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Marino L, Ni B, Farrar JS, Lownik JC, Pearce JV, Martin RK, Celi FS. Adipose tissue-selective ablation of ADAM10 results in divergent metabolic phenotypes following long-term dietary manipulation. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2339418. [PMID: 38706095 PMCID: PMC11073419 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2339418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10), is involved in several metabolic and inflammatory pathways. We speculated that ADAM10 plays a modulatory role in adipose tissue inflammation and metabolism. To this end, we studied adipose tissue-specific ADAM10 knock-out mice (aKO). While young, regular chow diet-fed aKO mice showed increased insulin sensitivity, following prolonged (33 weeks) high-fat diet (HFD) exposure, aKO mice developed obesity and insulin resistance. Compared to controls, aKO mice showed less inflammatory adipokine profile despite the significant increase in adiposity. In brown adipose tissue, aKO mice on HFD had changes in CD8+ T cell populations indicating a lesser inflammatory pattern. Following HFD, both aKO and control littermates demonstrated decreased adipose tissue pro-inflammatory macrophages, and increased anti-inflammatory accumulation, without differences between the genotypes. Collectively, our observations indicate that selective deletion of ADAM10 in adipocytes results in a mitigated inflammatory response, leading to increased insulin sensitivity in young mice fed with regular diet. This state of insulin sensitivity, following prolonged HFD, facilitates energy storage resulting in increased fat accumulation which ultimately leads to the development of a phenotype of obesity and insulin resistance. In conclusion, the data indicate that ADAM10 has a modulatory effect of inflammation and whole-body energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marino
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bin Ni
- Alliance Pharma, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jared S. Farrar
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joseph C. Lownik
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Janina V. Pearce
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Francesco S. Celi
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
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2
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Law PP, Mikheeva LA, Rodriguez-Algarra F, Asenius F, Gregori M, Seaborne RAE, Yildizoglu S, Miller JRC, Tummala H, Mesnage R, Antoniou MN, Li W, Tan Q, Hillman SL, Rakyan VK, Williams DJ, Holland ML. Ribosomal DNA copy number is associated with body mass in humans and other mammals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5006. [PMID: 38866738 PMCID: PMC11169392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Body mass results from a complex interplay between genetics and environment. Previous studies of the genetic contribution to body mass have excluded repetitive regions due to the technical limitations of platforms used for population scale studies. Here we apply genome-wide approaches, identifying an association between adult body mass and the copy number (CN) of 47S-ribosomal DNA (rDNA). rDNA codes for the 18 S, 5.8 S and 28 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) components of the ribosome. In mammals, there are hundreds of copies of these genes. Inter-individual variation in the rDNA CN has not previously been associated with a mammalian phenotype. Here, we show that rDNA CN variation associates with post-pubertal growth rate in rats and body mass index in adult humans. rDNA CN is not associated with rRNA transcription rates in adult tissues, suggesting the mechanistic link occurs earlier in development. This aligns with the observation that the association emerges by early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Pik Law
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- The Blizard Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Liudmila A Mikheeva
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Fredrika Asenius
- UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Gregori
- UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert A E Seaborne
- The Blizard Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Selin Yildizoglu
- The Blizard Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James R C Miller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hemanth Tummala
- The Blizard Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Weilong Li
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara L Hillman
- UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vardhman K Rakyan
- The Blizard Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David J Williams
- UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle L Holland
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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3
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Sun J, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Hu L, Zhao L, Wang H, Yuan Y, Niu H, Wang D, Zhang H, Liu J, Feng X, Su X, Qiu J, Sun J, Xu H, Zhang C, Wang K, Bi Y, Engleman EG, Shen L. Metabolic regulator LKB1 controls adipose tissue ILC2 PD-1 expression and mitochondrial homeostasis to prevent insulin resistance. Immunity 2024; 57:1289-1305.e9. [PMID: 38772366 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) help maintain metabolic homeostasis by sustaining type 2 immunity and promoting adipose beiging. Although impairment of the ILC2 compartment contributes to obesity-associated insulin resistance, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here, we found that ILC2s in obese mice and humans exhibited impaired liver kinase B1 (LKB1) activation. Genetic ablation of LKB1 disrupted ILC2 mitochondrial metabolism and suppressed ILC2 responses, resulting in exacerbated insulin resistance. Mechanistically, LKB1 deficiency induced aberrant PD-1 expression through activation of NFAT, which in turn enhanced mitophagy by suppressing Bcl-xL expression. Blockade of PD-1 restored the normal functions of ILC2s and reversed obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice. Collectively, these data present the LKB1-PD-1 axis as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Sun
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Youqin Zhang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qingbing Zhang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Linfeng Zhao
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongdong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongshen Niu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dongdi Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huasheng Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianyue Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xujiao Feng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaohui Su
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Heping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Catherine Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathleen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Shen
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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4
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Ma Y, Yang X, Ning K, Guo H. M1/M2 macrophage-targeted nanotechnology and PROTAC for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2024:122811. [PMID: 38862062 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play key roles in atherosclerosis progression, and an imbalance in M1/M2 macrophages leads to unstable plaques; therefore, M1/M2 macrophage polarization-targeted treatments may serve as a new approach in the treatment of atherosclerosis. At present, there is little research on M1/M2 macrophage polarization-targeted nanotechnology. Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology, a targeted protein degradation technology, mediates the degradation of target proteins and has been widely promoted in preclinical and clinical applications as a novel therapeutic modality. This review summarizes the recent studies on M1/M2 macrophage polarization-targeted nanotechnology, focusing on the mechanism and advantages of PROTACs in M1/M2 macrophage polarization as a new approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Ma
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ke Ning
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Haidong Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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5
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Guo H, Wan C, Zhu J, Jiang X, Li S. Association of systemic immune-inflammation index with insulin resistance and prediabetes: a cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1377792. [PMID: 38904046 PMCID: PMC11188308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1377792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Previous research suggested a relationship between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and multiple adverse health conditions. However, the role of SII in prediabetes and insulin resistance (IR) remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential relationship between SII and prediabetes and IR, providing data support for effective diabetes prevention by reducing systemic inflammation. Methods Linear regression models were used to assess the correlation between continuous SII and risk markers for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were employed to evaluate the association between SII tertiles and prediabetes and IR, controlling for various confounding factors. Finally, restricted cubic spline graphs were used to analyze the nonlinear relationship between SII and IR and prediabetes. Results After controlling for multiple potential confounders, SII was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose (FBG) (β: 0.100; 95% CI: 0.040 to 0.160), fasting serum insulin (FSI) (β: 1.042; 95% CI: 0.200 to 1.885), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: 0.273; 95% CI: 0.022 to 0.523). Compared to participants with lower SII, those in the highest tertile had increased odds of prediabetes (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.02-1.34; p for trend < 0.05) and IR (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.51; p for trend<0.001). Conclusions Our study results demonstrate an elevated association between SII levels and both IR and prediabetes, indicating SII as a straightforward and cost-effective method identifying individuals with IR and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuan Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuxing Jiang
- Frontier Medical Training Brigade, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Xinjiang, China
| | - Shufa Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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6
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Gou R, Xiong S, Liang X, Wu H, Qin S, Li B, Luo C, Chen J. Relationship between Life's Essential 8 and metabolic syndrome among older Americans (NHANES, 2007-2010): navigating biological aging and inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1380464. [PMID: 38903808 PMCID: PMC11188479 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1380464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health concern, and it is particularly harmful to middle-aged and elderly individuals. Life Element Eight (LE8), a measure to improve cardiovascular health, may offer benefits for MetS. Herein, we examined the relationship between LE8 and MetS among middle-aged and elderly individuals, and elucidated the role of biological aging and inflammation in this process. Methods We obtained the LE8 scores of 2,901 Americans, along with their biological aging indicators (Biological age, Phenotypic age, Serum Klotho), and computed their inflammatory indicators SII, DII. Using logistic regression model, we assessed the association among inflammatory markers, Biological aging, LE8 and MetS. Additionally, we generated restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots to display trends in significant variables in logistic regression. Using parallel mediation analysis, we evaluated the possible mediating role of various factors in the risk relationship between LE8 and MetS. Results Our examination revealed that higher LE8 scores were associated with a lower incidence of MetS in a fully adjusted model. The high LE8 subgroup had a 79.73% reduction in the risk of MetS compared to the low subgroup with an OR = 0.2027 (95% Cl 0.0871, 0.4714), with similar correlations between health factor scores and MetS risk. Biological aging mediated the associations between LE8, health behaviors and health factor scores and MetS risk. Conclusion A rise in the LE8 score among middle-aged and elderly individuals is a protective factor for MetS, and this association may be partially mediated by biological aging, suggesting that LE8 may reduce the risk of MetS by ameliorating aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Gou
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Si Xiong
- Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xudong Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuitao Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Changjun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Junan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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7
