD3ε (CD3εCD) to enhance its binding to the cell membrane and induce a stable secondary structure. This secondary structure suppressed the release of CD3εCD from the membrane in the presence of Ca2+, which in turn inhibited TCR phosphorylation and signaling. When a point mutation (I/A) was introduced to the intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (YxxI-x6-8-YxxL) of CD3ε subunit, it reduced the stability of the secondary structure and regained sensitivity to Ca2+, which abolished CS-mediated inhibition and enhanced the signaling of the TCR complex. Notably, the I/A mutation could be applied to both murine and human TCR-T cell therapy to improve the antitumor efficacy. Our study reveals insights into the regulatory mechanism of TCR signaling and provides a strategy to functionally engineer the TCR/CD3 complex for T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Liang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruirong Yi
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifang Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqin Zhang
- BRL Medicine, Inc., Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- BRL Medicine, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Tipanee J, Samara-Kuko E, Gevaert T, Chuah MK, VandenDriessche T. Universal allogeneic CAR T cells engineered with Sleeping Beauty transposons and CRISPR-CAS9 for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3155-3175. [PMID: 35711141 PMCID: PMC9552804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with inactivated donor T cell receptor (TCR) expression can be used as an "off-the-shelf" therapeutic modality for lymphoid malignancies, thus offering an attractive alternative to autologous, patient-derived T cells. Current approaches for T cell engineering mainly rely on the use of viral vectors. Here, we optimized and validated a non-viral genetic modification platform based on Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposons delivered with minicircles to express CD19-28z.CAR and CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoparticles to inactivate allogeneic TCRs. Efficient TCR gene disruption was achieved with minimal cytotoxicity and with attainment of robust and stable CD19-28z.CAR expression. The CAR T cells were responsive to CD19+ tumor cells with antitumor activities that induced complete tumor remission in NALM6 tumor-bearing mice while significantly reducing TCR alloreactivity and GvHD development. Single CAR signaling induced the similar T cell signaling signatures in TCR-disrupted CAR T cells and control CAR T cells. In contrast, TCR disruption inhibited T cell signaling/protein phosphorylation compared with the control CAR T cells during dual CAR/TCR signaling. This non-viral SB transposon-CRISPR-Cas9 combination strategy serves as an alternative for generating next-generation CD19-specific CAR T while reducing GvHD risk and easing potential manufacturing constraints intrinsic to viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaitip Tipanee
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building D, Room D365, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ermira Samara-Kuko
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building D, Room D365, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gevaert
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Centre University Hospital Brussels (Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marinee K Chuah
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building D, Room D365, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thierry VandenDriessche
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building D, Room D365, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Meraviglia-Crivelli D, Zheleva A, Barainka M, Moreno B, Villanueva H, Pastor F. Therapeutic Strategies to Enhance Tumor Antigenicity: Making the Tumor Detectable by the Immune System. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1842. [PMID: 36009389 PMCID: PMC9405394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the oncology field, but many patients still do not respond to current immunotherapy approaches. One of the main challenges in broadening the range of responses to this type of treatment is the limited source of tumor neoantigens. T cells constitute a main line of defense against cancer, and the decisive step to trigger their activation is mediated by antigen recognition. Antigens allow the immune system to differentiate between self and foreign, which constitutes a critical step in recognition of cancer cells and the consequent development or control of the malignancy. One of the keystones to achieving a successful antitumor response is the presence of potent tumor antigens, known as neoantigens. However, tumors develop strategies to evade the immune system and resist current immunotherapies, and many tumors present a low tumor mutation burden limiting the presence of tumor antigenicity. Therefore, new approaches must be taken into consideration to overcome these shortcomings. The possibility of making tumors more antigenic represents a promising front to further improve the success of immunotherapy in cancer. Throughout this review, we explored different state-of-the-art tools to induce the presentation of new tumor antigens by intervening at protein, mRNA or genomic levels in malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Meraviglia-Crivelli
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angelina Zheleva
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Martin Barainka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Moreno
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
| | - Helena Villanueva
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
| | - Fernando Pastor
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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12
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Sugimoto C, Murakami Y, Ishii E, Fujita H, Wakao H. Reprogramming and redifferentiation of mucosal-associated invariant T cells reveal tumor inhibitory activity. eLife 2022; 11:70848. [PMID: 35379387 PMCID: PMC8983048 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells belong to a family of innate-like T cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunities. Although MAIT cells have been implicated in tumor immunity, it currently remains unclear whether they function as tumor-promoting or inhibitory cells. Therefore, we herein used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to investigate this issue. Murine MAIT cells were reprogrammed into iPSCs and redifferentiated towards MAIT-like cells (m-reMAIT cells). m-reMAIT cells were activated by an agonist in the presence and absence of antigen-presenting cells and MR1-tetramer, a reagent to detect MAIT cells. This activation accompanied protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the production of T helper (Th)1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines and inflammatory chemokines. Upon adoptive transfer, m-reMAIT cells migrated to different organs with maturation in mice. Furthermore, m-reMAIT cells inhibited tumor growth in the lung metastasis model and prolonged mouse survival upon tumor inoculation through the NK cell-mediated reinforcement of cytolytic activity. Collectively, the present results demonstrated the utility and role of m-reMAIT cells in tumor immunity and provide insights into the function of MAIT cells in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Sugimoto
- Host Defense Division, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Yukie Murakami
- Host Defense Division, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ishii
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Fujita
- Host Defense Division, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakao
- Host Defense Division, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
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13
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Nicolas P, Ollier J, Mori D, Voisinne G, Celis-Gutierrez J, Gregoire C, Perroteau J, Vivien R, Camus M, Burlet-Schiltz O, Gonzalez de Peredo A, Clémenceau B, Roncagalli R, Vié H, Malissen B. Systems-level conservation of the proximal TCR signaling network of mice and humans. J Exp Med 2022; 219:212976. [PMID: 35061003 PMCID: PMC8789201 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We exploited traceable gene tagging in primary human T cells to establish the composition and dynamics of seven canonical TCR-induced protein signaling complexes (signalosomes) using affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (AP-MS). It unveiled how the LAT adaptor assembles higher-order molecular condensates and revealed that the proximal TCR-signaling network has a high degree of qualitative and quantitative conservation between human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Such systems-level conservation also extended across human and mouse T cells and unexpectedly encompassed protein–protein interaction stoichiometry. Independently of evolutionary considerations, our study suggests that a drug targeting the proximal TCR signaling network should behave similarly when applied to human and mouse T cells. However, considering that signaling differences likely exist between the distal TCR-signaling pathway of human and mouse, our fast-track AP-MS approach should be favored to determine the mechanism of action of drugs targeting human T cell activation. An opportunity is illustrated here using an inhibitor of the LCK protein tyrosine kinase as a proof-of-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Nicolas
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Jocelyn Ollier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- LabEx Immunotherapy–Graft–Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Daiki Mori
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Marseille, France
- Centre d’Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Voisinne
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Javier Celis-Gutierrez
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Marseille, France
- Centre d’Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Gregoire
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Jeanne Perroteau
