1
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Lu R, Luo XM. The role of gut microbiota in different murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2378876. [PMID: 39014962 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2378876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by immune system dysfunction that can lead to serious health issues and mortality. Recent investigations highlight the role of gut microbiota alterations in modulating inflammation and disease severity in SLE. This review specifically summaries the variations in gut microbiota composition across various murine models of lupus. By focusing on these differences, we aim to elucidate the intricate relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the development and progression of SLE in preclinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xin M Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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2
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Tsokos GC. The immunology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1332-1343. [PMID: 39009839 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been a great challenge. Reductionist approaches to understand the nature of the disease have identified many pathogenetic contributors that parallel clinical heterogeneity. This Review outlines the immunological control of SLE and looks to experimental tools and approaches that are improving our understanding of the complex contribution of interacting genetics, environment, sex and immunoregulatory factors and their interface with processes inherent to tissue parenchymal cells. Efforts to advance precision medicine in the care of patients with SLE along with treatment strategies to correct the immune system hold hope and are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Nayak RR, Orellana DA. The impact of the human gut microbiome on the treatment of autoimmune disease. Immunol Rev 2024; 325:107-130. [PMID: 38864582 PMCID: PMC11338731 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune (or rheumatic) diseases are increasing in prevalence but selecting the best therapy for each patient proceeds in trial-and-error fashion. This strategy can lead to ineffective therapy resulting in irreversible damage and suffering; thus, there is a need to bring the promise of precision medicine to patients with autoimmune disease. While host factors partially determine the therapeutic response to immunosuppressive drugs, these are not routinely used to tailor therapy. Thus, non-host factors likely contribute. Here, we consider the impact of the human gut microbiome in the treatment of autoimmunity. We propose that the gut microbiome can be manipulated to improve therapy and to derive greater benefit from existing therapies. We focus on the mechanisms by which the human gut microbiome impacts treatment response, provide a framework to interrogate these mechanisms, review a case study of a widely-used anti-rheumatic drug, and discuss challenges with studying multiple complex systems: the microbiome, the human immune system, and autoimmune disease. We consider open questions that remain in the field and speculate on the future of drug-microbiome-autoimmune disease interactions. Finally, we present a blue-sky vision for how the microbiome can be used to bring the promise of precision medicine to patients with rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka R Nayak
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Diego A Orellana
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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4
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Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Dai Y, Gao Y, Li C, Yu Y, Li C. Epstein-Barr Viruses: Their Immune Evasion Strategies and Implications for Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8160. [PMID: 39125729 PMCID: PMC11311853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the γ-herpesvirus family, is one of the most prevalent and persistent human viruses, infecting up to 90% of the adult population globally. EBV's life cycle includes primary infection, latency, and lytic reactivation, with the virus primarily infecting B cells and epithelial cells. This virus has evolved sophisticated strategies to evade both innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby maintaining a lifelong presence within the host. This persistence is facilitated by the expression of latent genes such as EBV nuclear antigens (EBNAs) and latent membrane proteins (LMPs), which play crucial roles in viral latency and oncogenesis. In addition to their well-known roles in several types of cancer, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and B-cell lymphomas, recent studies have identified the pathogenic roles of EBV in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. This review highlights the intricate interactions between EBV and the host immune system, underscoring the need for further research to develop effective therapeutic and preventive strategies against EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhao
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Botian Zhang
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Yihao Dai
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Yifei Gao
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Chenzhong Li
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Yijing Yu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Conglei Li
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (B.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (C.L.)