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Mao X, Larsen SB, Zachariassen LSF, Brunse A, Adamberg S, Mejia JLC, Larsen F, Adamberg K, Nielsen DS, Hansen AK, Hansen CHF, Rasmussen TS. Transfer of modified gut viromes improves symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome in obese male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4704. [PMID: 38830845 PMCID: PMC11148109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome encompasses amongst other conditions like obesity and type-2 diabetes and is associated with gut microbiome (GM) dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been explored to treat metabolic syndrome by restoring the GM; however, concerns on accidentally transferring pathogenic microbes remain. As a safer alternative, fecal virome transplantation (FVT, sterile-filtrated feces) has the advantage over FMT in that mainly bacteriophages are transferred. FVT from lean male donors have shown promise in alleviating the metabolic effects of high-fat diet in a preclinical mouse study. However, FVT still carries the risk of eukaryotic viral infections. To address this, recently developed methods are applied for removing or inactivating eukaryotic viruses in the viral component of FVT. Modified FVTs are compared with unmodified FVT and saline in a diet-induced obesity model on male C57BL/6 N mice. Contrasted with obese control, mice administered a modified FVT (nearly depleted for eukaryotic viruses) exhibits enhanced blood glucose clearance but not weight loss. The unmodified FVT improves liver pathology and reduces the proportions of immune cells in the adipose tissue with a non-uniform response. GM analysis suggests that bacteriophage-mediated GM modulation influences outcomes. Optimizing these approaches could lead to the development of safe bacteriophage-based therapies targeting metabolic syndrome through GM restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Mao
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sabina Birgitte Larsen
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Line Sidsel Fisker Zachariassen
- Section of Preclinical Disease Biology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anders Brunse
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Signe Adamberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Josue Leonardo Castro Mejia
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Frej Larsen
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kaarel Adamberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Section of Preclinical Disease Biology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen
- Section of Preclinical Disease Biology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Torben Sølbeck Rasmussen
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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8
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Nikolic I, Ruiz-Garrido I, Crespo M, Romero-Becerra R, Leiva-Vega L, Mora A, León M, Rodríguez E, Leiva M, Plata-Gómez AB, Alvarez Flores MB, Torres JL, Hernández-Cosido L, López JA, Vázquez J, Efeyan A, Martin P, Marcos M, Sabio G. Lack of p38 activation in T cells increases IL-35 and protects against obesity by promoting thermogenesis. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2635-2661. [PMID: 38730210 PMCID: PMC11169359 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation, energy imbalance and impaired thermogenesis. The role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in inflammation-mediated maladaptive thermogenesis is not well established. Here, we find that the p38 pathway is a key regulator of T cell-mediated adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and browning. Mice with T cells specifically lacking the p38 activators MKK3/6 are protected against diet-induced obesity, leading to an improved metabolic profile, increased browning, and enhanced thermogenesis. We identify IL-35 as a driver of adipocyte thermogenic program through the ATF2/UCP1/FGF21 pathway. IL-35 limits CD8+ T cell infiltration and inflammation in AT. Interestingly, we find that IL-35 levels are reduced in visceral fat from obese patients. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that p38 controls the expression of IL-35 in human and mouse Treg cells through mTOR pathway activation. Our findings highlight p38 signaling as a molecular orchestrator of AT T cell accumulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikolic
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Irene Ruiz-Garrido
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - María Crespo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | | | - Luis Leiva-Vega
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Programme of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Programme of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marta León
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Programme of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Magdalena Leiva
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Plata-Gómez
- Programme of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | | | - Jorge L Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
- Complejo Asistencial de Zamora, Zamora, 49022, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hernández-Cosido
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio López
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Programme of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Martin
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- Programme of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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9
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Yang Z, Chen F, Zhang Y, Ou M, Tan P, Xu X, Li Q, Zhou S. Therapeutic targeting of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction in obesity: mechanisms and opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e560. [PMID: 38812572 PMCID: PMC11134193 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue is not only a highly heterogeneous organ containing various cells, such as adipocytes, adipose stem and progenitor cells, and immune cells, but also an endocrine organ that is highly important for regulating metabolic and immune homeostasis. In individuals with obesity, dynamic cellular changes in adipose tissue result in phenotypic switching and adipose tissue dysfunction, including pathological expansion, WAT fibrosis, immune cell infiltration, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ectopic lipid accumulation, ultimately leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Recently, many distinct subpopulations of adipose tissue have been identified, providing new insights into the potential mechanisms of adipose dysfunction in individuals with obesity. Therefore, targeting white adipose tissue as a therapeutic agent for treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases is of great scientific interest. Here, we provide an overview of white adipose tissue remodeling in individuals with obesity including cellular changes and discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction. Currently, various studies have uncovered promising targets and strategies for obesity treatment. We also outline the potential therapeutic signaling pathways of targeting adipose tissue and summarize existing therapeutic strategies for antiobesity treatment including pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions, and novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Han Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fang‐Zhou Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Xiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Min‐Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Poh‐Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xue‐Wen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qing‐Feng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuang‐Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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10
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Valentine Y, Nikolajczyk BS. T cells in obesity-associated inflammation: The devil is in the details. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38767210 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity presents a significant health challenge, affecting 41% of adults and 19.7% of children in the United States. One of the associated health challenges of obesity is chronic low-grade inflammation. In both mice and humans, T cells in circulation and in the adipose tissue play a pivotal role in obesity-associated inflammation. Changes in the numbers and frequency of specific CD4+ Th subsets and their contribution to inflammation through cytokine production indicate declining metabolic health, that is, insulin resistance and T2D. While some Th subset alterations are consistent between mice and humans with obesity, some changes mainly characterize male mice, whereas female mice often resist obesity and inflammation. However, protection from obesity and inflammation is not observed in human females, who can develop obesity-related T-cell inflammation akin to males. The decline in female sex hormones after menopause is also implicated in promoting obesity and inflammation. Age is a second underappreciated factor for defining and regulating obesity-associated inflammation toward translating basic science findings to the clinic. Weight loss in mice and humans, in parallel with these other factors, does not resolve obesity-associated inflammation. Instead, inflammation persists amid modest changes in CD4+ T cell frequencies, highlighting the need for further research into resolving changes in T-cell function after weight loss. How lingering inflammation after weight loss affecting the common struggle to maintain lower weight is unknown. Semaglutide, a newly popular pharmaceutical used for treating T2D and reversing obesity, holds promise for alleviating obesity-associated health complications, yet its impact on T-cell-mediated inflammation remains unexplored. Further work in this area could significantly contribute to the scientific understanding of the impacts of weight loss and sex/hormones in obesity and obesity-associated metabolic decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolander Valentine
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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11
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Wu J, Sun X, Jiang P. Metabolism-inflammasome crosstalk shapes innate and adaptive immunity. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:884-903. [PMID: 38759617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a central component of innate immunity and play a vital role in regulating innate immune response. Activation of inflammasomes is also indispensable for adaptive immunity, modulating the development and response of adaptive immunity. Recently, increasing studies have shown that metabolic alterations and adaptations strongly influence and regulate the differentiation and function of the immune system. In this review, we will take a holistic view of how inflammasomes bridge innate and adaptive (especially T cell) immunity and how inflammasomes crosstalk with metabolic signals during the immune responses. And, special attention will be paid to the metabolic control of inflammasome-mediated interactions between innate and adaptive immunity in disease. Understanding the metabolic regulatory functions of inflammasomes would provide new insights into future research directions in this area and may help to identify potential targets for inflammasome-associated diseases and broaden therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
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12
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Arrari F, Jabri MA, Ayari A, Dakhli N, Ben Fayala C, Boubaker S, Sebai H. Amino acid HPLC-FLD analysis of spirulina and its protective mechanism against the combination of obesity and colitis in wistar rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30103. [PMID: 38694088 PMCID: PMC11061748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The cafeteria diet (CD), designed as an experimental diet mimicking the obesogenic diet, may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study delves into the influence of spirulina (SP) on obesity associated with colitis in Wistar rats. Methods The amino acids composition of SP was analyzed using HPLC-FLD. Animals were equally separated into eight groups, each containing seven animals and treated daily for eight weeks as follows: Control diet (SD), cafeteria diet (CD) group, CD + SP (500 mg/kg) and SD + SP. Ulcerative colitis was provoked by rectal injection of acetic acid (AA) (3 % v/v, 5 ml/kg b.w.) on the last day of treatment in the following groups: SD + AA, SD + AA + SP, CD + AA, and CD + AA + SP. Results Findings revealed that UC and/or CD increased the abdominal fat, weights gain, and colons. Moreover, severe colonic alteration, perturbations in the serum metabolic parameters associated with an oxidative stress state in the colonic mucosa, defined by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased levels of plasma scavenging activity (PSA). Additionally, obesity exacerbated the severity of AA-induced UC promoting inflammation marked by the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Significantly, treatment with SP provided notable protection against inflammation severity, reduced histopathological alterations, attenuated lipid peroxidation (MDA), and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, and GPX) along with non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH and SH-G). Conclusions Thus, the antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory proprieties of SP could be attributed to its richness in amino acids, which could potentially mitigate inflammation severity in obese subjects suffering from ulcerative colitis. These results imply that SP hold promise as a therapeutic agent for managing of UC, particularly in individuals with concomitant obesity. Understanding SP's mechanisms of action may lead novel treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases and hyperlipidemia in medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Arrari
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Ala Ayari
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Dakhli
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Chayma Ben Fayala
- Laboratoire d'anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Laboratoire d'anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
