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Hung JH, Zhang SM, Huang SL. Nitrate promotes the growth and the production of short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan from commensal anaerobe Veillonella dispar in the lactate-deficient environment by facilitating the catabolism of glutamate and aspartate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0114824. [PMID: 39082806 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01148-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Veillonella spp. are nitrate-reducing bacteria with anaerobic respiratory activity that reduce nitrate to nitrite. They are obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative cocci that ferment lactate as the main carbon source and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Commensal Veillonella reside in the human body site where lactate level is, however, limited for Veillonella growth. In this study, nitrate was shown to promote the anaerobic growth of Veillonella in the lactate-deficient media. We aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and the metabolism involved in nitrate respiration. Nitrate (15 mM) was demonstrated to promote Veillonella dispar growth and viability in the tryptone-yeast extract medium containing 0.5 mM L-lactate. Metabolite and transcriptomic analyses revealed nitrate enabled V. dispar to actively utilize glutamate and aspartate from the medium and secrete tryptophan. Glutamate or aspartate was further supplemented to a medium to investigate individual catabolism during nitrate respiration. Notably, nitrate was demonstrated to elevate SCFA production in the glutamate-supplemented medium, and further increase tryptophan production in the aspartate-supplemented medium. We proposed that the increased consumption of glutamate provided reducing power for nitrate respiration and aspartate served as a substrate for fumarate formation. Both glutamate and aspartate were incorporated into the central metabolic pathways via reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle and were linked with the increased production of acetate, propionate, and tryptophan. This study provides further understanding of the promoted growth and metabolic mechanisms by commensal V. dispar utilizing nitrate and specific amino acids to adapt to the lactate-deficient environment.IMPORTANCENitrate is a pivotal ecological factor influencing microbial community and metabolism. Dietary nitrate provides health benefits including anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects via microbial-derived metabolites such as nitrite. Unraveling the impacts of nitrate on the growth and metabolism of human commensal bacteria is imperative to comprehend the intricate roles of nitrate in regulating microbial metabolism, community, and human health. Veillonella are lactate-utilizing, nitrate-reducing bacteria that are frequently found in the human body site where lactate levels are low and nitrate is at millimolar levels. Here, we comprehensively described the metabolic strategies employed by V. dispar to thrive in the lactate-deficient environment using nitrate respiration and catabolism of specific amino acids. The elevated production of SCFAs and tryptophan from amino acids during nitrate respiration of V. dispar further suggested the potential roles of nitrate and Veillonella in the promotion of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-He Hung
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yangming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Min Zhang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yangming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shir-Ly Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yangming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Cabello MC, Chen G, Melville MJ, Osman R, Kumar GD, Domaille DW, Lippert AR. Ex Tenebris Lux: Illuminating Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species with Small Molecule Probes. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39137397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are small reactive molecules derived from elements in the air─oxygen and nitrogen. They are produced in biological systems to mediate fundamental aspects of cellular signaling but must be very tightly balanced to prevent indiscriminate damage to biological molecules. Small molecule probes can transmute the specific nature of each reactive oxygen and nitrogen species into an observable luminescent signal (or even an acoustic wave) to offer sensitive and selective imaging in living cells and whole animals. This review focuses specifically on small molecule probes for superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite that provide a luminescent or photoacoustic signal. Important background information on general photophysical phenomena, common probe designs, mechanisms, and imaging modalities will be provided, and then, probes for each analyte will be thoroughly evaluated. A discussion of the successes of the field will be presented, followed by recommendations for improvement and a future outlook of emerging trends. Our objectives are to provide an informative, useful, and thorough field guide to small molecule probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as important context to compare the ecosystem of chemistries and molecular scaffolds that has manifested within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidileyvis C Cabello
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Michael J Melville
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rokia Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - G Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dylan W Domaille
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander R Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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3
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Mondal A, Paul S, De P. Recent Advancements in Polymeric N-Nitrosamine-Based Nitric Oxide (NO) Donors and their Therapeutic Applications. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 39116284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a gasotransmitter, is known for its wide range of effects in vasodilation, cardiac relaxation, and angiogenesis. This diatomic free radical also plays a pivotal role in reducing the risk of platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Furthermore, NO demonstrates promising potential in cancer therapy as well as in antibacterial and antibiofilm activities at higher concentrations. To leverage their biomedical activities, numerous NO donors have been developed. Among these, N-nitrosamines are emerging as a notable class, capable of releasing NO under suitable photoirradiation and finding a broad range of therapeutic applications. This review discusses the design, synthesis, and biological applications of polymeric N-nitrosamines, highlighting their advantages over small molecular NO donors in terms of stability, NO payload, and target-specific delivery. Additionally, various small-molecule N-nitrosamines are explored to provide a comprehensive overview of this burgeoning field. We anticipate that this review will aid in developing next-generation polymeric N-nitrosamines with improved physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Mondal
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Soumya Paul
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
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4
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Maccallini C, Budriesi R, De Filippis B, Amoroso R. Advancements in the Research of New Modulators of Nitric Oxide Synthases Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8486. [PMID: 39126054 PMCID: PMC11313090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been defined as the "miracle molecule" due to its essential pleiotropic role in living systems. Besides its implications in physiologic functions, it is also involved in the development of several disease states, and understanding this ambivalence is crucial for medicinal chemists to develop therapeutic strategies that regulate NO production without compromising its beneficial functions in cell physiology. Although nitric oxide synthase (NOS), i.e., the enzyme deputed to the NO biosynthesis, is a well-recognized druggable target to regulate NO bioavailability, some issues have emerged during the past decades, limiting the progress of NOS modulators in clinical trials. In the present review, we discuss the most promising advancements in the research of small molecules that are able to regulate NOS activity with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles, providing an updated framework of this research field that could be useful for the design and development of new NOS modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maccallini
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (B.D.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (B.D.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (B.D.F.); (R.A.)
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5
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Zhou W, Zheng X, Wang X, Tian Y, Wen Y, Tu Y, Lei J, Cheng H, Yu J. Bioassay-guided isolation of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory components from Atractylodes lancea. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 227:114232. [PMID: 39097216 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
A bioassay-guided isolation from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. obtained 22 compounds, including eight previously undescribed sesquiterpenoids and polyacetylenes (1, 3 and 12-17), as well as fourteen known analogues, and their structures were confirmed by extensive spectroscopic methods. This study evaluated their antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for the first time, as well as anti-inflammatory activity. Most of them, including new compounds, showed varying degrees of antibacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA. Notably, compound 21 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against four different bacteria (MIC 6.25-20.00 μg/mL). This suggested that 21 may have the potential to be developed into a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Moreover, except for 9 and 11, most compounds exhibited great anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 1.92-37.91 μM), and iNOS might be a potential target of these compounds according to the molecular docking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xilei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yinghan Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yijun Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiachuan Lei
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jianqing Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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6
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Pan Y, Liu C, Jiang S, Guan L, Liu X, Wen L. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of a low molecular weight polysaccharide from Nostoc commune Vaucher and its structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 108:106961. [PMID: 38936294 PMCID: PMC11260389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a novel crude polysaccharide (cNCEP) was extracted from N. commune Vaucher utilizing ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with 60 % ethanol, employing response surface methodology. The optimal yield of cNCEP was determined to be 8.07 ± 0.08 mg/g, achieved through ultrasonic-assisted extraction under the conditions of a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:22, temperature of 56 °C, power of 570 W, and duration of 147 min. Subsequent purification of NCEP via Sephadex G75 resulted in a novel polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 20.466 kDa. NCEP exhibited significant scavenging activites against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, as well as notable in vitro immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of NCEP, involving enhancement of immunity, were investigated, revealing potential regulation of MAPK and TLR4-IRF7-NF-κB signaling pathways through RNA-Seq and Western blot analyses. These findings highlight the promising potential of NCEP as an organic immunomodulatory agent and functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; Jilin Province Economic Management Cadre College,Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- Jilin Province Economic Management Cadre College,Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Shuo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Lili Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| | - Liankui Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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7
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Ghaffari-Bohlouli P, Jafari H, Okoro OV, Alimoradi H, Nie L, Jiang G, Kakkar A, Shavandi A. Gas Therapy: Generating, Delivery, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301349. [PMID: 38193272 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and hydrogen (H2) with direct effects, and carbon dioxide (CO2) with complementary effects on the condition of various diseases are known as therapeutic gases. The targeted delivery and in situ generation of these therapeutic gases with controllable release at the site of disease has attracted attention to avoid the risk of gas poisoning and improve their performance in treating various diseases such as cancer therapy, cardiovascular therapy, bone tissue engineering, and wound healing. Stimuli-responsive gas-generating sources and delivery systems based on biomaterials that enable on-demand and controllable release are promising approaches for precise gas therapy. This work highlights current advances in the design and development of new approaches and systems to generate and deliver therapeutic gases at the site of disease with on-demand release behavior. The performance of the delivered gases in various biomedical applications is then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Ghaffari-Bohlouli