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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5
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Mahla RS, Jones EL, Dustin LB. Ro60-Roles in RNA Processing, Inflammation, and Rheumatic Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7705. [PMID: 39062948 PMCID: PMC11277228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ro60/SSA2 autoantigen is an RNA-binding protein and a core component of nucleocytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Ro60 is essential in RNA metabolism, cell stress response pathways, and cellular homeostasis. It stabilises and mediates the quality control and cellular distribution of small RNAs, including YRNAs (for the 'y' in 'cytoplasmic'), retroelement transcripts, and misfolded RNAs. Ro60 transcriptional dysregulation or loss of function can result in the generation and release of RNA fragments from YRNAs and other small RNAs. Small RNA fragments can instigate an inflammatory cascade through endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytoplasmic RNA sensors, which typically sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and mount the first line of defence against invading pathogens. However, the recognition of host-originating RNA moieties from Ro60 RNP complexes can activate inflammatory response pathways and compromise self-tolerance. Autoreactive B cells may produce antibodies targeting extracellular Ro60 RNP complexes. Ro60 autoantibodies serve as diagnostic markers for various autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren's disease (SjD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and they may also act as predictive markers for anti-drug antibody responses among rheumatic patients. Understanding Ro60's structure, function, and role in self-tolerance can enhance our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Singh Mahla
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
| | | | - Lynn B. Dustin
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
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6
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Kalita E, Panda M, Rao A, Pandey RK, Prajapati VK. Viral mimicry and endocrine system: Divulging the importance in host-microbial crosstalk. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 142:421-436. [PMID: 39059993 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Host-pathogen interactions are complex associations which evolve over long co-evolutionary histories. Pathogens exhibit different mechanisms to gain advantage over their host. Mimicry of host factors is an influential tool in subverting host mechanisms to ensure pathogenesis. This chapter discusses such molecular mimicry exhibited during viral infections. Understanding the evolutionary relationships, shared identity and functional impact of the virus encoded mimics is critical. With a particular emphasis on viral mimics and their association with cancer and autoimmune diseases, this chapter highlights the importance of molecular mimicry in virus biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elora Kalita
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Mamta Panda
- Department of Neurology, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistraße, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abhishek Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India.
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7
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Borghol AH, Bitar ER, Hanna A, Naim G, Rahal EA. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38634723 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2344114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a dsDNA herpesvirus, is believed to play a significant role in exacerbating and potentially triggering autoimmune and autoinflammatory maladies. Around 90% of the world is infected with the virus, which establishes latency within lymphocytes. EBV is also known to cause infectious mononucleosis, a self-limited flu-like illness, in adolescents. EBV is often reactivated and it employs several mechanisms of evading the host immune system. It has also been implicated in inducing host immune dysfunction potentially resulting in exacerbation or triggering of inflammatory processes. EBV has therefore been linked to a number of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome. The review examines the molecular mechanisms through which the virus alters host immune system components thus possibly resulting in autoimmune processes. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning EBV-associated autoimmunity is pivotal; however, the precise causal pathways remain elusive. Research on therapeutic agents and vaccines for EBV has been stagnant for a long number of years until recent advances shed light on potential therapeutic targets. The implications of EBV in autoimmunity underscore the importance of developing targeted therapeutic strategies and, potentially, vaccines to mitigate the autoimmune burden associated with this ubiquitous virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hamid Borghol
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elio R Bitar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aya Hanna
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Naim
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elias A Rahal
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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8