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13
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Poxleitner M, Hoffmann SHL, Berezhnoy G, Ionescu TM, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Maier FC, Seyfried D, Ehrlichmann W, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Schmid AM, Reischl G, Trautwein C, Maurer A, Pichler BJ, Herfert K, Beziere N. Western diet increases brain metabolism and adaptive immune responses in a mouse model of amyloidosis. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:129. [PMID: 38745337 PMCID: PMC11092112 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced increase in body weight is a growing health concern worldwide. Often accompanied by a low-grade metabolic inflammation that changes systemic functions, diet-induced alterations may contribute to neurodegenerative disorder progression as well. This study aims to non-invasively investigate diet-induced metabolic and inflammatory effects in the brain of an APPPS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. [18F]FDG, [18F]FTHA, and [18F]GE-180 were used for in vivo PET imaging in wild-type and APPPS1 mice. Ex vivo flow cytometry and histology in brains complemented the in vivo findings. 1H- magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the liver, plasma metabolomics and flow cytometry of the white adipose tissue were used to confirm metaflammatory condition in the periphery. We found disrupted glucose and fatty acid metabolism after Western diet consumption, with only small regional changes in glial-dependent neuroinflammation in the brains of APPPS1 mice. Further ex vivo investigations revealed cytotoxic T cell involvement in the brains of Western diet-fed mice and a disrupted plasma metabolome. 1H-magentic resonance spectroscopy and immunological results revealed diet-dependent inflammatory-like misbalance in livers and fatty tissue. Our multimodal imaging study highlights the role of the brain-liver-fat axis and the adaptive immune system in the disruption of brain homeostasis in amyloid models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Poxleitner
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina H L Hoffmann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georgy Berezhnoy
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tudor M Ionescu
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian C Maier
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Seyfried
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Ehrlichmann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Schmid
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Beziere
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence CMFI (EXC 2124) "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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14
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Randall TD, Meza-Perez S. Immunity in adipose tissues: Cutting through the fat. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38733141 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Well known functions of adipose tissue include energy storage, regulation of thermogenesis, and glucose homeostasis-each of which are associated with the metabolic functions of fat. However, adipose tissues also have important immune functions. In this issue of Immunological Reviews, we present a series of articles that highlight the immune functions of adipose tissue, including the roles of specialized adipose-resident immune cells and fat-associated lymphoid structures. Importantly, immune cell functions in adipose tissues are often linked to the metabolic functions of adipocytes and vice versa. These reciprocal interactions and how they influence both immune and metabolic functions will be discussed in each article. In the first article, Wang et al.,11 discuss adipose-associated macrophages and how obesity and metabolism impact their phenotype and function. Several articles in this issue discuss T cells as either contributors to, or regulators of, inflammatory responses in adipose tissues. Valentine and Nikolajczyk12 provide insights into the role of T cells in obesity-associated inflammation and their contribution to metabolic dysfunction, whereas an article from Kallies and Vasanthakumar13 and another from Elkins and Li14 describe adipose-associated Tregs and how they help prevent inflammation and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Articles from Okabe35 as well as from Daley and Benezech15 discuss the structure and function of fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) that are prevalent in some adipose tissues and support local immune responses to pathogens, gut-derived microbes and fat-associated antigens. Finally, an article from Meher and McNamara16 describes how innate-like B1 cells in adipose tissues regulate cardiometabolic disease. Importantly, these articles highlight the physical and functional attributes of adipose tissues that are different between mice and humans, the metabolic and immune differences between various adipose depots in the body and the differences in immune cells, adipose tissues and metabolic functions between the sexes. At the end of this preface, we highlight how these differences are critically important for our understanding of anti-tumor immunity to cancers that metastasize to a specific example of visceral adipose tissue, the omentum. Together, these articles identify some unanswered mechanistic questions that will be important to address for a better understanding of immunity in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Selene Meza-Perez
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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15
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Priscilla L, Yoo C, Jang S, Park S, Lim G, Kim T, Lee DY. Immunotherapy targeting the obese white adipose tissue microenvironment: Focus on non-communicable diseases. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:461-476. [PMID: 38404641 PMCID: PMC10884763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity triggers inflammatory responses in the microenvironment of white adipose tissue, resulting in chronic systemic inflammation and the subsequent development of non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and breast cancer. Current therapy approaches for obesity-induced non-communicable diseases persist in prioritizing symptom remission while frequently overlooking the criticality of targeting and alleviating inflammation at its source. Accordingly, this review highlights the importance of the microenvironment of obese white adipose tissue and the promising potential of employing immunotherapy to target it as an effective therapeutic approach for non-communicable diseases induced by obesity. Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and offers perspective about the immunotherapy targeting the microenvironment of obese white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Priscilla
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaerim Yoo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmi Jang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewon Park
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) & Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Elixir Pharmatech Inc., Seoul, 07463, Republic of Korea
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16
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Bibi S, Naeem M, Mahmoud Mousa MF, Bahls M, Dörr M, Friedrich N, Nauck M, Bülow R, Völzke H, Markus MR, Ittermann T. Body composition markers are associated with changes in inflammatory markers but not vice versa: A bi-directional longitudinal analysis in a population-based sample. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1166-1174. [PMID: 38403482 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Growing body of evidence consistently link obesity and inflammation, Although the direction of the association is still unclear. We aimed to investigate longitudinal associations of body anthropometric, composition and fat distribution parameters with inflammatory markers and vice versa. METHOD AND RESULTS We used data from 2464 individuals of the SHIP-TREND cohort with a median follow-up of 7 years. Linear regression models adjusted for confounders were used to analyze associations of standardized body composition markers derived from classic anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline with changes in inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC), fibrinogen) and vice versa. Higher level of anthropometric markers at baseline were associated with an increase in the change of inflammatory markers. A 13.5 cm higher waist circumference (WC), 16.0 kg body weight and 7.76 % relative fat mass (FM) at baseline was associated with a change in CRP of 0.52 mg/L (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.29 to 0.74), 0.51 mg/L (95 % CI: 0.29; 0.74) and 0.58 mg/L (95 % CI: 0.34; 0.82) respectively. Absolute FM showed the strongest association with changes in serum fibrinogen levels (β for 8.69 kg higher FM: 0.07 g/L; 95 % CI: 0.05; 0.09). Baseline inflammatory markers were only associated with changes in hip circumference. CONCLUSION Our study indicates the importance of anthropometric, body composition and fat distribution markers as a risk factor for the development of inflammation. To prevent inflammatory-related complications, important is to take measures against the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Bibi
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (L), Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Farah Mahmoud Mousa
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Radiology and Neuradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcello Rp Markus
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
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17
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Wang Q, Hartig SM, Ballantyne CM, Wu H. The multifaceted life of macrophages in white adipose tissue: Immune shift couples with metabolic switch. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38683173 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a vital endocrine organ that regulates energy balance and metabolic homeostasis. In addition to fat cells, WAT harbors macrophages with distinct phenotypes that play crucial roles in immunity and metabolism. Nutrient demands cause macrophages to accumulate in WAT niches, where they remodel the microenvironment and produce beneficial or detrimental effects on systemic metabolism. Given the abundance of macrophages in WAT, this review summarizes the heterogeneity of WAT macrophages in physiological and pathological conditions, including their alterations in quantity, phenotypes, characteristics, and functions during WAT growth and development, as well as healthy or unhealthy expansion. We will discuss the interactions of macrophages with other cell partners in WAT including adipose stem cells, adipocytes, and T cells in the context of various microenvironment niches in lean or obese condition. Finally, we highlight how adipose tissue macrophages merge immunity and metabolic changes to govern energy balance for the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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18
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Avery D, Morandini L, Sheakley L, Grabiec M, Olivares-Navarrete R. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells reduce inflammation and promote bone healing in response to titanium implants. Acta Biomater 2024; 179:385-397. [PMID: 38554889 PMCID: PMC11045310 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
T cells are adaptive immune cells essential in pathogenic response, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. During the integration of biomaterials with host tissue, T cells modify the local inflammatory environment by releasing cytokines that promote inflammatory resolution following implantation. T cells are vital for the modulation of innate immune cells, recruitment and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and formation of functional tissue around the biomaterial implant. We have demonstrated that deficiency of αβ T cells promotes macrophage polarization towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype and attenuates MSC recruitment and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The goal of this study was to understand how CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, subsets of the αβ T cell family, impact the inflammatory response to titanium (Ti) biomaterials. Deficiency of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells increased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages, lowered anti-inflammatory macrophages, and diminished MSC recruitment in vitro and in vivo. In addition, new bone formation at the implantation site was significantly reduced in T cell-deficient mice compared to T cell-competent mice. Deficiency of CD4+ T cells exacerbated these effects compared to CD8+ T cell deficiency. Our results show the importance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in modulating the inflammatory response and promoting new bone formation in response to modified Ti implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are essential in modulating the peri-implant microenvironment during the inflammatory response to biomaterial implantation. This study shows that deficiency of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cell subsets altered macrophage polarization and reduced MSC recruitment and proliferation at the implantation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Avery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - Lais Morandini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - Luke Sheakley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - Melissa Grabiec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 70 S. Madison Street, Room 3328, Richmond, VA 23220, United States.