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Régine Vivien
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- LabEx Immunotherapy–Graft–Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Mylène Camus
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Gonzalez de Peredo
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Béatrice Clémenceau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- LabEx Immunotherapy–Graft–Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Romain Roncagalli
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Henri Vié
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- LabEx Immunotherapy–Graft–Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Marseille, France
- Centre d’Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Marseille, France
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14
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Mori D, Grégoire C, Voisinne G, Celis-Gutierrez J, Aussel R, Girard L, Camus M, Marcellin M, Argenty J, Burlet-Schiltz O, Fiore F, Gonzalez de Peredo A, Malissen M, Roncagalli R, Malissen B. The T cell CD6 receptor operates a multitask signalosome with opposite functions in T cell activation. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211516. [PMID: 33125054 PMCID: PMC7608068 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the respective contribution of the LAT transmembrane adaptor and CD5 and CD6 transmembrane receptors to early TCR signal propagation, diversification, and termination, we describe a CRISPR/Cas9-based platform that uses primary mouse T cells and permits establishment of the composition of their LAT, CD5, and CD6 signalosomes in only 4 mo using quantitative mass spectrometry. We confirmed that positive and negative functions can be solely assigned to the LAT and CD5 signalosomes, respectively. In contrast, the TCR-inducible CD6 signalosome comprised both positive (SLP-76, ZAP70, VAV1) and negative (UBASH3A/STS-2) regulators of T cell activation. Moreover, CD6 associated independently of TCR engagement to proteins that support its implication in inflammatory pathologies necessitating T cell transendothelial migration. The multifaceted role of CD6 unveiled here accounts for past difficulties in classifying it as a coinhibitor or costimulator. Congruent with our identification of UBASH3A within the CD6 signalosome and the view that CD6 constitutes a promising target for autoimmune disease treatment, single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human autoimmune diseases have been found in the Cd6 and Ubash3a genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Mori
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Grégoire
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Voisinne
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Javier Celis-Gutierrez
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Rudy Aussel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Girard
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Mylène Camus
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Marcellin
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémy Argenty
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Fiore
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Gonzalez de Peredo
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Roncagalli
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
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15
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Jurgens AP, Popović B, Wolkers MC. T cells at work: How post-transcriptional mechanisms control T cell homeostasis and activation. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2178-2187. [PMID: 34180545 PMCID: PMC8457102 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T cells are central players of the adaptive immune system by protecting us from recurring infections and by killing malignant cells. Protective T cell responses rely on the concerted production of effector molecules such as cytolytic mediators, granzymes, and perforins, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Once activated, T cells drastically change their gene expression and rapidly respond to insults by producing ample amounts of effector molecules. In the absence of antigen, T cells remain in a quiescent state and survey our body for possible pathogenic insults. Resting T cells are, however, not inert, but continuously regulate their protein production to survive and to be prepared for possible re-infections. Here, we review our current knowledge on the regulation of gene expression in activated and quiescent T cells. We specifically focus on post-transcriptional mechanisms that define the protein output and that allow dormant cells to undergo active signaling and selective translation, keeping them poised for activation. Finally, we discuss which signals drive T cell survival and their preparedness to respond to insults and which mechanisms are involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk P. Jurgens
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchLandsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamOncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Branka Popović
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchLandsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamOncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Monika C. Wolkers
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchLandsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamOncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
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16
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Dinur-Schejter Y, Zaidman I, Mor-Shaked H, Stepensky P. The Clinical Aspect of Adaptor Molecules in T Cell Signaling: Lessons Learnt From Inborn Errors of Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701704. [PMID: 34456914 PMCID: PMC8397411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptor molecules lack enzymatic and transcriptional activities. Instead, they exert their function by linking multiple proteins into intricate complexes, allowing for transmitting and fine-tuning of signals. Many adaptor molecules play a crucial role in T-cell signaling, following engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR). In this review, we focus on Linker of Activation of T cells (LAT) and SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 KDa (SLP-76). Monogenic defects in these adaptor proteins, with known roles in T-cell signaling, have been described as the cause of human inborn errors of immunity (IEI). We describe the current knowledge based on defects in cell lines, murine models and human patients. Germline mutations in Adhesion and degranulation adaptor protein (ADAP), have not resulted in a T-cell defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Dinur-Schejter
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy Department, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Hadassah Ein-Kerem Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Irina Zaidman
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy Department, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagar Mor-Shaked
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy Department, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Limoges MA, Cloutier M, Nandi M, Ilangumaran S, Ramanathan S. The GIMAP Family Proteins: An Incomplete Puzzle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679739. [PMID: 34135906 PMCID: PMC8201404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overview: Long-term survival of T lymphocytes in quiescent state is essential to maintain their cell numbers in secondary lymphoid organs and in peripheral circulation. In the BioBreeding diabetes-prone strain of rats (BB-DP), loss of functional GIMAP5 (GTPase of the immune associated nucleotide binding protein 5) results in profound peripheral T lymphopenia. This discovery heralded the identification of a new family of proteins initially called Immune-associated nucleotide binding protein (IAN) family. In this review we will use ‘GIMAP’ to refer to this family of proteins. Recent studies suggest that GIMAP proteins may interact with each other and also be involved in the movement of the cellular cargo along the cytoskeletal network. Here we will summarize the current knowledge on the characteristics and functions of GIMAP family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Limoges
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Maryse Cloutier
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Madhuparna Nandi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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18
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Kent A, Longino NV, Christians A, Davila E. Naturally Occurring Genetic Alterations in Proximal TCR Signaling and Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658611. [PMID: 34012443 PMCID: PMC8126620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-based immunotherapies including genetically engineered T cells, adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and immune checkpoint blockade highlight the impressive anti-tumor effects of T cells. These successes have provided new hope to many cancer patients with otherwise poor prognoses. However, only a fraction of patients demonstrates durable responses to these forms of therapies and many develop significant immune-mediated toxicity. These heterogeneous clinical responses suggest that underlying nuances in T cell genetics, phenotypes, and activation states likely modulate the therapeutic impact of these approaches. To better characterize known genetic variations that may impact T cell function, we 1) review the function of early T cell receptor-specific signaling mediators, 2) offer a synopsis of known mutations and genetic alterations within the associated molecules, 3) discuss the link between these mutations and human disease and 4) review therapeutic strategies under development or in clinical testing that target each of these molecules for enhancing anti-tumor T cell activity. Finally, we discuss novel engineering approaches that could be designed based on our understanding of the function of these molecules in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kent