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Zhang TT, Cheng RYH, Ott AR, Dahl NP, Suchland ER, Stoffers CM, Asher GD, Hou D, Thouvenel CD, Hill TF, Rawlings DJ, James RG. BCR signaling is required for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in immunodeficient mice receiving human B cells. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadh8846. [PMID: 38598616 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh8846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a major therapeutic challenge that has been difficult to study using human cells because of a lack of suitable models for mechanistic characterization. Here, we show that ex vivo-differentiated B cells isolated from a subset of healthy donors can elicit pathologies similar to PTLD when transferred into immunodeficient mice. The primary driver of PTLD-like pathologies were IgM-producing plasmablasts with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes that expressed genes commonly associated with EBV latency. We show that a small subset of EBV+ peripheral blood-derived B cells expressing self-reactive, nonmutated B cell receptors (BCRs) expand rapidly in culture in the absence of BCR stimulation. Furthermore, we found that in vitro and in vivo expansion of EBV+ plasmablasts required BCR signaling. Last, treatment of immunodeficient mice with the BCR pathway inhibitor, ibrutinib, delays onset of PTLD-like pathologies in vivo. These data have implications for the diagnosis and care of transplant recipients who are at risk of developing PTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhang
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Rene Yu-Hong Cheng
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Andee R Ott
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Noelle P Dahl
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Emmaline R Suchland
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Claire M Stoffers
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Gregory D Asher
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Deyin Hou
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Christopher D Thouvenel
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Tyler F Hill
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- MSTP and MCB Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David J Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard G James
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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9
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Shehab M, Hussein H, Fadlallah S, Rahal EA. An IL-17A-centric response to Epstein-Barr virus DNA mediated by dendritic Cell-T cell interactions. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1243366. [PMID: 38638687 PMCID: PMC11024278 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1243366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Epstein-Barr virus has been associated with a considerable number of autoimmune diseases. We have previously demonstrated that EBV DNA enhances the production of IL-17A, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, via endosomal Toll-like receptor signalling. Methods: We used RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptional profile of mouse immune cells treated with EBV DNA. Results: We observed that EBV DNA upregulates an IL-17A-centric network of mediators. Ensemble Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (EGSEA) showed enriched expression of sets involved in inflammatory responses including IFNγ and TNF-α-associated pathways as well as proinflammatory diseases. On the other hand, while macrophages and B cells were somewhat able to induce an IL-17A response from T cells to EBV DNA, they were less potent than dendritic cells. EBV virions were also capable of eliciting the production of inflammatory mediators from dendritic cell-T cell cultures largely mirroring responses to the viral DNA. Conclusions: Given the wide prevalence of EBV in the population, our analyses reveal a network of mediators and cell types that may serve as therapeutic targets in a large proportion of people affected by autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Shehab
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi Hussein
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sukayna Fadlallah
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elias A. Rahal
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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10
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Zoledziewska M. Is Epstein Barr virus latency protective against type 1 diabetes? Med Hypotheses 2024; 185:111314. [PMID: 38800669 PMCID: PMC11113069 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zoledziewska
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monserrato 09042, Sardinia, Italy
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11
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Viel KCMF, Parameswaran S, Donmez OA, Forney CR, Hass MR, Yin C, Jones SH, Prosser HK, Diouf AA, Gittens OE, Edsall LE, Chen X, Rowden H, Dunn KA, Guo R, VonHandorf A, Leong MML, Ernst K, Kaufman KM, Lawson LP, Gewurz B, Zhao B, Kottyan LC, Weirauch MT. Shared and distinct interactions of type 1 and type 2 Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 2 with the human genome. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:273. [PMID: 38475709 PMCID: PMC10935964 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are two major genetic types of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): type 1 (EBV-1) and type 2 (EBV-2). EBV functions by manipulating gene expression in host B cells, using virus-encoded gene regulatory proteins including Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 2 (EBNA2). While type 1 EBNA2 is known to interact with human transcription factors (hTFs) such as RBPJ, EBF1, and SPI1 (PU.1), type 2 EBNA2 shares only ~ 50% amino acid identity with type 1 and thus may have distinct binding partners, human genome binding locations, and functions. RESULTS In this study, we examined genome-wide EBNA2 binding in EBV-1 and EBV-2 transformed human B cells to identify shared and unique EBNA2 interactions with the human genome, revealing thousands of type-specific EBNA2 ChIP-seq peaks. Computational predictions based on hTF motifs and subsequent ChIP-seq experiments revealed that both type 1 and 2 EBNA2 co-occupy the genome with SPI1 and AP-1 (BATF and JUNB) hTFs. However, type 1 EBNA2 showed preferential co-occupancy with EBF1, and type 2 EBNA2 preferred RBPJ. These differences in hTF co-occupancy revealed possible mechanisms underlying type-specific gene expression of known EBNA2 human target genes: MYC (shared), CXCR7 (type 1 specific), and CD21 (type 2 specific). Both type 1 and 2 EBNA2 binding events were enriched at systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) risk loci, while primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) risk loci were specifically enriched for type 2 peaks. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals extensive type-specific EBNA2 interactions with the human genome, possible differences in EBNA2 interaction partners, and a possible new role for type 2 EBNA2 in autoimmune disorders. Our results highlight the importance of considering EBV type in the control of human gene expression and disease-related investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenyatta C M F Viel
