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Hu G, Xu HD, Fang J. Sulfur-based fluorescent probes for biological analysis: A review. Talanta 2024; 279:126515. [PMID: 39024854 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of small-molecule fluorescence detection methodologies in scientific research and industrial contexts can be ascribed to their inherent merits, including elevated sensitivity, exceptional selectivity, real-time detection capabilities, and non-destructive characteristics. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on small-molecule fluorescent probes engineered with sulfur elements, aiming to detect a diverse array of biologically active species. This review presents a comprehensive survey of sulfur-based fluorescent probes published from 2017 to 2023. The diverse repertoire of recognition sites, including but not limited to N, N-dimethylthiocarbamyl, disulfides, thioether, sulfonyls and sulfoxides, thiourea, thioester, thioacetal and thioketal, sulfhydryl, phenothiazine, thioamide, and others, inherent in these sulfur-based probes markedly amplifies their capacity for detecting a broad spectrum of analytes, such as metal ions, reactive oxygen species, reactive sulfur species, reactive nitrogen species, proteins, and beyond. Owing to the individual disparities in the molecular structures of the probes, analogous recognition units may be employed to discern diverse substrates. Subsequent to this classification, the review provides a concise summary and introduction to the design and biological applications of these probe molecules. Lastly, drawing upon a synthesis of published works, the review engages in a discussion regarding the merits and drawbacks of these fluorescent probes, offering guidance for future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China.
| | - Hua-Dong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China.
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Zhou W, Zheng X, Wang X, Tian Y, Wen Y, Tu Y, Lei J, Cheng H, Yu J. Bioassay-guided isolation of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory components from Atractylodes lancea. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 227:114232. [PMID: 39097216 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
A bioassay-guided isolation from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. obtained 22 compounds, including eight previously undescribed sesquiterpenoids and polyacetylenes (1, 3 and 12-17), as well as fourteen known analogues, and their structures were confirmed by extensive spectroscopic methods. This study evaluated their antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for the first time, as well as anti-inflammatory activity. Most of them, including new compounds, showed varying degrees of antibacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA. Notably, compound 21 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against four different bacteria (MIC 6.25-20.00 μg/mL). This suggested that 21 may have the potential to be developed into a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Moreover, except for 9 and 11, most compounds exhibited great anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 1.92-37.91 μM), and iNOS might be a potential target of these compounds according to the molecular docking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xilei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yinghan Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yijun Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiachuan Lei
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jianqing Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Parisi C, Laneri F, Fraix A, Sortino S. Multifunctional Molecular Hybrids Photoreleasing Nitric Oxide: Advantages, Pitfalls, and Opportunities. J Med Chem 2024; 67:16932-16950. [PMID: 39009572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The multifaceted role nitric oxide (NO) plays in human physiology and pathophysiology has opened new scenarios in biomedicine by exploiting this free radical as an unconventional therapeutic against important diseases. The difficulties in handling gaseous NO and the strict dependence of the biological effects on its doses and location have made the light-activated NO precursors, namely NO photodonors (NOPDs), very appealing by virtue of their precise spatiotemporal control of NO delivery. The covalent integration of NOPDs and additional functional components within the same molecular skeleton through suitable linkers can lead to an intriguing class of multifunctional photoactivatable molecular hybrids. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the recent advances in these molecular constructs, emphasizing those merging NO photorelease with targeting, fluorescent reporting, and phototherapeutic functionalities. We will highlight the rational design behind synthesizing these molecular hybrids and critically describe the advantages, drawbacks, and opportunities they offer in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Parisi
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Laneri
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Aurore Fraix
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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Ruvira S, Rodríguez-Rodríguez P, Abderrahim F, Morales D, Cañas S, Valdivieso A, Ramiro-Cortijo D, Arribas SM. Resistance artery vasodilator pathways involved in the antihypertensive effects of cocoa shell extract in rats exposed to fetal undernutrition. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39388282 DOI: 10.1113/jp287097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal undernutrition establishes the foundations for hypertension development, with oxidative stress being a key hallmark. A growing interest in nutraceuticals for treating hypertension and environmental waste concerns prompted the present study aiming to evaluate whether supplementation with a polyphenol enriched extract from cocoa shell (CSE), a by-product from the chocolate industry with antioxidant properties, reduces hypertension of developmental origin, thus improving mesenteric resistance artery (MRA) vasodilatation. Adult male and female offspring from rats exposed to 50% food restriction from mid-gestation (maternal undernutrition, MUN) and controls were used. Supplementation was given through a gelatine (vehicle, VEH) or containing CSE (250 mg kg-1 day-1) 5 days week-1 for 3 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was assessed by tail-cuff plethysmography. MRA function was studied by wire myography, and superoxide anion and nitric oxide were investigated by fluorescent indicators and confocal microscopy. Compared to control-VEH, MUN-VEH males showed significantly higher SBP, reduced MRA as well as relaxation to ACh, sodium nitroprusside and the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, but not to isoproterenol. In MUN males, endothelial endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and nitric oxide were unaltered, but MRA released a vasoconstrictor prostanoid and produced higher levels of superoxide anion. CSE normalized blood pressure and improved all above-mentioned MRA alterations in MUN males without an effect on control counterparts, except the reduction of superoxide anion. MUN-VEH females were normotensive and only showed a tendency towards larger superoxide anion production, which was abolished by CSE. CSE supplementation reduces SBP improving endothelium-dependent and independent MRA vasodilatation, related to local superoxide anion reduction, being a potential nutraceutical ingredient to counteract hypertension, in addition to contributing to the circular economy. KEY POINTS: Fetal undernutrition induces hypertension in males associated with deficient resistance artery vasodilatation, being normalized by cocoa shell extract (CSE). Release of a cyclooxygenase-derived contractile factor is the main endothelial alteration, which is abolished by CSE. AMPK and soluble guanylyl cyclase-mediated relaxation are also reduced in smooth muscle cells from maternal undernutrition resistance arteries, being improved by CSE. Vascular oxidative damage caused by excess superoxide anion generation can account for impaired vasodilatation, which is improved by CSE. The capacity of CSE to improve relaxation is probably related to its antioxidant bioactive factors, and thus cocoa shell is a potential food by-product to treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ruvira
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Abderrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Morales
- Confocal Microscopy Service (SiDI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Cañas
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Valdivieso
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ramiro-Cortijo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia M Arribas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Hanchapola HACR, Kim G, Liyanage DS, Omeka WKM, Udayantha HMV, Kodagoda YK, Dilshan MAH, Rodrigo DCG, Jayamali BPMV, Kim J, Jeong T, Lee S, Qiang W, Lee J. Molecular features, antiviral activity, and immunological expression assessment of interferon-related developmental regulator 1 (IFRD1) in red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109859. [PMID: 39182708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Interferon-related developmental regulator 1 (IFRD1) is a viral responsive gene associated with interferon-gamma. Herein, we identified the IFRD1 gene (EaIFRD1) from red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara), evaluated its transcriptional responses, and investigated its functional features using various biological assays. EaIFRD1 encodes a protein comprising 428 amino acids with a molecular mass of 48.22 kDa. It features a substantial domain belonging to the interferon-related developmental regulator superfamily. Spatial mRNA expression of EaIFRD1 demonstrated the highest expression levels in the brain and the lowest in the skin. Furthermore, EaIFRD1 mRNA expression in grouper tissues exhibited significant modulation in response to immune stimulants, including poly (I:C), LPS, and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection. We analyzed downstream gene regulation by examining type Ⅰ interferon pathway genes following EaIFRD1 overexpression. The results demonstrated a significant upregulation in cells overexpressing EaIFRD1 compared to the control after infection with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). A subcellular localization assay confirmed the nuclear location of the EaIFRD1 protein, consistent with its role as a transcriptional coactivator. Cells overexpressing EaIFRD1 exhibited increased migratory activity, enhancing wound-healing capabilities compared to the control. Additionally, under H2O2 exposure, EaIFRD1 overexpression protected cells against oxidative stress. Overexpression of EaIFRD1 also reduced poly (I:C)-mediated NO production in RAW267.4 macrophage cells. In FHM cells, EaIFRD1 overexpression significantly reduced VHSV virion replication. Collectively, these findings suggest that EaIFRD1 plays a crucial role in the antiviral immune response and immunological regulation in E. akaara.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A C R Hanchapola
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - H M V Udayantha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Kodagoda
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - M A H Dilshan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D C G Rodrigo
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - B P M Vileka Jayamali
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Joungeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Qiang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Li F, Rao G. Characterization of a pectin in fig fruit: Structure and anti-inflammatory activity. Carbohydr Res 2024; 544:109226. [PMID: 39173416 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Fig fruit is widely accepted in warm and tropical regions due to the sweet taste and health benefits. The polysaccharides in fig fruit are responsible for the health benefits. However, information regarding polysaccharide structure remains limited. In this study, the water-soluble polysaccharides (FFP) were extracted from fig fruit with a yield of 15.3 mg/g. Anion exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography were used for purification. A leading polysaccharide was purified and characterized as below. The monosaccharide composition of FFP included arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), galacturonic acid (GalA) and rhamnose (Rha). The glycosidic linkages were revealed to be L-Ara-(1→, →5)-L-Ara-(1→, →2,4)-L-Rha-(1→, →2)-L-Rha-(1→, →4)-D-Gal-(1→ and D-Gal-(1 → . Nuclear magnetic resonnance (NMR) spectra revealed that FFP had →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ as backbone. The side chains included Galp-β-D-(1 → 4)-Galp-β-D-(1 → 4)-Galp-β-D-(1 → 4)-Galp-β-D-(1→ and α-L-Araf-(1 → 5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → . They were linked to C-4 of Rhap. FFP inhibited the production of NO, IL-6 and IL-1β levels induced by LPS. IL-6 and IL-1β levels were returned to normal. These information are helpful to understand this functional fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510385, China.
| | - Guohua Rao
- China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510385, China.