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19
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Lu F, Verleg SMNE, Groven RVM, Poeze M, van Griensven M, Blokhuis TJ. Is there a role for N1-N2 neutrophil phenotypes in bone regeneration? A systematic review. Bone 2024; 181:117021. [PMID: 38253189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to provide an overview of the multiple functions of neutrophils, with the recognition of the inflammatory (N1) and regenerative (N2) phenotypes, in relation to fracture healing. METHODS A literature search was performed using the PubMed database. The quality of the articles was evaluated using critical appraisal checklists. RESULTS Thirty one studies were included in this review. These studies consistently support that neutrophils exert both beneficial and detrimental effects on bone regeneration, influenced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin 8 (IL-8), mast cells, and macrophages. The N2 phenotype has recently emerged as one promoter of bone healing. The N1 phenotype has progressively been connected with inflammatory neutrophils during fracture healing. CONCLUSIONS This review has pinpointed various aspects and mechanisms of neutrophil influence on bone healing. The recognition of N1 and N2 neutrophil phenotypes potentially shed new light on the dynamic shifts taking place within the Fracture Hematoma (FH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Lu
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Samai M N E Verleg
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Rald V M Groven
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Martijn Poeze
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Taco J Blokhuis
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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20
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Matsumura K, Mori T, Dohi T, Kawamura YI, Takaki S. Composition of fatty acids in a high-fat diet affects adipose tissue inflammation by inducing calreticulin on adipocytes and activating group 1 innate lymphoid cells. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350800. [PMID: 38282083 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation plays a critical role in the development of metabolic diseases. For example, NK1.1+ group 1 innate lymphoid cells (G1-ILCs) in adipose tissues are activated in the early stages of inflammation in response to a high-fat diet (HFD). In this study, we examined whether the composition of fatty acids affected adipose inflammatory responses induced by an HFD. Mice were fed a stearic acid (C18:0)-rich HFD (HFD-S) or a linoleic acid (C18:2)-rich HFD (HFD-L). HFD-L-fed mice showed significant obesity compared with HFD-S-fed mice. Visceral and subcutaneous fat pads were enlarged and contained more NK1.1+KLRG1+ cells, indicating that G1-ILCs were activated in HFD-L-fed mice. We examined early changes in adipose tissues during the first week of HFD intake, and found that mice fed HFD-L showed increased levels of NK1.1+CD11b+KLRG1+ cells in adipose tissues. In adipose tissue culture, addition of 4-hydroxynonenal, the most frequent product of lipid peroxidation derived from unsaturated fatty acids, induced NK1.1+CD11b+CD27- cells. We found that calreticulin, a ligand for the NK activating receptor, was induced on the surface of adipocytes after exposure to 4-hydroxynonenal or a 1-week feeding with HFD-L. Thus, excess fatty acid intake and the activation of G1-ILCs initiate and/or modify adipose inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Matsumura
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taizo Mori
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Liver Disease, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taeko Dohi
- Clinical Research Advancement Section, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki I Kawamura
- Clinical Research Advancement Section, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takaki
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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21
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Peng C, Chen J, Wu R, Jiang H, Li J. Unraveling the complex roles of macrophages in obese adipose tissue: an overview. Front Med 2024; 18:205-236. [PMID: 38165533 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages, a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells, exhibit remarkable plasticity and play pivotal roles in coordinating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis within the context of metabolic diseases. The activation of inflammatory macrophages in obese adipose tissue leads to detrimental effects, inducing insulin resistance through increased inflammation, impaired thermogenesis, and adipose tissue fibrosis. Meanwhile, adipose tissue macrophages also play a beneficial role in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis by regulating angiogenesis, facilitating the clearance of dead adipocytes, and promoting mitochondrial transfer. Exploring the heterogeneity of macrophages in obese adipose tissue is crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of obesity and holds significant potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. Recently, the dual effects and some potential regulatory mechanisms of macrophages in adipose tissue have been elucidated using single-cell technology. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the intricate activation mechanisms and diverse functions of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity, as well as explore the potential of drug delivery systems targeting macrophages, aiming to enhance the understanding of current regulatory mechanisms that may be potentially targeted for treating obesity or metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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22
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Liao X, Zeng Q, Xie L, Zhang H, Hu W, Xiao L, Zhou H, Wang F, Xie W, Song J, Sun X, Wang D, Ding Y, Jiao Y, Mai W, Aini W, Hui X, Liu W, Hsueh WA, Deng T. Adipose stem cells control obesity-induced T cell infiltration into adipose tissue. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113963. [PMID: 38492218 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell infiltration into white adipose tissue (WAT) drives obesity-induced adipose inflammation, but the mechanisms of obesity-induced T cell infiltration into WAT remain unclear. Our single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a significant impact of adipose stem cells (ASCs) on T cells. Transplanting ASCs from obese mice into WAT enhances T cell accumulation. C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) is upregulated in ASCs as early as 4 weeks of high-fat diet feeding, coinciding with the onset of T cell infiltration into WAT during obesity. ASCs and bone marrow transplantation experiments demonstrate that CCL5 from ASCs plays a crucial role in T cell accumulation during obesity. The production of CCL5 in ASCs is induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha via the nuclear factor κB pathway. Overall, our findings underscore the pivotal role of ASCs in regulating T cell accumulation in WAT during the early phases of obesity, emphasizing their importance in modulating adaptive immunity in obesity-induced adipose inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Limin Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Haowei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wanyu Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Liuling Xiao
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77080, USA
| | - Hui Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Fanqi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wanqin Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha, Hunan 410028, China
| | - Jianfeng Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yujin Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yayi Jiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wuqian Mai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wufuer Aini
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery and Bariatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- The Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tuo Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Clinical Immunology Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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23
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Argentato PP, Guerra JVDS, Luzia LA, Ramos ES, Maschietto M, Rondó PHDC. Integrative network analysis of differentially methylated regions to study the impact of gestational weight gain on maternal metabolism and fetal-neonatal growth. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230203. [PMID: 38530405 PMCID: PMC10993311 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrative network analysis (INA) is important for identifying gene modules or epigenetically regulated molecular pathways in diseases. This study evaluated the effect of excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) on INA of differentially methylated regions, maternal metabolism and offspring growth. Brazilian women from "The Araraquara Cohort Study" with adequate pre-pregnancy body mass index were divided into EGWG (n=30) versus adequate gestational weight gain (AGWG, n=45) groups. The methylome analysis was performed on maternal blood using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Fetal-neonatal growth was assessed by ultrasound and anthropometry, respectively. Maternal lipid and glycemic profiles were investigated. Maternal triglycerides-TG (p=0.030) and total cholesterol (p=0.014); fetus occipito-frontal diameter (p=0.005); neonate head circumference-HC (p=0.016) and thoracic perimeter (p=0.020) were greater in the EGWG compared to the AGWG group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that maternal DNA methylation was associated with maternal TG and fasting insulin, fetal abdominal circumference, and fetal and neonate HC. The DMRs studied were enriched in 142 biological processes, 21 molecular functions,and 17 cellular components with terms directed for the fatty acids metabolism. Three DMGMs were identified:COL3A1, ITGA4 and KLRK1. INA targeted chronic diseases and maternal metabolism contributing to an epigenetic understanding of the involvement of GWG in maternal metabolism and fetal-neonatal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pizzi Argentato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Nutrição, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Victor da Silva Guerra
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio). Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Liania Alves Luzia
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Nutrição, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ester Silveira Ramos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Maschietto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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24
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Giovenzana A, Bezzecchi E, Bichisecchi A, Cardellini S, Ragogna F, Pedica F, Invernizzi F, Di Filippo L, Tomajer V, Aleotti F, Scotti GM, Socci C, Cesana G, Olmi S, Morelli MJ, Falconi M, Giustina A, Bonini C, Piemonti L, Ruggiero E, Petrelli A. Fat-to-blood recirculation of partially dysfunctional PD-1 +CD4 Tconv cells is associated with dysglycemia in human obesity. iScience 2024; 27:109032. [PMID: 38380252 PMCID: PMC10877684 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of T cells in insulin-sensitive tissues, including the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), that can interfere with the insulin signaling pathway eventually leading to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Here, we found that PD-1+CD4 conventional T (Tconv) cells, endowed with a transcriptomic and functional profile of partially dysfunctional cells, are diminished in VAT of obese patients with dysglycemia (OB-Dys), without a concomitant increase in apoptosis. These cells showed enhanced capacity to recirculate into the bloodstream and had a non-restricted TCRβ repertoire divergent from that of normoglycemic obese and lean individuals. PD-1+CD4 Tconv were reduced in the circulation of OB-Dys, exhibited an altered migration potential, and were detected in the liver of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The findings suggest a potential role for partially dysfunctional PD-1+CD4 Tconv cells as inter-organ mediators of IR in obese patients with dysglycemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Olmi
- San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Falconi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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25
