1
|
Schafer S, Chen K, Ma L. Crosstalking with Dendritic Cells: A Path to Engineer Advanced T Cell Immunotherapy. FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:1372995. [PMID: 38911455 PMCID: PMC11192543 DOI: 10.3389/fsysb.2024.1372995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses in natural and pathological conditions. DC-T cell crosstalk is achieved through contact-dependent (i.e., immunological synapse) and contact-independent mechanisms (i.e., cytokines). Activated DCs upregulate co-stimulatory signals and secrete proinflammatory cytokines to orchestrate T cell activation and differentiation. Conversely, activated T helper cells "license" DCs towards maturation, while regulatory T cells (Tregs) silence DCs to elicit tolerogenic immunity. Strategies to efficiently modulate the DC-T cell crosstalk can be harnessed to promote immune activation for cancer immunotherapy or immune tolerance for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the natural crosstalk mechanisms between DC and T cells. We highlight bioengineering approaches to modulate DC-T cell crosstalk, including conventional vaccines, synthetic vaccines, and DC-mimics, and key seminal studies leveraging these approaches to steer immune response for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Schafer
- Center for Craniofacial Innovation, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kaige Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leyuan Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, US
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Yao Z. Immune cell trafficking: a novel perspective on the gut-skin axis. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:21. [PMID: 38654394 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell trafficking, an essential mechanism for maintaining immunological homeostasis and mounting effective responses to infections, operates under a stringent regulatory framework. Recent advances have shed light on the perturbation of cell migration patterns, highlighting how such disturbances can propagate inflammatory diseases from their origin to distal organs. This review collates and discusses current evidence that demonstrates atypical communication between the gut and skin, which are conventionally viewed as distinct immunological spheres, in the milieu of inflammation. We focus on the aberrant, reciprocal translocation of immune cells along the gut-skin axis as a pivotal factor linking intestinal and dermatological inflammatory conditions. Recognizing that the translation of these findings into clinical practices is nascent, we suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the axis may offer substantial benefits in mitigating the widespread impact of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asgari F, Nikzamir A, Baghaei K, Salami S, Masotti A, Rostami-Nejad M. Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vitamin A and Tryptophan on Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Stimulated with Gliadin in Celiac Disease Patients. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02004-7. [PMID: 38492186 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder with various symptoms upon gluten exposure. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in gliadin-induced inflammation. Vitamin A (retinol; Ret) and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), along with tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolite, kynurenic acid (KYNA), are known to influence the immune function of DCs and enhance their tolerogenicity. This research aims to assess the impact of gliadin on DC maturation and the potential of vitamin A and tryptophan to induce immune tolerance in DCs. The monocyte cells obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of celiac disease patients were differentiated into DCs in the absence or presence of Ret, RA, Trp, KYNA, and then stimulated with peptic and tryptic (PT) digested of gliadin. We used flow cytometry to analyze CD11c, CD14, HLA-DR, CD83, CD86, and CD103 expression. ELISA was carried out to measure TGF-β, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α levels. qRT-PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) and integrin αE (CD103). The mRNA and protein levels of Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot assays, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that PT-gliadin enhances the expression of maturation markers, i.e. CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR and promote the secretion of TNF-α and IL-12 in DCs. Interestingly, vitamin A, tryptophan, and their metabolites increase the expression of CD103, while limiting the expression of HLA-DR, CD83, and CD86. They also enhance RALDH2 and IDO expression and promote the secretion of TGF-β and IL-10, while limiting IL-12 and TNF-α secretion. These findings suggest that vitamin A and tryptophan have beneficial effects on PT-gliadin-stimulated DCs, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents for celiac disease. However, further research is needed to fully understand their underlying mechanisms of action in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Asgari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo L, Bao W, Yang S, Liu Y, Lyu J, Wang T, Lu Y, Li H, Zhu H, Chen D. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in Xuanbai-Chengqi decoction strengthens the intestinal barrier function and promotes lung barrier repair in preventing severe viral pneumonia induced by influenza A virus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117231. [PMID: 37783404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xuanbai-Chengqi decoction (XCD) is a traditional prescription for treating multiple organ injuries, which has been used to manage pneumonia caused by various pathogens. However, the effects of XCD on repairing pulmonary/intestinal barrier damage remain unclear, and there is a need to understand the compatibility mechanism of rhubarb. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aims to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of XCD on the pulmonary/intestinal barrier guided by the theory of "gut-lung concurrent treatment". Moreover, we elucidate the compatibility mechanism of rhubarb in XCD. MATERIALS AND METHODS An H1N1 virus-infected mouse model was adopted to investigate the reparative effects of XCD on the lung-intestinal barrier by assessing lung-intestinal permeability. Additionally, the characterization of type I alveolar epithelial cells (AT1) and type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT2) was performed to evaluate the damage to the alveolar epithelial barrier. The specific barrier-protective mechanisms of XCD were elucidated by detecting tight junction proteins and the epithelial cell repair factor IL-22. The role of rhubarb in XCD to pneumonia treatment was investigated through lung tissue transcriptome sequencing and flow cytometry. RESULTS XCD significantly improved lung tissue edema, inflammation, and alveolar epithelial barrier damage by regulating IL-6, IL-10, and IL-22, which, could further improve pulmonary barrier permeability when combined with the protection of alveolar epithelial cells (AT1 and AT2) as well as inhibition of H1N1 virus replication. Simultaneously, XCD significantly reduced intestinal inflammation and barrier damage by regulating IL-6, IL-1β, and tight junction protein levels (Claudin-1 and ZO-1), improving intestinal barrier permeability. The role of rhubarb in the treatment of pneumonia is clarified for the first time. In the progression of severe pneumonia, rhubarb can significantly protect the intestinal barrier, promote the repair of AT2 cells, and inhibit the accumulation of CD11b+Ly6Gvariable aberrant neutrophils by regulating the S100A8 protein. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings suggest that rhubarb in XCD plays a critical role in protecting intestinal barrier function and promoting lung barrier repair in preventing severe viral pneumonia caused by influenza A virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Guo
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Weilian Bao
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Shuiyuan Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jiaren Lyu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Biological Medicines, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong, District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong, District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu Y, Wang J, Wu MX. Microneedle-Mediated Immunization Promotes Lung CD8+ T-Cell Immunity. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1983-1992.e3. [PMID: 37044258 PMCID: PMC10524108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle array has proven more efficient in stimulating humoral immunity than intramuscular vaccination. However, its effectiveness in inducing pulmonary CD8+ T cells remains elusive, which is essential to the frontline defense against pulmonary viral infections such as influenza and COVID-19 viruses. The current investigation reveals that superior CD8+ T-cell responses are elicited by immunization with a microneedle array over intradermal or intramuscular immunization using the model antigen ovalbumin, irrespective of whether or not the antigen is provided in the lung. Mechanistically, microneedle array-mediated immunization targeted the epidermal layer and stimulated predominantly Langerhans cells, resulting in increased expression of α4β1 adhesion molecules on the CD8+ T-cell surface, which may play a role in T-cell homing to the lung, whereas CD8+ T cells induced by intramuscular immunization did not express the adhesion molecule sufficiently. CD8+ T cells with a lung-homing propensity were also seen after intradermal vaccination, yet to a much lesser extent. Accordingly, microneedle array immunization provided stronger protection against influenza viral infection than intradermal or intramuscular immunization. The observations offer insights into a strong cross-talk between epidermal immunization and lung immunity and are valuable for designing and delivering vaccines against respiratory viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ji Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; The first affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu Q, Liu T, Han Z, Zhao J, Fan X, Wang H, Song J, Ye H, Sun J. Revolutionizing cancer treatment: The power of cell-based drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2023; 361:604-620. [PMID: 37579974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous administration of drugs is a widely used cancer therapy approach. However, the efficacy of these drugs is often hindered by various biological barriers, including circulation, accumulation, and penetration, resulting in poor delivery to solid tumors. Recently, cell-based drug delivery platforms have emerged as promising solutions to overcome these limitations. These platforms offer several advantages, including prolonged circulation time, active targeting, controlled release, and excellent biocompatibility. Cell-based delivery systems encompass cell membrane coating, intracellular loading, and extracellular backpacking. These innovative platforms hold the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, presenting a plethora of opportunities for the advancement and integration of pharmaceuticals, medicine, and materials science. Nevertheless, several technological, ethical, and financial barriers must be addressed to facilitate the translation of these platforms into clinical practice. In this review, we explore the emerging strategies to overcome these challenges, focusing specifically on the functions and advantages of cell-mediated drug delivery in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Zeyu Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Helin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics & Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Larson JH, Jin S, Loschi M, Bolivar Wagers S, Thangavelu G, Zaiken MC, McDonald-Hyman C, Saha A, Aguilar EG, Koehn B, Osborn MJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Macdonald KPA, Hill GR, Murphy WJ, Serody JS, Maillard I, Kean LS, Kim SV, Littman DR, Blazar BR. Enforced gut homing of murine regulatory T cells reduces early graft-versus-host disease severity. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1102-1115. [PMID: 36878433 PMCID: PMC10475494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Damage to the gastrointestinal tract following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a significant contributor to the severity and perpetuation of graft-versus-host disease. In preclinical models and clinical trials, we showed that infusing high numbers of regulatory T cells reduces graft-versus-host disease incidence. Despite no change in in vitro suppressive function, transfer of ex vivo expanded regulatory T cells transduced to overexpress G protein-coupled receptor 15 or C-C motif chemokine receptor 9, specific homing receptors for colon or small intestine, respectively, lessened graft-versus-host disease severity in mice. Increased regulatory T cell frequency and retention within the gastrointestinal tissues of mice that received gut homing T cells correlated with lower inflammation and gut damage early post-transplant, decreased graft-versus-host disease severity, and prolonged survival compared with those receiving control transduced regulatory T cells. These data provide evidence that enforced targeting of ex vivo expanded regulatory T cells to the gastrointestinal tract diminishes gut injury and is associated with decreased graft-versus-host disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemma H Larson
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sujeong Jin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Loschi
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sara Bolivar Wagers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael C Zaiken
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cameron McDonald-Hyman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Asim Saha
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ethan G Aguilar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brent Koehn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark J Osborn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kelli P A Macdonald
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Immunology Department, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sangwon V Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Piovani D, Brunetta E, Bonovas S. UV radiation and air pollution as drivers of major autoimmune conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115449. [PMID: 36764434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases comprise a very heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by disruptive immune responses against self-antigens, chronic morbidity and increased mortality. The incidence and prevalence of major autoimmune conditions are particularly high in the western world, at northern latitudes, and in industrialized countries. This study will mainly focus on five major autoimmune conditions, namely type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune thyroid disorders. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests a protective role of sunlight exposure on the etiology of major autoimmune conditions mediated by the endogenous production of vitamin D and nitric oxide. A historical perspective shows how the rise of anthropogenic air pollutants is temporally associated with dramatic increases in incidence of these conditions. The scattering caused by ambient particulate matter and the presence of tropospheric ozone can reduce the endogenous production of vitamin D and nitric oxide, which are implicated in maintaining the immune homeostasis. Air pollutants have direct detrimental effects on the human body and are deemed responsible of an increasingly higher portion of the annual burden of human morbidity and mortality. Air pollution contributes in systemic inflammation, activates oxidative pathways, induces epigenetic alterations, and modulates the function and phenotype of dendritic cells, Tregs, and T-cells. In this review, we provide epidemiological and mechanistic insights regarding the role of UV-mediated effects in immunity and how anthropic-derived air pollution may affect major autoimmune conditions through direct and indirect mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Piovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Enrico Brunetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefanos Bonovas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rozaliyani A, Antariksa B, Nurwidya F, Zaini J, Setianingrum F, Hasan F, Nugrahapraja H, Yusva H, Wibowo H, Bowolaksono A, Kosmidis C. The Fungal and Bacterial Interface in the Respiratory Mycobiome with a Focus on Aspergillus spp. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041017. [PMID: 37109545 PMCID: PMC10142979 DOI: 10.3390/life13041017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the lung microbiome and its alteration are prevalently seen among chronic lung diseases patients. However, studies to date have primarily focused on the bacterial microbiome in the lung rather than fungal composition, which might play an essential role in the mechanisms of several chronic lung diseases. It is now well established that Aspergillus spp. colonies may induce various unfavorable inflammatory responses. Furthermore, bacterial microbiomes such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa provide several mechanisms that inhibit or stimulate Aspergillus spp. life cycles. In this review, we highlighted fungal and bacterial microbiome interactions in the respiratory tract, with a focus on Aspergillus spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rozaliyani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Budhi Antariksa
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Fariz Nurwidya
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Jamal Zaini
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Findra Setianingrum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Firman Hasan
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Husna Nugrahapraja
- Life Science and Biotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40312, Indonesia
| | - Humaira Yusva
- Magister Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Anom Bowolaksono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Chris Kosmidis
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sawada Y. Occupational Skin Dermatitis among Healthcare Workers Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032989. [PMID: 36769309 PMCID: PMC9918113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the outermost layer of the human body and is continually exposed to numerous external stimuli, which can cause unwanted skin irritation. Occupational skin diseases are the most prevalent form of work-related illness and are found in a variety of sectors, particularly healthcare. During the recent COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals experienced a variety of unexpected, unusual occupational skin diseases associated with COVID-19-engaged employment. Because the clinical characteristics of these types of skin inflammation are unique, this review focuses on the characteristics of a large category of occupational workers, namely COVID-19-engaged healthcare professionals. Furthermore, we examined the potential pathogeneses of occupational skin disorders associated with COVID-19-engaged labor, as well as different preventative methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigoaka, Yahatanishi-Ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang WB, Lin YD, Zhao L, Liao C, Zhang Y, Davila M, Sun J, Chen Y, Xiong N. Developmentally programmed early-age skin localization of iNKT cells supports local tissue development and homeostasis. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:225-238. [PMID: 36624165 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Skin is exposed to various environmental assaults and undergoes morphological changes immediately after birth. Proper localization and function of immune cells in the skin is crucial for protection and establishment of skin tissue homeostasis. Here we report the discovery of a developmentally programmed process that directs preferential localization of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells to the skin for early local homeostatic regulation. We show that iNKT cells are programmed predominantly with a CCR10+ skin-homing phenotype during thymic development in infant and young mice. Early skin localization of iNKT cells is critical for proper commensal bacterial colonization and tissue development. Mechanistically, skin iNKT cells provide a local source of transferrin that regulates iron metabolism in hair follicle progenitor cells and helps hair follicle development. These findings provide molecular insights into the establishment and physiological functions of iNKT cells in the skin during early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yang-Ding Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luming Zhao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Micha Davila
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jasmine Sun
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, and Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Na Xiong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine-Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Lymphocyte Adhesion and Trafficking. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-8165-1.00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|
13
|