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hafez Jafari
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Houman Alimoradi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Lei Nie
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Guohua Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Amin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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8
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Franco GA, Molinari F, Marino Y, Tranchida N, Inferrera F, Fusco R, Di Paola R, Crupi R, Cuzzocrea S, Gugliandolo E, Britti D. Enviromental endocrine disruptor risks in the central nervous system: Neurotoxic effects of PFOS and glyphosate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104496. [PMID: 38959819 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) pose significant risks to human and environmental health, with potential implications for neurotoxicity. This study investigates the synergistic neurotoxic effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and glyphosate (GLY), two ubiquitous EDs, using SHSY5Y neuronal and C6 astrocytic cell lines. While individual exposures to PFOS and glyphosate at non-toxic concentrations did not induce significant changes, their combination resulted in a marked increase in oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory responses. Specifically, the co-exposure led to elevated levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma, along with reduced interleukin-10 expression, indicative of heightened neuroinflammatory processes. These findings underscore the importance of considering the synergistic interactions of EDs in assessing neurotoxic risks and highlight the urgent need for further research to mitigate the adverse effects of these compounds on neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Ylenia Marino
- Department CHIBIOFARAM, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Nicla Tranchida
- Department CHIBIOFARAM, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Fusco
- Department CHIBIOFARAM, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department CHIBIOFARAM, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus Universitario "Salvatore Venuta" Viale Europa, 4 "Magna Græcia University" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
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9
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Wolak T, Dicker D, Shifer Y, Grossman A, Rokach A, Shitrit M, Tal A. A safety evaluation of intermittent high-dose inhaled nitric oxide in viral pneumonia due to COVID-19: a randomised clinical study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17201. [PMID: 39060420 PMCID: PMC11282178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-dose inhaled Nitric Oxide (iNO) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, vasodilator, and antimicrobial properties, resulting in improved arterial oxygenation as well as a beneficial therapeutic effect on lower respiratory tract infections. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of 150-ppm intermittent iNO administered with a novel iNO-generator, for treating adults hospitalised for viral pneumonia. In this prospective, open-label, multicenter study, subjects aged 18-80, diagnosed with viral pneumonia received either standard supportive treatment alone (Control-Group) or combined with iNO for 40 min, 4 times per day up to 7 days (Treatment-Group). Out of 40 recruited subjects, 35 were included in the intention-to-treat population (34 with COVID-19). Adverse Events rate was similar between the groups (56.3% vs. 42.1%; respectively). No treatment-related adverse events were reported, while 2 serious adverse events were accounted for by underlying pre-existing conditions. Among the Treatment-Group, oxygen support duration was reduced by 2.7 days (Hazard Ratio = 2.8; p = 0.0339), a greater number of subjects reached oxygen saturation ≥ 93% within hospitalisation period (Hazard Ratio = 5.4; p = 0.049), and a trend for earlier discharge was demonstrated. Intermittent 150-ppm iNO-treatment is well-tolerated, safe, and beneficial compared to usual care for spontaneously breathing hospitalised adults diagnosed with COVID-19 viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Wolak
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Bait Shmuel St, P.O. Box 3235, 9103102, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - D Dicker
- Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Shifer
- Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - A Grossman
- Internal Medicine B, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - A Rokach
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Pulmonary Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Shitrit
- Respiratory Therapy Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Tal
- Beyond Air, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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10
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Parisi C, Laneri F, Fraix A, Sortino S. Multifunctional Molecular Hybrids Photoreleasing Nitric Oxide: Advantages, Pitfalls, and Opportunities. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39009572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The multifaceted role nitric oxide (NO) plays in human physiology and pathophysiology has opened new scenarios in biomedicine by exploiting this free radical as an unconventional therapeutic against important diseases. The difficulties in handling gaseous NO and the strict dependence of the biological effects on its doses and location have made the light-activated NO precursors, namely NO photodonors (NOPDs), very appealing by virtue of their precise spatiotemporal control of NO delivery. The covalent integration of NOPDs and additional functional components within the same molecular skeleton through suitable linkers can lead to an intriguing class of multifunctional photoactivatable molecular hybrids. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the recent advances in these molecular constructs, emphasizing those merging NO photorelease with targeting, fluorescent reporting, and phototherapeutic functionalities. We will highlight the rational design behind synthesizing these molecular hybrids and critically describe the advantages, drawbacks, and opportunities they offer in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Parisi
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Laneri
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Aurore Fraix
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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11
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Famta P, Shah S, Vambhurkar G, Pandey G, Bagasariya D, Kumar KC, Prasad SB, Shinde A, Wagh S, Srinivasarao DA, Kumar R, Khatri DK, Asthana A, Srivastava S. Amelioration of breast cancer therapies through normalization of tumor vessels and microenvironment: paradigm shift to improve drug perfusion and nanocarrier permeation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01669-9. [PMID: 39009931 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Chemo-, immune- and photothermal therapies are employed to manage BC. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) prevents free drugs and nanocarriers (NCs) from entering the tumor premises. Formulation scientists rely on enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) to extravasate NCs in the TME. However, recent research has demonstrated the inconsistent nature of EPR among different patients and tumor types. In addition, angiogenesis, high intra-tumor fluid pressure, desmoplasia, and high cell and extracellular matrix density resist the accumulation of NCs in the TME. In this review, we discuss TME normalization as an approach to improve the penetration of drugs and NCSs in the tumor premises. Strategies such as normalization of tumor vessels, reversal of hypoxia, alleviation of high intra-tumor pressure, and infiltration of lymphocytes for the reversal of therapy failure have been discussed in this manuscript. Strategies to promote the infiltration of anticancer immune cells in the TME after vascular normalization have been discussed. Studies strategizing time points to administer TME-normalizing agents are highlighted. Mechanistic pathways controlling the angiogenesis and normalization processes are discussed along with the studies. This review will provide greater tumor-targeting insights to the formulation scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Famta
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Giriraj Pandey
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Deepkumar Bagasariya
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Kondasingh Charan Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Sajja Bhanu Prasad
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Akshay Shinde
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Suraj Wagh
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nims Institute of Pharmacy, Nims University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Asthana
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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Meng T, He D, Han Z, Shi R, Wang Y, Ren B, Zhang C, Mao Z, Luo G, Deng J. Nanomaterial-Based Repurposing of Macrophage Metabolism and Its Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:246. [PMID: 39007981 PMCID: PMC11250772 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage immunotherapy represents an emerging therapeutic approach aimed at modulating the immune response to alleviate disease symptoms. Nanomaterials (NMs) have been engineered to monitor macrophage metabolism, enabling the evaluation of disease progression and the replication of intricate physiological signal patterns. They achieve this either directly or by delivering regulatory signals, thereby mapping phenotype to effector functions through metabolic repurposing to customize macrophage fate for therapy. However, a comprehensive summary regarding NM-mediated macrophage visualization and coordinated metabolic rewiring to maintain phenotypic equilibrium is currently lacking. This review aims to address this gap by outlining recent advancements in NM-based metabolic immunotherapy. We initially explore the relationship between metabolism, polarization, and disease, before delving into recent NM innovations that visualize macrophage activity to elucidate disease onset and fine-tune its fate through metabolic remodeling for macrophage-centered immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of NM-mediated metabolic immunotherapy, aiming to accelerate clinical translation. We anticipate that this review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to leverage novel metabolic intervention-matched immunomodulators in macrophages or other fields of immune engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Meng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuolei Han
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Shi
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bibo Ren
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Hu G, Xu HD, Fang J. Sulfur-based fluorescent probes for biological analysis: A review. Talanta 2024; 279:126515. [PMID: 39024854 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of small-molecule fluorescence detection methodologies in scientific research and industrial contexts can be ascribed to their inherent merits, including elevated sensitivity, exceptional selectivity, real-time detection capabilities, and non-destructive characteristics. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on small-molecule fluorescent probes engineered with sulfur elements, aiming to detect a diverse array of biologically active species. This review presents a comprehensive survey of sulfur-based fluorescent probes published from 2017 to 2023. The diverse repertoire of recognition sites, including but not limited to N, N-dimethylthiocarbamyl, disulfides, thioether, sulfonyls and sulfoxides, thiourea, thioester, thioacetal and thioketal, sulfhydryl, phenothiazine, thioamide, and others, inherent in these sulfur-based probes markedly amplifies their capacity for detecting a broad spectrum of analytes, such as metal ions, reactive oxygen species, reactive sulfur species, reactive nitrogen species, proteins, and beyond. Owing to the individual disparities in the molecular structures of the probes, analogous recognition units may be employed to discern diverse substrates. Subsequent to this classification, the review provides a concise summary and introduction to the design and biological applications of these probe molecules. Lastly, drawing upon a synthesis of published works, the review engages in a discussion regarding the merits and drawbacks of these fluorescent probes, offering guidance for future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China.
| | - Hua-Dong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China.