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Moreira LR, Silva AC, da Costa-Oliveira CN, da Silva-Júnior CD, Oliveira KKDS, Torres DJL, Barros MD, Rabello MCDS, de Lorena VMB. Interaction between peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Trypanosoma cruzi-infected adipocytes: implications for treatment failure and induction of immunomodulatory mechanisms in adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1280877. [PMID: 38533504 PMCID: PMC10963431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1280877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Introduction Adipose tissue (AT) has been highlighted as a promising reservoir of infection for viruses, bacteria and parasites. Among them is Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. The recommended treatment for the disease in Brazil is Benznidazole (BZ). However, its efficacy may vary according to the stage of the disease, geographical origin, age, immune background of the host and sensitivity of the strains to the drug. In this context, AT may act as an ally for the parasite survival and persistence in the host and a barrier for BZ action. Therefore, we investigated the immunomodulation of T. cruzi-infected human AT in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) where BZ treatment was added. Methods We performed indirect cultivation between T. cruzi-infected adipocytes, PBMC and the addition of BZ. After 72h of treatment, the supernatant was collected for cytokine, chemokine and adipokine assay. Infected adipocytes were removed to quantify T. cruzi DNA, and PBMC were removed for immunophenotyping. Results Our findings showed elevated secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) in the AT+PBMC condition compared to the other controls. In contrast, there was a decrease in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-8/CXCL-8 in the groups with AT. We also found high adipsin secretion in PBMC+AT+T compared to the treated condition (PBMC+AT+T+BZ). Likewise, the expression of CD80+ and HLA-DR+ in CD14+ cells decreased in the presence of T. cruzi. Discussion Thus, our findings indicate that AT promotes up-regulation of inflammatory products such as IL-6, IL-2, and MCP-1/CCL2. However, adipogenic inducers may have triggered the downregulation of TNF and IL-8/CXCL8 through the peroxisome proliferator agonist gamma (PPAR-g) or receptor expression. On the other hand, the administration of BZ only managed to reduce inflammation in the microenvironment by decreasing adipsin in the infected culture conditions. Therefore, given the findings, we can see that AT is an ally of the parasite in evading the host's immune response and the pharmacological action of BZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyllane Rafael Moreira
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Claudeir Dias da Silva-Júnior
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Diego José Lira Torres
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Recife, Brazil
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26
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Ramirez Bustamante CE, Agarwal N, Cox AR, Hartig SM, Lake JE, Balasubramanyam A. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Energy Balance Paradigms in People Living With HIV. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:190-209. [PMID: 37556371 PMCID: PMC10911955 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 4 decades, the clinical care of people living with HIV (PLWH) evolved from treatment of acute opportunistic infections to the management of chronic, noncommunicable comorbidities. Concurrently, our understanding of adipose tissue function matured to acknowledge its important endocrine contributions to energy balance. PLWH experience changes in the mass and composition of adipose tissue depots before and after initiating antiretroviral therapy, including regional loss (lipoatrophy), gain (lipohypertrophy), or mixed lipodystrophy. These conditions may coexist with generalized obesity in PLWH and reflect disturbances of energy balance regulation caused by HIV persistence and antiretroviral therapy drugs. Adipocyte hypertrophy characterizes visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depot expansion, as well as ectopic lipid deposition that occurs diffusely in the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart. PLWH with excess visceral adipose tissue exhibit adipokine dysregulation coupled with increased insulin resistance, heightening their risk for cardiovascular disease above that of the HIV-negative population. However, conventional therapies are ineffective for the management of cardiometabolic risk in this patient population. Although the knowledge of complex cardiometabolic comorbidities in PLWH continues to expand, significant knowledge gaps remain. Ongoing studies aimed at understanding interorgan communication and energy balance provide insights into metabolic observations in PLWH and reveal potential therapeutic targets. Our review focuses on current knowledge and recent advances in HIV-associated adipose tissue dysfunction, highlights emerging adipokine paradigms, and describes critical mechanistic and clinical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Ramirez Bustamante
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Neeti Agarwal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jordan E Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Susca N, Leone P, Prete M, Cozzio S, Racanelli V. Adipose failure through adipocyte overload and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103502. [PMID: 38101692 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome poses a great worldwide threat to the health of the patients. Increased visceral adiposity is recognized as the main determinant of the detrimental clinical effects of insulin resistance. Inflammation and immune system activation in the adipose tissue (AT) have a central role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome, but the mechanisms linking increased adiposity to immunity in the AT remain in part elusive. In this review, we support the central role of adipocyte overload and relative adipose failure as key determinants in triggering immune aggression to AT. This provides a mechanistic explanation of the relative metabolic wellness of metabolically normal obese people and the disruption in insulin signaling in metabolically obese lean people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Susca
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Susanna Cozzio
- U.O. di Medicina Interna, Ospedale di Rovereto, Azienda Sanitaria per i Servizi Provinciali di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Centre for Medical Sciences - CISMed, University of Trento and Department of Internal Medicine, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy.
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Rodríguez A, Martín-Loeches I, Moreno G, Díaz E, Ferré C, Salgado M, Marín-Corral J, Estella A, Solé-Violán J, Trefler S, Zaragoza R, Socias L, Borges-Sa M, Restrepo MI, Guardiola JJ, Reyes LF, Albaya-Moreno A, Berlanga AC, Ortiz MDV, Ballesteros JC, Chinesta SS, Laderas JCP, Gómez J, Bodí M. Association of obesity on the outcome of critically ill patients affected by COVID-19. Med Intensiva 2024; 48:142-154. [PMID: 37923608 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of obesity on ICU mortality. DESIGN Observational, retrospective, multicentre study. SETTING Intensive Care Unit (ICU). PATIENTS Adults patients admitted with COVID-19 and respiratory failure. INTERVENTIONS None. PRIMARY VARIABLES OF INTEREST Collected data included demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory tests and ICU outcomes. Body mass index (BMI) impact on ICU mortality was studied as (1) a continuous variable, (2) a categorical variable obesity/non-obesity, and (3) as categories defined a priori: underweight, normal, overweight, obesity and Class III obesity. The impact of obesity on mortality was assessed by multiple logistic regression and Smooth Restricted cubic (SRC) splines for Cox hazard regression. RESULTS 5,206 patients were included, 20 patients (0.4%) as underweight, 887(17.0%) as normal, 2390(46%) as overweight, 1672(32.1) as obese and 237(4.5%) as class III obesity. The obesity group patients (n = 1909) were younger (61 vs. 65 years, p < 0.001) and with lower severity scores APACHE II (13 [9-17] vs. 13[10-17, p < 0.01) than non-obese. Overall ICU mortality was 28.5% and not different for obese (28.9%) or non-obese (28.3%, p = 0.65). Only Class III obesity (OR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.44-3.34) was associated with ICU mortality in the multivariate and SRC analysis. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 patients with a BMI > 40 are at high risk of poor outcomes in the ICU. An effective vaccination schedule and prolonged social distancing should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rodríguez
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain; Universidad Rovira & Virgili/Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virigili/CIBERES, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Martín-Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gerard Moreno
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Emili Díaz
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Spain.
| | - Cristina Ferré
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Melina Salgado
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | - Angel Estella
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
| | - Jordi Solé-Violán
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin/Universidad Fernando Pessoa, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Sandra Trefler
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Zaragoza
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lorenzo Socias
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Son Llatzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Marcio Borges-Sa
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Son Llatzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Marcos I Restrepo
- Medical Intensive Care Unit South Texas Veterans Health Care System Audie L. Murphy Division/University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Juan J Guardiola
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center/University of Louisville, Louisville, USA.
| | - Luis F Reyes
- Unisabana Center for Translational Science, Universidad de La Sabana, Clinica Universidadde La Sabana, Chía, Colombia/Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Antonio Albaya-Moreno
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josep Gómez
- Technical Secretary, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Joan XXIII/URV, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - María Bodí
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain; Universidad Rovira & Virgili/Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virigili/CIBERES, Tarragona, Spain.
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Abdalla M, El-Arabey AA, Gai Z. PDL-1 and insulin resistance in obesity: a possible pathway for macrovascular disease. Hum Cell 2024; 37:568-570. [PMID: 38267700 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohnad Abdalla
- Research Institute of Pediatrics Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children's Hospital), Jinan, China
| | - Amr Ahmed El-Arabey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
| | - Zhongtao Gai
- Research Institute of Pediatrics Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children's Hospital), Jinan, China.
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Tylutka A, Morawin B, Walas Ł, Zembron-Lacny A. Does excess body weight accelerate immune aging? Exp Gerontol 2024; 187:112377. [PMID: 38346543 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity in older adults increase the risk of a range of comorbidities by sustaining chronic inflammation and thus enhancing immunosenescence. This study aimed to assess whether excess body mass affected disproportion in T lymphocytes. Therefore, the study was designed to explain whether excess body mass in older individuals affected the disproportion in numbers of T lymphocytes and whether anthropometric indices and immune risk profile expressed as CD4/CD8 ratio are diagnostically useful in the analysis of immunosenescence. MATERIALS & METHODS One hundred three individuals aged 73.6 ± 3.1 years were allocated to the normal body mass (body mass index (BMI) 18.5-24.9 kg/m2,n = 39), the pre-obesity (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2, n = 44) or the obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, n = 20) group, based on WHO recommendations. Details on the subjects' medical history and lifestyle were obtained by health questionnaire. Anthropometric analysis was performed by bioelectrical impedance method, biochemical analysis was made by the automatic analyzer and ELISA immunoassays, and T and B lymphocyte counts were determined by eight-parameter flow cytometry. Additionally, visceral adiposity index, body adiposity index (BAI), and body shape index (ABSI) were evaluated based on body circumference, BMI and lipid-lipoprotein profile measurements. RESULTS The highest percentage of CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes (59.4 ± 12.6 %) and the lowest CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes (31.6 ± 10.0 %) were noted in patients the obesity group. The highest cut-off value of 1.9 for CD4/CD8 ratio was recorded in the normal body mass vs pre-obesity model. CD4/CD8 ratio > 2.5 was recorded in >20 % of our pre-obesity and obesity groups while 64.5 % of the normal body mass group had CD4/CD8 ratio < 1. High diagnostic usefulness was demonstrated for both BAI and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (AUC values of ~0.800 and ~ 0.900 respectively) in three models: normal body mass vs pre-obesity, normal body mass vs obesity, and pre-obesity vs obesity. CONCLUSION The odds ratios (OR) for CD4/CD8 ratio in the normal body mass vs obesity model (OR = 16.1, 95%CI 3.8-93.6) indicated a potential diagnostic value of T lymphocytes for clinical prognosis of immune aging in relation to excess body weight in older adults. High values of AUC obtained for the following models: CD4/CD8 + BAI (AUC = 0.927), CD4/CD8 + LAP (AUC = 1.00), CD4/CD8 + ABSI (AUC = 0.865) proved to provide excellent discrimination between older adults with obesity and with normal body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tylutka
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Barbara Morawin
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Walas
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, Poland.