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Avella I, Schulte L, Hurka S, Damm M, Eichberg J, Schiffmann S, Henke M, Timm T, Lochnit G, Hardes K, Vilcinskas A, Lüddecke T. Proteogenomics-guided functional venomics resolves the toxin arsenal and activity of Deinagkistrodon acutus venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:135041. [PMID: 39182889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Snakebite primarily impacts rural communities of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The sharp-nosed viper (Deinagkistrodon acutus) is among the snakes of highest medical importance in Asia. Despite various studies on its venom using modern venomics techniques, a comprehensive understanding of composition and function of this species' venom remains lacking. We combined proteogenomics with extensive bioactivity profiling to present the first genome-level catalogue of D. acutus venom proteins and their exochemistry. Our analysis identified an unusually simple venom containing 45 components from 20 distinct protein families. Relative toxin abundances indicate that C-type lectin and C-type lectin-related protein (CTL), snake venom metalloproteinase (svMP), snake venom serine protease (svSP), and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) constitute 90 % of the venom. Bioassays targeting key aspects of viperid envenomation showed considerable concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, particularly in kidney and lung cells, and potent protease and PLA2 activity. Factor Xa and thrombin activities were minor, and no plasmin activity was observed. Effects on haemolysis, intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release, and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis were negligible. Our analysis provides the first holistic genome-based overview of the toxin arsenal of D. acutus, predicting the molecular and functional basis of its life-threatening effects, and opens novel avenues for treating envenomation by this highly dangerous snake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Avella
- Animal Venomics Lab, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Natural Product Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Lennart Schulte
- Animal Venomics Lab, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Natural Product Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hurka
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Natural Product Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany; BMBF Junior Research Group in Bioeconomy (BioKreativ) "SymBioÖkonomie", Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Maik Damm
- Animal Venomics Lab, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Natural Product Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johanna Eichberg
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany; BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research "ASCRIBE", Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Natural Product Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marina Henke
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Natural Product Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Timm
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Günther Lochnit
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kornelia Hardes
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Natural Product Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany; BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research "ASCRIBE", Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Natural Product Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tim Lüddecke
- Animal Venomics Lab, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Natural Product Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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8
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Joseph J, Baby HM, Quintero JR, Kenney D, Mebratu YA, Bhatia E, Shah P, Swain K, Lee D, Kaur S, Li XL, Mwangi J, Snapper O, Nair R, Agus E, Ranganathan S, Kage J, Gao J, Luo JN, Yu A, Park D, Douam F, Tesfaigzi Y, Karp JM, Joshi N. Toward a Radically Simple Multi-Modal Nasal Spray for Preventing Respiratory Infections. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406348. [PMID: 39318086 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Nasal sprays for pre-exposure prophylaxis against respiratory infections show limited protection (20-70%), largely due to their single mechanism of action-either neutralizing pathogens or blocking their entry at the nasal lining, and a failure to maximize the capture of respiratory droplets, allowing them to potentially rebound and reach deeper airways. This report introduces the Pathogen Capture and Neutralizing Spray (PCANS), which utilizes a multi-modal approach to enhance efficacy. PCANS coats the nasal cavity, capturing large respiratory droplets from the air, and serving as a physical barrier against a broad spectrum of viruses and bacteria, while rapidly neutralizing them with over 99.99% effectiveness. The formulation consists of excipients identified from the FDA's Inactive Ingredient Database and Generally Recognized as Safe list to maximize efficacy for each step in the multi-modal approach. PCANS demonstrates nasal retention for up to 8 hours in mice. In a severe Influenza A mouse model, a single pre-exposure dose of PCANS leads to a >99.99% reduction in lung viral titer and ensures 100% survival, compared to 0% in the control group. PCANS suppresses pathological manifestations and offers protection for at least 4 hours. This data suggest PCANS as a promising daily-use prophylactic against respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Joseph
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Helna Mary Baby
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joselyn Rojas Quintero
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Devin Kenney
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yohannes A Mebratu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eshant Bhatia
- Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Purna Shah
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kabir Swain
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dongtak Lee
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shahdeep Kaur
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiang-Ling Li
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John Mwangi
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olivia Snapper
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Remya Nair
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eli Agus
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sruthi Ranganathan
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julian Kage
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James N Luo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anthony Yu
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dongsung Park
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Florian Douam
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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9
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Sweet MJ, Ramnath D, Singhal A, Kapetanovic R. Inducible antibacterial responses in macrophages. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01080-y. [PMID: 39294278 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages destroy bacteria and other microorganisms through phagocytosis-coupled antimicrobial responses, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species and the delivery of hydrolytic enzymes from lysosomes to the phagosome. However, many intracellular bacteria subvert these responses, escaping to other cellular compartments to survive and/or replicate. Such bacterial subversion strategies are countered by a range of additional direct antibacterial responses that are switched on by pattern-recognition receptors and/or host-derived cytokines and other factors, often through inducible gene expression and/or metabolic reprogramming. Our understanding of these inducible antibacterial defence strategies in macrophages is rapidly evolving. In this Review, we provide an overview of the broad repertoire of antibacterial responses that can be engaged in macrophages, including LC3-associated phagocytosis, metabolic reprogramming and antimicrobial metabolites, lipid droplets, guanylate-binding proteins, antimicrobial peptides, metal ion toxicity, nutrient depletion, autophagy and nitric oxide production. We also highlight key inducers, signalling pathways and transcription factors involved in driving these different antibacterial responses. Finally, we discuss how a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of antibacterial responses in macrophages might be exploited for developing host-directed therapies to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Divya Ramnath
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amit Singhal
- Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- INRAE, Université de Tours, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Nouzilly, France
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10
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang L, Peng T. Development of a urea-bond cleavage reaction induced by nitric oxide for fluorescence imaging. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39291486 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01462f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signalling molecule with indispensable roles in physiological processes, but its abnormal production is implicated in various disease conditions. Detecting NO is crucial for interrogating its biological roles. Although many o-phenylenediamine-based fluorescent probes have been developed, only a small fraction has been employed in vivo. Moreover, these probes largely require direct modifications of the fluorophore backbones to render NO responsiveness, which restricts the general applicability of o-phenylenediamine-based probe designs to other types of fluorophores. Here, we report the rational development, optimization, and application of a NO-induced urea-bond cleavage reaction for selective fluorescence detection and imaging of NO in living systems. Through rational design and extensive screening, we identified a 2-aminophenylurea-derived functionality that can react with NO through N-nitrosation, acyltriazole formation, and hydrolysis to induce the cleavage of the urea bond and release of the amino-containing coumarin fluorophore. By caging different amino-containing fluorophore scaffolds with the 2-aminophenylurea-derived functionality, we modularly developed a series of NO fluorescent probes with different excitation and emission profiles for the detection of NO in aqueous solutions and live cells. Among these probes, the near-infrared probe has been demonstrated to enable in vivo fluorescence visualization of elevated endogenous levels of NO in a murine inflammation model. Overall, this study provides a NO-induced urea-bond cleavage reaction and establishes the utility of this reaction for the general and modular development of NO fluorescent probes, thus opening new opportunities for studying and manipulating NO in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shushu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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11
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Unterholzner A, Kuck K, Weinzierl A, Lipowicz B, Heilmann J. An Unprecedented 4,8-Cycloeudesmane, Further New Sesquiterpenoids, a Triterpene, Steroids, and a Lignan from the Resin of Commiphora myrrha and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vitro. Molecules 2024; 29:4315. [PMID: 39339310 PMCID: PMC11434423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Myrrh has a long tradition in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, many of its (active) constituents are still unknown. In the present study, secondary metabolites were isolated from an ethanolic extract by various separation methods (liquid-liquid partition, silica and RP18 flash chromatography, CPC, and preparative HPLC), their structures were elucidated with NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and the selected compounds were tested for their effect on LPS-induced NO production by RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Among the isolated substances are 17 sesquiterpenes (1-17) including the first 4,8-cycloeudesmane (1), a triterpene (38), two phytosterols (39, 40) and one lignan (43), which were previously unknown as natural products. Numerous compounds are described for the first time for the genus Commiphora. Eight of the eleven compounds tested (1, 29, 31, 32, 34-37) showed a statistically significant, concentration-dependent weak to moderate anti-inflammatory effect on NO production in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. For the reference substance, furanoeudesma-1,3-diene, an IC50 of 46.0 µM was determined. These sesquiterpenes might therefore be part of the multi-target molecular principles behind the efficacy of myrrh in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Unterholzner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.U.)
| | - Katrin Kuck
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.U.)
| | - Anna Weinzierl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.U.)
| | - Bartosz Lipowicz
- Repha GmbH Biologische Arzneimittel, Alt-Godshorn 87, D-30855 Langenhagen, Germany
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.U.)