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Natalie V. Longino
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Allison Christians
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Eduardo Davila
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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19
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Que W, Guo WZ, Li XK. Manipulation of Regulatory Dendritic Cells for Induction Transplantation Tolerance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582658. [PMID: 33162996 PMCID: PMC7591396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current organ transplantation therapy is life-saving but accompanied by well-recognized side effects due to post-transplantation systematic immunosuppressive treatment. Dendritic cells (DCs) are central instigators and regulators of transplantation immunity and are responsible for balancing allograft rejection and tolerance. They are derived from monocyte-macrophage DC progenitors originating in the bone marrow and are classified into different subsets based on their developmental, phenotypical, and functional criteria. Functionally, DCs instigate allograft immunity by presenting donor antigens to alloreactive T cells via direct, indirect, and semidirect recognition pathways and provide essential signaling for alloreactive T cell activation via costimulatory molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Regulatory DCs (DCregs) are characterized by a relatively low expression of major histocompatibility complex, costimulatory molecules, and altered cytokine production and exert their regulatory function through T cell anergy, T cell deletion, and regulatory T cell induction. In rodent transplantation studies, DCreg-based therapy, by in situ targeting or infusion of ex vivo generated DCregs, exhibits promising potential as a natural, well-tolerated, organ-specific therapeutic strategy for promoting lasting organ-specific transplantation tolerance. Recent early-phase studies of DCregs have begun to examine the safety and efficacy of DCreg-induced allograft tolerance in living-donor renal or liver transplantations. The present review summarizes the basic characteristics, function, and translation of DCregs in transplantation tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Que
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Lustig A, Manor T, Shi G, Li J, Wang YT, An Y, Liu YT, Weng NP. Lipid Microbubble-Conjugated Anti-CD3 and Anti-CD28 Antibodies (Microbubble-Based Human T Cell Activator) Offer Superior Long-Term Expansion of Human Naive T Cells In Vitro. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:475-484. [PMID: 32769179 PMCID: PMC10433792 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of human primary T cells with immobilized anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs in vitro provide a system to study T cell activation and proliferation and an avenue for expanding T cells for immunotherapy. Magnetic beads conjugated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs (Dynabeads Human T-Activator [D-TCA]) have been a golden standard for stimulating human primary T cells in vitro. In this study, we report that an application using anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs conjugated on lipid microbubbles (microbubble-based human T cell activator [MB-TCA]) to stimulate primary human naive T cells resulted in expansion superior to D-TCA. In 56-d cultures with three repeated stimulation cycles (14 d per stimulation), we found that 1) MB-TCA induced significantly better expansion (20- and 10-fold increase) of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than did D-TCA; 2) MB-TCA- and D-TCA-stimulated T cells had a similar number of initial cell divisions, but MB-TCA had significantly lower activation-induced cell death than D-TCA; 3) MB-TCA-stimulated T cells produced less TNF-α than did D-TCA; and 4) blocking TNF-α action via adding an Ab against TNF-αR (TNFRSF1A) significantly improved expansion of T cells activated by D-TCA in vitro. Together, we demonstrated that the MB-TCA induces a better expansion of human naive T cells in vitro and offers advantages in both basic and clinical applications in which the outcome depends on the number of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lustig
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Ty'Keemi Manor
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | | | - Jiangyuan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | | | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224; and
| | - Yu-Tsueng Liu
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224;
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21
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Machhi J, Kevadiya BD, Muhammad IK, Herskovitz J, Olson KE, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Harnessing regulatory T cell neuroprotective activities for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:32. [PMID: 32503641 PMCID: PMC7275301 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that adaptive immunity influences the pathobiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Misfolded aggregated self-proteins can break immune tolerance leading to the induction of autoreactive effector T cells (Teffs) with associated decreases in anti-inflammatory neuroprotective regulatory T cells (Tregs). An imbalance between Teffs and Tregs leads to microglial activation, inflammation and neuronal injury. The cascade of such a disordered immunity includes the drainage of the aggregated protein antigens into cervical lymph nodes serving to amplify effector immune responses. Both preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate transformation of this altered immunity for therapeutic gain. We posit that the signs and symptoms of common neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke can be attenuated by boosting Treg activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94304 USA
| | - Ijaz Khan Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Anbar Swabi, 23561 Pakistan
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Katherine E. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
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22
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New Insights in the IP 3 Receptor and Its Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:243-270. [PMID: 31646513 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) is a Ca2+-release channel mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Three IP3R isoforms are responsible for the generation of intracellular Ca2+ signals that may spread across the entire cell or occur locally in so-called microdomains. Because of their ubiquitous expression, these channels are involved in the regulation of a plethora of cellular processes, including cell survival and cell death. To exert their proper function a fine regulation of their activity is of paramount importance. In this review, we will highlight the recent advances in the structural analysis of the IP3R and try to link these data with the newest information concerning IP3R activation and regulation. A special focus of this review will be directed towards the regulation of the IP3R by protein-protein interaction. Especially the protein family formed by calmodulin and related Ca2+-binding proteins and the pro- and anti-apoptotic/autophagic Bcl-2-family members will be highlighted. Finally, recently identified and novel IP3R regulatory proteins will be discussed. A number of these interactions are involved in cancer development, illustrating the potential importance of modulating IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signaling in cancer treatment.
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23
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Thumkeo D, Katsura Y, Nishimura Y, Kanchanawong P, Tohyama K, Ishizaki T, Kitajima S, Takahashi C, Hirata T, Watanabe N, Krummel MF, Narumiya S. mDia1/3-dependent actin polymerization spatiotemporally controls LAT phosphorylation by Zap70 at the immune synapse. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay2432. [PMID: 31911947 PMCID: PMC6938706 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which the cytosolic protein Zap70 physically interacts with and phosphorylates its substrate, the transmembrane protein LAT, upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation remains largely obscure. In this study, we found that the pharmacological inhibition of formins, a major class of actin nucleators, suppressed LAT phosphorylation by Zap70, despite TCR stimulation-dependent phosphorylation of Zap70 remaining intact. High-resolution imaging and three-dimensional image reconstruction revealed that localization of phosphorylated Zap70 to the immune synapse (IS) and subsequent LAT phosphorylation are critically dependent on formin-mediated actin polymerization. Using knockout mice, we identify mDia1 and mDia3, which are highly expressed in T cells and which localize to the IS upon TCR activation, as the critical formins mediating this process. Our findings therefore describe previously unsuspected roles for mDia1 and mDia3 in the spatiotemporal control of Zap70-dependent LAT phosphorylation at the IS through regulation of filamentous actin, and underscore their physiological importance in TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Thumkeo
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Corresponding author. (D.T.); (S.N.)
| | - Y. Katsura
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y. Nishimura
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - P. Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - K. Tohyama
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T. Ishizaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita University Graduate School of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - S. Kitajima
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - C. Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T. Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - N. Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. F. Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S. Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Corresponding author. (D.T.); (S.N.)