Bartolo L, Afroz S, Pan YG, Xu R, Williams L, Lin CF, Tanes C, Bittinger K, Friedman ES, Gimotty PA, Wu GD, Su LF. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in unexposed adults display broad trafficking potential and cross-react with commensal antigens. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn3127. [PMID: 35857619 PMCID: PMC9348748 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The baseline composition of T cells directly affects later response to pathogens, but the complexity of precursor states remains poorly defined. Here, we examined the baseline state of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cells in unexposed individuals. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells were identified in prepandemic blood samples by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II tetramer staining and enrichment. Our data revealed a substantial number of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells that expressed memory phenotype markers. Integrated phenotypic analyses demonstrated diverse preexisting memory states that included cells with distinct polarization features and trafficking potential to barrier tissues. T cell clones generated from tetramer-labeled cells cross-reacted with antigens from commensal bacteria in the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Direct ex vivo tetramer staining for one spike-specific population showed a similar level of cross-reactivity to sequences from endemic coronavirus and commensal bacteria. These data highlight the complexity of precursor T cell repertoire and implicate noninfectious exposures to common microbes as a key factor that shapes human preexisting immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bartolo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sumbul Afroz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi-Gen Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruozhang Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lea Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chin-Fang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ceylan Tanes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elliot S. Friedman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Phyllis A. Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Gary D. Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura F. Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi C, Zhou L, Li H, Shi X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhu H, Chen D. Intestinal microbiota metabolizing Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides in H1N1 induced pneumonia mice contributed to Th17/Treg rebalance in gut-lung axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:288-302. [PMID: 36084869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus is intricately linked to dysregulation of gut microbiota and host immunity. Previous study revealed that Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides (HCP) exert the therapeutic effect on influenza A virus inducing lung and intestine damage via regulating pulmonary and intestinal mucosal immunity. However, whether this result was due to the regulation of gut microbiota in the gut-lung axis remains unclear. Here, we firstly found that the elimination of gut microbiota using antibiotic cocktails led to both loss of the protective effect of HCP on intestine and lung injury, and reduction of the efficacy on regulating Th17/Treg balance in gut-lung axis. Fecal microbiota transplantation study confirmed that the gut microbiota fermented with HCP under pathological conditions (H1N1 infection) was responsible for reducing pulmonary and intestinal injury. Moreover, the interaction of HCP and gut microbiota under pathological conditions exhibited not only much more abundant gut microbial diversity, but also higher content of the acetate. Our results demonstrated that the underlying mechanism to ameliorate viral pneumonia in mice involving Th17/Treg rebalance via the gut microbiota and HCP metabolite (acetate) metabolized in pneumonia mice. Our results provided a new insight for macromolecular polysaccharides through targeting intestinal microenvironment reducing distant pulmonary infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Shi
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lishuang Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunlong Shi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728 Jinke Road, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li C, Lin YD, Wang WB, Xu M, Zhang N, Xiong N. Differential regulation of CD8 + CD86 + Vγ1.1 + γδT cell responses in skin barrier tissue protection and homeostatic maintenance. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1498-1509. [PMID: 35581932 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Compared to αβT cells, γδT cells are more innate-like and preferentially function as the first line of defense in barrier tissues. Certain populations of γδT cells possess adaptive immune cell properties but their regulation is not well understood. We herein report that while innate-like γδT17 cells dominated in the skin of WT mice, Vγ1.1+ γδT cells with adaptive T cell-like properties predominantly expanded in the skin of TCRβ-/- and B2m-/- mice. Commensal bacteria drove expansion of Vγ1.1+ skin γδT cells, functional properties of which correlated with local immune requirements. That is, Vγ1.1+ skin γδT cells in TCRβ-/- mice were a heterogeneous population; while Vγ1.1+ skin γδT cells in B2m-/- mice were mostly CD8+ CD86+ cells that had a similar function of CD8+ CD86+ skin αβT cells in supporting local Treg cells. We also found that intrinsic TGF-β receptor 2-derived signals in skin CD8+ αβT and γδT cells are required for their expression of CD86, a molecule important in supporting skin Treg cells. Our findings reveal broad functional potentials of γδT cells that are coordinately regulated with αβT cells to help maintain local tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Ding Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Wei-Bei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Na Xiong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hippen KL, Hefazi M, Larson JH, Blazar BR. Emerging translational strategies and challenges for enhancing regulatory T cell therapy for graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926550. [PMID: 35967386 PMCID: PMC9366169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative therapy for many types of cancer. Genetic disparities between donor and host can result in immune-mediated attack of host tissues, known as graft versus host disease (GVHD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality following HSCT. Regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) are a rare cell type crucial for immune system homeostasis, limiting the activation and differentiation of effector T cells (Teff) that are self-reactive or stimulated by foreign antigen exposure. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with Treg has demonstrated, first in murine models and now in patients, that prophylactic Treg infusion can also suppress GVHD. While clinical trials have demonstrated Treg reduce severe GVHD occurrence, several impediments remain, including Treg variability and practical need for individualized Treg production for each patient. Additionally, there are challenges in the use of in vitro expansion techniques and in achieving in vivo Treg persistence in context of both immune suppressive drugs and in lymphoreplete patients being treated for GVHD. This review will focus on 3 main translational approaches taken to improve the efficacy of tTreg ACT in GVHD prophylaxis and development of treatment options, following HSCT: genetic modification, manipulating TCR and cytokine signaling, and Treg production protocols. In vitro expansion for Treg ACT presents a multitude of approaches for gene modification to improve efficacy, including: antigen specificity, tissue targeting, deletion of negative regulators/exhaustion markers, resistance to immunosuppressive drugs common in GVHD treatment. Such expansion is particularly important in patients without significant lymphopenia that can drive Treg expansion, enabling a favorable Treg:Teff ratio in vivo. Several potential therapeutics have also been identified that enhance tTreg stability or persistence/expansion following ACT that target specific pathways, including: DNA/histone methylation status, TCR/co-stimulation signaling, and IL-2/STAT5 signaling. Finally, this review will discuss improvements in Treg production related to tissue source, Treg subsets, therapeutic approaches to increase Treg suppression and stability during tTreg expansion, and potential for storing large numbers of Treg from a single production run to be used as an off-the-shelf infusion product capable of treating multiple recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keli L. Hippen
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mehrdad Hefazi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jemma H. Larson
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baker JR, Farazuddin M, Wong PT, O'Konek JJ. The unfulfilled potential of mucosal immunization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1-11. [PMID: 35569567 PMCID: PMC9098804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent events involving the global coronavirus pandemic have focused attention on vaccination strategies. Although tremendous advances have been made in subcutaneous and intramuscular vaccines during this time, one area that has lagged in implementation is mucosal immunization. Mucosal immunization provides several potential advantages over subcutaneous and intramuscular routes, including protection from localized infection at the site of entry, clearance of organisms on mucosal surfaces, induction of long-term immunity through establishment of central and tissue-resident memory cells, and the ability to shape regulatory responses. Despite these advantages, significant barriers remain to achieving effective mucosal immunization. The epithelium itself provides many obstacles to immunization, and the activation of immune recognition and effector pathways that leads to mucosal immunity has been difficult to achieve. This review will highlight the potential advantages of mucosal immunity, define the barriers to mucosal immunization, examine the immune mechanisms that need to be activated on mucosal surfaces, and finally address recent developments in methods for mucosal vaccination that have shown promise in generating immunity on mucosal surfaces in human trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Baker
- From the Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| | - Mohammad Farazuddin
- From the Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Pamela T Wong
- From the Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Jessica J O'Konek
- From the Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Proulx ST, Engelhardt B. Central nervous system zoning: How brain barriers establish subdivisions for CNS immune privilege and immune surveillance. J Intern Med 2022; 292:47-67. [PMID: 35184353 PMCID: PMC9314672 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) coordinates all our body functions. Neurons in the CNS parenchyma achieve this computational task by high speed communication via electrical and chemical signals and thus rely on a strictly regulated homeostatic environment, which does not tolerate uncontrolled entry of blood components including immune cells. The CNS thus has a unique relationship with the immune system known as CNS immune privilege. Previously ascribed to the presence of blood-brain barriers and the lack of lymphatic vessels in the CNS parenchyma prohibiting, respectively, efferent and afferent connections with the peripheral immune system, it is now appreciated that CNS immune surveillance is ensured by cellular and acellular brain barriers that limit immune cell and mediator accessibility to specific compartments at the borders of the CNS. CNS immune privilege is established by a brain barriers anatomy resembling the architecture of a medieval castle surrounded by two walls bordering a castle moat. Built for protection and defense this two-walled rampart at the outer perimeter of the CNS parenchyma allows for accommodation of different immune cell subsets and efficient monitoring of potential danger signals derived from inside or outside of the CNS parenchyma. It enables effective mounting of immune responses within the subarachnoid or perivascular spaces, while leaving the CNS parenchyma relatively undisturbed. In this study, we propose that CNS immune privilege rests on the proper function of the brain barriers, which allow for CNS immune surveillance but prohibit activation of immune responses from the CNS parenchyma unless it is directly injured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Proulx