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12
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Niu Q, Li D, Guo W, Feng Z, Han Z, Yang Y. Dietary nitrate maintains homeostasis of oxidative stress and gut microbiota to promote flap survival in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:184. [PMID: 39256735 PMCID: PMC11386097 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Random-pattern skin flaps are commonly used to repair skin tissue defects in surgical tissue reconstruction. However, flap necrosis in the distal area due to ischemia injury is still challenging for its applications in plastic surgery. The complications of diabetes will further increase the risk of infection and necrosis. METHODS This study induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats with a high-fat diet and STZ. The survival rate of the skin flap was observed by adding inorganic sodium nitrate to drinking water. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the damage to the skin flap. The nitrate content was measured by total nitric oxide and nitrate/nitrite parameter assay. Dihydroethidium and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays were used to value oxidative stress. Rat colon feces were collected for 16s rRNA gene sequence. RESULTS Our studies showed that nitrate administration leads to anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. Nitrate directly increased the survival area of skin flaps in diabetic rats and mean blood vessel density by enhancing angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis, and reducing oxidative stress. The 16s rRNA sequence revealed that nitrate may regulate the homeostasis of the gut microbiota and re-store energy metabolism. CONCLUSION Dietary nitrate has been shown to maintain the homeostasis of oxidative stress and gut microbiota to promote flap survival in rats with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Niu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Delong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhien Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxue Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Mondal A, Paul S, De P. Recent Advancements in Polymeric N-Nitrosamine-Based Nitric Oxide (NO) Donors and their Therapeutic Applications. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5592-5608. [PMID: 39116284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a gasotransmitter, is known for its wide range of effects in vasodilation, cardiac relaxation, and angiogenesis. This diatomic free radical also plays a pivotal role in reducing the risk of platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Furthermore, NO demonstrates promising potential in cancer therapy as well as in antibacterial and antibiofilm activities at higher concentrations. To leverage their biomedical activities, numerous NO donors have been developed. Among these, N-nitrosamines are emerging as a notable class, capable of releasing NO under suitable photoirradiation and finding a broad range of therapeutic applications. This review discusses the design, synthesis, and biological applications of polymeric N-nitrosamines, highlighting their advantages over small molecular NO donors in terms of stability, NO payload, and target-specific delivery. Additionally, various small-molecule N-nitrosamines are explored to provide a comprehensive overview of this burgeoning field. We anticipate that this review will aid in developing next-generation polymeric N-nitrosamines with improved physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Mondal
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Soumya Paul
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
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14
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Sivaloganathan DM, Wan X, Leon G, Brynildsen MP. Loss of Gre factors leads to phenotypic heterogeneity and cheating in Escherichia coli populations under nitric oxide stress. mBio 2024:e0222924. [PMID: 39248572 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02229-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (·NO) is one of the toxic metabolites that bacteria can be exposed to within phagosomes. Gre factors, which are also known as transcript cleavage factors or transcription elongation factors, relieve back-tracked transcription elongation complexes by cleaving nascent RNAs, which allows transcription to resume after stalling. Here we discovered that loss of both Gre factors in Escherichia coli, GreA and GreB, significantly compromised ·NO detoxification due to ·NO-induced phenotypic heterogeneity in ΔgreAΔgreB populations, which did not occur in wild-type cultures. Under normal culturing conditions, both wild-type and ΔgreAΔgreB synthesized transcripts uniformly, whereas treatment with ·NO led to bimodal transcript levels in ΔgreAΔgreB that were unimodal in wild-type. Interestingly, exposure to another toxic metabolite of phagosomes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), produced analogous results. Furthermore, we showed that loss of Gre factors led to cheating under ·NO stress where transcriptionally deficient cells benefited from the detoxification activities of the transcriptionally proficient subpopulation. Collectively, these results show that loss of Gre factor activities produces phenotypic heterogeneity under ·NO and H2O2 stress that can yield cheating between subpopulations.IMPORTANCEToxic metabolite stress occurs in a broad range of contexts that are important to human health, microbial ecology, and biotechnology, whereas Gre factors are highly conserved throughout the bacterial kingdom. Here we discovered that loss of Gre factors in E. coli leads to phenotypic heterogeneity under ·NO and H2O2 stress, which we further show with ·NO results in cheating between subpopulations. Collectively, these data suggest that Gre factors play a role in coping with toxic metabolite stress, and that loss of Gre factors can produce cheating between neighbors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan M Sivaloganathan
- Program in Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xuanqing Wan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gabrielle Leon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark P Brynildsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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15
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Cheng Y, Zhong W, Chen Y, Tan BSN, Zhao Y, Guo J, Ma M, Zhao Y. Bimetal-Biligand Frameworks for Spatiotemporal Nitric Oxide-Enhanced Sono-Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2408242. [PMID: 39225414 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202408242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy can trigger immunogenic cell death to augment immunotherapy, benefiting from its superior spatiotemporal selectivity and non-invasiveness. However, the practical applications of sonosensitizers are hindered by their low efficacy in killing cancer cells and activating immune responses. Here, two US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug ligands (ferricyanide and nitroprusside) and two types of metals (copper/iron) are selected to construct a bimetal-biligand framework (Cu[PBA-NO]). Through elaborate regulation of multiple metal/ligand coordination, the systemically administered Cu[PBA-NO] nanoagent shows sono-catalytic and NO release ability under ultrasound irradiation, which can be used for effective sono-immunotherapy. Moreover, Cu[PBA-NO] can downregulate intracellular glutathione levels that would destroy intracellular redox homeostasis and facilitate reactive oxygen species accumulation. The released tumor-associated antigens subsequently facilitate dendritic cell maturation within the tumor-draining lymph node, effectively initiating a T cell-mediated immune response and thereby bolstering the capacity to identify and combat cancer cells. This study paves a new avenue for the efficient cancer sono-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Brynne Shu Ni Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Mengmeng Ma
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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16
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Cabello MC, Chen G, Melville MJ, Osman R, Kumar GD, Domaille DW, Lippert AR. Ex Tenebris Lux: Illuminating Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species with Small Molecule Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9225-9375. [PMID: 39137397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are small reactive molecules derived from elements in the air─oxygen and nitrogen. They are produced in biological systems to mediate fundamental aspects of cellular signaling but must be very tightly balanced to prevent indiscriminate damage to biological molecules. Small molecule probes can transmute the specific nature of each reactive oxygen and nitrogen species into an observable luminescent signal (or even an acoustic wave) to offer sensitive and selective imaging in living cells and whole animals. This review focuses specifically on small molecule probes for superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite that provide a luminescent or photoacoustic signal. Important background information on general photophysical phenomena, common probe designs, mechanisms, and imaging modalities will be provided, and then, probes for each analyte will be thoroughly evaluated. A discussion of the successes of the field will be presented, followed by recommendations for improvement and a future outlook of emerging trends. Our objectives are to provide an informative, useful, and thorough field guide to small molecule probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as important context to compare the ecosystem of chemistries and molecular scaffolds that has manifested within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidileyvis C Cabello
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Michael J Melville
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rokia Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - G Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dylan W Domaille
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander R Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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17
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Hu Y, Ding M, Lv X, Jiang J, Zhang J, Yang D. Stimuli-Responsive NO Delivery Platforms for Bacterial Infection Treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2402240. [PMID: 39171769 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202402240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of drug-resistant bacterial infections has emerged as a grave threat to clinical treatment and global human health, presenting one of the foremost challenges in medical care. Thus, there is an urgent imperative to develop safe and efficacious novel antimicrobial strategies. Nitric oxide (NO) is a recognized endogenous signaling molecule, which plays a pivotal role in numerous pathological processes. Currently, NO has garnered significant interest as an antibacterial agent due to its capability to eradicate bacteria, disrupt biofilms, and facilitate wound healing, all while circumventing the emergence of drug resistance. However, the inherently unstable characteristic of NO therapeutic gas renders the controlled administration of NO gases exceedingly challenging. Hence, in this review, the current challenge of bacterial infection is discussed; then it is briefly elucidated the antibacterial mechanism of NO and comprehensively delineate the recent advancements in stimulus-responsive NO delivery platforms, along with their merits, obstacles, and prospective avenues for clinical application. This review offers guidance for future advancements in NO-medicated anti-infection therapy is hoped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Hu
- College of Life and Health, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, Nanjing, 210048, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ding
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jingai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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18
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Hung JH, Zhang SM, Huang SL. Nitrate promotes the growth and the production of short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan from commensal anaerobe Veillonella dispar in the lactate-deficient environment by facilitating the catabolism of glutamate and aspartate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0114824. [PMID: 39082806 PMCID: PMC11337843 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01148-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Veillonella spp. are nitrate-reducing bacteria with anaerobic respiratory activity that reduce nitrate to nitrite. They are obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative cocci that ferment lactate as the main carbon source and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Commensal Veillonella reside in the human body site where lactate level is, however, limited for Veillonella growth. In this study, nitrate was shown to promote the anaerobic growth of Veillonella in the lactate-deficient media. We aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and the metabolism involved in nitrate respiration. Nitrate (15 mM) was demonstrated to promote Veillonella dispar growth and viability in the tryptone-yeast extract medium containing 0.5 mM L-lactate. Metabolite and transcriptomic analyses revealed nitrate enabled V. dispar to actively utilize glutamate and aspartate from the medium and secrete tryptophan. Glutamate or aspartate was further supplemented to a medium to investigate individual catabolism during nitrate respiration. Notably, nitrate was demonstrated to elevate SCFA production in the glutamate-supplemented medium, and further increase tryptophan production in the aspartate-supplemented medium. We proposed that the increased consumption of glutamate provided reducing power for nitrate respiration and aspartate served as a substrate for fumarate formation. Both glutamate and aspartate were incorporated into the central metabolic pathways via reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle and were linked with the increased production of acetate, propionate, and tryptophan. This study provides further understanding of the promoted growth and metabolic mechanisms by commensal V. dispar utilizing nitrate and specific amino acids to adapt to the lactate-deficient environment.IMPORTANCENitrate is a pivotal ecological factor influencing microbial community and metabolism. Dietary nitrate provides health benefits including anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects via microbial-derived metabolites such as nitrite. Unraveling the impacts of nitrate on the growth and metabolism of human commensal bacteria is imperative to comprehend the intricate roles of nitrate in regulating microbial metabolism, community, and human health. Veillonella are lactate-utilizing, nitrate-reducing bacteria that are frequently found in the human body site where lactate levels are low and nitrate is at millimolar levels. Here, we comprehensively described the metabolic strategies employed by V. dispar to thrive in the lactate-deficient environment using nitrate respiration and catabolism of specific amino acids. The elevated production of SCFAs and tryptophan from amino acids during nitrate respiration of V. dispar further suggested the potential roles of nitrate and Veillonella in the promotion of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-He Hung