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14
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Amoakon JP, Mylavarapu G, Amin RS, Naren AP. Pulmonary Vascular Dysfunctions in Cystic Fibrosis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38501963 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a deleterious mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Given that the CFTR protein is a chloride channel expressed on a variety of cells throughout the human body, mutations in this gene impact several organs, particularly the lungs. For this very reason, research regarding CF disease and CFTR function has historically focused on the lung airway epithelium. Nevertheless, it was discovered more than two decades ago that CFTR is also expressed and functional on endothelial cells. Despite the great strides that have been made in understanding the role of CFTR in the airway epithelium, the role of CFTR in the endothelium remains unclear. Considering that the airway epithelium and endothelium work in tandem to allow gas exchange, it becomes very crucial to understand how a defective CFTR protein can impact the pulmonary vasculature and overall lung function. Fortunately, more recent research has been dedicated to elucidating the role of CFTR in the endothelium. As a result, several vascular dysfunctions associated with CF disease have come to light. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on pulmonary vascular dysfunctions in CF and discuss applicable therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Amoakon
- Department of Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Goutham Mylavarapu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Raouf S Amin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Department of Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
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Ten Brink T, Damanik F, Rotmans JI, Moroni L. Unraveling and Harnessing the Immune Response at the Cell-Biomaterial Interface for Tissue Engineering Purposes. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301939. [PMID: 38217464 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials are defined as "engineered materials" and include a range of natural and synthetic products, designed for their introduction into and interaction with living tissues. Biomaterials are considered prominent tools in regenerative medicine that support the restoration of tissue defects and retain physiologic functionality. Although commonly used in the medical field, these constructs are inherently foreign toward the host and induce an immune response at the material-tissue interface, defined as the foreign body response (FBR). A strong connection between the foreign body response and tissue regeneration is suggested, in which an appropriate amount of immune response and macrophage polarization is necessary to trigger autologous tissue formation. Recent developments in this field have led to the characterization of immunomodulatory traits that optimizes bioactivity, the integration of biomaterials and determines the fate of tissue regeneration. This review addresses a variety of aspects that are involved in steering the inflammatory response, including immune cell interactions, physical characteristics, biochemical cues, and metabolomics. Harnessing the advancing knowledge of the FBR allows for the optimization of biomaterial-based implants, aiming to prevent damage of the implant, improve natural regeneration, and provide the tools for an efficient and successful in vivo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ten Brink
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Febriyani Damanik
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I Rotmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
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Sinha S, Dhankani P, Nahiyera M, Singh KB, Singh D, Mugale MN, Sharma S, Kumaravelu J, Dikshit M, Kumar S. iNOS regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via mitochondrial signaling and is critical for bone marrow regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 219:184-194. [PMID: 38636716 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) replenish blood cells under steady state and on demand, that exhibit therapeutic potential for Bone marrow failures and leukemia. Redox signaling plays key role in immune cells and hematopoiesis. However, the role of reactive nitrogen species in hematopoiesis remains unclear and requires further investigation. We investigated the significance of inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (iNOS/NO) signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and hematopoiesis under steady-state and stress conditions. HSCs contain low levels of NO and iNOS under normal conditions, but these increase upon bone marrow stress. iNOS-deficient mice showed subtle changes in peripheral blood cells but significant alterations in HSPCs, including increased HSCs and multipotent progenitors. Surprisingly, iNOS-deficient mice displayed heightened susceptibility and delayed recovery of blood progeny following 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) induced hematopoietic stress. Loss of quiescence and increased mitochondrial stress, indicated by elevated MitoSOX and MMPhi HSCs, were observed in iNOS-deficient mice. Furthermore, pharmacological approaches to mitigate mitochondrial stress rescued 5-FU-induced HSC death. Conversely, iNOS-NO signaling was required for demand-driven mitochondrial activity and proliferation during hematopoietic recovery, as iNOS-deficient mice and NO signaling inhibitors exhibit reduced mitochondrial activity. In conclusion, our study challenges the conventional view of iNOS-derived NO as a cytotoxic molecule and highlights its intriguing role in HSPCs. Together, our findings provide insights into the crucial role of the iNOS-NO-mitochondrial axis in regulating HSPCs and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sinha
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Dhankani
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Milind Nahiyera
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Krishna Bhan Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Jagavelu Kumaravelu
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India.
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Tan X, Cui J, Liu N, Wang X, Li H, Liu Y, Zhang W, Ma W, Lu D, Fan Y. Study on the immune-enhancing and inhabiting transmissible gastroenteritis virus effects of polysaccharides from Cimicifuga rhizoma. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106719. [PMID: 38810768 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cimicifugae rhizoma is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine in China, and modern pharmacological research showed that it has obvious antiviral activity. Many polysaccharides have been proved to have immune enhancement and antiviral activity, but there are few studies on the biological activity of Cimicifuga rhizoma polysaccharide (CRP). The aim was to explore the character of CRP and its effects on improving immune activity and inhibiting transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). The monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, fourier transform infrared spectra and electron microscopy analysis of CRP was measured. The effect of CRP on immune activity in lymphocytes and RAW264.7 cells were studied by colorimetry, FITC-OVA fluorescent staining and ELISA. The effect of CRP on TGEV-infected PK-15 cells was determined using Real-time PCR, Hoechst fluorescence staining, trypan blue staining, acridine orange staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI fluorescent staining, DCFH-DA loading probe, and JC-1 staining. Network pharmacology was used to predict the targets of CRP in enhancing immunity and anti-TGEV, and molecular docking was used to further analyze the binding mode between CPR and core targets. The results showed that CRP was mainly composed of glucose and galactose, and its molecular weight was 64.28 kDa. The content of iNOS and NO in CRP group were significantly higher than the control group. CRP (125 and 62.5 μg/mL) could significantly enhance the phagocytic capacity of RAW264.7 cells, and imprive the content of IL-1β content compared with control group. 250 μg/mL of CRP possessed the significant inhibitory effect on TGEV, which could significantly reduce the apoptosis compared to TGVE group and inhibit the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential compared to TGVE group. The mRNA expression of TGEV N gene in CRP groups was significantly lower than TGEV group. PPI showed that the core targets of immune-enhancing were AKT1, MMP9, HSP90AA1, etc., and the core targets of TGE were CASP3, MMP9, EGFR, etc. Molecular docking show that CRP has binding potential with target. These results indicated that CRP possessed the better immune enhancement effect and anti-TGEV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Jing Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Nishang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Xingchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Huicong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Wuren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China
| | - Dezhang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China.
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, PR China.
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18
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Rodrigo DCG, Udayantha HMV, Omeka WKM, Liyanage DS, Dilshan MAH, Hanchapola HACR, Kodagoda YK, Lee J, Lee S, Jeong T, Wan Q, Lee J. Molecular characterization, cytoprotective, DNA protective, and immunological assessment of peroxiredoxin-1 (Prdx1) from yellowtail clownfish (Amphiprion clarkii). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105175. [PMID: 38574831 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin-1 (Prdx1) is a thiol-specific antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulates the redox status of cells. In this study, the Prdx1 cDNA sequence was isolated from the pre-established Amphiprion clarkii (A. clarkii) (AcPrdx1) transcriptome database and characterized structurally and functionally. The AcPrdx1 coding sequence comprises 597 bp and encodes 198 amino acids with a molecular weight of 22.1 kDa and a predicted theoretical isoelectric point of 6.3. AcPrdx1 is localized and functionally available in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. The TXN domain of AcPrdx1 comprises two peroxiredoxin signature VCP motifs, which contain catalytic peroxidatic (Cp-C52) and resolving cysteine (CR-C173) residues. The constructed phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment revealed that AcPrdx1 is evolutionarily conserved, and its most closely related counterpart is Amphiprion ocellaris. Under normal physiological conditions, AcPrdx1 was ubiquitously detected in all tissues examined, with the most robust expression in the spleen. Furthermore, AcPrdx1 transcripts were significantly upregulated in the spleen, head kidney, and blood after immune stimulation by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Vibrio harveyi injection. Recombinant AcPrdx1 (rAcPrdx1) demonstrated antioxidant and DNA protective properties in a concentration-dependent manner, as evidenced by insulin disulfide reduction, peroxidase activity, and metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) assays, whereas cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)/AcPrdx1 showed significant cytoprotective function under oxidative and nitrosative stress. Overexpression of AcPrdx1 in fathead minnow (FHM) cells led to a lower viral copy number following viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection, along with upregulation of several antiviral genes. Collectively, this study provides insights into the function of AcPrdx1 in defense against oxidative stressors and its role in the immune response against pathogenic infections in A. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C G Rodrigo
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - H M V Udayantha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - M A H Dilshan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - H A C R Hanchapola
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Kodagoda
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Life Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Life Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Life Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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19
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McDonald A, Warden C, Tan J, Piell KM, Steinbach-Rankins JM, Janakiraman N, Scott DA, Cole MP, Gudhimella S. Synthesis and Characterization of a Sustained Nitric Oxide-Releasing Orthodontic Elastomeric Chain for Antimicrobial Action. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6982. [PMID: 39000090 PMCID: PMC11241501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The acidic byproducts of bacteria in plaque around orthodontic brackets contribute to white spot lesion (WSL) formation. Nitric oxide (NO) has antibacterial properties, hindering biofilm formation and inhibiting the growth of oral microbes. Materials that mimic NO release could prevent oral bacteria-related pathologies. This study aims to integrate S-nitroso-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a promising NO donor, into orthodontic elastomeric ligatures, apply an additional polymer coating, and evaluate the NO-release kinetics and antimicrobial activity against Streptococus mutans. SNAP was added to clear elastomeric chains (8 loops, 23 mm long) at three concentrations (50, 75, 100 mg/mL, and a control). Chains were then coated, via electrospinning, with additional polymer (Elastollan®) to aid in extending the NO release. NO flux was measured daily for 30 days. Samples with 75 mg/mL SNAP + Elastollan® were tested against S. mutans for inhibition of biofilm formation on and around the chain. SNAP was successfully integrated into ligatures at each concentration. Only the 75 mg/mL SNAP chains maintained their elasticity. After polymer coating, samples exhibited a significant burst of NO on the first day, exceeding the machine's reading capacity, which gradually decreased over 29 days. Ligatures also inhibited S. mutans growth and biofilm formation. Future research will assess their mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. This study presents a novel strategy to address white spot lesion (WSL) formation and bacterial-related pathologies by utilizing nitric oxide-releasing materials. Manufactured chains with antimicrobial properties provide a promising solution for orthodontic challenges, showing significant potential for academic-industrial collaboration and commercial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec McDonald
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Carly Warden
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jinlian Tan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jill M Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Marsha P Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sudha Gudhimella
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Yin Z, Sun X, Chai X, Zhou X, Wang Y, Liu M, Feng X. The Effects of Dietary Pterostilbene on the Immune Response, Antioxidant Function, and Jejunal Structure of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1851. [PMID: 38997964 PMCID: PMC11240711 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pterostilbene (PTE) supplementation in feed on Arbor Acres broilers in terms of serum biochemical parameters, immune and inflammatory responses, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphological structure. For a duration of 42 days, a total of 480 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four groups. Each group was assigned to receive either the basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg of PTE. Each treatment consisted of eight replicates, with 15 chicks per replicate. In comparison with the control group, three PTE treatments significantly increased the lymphocyte transformation rate in the spleen of broilers. The automated biochemical analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and RT-qPCR analysis kits found that 400 mg/kg of PTE significantly increased the serum levels of complement C3, IL-4, and iNOS; reduced the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and mRNA levels of the genes IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, NLRP3, and IFN-γ; significantly improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, GSH-Px, and T-SOD in the jejunum; and significantly reduced the MDA contents in the serum and jejunum of broilers. Nikon microscope observations and ImagePro Plus 6.0 measure results found that 400 mg/kg of PTE supplementation significantly reduced the relative length and weight of the jejunum and improved the jejunal villi structure, resulting in increased intestinal villi, deepened crypt, and an enhanced ratio of villi height to crypt depth (VH/CD). RT-qPCR and Western blot found that dietary PTE also resulted in increased mRNA levels of the genes Claudin-2, Occludin, ZO-1, and Sirt1, and decreased NF-κB protein levels in the jejunum. The results of this study demonstrated that dietary PTE improved the immune function and intestinal health of broilers by reducing inflammation and increasing the antioxidant capacity of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Xue Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Xuehong Chai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Yingjie Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300222, China;
| | - Mengru Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Xingjun Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Y.); (X.S.); (X.C.); (X.Z.); (M.L.)