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Omer A Donmez
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Carmy R Forney
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Matthew R Hass
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Cailing Yin
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sydney H Jones
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Hayley K Prosser
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Arame A Diouf
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Olivia E Gittens
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lee E Edsall
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Hope Rowden
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Katelyn A Dunn
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Andrew VonHandorf
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Merrin Man Long Leong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Ernst
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kaufman
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lucinda P Lawson
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ben Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Leah C Kottyan
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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12
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Chen CJ. Epstein-Barr virus reactivation and disease flare of systemic lupus erythematosus. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 63:161-164. [PMID: 38485308 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
SLE affects females rather than males with a ratio of about 9:1. Owing to the high morbidity with multiple organ involvement, SLE flare-up remains a challenge for women's health. In an accumulation of the past 70 years of studies globally, EBV has been found to be strongly associated with SLE. In the past two decades, EBV reactivation has been proven as prevalent in SLE patients as well as being strongly associated with higher SLE activity and higher prevalence of SLE flare. Hence, strategies to control EBV reactivation in SLE including pharmacological (such as Tenofovir prodrugs TDF and TAF) and non-pharmacological approaches are being developed. The heterogeneity of SLE constitutes clinical challenges, suggesting a stratification of SLE into subgroups based on EBV reactivation or non-reactivation is reasonable. Future-wise, adding anti-EBV reactivation medication to current immunosuppressants for the subgroup of SLE patients with EBV reactivation could be beneficial to achieve long-term remission of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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13
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Punnanitinont A, Kasperek EM, Zhu C, Yu G, Miecznikowski JC, Kramer JM. TLR7 activation of age-associated B cells mediates disease in a mouse model of primary Sjögren's disease. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:497-510. [PMID: 37930711 PMCID: PMC10990110 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's disease (pSD) (also referred to as Sjögren's syndrome) is an autoimmune disease that primarily occurs in women. In addition to exocrine gland dysfunction, pSD patients exhibit B cell hyperactivity. B cell-intrinsic TLR7 activation is integral to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease that shares similarities with pSD. The role of TLR7-mediated B cell activation in pSD, however, remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that age-associated B cells (ABCs) were expanded in pSD and that TLR7-stimulated ABCs exhibited pathogenic features characteristic of disease. Our data revealed that ABC expansion and TLR7 expression were enhanced in a pSD mouse model in a Myd88-dependent manner. Splenocytes from pSD mice showed enhanced sensitivity to TLR7 agonism as compared with those derived from control animals. Sort-purified marginal zone B cells and ABCs from pSD mice showed enhanced inflammatory cytokine secretion and were enriched for antinuclear autoantibodies following TLR7 agonism. Finally, IgG from pSD patient sera showed elevated antinuclear autoantibodies, many of which were secreted preferentially by TLR7-stimulated murine marginal zone B cells and ABCs. These data indicate that pSD B cells are hyperresponsive to TLR7 agonism and that TLR7-activated B cells contribute to pSD through cytokine and autoantibody production. Thus, therapeutics that target TLR7 signaling cascades in B cells may have utility in pSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achamaporn Punnanitinont
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Eileen M. Kasperek
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Chengsong Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Microarray & Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Miecznikowski
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Jill M. Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