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yangming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Min Zhang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yangming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shir-Ly Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yangming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Gong F, Xin S, Liu X, He C, Yu X, Pan L, Zhang S, Gao H, Xu J. Multiple biological characteristics and functions of intestinal biofilm extracellular polymers: friend or foe? Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1445630. [PMID: 39224216 PMCID: PMC11367570 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1445630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is vital to human health, and their biofilms significantly impact intestinal immunity and the maintenance of microbial balance. Certain pathogens, however, can employ biofilms to elude identification by the immune system and medical therapy, resulting in intestinal diseases. The biofilm is formed by extracellular polymorphic substances (EPS), which shield microbial pathogens from the host immune system and enhance its antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, investigating the impact of extracellular polysaccharides released by pathogens that form biofilms on virulence and defence mechanisms is crucial. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of current pathogenic biofilm research, deal with the role of extracellular polymers in the formation and maintenance of pathogenic biofilm, and elaborate different prevention and treatment strategies to provide an innovative approach to the treatment of intestinal pathogen-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrong Gong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luming Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sitian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Rajaiah R, Pandey K, Acharya A, Ambikan A, Kumar N, Guda R, Avedissian SN, Montaner LJ, Cohen SM, Neogi U, Byrareddy SN. Differential immunometabolic responses to Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in golden syrian hamsters. iScience 2024; 27:110501. [PMID: 39171289 PMCID: PMC11338146 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants of SARS-CoV-2 represents unique clinical characteristics. However, their role in altering immunometabolic regulations during acute infection remains convoluted. Here, we evaluated the differential immunopathogenesis of Delta vs. Omicron variants in Golden Syrian hamsters (GSH). The Delta variant resulted in higher virus titers in throat swabs and the lungs and exhibited higher lung damage with immune cell infiltration than the Omicron variant. The gene expression levels of immune mediators and metabolic enzymes, Arg-1 and IDO1 in the Delta-infected lungs were significantly higher compared to Omicron. Further, Delta/Omicron infection perturbed carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, and TCA cycle metabolites and was differentially regulated compared to uninfected lungs. Collectively, our data provide a novel insight into immunometabolic/pathogenic outcomes for Delta vs. Omicron infection in the GSH displaying concordance with COVID-19 patients associated with inflammation and tissue injury during acute infection that offered possible new targets to develop potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Rajaiah
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kabita Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anoop Ambikan
- The Systems Virology Lab, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Reema Guda
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sean N. Avedissian
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Luis J. Montaner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samuel M. Cohen
- Havlik Wall Professor of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Havlik Wall Professor of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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21
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Maccallini C, Budriesi R, De Filippis B, Amoroso R. Advancements in the Research of New Modulators of Nitric Oxide Synthases Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8486. [PMID: 39126054 PMCID: PMC11313090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been defined as the "miracle molecule" due to its essential pleiotropic role in living systems. Besides its implications in physiologic functions, it is also involved in the development of several disease states, and understanding this ambivalence is crucial for medicinal chemists to develop therapeutic strategies that regulate NO production without compromising its beneficial functions in cell physiology. Although nitric oxide synthase (NOS), i.e., the enzyme deputed to the NO biosynthesis, is a well-recognized druggable target to regulate NO bioavailability, some issues have emerged during the past decades, limiting the progress of NOS modulators in clinical trials. In the present review, we discuss the most promising advancements in the research of small molecules that are able to regulate NOS activity with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles, providing an updated framework of this research field that could be useful for the design and development of new NOS modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maccallini
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (B.D.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (B.D.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (B.D.F.); (R.A.)
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22
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Pan Y, Liu C, Jiang S, Guan L, Liu X, Wen L. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of a low molecular weight polysaccharide from Nostoc commune Vaucher and its structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 108:106961. [PMID: 38936294 PMCID: PMC11260389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a novel crude polysaccharide (cNCEP) was extracted from N. commune Vaucher utilizing ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with 60 % ethanol, employing response surface methodology. The optimal yield of cNCEP was determined to be 8.07 ± 0.08 mg/g, achieved through ultrasonic-assisted extraction under the conditions of a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:22, temperature of 56 °C, power of 570 W, and duration of 147 min. Subsequent purification of NCEP via Sephadex G75 resulted in a novel polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 20.466 kDa. NCEP exhibited significant scavenging activites against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, as well as notable in vitro immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of NCEP, involving enhancement of immunity, were investigated, revealing potential regulation of MAPK and TLR4-IRF7-NF-κB signaling pathways through RNA-Seq and Western blot analyses. These findings highlight the promising potential of NCEP as an organic immunomodulatory agent and functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; Jilin Province Economic Management Cadre College,Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- Jilin Province Economic Management Cadre College,Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Shuo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Lili Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| | - Liankui Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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23
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Ghaffari-Bohlouli P, Jafari H, Okoro OV, Alimoradi H, Nie L, Jiang G, Kakkar A, Shavandi A. Gas Therapy: Generating, Delivery, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301349. [PMID: 38193272 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and hydrogen (H2) with direct effects, and carbon dioxide (CO2) with complementary effects on the condition of various diseases are known as therapeutic gases. The targeted delivery and in situ generation of these therapeutic gases with controllable release at the site of disease has attracted attention to avoid the risk of gas poisoning and improve their performance in treating various diseases such as cancer therapy, cardiovascular therapy, bone tissue engineering, and wound healing. Stimuli-responsive gas-generating sources and delivery systems based on biomaterials that enable on-demand and controllable release are promising approaches for precise gas therapy. This work highlights current advances in the design and development of new approaches and systems to generate and deliver therapeutic gases at the site of disease with on-demand release behavior. The performance of the delivered gases in various biomedical applications is then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Ghaffari-Bohlouli
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hafez Jafari
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Houman Alimoradi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Lei Nie
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Guohua Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Amin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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24
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Franco GA, Molinari F, Marino Y, Tranchida N, Inferrera F, Fusco R, Di Paola R, Crupi R, Cuzzocrea S, Gugliandolo E, Britti D. Enviromental endocrine disruptor risks in the central nervous system: Neurotoxic effects of PFOS and glyphosate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104496. [PMID: 38959819 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) pose significant risks to human and environmental health, with potential implications for neurotoxicity. This study investigates the synergistic neurotoxic effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and glyphosate (GLY), two ubiquitous EDs, using SHSY5Y neuronal and C6 astrocytic cell lines. While individual exposures to PFOS and glyphosate at non-toxic concentrations did not induce significant changes, their combination resulted in a marked increase in oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory responses. Specifically, the co-exposure led to elevated levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma, along with reduced interleukin-10 expression, indicative of heightened neuroinflammatory processes. These findings underscore the importance of considering the synergistic interactions of EDs in assessing neurotoxic risks and highlight the urgent need for further research to mitigate the adverse effects of these compounds on neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Ylenia Marino
- Department CHIBIOFARAM, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Nicla Tranchida
- Department CHIBIOFARAM, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Fusco
- Department CHIBIOFARAM, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department CHIBIOFARAM, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus Universitario "Salvatore Venuta" Viale Europa, 4 "Magna Græcia University" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
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25
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Bin Y, Ren J, Zhang H, Zhang T, Liu P, Xin Z, Yang H, Feng Z, Chen Z, Zhang H. Against all odds: The road to success in the development of human immune reconstitution mice. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:460-470. [PMID: 38591343 PMCID: PMC11369039 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The mouse genome has a high degree of homology with the human genome, and its physiological, biochemical, and developmental regulation mechanisms are similar to those of humans; therefore, mice are widely used as experimental animals. However, it is undeniable that interspecies differences between humans and mice can lead to experimental errors. The differences in the immune system have become an important factor limiting current immunological research. The application of immunodeficient mice provides a possible solution to these problems. By transplanting human immune cells or tissues, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells or hematopoietic stem cells, into immunodeficient mice, a human immune system can be reconstituted in the mouse body, and the engrafted immune cells can elicit human-specific immune responses. Researchers have been actively exploring the development and differentiation conditions of host recipient animals and grafts in order to achieve better immune reconstitution. Through genetic engineering methods, immunodeficient mice can be further modified to provide a favorable developmental and differentiation microenvironment for the grafts. From initially only being able to reconstruct single T lymphocyte lineages, it is now possible to reconstruct lymphoid and myeloid cells, providing important research tools for immunology-related studies. In this review, we compare the differences in immune systems of humans and mice, describe the development history of human immune reconstitution from the perspectives of immunodeficient mice and grafts, and discuss the latest advances in enhancing the efficiency of human immune cell reconstitution, aiming to provide important references for immunological related researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Bin
- School of Basic Medical SciencesShaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangChina
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Basic Medical SciencesShaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangChina
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Haowei Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Peijuan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhiqian Xin
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Haijiao Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhuan Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhinan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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26