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Grayton QE, Phan TT, Kussatz CC, Schoenfisch MH. Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Silica Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Nitric Oxide to Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3796-3809. [PMID: 38776418 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance and off-target toxicity are two of the greatest challenges to chemotherapeutic melanoma treatments. Nitric oxide (NO) represents an attractive alternative to conventional therapeutics due to its numerous anticancer properties and low probability of engendering resistance. As NO is highly reactive, macromolecular NO donors are needed for the controlled and targeted delivery of NO for therapeutic applications. Herein, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) were developed as a NO delivery system to facilitate controlled delivery to cancer cells through both passive and active targeting via the enhanced permeation and retention effect and directed binding of HA with CD44 receptors, respectively. The aminosilane modification, HA concentration, and HA molecular weight were systematically evaluated to facilitate the MSN coating and NO loading. The hydrodynamic diameter and dispersity of the nanoparticles increased after HA coating due to the hydrophilic nature of HA, with greater increases observed at higher HA molecular weight. Lower starting concentrations of HA and aminosilanes with longer alkyl chains favored more efficient HA coating. Faster NO-release kinetics and lower NO payloads were observed for the HA-coated MSNs relative to uncoated MSNs. However, the localized delivery of NO to cancer cells through the active targeting conferred by HA increased levels of oxidative stress and induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in melanoma cells. Cytotoxicity was also evaluated against human dermal fibroblasts, with the use of 6 kDa HA-coated MSNs resulting in the greatest therapeutic indices. Enhanced internalization of HA-coated nanoparticles into melanoma cells versus uncoated nanoparticles was visualized with confocal microscopy and quantified by fluorescence spectroscopy. In total, HA-coated MSNs represent a promising NO delivery system for potential use as a chemotherapeutic for skin melanomas.
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Chauhan S, Nusbaum RJ, Huante MB, Holloway AJ, Endsley MA, Gelman BB, Lisinicchia JG, Endsley JJ. Therapeutic Modulation of Arginase with nor-NOHA Alters Immune Responses in Experimental Mouse Models of Pulmonary Tuberculosis including in the Setting of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Co-Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:129. [PMID: 38922041 PMCID: PMC11209148 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9060129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
L-arginine metabolism is strongly linked with immunity to mycobacteria, primarily through the antimicrobial activity of nitric oxide (NO). The potential to modulate tuberculosis (TB) outcomes through interventions that target L-arginine pathways are limited by an incomplete understanding of mechanisms and inadequate in vivo modeling. These gaps in knowledge are compounded for HIV and Mtb co-infections, where activation of arginase-1 due to HIV infection may promote survival and replication of both Mtb and HIV. We utilized in vitro and in vivo systems to determine how arginase inhibition using Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (nor-NOHA) alters L-arginine pathway metabolism relative to immune responses and disease outcomes following Mtb infection. Treatment with nor-NOHA polarized murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) towards M1 phenotype, increased NO, and reduced Mtb in RAW macrophages. In Balb/c mice, nor-NOHA reduced pulmonary arginase and increased the antimicrobial metabolite spermine in association with a trend towards reduced Mtb CFU in lung. In humanized immune system (HIS) mice, HIV infection increased plasma arginase and heightened the pulmonary arginase response to Mtb. Treatment with nor-NOHA increased cytokine responses to Mtb and Mtb/HIV in lung tissue but did not significantly alter bacterial burden or viral load. Our results suggest that L-arginine pathway modulators may have potential as host-directed therapies to augment antibiotics in TB chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.C.); (R.J.N.); (M.B.H.); (A.J.H.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Rebecca J. Nusbaum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.C.); (R.J.N.); (M.B.H.); (A.J.H.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Matthew B. Huante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.C.); (R.J.N.); (M.B.H.); (A.J.H.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Alex J. Holloway
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.C.); (R.J.N.); (M.B.H.); (A.J.H.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Mark A. Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.C.); (R.J.N.); (M.B.H.); (A.J.H.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Benjamin B. Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (B.B.G.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Joshua G. Lisinicchia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (B.B.G.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Janice J. Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.C.); (R.J.N.); (M.B.H.); (A.J.H.); (M.A.E.)
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23
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Han M, Zhou Z, Zhu T, Yu C, Si Q, Zhu C, Gao T, Jiang Q. Metabolomics and microbiome co-analysis reveals altered innate immune responses in Charybdis japonica following Aeromonas hydrophila infection. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101240. [PMID: 38718732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to elucidate the innate immune response of Charybdis japonica following exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila. This study integrated metabolomics, 16S rRNA sequencing, and enzymatic activity data to dissect the immune mechanisms activated in response to infection. Infection with A. hydrophila resulted in an increased abundance of beneficial intestinal genera such as Photobacterium spp., Rhodobacter spp., Polaribacter spp., Psychrilyobacter spp., and Mesoflavibacter spp. These probiotics appear to suppress A. hydrophila colonization by competitively dominating the intestinal microbiota. Key metabolic pathways affected included fatty acid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism, highlighting their role in the crab's intestinal response. Enzymatic analysis revealed a decrease in activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, which are essential for energy homeostasis and ATP production necessary for stress responses. Additionally, reductions were observed in the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. Gene expression analysis showed downregulation in Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), with concurrent increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating severe oxidative stress. This study provides insights into the molecular strategies employed by marine crabs to counteract bacterial invasions in their natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Han
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Tian Zhu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Cigang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210424, China
| | - Qin Si
- Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210424, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Tianheng Gao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China; Low-temperature Germplasm Bank of Important Economic Fish (Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Resources (Agricultural Germplasm Resources) Coordination Service Platform, Nanjing 210017, China.