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barreto de Albuquerque J, Altenburger LM, Abe J, von Werdt D, Wissmann S, Martínez Magdaleno J, Francisco D, van Geest G, Ficht X, Iannacone M, Bruggmann R, Mueller C, Stein JV. Microbial uptake in oral mucosa-draining lymph nodes leads to rapid release of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells lacking a gut-homing phenotype. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabf1861. [PMID: 35714202 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract constitutes an essential barrier against ingested microbes, including potential pathogens. Although immune reactions are well studied in the lower GI tract, it remains unclear how adaptive immune responses are initiated during microbial challenge of the oral mucosa (OM), the primary site of microbial encounter in the upper GI tract. Here, we identify mandibular lymph nodes (mandLNs) as sentinel lymphoid organs that intercept ingested Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). Oral Lm uptake led to local activation and release of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that constituted most of the early circulating effector T cell (TEFF) pool. MandLN-primed TEFF disseminated to lymphoid organs, lung, and OM and contributed substantially to rapid elimination of target cells. In contrast to CD8+ TEFF generated in mesenteric LN (MLN) during intragastric infection, mandLN-primed TEFF lacked a gut-seeking phenotype, which correlated with low expression of enzymes required for gut-homing imprinting by mandLN stromal and dendritic cells. Accordingly, mandLN-primed TEFF decreased Lm burden in spleen but not MLN after intestinal infection. Our findings extend the concept of regional specialization of immune responses along the length of the GI tract, with CD8+ TEFF generated in the upper GI tract displaying homing profiles that differ from those imprinted by lymphoid tissue of the lower GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas M Altenburger
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Diego von Werdt
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Wissmann
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jose Martínez Magdaleno
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - David Francisco
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Geert van Geest
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Remy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mapunda JA, Tibar H, Regragui W, Engelhardt B. How Does the Immune System Enter the Brain? Front Immunol 2022; 13:805657. [PMID: 35273596 PMCID: PMC8902072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.805657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is considered the most frequent inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It occurs with a variable prevalence across the world. A rich armamentarium of disease modifying therapies selectively targeting specific actions of the immune system is available for the treatment of MS. Understanding how and where immune cells are primed, how they access the CNS in MS and how immunomodulatory treatments affect neuroinflammation requires a proper knowledge on the mechanisms regulating immune cell trafficking and the special anatomy of the CNS. The brain barriers divide the CNS into different compartments that differ with respect to their accessibility to cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. In steady state, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits immune cell trafficking to activated T cells, which can reach the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filled compartments to ensure CNS immune surveillance. In MS immune cells breach a second barrier, the glia limitans to reach the CNS parenchyma. Here we will summarize the role of the endothelial, epithelial and glial brain barriers in regulating immune cell entry into the CNS and which immunomodulatory treatments for MS target the brain barriers. Finally, we will explore current knowledge on genetic and environmental factors that may influence immune cell entry into the CNS during neuroinflammation in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Houyam Tibar
- Medical School of Rabat, Mohamed 5 University, Rabat, Morocco.,Hôpital des spécialités de Rabat, Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Wafa Regragui
- Medical School of Rabat, Mohamed 5 University, Rabat, Morocco.,Hôpital des spécialités de Rabat, Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Simons P, Guo Y, Bondu V, Tigert SL, Harkins M, Goodfellow S, Tompkins C, Chabot-Richards D, Yang XO, Bosc LG, Bradfute S, Lawrence DA, Buranda T. Longitudinal Assessment of Cytokine Expression and Plasminogen Activation in Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome Reveals Immune Regulatory Dysfunction in End-Stage Disease. Viruses 2021; 13:1597. [PMID: 34452463 PMCID: PMC8402847 DOI: 10.3390/v13081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic New World orthohantaviruses cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe immunopathogenic disease in humans manifested by pulmonary edema and respiratory distress, with case fatality rates approaching 40%. High levels of inflammatory mediators are present in the lungs and systemic circulation of HCPS patients. Previous studies have provided insights into the pathophysiology of HCPS. However, the longitudinal correlations of innate and adaptive immune responses and disease outcomes remain unresolved. This study analyzed serial immune responses in 13 HCPS cases due to Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV), with 11 severe cases requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment and two mild cases. We measured viral load, levels of various cytokines, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). We found significantly elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and PAI-1 in five end-stage cases. There was no difference between the expression of active uPA in survivors' and decedents' cases. However, total uPA in decedents' cases was significantly higher compared to survivors'. In some end-stage cases, uPA was refractory to PAI-1 inhibition as measured by zymography, where uPA and PAI-1 were strongly correlated to lymphocyte counts and IFN-γ. We also found bacterial co-infection influencing the etiology and outcome of immune response in two cases. Unsupervised Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical cluster analyses resolved separate waves of correlated immune mediators expressed in one case patient due to a sequential co-infection of bacteria and SNV. Overall, a robust proinflammatory immune response, characterized by an imbalance in T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T-cells (Treg) subsets, was correlated with dysregulated inflammation and mortality. Our sample size is small; however, the core differences correlated to survivors and end-stage HCPS are instructive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Simons
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (P.S.); (V.B.); (C.T.); (D.C.-R.)
| | - Yan Guo
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource Center, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Virginie Bondu
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (P.S.); (V.B.); (C.T.); (D.C.-R.)
| | - Susan L. Tigert
- Clinical and Translational Science Center (CTSC), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Michelle Harkins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.H.); (S.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Samuel Goodfellow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.H.); (S.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Cana Tompkins
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (P.S.); (V.B.); (C.T.); (D.C.-R.)
| | - Devon Chabot-Richards
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (P.S.); (V.B.); (C.T.); (D.C.-R.)
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Laura Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Steven Bradfute
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.H.); (S.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniel A. Lawrence
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Tione Buranda
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (P.S.); (V.B.); (C.T.); (D.C.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dijkgraaf FE, Kok L, Schumacher TNM. Formation of Tissue-Resident CD8 + T-Cell Memory. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a038117. [PMID: 33685935 PMCID: PMC8327830 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells permanently reside in nonlymphoid tissues where they act as a first line of defense against recurrent pathogens. How and when antigen-inexperienced CD8+ T cells differentiate into Trm has been a topic of major interest, as knowledge on how to steer this process may be exploited in the development of vaccines and anticancer therapies. Here, we first review the current understanding of the early signals that CD8+ T cells receive before they have entered the tissue and that govern their capacity to develop into tissue-resident memory T cells. Subsequently, we discuss the tissue-derived factors that promote Trm maturation in situ. Combined, these data sketch a model in which a subset of responding T cells develops a heightened capacity to respond to local cues present in the tissue microenvironment, which thereby imprints their ability to contribute to the tissue-resident memory CD8+ T-cell pool that provide local control against pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feline E Dijkgraaf
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lianne Kok
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ton N M Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hiltensperger M, Beltrán E, Kant R, Tyystjärvi S, Lepennetier G, Domínguez Moreno H, Bauer IJ, Grassmann S, Jarosch S, Schober K, Buchholz VR, Kenet S, Gasperi C, Öllinger R, Rad R, Muschaweckh A, Sie C, Aly L, Knier B, Garg G, Afzali AM, Gerdes LA, Kümpfel T, Franzenburg S, Kawakami N, Hemmer B, Busch DH, Misgeld T, Dornmair K, Korn T. Skin and gut imprinted helper T cell subsets exhibit distinct functional phenotypes in central nervous system autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:880-892. [PMID: 34099917 PMCID: PMC7611097 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional single-cell analyses of T cells have fueled the debate about whether there is extensive plasticity or 'mixed' priming of helper T cell subsets in vivo. Here, we developed an experimental framework to probe the idea that the site of priming in the systemic immune compartment is a determinant of helper T cell-induced immunopathology in remote organs. By site-specific in vivo labeling of antigen-specific T cells in inguinal (i) or gut draining mesenteric (m) lymph nodes, we show that i-T cells and m-T cells isolated from the inflamed central nervous system (CNS) in a model of multiple sclerosis (MS) are distinct. i-T cells were Cxcr6+, and m-T cells expressed P2rx7. Notably, m-T cells infiltrated white matter, while i-T cells were also recruited to gray matter. Therefore, we propose that the definition of helper T cell subsets by their site of priming may guide an advanced understanding of helper T cell biology in health and disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Cell Lineage