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Wolak T, Dicker D, Shifer Y, Grossman A, Rokach A, Shitrit M, Tal A. A safety evaluation of intermittent high-dose inhaled nitric oxide in viral pneumonia due to COVID-19: a randomised clinical study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17201. [PMID: 39060420 PMCID: PMC11282178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-dose inhaled Nitric Oxide (iNO) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, vasodilator, and antimicrobial properties, resulting in improved arterial oxygenation as well as a beneficial therapeutic effect on lower respiratory tract infections. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of 150-ppm intermittent iNO administered with a novel iNO-generator, for treating adults hospitalised for viral pneumonia. In this prospective, open-label, multicenter study, subjects aged 18-80, diagnosed with viral pneumonia received either standard supportive treatment alone (Control-Group) or combined with iNO for 40 min, 4 times per day up to 7 days (Treatment-Group). Out of 40 recruited subjects, 35 were included in the intention-to-treat population (34 with COVID-19). Adverse Events rate was similar between the groups (56.3% vs. 42.1%; respectively). No treatment-related adverse events were reported, while 2 serious adverse events were accounted for by underlying pre-existing conditions. Among the Treatment-Group, oxygen support duration was reduced by 2.7 days (Hazard Ratio = 2.8; p = 0.0339), a greater number of subjects reached oxygen saturation ≥ 93% within hospitalisation period (Hazard Ratio = 5.4; p = 0.049), and a trend for earlier discharge was demonstrated. Intermittent 150-ppm iNO-treatment is well-tolerated, safe, and beneficial compared to usual care for spontaneously breathing hospitalised adults diagnosed with COVID-19 viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Wolak
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Bait Shmuel St, P.O. Box 3235, 9103102, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - D Dicker
- Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Shifer
- Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - A Grossman
- Internal Medicine B, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - A Rokach
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Pulmonary Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Shitrit
- Respiratory Therapy Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Tal
- Beyond Air, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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27
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Famta P, Shah S, Vambhurkar G, Pandey G, Bagasariya D, Kumar KC, Prasad SB, Shinde A, Wagh S, Srinivasarao DA, Kumar R, Khatri DK, Asthana A, Srivastava S. Amelioration of breast cancer therapies through normalization of tumor vessels and microenvironment: paradigm shift to improve drug perfusion and nanocarrier permeation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01669-9. [PMID: 39009931 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Chemo-, immune- and photothermal therapies are employed to manage BC. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) prevents free drugs and nanocarriers (NCs) from entering the tumor premises. Formulation scientists rely on enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) to extravasate NCs in the TME. However, recent research has demonstrated the inconsistent nature of EPR among different patients and tumor types. In addition, angiogenesis, high intra-tumor fluid pressure, desmoplasia, and high cell and extracellular matrix density resist the accumulation of NCs in the TME. In this review, we discuss TME normalization as an approach to improve the penetration of drugs and NCSs in the tumor premises. Strategies such as normalization of tumor vessels, reversal of hypoxia, alleviation of high intra-tumor pressure, and infiltration of lymphocytes for the reversal of therapy failure have been discussed in this manuscript. Strategies to promote the infiltration of anticancer immune cells in the TME after vascular normalization have been discussed. Studies strategizing time points to administer TME-normalizing agents are highlighted. Mechanistic pathways controlling the angiogenesis and normalization processes are discussed along with the studies. This review will provide greater tumor-targeting insights to the formulation scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Famta
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Giriraj Pandey
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Deepkumar Bagasariya
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Kondasingh Charan Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Sajja Bhanu Prasad
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Akshay Shinde
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Suraj Wagh
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nims Institute of Pharmacy, Nims University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Asthana
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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Meng T, He D, Han Z, Shi R, Wang Y, Ren B, Zhang C, Mao Z, Luo G, Deng J. Nanomaterial-Based Repurposing of Macrophage Metabolism and Its Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:246. [PMID: 39007981 PMCID: PMC11250772 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage immunotherapy represents an emerging therapeutic approach aimed at modulating the immune response to alleviate disease symptoms. Nanomaterials (NMs) have been engineered to monitor macrophage metabolism, enabling the evaluation of disease progression and the replication of intricate physiological signal patterns. They achieve this either directly or by delivering regulatory signals, thereby mapping phenotype to effector functions through metabolic repurposing to customize macrophage fate for therapy. However, a comprehensive summary regarding NM-mediated macrophage visualization and coordinated metabolic rewiring to maintain phenotypic equilibrium is currently lacking. This review aims to address this gap by outlining recent advancements in NM-based metabolic immunotherapy. We initially explore the relationship between metabolism, polarization, and disease, before delving into recent NM innovations that visualize macrophage activity to elucidate disease onset and fine-tune its fate through metabolic remodeling for macrophage-centered immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of NM-mediated metabolic immunotherapy, aiming to accelerate clinical translation. We anticipate that this review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to leverage novel metabolic intervention-matched immunomodulators in macrophages or other fields of immune engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Meng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuolei Han
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Shi
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bibo Ren
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Amoakon JP, Mylavarapu G, Amin RS, Naren AP. Pulmonary Vascular Dysfunctions in Cystic Fibrosis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38501963 PMCID: PMC11368519 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a deleterious mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Given that the CFTR protein is a chloride channel expressed on a variety of cells throughout the human body, mutations in this gene impact several organs, particularly the lungs. For this very reason, research regarding CF disease and CFTR function has historically focused on the lung airway epithelium. Nevertheless, it was discovered more than two decades ago that CFTR is also expressed and functional on endothelial cells. Despite the great strides that have been made in understanding the role of CFTR in the airway epithelium, the role of CFTR in the endothelium remains unclear. Considering that the airway epithelium and endothelium work in tandem to allow gas exchange, it becomes very crucial to understand how a defective CFTR protein can impact the pulmonary vasculature and overall lung function. Fortunately, more recent research has been dedicated to elucidating the role of CFTR in the endothelium. As a result, several vascular dysfunctions associated with CF disease have come to light. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on pulmonary vascular dysfunctions in CF and discuss applicable therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Amoakon
- Department of Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Goutham Mylavarapu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Raouf S Amin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Department of Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
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Ten Brink T, Damanik F, Rotmans JI, Moroni L. Unraveling and Harnessing the Immune Response at the Cell-Biomaterial Interface for Tissue Engineering Purposes. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301939. [PMID: 38217464 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials are defined as "engineered materials" and include a range of natural and synthetic products, designed for their introduction into and interaction with living tissues. Biomaterials are considered prominent tools in regenerative medicine that support the restoration of tissue defects and retain physiologic functionality. Although commonly used in the medical field, these constructs are inherently foreign toward the host and induce an immune response at the material-tissue interface, defined as the foreign body response (FBR). A strong connection between the foreign body response and tissue regeneration is suggested, in which an appropriate amount of immune response and macrophage polarization is necessary to trigger autologous tissue formation. Recent developments in this field have led to the characterization of immunomodulatory traits that optimizes bioactivity, the integration of biomaterials and determines the fate of tissue regeneration. This review addresses a variety of aspects that are involved in steering the inflammatory response, including immune cell interactions, physical characteristics, biochemical cues, and metabolomics. Harnessing the advancing knowledge of the FBR allows for the optimization of biomaterial-based implants, aiming to prevent damage of the implant, improve natural regeneration, and provide the tools for an efficient and successful in vivo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ten Brink
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Febriyani Damanik
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I Rotmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
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Sinha S, Dhankani P, Nahiyera M, Singh KB, Singh D, Mugale MN, Sharma S, Kumaravelu J, Dikshit M, Kumar S. iNOS regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via mitochondrial signaling and is critical for bone marrow regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 219:184-194. [PMID: 38636716 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) replenish blood cells under steady state and on demand, that exhibit therapeutic potential for Bone marrow failures and leukemia. Redox signaling plays key role in immune cells and hematopoiesis. However, the role of reactive nitrogen species in hematopoiesis remains unclear and requires further investigation. We investigated the significance of inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (iNOS/NO) signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and hematopoiesis under steady-state and stress conditions. HSCs contain low levels of NO and iNOS under normal conditions, but these increase upon bone marrow stress. iNOS-deficient mice showed subtle changes in peripheral blood cells but significant alterations in HSPCs, including increased HSCs and multipotent progenitors. Surprisingly, iNOS-deficient mice displayed heightened susceptibility and delayed recovery of blood progeny following 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) induced hematopoietic stress. Loss of quiescence and increased mitochondrial stress, indicated by elevated MitoSOX and MMPhi HSCs, were observed in iNOS-deficient mice. Furthermore, pharmacological approaches to mitigate mitochondrial stress rescued 5-FU-induced HSC death. Conversely, iNOS-NO signaling was required for demand-driven mitochondrial activity and proliferation during hematopoietic recovery, as iNOS-deficient mice and NO signaling inhibitors exhibit reduced mitochondrial activity. In conclusion, our study challenges the conventional view of iNOS-derived NO as a cytotoxic molecule and highlights its intriguing role in HSPCs. Together, our findings provide insights into the crucial role of the iNOS-NO-mitochondrial axis in regulating HSPCs and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sinha
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Dhankani
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Milind Nahiyera
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Krishna Bhan Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Jagavelu Kumaravelu
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India.
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Tan X, Cui J, Liu N, Wang X, Li H, Liu Y, Zhang W, Ma W, Lu D, Fan Y. Study on the immune-enhancing and inhabiting transmissible gastroenteritis virus effects of polysaccharides from Cimicifuga rhizoma. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106719. [PMID: 38810768 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cimicifugae rhizoma is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine in China, and modern pharmacological research showed that it has obvious antiviral activity. Many polysaccharides have been proved to have immune enhancement and antiviral activity, but there are few studies on the biological activity of Cimicifuga rhizoma polysaccharide (CRP). The aim was to explore the character of CRP and its effects on improving immune activity and inhibiting transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). The monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, fourier transform infrared spectra and electron microscopy analysis of CRP was measured. The effect of CRP on immune activity in lymphocytes and RAW264.7 cells were studied by colorimetry, FITC-OVA fluorescent staining and ELISA. The effect of CRP on TGEV-infected PK-15 cells was determined using Real-time PCR, Hoechst fluorescence staining, trypan blue staining, acridine orange staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI fluorescent staining, DCFH-DA loading probe, and JC-1 staining. Network pharmacology was used to predict the targets of CRP in enhancing immunity and anti-TGEV, and molecular docking was used to further analyze the binding mode between CPR and core targets. The results showed that CRP was mainly composed of glucose and galactose, and its molecular weight was 64.28 kDa. The content of iNOS and NO in CRP group were significantly higher than the control group. CRP (125 and 62.5 μg/mL) could significantly enhance the phagocytic capacity of RAW264.7 cells, and imprive the content of IL-1β content compared with control group. 250 μg/mL of CRP possessed the significant inhibitory effect on TGEV, which could significantly reduce the apoptosis compared to TGVE group and inhibit the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential compared to TGVE group. The mRNA expression of TGEV N gene in CRP groups was significantly lower than TGEV group. PPI showed that the core targets of immune-enhancing were AKT1, MMP9, HSP90AA1, etc., and the core targets of TGE were CASP3, MMP9, EGFR, etc. Molecular docking show that CRP has binding potential with target. These results indicated that CRP possessed the better immune enhancement effect and anti-TGEV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Jing Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Nishang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Xingchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Huicong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Wuren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Dezhang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China.