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Guo CY, Jin ZK, Feng Q, Feng YM, Sun LJ, Xu CX, Zhang YL. The heterophilicic epitopes in conserved HA regions of human and avian influenza viruses can produce antibodies that bound to kidney tissue. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106331. [PMID: 37678657 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection can cause kidney damage. However, the link between influenza infection and disease is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between heterophilic epitopes on H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) and disease. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) against H5N1 was prepared, mAbs binding to human kidney tissue were screened, and the reactivities of mAbs with five different subtypes of influenza virus were detected. Design and synthesize the peptides according to the common amino acid sequence of these antigens, and analyze the distribution of the epitope on the crystal structure of HA. Immunological methods were used to detect whether the heterophilic epitopes could induce the production of antibodies that cross-react with kidney tissue. The results showed that H5-30 mA b binding to human kidney tissue recognized the heterophilic epitope 191-LVLWGIHHP-199 on the head of HA. The key amino acid were V192, L193, W194 and I196, which were highly conserved in human and avian influenza virus HA. The heterophilic epitope could induce mice to produce different mAbs binding to kidney tissue. Such heterophilic antibodies were also detected in the serum of the patients. It can provide materials for the mechanism of renal diseases caused by influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yan Guo
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Zhan Kui Jin
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Yang Meng Feng
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Li Jun Sun
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Cui Xiang Xu
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Xi'an, 710068, China.
| | - Yu Lian Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China.
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Xin Y, Huang C, Zheng M, Zhou W, Zhang B, Zhao M, Lu Q. Fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: What we learnt from the explorative clinical trial. J Autoimmun 2023; 141:103058. [PMID: 37179170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with the characterized presence of autoantibodies and resulting in multiple organ damage, which is incurable and can be lethal. The current treatments are limited and less progress has been made in drug discovery for the last few decades. Researches imply that gut dysbiosis exists in both patients and murine models with SLE, taking part in the pathogenesis of SLE through multiple mechanisms such as microbiota translocation and molecular mimicry. Intestinal interventions on the gut microbiome by fecal transplantations to reconstitute the gut-immunity homeostasis serve as a novel therapeutic option for SLE patients. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which is usually used in intestinal diseases, has been firstly demonstrated to be safe and efficient in recovering gut microbiota structure of SLE patients and reducing lupus activity in our recent clinical trial, which is the first trial testing FMT therapy in SLE treatment. In this paper, we reviewed the results of the single-arm clinical trial and made recommendations on FMT practice in SLE treatment including therapeutic indications, screening items and dosage regimen, trying to provide references for future study and clinical practice. We also came up with the unanswered questions that need to be solved by the ongoing randomized controlled trial as well as the future expectations for the intestinal intervention strategies of SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xin
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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16
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Wang A, Zhao J, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Xing Y, Wang Y, Yu Z, Yan J, Han M, Yuan J, Hui Y, Guo S, Ning X, Sun S. Alterations of the gut microbiota in the lupus nephritis: a systematic review. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2285877. [PMID: 37994423 PMCID: PMC11001323 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2285877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis may play a critical role in the development of lupus nephritis (LN). However, the specific characteristics of the gut microbiota in individuals with LN have not been fully clarified. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were systematically searched for clinical and animal studies related to the relationship between LN and gut microbiota from inception until October 1, 2023. A semiquantitative analysis was used to assess the changes in gut microbial profiles. RESULTS A total of 15 clinical studies were selected for analysis, which included 138 LN patients, 441 systemic lupus erythematosus patients, and 1526 healthy controls (HCs). Five different types of LN mouse models were included in 5 animal studies. The alpha diversity was decreased in LN patients compared to HCs. A significant decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio is considered a hallmark of pathological conditions. Specifically, alterations in the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria, genera Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, and species Ruminococcus gnavus and Lactobacillus reuteri may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of LN. Remarkably, the gut taxonomic chain Bacteroidetes-Bacteroides-Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was enriched in LN patients, which could be a crucial characteristic of LN patients. The increased level of interleukin-6, imbalance of regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells, and decreased level of the intestinal tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-1 also might be related to the pathogenesis of LN. CONCLUSIONS Specific changes in the abundance of gut microbiota such as decreased F/B ratio, and the level of inflammatory indicators, and markers of intestinal barrier dysfunction may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of LN. These factors could be effective diagnostic and potential therapeutic targets for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Wang