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31
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Ackermann J, Arndt L, Fröba J, Lindhorst A, Glaß M, Kirstein M, Hobusch C, Wunderlich FT, Braune J, Gericke M. IL-6 signaling drives self-renewal and alternative activation of adipose tissue macrophages. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1201439. [PMID: 38482013 PMCID: PMC10933059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1201439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue (AT) and an increase of AT macrophages (ATMs) that is linked to the onset of type 2 diabetes. We have recently shown that neutralization of interleukin (IL)-6 in obese AT organ cultures inhibits proliferation of ATMs, which occurs preferentially in alternatively activated macrophage phenotype. Methods In this study, we investigated AT biology and the metabolic phenotype of mice with myeloid cell-specific IL-6Rα deficiency (Il6ra Δmyel) after normal chow and 20 weeks of high-fat diet focusing on AT inflammation, ATM polarization and proliferation. Using organotypical AT culture and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) of IL-4Rα knockout mice (Il4ra -/-) we studied IL-6 signaling. Results Obese Il6ra Δmyel mice exhibited no differences in insulin sensitivity or histological markers of AT inflammation. Notably, we found a reduction of ATMs expressing the mannose receptor 1 (CD206), as well as a decrease of the proliferation marker Ki67 in ATMs of Il6ra Δmyel mice. Importantly, organotypical AT culture and BMDM data of Il4ra -/- mice revealed that IL-6 mediates a shift towards the M2 phenotype independent from the IL-6/IL-4Rα axis. Discussion Our results demonstrate IL-4Rα-independent anti-inflammatory effects of IL-6 on macrophages and the ability of IL-6 to maintain proliferation rates in obese AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ackermann
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lilli Arndt
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Janine Fröba
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michaela Kirstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Research Group for Obesity and Cancer, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Braune
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Dai C, Wang D, Tao Q, Li Z, Zhai P, Wang Y, Hou M, Cheng S, Qi W, Zheng L, Yao H. CD8 + T and NK cells characterized by upregulation of NPEPPS and ABHD17A are associated with the co-occurrence of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1267963. [PMID: 38464509 PMCID: PMC10921359 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1267963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are closely related. The function of immunocytes in the pathogenesis of CAD and T2DM has not been extensively studied. The quantitative bioinformatics analysis of the public RNA sequencing database was applied to study the key genes that mediate both CAD and T2DM. The biological characteristics of associated key genes and mechanism of CD8+ T and NK cells in CAD and T2DM are our research focus. Methods With expression profiles of GSE66360 and GSE78721 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we identified core modules associated with gene co-expression relationships and up-regulated genes in CAD and T2DM using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and the 'limma' software package. The enriched pathways of the candidate hub genes were then explored using GO, KEGG and GSEA in conjunction with the immune gene set (from the MSigDB database). A diagnostic model was constructed using logistic regression analysis composed of candidate hub genes in CAD and T2DM. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values for candidate hub genes in diagnostic model, while CIBERSORT and immune infiltration were used to assess the immune microenvironment. Finally, monocytes from peripheral blood samples and their immune cell ratios were analyzed by flow cytometry to validate our findings. Results Sixteen candidate hub genes were identified as being correlated with immune infiltration. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that NPEPPS and ABHD17A were highly correlated with the diagnosis of CAD and T2DM. The results indicate that CD8+ T cells (p = 0.04) and NKbright cells (p = 3.7e-3) are significantly higher in healthy controls than in individuals with CAD or CAD combined with T2DM. The bioinformatics results on immune infiltration were well validated by flow cytometry. Conclusions A series of bioinformatics studies have shown ABHD17A and NPEPPS as key genes for the co-occurrence of CAD and T2DM. Our study highlights the important effect of CD8+ T and NK cells in the pathogenesis of both diseases, indicating that they may serve as viable targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Dai
- Department of Cadre Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Damu Wang
- Department of Cadre Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qianqian Tao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yingying Wang
- Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Hou
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Simin Cheng
- Department of Cadre Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Longyi Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaifang Yao
- Department of Cadre Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Procaccini C, de Candia P, Russo C, De Rosa G, Lepore MT, Colamatteo A, Matarese G. Caloric restriction for the immunometabolic control of human health. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2787-2800. [PMID: 36848376 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition affects all physiological processes occurring in our body, including those related to the function of the immune system; indeed, metabolism has been closely associated with the differentiation and activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells. While excessive energy intake and adiposity have been demonstrated to cause systemic inflammation, several clinical and experimental evidence show that calorie restriction (CR), not leading to malnutrition, is able to delay aging and exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in different pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the ability of different CR-related nutritional strategies to control autoimmune, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases, as tested by preclinical studies and human clinical trials, with a specific focus on the immunological aspects of these interventions. In particular, we recapitulate the state of the art on the cellular and molecular mechanisms pertaining to immune cell metabolic rewiring, regulatory T cell expansion, and gut microbiota composition, which possibly underline the beneficial effects of CR. Although studies are still needed to fully evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the nutritional intervention in clinical practice, the experimental observations discussed here suggest a relevant role of CR in lowering the inflammatory state in a plethora of different pathologies, thus representing a promising therapeutic strategy for the control of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola de Candia
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Russo
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy De Rosa
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Lepore
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Satoh M, Iwabuchi K. Contribution of NKT cells and CD1d-expressing cells in obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365843. [PMID: 38426085 PMCID: PMC10902011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cell are members of the innate-like T lymphocytes and recognizes lipid antigens presented by CD1d-expressing cells. Obesity-associated inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) leads to metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance. When cellular communication is properly regulated among AT-residing immune cells and adipocytes during inflammation, a favorable balance of Th1 and Th2 immune responses is achieved. NKT cells play crucial roles in AT inflammation, influencing the development of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. NKT cells interact with CD1d-expressing cells in AT, such as adipocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, shaping pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory microenvironments with distinct characteristics depending on the antigen-presenting cells. Additionally, CD1d may be involved in the inflammatory process independently of NKT cells. In this mini-review, we provide a brief overview of the current understanding of the interaction between immune cells, focusing on NKT cells and CD1d signaling, which control AT inflammation both in the presence and absence of NKT cells. We aim to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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35
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Bradley D, Deng T, Shantaram D, Hsueh WA. Orchestration of the Adipose Tissue Immune Landscape by Adipocytes. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:199-223. [PMID: 38345903 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-024353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is epidemic and of great concern because of its comorbid and costly inflammatory-driven complications. Extensive investigations in mice have elucidated highly coordinated, well-balanced interactions between adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissue that maintain normal systemic metabolism in the lean state, while in obesity, proinflammatory changes occur in nearly all adipose tissue immune cells. Many of these changes are instigated by adipocytes. However, less is known about obesity-induced adipose-tissue immune cell alterations in humans. Upon high-fat diet feeding, the adipocyte changes its well-known function as a metabolic cell to assume the role of an immune cell, orchestrating proinflammatory changes that escalate inflammation and progress during obesity. This transformation is particularly prominent in humans. In this review, we (a) highlight a leading and early role for adipocytes in promulgating inflammation, (b) discuss immune cell changes and the time course of these changes (comparing humans and mice when possible), and (c) note how reversing proinflammatory changes in most types of immune cells, including adipocytes, rescues adipose tissue from inflammation and obese mice from insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradley
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pennsylvania State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Tuo Deng
- Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dharti Shantaram
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
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Behrooz AB, Cordani M, Fiore A, Donadelli M, Gordon JW, Klionsky DJ, Ghavami S. The obesity-autophagy-cancer axis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 99:24-44. [PMID: 38309540 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, a self-degradative process vital for cellular homeostasis, plays a significant role in adipose tissue metabolism and tumorigenesis. This review aims to elucidate the complex interplay between autophagy, obesity, and cancer development, with a specific emphasis on how obesity-driven changes affect the regulation of autophagy and subsequent implications for cancer risk. The burgeoning epidemic of obesity underscores the relevance of this research, particularly given the established links between obesity, autophagy, and various cancers. Our exploration delves into hormonal influence, notably INS (insulin) and LEP (leptin), on obesity and autophagy interactions. Further, we draw attention to the latest findings on molecular factors linking obesity to cancer, including hormonal changes, altered metabolism, and secretory autophagy. We posit that targeting autophagy modulation may offer a potent therapeutic approach for obesity-associated cancer, pointing to promising advancements in nanocarrier-based targeted therapies for autophagy modulation. However, we also recognize the challenges inherent to these approaches, particularly concerning their precision, control, and the dual roles autophagy can play in cancer. Future research directions include identifying novel biomarkers, refining targeted therapies, and harmonizing these approaches with precision medicine principles, thereby contributing to a more personalized, effective treatment paradigm for obesity-mediated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Liu Y, Cui B, Zhang P, Xiao S, Duan D, Ding Y. Polymicrobial Infection Induces Adipose Tissue Dysfunction via Gingival Extracellular Vesicles. J Dent Res 2024; 103:187-196. [PMID: 38095271 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231211210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that periodontitis promotes metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance by affecting the function of white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the mechanisms linking periodontitis to adipose tissue dysfunction still need to be explored. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) deliver messages to distal sites and regulate their function. Also, recent studies have shown that periodontitis changes the composition of EVs in body fluids and that EVs might be one of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between periodontitis and insulin resistance. Herein, we explored the impact of polymicrobial oral infection with periodontal pathogens on the function of WAT and the role of gingival EVs (gEVs) in the process. Mice were subjected to oral inoculation with 109 Porphyromonas gingivalis and 108 Fusobacterium nucleatum every other day for 14 wk. This prolonged bacterial infection induced WAT dysfunction, characterized by reduced levels of AKT phosphorylation, adiponectin, leptin, and genes associated with adipogenesis and lipogenesis. We successfully isolated gEVs with satisfactory yield and purity. The RNA sequencing results showed that the differentially expressed microRNAs in the gEVs of mice with polymicrobial oral infection were involved in insulin signaling and adipose tissue function. Notably, our in vitro experiments and RNA sequencing results revealed the functional similarities between gEVs and plasma-derived EVs. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection with gEVs derived from mice with oral infection induced the dysfunction of WAT in healthy mice. Overall, our findings provide evidence for the influence of polymicrobial oral infection on WAT function and propose gEVs as a novel pathway through which periodontal infection may exert its effects on WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Rivero-Moreno Y, Garcia A, Rivas-Perez M, Coa-Bracho J, Salcedo Y, Gonzalez-Quinde G, Montero-Palma E, Valdivia-Sepulveda D, Paz-Castillo M, Machado-Paled D, Garcia-Cazorla W, Acero-Alvarracín K, Tarabey-Yunis L, Estrella-Gaibor C. Effect of Obesity on Surgical Outcomes and Complication Rates in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e54470. [PMID: 38510855 PMCID: PMC10953840 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the primary public health problems faced by children. The increased incidence of obesity in the pediatric population poses significant challenges during and after surgical procedures. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to understand to what extent obesity is to surgical complications in pediatric patients. A systematic database search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct was performed in June 2023. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two evaluators independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation of the retrieved literature. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score was used for quality evaluation, and a meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software 5.4.1. A total of 1,170 relevant articles were initially identified, and 20 articles were finally included for data extraction and meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with normal-weight individuals, obese pediatric patients had a higher risk of developing surgical site infection (SSI) (relative risk (RR) = 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33-2.00), wound dehiscence (RR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.24-3.23), and underwent procedures that were 11.32 minutes longer (95% CI = 5.36-17.29). There were no differences in bleeding requiring transfusion, deep venous thromboembolism, postoperative abscess rate, and length of stay. Obese pediatric patients have a higher risk of SSI and dehiscence, along with a longer operative time. The established risks in obese adults undergoing surgery suggest a similar risk for obese pediatric patients. The findings of this study hold significant implications for clinical practice, suggesting the potential for additional measures to prevent surgical complications in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad de Oriente, Ciudad Bolivar, VEN