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China.
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Rodrigo DCG, Udayantha HMV, Omeka WKM, Liyanage DS, Dilshan MAH, Hanchapola HACR, Kodagoda YK, Lee J, Lee S, Jeong T, Wan Q, Lee J. Molecular characterization, cytoprotective, DNA protective, and immunological assessment of peroxiredoxin-1 (Prdx1) from yellowtail clownfish (Amphiprion clarkii). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105175. [PMID: 38574831 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin-1 (Prdx1) is a thiol-specific antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulates the redox status of cells. In this study, the Prdx1 cDNA sequence was isolated from the pre-established Amphiprion clarkii (A. clarkii) (AcPrdx1) transcriptome database and characterized structurally and functionally. The AcPrdx1 coding sequence comprises 597 bp and encodes 198 amino acids with a molecular weight of 22.1 kDa and a predicted theoretical isoelectric point of 6.3. AcPrdx1 is localized and functionally available in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. The TXN domain of AcPrdx1 comprises two peroxiredoxin signature VCP motifs, which contain catalytic peroxidatic (Cp-C52) and resolving cysteine (CR-C173) residues. The constructed phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment revealed that AcPrdx1 is evolutionarily conserved, and its most closely related counterpart is Amphiprion ocellaris. Under normal physiological conditions, AcPrdx1 was ubiquitously detected in all tissues examined, with the most robust expression in the spleen. Furthermore, AcPrdx1 transcripts were significantly upregulated in the spleen, head kidney, and blood after immune stimulation by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Vibrio harveyi injection. Recombinant AcPrdx1 (rAcPrdx1) demonstrated antioxidant and DNA protective properties in a concentration-dependent manner, as evidenced by insulin disulfide reduction, peroxidase activity, and metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) assays, whereas cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)/AcPrdx1 showed significant cytoprotective function under oxidative and nitrosative stress. Overexpression of AcPrdx1 in fathead minnow (FHM) cells led to a lower viral copy number following viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection, along with upregulation of several antiviral genes. Collectively, this study provides insights into the function of AcPrdx1 in defense against oxidative stressors and its role in the immune response against pathogenic infections in A. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C G Rodrigo
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - H M V Udayantha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - M A H Dilshan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - H A C R Hanchapola
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Kodagoda
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Life Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Life Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Life Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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McDonald A, Warden C, Tan J, Piell KM, Steinbach-Rankins JM, Janakiraman N, Scott DA, Cole MP, Gudhimella S. Synthesis and Characterization of a Sustained Nitric Oxide-Releasing Orthodontic Elastomeric Chain for Antimicrobial Action. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6982. [PMID: 39000090 PMCID: PMC11241501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The acidic byproducts of bacteria in plaque around orthodontic brackets contribute to white spot lesion (WSL) formation. Nitric oxide (NO) has antibacterial properties, hindering biofilm formation and inhibiting the growth of oral microbes. Materials that mimic NO release could prevent oral bacteria-related pathologies. This study aims to integrate S-nitroso-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a promising NO donor, into orthodontic elastomeric ligatures, apply an additional polymer coating, and evaluate the NO-release kinetics and antimicrobial activity against Streptococus mutans. SNAP was added to clear elastomeric chains (8 loops, 23 mm long) at three concentrations (50, 75, 100 mg/mL, and a control). Chains were then coated, via electrospinning, with additional polymer (Elastollan®) to aid in extending the NO release. NO flux was measured daily for 30 days. Samples with 75 mg/mL SNAP + Elastollan® were tested against S. mutans for inhibition of biofilm formation on and around the chain. SNAP was successfully integrated into ligatures at each concentration. Only the 75 mg/mL SNAP chains maintained their elasticity. After polymer coating, samples exhibited a significant burst of NO on the first day, exceeding the machine's reading capacity, which gradually decreased over 29 days. Ligatures also inhibited S. mutans growth and biofilm formation. Future research will assess their mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. This study presents a novel strategy to address white spot lesion (WSL) formation and bacterial-related pathologies by utilizing nitric oxide-releasing materials. Manufactured chains with antimicrobial properties provide a promising solution for orthodontic challenges, showing significant potential for academic-industrial collaboration and commercial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec McDonald
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Carly Warden
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jinlian Tan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jill M Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Marsha P Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sudha Gudhimella
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Yin Z, Sun X, Chai X, Zhou X, Wang Y, Liu M, Feng X. The Effects of Dietary Pterostilbene on the Immune Response, Antioxidant Function, and Jejunal Structure of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1851. [PMID: 38997964 PMCID: PMC11240711 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pterostilbene (PTE) supplementation in feed on Arbor Acres broilers in terms of serum biochemical parameters, immune and inflammatory responses, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphological structure. For a duration of 42 days, a total of 480 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four groups. Each group was assigned to receive either the basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg of PTE. Each treatment consisted of eight replicates, with 15 chicks per replicate. In comparison with the control group, three PTE treatments significantly increased the lymphocyte transformation rate in the spleen of broilers. The automated biochemical analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and RT-qPCR analysis kits found that 400 mg/kg of PTE significantly increased the serum levels of complement C3, IL-4, and iNOS; reduced the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and mRNA levels of the genes IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, NLRP3, and IFN-γ; significantly improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, GSH-Px, and T-SOD in the jejunum; and significantly reduced the MDA contents in the serum and jejunum of broilers. Nikon microscope observations and ImagePro Plus 6.0 measure results found that 400 mg/kg of PTE supplementation significantly reduced the relative length and weight of the jejunum and improved the jejunal villi structure, resulting in increased intestinal villi, deepened crypt, and an enhanced ratio of villi height to crypt depth (VH/CD). RT-qPCR and Western blot found that dietary PTE also resulted in increased mRNA levels of the genes Claudin-2, Occludin, ZO-1, and Sirt1, and decreased NF-κB protein levels in the jejunum. The results of this study demonstrated that dietary PTE improved the immune function and intestinal health of broilers by reducing inflammation and increasing the antioxidant capacity of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Xue Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Xuehong Chai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Yingjie Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300222, China;
| | - Mengru Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Xingjun Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
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Grayton QE, Phan TT, Kussatz CC, Schoenfisch MH. Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Silica Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Nitric Oxide to Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3796-3809. [PMID: 38776418 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance and off-target toxicity are two of the greatest challenges to chemotherapeutic melanoma treatments. Nitric oxide (NO) represents an attractive alternative to conventional therapeutics due to its numerous anticancer properties and low probability of engendering resistance. As NO is highly reactive, macromolecular NO donors are needed for the controlled and targeted delivery of NO for therapeutic applications. Herein, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) were developed as a NO delivery system to facilitate controlled delivery to cancer cells through both passive and active targeting via the enhanced permeation and retention effect and directed binding of HA with CD44 receptors, respectively. The aminosilane modification, HA concentration, and HA molecular weight were systematically evaluated to facilitate the MSN coating and NO loading. The hydrodynamic diameter and dispersity of the nanoparticles increased after HA coating due to the hydrophilic nature of HA, with greater increases observed at higher HA molecular weight. Lower starting concentrations of HA and aminosilanes with longer alkyl chains favored more efficient HA coating. Faster NO-release kinetics and lower NO payloads were observed for the HA-coated MSNs relative to uncoated MSNs. However, the localized delivery of NO to cancer cells through the active targeting conferred by HA increased levels of oxidative stress and induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in melanoma cells. Cytotoxicity was also evaluated against human dermal fibroblasts, with the use of 6 kDa HA-coated MSNs resulting in the greatest therapeutic indices. Enhanced internalization of HA-coated nanoparticles into melanoma cells versus uncoated nanoparticles was visualized with confocal microscopy and quantified by fluorescence spectroscopy. In total, HA-coated MSNs represent a promising NO delivery system for potential use as a chemotherapeutic for skin melanomas.
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Chauhan S, Nusbaum RJ, Huante MB, Holloway AJ, Endsley MA, Gelman BB, Lisinicchia JG, Endsley JJ. Therapeutic Modulation of Arginase with nor-NOHA Alters Immune Responses in Experimental Mouse Models of Pulmonary Tuberculosis including in the Setting of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Co-Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:129. [PMID: 38922041 PMCID: PMC11209148 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9060129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
L-arginine metabolism is strongly linked with immunity to mycobacteria, primarily through the antimicrobial activity of nitric oxide (NO). The potential to modulate tuberculosis (TB) outcomes through interventions that target L-arginine pathways are limited by an incomplete understanding of mechanisms and inadequate in vivo modeling. These gaps in knowledge are compounded for HIV and Mtb co-infections, where activation of arginase-1 due to HIV infection may promote survival and replication of both Mtb and HIV. We utilized in vitro and in vivo systems to determine how arginase inhibition using Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (nor-NOHA) alters L-arginine pathway metabolism relative to immune responses and disease outcomes following Mtb infection. Treatment with nor-NOHA polarized murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) towards M1 phenotype, increased NO, and reduced Mtb in RAW macrophages. In Balb/c mice, nor-NOHA reduced pulmonary arginase and increased the antimicrobial metabolite spermine in association with a trend towards reduced Mtb CFU in lung. In humanized immune system (HIS) mice, HIV infection increased plasma arginase and heightened the pulmonary arginase response to Mtb. Treatment with nor-NOHA increased cytokine responses to Mtb and Mtb/HIV in lung tissue but did not significantly alter bacterial burden or viral load. Our results suggest that L-arginine pathway modulators may have potential as host-directed therapies to augment antibiotics in TB chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.C.); (R.J.N.); (M.B.H.); (A.J.H.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Rebecca J. Nusbaum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.C.); (R.J.N.); (M.B.H.); (A.J.H.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Matthew B. Huante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.C.); (R.J.N.); (M.B.H.); (A.J.H.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Alex J. Holloway
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.C.); (R.J.N.); (M.B.H.); (A.J.H.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Mark A. Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.C.); (R.J.N.); (M.B.H.); (A.J.H.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Benjamin B. Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (B.B.G.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Joshua G. Lisinicchia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (B.B.G.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Janice J. Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.C.); (R.J.N.); (M.B.H.); (A.J.H.); (M.A.E.)