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/immunology
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Fingolimod Hydrochloride/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Intestines/drug effects
- Intestines/immunology
- Intravital Microscopy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Prospective Studies
- RNA-Seq
- Receptors, CXCR6/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR6/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/metabolism
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/transplantation
- Transcriptome
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hiltensperger
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ravi Kant
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sofia Tyystjärvi
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gildas Lepennetier
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helena Domínguez Moreno
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel J Bauer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Simon Grassmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jarosch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit R Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Kenet
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Gasperi
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Muschaweckh
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Sie
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lilian Aly
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Knier
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Garima Garg
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali M Afzali
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sören Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Igyártó BZ, Jacobsen S, Ndeupen S. Future considerations for the mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine platform. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 48:65-72. [PMID: 33906124 PMCID: PMC8065267 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines based on mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) pioneered by Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman at the University of Pennsylvania are a promising new vaccine platform used by two of the leading vaccines against coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). However, there are many questions regarding their mechanism of action in humans that remain unanswered. Here we consider the immunological features of LNP components and off-target effects of the mRNA, both of which could increase the risk of side effects. We suggest ways to mitigate these potential risks by harnessing dendritic cell (DC) biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Botond Z Igyártó
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - Sonya Jacobsen
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Sonia Ndeupen
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stein JV, Ruef N, Wissmann S. Organ-Specific Surveillance and Long-Term Residency Strategies Adapted by Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626019. [PMID: 33659008 PMCID: PMC7917134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident CD8+ T cells (CD8+ TRM) populate lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues after infections as first line of defense against re-emerging pathogens. To achieve host protection, CD8+ TRM have developed surveillance strategies that combine dynamic interrogation of pMHC complexes on local stromal and hematopoietic cells with long-term residency. Factors mediating CD8+ TRM residency include CD69, a surface receptor opposing the egress-promoting S1P1, CD49a, a collagen-binding integrin, and CD103, which binds E-cadherin on epithelial cells. Moreover, the topography of the tissues of residency may influence TRM retention and surveillance strategies. Here, we provide a brief summary of these factors to examine how CD8+ TRM reconcile constant migratory behavior with their long-term commitment to local microenvironments, with a focus on epithelial barrier organs and exocrine glands with mixed connective-epithelial tissue composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nora Ruef
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Wissmann
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ishitsuka Y, Roop DR, Ogawa T. "Structural imprinting" of the cutaneous immune effector function. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1851561. [PMID: 33270506 PMCID: PMC7849724 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2020.1851561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinization provides tolerance to desiccation and mechanical durability. Loricrin, which is an epidermal thiol-rich protein, efficiently stabilizes terminally differentiated keratinocytes and maintains redox homeostasis. The discovery of the largely asymptomatic loricrin knockout (LKO) phenotype decades ago was rather unpredicted. Nevertheless, when including redox-driven, NF-E2-related factor 2-mediated backup responses, LKO mice provide opportunities for the observation of altered or "quasi-normal" homeostasis. Specifically, given that the tissue structure, as well as the local metabolism, transmits immunological signals, we sought to dissect the consequence of truncated epidermal differentiation program from immunological perspectives. Through a review of the aggregated evidence, we have attempted to generate an integrated view of the regulation of the peripheral immune system, which possibly occurs within the squamous epithelial tissue with truncated differentiation. This synthesis might not only provide insights into keratinization but also lead to the identification of factors intrinsic to the epidermis that imprint the immune effector function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Dennis R. Roop
- Department of Dermatology and Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Balmer ML, Ma EH, Thompson AJ, Epple R, Unterstab G, Lötscher J, Dehio P, Schürch CM, Warncke JD, Perrin G, Woischnig AK, Grählert J, Löliger J, Assmann N, Bantug GR, Schären OP, Khanna N, Egli A, Bubendorf L, Rentsch K, Hapfelmeier S, Jones RG, Hess C. Memory CD8 + T Cells Balance Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Activity by Reprogramming Cellular Acetate Handling at Sites of Infection. Cell Metab 2020; 32:457-467.e5. [PMID: 32738204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Serum acetate increases upon systemic infection. Acutely, assimilation of acetate expands the capacity of memory CD8+ T cells to produce IFN-γ. Whether acetate modulates memory CD8+ T cell metabolism and function during pathogen re-encounter remains unexplored. Here we show that at sites of infection, high acetate concentrations are being reached, yet memory CD8+ T cells shut down the acetate assimilating enzymes ACSS1 and ACSS2. Acetate, being thus largely excluded from incorporation into cellular metabolic pathways, now had different effects, namely (1) directly activating glutaminase, thereby augmenting glutaminolysis, cellular respiration, and survival, and (2) suppressing TCR-triggered calcium flux, and consequently cell activation and effector cell function. In vivo, high acetate abundance at sites of infection improved pathogen clearance while reducing immunopathology. This indicates that, during different stages of the immune response, the same metabolite-acetate-induces distinct immunometabolic programs within the same cell type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Balmer
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Eric H Ma
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew J Thompson
- Department of Medicine, CITIID, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Raja Epple
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunhild Unterstab
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Lötscher
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Dehio
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Schürch
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan D Warncke
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Perrin
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Kathrin Woischnig
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory of Infection Biology, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Grählert
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jordan Löliger
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Assmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn R Bantug
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier P Schären
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory of Infection Biology, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Rentsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Russell G Jones
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, CITIID, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shi CC, Zhu HY, Li H, Zeng DL, Shi XL, Zhang YY, Lu Y, Ling LJ, Wang CY, Chen DF. Regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells in gut-lung axis contributed to the therapeutic effect of Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides on H1N1-induced acute lung injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:52-66. [PMID: 32353505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study had demonstrated that oral administration of Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides (HCP) without in vitro antiviral activity ameliorated gut and lung injuries induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice. However, as macromolecules, HCP was hard to be absorbed in gastrointestinal tract and had no effect on lung injury when administrated intravenously. The action mechanism of HCP was thus proposed as regulating the gut mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Actually, HCP treatment restored the balance of Th17/Treg cells firstly in GALT and finally in the lung. HCP reduced the expression of chemokine CCL20 in the lung and regulated the balance of Th17/Treg carrying CCR6+ (the CCL20 receptor), which was associated with specific migration of Th17/Treg cells from GALT to lung. In vitro, HCP inhibited Th17 cell differentiation through the downregulation of phospho-STAT3, whereas it promoted Treg cell differentiation by upregulating phospho-STAT5. Furthermore, its therapeutic effect was abolished in RORγt-/- or Foxp3-/- mice. These findings indicated that oral administration of macromolecular polysaccharides like HCP might ameliorate lung injury in IAV infected mice via directly regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells in gut-lung axis. Our results provided a potential mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of polysaccharides on pulmonary infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Shi
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hai-Yan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University.