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24
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Hendrix SV, Mreyoud Y, McNehlan ME, Smirnov A, Chavez SM, Hie B, Chamberland MM, Bradstreet TR, Webber AM, Kreamalmeyer D, Taneja R, Bryson BD, Edelson BT, Stallings CL. BHLHE40 Regulates Myeloid Cell Polarization through IL-10-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1766-1781. [PMID: 38683120 PMCID: PMC11105981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Better understanding of the host responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections is required to prevent tuberculosis and develop new therapeutic interventions. The host transcription factor BHLHE40 is essential for controlling M. tuberculosis infection, in part by repressing Il10 expression, where excess IL-10 contributes to the early susceptibility of Bhlhe40-/- mice to M. tuberculosis infection. Deletion of Bhlhe40 in lung macrophages and dendritic cells is sufficient to increase the susceptibility of mice to M. tuberculosis infection, but how BHLHE40 impacts macrophage and dendritic cell responses to M. tuberculosis is unknown. In this study, we report that BHLHE40 is required in myeloid cells exposed to GM-CSF, an abundant cytokine in the lung, to promote the expression of genes associated with a proinflammatory state and better control of M. tuberculosis infection. Loss of Bhlhe40 expression in murine bone marrow-derived myeloid cells cultured in the presence of GM-CSF results in lower levels of proinflammatory associated signaling molecules IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, inducible NO synthase, IL-2, KC, and RANTES, as well as higher levels of the anti-inflammatory-associated molecules MCP-1 and IL-10 following exposure to heat-killed M. tuberculosis. Deletion of Il10 in Bhlhe40-/- myeloid cells restored some, but not all, proinflammatory signals, demonstrating that BHLHE40 promotes proinflammatory responses via both IL-10-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In addition, we show that macrophages and neutrophils within the lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected Bhlhe40-/- mice exhibit defects in inducible NO synthase production compared with infected wild-type mice, supporting that BHLHE40 promotes proinflammatory responses in innate immune cells, which may contribute to the essential role for BHLHE40 during M. tuberculosis infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler V. Hendrix
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yassin Mreyoud
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael E. McNehlan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Asya Smirnov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sthefany M. Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian Hie
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Megan M. Chamberland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tara R. Bradstreet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ashlee M. Webber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Darren Kreamalmeyer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bryan D. Bryson
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian T. Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christina L. Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Suzuki S, Morita Y, Ishige S, Kai K, Kawasaki K, Matsushita K, Ogura K, Miyoshi-Akiyama† T, Shimizu T. Effects of quorum sensing-interfering agents, including macrolides and furanone C-30, and an efflux pump inhibitor on nitrosative stress sensitivity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001464. [PMID: 38900549 PMCID: PMC11263931 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Long-term administration of certain macrolides is efficacious in patients with persistent pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, despite how limited the clinically achievable concentrations are, being far below their MICs. An increase in the sub-MIC of macrolide exposure-dependent sensitivity to nitrosative stress is a typical characteristic of P. aeruginosa. However, a few P. aeruginosa clinical isolates do not respond to sub-MIC of macrolide treatment. Therefore, we examined the effects of sub-MIC of erythromycin (EM) on the sensitivity to nitrosative stress together with an efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) phenylalanine arginyl β-naphthylamide (PAβN). The sensitivity to nitrosative stress increased, suggesting that the efflux pump was involved in inhibiting the sub-MIC of macrolide effect. Analysis using efflux pump-mutant P. aeruginosa revealed that MexAB-OprM, MexXY-OprM, and MexCD-OprJ are factors in reducing the sub-MIC of macrolide effect. Since macrolides interfere with quorum sensing (QS), we demonstrated that the QS-interfering agent furanone C-30 (C-30) producing greater sensitivity to nitric oxide (NO) stress than EM. The effect of C-30 was decreased by overproduction of MexAB-OprM. To investigate whether the increase in the QS-interfering agent exposure-dependent sensitivity to nitrosative stress is characteristic of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, we examined the viability of P. aeruginosa treated with NO. Although treatment with EM could reduce cell viability, a high variability in EM effects was observed. Conversely, C-30 was highly effective at reducing cell viability. Treatment with both C-30 and PAβN was sufficiently effective against the remaining isolates. Therefore, the combination of a QS-interfering agent and an EPI could be effective in treating P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yuji Morita
- Department of Infection Control Science, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Shota Ishige
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Kai
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawasaki
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsushita
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogura
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 6110011, Japan
| | - Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama†
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Yang T, Zhao G, Zhu W, Yu W, Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Li Y. Effect on the splenocyte function of weaned piglets induced by continuous lipopolysaccharide injections. J Vet Res 2024; 68:295-302. [PMID: 38947147 PMCID: PMC11210365 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction When piglets are exposed to pathogens for a long period, the immune system organs, among them the spleen, play a major role in combating the stress caused by those pathogens. In the present study, the effect on splenocyte function was investigated in a model of weaned piglets in which stress was induced by multiple low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Material and Methods Forty-eight 28-day-old piglets were divided into two groups: the LPS group and the control group. During the experimental period of thirteen days, the LPS group was intraperitoneally injected with LPS (100 μg/kg) once per day, and the control group was injected with the same volume of 0.9% sterile saline. On the 1st, 5th, 9th and 13th days, the piglets' spleens were collected for isolating splenocytes. The proliferation ability of splenocytes was evaluated by the cell-counting-kit 8 method. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle stage and apoptosis, and the nitric oxide level of cell supernatant was also tested. Results In the experimental group, the proliferation ability of splenocytes was enhanced, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase was smaller, and cells were promoted to the S and G2/M phases. Meanwhile, apoptosis was suppressed and nitric oxide release upregulated. The results were significantly different between the LPS group and the control group on the 5th and 9th days. Conclusion The difference between the results of one group and those of the other suggest that after the 5th LPS injection, multiple low doses of LPS activated splenocytes and restored the number of splenocytes, which maintained and possibly enhanced the regulation of the immune function of the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guotong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenlu Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wanting Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yijie Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
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27
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Ericson J, McGuire MK, Svärd A, Hårdstedt M. Total Nitrite and Nitrate Concentration in Human Milk and Saliva during the First 60 Days Postpartum-A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1195. [PMID: 38927402 PMCID: PMC11200659 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) in human milk may have important functions in lactation and infant health. This longitudinal pilot cohort study investigated the total nitrite and nitrate (NOx) concentration in human milk and maternal saliva during the first 60 days postpartum. Additionally, we explored the association between selected breastfeeding variables and milk and saliva NOx concentration. Human milk and maternal saliva samples were collected on days 2, 5, 14, 30, and 60 postpartum and analyzed for NOx concentration. Breastfeeding data were collected through self-assessed questions. Data analyses were performed using mixed models. The concentration of NOx in milk was significantly higher during the first 30 days compared to day 60, and there was a positive association between milk and saliva NOx concentrations throughout the entire study period. In absolute numbers, partially breastfeeding mothers had a lower concentration of NOx in milk on day 2 compared to exclusively breastfeeding mothers (8 vs. 15.1 μM, respectively). Partially breastfeeding mothers reported a later start of secretory activation and fewer mothers in this group started breastfeeding within the first hour after birth. Due to the small numbers, these differences could not be statistically evaluated. Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of NO in lactation success and breastfeeding outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ericson
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, 753 10 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (M.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Falu Hospital, 791 82 Falun, Sweden
| | - Michelle K. McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Anna Svärd
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, 753 10 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Maria Hårdstedt
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, 753 10 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (M.H.)
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28
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Legroux TM, Schymik HS, Gasparoni G, Mohammadi S, Walter J, Libert C, Diesel B, Hoppstädter J, Kiemer AK. Immunomodulation by glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper in macrophages: enhanced phagocytosis, protection from pyroptosis, and altered mitochondrial function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1396827. [PMID: 38855102 PMCID: PMC11157436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, which have long served as fundamental therapeutics for diverse inflammatory conditions, are still widely used, despite associated side effects limiting their long-term use. Among their key mediators is glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), recognized for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Here, we explore the immunomodulatory effects of GILZ in macrophages through transcriptomic analysis and functional assays. Bulk RNA sequencing of GILZ knockout and GILZ-overexpressing macrophages revealed significant alterations in gene expression profiles, particularly impacting pathways associated with the inflammatory response, phagocytosis, cell death, mitochondrial function, and extracellular structure organization activity. GILZ-overexpression enhances phagocytic and antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, potentially mediated by increased nitric oxide production. In addition, GILZ protects macrophages from pyroptotic cell death, as indicated by a reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in GILZ transgenic macrophages. In contrast, GILZ KO macrophages produced more ROS, suggesting a regulatory role of GILZ in ROS-dependent pathways. Additionally, GILZ overexpression leads to decreased mitochondrial respiration and heightened matrix metalloproteinase activity, suggesting its involvement in tissue remodeling processes. These findings underscore the multifaceted role of GILZ in modulating macrophage functions and its potential as a therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders, offering insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at optimizing the benefits of glucocorticoid therapy while minimizing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry M. Legroux
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hanna S. Schymik
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claude Libert
- Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Britta Diesel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoppstädter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexandra K. Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Fang Y, Li Z, Yang L, Li W, Wang Y, Kong Z, Miao J, Chen Y, Bian Y, Zeng L. Emerging roles of lactate in acute and chronic inflammation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:276. [PMID: 38755659 PMCID: PMC11097486 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, lactate has been considered a 'waste product' of cellular metabolism. Recent findings have shown that lactate is a substance that plays an indispensable role in various physiological cellular functions and contributes to energy metabolism and signal transduction during immune and inflammatory responses. The discovery of lactylation further revealed the role of lactate in regulating inflammatory processes. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the paradoxical characteristics of lactate metabolism in the inflammatory microenvironment and highlight the pivotal roles of lactate homeostasis, the lactate shuttle, and lactylation ('lactate clock') in acute and chronic inflammatory responses from a molecular perspective. We especially focused on lactate and lactate receptors with either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on complex molecular biological signalling pathways and investigated the dynamic changes in inflammatory immune cells in the lactate-related inflammatory microenvironment. Moreover, we reviewed progress on the use of lactate as a therapeutic target for regulating the inflammatory response, which may provide a new perspective for treating inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Fang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- College of Health Economics Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, ·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, ·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ziyang Kong
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, ·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Miao
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanqi Chen
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaoyao Bian
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, ·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- TCM Rehabilitation Center, Jiangsu Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Li Zeng
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
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30
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Trigo CM, Rodrigues JS, Camões SP, Solá S, Miranda JP. Mesenchymal stem cell secretome for regenerative medicine: Where do we stand? J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00181-4. [PMID: 38729561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have yielded beneficial effects in a broad range of preclinical models and clinical trials for human diseases. In the context of MSC transplantation, it is widely recognized that the main mechanism for the regenerative potential of MSCs is not their differentiation, with in vivo data revealing transient and low engraftment rates. Instead, MSCs therapeutic effects are mainly attributed to its secretome, i.e., paracrine factors secreted by these cells, further offering a more attractive and innovative approach due to the effectiveness and safety of a cell-free product. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we will discuss the potential benefits of MSC-derived secretome in regenerative medicine with particular focus on respiratory, hepatic, and neurological diseases. Both free and vesicular factors of MSC secretome will be detailed. We will also address novel potential strategies capable of improving their healing potential, namely by delivering important regenerative molecules according to specific diseases and tissue needs, as well as non-clinical and clinical studies that allow us to dissect their mechanisms of action. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW MSC-derived secretome includes both soluble and non-soluble factors, organized in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Importantly, besides depending on the cell origin, the characteristics and therapeutic potential of MSC secretome is deeply influenced by external stimuli, highlighting the possibility of optimizing their characteristics through preconditioning approaches. Nevertheless, the clarity around their mechanisms of action remains ambiguous, whereas the need for standardized procedures for the successful translation of those products to the clinics urges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M Trigo
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana S Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio P Camões
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Solá
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana P Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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31
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Priya S, Berchmans S. Ferrocene probe-assisted fluorescence quenching of PEI-carbon dots for NO detection and the logic gates based sensing of NO enabled by trimodal detection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10402. [PMID: 38710731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Our research demonstrates the effectiveness of fluorescence quenching between polyethyleneimine functionalised carbon dots (PEI-CDs) and cyclodextrin encapsulated ferrocene for fluorogenic detection of nitric oxide (NO). We confirmed that ferrocene can be used as a NO probe by observing its ability to quench the fluorescence emitted from PEI-CDs, with NO concentrations ranging from 1 × 10-6 M to 5 × 10-4 M. The photoluminescence intensity (PL) of PEI-CDs decreased linearly, with a detection limit of 500 nM. Previous studies have shown that ferrocene is a selective probe for NO detection in biological systems by electrochemical and colorimetric methods. The addition of fluorogenic NO detection using ferrocene as a probe enables the development of a three-way sensor probe for NO. Furthermore, the triple mode NO detection (electrochemical, colorimetric, and fluorogenic) with ferrocene aids in processing sensing data in a controlled manner similar to Boolean logic operations. This work presents key findings on the mechanism of fluorescence quenching between ferrocene hyponitrite intermediate and PEI-CDs, the potential of using ferrocene for triple channel NO detection as a single molecular entity, and the application of logic gates for NO sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Priya
- NSS College, Nemmara, Palakkad, India.