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Han M, Zhou Z, Zhu T, Yu C, Si Q, Zhu C, Gao T, Jiang Q. Metabolomics and microbiome co-analysis reveals altered innate immune responses in Charybdis japonica following Aeromonas hydrophila infection. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101240. [PMID: 38718732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to elucidate the innate immune response of Charybdis japonica following exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila. This study integrated metabolomics, 16S rRNA sequencing, and enzymatic activity data to dissect the immune mechanisms activated in response to infection. Infection with A. hydrophila resulted in an increased abundance of beneficial intestinal genera such as Photobacterium spp., Rhodobacter spp., Polaribacter spp., Psychrilyobacter spp., and Mesoflavibacter spp. These probiotics appear to suppress A. hydrophila colonization by competitively dominating the intestinal microbiota. Key metabolic pathways affected included fatty acid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism, highlighting their role in the crab's intestinal response. Enzymatic analysis revealed a decrease in activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, which are essential for energy homeostasis and ATP production necessary for stress responses. Additionally, reductions were observed in the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. Gene expression analysis showed downregulation in Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), with concurrent increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating severe oxidative stress. This study provides insights into the molecular strategies employed by marine crabs to counteract bacterial invasions in their natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Han
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Tian Zhu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Cigang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210424, China
| | - Qin Si
- Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210424, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Tianheng Gao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China; Low-temperature Germplasm Bank of Important Economic Fish (Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Resources (Agricultural Germplasm Resources) Coordination Service Platform, Nanjing 210017, China.
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Suzuki S, Morita Y, Ishige S, Kai K, Kawasaki K, Matsushita K, Ogura K, Miyoshi-Akiyama† T, Shimizu T. Effects of quorum sensing-interfering agents, including macrolides and furanone C-30, and an efflux pump inhibitor on nitrosative stress sensitivity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001464. [PMID: 38900549 PMCID: PMC11263931 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Long-term administration of certain macrolides is efficacious in patients with persistent pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, despite how limited the clinically achievable concentrations are, being far below their MICs. An increase in the sub-MIC of macrolide exposure-dependent sensitivity to nitrosative stress is a typical characteristic of P. aeruginosa. However, a few P. aeruginosa clinical isolates do not respond to sub-MIC of macrolide treatment. Therefore, we examined the effects of sub-MIC of erythromycin (EM) on the sensitivity to nitrosative stress together with an efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) phenylalanine arginyl β-naphthylamide (PAβN). The sensitivity to nitrosative stress increased, suggesting that the efflux pump was involved in inhibiting the sub-MIC of macrolide effect. Analysis using efflux pump-mutant P. aeruginosa revealed that MexAB-OprM, MexXY-OprM, and MexCD-OprJ are factors in reducing the sub-MIC of macrolide effect. Since macrolides interfere with quorum sensing (QS), we demonstrated that the QS-interfering agent furanone C-30 (C-30) producing greater sensitivity to nitric oxide (NO) stress than EM. The effect of C-30 was decreased by overproduction of MexAB-OprM. To investigate whether the increase in the QS-interfering agent exposure-dependent sensitivity to nitrosative stress is characteristic of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, we examined the viability of P. aeruginosa treated with NO. Although treatment with EM could reduce cell viability, a high variability in EM effects was observed. Conversely, C-30 was highly effective at reducing cell viability. Treatment with both C-30 and PAβN was sufficiently effective against the remaining isolates. Therefore, the combination of a QS-interfering agent and an EPI could be effective in treating P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yuji Morita
- Department of Infection Control Science, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Shota Ishige
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Kai
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawasaki
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsushita
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogura
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 6110011, Japan
| | - Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama†
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Hendrix SV, Mreyoud Y, McNehlan ME, Smirnov A, Chavez SM, Hie B, Chamberland MM, Bradstreet TR, Webber AM, Kreamalmeyer D, Taneja R, Bryson BD, Edelson BT, Stallings CL. BHLHE40 Regulates Myeloid Cell Polarization through IL-10-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1766-1781. [PMID: 38683120 PMCID: PMC11105981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Better understanding of the host responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections is required to prevent tuberculosis and develop new therapeutic interventions. The host transcription factor BHLHE40 is essential for controlling M. tuberculosis infection, in part by repressing Il10 expression, where excess IL-10 contributes to the early susceptibility of Bhlhe40-/- mice to M. tuberculosis infection. Deletion of Bhlhe40 in lung macrophages and dendritic cells is sufficient to increase the susceptibility of mice to M. tuberculosis infection, but how BHLHE40 impacts macrophage and dendritic cell responses to M. tuberculosis is unknown. In this study, we report that BHLHE40 is required in myeloid cells exposed to GM-CSF, an abundant cytokine in the lung, to promote the expression of genes associated with a proinflammatory state and better control of M. tuberculosis infection. Loss of Bhlhe40 expression in murine bone marrow-derived myeloid cells cultured in the presence of GM-CSF results in lower levels of proinflammatory associated signaling molecules IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, inducible NO synthase, IL-2, KC, and RANTES, as well as higher levels of the anti-inflammatory-associated molecules MCP-1 and IL-10 following exposure to heat-killed M. tuberculosis. Deletion of Il10 in Bhlhe40-/- myeloid cells restored some, but not all, proinflammatory signals, demonstrating that BHLHE40 promotes proinflammatory responses via both IL-10-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In addition, we show that macrophages and neutrophils within the lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected Bhlhe40-/- mice exhibit defects in inducible NO synthase production compared with infected wild-type mice, supporting that BHLHE40 promotes proinflammatory responses in innate immune cells, which may contribute to the essential role for BHLHE40 during M. tuberculosis infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler V. Hendrix
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yassin Mreyoud
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael E. McNehlan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Asya Smirnov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sthefany M. Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian Hie
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Megan M. Chamberland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tara R. Bradstreet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ashlee M. Webber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Darren Kreamalmeyer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bryan D. Bryson
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian T. Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christina L. Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Yang T, Zhao G, Zhu W, Yu W, Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Li Y. Effect on the splenocyte function of weaned piglets induced by continuous lipopolysaccharide injections. J Vet Res 2024; 68:295-302. [PMID: 38947147 PMCID: PMC11210365 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction When piglets are exposed to pathogens for a long period, the immune system organs, among them the spleen, play a major role in combating the stress caused by those pathogens. In the present study, the effect on splenocyte function was investigated in a model of weaned piglets in which stress was induced by multiple low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Material and Methods Forty-eight 28-day-old piglets were divided into two groups: the LPS group and the control group. During the experimental period of thirteen days, the LPS group was intraperitoneally injected with LPS (100 μg/kg) once per day, and the control group was injected with the same volume of 0.9% sterile saline. On the 1st, 5th, 9th and 13th days, the piglets' spleens were collected for isolating splenocytes. The proliferation ability of splenocytes was evaluated by the cell-counting-kit 8 method. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle stage and apoptosis, and the nitric oxide level of cell supernatant was also tested. Results In the experimental group, the proliferation ability of splenocytes was enhanced, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase was smaller, and cells were promoted to the S and G2/M phases. Meanwhile, apoptosis was suppressed and nitric oxide release upregulated. The results were significantly different between the LPS group and the control group on the 5th and 9th days. Conclusion The difference between the results of one group and those of the other suggest that after the 5th LPS injection, multiple low doses of LPS activated splenocytes and restored the number of splenocytes, which maintained and possibly enhanced the regulation of the immune function of the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guotong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenlu Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wanting Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yijie Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
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Ericson J, McGuire MK, Svärd A, Hårdstedt M. Total Nitrite and Nitrate Concentration in Human Milk and Saliva during the First 60 Days Postpartum-A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1195. [PMID: 38927402 PMCID: PMC11200659 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) in human milk may have important functions in lactation and infant health. This longitudinal pilot cohort study investigated the total nitrite and nitrate (NOx) concentration in human milk and maternal saliva during the first 60 days postpartum. Additionally, we explored the association between selected breastfeeding variables and milk and saliva NOx concentration. Human milk and maternal saliva samples were collected on days 2, 5, 14, 30, and 60 postpartum and analyzed for NOx concentration. Breastfeeding data were collected through self-assessed questions. Data analyses were performed using mixed models. The concentration of NOx in milk was significantly higher during the first 30 days compared to day 60, and there was a positive association between milk and saliva NOx concentrations throughout the entire study period. In absolute numbers, partially breastfeeding mothers had a lower concentration of NOx in milk on day 2 compared to exclusively breastfeeding mothers (8 vs. 15.1 μM, respectively). Partially breastfeeding mothers reported a later start of secretory activation and fewer mothers in this group started breastfeeding within the first hour after birth. Due to the small numbers, these differences could not be statistically evaluated. Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of NO in lactation success and breastfeeding outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ericson
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, 753 10 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (M.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Falu Hospital, 791 82 Falun, Sweden
| | - Michelle K. McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Anna Svärd
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, 753 10 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Maria Hårdstedt
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, 753 10 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (M.H.)