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24
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Panagopoulou TI, Rafiq QA. CAR-T immunotherapies: Biotechnological strategies to improve safety, efficacy and clinical outcome through CAR engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Yang X, Xie S, Yang X, Cueva JC, Hou X, Tang Z, Yao H, Mo F, Yin S, Liu A, Lu X. Opportunities and Challenges for Antibodies against Intracellular Antigens. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7792-7806. [PMID: 31695801 PMCID: PMC6831482 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are one most significant advances in immunotherapy, the development of antibodies against disease-associated MHC-peptide complexes led to the introduction of TCR-like antibodies. TCR-like antibodies combine the recognition of intracellular proteins with the therapeutic potency and versatility of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), offering an unparalleled opportunity to expand the repertoire of therapeutic antibodies available to treat diseases like cancer. This review details the current state of TCR-like antibodies and describes their production, mechanisms as well as their applications. In addition, it presents an insight on the challenges that they must overcome in order to become commercially and clinically validated.
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26
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Saveanu L, Zucchetti AE, Evnouchidou I, Ardouin L, Hivroz C. Is there a place and role for endocyticTCRsignaling? Immunol Rev 2019; 291:57-74. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Saveanu
- National French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1149 Center of Research on Inflammation Paris France
- National French Center of Scientific Research (CNRS) ERL8252 Paris France
- Laboratory of Inflamex Excellency Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat Site Paris France
- Paris Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Andres E. Zucchetti
- Institut Curie PSL Research UniversityINSERMU932 “Integrative analysis of T cell activation” team Paris France
| | - Irini Evnouchidou
- National French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1149 Center of Research on Inflammation Paris France
- National French Center of Scientific Research (CNRS) ERL8252 Paris France
- Laboratory of Inflamex Excellency Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat Site Paris France
- Paris Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- Inovarion Paris France
| | - Laurence Ardouin
- Institut Curie PSL Research UniversityINSERMU932 “Integrative analysis of T cell activation” team Paris France
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie PSL Research UniversityINSERMU932 “Integrative analysis of T cell activation” team Paris France
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27
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Jun JE, Kulhanek KR, Chen H, Chakraborty A, Roose JP. Alternative ZAP70-p38 signals prime a classical p38 pathway through LAT and SOS to support regulatory T cell differentiation. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/591/eaao0736. [PMID: 31337738 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation activates diverse kinase pathways, which include the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK and p38, the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), and the kinase mTOR. Although TCR stimulation activates the p38 pathway through a "classical" MAPK cascade that is mediated by the adaptor protein LAT, it also stimulates an "alternative" pathway in which p38 is activated by the kinase ZAP70. Here, we used dual-parameter, phosphoflow cytometry and in silico computation to investigate how both classical and alternative p38 pathways contribute to T cell activation. We found that basal ZAP70 activation in resting T cell lines reduced the threshold ("primed") TCR-stimulated activation of the classical p38 pathway. Classical p38 signals were reduced after T cell-specific deletion of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors Sos1 and Sos2, which are essential LAT signalosome components. As a consequence of Sos1/2 deficiency, production of the cytokine IL-2 was impaired, differentiation into regulatory T cells was reduced, and the autoimmune disease EAE was exacerbated in mice. These data suggest that the classical and alternative p38 activation pathways exist to generate immune balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse E Jun
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kayla R Kulhanek
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hang Chen
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arup Chakraborty
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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28
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Baeuerle PA, Ding J, Patel E, Thorausch N, Horton H, Gierut J, Scarfo I, Choudhary R, Kiner O, Krishnamurthy J, Le B, Morath A, Baldeviano GC, Quinn J, Tavares P, Wei Q, Weiler S, Maus MV, Getts D, Schamel WW, Hofmeister R. Synthetic TRuC receptors engaging the complete T cell receptor for potent anti-tumor response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2087. [PMID: 31064990 PMCID: PMC6504948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells expressing CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) reveal high efficacy in the treatment of B cell malignancies. Here, we report that T cell receptor fusion constructs (TRuCs) comprising an antibody-based binding domain fused to T cell receptor (TCR) subunits can effectively reprogram an intact TCR complex to recognize tumor surface antigens. Unlike CARs, TRuCs become a functional component of the TCR complex. TRuC-T cells kill tumor cells as potently as second-generation CAR-T cells, but at significant lower cytokine release and despite the absence of an extra co-stimulatory domain. TRuC-T cells demonstrate potent anti-tumor activity in both liquid and solid tumor xenograft models. In several models, TRuC-T cells are more efficacious than respective CAR-T cells. TRuC-T cells are shown to engage the signaling capacity of the entire TCR complex in an HLA-independent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Domains
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Artificial/genetics
- Receptors, Artificial/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics
- Single-Chain Antibodies/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Ding
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ekta Patel
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Niko Thorausch
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraβe 18, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Holly Horton
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jessica Gierut
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Irene Scarfo
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Bldg. 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Rashmi Choudhary
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Olga Kiner
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Bonnie Le
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Anna Morath
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraβe 18, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | | | - Justin Quinn
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Patrick Tavares
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Qi Wei
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Solly Weiler
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Bldg. 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Getts
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Wolfgang W Schamel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraβe 18, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Robert Hofmeister
- TCR² Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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29
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Osipov A, Murphy A, Zheng L. From immune checkpoints to vaccines: The past, present and future of cancer immunotherapy. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 143:63-144. [PMID: 31202363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide medical problem with significant repercussions on individual patients and societies as a whole. In order to alter the outcomes of this deadly disease the treatment of cancer over the centuries has undergone a unique evolution. However, utilizing the best treatment modalities and achieving cures or long-term durable responses have been inconsistent and limited, that is until recently. Contemporary research has highlighted a fundamental gap in our understanding of how we approach treating cancer, by revealing the intricate relationship between the immune system and tumors. In this atmosphere, the growth of immunotherapy has not only forever changed our understanding of cancer biology, but the manner by which we treat patients. It's paradigm shifting success has led to the approval of over 10 different immunotherapeutic agents, including checkpoint inhibitors, vaccine-based therapies, oncolytic viruses and T cell directed therapies for nearly 20 different indications across countless tumor types. Despite the breakthroughs that have occurred in the field of immunotherapy, it has not been the panacea for all cancers. With a deeper understanding of the immune system we have been able to peer into tumor immune escape and therapy resistance. Simultaneously this understanding has paved the way for the investigation and development of novel immune system altering agents and combinatorial therapies. In this chapter we review the immune system and its intricate relationship with cancer, the evolution of immunotherapy, its current landscape, and future directions in the context of resistance mechanisms and the challenges faced by immunotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsen Osipov
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adrian Murphy
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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30
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Rodríguez-Jorge O, Kempis-Calanis LA, Abou-Jaoudé W, Gutiérrez-Reyna DY, Hernandez C, Ramirez-Pliego O, Thomas-Chollier M, Spicuglia S, Santana MA, Thieffry D. Cooperation between T cell receptor and Toll-like receptor 5 signaling for CD4 + T cell activation. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/577/eaar3641. [PMID: 30992399 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells recognize antigens through their T cell receptors (TCRs); however, additional signals involving costimulatory receptors, for example, CD28, are required for proper T cell activation. Alternative costimulatory receptors have been proposed, including members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, such as TLR5 and TLR2. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying a potential costimulatory role for TLR5, we generated detailed molecular maps and logical models for the TCR and TLR5 signaling pathways and a merged model for cross-interactions between the two pathways. Furthermore, we validated the resulting model by analyzing how T cells responded to the activation of these pathways alone or in combination, in terms of the activation of the transcriptional regulators CREB, AP-1 (c-Jun), and NF-κB (p65). Our merged model accurately predicted the experimental results, showing that the activation of TLR5 can play a similar role to that of CD28 activation with respect to AP-1, CREB, and NF-κB activation, thereby providing insights regarding the cross-regulation of these pathways in CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otoniel Rodríguez-Jorge
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62210 Cuernavaca, México.,Escuela de Estudios Superiores de Axochiapan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62951 Axochiapan, México
| | - Linda A Kempis-Calanis
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Wassim Abou-Jaoudé
- Computational System Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Darely Y Gutiérrez-Reyna
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Céline Hernandez
- Computational System Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oscar Ramirez-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Morgane Thomas-Chollier
- Computational System Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Maria A Santana
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62210 Cuernavaca, México.