| | | | - Jesus Coa-Bracho
- Department of Surgery, Hospital de Talagante, Santiago de Chile, CHL
| | - Yoalkris Salcedo
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Iberoamericana, Santo Domingo, DOM
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katheryn Acero-Alvarracín
- Department of General Surgery, Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Guayaquil, ECU
| | - Laila Tarabey-Yunis
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Lara, VEN
| | - Cesar Estrella-Gaibor
- Department of General Surgery, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Hospital Esmeraldas sur Delfina Torres de Concha, Quito, ECU
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Liu Y, Hu G, Jia Y, Qin L, Xu L, Chang Y, Li B, Li H. Wnt10b knockdown regulates the relative balance of adipose tissue-resident T cells and inhibits white fat deposition. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:272. [PMID: 38302806 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt10b is one of critical Wnt family members that being involved in networks controlling stemness, pluripotency and cell fate decisions. However, its role in adipose-resident T lymphocytes and further in fat metabolism yet remains largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we demonstrated a distinctive effect for Wnt10b on the relative balance of T lymphocytes in adipose tissue by using a Wnt10b knockdown mouse model. Wnt10b knockdown led to a reduction of adipose-resident CD4+ T cells and an elevation of Foxp3+/CD4+ Treg cells. Wnt10b-knockdown mice fed with standard diet showed less white fat deposition owing to the suppressed adipogenic process. Moreover, under high fat diet conditions, Wnt10b knockdown resulted in an alleviated obesity symptoms, as well as an improvement of glucose homeostasis and hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we reveal an unexpected and novel function for Wnt10b in mediating the frequency of adipose-resident T cell subsets, that when knockdown skewing toward a Treg-dominated phenotype and further improving fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Geng Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yanxin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lining Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Longfei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yaxin Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Su T, He Y, Huang Y, Ye M, Guo Q, Xiao Y, Cai G, Chen L, Li C, Zhou H, Luo X. Myeloid-derived grancalcin instigates obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:97. [PMID: 38167327 PMCID: PMC10762069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the bone and adipose tissue is known to orchestrate metabolic homeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Herein, we find that GCA + (grancalcin) immune cells accumulate in the bone marrow and release a considerable amount of GCA into circulation during obesity. Genetic deletion of Gca in myeloid cells attenuates metabolic dysfunction in obese male mice, whereas injection of recombinant GCA into male mice causes adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, we found that GCA binds to the Prohibitin-2 (PHB2) receptor on adipocytes and activates the innate and adaptive immune response of adipocytes via the PAK1-NF-κB signaling pathway, thus provoking the infiltration of inflammatory immune cells. Moreover, we show that GCA-neutralizing antibodies improve adipose tissue inflammation and insulin sensitivity in obese male mice. Together, these observations define a mechanism whereby bone marrow factor GCA initiates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, showing that GCA could be a potential target to treat metainflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Su
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yue He
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Mingsheng Ye
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Guangping Cai
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Linyun Chen
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Jiang Y, Gong F. Immune cells in adipose tissue microenvironment under physiological and obese conditions. Endocrine 2024; 83:10-25. [PMID: 37768512 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review will focus on the immune cells in adipose tissue microenvironment and their regulatory roles in metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue and even the whole body under physiological and obese conditions. METHODS This review used PubMed searches of current literature to examine adipose tissue immune cells and cytokines, as well as the complex interactions between them. RESULTS Aside from serving as a passive energy depot, adipose tissue has shown specific immunological function. Adipose tissue microenvironment is enriched with a large number of immune cells and cytokines, whose physiological regulation plays a crucial role for metabolic homeostasis. However, obesity causes pro-inflammatory alterations in these adipose tissue immune cells, which have detrimental effects on metabolism and increase the susceptibility of individuals to the obesity related diseases. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue microenvironment is enriched with various immune cells and cytokines, which regulate metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue and even the whole body, whether under physiological or obese conditions. Targeting key immune cells and cytokines in adipose tissue microenvironment for obesity treatment becomes an attractive research point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Klein Hazebroek M, Baars A, Mischke M, Oosting A, van Schothorst EM, Schipper L. Early-Life Exposure to Dietary Large Phospholipid-Coated Lipid Droplets Improves Markers of Metabolic and Immune Function in Adipose Tissue Later in Life in a Mouse Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300470. [PMID: 37985953 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Human milk (HM) is considered optimal nutrition for infants, beneficially programming adult health outcomes including reduced obesity risk. Early life exposure to infant formula with lipid droplets closely resembling the structural properties of HM lipid globules (Nuturis) attenuated white adipose tissue (WAT) accumulation in mice upon adult western-style diet (WSD) feeding. Here, the study aims to elucidate underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are raised on control or Nuturis diets between postnatal days 16-42 followed by either standard diet or WSD for 16 weeks. While the adult body composition of mice on a standard diet is not significantly affected, Nuturis reduced adiposity in mice on WSD. Morphologically, mean adipocyte size is reduced in Nuturis-raised mice, independent of adult diet exposure, and WAT macrophage content is reduced, albeit not significantly. Transcriptomics of epididymal WAT indicate potential beneficial effects on energy metabolism and macrophage function by Nuturis. CONCLUSION Reduced adult adiposity by early life exposure to Nuturis appears to be associated with smaller adipocytes and alterations in WAT immune and energy metabolism. These results suggest that early modulation of WAT structure and/or function may contribute to the protective programming effects of the early-life Nuturis diet on later-life adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlou Klein Hazebroek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mona Mischke
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | | | - Evert M van Schothorst
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, The Netherlands
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Bailin SS, Koethe JR, Rebeiro PF. The pathogenesis of obesity in people living with HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024; 19:6-13. [PMID: 37934696 PMCID: PMC10842175 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The public health challenge of overweight and obesity increasingly affects people living with HIV (PWH). These effects have also accelerated as the prevalence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) use has increased among PWH. It is therefore also critical that we examine and understand the pathogenesis of obesity among PWH.This review will aim to summarize relevant and recent literature related to the risks of weight gain and obesity associated with HIV disease progression, cardiometabolic disease, and multimorbidity among PWH. Further, we will discuss adipose tissue changes associated with weight gain and obesity and how these changes relate to metabolic complications. RECENT FINDINGS Several observational and experimental studies in recent years have evaluated the role of contemporary ART regimens, particularly integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), as contributors to weight gain, obesity, and cardiometabolic disease, though the mechanisms remain unclear. Metabolic dysregulation has also been linked to ectopic fat deposition and alterations in innate and adaptive immune cell populations in adipose tissue that accompany HIV and obesity. These factors continue to contribute to an increasing burden of metabolic diseases in an aging HIV population. SUMMARY Obesity accompanies an increasing burden of metabolic disease among PWH, and understanding the role of fat partitioning and HIV and ART-related adipose tissue dysfunction may guide prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John R Koethe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Peter F Rebeiro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Jacks RD, Lumeng CN. Macrophage and T cell networks in adipose tissue. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:50-61. [PMID: 37872302 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The signals and structure of the tissues in which leukocytes reside critically mould leukocyte function and development and have challenged our fundamental understanding of how to define and categorize tissue-resident immune cells. One specialized tissue niche that has a powerful effect on immune cell function is adipose tissue. The field of adipose tissue leukocyte biology has expanded dramatically and has revealed how tissue niches can shape immune cell function and reshape them in a setting of metabolic stress, such as obesity. Most notably, adipose tissue macrophages and T cells are under intense investigation due to their contributions to adipose tissue in the lean and obese states. Both adipose tissue macrophages and T cells have features associated with the metabolic function of adipose tissue that are distinct from features of macrophages and T cells that are classically characterized in other tissues. This Review provides state-of-the-art understanding of adipose tissue macrophages and T cells and discusses how their unique niche can help us to better understand diversity in leukocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiah D Jacks
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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El Safadi D, Paulo-Ramos A, Hoareau M, Roche M, Krejbich-Trotot P, Viranaicken W, Lebeau G. The Influence of Metabolism on Immune Response: A Journey to Understand Immunometabolism in the Context of Viral Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:2399. [PMID: 38140640 PMCID: PMC10748259 DOI: 10.3390/v15122399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of the concept of immunometabolism has shed light on the pivotal role that cellular metabolism plays in both the activation of immune cells and the development of immune programs. The antiviral response, a widely distributed defense mechanism used by infected cells, serves to not only control infections but also to attenuate their deleterious effects. The exploration of the role of metabolism in orchestrating the antiviral response represents a burgeoning area of research, especially considering the escalating incidence of viral outbreaks coupled with the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases. Here, we present a review of current knowledge regarding immunometabolism and the antiviral response during viral infections. Initially, we delve into the concept of immunometabolism by examining its application in the field of cancer-a domain that has long spearheaded inquiries into this fascinating intersection of disciplines. Subsequently, we explore examples of immune cells whose activation is intricately regulated by metabolic processes. Progressing with a systematic and cellular approach, our aim is to unravel the potential role of metabolism in antiviral defense, placing significant emphasis on the innate and canonical interferon response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daed El Safadi
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
| | - Aurélie Paulo-Ramos
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Campus Santé de Terre Sainte, 97410 Saint-Pierre, France; (A.P.-R.)