| | - Sheela Berchmans
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, 630006, India
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32
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Garcia EM, Lenz JD, Schaub RE, Hackett KT, Salgado-Pabón W, Dillard JP. IL-17C is a driver of damaging inflammation during Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection of human Fallopian tube. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3756. [PMID: 38704381 PMCID: PMC11069574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae ascends into the upper female reproductive tract to cause damaging inflammation within the Fallopian tubes and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), increasing the risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy. The loss of ciliated cells from the epithelium is thought to be both a consequence of inflammation and a cause of adverse sequelae. However, the links between infection, inflammation, and ciliated cell extrusion remain unresolved. With the use of ex vivo cultures of human Fallopian tube paired with RNA sequencing we defined the tissue response to gonococcal challenge, identifying cytokine, chemokine, cell adhesion, and apoptosis related transcripts not previously recognized as potentiators of gonococcal PID. Unexpectedly, IL-17C was one of the most highly induced genes. Yet, this cytokine has no previous association with gonococcal infection nor pelvic inflammatory disease and thus it was selected for further characterization. We show that human Fallopian tubes express the IL-17C receptor on the epithelial surface and that treatment with purified IL-17C induces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in addition to sloughing of the epithelium and generalized tissue damage. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized but critical role of IL-17C in the damaging inflammation induced by gonococci in a human explant model of PID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Garcia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan D Lenz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan E Schaub
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kathleen T Hackett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wilmara Salgado-Pabón
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joseph P Dillard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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33
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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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34
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Wen Y, Wu X, Wu W, Feng T, Pan Y, He Y, Ji L, Chao H. A Mitochondria-Targeted Nitric Oxide Probe for Multimodality Imaging of Macrophage Immune Responses. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6666-6673. [PMID: 38623755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signal molecule closely linked to the biological immune response, especially in macrophage polarization. When activated, macrophages enter a pro-inflammatory state and produce NO, a marker for the M1 phenotype. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype does not produce NO. We developed a mitochondria-targeted two-photon iridium-based complex (Ir-ImNO) probe that can detect endogenous NO and monitor macrophages' different immune response states using various imaging techniques, such as one- and two-photon phosphorescence imaging and phosphorescence lifetime imaging. Ir-ImNO was used to monitor the immune activation of macrophages in mice. This technology aims to provide a clear and comprehensive visualization of macrophage immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xianbo Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yulong He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 400201, P. R. China
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35
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Yang Q, Li J, Zhang L, Zhao N, Sun X, Wang Z. Type I Cystatin Derived from Cysticercus pisiformis-Stefins, Suppresses LPS-Mediated Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Cells. Microorganisms 2024; 12:850. [PMID: 38792680 PMCID: PMC11123757 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysticercus pisiformis is a kind of tapeworm larvae of Taenia pisiformis, which parasitizes the liver envelope, omentum, mesentery, and rectum of rodents such as rabbits. Cysteine protease inhibitors derived from helminth were immunoregulatory molecules of intermediate hosts and had an immunomodulatory function that regulates the production of inflammatory factors. Thus, in the present research, the recombinant Stefin of C. pisiformis was confirmed to have the potential to fight inflammation in LPS-Mediated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. CCK8 test showed that rCpStefin below 50 μg/mL concentration did not affect cellular viability. Moreover, the NO production level determined by the Griess test was decreased. In addition, the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α as measured by ELISA were decreased. Furthermore, it exerted anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and proinflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 at the gene transcription level, as measured by qRT-PCR. Therefore, Type I cystatin derived from C. pisiformis suppresses the LPS-Mediated inflammatory response of the intermediate host and is a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaolin Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (N.Z.)
| | - Zexiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (N.Z.)
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36
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Lin J, Zhang Q, Xie T, Wu Z, Hou Y, Song Y, Lin Y, Lin JM. Understanding Macrophage-Tumor Interactions: Insights from Single-Cell Behavior Monitoring in a Sessile Microdroplet System. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301659. [PMID: 38623914 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Interaction between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells is crucial for tumor development, metastasis, and the related immune process. However, the macrophages are highly heterogeneous spanning from anti-tumorigenic to pro-tumorigenic, which needs to be understood at the single-cell level. Herein, a sessile microdroplet system designed for monitoring cellular behavior and analyzing intercellular interaction, demonstrated with macrophage-tumor cell pairs is presented. An automatic procedure based on the inkjet printing method is utilized for the precise pairing and co-encapsulation of heterotypic cells within picoliter droplets. The sessile nature of microdroplets ensures controlled fusion and provides stable environments conducive to adherent cell culture. The nitric oxide generation and morphological changes over incubation are explored to reveal the complicated interactions from a single-cell perspective. The immune response of macrophages under distinct cellular microenvironments is recorded. The results demonstrate that the tumor microenvironment displays a modulating role in polarizing macrophages from anti-tumorigenic into pro-tumorigenic phenotype. The approach provides a versatile and compatible platform to investigate intercellular interaction at the single-cell level, showing promising potential for advancing single-cell behavior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianze Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zengnan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongning Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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37
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Shiroudi A, Śmiechowski M, Czub J, Abdel-Rahman MA. Computational analysis of substituent effects on proton affinity and gas-phase basicity of TEMPO derivatives and their hydrogen bonding interactions with water molecules. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8434. [PMID: 38600208 PMCID: PMC11006853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigates the molecular structure of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and its derivatives in the gas phase using B3LYP and M06-2X functional methods. Intermolecular interactions are analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecules (AIM) techniques. NO2-substituted TEMPO displays high reactivity, less stability, and softer properties. The study reveals that the stability of TEMPO derivatives is mainly influenced by LP(e) → σ∗ electronic delocalization effects, with the highest stabilization observed on the oxygen atom of the nitroxide moiety. This work also considers electron density, atomic charges, and energetic and thermodynamic properties of the studied NO radicals, and their relative stability. The proton affinity and gas-phase basicity of the studied compounds were computed at T = 298 K for O-protonation and N-protonation, respectively. The studied DFT method calculations show that O-protonation is more stable than N-protonation, with an energy difference of 16.64-20.77 kcal/mol (22.80-25.68 kcal/mol) at the B3LYP (M06-2X) method. The AIM analysis reveals that the N-O…H interaction in H2O complexes has the most favorable hydrogen bond energy computed at bond critical points (3, - 1), and the planar configurations of TEMPO derivatives exhibit the highest EHB values. This indicates stronger hydrogen bonding interactions between the N-O group and water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Shiroudi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
- BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Maciej Śmiechowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
- BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, P.O. Box: 43221, Suez, Egypt.