| | - Denis Thieffry
- Computational System Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France.
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Wang QL, Liang JQ, Gong BN, Xie JJ, Yi YT, Lan X, Li Y. T Cell Receptor (TCR)-Induced PLC-γ1 Sumoylation via PIASxβ and PIAS3 SUMO E3 Ligases Regulates the Microcluster Assembly and Physiological Function of PLC-γ1. Front Immunol 2019; 10:314. [PMID: 30873169 PMCID: PMC6403162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The SUMO modification system plays an important role in T cell activation, yet how sumoylation regulates TCR-proximal signaling remains largely unknown. We show here that Phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) is conjugated by SUMO1 at K54 and K987 upon TCR stimulation and that K54 sumoylation is pivotal for PLC-γ1-mediated T cell activation. We further demonstrate that TCR-induced K54 sumoylation of PLC-γ1 significantly promotes the formation of PLC-γ1 microclusters and the association of PLC-γ1 with the adaptor proteins SLP76 and Gads, but only slightly affects the phosphorylation of PLC-γ1 on Y783, which determines the enzyme catalytic activity. Moreover, upon TCR stimulation, the SUMO E3 ligases PIASxβ and PIAS3 both interact with PLC-γ1 and cooperate to sumoylate PLC-γ1, facilitating the assembly of PLC-γ1 microclusters. Together, our findings reveal a critical role of PLC-γ1 K54 sumoylation in PLC-γ1 microcluster assembly that controls PLC-γ1-mediated T cell activation, suggesting that sumoylation may have an important role in the microcluster assembly of TCR-proximal signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Long Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei-Ni Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Ji Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Lan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Toll-like receptor chaperone HSP90B1 and the immune response to Mycobacteria. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208940. [PMID: 30550567 PMCID: PMC6294361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale HSP90B1, also known as gp96, is a chaperone for multiple Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and is necessary for TLR-mediated inflammatory responses in murine myeloid cells. The molecule is also expressed in T-cells though its specific role is unknown. We hypothesized that human HSP90B1 regulates monocyte and T-cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and that its variants are associated with susceptibility to TB disease. Methods We screened 17 haplotype-tagging SNPs in the HSP90B1 gene region for association with BCG-induced T-cell cytokine responses using both an ex-vivo whole blood assay (N = 295) and an intracellular cytokine staining assay (N = 180) on samples collected 10 weeks after birth. Using a case-control study design, we evaluated the same SNPs for association with TB disease in a South African pediatric cohort (N = 217 cases, 604 controls). A subset of these SNPs was evaluated for association with HSP90B1 expression in human monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and T-cells using RT-PCR. Lastly, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to knock down HSP90B1 expression in a human monocyte cell line (U937). Knockdown and control cell lines were tested for TLR surface expression and control of Mtb replication. Results We identified three SNPs, rs10507172, rs10507173 and rs1920413, that were associated with BCG-induced IL-2 secretion (p = 0.017 for rs10507172 and p = 0.03 for rs10507173 and rs1920413, Mann-Whitney, dominant model). SNPs rs10507172 and rs10507173 were associated with TB disease in an unadjusted analysis (p = 0.036 and 0.025, respectively, dominant model) that strengthened with sensitivity analysis of the definite TB cases, which included only those patients with microbiologically confirmed Mtb (p = 0.007 and 0.012, respectively). Knockdowns of HSP90B1 in monocyte cell lines with CRISPR did not alter TLR2 surface expression nor influence Mtb replication relative to controls. Conclusion Among infants, an HSP90B1 gene-region variant is associated with BCG-induced IL-2 production and may be associated with protection from TB disease. HSP90B1 knockdown in human monocyte-like cell lines did not influence TLR2 surface localization nor Mtb replication. Together, these data suggest that HSP90B1 regulates T-cell, but not monocyte, responses to mycobacteria in humans.