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Legroux TM, Schymik HS, Gasparoni G, Mohammadi S, Walter J, Libert C, Diesel B, Hoppstädter J, Kiemer AK. Immunomodulation by glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper in macrophages: enhanced phagocytosis, protection from pyroptosis, and altered mitochondrial function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1396827. [PMID: 38855102 PMCID: PMC11157436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, which have long served as fundamental therapeutics for diverse inflammatory conditions, are still widely used, despite associated side effects limiting their long-term use. Among their key mediators is glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), recognized for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Here, we explore the immunomodulatory effects of GILZ in macrophages through transcriptomic analysis and functional assays. Bulk RNA sequencing of GILZ knockout and GILZ-overexpressing macrophages revealed significant alterations in gene expression profiles, particularly impacting pathways associated with the inflammatory response, phagocytosis, cell death, mitochondrial function, and extracellular structure organization activity. GILZ-overexpression enhances phagocytic and antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, potentially mediated by increased nitric oxide production. In addition, GILZ protects macrophages from pyroptotic cell death, as indicated by a reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in GILZ transgenic macrophages. In contrast, GILZ KO macrophages produced more ROS, suggesting a regulatory role of GILZ in ROS-dependent pathways. Additionally, GILZ overexpression leads to decreased mitochondrial respiration and heightened matrix metalloproteinase activity, suggesting its involvement in tissue remodeling processes. These findings underscore the multifaceted role of GILZ in modulating macrophage functions and its potential as a therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders, offering insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at optimizing the benefits of glucocorticoid therapy while minimizing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry M. Legroux
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hanna S. Schymik
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claude Libert
- Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Britta Diesel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoppstädter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexandra K. Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Fang Y, Li Z, Yang L, Li W, Wang Y, Kong Z, Miao J, Chen Y, Bian Y, Zeng L. Emerging roles of lactate in acute and chronic inflammation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:276. [PMID: 38755659 PMCID: PMC11097486 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, lactate has been considered a 'waste product' of cellular metabolism. Recent findings have shown that lactate is a substance that plays an indispensable role in various physiological cellular functions and contributes to energy metabolism and signal transduction during immune and inflammatory responses. The discovery of lactylation further revealed the role of lactate in regulating inflammatory processes. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the paradoxical characteristics of lactate metabolism in the inflammatory microenvironment and highlight the pivotal roles of lactate homeostasis, the lactate shuttle, and lactylation ('lactate clock') in acute and chronic inflammatory responses from a molecular perspective. We especially focused on lactate and lactate receptors with either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on complex molecular biological signalling pathways and investigated the dynamic changes in inflammatory immune cells in the lactate-related inflammatory microenvironment. Moreover, we reviewed progress on the use of lactate as a therapeutic target for regulating the inflammatory response, which may provide a new perspective for treating inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Fang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- College of Health Economics Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, ·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, ·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ziyang Kong
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, ·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Miao
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanqi Chen
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaoyao Bian
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, ·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- TCM Rehabilitation Center, Jiangsu Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Li Zeng
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
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45
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Trigo CM, Rodrigues JS, Camões SP, Solá S, Miranda JP. Mesenchymal stem cell secretome for regenerative medicine: Where do we stand? J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00181-4. [PMID: 38729561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have yielded beneficial effects in a broad range of preclinical models and clinical trials for human diseases. In the context of MSC transplantation, it is widely recognized that the main mechanism for the regenerative potential of MSCs is not their differentiation, with in vivo data revealing transient and low engraftment rates. Instead, MSCs therapeutic effects are mainly attributed to its secretome, i.e., paracrine factors secreted by these cells, further offering a more attractive and innovative approach due to the effectiveness and safety of a cell-free product. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we will discuss the potential benefits of MSC-derived secretome in regenerative medicine with particular focus on respiratory, hepatic, and neurological diseases. Both free and vesicular factors of MSC secretome will be detailed. We will also address novel potential strategies capable of improving their healing potential, namely by delivering important regenerative molecules according to specific diseases and tissue needs, as well as non-clinical and clinical studies that allow us to dissect their mechanisms of action. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW MSC-derived secretome includes both soluble and non-soluble factors, organized in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Importantly, besides depending on the cell origin, the characteristics and therapeutic potential of MSC secretome is deeply influenced by external stimuli, highlighting the possibility of optimizing their characteristics through preconditioning approaches. Nevertheless, the clarity around their mechanisms of action remains ambiguous, whereas the need for standardized procedures for the successful translation of those products to the clinics urges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M Trigo
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana S Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio P Camões
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Solá
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana P Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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46
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Priya S, Berchmans S. Ferrocene probe-assisted fluorescence quenching of PEI-carbon dots for NO detection and the logic gates based sensing of NO enabled by trimodal detection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10402. [PMID: 38710731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Our research demonstrates the effectiveness of fluorescence quenching between polyethyleneimine functionalised carbon dots (PEI-CDs) and cyclodextrin encapsulated ferrocene for fluorogenic detection of nitric oxide (NO). We confirmed that ferrocene can be used as a NO probe by observing its ability to quench the fluorescence emitted from PEI-CDs, with NO concentrations ranging from 1 × 10-6 M to 5 × 10-4 M. The photoluminescence intensity (PL) of PEI-CDs decreased linearly, with a detection limit of 500 nM. Previous studies have shown that ferrocene is a selective probe for NO detection in biological systems by electrochemical and colorimetric methods. The addition of fluorogenic NO detection using ferrocene as a probe enables the development of a three-way sensor probe for NO. Furthermore, the triple mode NO detection (electrochemical, colorimetric, and fluorogenic) with ferrocene aids in processing sensing data in a controlled manner similar to Boolean logic operations. This work presents key findings on the mechanism of fluorescence quenching between ferrocene hyponitrite intermediate and PEI-CDs, the potential of using ferrocene for triple channel NO detection as a single molecular entity, and the application of logic gates for NO sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Priya
- NSS College, Nemmara, Palakkad, India.
| | - Sheela Berchmans
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, 630006, India
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47
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Garcia EM, Lenz JD, Schaub RE, Hackett KT, Salgado-Pabón W, Dillard JP. IL-17C is a driver of damaging inflammation during Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection of human Fallopian tube. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3756. [PMID: 38704381 PMCID: PMC11069574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae ascends into the upper female reproductive tract to cause damaging inflammation within the Fallopian tubes and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), increasing the risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy. The loss of ciliated cells from the epithelium is thought to be both a consequence of inflammation and a cause of adverse sequelae. However, the links between infection, inflammation, and ciliated cell extrusion remain unresolved. With the use of ex vivo cultures of human Fallopian tube paired with RNA sequencing we defined the tissue response to gonococcal challenge, identifying cytokine, chemokine, cell adhesion, and apoptosis related transcripts not previously recognized as potentiators of gonococcal PID. Unexpectedly, IL-17C was one of the most highly induced genes. Yet, this cytokine has no previous association with gonococcal infection nor pelvic inflammatory disease and thus it was selected for further characterization. We show that human Fallopian tubes express the IL-17C receptor on the epithelial surface and that treatment with purified IL-17C induces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in addition to sloughing of the epithelium and generalized tissue damage. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized but critical role of IL-17C in the damaging inflammation induced by gonococci in a human explant model of PID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Garcia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan D Lenz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan E Schaub
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kathleen T Hackett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wilmara Salgado-Pabón
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joseph P Dillard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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48
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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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49
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Wen Y, Wu X, Wu W, Feng T, Pan Y, He Y, Ji L, Chao H. A Mitochondria-Targeted Nitric Oxide Probe for Multimodality Imaging of Macrophage Immune Responses. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6666-6673. [PMID: 38623755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signal molecule closely linked to the biological immune response, especially in macrophage polarization. When activated, macrophages enter a pro-inflammatory state and produce NO, a marker for the M1 phenotype. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype does not produce NO. We developed a mitochondria-targeted two-photon iridium-based complex (Ir-ImNO) probe that can detect endogenous NO and monitor macrophages' different immune response states using various imaging techniques, such as one- and two-photon phosphorescence imaging and phosphorescence lifetime imaging. Ir-ImNO was used to monitor the immune activation of macrophages in mice. This technology aims to provide a clear and comprehensive visualization of macrophage immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xianbo Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yulong He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 400201, P. R. China
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50
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Yang Q, Li J, Zhang L, Zhao N, Sun X, Wang Z. Type I Cystatin Derived from Cysticercus pisiformis-Stefins, Suppresses LPS-Mediated Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Cells. Microorganisms 2024; 12:850. [PMID: 38792680 PMCID: PMC11123757 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysticercus pisiformis is a kind of tapeworm larvae of Taenia pisiformis, which parasitizes the liver envelope, omentum, mesentery, and rectum of rodents such as rabbits. Cysteine protease inhibitors derived from helminth were immunoregulatory molecules of intermediate hosts and had an immunomodulatory function that regulates the production of inflammatory factors. Thus, in the present research, the recombinant Stefin of C. pisiformis was confirmed to have the potential to fight inflammation in LPS-Mediated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. CCK8 test showed that rCpStefin below 50 μg/mL concentration did not affect cellular viability. Moreover, the NO production level determined by the Griess test was decreased. In addition, the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α as measured by ELISA were decreased. Furthermore, it exerted anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and proinflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 at the gene transcription level, as measured by qRT-PCR. Therefore, Type I cystatin derived from C. pisiformis suppresses the LPS-Mediated inflammatory response of the intermediate host and is a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaolin Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (N.Z.)
| | - Zexiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (N.Z.)
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