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38
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Bin Y, Ren J, Zhang H, Zhang T, Liu P, Xin Z, Yang H, Feng Z, Chen Z, Zhang H. Against all odds: The road to success in the development of human immune reconstitution mice. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38591343 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The mouse genome has a high degree of homology with the human genome, and its physiological, biochemical, and developmental regulation mechanisms are similar to those of humans; therefore, mice are widely used as experimental animals. However, it is undeniable that interspecies differences between humans and mice can lead to experimental errors. The differences in the immune system have become an important factor limiting current immunological research. The application of immunodeficient mice provides a possible solution to these problems. By transplanting human immune cells or tissues, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells or hematopoietic stem cells, into immunodeficient mice, a human immune system can be reconstituted in the mouse body, and the engrafted immune cells can elicit human-specific immune responses. Researchers have been actively exploring the development and differentiation conditions of host recipient animals and grafts in order to achieve better immune reconstitution. Through genetic engineering methods, immunodeficient mice can be further modified to provide a favorable developmental and differentiation microenvironment for the grafts. From initially only being able to reconstruct single T lymphocyte lineages, it is now possible to reconstruct lymphoid and myeloid cells, providing important research tools for immunology-related studies. In this review, we compare the differences in immune systems of humans and mice, describe the development history of human immune reconstitution from the perspectives of immunodeficient mice and grafts, and discuss the latest advances in enhancing the efficiency of human immune cell reconstitution, aiming to provide important references for immunological related researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Bin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haowei Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peijuan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiqian Xin
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haijiao Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuan Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhinan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Xu Z, Liu S, Xu L, Li Z, Zhang X, Kang H, Liu Y, Yu J, Jing J, Niu G, Zhang X. A novel ratiometric fluorescent probe with high selectivity for lysosomal nitric oxide imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1297:342303. [PMID: 38438223 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays critical roles in both physiology and pathology, serving as a significant signaling molecule. Recent investigations have uncovered the pivotal role of lysosome as a critical organelle where intracellular NO exists and takes function. In this study, we developed a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe called XL-NO and modified it with a morpholine unit, which followed the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. The probe could detect lysosomal nitric oxide with high selectivity and sensitivity. The probe XL-NO contained a secondary amine moiety that could readily react with NO in lysosomes, leading to the formation of the N-nitrosation product. The N-nitroso structure enhanced the capability in push-pull electron, which obviously led to the change of fluorescence from 621 nm to 521 nm. In addition, XL-NO was discovered to have some evident advantages, such as significant ratiometric signal (I521/I621) change, strong anti-interference ability, good biocompatibility, and a low detection limit (LOD = 44.3 nM), which were crucial for the detection of lysosomal NO. To evaluate the practical application of XL-NO, NO imaging experiments were performed in both living cells and zebrafish. The results from these experiments confirmed the feasibility and reliability of XL-NO for exogenous/endogenous NO imaging and lysosome targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Songtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Liren Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Zichun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Hao Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Guangle Niu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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40
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Das S, Kumar P. Exploring the carbonic anhydrase-mimetic [(PMDTA) 2ZnII2(OH -) 2] 2+ for nitric oxide monooxygenation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6173-6177. [PMID: 38501600 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In biology, nitrite (NO2-) serves as a storage pool of nitric oxide (NO); however, the formation of NO2- from NO is still under investigation. Here, we report the NO monooxygenation (NOM) reaction of a ZnII-hydroxide complex (1), producing a ZnII-nitrito complex {2, (ZnII-NO2-)} + H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, India.
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41
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Li S, Cui X, Cao Y, Sun J. Extracellular ATP- and adenosine-mediated purinergic signaling modulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression, enzyme activity and nitric oxide production in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) head kidney macrophages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109469. [PMID: 38423488 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) is a key immune mediator for production of inflammatory mediator NO from l-arginine. Tight regulation of iNOS expression and enzyme activity is critical for proper NO productions under inflammation and infection conditions. However, the regulatory mechanism for iNOS expression and enzyme activity in fish remains largely unknown. Here, we show that extracellular ATP treatment significantly up-regulates iNOS gene expression and enzyme activity, and consequently leads to enhanced NO production in Cyprinus carpio head kidney macrophages (HKMs). We further show that the extracellular ATP-induced iNOS enzyme activity and NO production can be attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of the ATP-gated P2X4 and P2X7 receptors with their respective specific antagonists, but enhanced by overexpression of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors in grass carp ovary cells. In contrast, adenosine administration significantly reduces iNOS gene expression, enzyme activity and NO production in carp HKMs, and these inhibitory effects can be reversed by pharmacological inhibition of adenosine receptors with the antagonist XAC. Furthermore, LPS- and poly(I:C)-induced iNOS gene expression, enzyme activity, and NO production are significantly attenuated by blockade of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors with their respective specific antagonists in carp HKMs, while overexpression of P2X and P2X7 receptors results in enhanced iNOS gene expression, enzyme activity and NO production in LPS- and poly(I:C)-treated grass carp ovary cells. Taken together, we firstly report an opposite role of extracellular ATP/adenosine-mediated purinergic signaling in modulating iNOS-NO system activity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Xiwen Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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da Silva AR, Herrera HM, de Oliveira CE, Torres JM, Ferreira AMR, Leite JDS, Menezes RC, Martinez ÉV, de Oliveira GMDS, Santos FM, de Andrade GB. The relationships among Leishmania infantum and phyllostomid bats assessed by histopathological and molecular assays. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 23:100904. [PMID: 38261956 PMCID: PMC10797179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Bats have been reported as reservoir host of Leishmania spp. worldwide, mostly by molecular detection. However, it is still unclear whether bats act as reservoirs of Leishmania infantum to sandflies vectors. In this sense, the investigation of amastigotes forms in the target organs, and the characterization of their associated inflammation, may help to clarify the epidemiological importance of bats in endemic areas for leishmaniasis. The aim of this work was to investigate the host-parasite relationships under microscopic evaluation and predict the epidemiological role of two phyllostomid bats species naturally infected by L. infantum in an endemic area for human leishmaniasis. Fragments of skin, liver and spleen of L. infantum positive and negative bats (Artibeus planirostris and Carollia perspicillata) by qPCR, were studied by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Both groups, positive and negative, did not show differences in the histopathological study, presenting only discrete tissue changes. Liver and skin showed mild inflammatory reactions. Findings on spleen consisted of reactivity of the lymphoid follicles, expressive presence of apoptotic cells and macrophages containing abundant phagocytic cells debris. We did not find amastigote forms in tissues by histological and IHC techniques in positive qPCR bats. Our results allow us to hypothesize that phyllostomid bats seem to have an important role in reducing the risk of transmission, possibly acting as dead-end host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanderson Rodrigues da Silva
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, CEP: 79117900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Heitor Miraglia Herrera
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, CEP: 79117900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, CEP: 79117900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carina Elisei de Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, CEP: 79117900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, CEP: 79117900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- LAMP LAB - LAMP Diagnostico LTDA– Av. Tamandaré, 6000, Jardim Seminário, 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jaire Marinho Torres
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, CEP: 79117900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Reis Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Leite
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Rua Vital Brazil, 64, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Caldas Menezes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Av. Brasil, 4036, Sala 119, Manguinhos, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Érica Verneque Martinez
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, CEP: 79117900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Moreira dos Santos de Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, CEP: 79117900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Filipe Martins Santos
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, CEP: 79117900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- LAMP LAB - LAMP Diagnostico LTDA– Av. Tamandaré, 6000, Jardim Seminário, 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gisele Braziliano de Andrade
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, CEP: 79117900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Li C, Deng C, Wang S, Dong X, Dai B, Guo W, Guo Q, Feng Y, Xu H, Song X, Cao L. A novel role for the ROS-ATM-Chk2 axis mediated metabolic and cell cycle reprogramming in the M1 macrophage polarization. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103059. [PMID: 38316066 PMCID: PMC10862067 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in macrophage-mediated acute inflammation. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which ROS regulate macrophage polarization remains unclear. Here, we show that ROS function as signaling molecules that regulate M1 macrophage polarization through ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), vital effector kinases in the DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathway. We further demonstrate that Chk2 phosphorylates PKM2 at the T95 and T195 sites, promoting glycolysis and facilitating macrophage M1 polarization. In addition, Chk2 activation increases the Chk2-dependent expression of p21, inducing cell cycle arrest for subsequent macrophage M1 polarization. Finally, Chk2-deficient mice infected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) display a significant decrease in lung inflammation and M1 macrophage counts. Taken together, these results suggest that inhibiting the ROS-Chk2 axis can prevent the excessive inflammatory activation of macrophages, and this pathway can be targeted to develop a novel therapy for inflammation-associated diseases and expand our understanding of the pathophysiological functions of DDR in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Li
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chengsi Deng
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wendong Guo
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongde Xu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liu Cao
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Deng H, Zhang Y, Cai X, Yin Z, Yang Y, Dong Q, Qiu Y, Chen Z. Dual-Targeted Graphitic Cascade Nanozymes for Recognition and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306155. [PMID: 37991257 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the major etiological factor of a variety of gastric diseases. However, the treatment of H. pylori is challenged by the destruction of targeted drugs by gastric acid and pepsin. Herein, a dual-targeted cascade catalytic nanozyme PtCo@Graphene@Hemin-2(L-arginine) (PtCo@G@H2A) is designed for the treatment of H. pylori. The dual-targeting ability of PtCo@G@H2A is derived from directly targeting the receptor protein of H. pylori through hemin and responding to the acidic environment to cause charge reversal (protonation of L-arginine) to capture H. pylori, achieving efficient targeting effect. Compared with the single-targeting strategy relying on hemin, the dual-targeting strategy can greatly improve the targeting rate, achieving an increase of 850% targeting rate. At the concentration of NaHCO3 in intestinal fluid, the surface potential of PtCo@G@H2A can be quickly restored to avoid side effects. Meanwhile, PtCo@G@H2A has pH-responsive oxidase-like activity, which can generate nitric oxide (NO) through a cascade catalytic process that first generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) with oxygen, and further oxidizes L-arginine through ROS, realizing a superior acid-selective bactericidal effect. Overall, it proposes a promising strategy for the treatment of H. pylori that maintains high targeting and therapeutic effects in the environment of gastric acid and pepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Xinqi Cai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Zhiwei Yin
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Yanxia Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
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45