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Segaliny AI, Li G, Kong L, Ren C, Chen X, Wang JK, Baltimore D, Wu G, Zhao W. Functional TCR T cell screening using single-cell droplet microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3733-3749. [PMID: 30397689 PMCID: PMC6279597 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell transfer, in particular TCR T cell therapy, holds great promise for cancer immunotherapy with encouraging clinical results. However, finding the right TCR T cell clone is a tedious, time-consuming, and costly process. Thus, there is a critical need for single cell technologies to conduct fast and multiplexed functional analyses followed by recovery of the clone of interest. Here, we use droplet microfluidics for functional screening and real-time monitoring of single TCR T cell activation upon recognition of target tumor cells. Notably, our platform includes a tracking system for each clone as well as a sorting procedure with 100% specificity validated by downstream single cell reverse-transcription PCR and sequencing of TCR chains. Our TCR screening prototype will facilitate immunotherapeutic screening and development of T cell therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Equipment Design
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Single-Cell Analysis/instrumentation
- Single-Cell Analysis/methods
- T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude I. Segaliny
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
| | - Guideng Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, U.S.A
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lingshun Kong
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
| | - Ci Ren
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
| | - Jessica K. Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, U.S.A
| | - David Baltimore
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, U.S.A
| | - Guikai Wu
- Amberstone Biosciences LLC, Irvine, CA 92617, U.S.A
| | - Weian Zhao
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
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Abstract
Ultra-trace elements or occasionally beneficial elements (OBE) are the new categories of minerals including vanadium (V). The importance of V is attributed due to its multifaceted biological roles, i.e., glucose and lipid metabolism as an insulin-mimetic, antilipemic and a potent stress alleviating agent in diabetes when vanadium is administered at lower doses. It competes with iron for transferrin (binding site for transportation) and with lactoferrin as it is secreted in milk also. The intracellular enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase, causing the dephosphorylation at beta subunit of the insulin receptor, is inhibited by vanadium, thus facilitating the uptake of glucose inside the cell but only in the presence of insulin. Vanadium could be useful as a potential immune-stimulating agent and also as an antiinflammatory therapeutic metallodrug targeting various diseases. Physiological state and dose of vanadium compounds hold importance in causing toxicity also. Research has been carried out mostly on laboratory animals but evidence for vanadium importance as a therapeutic agent are available in humans and large animals also. This review examines the potential biochemical and molecular role, possible kinetics and distribution, essentiality, immunity, and toxicity-related study of vanadium in a biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veena Mani
- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Gaber T, Chen Y, Krauß PL, Buttgereit F. Metabolism of T Lymphocytes in Health and Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 342:95-148. [PMID: 30635095 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses that occur in infection, cancer, and autoimmune as well as allergic diseases involve the participation of T cells. T cells travel throughout the body searching for antigens, which are recognized via the major histocompatibility complexes. In the healthy organism, these T cells maintain metabolic quiescence until they encounter a potentially cognate antigen. Once activated, e.g., during an infection or tissue damage, T cells switch their metabolic program to gain energy and building blocks to maintain cellular homeostasis and to fulfill their specific immune functions involving clonal expansion and/or differentiation into effector and memory T cells to ultimately ensure host survival. Thus, differences in metabolism in healthy and pathogenic T cells provide an explanation for dysfunctionality of T-cell responses in metabolic disorders, autoimmunity, and cancer. Here, we summarize current knowledge on T-cell metabolism during the maintenance of homeostasis, activation, and differentiation as well as over the course of time that memory is generated in health and in diseased states such as autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gaber
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuling Chen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Krauß
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Wysoczynski M, Khan A, Bolli R. New Paradigms in Cell Therapy: Repeated Dosing, Intravenous Delivery, Immunomodulatory Actions, and New Cell Types. Circ Res 2018; 123:138-158. [PMID: 29976684 PMCID: PMC6050028 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perhaps the most important advance in the field of cell therapy for heart disease has been the recognition that all stem/progenitor cells (both adult and embryonic) fail to engraft in the heart to a significant extent and thus work via paracrine mechanisms. This fundamental advance has led to 4 new paradigms that are discussed in this review and that may importantly shape, or even revolutionize, the future of the field: (1) repeated cell therapy, (2) intravenous cell therapy, (3) immunomodulatory actions of cell therapy, and (4) new cell types. Because virtually all of our current knowledge of cell therapy is predicated on the effects of a single cell dose, the idea that the full therapeutic effects of a cell product require repeated doses is disruptive and has far-reaching implications. For example, inadequate dosing (single-dose protocols) may be responsible, at least in part, for the borderline or disappointing results obtained to date in clinical trials; furthermore, future studies (both preclinical and clinical) may need to incorporate repeated cell administrations. Another disruptive idea, supported by emerging preclinical and clinical evidence, is that intravenously injected cells can produce beneficial effects on the heart, presumably via release of paracrine factors in extracardiac organs or endocrine factors into the systemic circulation. Intravenous administration would obviate the need for direct delivery of cells to the heart, making cell therapy simpler, cheaper, safer, more scalable, and more broadly available, even on an outpatient basis. Although the mechanism of action of cell therapy remains elusive, there is compelling in vitro evidence that transplanted cells modulate the function of various immune cell types via release of paracrine factors, such as extracellular vesicles, although in vivo evidence is still limited. Investigation of the new paradigms reviewed herein should be a top priority because it may profoundly transform cell therapy and finally make it a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysoczynski
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Abdur Khan
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Roberto Bolli
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY.
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Zhang X, Zhu L, Zhou Y, Shi A, Wang H, Han M, Wan X, Kilonzo SB, Luo X, Chen T, Ning Q. Interference with KCTD9 inhibits NK cell activation and ameliorates fulminant liver failure in mice. BMC Immunol 2018; 19:20. [PMID: 29940856 PMCID: PMC6019787 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-018-0256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Potassium channel tetramerisation domain containing 9 (KCTD9), a member of KCTD family with a DNA-like pentapeptide repeat domain, was found to be increased particularly in NK cells of patients with HBV-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) and experimental viral fulminant hepatitis. Knockdown of KCTD9 in immortalized NK cells inhibits cytokines production and cytotoxicity. As NK cell activation was shown to exacerbate liver damage in viral fulminant hepatitis, we propose that target inhibition of KCTD9 may prohibit NK cells activity and thus ameliorate liver damage in viral fulminant hepatitis. Result Hydrodynamic delivery of plasmid expressing short-hairpin RNA against KCTD9 resulted in impaired NK cells function as demonstrated by reduced cytokine production and cytotoxicity, and ameliorated liver injury as manifested by improved liver histology and survival rate. In contrast, delivery of plasmid expressing KCTD9 led to deteriorated disease progression. Conclusion Interference with KCTD9 expression exert beneficial effect in viral fulminant hepatitis therapy. Such effect may be mediated by impairment of NK cell activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12865-018-0256-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoyong Zhou
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Aichao Shi
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meifang Han
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wan
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Semvua Bukheti Kilonzo
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatric Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qin Ning
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Rosenberg J, Huang J. CD8 + T Cells and NK Cells: Parallel and Complementary Soldiers of Immunotherapy. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018; 19:9-20. [PMID: 29623254 PMCID: PMC5880541 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells and NK cells are both cytotoxic effector cells of the immune system, but the recognition, specificity, sensitivity, and memory mechanisms are drastically different. While many of these topics have been extensively studied in CD8+ T cells, very little is known about NK cells. Current cancer immunotherapies mainly focus on CD8+ T cells, but have many issues of toxicity and efficacy. Given the heterogeneous nature of cancer, personalized cancer immunotherapy that integrates the power of both CD8+ T cells in adaptive immunity and NK cells in innate immunity might be the future direction, along with precision targeting and effective delivery of tumor-specific, memory CD8+ T cells and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Rosenberg