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Lin Zeng
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun-Long Shi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Yun-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Ling
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Yue Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dao-Feng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Alves de Lima K, Rustenhoven J, Kipnis J. Meningeal Immunity and Its Function in Maintenance of the Central Nervous System in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2020; 38:597-620. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102319-103410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimmunology, albeit a relatively established discipline, has recently sparked numerous exciting findings on microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). This review addresses meningeal immunity, a less-studied aspect of neuroimmune interactions. The meninges, a triple layer of membranes—the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater—surround the CNS, encompassing the cerebrospinal fluid produced by the choroid plexus epithelium. Unlike the adjacent brain parenchyma, the meninges contain a wide repertoire of immune cells. These constitute meningeal immunity, which is primarily concerned with immune surveillance of the CNS, and—according to recent evidence—also participates in postinjury CNS recovery, chronic neurodegenerative conditions, and even higher brain function. Meningeal immunity has recently come under the spotlight owing to the characterization of meningeal lymphatic vessels draining the CNS. Here, we review the current state of our understanding of meningeal immunity and its effects on healthy and diseased brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalil Alves de Lima
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) and Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;,
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) and Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;,
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) and Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The terminal differentiation of the epidermis is a complex physiological process. During the past few decades, medical genetics has shown that defects in the stratum corneum (SC) permeability barrier cause a myriad of pathological conditions, ranging from common dry skin to lethal ichthyoses. Contrarily, molecular phylogenetics has revealed that amniotes have acquired a specialized form of cytoprotection cornification that provides mechanical resilience to the SC. This superior biochemical property, along with desiccation tolerance, is attributable to the proper formation of the macromolecular protein-lipid complex termed cornified cell envelopes (CE). Cornification largely depends on the peculiar biochemical and biophysical properties of loricrin, which is a major CE component. Despite its quantitative significance, loricrin knockout (LKO) mice have revealed it to be dispensable for the SC permeability barrier. Nevertheless, LKO mice have brought us valuable lessons. It is also becoming evident that absent loricrin affects skin homeostasis more profoundly in many more aspects than previously expected. Through an extensive review of aggregate evidence, we discuss herein the functional significance of the thiol-rich protein loricrin from a biochemical, genetic, pathological, metabolic, or immunological aspect with some theoretical and speculative perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Dennis R. Roop
- Department of Dermatology and Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ellerin BE, Demandante CGN, Martins JT. Pure abscopal effect of radiotherapy in a salivary gland carcinoma: Case report, literature review, and a search for new approaches. Cancer Radiother 2020; 24:226-246. [PMID: 32192840 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of an 84-year-old woman with poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma of the right parotid who presented with headache, was found to have a primary right parotid gland cancer as well as metastatic disease, and underwent palliative radiotherapy to the primary site. The patient received no chemotherapy or immunotherapy, but both the primary site and several non-irradiated foci in the lungs regressed or completely resolved. The patient remained free of disease for about one year before progression. The case is a rare instance of abscopal regression of metastatic disease in the absence of pharmacologic immunomodulation. A literature review surveys the history of the abscopal effect of radiation therapy, attempts to understand the mechanisms of its successes and failures, and points to new approaches that can inform and improve the outcomes of radioimmunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J T Martins
- UT Health HOPE Cancer Center, Tyler, TX 75701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Amon L, Lehmann CHK, Heger L, Heidkamp GF, Dudziak D. The ontogenetic path of human dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:122-129. [PMID: 32114182 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate adaptive immune responses. In healthy individuals, DCs are drivers and fine-tuners of T cell responses directed against invading pathogens or cancer cells. In parallel, DCs control autoreactive T cells, thereby maintaining T cell tolerance. Under various disease conditions, a disruption of this delicate balance can lead to chronic infections, tumor evasion, or autoimmunity. While great efforts have been made to unravel the origin and development of this powerful cell type in mice, only little is known about the ontogeny of human DCs. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the developmental path of DCs from hematopoietic stem cells to fully functional DCs in their local tissue environment and provide a template for the identification of DCs across various tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gordon F Heidkamp
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Escudero-Hernández C, Martín Á, de Pedro Andrés R, Fernández-Salazar L, Garrote JA, Bernardo D, Arranz E. Circulating Dendritic Cells from Celiac Disease Patients Display a Gut-Homing Profile and are Differentially Modulated by Different Gliadin-Derived Peptides. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900989. [PMID: 31970917 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Circulating dendritic cell (DC) and monocyte subsets contribute to the pool of intestinal DC and macrophages in celiac disease (CeD), an autoimmune gut disorder triggered by dietary gluten. Here, this study aims to characterize these circulating subsets in CeD and assess the effect of different gliadin-derived peptides on conventional DC (cDC). METHODS AND RESULTS Flow cytometry profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals a slight decrease in the proportion of plasmacytoid and type 1 cDC in gluten-free diet (GFD)-treated CeD patients. In comparison to healthy donors, DC and monocyte subsets from active and GFD-treated CeD patients display an increased gut-homing profile. Type 2 cDC (cDC2) are sorted and stimulated with the gliadin-derived peptides 8-mer, 19-mer, and 33-mer. All peptides induce cDC2 maturation, although the profile is different. While peptide 8-mer induces a Th1/Th17 pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in active CeD patients, cDC2 primed with peptide 33-mer displays a higher capacity to promote gut-homing CCR9+ expression onto autologous T-cells. CONCLUSION Distinct gliadin-derived peptides elicit different effects on cDC2 phenotype and function. This effect is compatible with a model where diverse gliadin peptides may cooperate to promote full cDC2 activation and the subsequent T-cell response in genetically predisposed individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Escudero-Hernández
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Álvaro Martín
- Flow Cytometry facility. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo de Pedro Andrés
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández-Salazar
- Digestive Disease Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avda Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Garrote
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, C/ Dulzaina 2, 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Arranz
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stein JV, Ruef N. Regulation of global CD8 + T-cell positioning by the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:232-249. [PMID: 30977193 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells have evolved as one of the most motile mammalian cell types, designed to continuously scan peptide-major histocompatibility complexes class I on the surfaces of other cells. Chemoattractants and adhesion molecules direct CD8+ T-cell homing to and migration within secondary lymphoid organs, where these cells colocalize with antigen-presenting dendritic cells in confined tissue volumes. CD8+ T-cell activation induces a switch to infiltration of non-lymphoid tissue (NLT), which differ in their topology and biophysical properties from lymphoid tissue. Here, we provide a short overview on regulation of organism-wide trafficking patterns during naive T-cell recirculation and their switch to non-lymphoid tissue homing during activation. The migratory lifestyle of CD8+ T cells is regulated by their actomyosin cytoskeleton, which translates chemical signals from surface receptors into mechanical work. We explore how properties of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and its regulators affect CD8+ T cell function in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissue, combining recent findings in the field of cell migration and actin network regulation with tissue anatomy. Finally, we hypothesize that under certain conditions, intrinsic regulation of actomyosin dynamics may render NLT CD8+ T-cell populations less dependent on input from extrinsic signals during tissue scanning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nora Ruef
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
A role for the CCR5-CCL5 interaction in the preferential migration of HSV-2-specific effector cells to the vaginal mucosa upon nasal immunization. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1391-1403. [PMID: 31551493 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our current study focused on elucidating the role of specific chemokine-receptor interactions in antigen (Ag)-specific immune cell migration from nasal to genital mucosal tissues. This cellular migration is critical to induce effective Ag-specific immune responses against sexually transmitted genital infections. In this study, nasal immunization with live attenuated HSV-2 TK- induced the upregulation of CCR5 expression in effector immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, in Ag-priming sites and vaginal tissue. The CCR5 ligands CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 all showed upregulated expression in vaginal tissue; in particular, CCL5 expression was highly enhanced in the stromal cells of vaginal tissue after nasal immunization. Intravaginal blockade of CCL5 by using neutralizing antibody diminished the number of HSV-2-specific effector cells in the vagina. Furthermore, loss of CCR5, a receptor for CCL5, impaired the migration of nasally primed Ag-specific effector cells from the airway to vagina. Effector cells adoptively transferred from CCR5-deficient mice failed to migrate into vaginal tissue, consequently increasing recipient mice's susceptibility to HSV-2 vaginal infection. These results indicate that the CCR5-CCL5 chemokine pathway is required for the migration and retention of nasally primed Ag-specific effector cells in vagina for providing protective immunity against HSV-2 infection.
Collapse
|
36
|
Nasal route for vaccine and drug delivery: Features and current opportunities. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118813. [PMID: 31678521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal administration, and specifically nasal route, constitutes an alternative and promising strategy for drug and vaccine delivery. Mucosal routes have several advantages supporting their selective use for different pathologies. Currently, many efforts are being made to develop effective drug formulations and novel devices for nasal delivery. This review described the structure and main characteristics of the nasal cavity. The advantages, achievements and challenges of the nasal route use for medical purposes are discussed, with particular focus on vaccine delivery. Compelling evidences support the potentialities and safety of the nasal delivery of vaccines and drugs. This alternative route could become a solution for many unmet medical issues and also may facilitate and cheapen massive immunization campaigns or long-lasting chronic treatments. Nowadays, in spite of certain remaining skepticism, the field of nasal delivery of drugs and vaccines is growing fast, bolstered by current developments in nanotechnology, imaging and administration devices. A notable increase in the number of approved drugs for nasal administration is envisaged.