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Wu Y, Zhang P, Shi T, Cao D, Pan W. Deficiency of immunoglobulin IgSF6 enhances antibacterial effects by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory response in intestinal macrophages. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:288-302. [PMID: 38387824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) members are known for their role as glycoproteins expressed on the surface of immune cells, enabling protein-protein interactions to sense external signals during immune responses. However, the functions of immunoglobulins localized within subcellular compartments have been less explored. In this study, we identified an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized immunoglobulin, IgSF member 6 (IgSF6), that regulates ER stress and the inflammatory response in intestinal macrophages. Igsf6 expression is sustained by microbiota and significantly upregulated upon bacterial infection. Mice lacking Igsf6 displayed resistance to Salmonella typhimurium challenge but increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Mechanistically, deficiency of Igsf6 enhanced inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/-X-box binding protein 1 pathway, inflammatory response, and reactive oxygen species production leading to increased bactericidal activity of intestinal macrophages. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species or inositol-requiring enzyme 1α-X-box binding protein 1 pathway reduced the advantage of Igsf6 deficiency in bactericidal capacity. Together, our findings provide insight into the role of IgSF6 in intestinal macrophages that modulate the ER stress response and maintain intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Panrui Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tianlu Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Wen Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Taha SM, Abd El-Aziz NK, Abdelkhalek A, Pet I, Ahmadi M, El-Nabtity SM. Chitosan-Loaded Lagenaria siceraria and Thymus vulgaris Potentiate Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Activities against Extensive Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:428. [PMID: 38671876 PMCID: PMC11047512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses considerable issues for current clinical care, so the modified use of antimicrobial agents and public health initiatives, coupled with new antimicrobial approaches, may help to minimize the impact of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in the future. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities of Lagenaria siceraria, Thymus vulgaris, and their chitosan nanocomposites against extensive drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) using both in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa and VRSA strains revealed 100% sensitivity to imipenem (100%). All P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to cefoxitin, cefepime, trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole, and fosfomycin. However, S. aureus strains showed a full resistance to cefoxitin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and fosfomycin (100% each). Interestingly, all S. aureus strains were vancomycin-resistant (MIC = 32-512 μg/mL), and 90% of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains were XDR. The antimicrobial potential of Lagenaria siceraria and Thymus vulgaris nanocomposites with chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated marked inhibitory activities against XDR P. aeruginosa and VRSA strains with inhibition zones' diameters up to 50 mm and MIC values ranging from 0.125 to 1 μg/mL and 1 to 8 μg/mL, respectively. The results of the in vivo approach in male Sprague Dawley rats revealed that infection with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus displayed significant changes in biochemical, hematological, and histopathological findings compared to the negative control group. These values returned to the normal range after treatment by chitosan nanoparticles, either loaded with Lagenaria siceraria or Thymus vulgaris. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) findings presented significant upregulation of the relative expression of the IL10 gene and downregulation of the IFNG gene throughout the experimental period, especially after treatment with chitosan nanoparticles loaded either with Lagenaria siceraria or Thymus vulgaris in comparison to the positive control groups. In conclusion, this is the first report suggesting the use of Lagenaria siceraria and Thymus vulgaris nanocomposites with chitosan nanoparticles as a promising contender for combating XDR P. aeruginosa and VRSA infections as well as a manager for inflammatory situations and oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwan M Taha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Norhan K Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Food Safety, Hygiene and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Ioan Pet
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animals Resources, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animals Resources, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sameh M El-Nabtity
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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47
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Jang S, Kim S, Kim SJ, Kim JY, Gu DH, So BR, Ryu JA, Park JM, Yoon SR, Jung SK. Innate Immune-Enhancing Effect of Pinus densiflora Pollen Extract via NF-κB Pathway Activation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:644-653. [PMID: 38213288 PMCID: PMC11016773 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Considering the emergence of various infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), people's attention has shifted towards immune health. Consequently, immune-enhancing functional foods have been increasingly consumed. Hence, developing new immune-enhancing functional food products is needed. Pinus densiflora pollen can be collected from the male red pine tree, which is commonly found in Korea. P. densiflora pollen extract (PDE), obtained by water extraction, contained polyphenols (216.29 ± 0.22 mg GAE/100 g) and flavonoids (35.14 ± 0.04 mg CE/100 g). PDE significantly increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) but, did not exhibit cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. Western blot results indicated that PDE induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. PDE also significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of cytokines and the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and p65, as well as the activation and degradation of IκBα. Additionally, western blot analysis of cytosolic and nuclear fractions and immunofluorescence assay confirmed that the translocation of p65 to the nucleus after PDE treatment. These results confirmed that PDE increases the production of cytokines, NO, and ROS by activating NF-κB. Therefore, PDE is a promising nutraceutical candidate for immune-enhancing functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyeon Jang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - San Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jeong Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Gu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram So
- COSMAX NBT, INC., Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung A Ryu
- Division of Agricultural Environment Research, Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension services, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Park
- Division of Agricultural Environment Research, Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension services, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ran Yoon
- Division of Agricultural Environment Research, Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension services, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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48
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Masood M, Singh P, Hariss D, Khan F, Yameen D, Siraj S, Islam A, Dohare R, Mahfuzul Haque M. Nitric oxide as a double-edged sword in pulmonary viral infections: Mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic implications. Gene 2024; 899:148148. [PMID: 38191100 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In the face of the global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), researchers are tirelessly exploring novel therapeutic approaches to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its associated complications. Nitric oxide (NO) has appeared as a multifaceted signaling mediator with diverse and often contrasting biological activities. Its intricate biochemistry renders it a crucial regulator of cardiovascular and pulmonary functions, immunity, and neurotransmission. Perturbations in NO production, whether excessive or insufficient, contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, encompassing cardiovascular disease, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, diabetes, and cancer. Recent investigations have unveiled the potential of NO donors to impede SARS-CoV- 2 replication, while inhaled NO demonstrates promise as a therapeutic avenue for improving oxygenation in COVID-19-related hypoxic pulmonary conditions. Interestingly, NO's association with the inflammatory response in asthma suggests a potential protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, compelling evidence indicates the benefits of inhaled NO in optimizing ventilation-perfusion ratios and mitigating the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we delve into the molecular targets of NO, its utility as a diagnostic marker, the mechanisms underlying its action in COVID-19, and the potential of inhaled NO as a therapeutic intervention against viral infections. The topmost significant pathway, gene ontology (GO)-biological process (BP), GO-molecular function (MF) and GO-cellular compartment (CC) terms associated with Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)1, NOS2, NOS3 were arginine biosynthesis (p-value = 1.15 x 10-9) regulation of guanylate cyclase activity (p-value = 7.5 x 10-12), arginine binding (p-value = 2.62 x 10-11), vesicle membrane (p-value = 3.93 x 10-8). Transcriptomics analysis further validates the significant presence of NOS1, NOS2, NOS3 in independent COVID-19 and pulmonary hypertension cohorts with respect to controls. This review investigates NO's molecular targets, diagnostic potentials, and therapeutic role in COVID-19, employing bioinformatics to identify key pathways and NOS isoforms' significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Masood
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Prithvi Singh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Daaniyaal Hariss
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Faizya Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Daraksha Yameen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Seerat Siraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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49
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Doman AJ, Perkins MV, Tommasi S, Mangoni AA, Nair PC. Recent advances in DDAH1 inhibitor design and discovery: insights from structure-activity relationships and X-ray crystal structures. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9619-9630. [PMID: 38525060 PMCID: PMC10958460 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule which modulates several biological and pathological processes. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) plays a key role indirectly regulating NO concentrations in the body. It has been shown that DDAH1 inhibition may be an effective therapeutic strategy in certain pathological states in which excessive NO is produced. In recent years, specific DDAH1 inhibitors have shown promise in suppressing abnormal neovascularization in cancer. However, the available DDAH1 inhibitors lack potency and selectivity and are mostly arginine-based. Further, these inhibitors display unfavourable pharmacokinetics and have not been tested in humans. Thus, the development of potent, selective, and chemically diverse DDAH1 inhibitors is essential. In this review, we examine the structure activity relationships (SARs) and X-ray crystal structures of known DDAH1 inhibitors. Then, we discuss current challenges in the design and development of novel DDAH1 inhibitors and provide future directions for developing potent and chemically diverse compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Doman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network Adelaide Australia
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University Adelaide Australia +61-8-82043155
| | - Michael V Perkins
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide Australia
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network Adelaide Australia
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University Adelaide Australia +61-8-82043155
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network Adelaide Australia
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University Adelaide Australia +61-8-82043155
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University Adelaide Australia
| | - Pramod C Nair
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University Adelaide Australia +61-8-82043155
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University Adelaide Australia
- Cancer Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
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50
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Li H, Hardy CD, Reidl CT, Jing Q, Xue F, Cinelli M, Silverman RB, Poulos TL. Crystallographic and Computational Insights into Isoform-Selective Dynamics in Nitric Oxide Synthase. Biochemistry 2024; 63:788-796. [PMID: 38417024 PMCID: PMC10956423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
In our efforts to develop inhibitors selective for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) over endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), we found that nNOS can undergo conformational changes in response to inhibitor binding that does not readily occur in eNOS. One change involves movement of a conserved tyrosine, which hydrogen bonds to one of the heme propionates, but in the presence of an inhibitor, changes conformation, enabling part of the inhibitor to hydrogen bond with the heme propionate. This movement does not occur as readily in eNOS and may account for the reason why these inhibitors bind more tightly to nNOS. A second structural change occurs upon the binding of a second inhibitor molecule to nNOS, displacing the pterin cofactor. Binding of this second site inhibitor requires structural changes at the dimer interface, which also occurs more readily in nNOS than in eNOS. Here, we used a combination of crystallography, mutagenesis, and computational methods to better understand the structural basis for these differences in NOS inhibitor binding. Computational results show that a conserved tyrosine near the primary inhibitor binding site is anchored more tightly in eNOS than in nNOS, allowing for less flexibility of this residue. We also find that the inefficiency of eNOS to bind a second inhibitor molecule is likely due to the tighter dimer interface in eNOS compared with nNOS. This study provides a better understanding of how subtle structural differences in NOS isoforms can result in substantial dynamic differences that can be exploited in the development of isoform-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Li
- Departments
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United
States
| | - Christine D. Hardy
- Departments
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United
States
| | - Cory T. Reidl
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Qing Jing
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Fengtian Xue
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Maris Cinelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Thomas L. Poulos
- Departments
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United
States
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