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jun Huang
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Mutzbauer G, Maurus K, Buszello C, Pischimarov J, Roth S, Rosenwald A, Chott A, Geissinger E. SYK expression in monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:505-516. [PMID: 29052597 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL), formerly known as type II enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (type II EATL), is a rare, aggressive primary intestinal T-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis and an incompletely understood pathogenesis. We collected 40 cases of MEITL and 27 cases of EATL, formerly known as type I EATL, and comparatively investigated the T-cell receptor (TCR) itself and associated signaling molecules using immunohistochemistry, amplicon deep sequencing and bisulfite pyrosequencing. The TCR showed both an αβ-T-cell origin (30%) and a γδ-T-cell derivation (55%) resulting in a predominant positive TCR phenotype in MEITL compared with the mainly silent TCR phenotype in EATL (65%). The immunohistochemical expression of the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) turned out to be a distinctive feature of MEITL (95%) compared with EATL (0%). Aberrant SYK overexpression in MEITL is likely caused by hypomethylation of the SYK promoter, while no common mutations in the SYK gene or in its promoter could be detected. Using amplicon deep sequencing, mutations in DNMT3A, IDH2, and TET2 were infrequent events in MEITL and EATL. Immunohistochemical expression of linker for activation of T-cells (LAT) subdivided MEITL into a LAT expressing subset (33%) and a LAT silent subset (67%) with a potentially earlier disease onset in LAT-positive MEITL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Mutzbauer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katja Maurus
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Clara Buszello
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University and University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Chott
- Institute of Pathology and Microbiology, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Geissinger
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University and University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
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40
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Choi J, Pease DR, Chen S, Zhang B, Phee H. P21-activated kinase 2 is essential in maintenance of peripheral Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Immunology 2018; 154:309-321. [PMID: 29297928 PMCID: PMC5980155 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The p21‐activated kinase 2 (Pak2), an effector molecule of the Rho family GTPases Rac and Cdc42, regulates diverse functions of T cells. Previously, we showed that Pak2 is required for development and maturation of T cells in the thymus, including thymus‐derived regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, whether Pak2 is required for the functions of various subsets of peripheral T cells, such as naive CD4 and helper T‐cell subsets including Foxp3+ Treg cells, is unknown. To determine the role of Pak2 in CD4 T cells in the periphery, we generated inducible Pak2 knockout (KO) mice, in which Pak2 was deleted in CD4 T cells acutely by administration of tamoxifen. Temporal deletion of Pak2 greatly reduced the number of Foxp3+ Treg cells, while minimally affecting the homeostasis of naive CD4 T cells. Pak2 was required for proliferation and Foxp3 expression of Foxp3+ Treg cells upon T‐cell receptor and interleukin‐2 stimulation, differentiation of in vitro induced Treg cells, and activation of naive CD4 T cells. Together, Pak2 is essential in maintaining the peripheral Treg cell pool by providing proliferation and maintenance signals to Foxp3+ Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Choi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Randall Pease
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hyewon Phee
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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41
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Microfluidic single-cell technology in immunology and antibody screening. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 59:47-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Pizzi M, Margolskee E, Inghirami G. Pathogenesis of Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 13:293-320. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pizzi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Margolskee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Pathology and NYU Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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43
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Newell EW, Becht E. High-Dimensional Profiling of Tumor-Specific Immune Responses: Asking T Cells about What They “See” in Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:2-9. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Wang Y, Luo F, Yang J, Zhao C, Chu Y. New Chimeric Antigen Receptor Design for Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1934. [PMID: 29312360 PMCID: PMC5744429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has become popular in immunotherapy, particularly after its tremendous success in the treatment of lineage-restricted hematologic cancers. However, the application of CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors has not reached its full potential because of the lack of specific tumor antigens and inhibitory factors in suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) (e.g., programmed death ligand-1, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and transforming growth factor-β). In this review, we include some limitations in CAR design, such as tumor heterogeneity, indefinite spatial distance between CAR T-cell and its target cell, and suppressive TME. We also summarize some new approaches to overcome these hurdles, including targeting neoantigens and/or multiple antigens at once and depleting some inhibitory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chujun Zhao
- Northfield Mount Hermon School, Mount Hermon, MA, United States
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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45
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Sharma Y, Bashir S, Bhardwaj P, Ahmad A, Khan F. Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1: resurgence as new drug target for human autoimmune disorders. Immunol Res 2017; 64:804-19. [PMID: 27216862 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of self-antigen and its destruction by the immune system is the hallmark of autoimmune diseases. During the developmental stages, immune cells are introduced to the self-antigen, for which tolerance develops. The inflammatory insults that break the immune tolerance provoke immune system against self-antigen, progressively leading to autoimmune diseases. SH2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), SHP-1, was identified as hematopoietic cell-specific PTP that regulates immune function from developing immune tolerance to mediating cell signaling post-immunoreceptor activation. The extensive research on SHP-1-deficient mice elucidated the diversified role of SHP-1 in immune regulation, and inflammatory process and related disorders such as cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative diseases. The present review focalizes upon the implication of SHP-1 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, such as allergic asthma, neutrophilic dermatosis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis, so as to lay the background in pursuance of developing therapeutic strategies targeting SHP-1. Also, new SHP-1 molecular targets have been suggested like SIRP-α, PIPKIγ, and RIP-1 that may prove to be the focal point for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadhu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Samina Bashir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Puja Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Altaf Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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46
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Domogalla MP, Rostan PV, Raker VK, Steinbrink K. Tolerance through Education: How Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Shape Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1764. [PMID: 29375543 PMCID: PMC5770648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are central players in the initiation and control of responses, regulating the balance between tolerance and immunity. Tolerogenic DCs are essential in the maintenance of central and peripheral tolerance by induction of clonal T cell deletion and T cell anergy, inhibition of memory and effector T cell responses, and generation and activation of regulatory T cells. Therefore, tolerogenic DCs are promising candidates for specific cellular therapy of allergic and autoimmune diseases and for treatment of transplant rejection. Studies performed in rodents have demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of tolerogenic DCs for tolerance induction in various inflammatory diseases. In the last years, numerous protocols for the generation of human monocyte-derived tolerogenic DCs have been established and some first phase I trials have been conducted in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders, demonstrating the safety and efficiency of this cell-based immunotherapy. This review gives an overview about methods and protocols for the generation of human tolerogenic DCs and their mechanisms of tolerance induction with the focus on interleukin-10-modulated DCs. In addition, we will discuss the prerequisites for optimal clinical grade tolerogenic DC subsets and results of clinical trials with tolerogenic DCs in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Domogalla
- Department of Dermatology, Division for Experimental and Translational Research, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patricia V Rostan
- Department of Dermatology, Division for Experimental and Translational Research, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena K Raker
- Department of Dermatology, Division for Experimental and Translational Research, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, Division for Experimental and Translational Research, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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47