Collapse
|
37
|
Krekorian M, Fruhwirth GO, Srinivas M, Figdor CG, Heskamp S, Witney TH, Aarntzen EH. Imaging of T-cells and their responses during anti-cancer immunotherapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:7924-7947. [PMID: 31656546 PMCID: PMC6814447 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has proven to be an effective approach in a growing number of cancers. Despite durable clinical responses achieved with antibodies targeting immune checkpoint molecules, many patients do not respond. The common denominator for immunotherapies that have successfully been introduced in the clinic is their potential to induce or enhance infiltration of cytotoxic T-cells into the tumour. However, in clinical research the molecules, cells and processes involved in effective responses during immunotherapy remain largely obscure. Therefore, in vivo imaging technologies that interrogate T-cell responses in patients represent a powerful tool to boost further development of immunotherapy. This review comprises a comprehensive analysis of the in vivo imaging technologies that allow the characterisation of T-cell responses induced by anti-cancer immunotherapy, with emphasis on technologies that are clinically available or have high translational potential. Throughout we discuss their respective strengths and weaknesses, providing arguments for selecting the optimal imaging options for future research and patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massis Krekorian
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert O. Fruhwirth
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings' College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mangala Srinivas
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G. Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy H. Witney
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings' College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik H.J.G. Aarntzen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Graham GJ, Handel TM, Proudfoot AE. Leukocyte Adhesion: Reconceptualizing Chemokine Presentation by Glycosaminoglycans. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:472-481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
39
|
Ho AW, Kupper TS. T cells and the skin: from protective immunity to inflammatory skin disorders. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:490-502. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
40
|
Smith AD, Panickar KS, Urban JF, Dawson HD. Impact of Micronutrients on the Immune Response of Animals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 6:227-254. [PMID: 29447473 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins and minerals (micronutrients) play an important role in regulating and shaping an immune response. Deficiencies generally result in inadequate or dysregulated cellular activity and cytokine expression, thereby affecting the immune response. Decreased levels of natural killer, granulocyte, and phagocytic cell activity and T and B cell proliferation and trafficking are associated with inadequate levels of micronutrients, as well as increased susceptibility to various adverse health conditions, including inflammatory disorders, infection, and altered vaccine efficacy. In addition, most studies of micronutrient modulation of immune responses have been done in rodents and humans, thus limiting application to the health and well-being of livestock and companion animals. This exploratory review elucidates the role of vitamins and minerals on immune function and inflammatory responses in animals (pigs, dogs, cats, horses, goats, sheep, and cattle), with reference to rodents and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen D Smith
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA;
| | - Kiran S Panickar
- Science & Technology Center, Hills Pet Nutrition Center, Topeka, Kansas 66617, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA;
| | - Harry D Dawson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Delecluse S, Tsai MH, Shumilov A, Bencun M, Arrow S, Beshirova A, Cottignies-Calamarte A, Lasitschka F, Bulut OC, Münz C, Zeier M, Behrends U, Delecluse HJ. Epstein-Barr Virus Induces Expression of the LPAM-1 Integrin in B Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. J Virol 2019; 93:e01618-18. [PMID: 30541846 PMCID: PMC6384065 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01618-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects the oropharynx but, surprisingly, frequently induces B cell proliferation in the gut of immunosuppressed individuals. We found that EBV infection in vitro induces the expression of the LPAM-1 integrin on tonsillar B cells and increases it on peripheral blood cells. Similarly, LPAM-1 was induced in the tonsils of patients undergoing primary infectious mononucleosis. EBV-induced LPAM-1 bound to the MAdCAM-1 addressin, which allows B cell homing to the gastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Thus, we hypothesized that EBV-induced LPAM-1 could induce relocation of infected B cells from the tonsil to the GALT. In situ hybridization with an EBER-specific probe revealed the frequent presence of EBV-infected cells in the pericolic lymph nodes of healthy individuals. Relocation of infected B cells into the GALT would expand the EBV reservoir, possibly protecting it from T cells primed in the oropharynx, and explain why EBV induces lymphoid tumors in the gut.IMPORTANCE EBV causes tumors in multiple organs, particularly in the oro- and nasopharyngeal area but also in the digestive system. This virus enters the body in the oropharynx and establishes a chronic infection in this area. The observation that the virus causes tumors in the digestive system implies that the infected cells can move to this organ. We found that EBV infection induces the expression of integrin beta 7 (ITGB7), an integrin that associates with integrin alpha 4 to form the LPAM-1 dimer. LPAM-1 is key for homing of B cells to the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that induction of this molecule is the mechanism through which EBV-infected cells enter this organ. In favor of this hypothesis, we could also detect EBV-infected cells in the lymph nodes adjacent to the colon and in the appendix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Delecluse
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Unit F100, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
- Nierenzentrum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Unit F100, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anatoliy Shumilov
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Unit F100, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maja Bencun
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Unit F100, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Arrow
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Unit F100, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aisha Beshirova
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Unit F100, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andréa Cottignies-Calamarte
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Unit F100, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olcay Cem Bulut
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Uta Behrends
- Children's Hospital Schwabing, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Henri-Jacques Delecluse
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Unit F100, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sökeland G, Schumacher U. The functional role of integrins during intra- and extravasation within the metastatic cascade. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:12. [PMID: 30657059 PMCID: PMC6337777 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of distant metastases is by far the most common cause of cancer-related deaths. The process of metastasis formation is complex, and within this complex process the formation of migratory cells, the so called epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which enables cancer cells to break loose from the primary tumor mass and to enter the bloodstream, is of particular importance. To break loose from the primary cancer, cancer cells have to down-regulate the cell-to-cell adhesion molecuIes (CAMs) which keep them attached to neighboring cancer cells. In contrast to this downregulation of CAMS in the primary tumor, cancer cells up-regulate other types of CAMs, that enable them to attach to the endothelium in the organ of the future metastasis. During EMT, the expression of cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion molecules and their down- and upregulation is therefore critical for metastasis formation. Tumor cells mimic leukocytes to enable transmigration of the endothelial barrier at the metastatic site. The attachment of leukocytes/cancer cells to the endothelium are mediated by several CAMs different from those at the site of the primary tumor. These CAMs and their ligands are organized in a sequential row, the leukocyte adhesion cascade. In this adhesion process, integrins and their ligands are centrally involved in the molecular interactions governing the transmigration. This review discusses the integrin expression patterns found on primary tumor cells and studies whether their expression correlates with tumor progression, metastatic capacity and prognosis. Simultaneously, further possible, but so far unclearly characterized, alternative adhesion molecules and/or ligands, will be considered and emerging therapeutic possibilities reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Sökeland
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Clindamycin Administration Increases the Incidence of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice Through the Prolonged Impact of Gut Immunity. Inflammation 2019; 41:1900-1911. [PMID: 29951875 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The profound influence of gut flora on host immune system and its link with autoimmune disorders have been established. However, the role of certain antibiotic in progression of autoimmune disorder is still confusing. Here, we employed a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model to explore the role of clindamycin administration in different scenarios. In the first scenario, mice treated with antibiotics for 4 weeks were performed with the induction of CIA immediately. The results showed that clindamycin administration promoted the incidence and severity of CIA, while the recipients of vancomycin showed completed tolerance. We also found that increased gut-associated Th1 and Th17 cells might be related to the subsequent expansion of collagen-specific immune response. In the second scenario, mice treated with antibiotics for 4 weeks were performed with CIA induction 4 weeks later. Notably, clindamycin administration showed a prolonged impact on the incidence and severity of CIA, as well as the gut immunity as compared to vancomycin administration. In addition, antibody depletion of integrin α4β7 systemically resulted in an impaired CIA response, underlining the influence of gut immunity. In the mice that received clindamycin, the abundance of anaerobic bacteria was significantly decreased and showed little recovery at 4 weeks later. Our observations highlighted the different characteristics of antibiotic administration on the development of autoimmune disorders and indicated its link with gut immunity.