| | - Mathilde Hoareau
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Campus Santé de Terre Sainte, 97410 Saint-Pierre, France; (A.P.-R.)
| | - Marjolaine Roche
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Campus Santé de Terre Sainte, 97410 Saint-Pierre, France; (A.P.-R.)
| | - Grégorie Lebeau
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
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Tran V, Brettle H, Diep H, Dinh QN, O'Keeffe M, Fanson KV, Sobey CG, Lim K, Drummond GR, Vinh A, Jelinic M. Sex-specific effects of a high fat diet on aortic inflammation and dysfunction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21644. [PMID: 38062083 PMCID: PMC10703842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and vascular dysfunction are independent and sexually dimorphic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A high fat diet (HFD) is often used to model obesity in mice, but the sex-specific effects of this diet on aortic inflammation and function are unclear. Therefore, we characterized the aortic immune cell profile and function in 6-week-old male and female C57BL/6 mice fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD for 10 weeks. Metabolic parameters were measured weekly and fortnightly. At end point, aortic immune cell populations and endothelial function were characterized using flow cytometry and wire myography. HFD-male mice had higher bodyweight, blood cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels than NCD mice (P < 0.05). HFD did not alter systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycated hemoglobin or blood triglycerides in either sex. HFD-females had delayed increases in bodyweight with a transient increase in fasting blood glucose at week 8 (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed fewer proinflammatory aortic monocytes in females fed a HFD compared to NCD. HFD did not affect aortic leukocyte populations in males. Conversely, HFD impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, but only in males. Overall, this highlights biological sex as a key factor determining vascular disease severity in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Tran
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly Brettle
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry Diep
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Quynh Nhu Dinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Maeve O'Keeffe
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kerry V Fanson
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyungjoon Lim
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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47
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Hildreth AD, Padilla ET, Gupta M, Wong YY, Sun R, Legala AR, O'Sullivan TE. Adipose cDC1s contribute to obesity-associated inflammation through STING-dependent IL-12 production. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2237-2252. [PMID: 37996702 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation that can contribute to the development of insulin resistance in mammals. Previous studies have identified interleukin (IL)-12 as a critical upstream regulator of WAT inflammation and metabolic dysfunction during obesity. However, the cell types and mechanisms that initiate WAT IL-12 production remain unclear. Here we show that conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) are the cellular source of WAT IL-12 during obesity through analysis of mouse and human WAT single-cell transcriptomic datasets, IL-12 reporter mice and IL-12p70 protein levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We demonstrate that cDC1s contribute to obesity-associated inflammation by increasing group 1 innate lymphocyte interferon-γ production and inflammatory macrophage accumulation. Inducible depletion of cDC1s increased WAT insulin sensitivity and systemic glucose tolerance during diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, endocytosis of apoptotic bodies containing self-DNA by WAT cDC1s drives stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent IL-12 production. Together, these results suggest that WAT cDC1s act as critical regulators of adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hildreth
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eddie T Padilla
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meha Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yung Yu Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akshara R Legala
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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48
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Zhang X, Gao L, Meng H, Zhang A, Liang Y, Lu J. Obesity alters immunopathology in cancers and inflammatory diseases. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13638. [PMID: 37724622 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and is strongly associated with multiple immunological diseases, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Recent animal studies revealed that obesity-induced immunological changes worsen immune-driven diseases and cause resistance to immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the role of obesity in the immunopathology and treatment responses of cancers, respiratory and allergic diseases, and IL-17-mediated inflammatory diseases. We summarize the unique features of the inflammatory state of these diseases, which are orchestrated by obesity. In particular, obesity alters the immune landscape in cancers with a reprogrammed metabolic profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Obesity exacerbates airway inflammation by dysregulating multiple immune-cell subsets. Obesity also dysregulates Th17, IL-17-producing mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), and γδ T cells, which contribute to IL-17-mediated inflammatory response in multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. By identifying the effects of obesity on immunological diseases, new strategies could be devised to target immune dysregulation caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ailing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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49
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Ji SX, Zheng YF, Li X, Li BX, Zou JX, Wang YT, Xia XY, Chen X, Hu QN, Wan TJ, Wen L, Feng QS. Epidemiological investigation and proteomic profiling of typical TCM syndrome in HIV/AIDS immunological nonresponders. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:3106-3119. [PMID: 35775967 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS pandemic remains the world's most severe public health challenge, especially for HIV/AIDS immunological nonresponders (HIV/AIDS-INRs), who tend to have higher mortality. Due to the advantages in promoting patients' immune reconstitution, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become one of the mainstays of complementary treatments for HIV/AIDS-INRs. Given that effective TCM treatments largely depend on precise syndrome differentiation, there is an increasing interest in exploring biological evidence for the classification of TCM syndromes in HIV/AIDS-INRs. In our study, to identify the typical HIV/AIDS-INRs syndrome, an epidemiological survey was first conducted in the Liangshan prefecture (China), a high HIV/AIDS prevalence region. The key TCM syndrome, Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney (YDSK), was evaluated by using a tandem mass tag combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (TMT-LC-MS/MS). A total of 62 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of YDSK syndrome compared with healthy people were screened out. Comparative bioinformatics analyses showed that DEPs in YDSK syndrome were mainly associated with response to wounding and acute inflammatory response in the biological process. The pathway annotation is mainly enriched in complement and coagulation cascades. Finally, the YDSK syndrome-specific DEPs such as HP and S100A9 were verified by ELISA, and confirmed as potential biomarkers for YDSK syndrome. Our study may lay the biological and scientific basis for the specificity of TCM syndromes in HIV/AIDs-INRs, and may provide more opportunities for the deep understanding of TCM syndromes and the developing more effective and stable TCM treatment for HIV/AIDS-INRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xiu Ji
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Feng Zheng
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Xue Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xi Zou
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Xia
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Nan Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Jun Wan
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wen
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Sheng Feng
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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50
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Cheng X, Jiang S, Pan B, Xie W, Meng J. Ectopic and visceral fat deposition in aging, obesity, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an interconnected role. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:201. [PMID: 38001499 PMCID: PMC10668383 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is considered an age-related disease. Age-related changes, along with other factors such as obesity, hormonal imbalances, and various metabolic disorders, lead to ectopic fat deposition (EFD). This accumulation of fat outside of its normal storage sites is associated with detrimental effects such as lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. This narrative review provides an overview of the connection between ectopic and visceral fat deposition in aging, obesity, and IPF. It also elucidates the mechanism by which ectopic fat deposition in the airways and lungs, pericardium, skeletal muscles, and pancreas contributes to lung injury and fibrosis in patients with IPF, directly or indirectly. Moreover, the review discusses the impact of EFD on the severity of the disease, quality of life, presence of comorbidities, and overall prognosis in IPF patients. The review provides detailed information on recent research regarding representative lipid-lowering drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, and lipid-targeting drugs in animal experiments and clinical studies. This may offer new therapeutic directions for patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Tongzipo Road 138, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Shuhan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Tongzipo Road 138, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Boyu Pan
- Departments of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Laodong West Road 176, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Furong Middle Road 36, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Tongzipo Road 138, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China.
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