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Josefsson SE, Huse K, Kolstad A, Beiske K, Pende D, Steen CB, Inderberg EM, Lingjærde OC, Østenstad B, Smeland EB, Levy R, Irish JM, Myklebust JH. T Cells Expressing Checkpoint Receptor TIGIT Are Enriched in Follicular Lymphoma Tumors and Characterized by Reversible Suppression of T-cell Receptor Signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:870-881. [PMID: 29217528 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: T cells infiltrating follicular lymphoma (FL) tumors are considered dysfunctional, yet the optimal target for immune checkpoint blockade is unknown. Characterizing coinhibitory receptor expression patterns and signaling responses in FL T-cell subsets might reveal new therapeutic targets.Experimental Design: Surface expression of 9 coinhibitory receptors governing T-cell function was characterized in T-cell subsets from FL lymph node tumors and from healthy donor tonsils and peripheral blood samples, using high-dimensional flow cytometry. The results were integrated with T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced signaling and cytokine production. Expression of T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) ligands was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results: TIGIT was a frequently expressed coinhibitory receptor in FL, expressed by the majority of CD8 T effector memory cells, which commonly coexpressed exhaustion markers such as PD-1 and CD244. CD8 FL T cells demonstrated highly reduced TCR-induced phosphorylation (p) of ERK and reduced production of IFNγ, while TCR proximal signaling (p-CD3ζ, p-SLP76) was not affected. The TIGIT ligands CD112 and CD155 were expressed by follicular dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment. Dysfunctional TCR signaling correlated with TIGIT expression in FL CD8 T cells and could be fully restored upon in vitro culture. The costimulatory receptor CD226 was downregulated in TIGIT+ compared with TIGIT- CD8 FL T cells, further skewing the balance toward immunosuppression.Conclusions: TIGIT blockade is a relevant strategy for improved immunotherapy in FL. A deeper understanding of the interplay between coinhibitory receptors and key T-cell signaling events can further assist in engineering immunotherapeutic regimens to improve clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res; 24(4); 870-81. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Josefsson
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kanutte Huse
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Kolstad
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Beiske
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniela Pende
- Immunology Laboratory, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Chloé B Steen
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Computer Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ole Christian Lingjærde
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Computer Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Østenstad
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend B Smeland
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ronald Levy
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - June H Myklebust
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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48
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Karim AF, Sande OJ, Tomechko SE, Ding X, Li M, Maxwell S, Ewing RM, Harding CV, Rojas RE, Chance MR, Boom WH. Proteomics and Network Analyses Reveal Inhibition of Akt-mTOR Signaling in CD4 + T Cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mannose-Capped Lipoarabinomannan. Proteomics 2017; 17:1700233. [PMID: 28994205 PMCID: PMC5725663 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell wall glycolipid mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) inhibits CD4+ T-cell activation by inhibiting proximal T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling when activated by anti-CD3. To understand the impact of ManLAM on CD4+ T-cell function when both the TCR-CD3 complex and major costimulator CD28 are engaged, we performed label-free quantitative MS and network analysis. Mixed-effect model analysis of peptide intensity identified 149 unique peptides representing 131 proteins that were differentially regulated by ManLAM in anti-CD3- and anti-CD28-activated CD4+ T cells. Crosstalker, a novel network analysis tool identified dysregulated translation, TCA cycle, and RNA metabolism network modules. PCNA, Akt, mTOR, and UBC were found to be bridge node proteins connecting these modules of dysregulated proteins. Altered PCNA expression and cell cycle analysis showed arrest at the G2M phase. Western blot confirmed that ManLAM inhibited Akt and mTOR phosphorylation, and decreased expression of deubiquitinating enzymes Usp9x and Otub1. Decreased NF-κB phosphorylation suggested interference with CD28 signaling through inhibition of the Usp9x-Akt-mTOR pathway. Thus, ManLAM induced global changes in the CD4+ T-cell proteome by affecting Akt-mTOR signaling, resulting in broad functional impairment of CD4+ T-cell activation beyond inhibition of proximal TCR-CD3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad F. Karim
- Department of MedicineUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
- Department of Molecular Biology & MicrobiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Obondo J. Sande
- Department of MedicineUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Sara E. Tomechko
- Center for Proteomics & BioinformaticsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Xuedong Ding
- Department of MedicineUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Ming Li
- Center for Proteomics & BioinformaticsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Sean Maxwell
- Center for Proteomics & BioinformaticsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Rob M. Ewing
- Centre for Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Clifford V. Harding
- Department of Molecular Biology & MicrobiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Roxana E. Rojas
- Department of Molecular Biology & MicrobiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Mark R. Chance
- Center for Proteomics & BioinformaticsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - W. Henry Boom
- Department of MedicineUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
- Department of Molecular Biology & MicrobiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
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49
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Roy S, Bag AK, Singh RK, Talmadge JE, Batra SK, Datta K. Multifaceted Role of Neuropilins in the Immune System: Potential Targets for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1228. [PMID: 29067024 PMCID: PMC5641316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRPs) are non-tyrosine kinase cell surface glycoproteins expressed in all vertebrates and widely conserved across species. The two isoforms, such as neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and neuropilin-2 (NRP2), mainly act as coreceptors for class III Semaphorins and for members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of molecules and are widely known for their role in a wide array of physiological processes, such as cardiovascular, neuronal development and patterning, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, as well as various clinical disorders. Intriguingly, additional roles for NRPs occur with myeloid and lymphoid cells, in normal physiological as well as different pathological conditions, including cancer, immunological disorders, and bone diseases. However, little is known concerning the molecular pathways that govern these functions. In addition, NRP1 expression has been characterized in different immune cellular phenotypes including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cell subsets, especially regulatory T cell populations. By contrast, the functions of NRP2 in immune cells are less well known. In this review, we briefly summarize the genomic organization, structure, and binding partners of the NRPs and extensively discuss the recent advances in their role and function in different immune cell subsets and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Arup K Bag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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50
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Garreau A, Blaize G, Argenty J, Rouquié N, Tourdès A, Wood SA, Saoudi A, Lesourne R. Grb2-Mediated Recruitment of USP9X to LAT Enhances Themis Stability following Thymic Selection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2758-2766. [PMID: 28877990 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Themis is a new component of the TCR signaling machinery that plays a critical role during T cell development. The positive selection of immature CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes and their commitment to the CD4+CD8- single-positive stage are impaired in Themis-/- mice, suggesting that Themis might be important to sustain TCR signals during these key developmental processes. However, the analysis of Themis mRNA levels revealed that Themis gene expression is rapidly extinguished during positive selection. We show in this article that Themis protein expression is increased in double-positive thymocytes undergoing positive selection and is sustained in immature single-positive thymocytes, despite the strong decrease in Themis mRNA levels in these subsets. We found that Themis stability is controlled by the ubiquitin-specific protease USP9X, which removes ubiquitin K48-linked chains on Themis following TCR engagement. Biochemical analyses indicate that USP9X binds directly to the N-terminal CABIT domain of Themis and indirectly to the adaptor protein Grb2, with the latter interaction enabling recruitment of Themis/USP9X complexes to LAT, thereby sustaining Themis expression following positive selection. Together, these data suggest that TCR-mediated signals enhance Themis stability upon T cell development and identify USP9X as a key regulator of Themis protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Garreau
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Gaëtan Blaize
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Jérémy Argenty
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Nelly Rouquié
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Audrey Tourdès
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Stephen A Wood
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Renaud Lesourne
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France; and
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