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Congdon KL, Sanchez-Perez LA, Sampson JH. Effective effectors: How T cells access and infiltrate the central nervous system. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 197:52-60. [PMID: 30557632 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several Phase II and III clinical trials have demonstrated that immunotherapy can induce objective responses in otherwise refractory malignancies in tumors outside the central nervous system. In large part, effector T cells mediate much of the antitumor efficacy in these trials, and potent antitumor T cells can be generated through vaccination, immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive transfer, and genetic manipulation. However, activated T cells must still traffic to, infiltrate, and persist within tumor in order to mediate tumor lysis. These requirements for efficacy pose unique challenges for brain tumor immunotherapy, due to specific anatomical barriers and populations of specialized immune cells within the central nervous system that function to constrain immunity. Both autoimmune and infectious diseases of the central nervous system provide a wealth of information on how T cells can successfully migrate to the central nervous system and then engender sustained immune responses. In this review, we will examine the commonalities in the efferent arm of immunity to the brain for autoimmunity, infection, and tumor immunotherapy to identify key factors underlying potent immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Congdon
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Luis A Sanchez-Perez
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - John H Sampson
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ushio A, Arakaki R, Otsuka K, Yamada A, Tsunematsu T, Kudo Y, Aota K, Azuma M, Ishimaru N. CCL22-Producing Resident Macrophages Enhance T Cell Response in Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2594. [PMID: 30467506 PMCID: PMC6236111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦs) are critical regulators of immune response and serve as a link between innate and acquired immunity. The precise mechanism of involvement of tissue-resident MΦs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is not clear. Here, using a murine model for Sjögren's syndrome (SS), we investigated the role of tissue-resident MΦs in the onset and development of autoimmunity. Two unique populations of CD11bhigh and CD11blow resident MΦs were observed in the target tissue of the SS model. Comprehensive gene expression analysis of chemokines revealed effective production of CCL22 by the CD11bhigh MΦs. CCL22 upregulated the migratory activity of CD4+ T cells by increasing CCR4, a receptor of CCL22, on T cells in the SS model. In addition, CCL22 enhanced IFN-γ production of T cells of the SS model, thereby suggesting that CCL22 may impair the local immune tolerance in the target organ of the SS model. Moreover, administration of anti-CCL22 antibody suppressed autoimmune lesions in the SS model. Finally, histopathological analysis revealed numerous CCL22-producing MΦs in the minor salivary gland tissue specimens of the SS patients. CCL22-producing tissue-resident MΦs may control autoimmune lesions by enhancing T cell response in the SS model. These results suggest that specific chemokines and their receptors may serve as novel therapeutic or diagnostic targets for SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ushio
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Otsuka
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keiko Aota
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Azuma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li P, Wang J, Cao M, Deng Q, Jiang S, Wu MX, Lu L. Topical Application of a Vitamin A Derivative and Its Combination With Non-ablative Fractional Laser Potentiates Cutaneous Influenza Vaccination. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2570. [PMID: 30425691 PMCID: PMC6218415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin contains a large number of antigen presenting cells, making intradermal (ID) injection one of the most effective ways for vaccine administration. However, although current adjuvants may cause severe local reactions and inflammations in the skin, no adjuvant has been approved for ID vaccination so far. Here, we report that topical application of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a vitamin A derivative produced in the human body, augmented cutaneous influenza vaccination. The adjuvant effects were evaluated in a murine vaccination/challenge model by using A/California/07/2009 pandemic vaccine (09V) or a seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV). ATRA drove a Th2-biased immune response, as demonstrated by profoundly elevated IgG1 titer rather than IgG2 titer. Combining ATRA with a non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL), which represents a new category of vaccine adjuvant utilizing physical stimuli to induce self-immune stimulators, further enhanced the efficacy of influenza vaccines with a more balanced Th1/Th2 immune response. The dual adjuvant strengthened cross-reactive immune responses against both homogenous and heterogeneous influenza viral strains. Analysis of gene expression profile showed that ATRA/NAFL stimulated upregulation of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors and their downstream factors, leading to a synergistic elevation of type I interferon expression. Consistent with this finding, knocking out IRF3 or IRF7, two key downstream regulatory factors in most nucleic acid sensing pathways, resulted in a significant decrease in the adjuvant effect of ATRA/NAFL. Thus, our study demonstrates that the self molecule ATRA could boost cutaneous influenza vaccination either alone or ideally in combination with NAFL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mei X. Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
IgA nephropathy, the most common primary glomerulonephritis in the world and a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease, is characterized by typical mesangial deposits of IgA1, as described by Berger and Hinglaise in 1968. Since then, it has been discovered that aberrant IgA1 O-glycosylation is involved in disease pathogenesis. Progress in glycomic, genomic, clinical, analytical, and biochemical studies has shown autoimmune features of IgA nephropathy. The autoimmune character of the disease is explained by a multihit pathogenesis model, wherein overproduction of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1, galactose-deficient in some O-glycans, by IgA1-secreting cells leads to increased levels of circulatory galactose-deficient IgA1. These glycoforms induce production of autoantibodies that subsequently bind hinge-region of galactose-deficient IgA1 molecules, resulting in the formation of nephritogenic immune complexes. Some of these complexes deposit in the kidney, activate mesangial cells, and incite glomerular injury. Thus, galactose-deficient IgA1 is central to the disease process. In this article, we review studies concerning IgA1 O-glycosylation that have contributed to the current understanding of the role of IgA1 in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL..
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Bruce A Julian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Moore BD, New RRC, Butcher W, Mahood R, Steward J, Bayliss M, MacLeod C, Bogus M, Williamson ED. Dual route vaccination for plague with emergency use applications. Vaccine 2018; 36:5210-5217. [PMID: 30017148 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a dual-route vaccination approach for plague, able to induce a rapid response involving systemic and mucosal immunity, whilst also providing ease of use in those resource-poor settings most vulnerable to disease outbreaks. This novel vaccine (VypVaxDuo) comprises the recombinant F1 and V proteins in free association. VypVaxDuo has been designed for administration via a sub-cutaneous priming dose followed by a single oral booster dose and has been demonstrated to induce early onset immunity 14 days after the primary immunisation; full protective efficacy against live organism challenge was achieved in Balb/c mice exposed to 2 × 104 median lethal doses of Yersinia pestis Co92, by the sub-cutaneous route at 25 days after the oral booster immunisation. This dual-route vaccination effectively induced serum IgG and serum and faecal IgA, specific for F1 and V, which constitute two key virulence factors in Y. pestis, and is therefore suitable for further development to prevent bubonic plague and for evaluation in models of pneumonic plague. This is an essential requirement for control of disease outbreaks in areas of the world endemic for plague and is supported further by the observed exceptional stability of the primary vaccine formulation in vialled form under thermostressed conditions (40 °C for 29 weeks, and 40 °C with 75% relative humidity for 6 weeks), meaning no cold chain for storage or distribution is needed. In clinical use, the injected priming dose would be administered on simple rehydration of the dry powder by means of a dual barrel syringe, with the subsequent single booster dose being provided in an enteric-coated capsule suitable for oral self-administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B D Moore
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| | - R R C New
- Proxima Concepts Ltd, London BioScience Innovation Centre, UK
| | - W Butcher
- Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury UK
| | - R Mahood
- Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury UK
| | - J Steward
- Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury UK
| | - M Bayliss
- Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury UK
| | - C MacLeod
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Bogus
- Proxima Concepts Ltd, London BioScience Innovation Centre, UK
| | - E D Williamson
- Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Peripheral Tissue Chemokines: Homeostatic Control of Immune Surveillance T Cells. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:734-747. [PMID: 30001872 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular immunity is governed by a complex network of migratory cues that enable appropriate immune cell responses in a timely and spatially controlled fashion. This review focuses on the chemokines and their receptors regulating the steady-state localisation of immune cells within healthy peripheral tissues. Steady-state immune cell traffic is not well understood but is thought to involve constitutive (homeostatic) chemokines. The recent discovery of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) illustrates our need for understanding how chemokines control immune cell mobilisation and/or retention. These studies will be critical to unravel novel pathways for preserving tissue function (aging) and preventing tissue disease (vaccination).
Collapse
|