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunlong Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Nephrology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zixian Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jipeng Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinguo Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yueqing Hui
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuxian Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ning
- Department of Geriatric, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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17
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Kioi Y, Yorifuji H, Higami Y, Katada Y. Serositis and lymphopenia are common features of systemic lupus erythematosus following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report and literature review. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:2267-2271. [PMID: 37287442 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect a number of human systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems. These symptoms persist long after the acute infection has healed and is called "long COVID". Interestingly, there have been a series of reports that SARS-CoV-2 infections trigger the development of various autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory arthritis, myositis, vasculitis. Here, we report a novel case of SLE characterized by persistent pleural effusion and lymphopenia following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is the first case in the Western Pacific region to our knowledge. Furthermore, we reviewed 10 similar cases including our case. By looking at the characteristics of each case, we found that serositis and lymphopenia are common features of SLE following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our finding suggests that patients with prolonged pleural effusion and/or lymphopenia after COVID-19 should be checked for autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kioi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorifuji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Higami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Liu X, Wang X, Zhang P, Fang Y, Liu Y, Ding Y, Zhang W. Intestinal homeostasis in the gut-lung-kidney axis: a prospective therapeutic target in immune-related chronic kidney diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1266792. [PMID: 38022571 PMCID: PMC10646503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of intestinal homeostasis in health has received increasing interest, significantly improving our understanding of the complex pathophysiological interactions of the gut with other organs. Microbiota dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier, and aberrant intestinal immunity appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of immune-related chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Meanwhile, the relationship between the pathological changes in the respiratory tract (e.g., infection, fibrosis, granuloma) and immune-related CKD cannot be ignored. The present review aimed to elucidate the new underlying mechanism of immune-related CKD. The lungs may affect kidney function through intestinal mediation. Communication is believed to exist between the gut and lung microbiota across long physiological distances. Following the inhalation of various pathogenic factors (e.g., particulate matter 2.5 mum or less in diameter, pathogen) in the air through the mouth and nose, considering the anatomical connection between the nasopharynx and lungs, gut microbiome regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory states in the lungs and kidneys. Meanwhile, the intestine participates in the differentiation of T cells and promotes the migration of various immune cells to specific organs. This better explain the occurrence and progression of CKD caused by upper respiratory tract precursor infection and suggests the relationship between the lungs and kidney complications in some autoimmune diseases (e.g., anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies -associated vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus). CKD can also affect the progression of lung diseases (e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). We conclude that damage to the gut barrier appears to contribute to the development of immune-related CKD through gut-lung-kidney interplay, leading us to establish the gut-lung-kidney axis hypothesis. Further, we discuss possible therapeutic interventions and targets. For example, using prebiotics, probiotics, and laxatives (e.g., Rhubarb officinale) to regulate the gut ecology to alleviate oxidative stress, as well as improve the local immune system of the intestine and immune communication with the lungs and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiande First People’s Hospital, Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Fang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Geriatric, Zhejiang Aged Care Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueyue Ding
- Department of Geriatric, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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19
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Mesleh A, Ehtewish H, Lennard K, Abdesselem HB, Al-Shaban F, Decock J, Alajez NM, Arredouani A, Emara MM, Albagha O, Stanton LW, Abdulla SA, Blackburnand JM, El-Agnaf OMA. High-throughput autoantibody screening identifies differentially abundant autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1222506. [PMID: 37908488 PMCID: PMC10613655 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1222506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by defects in two core domains, social/communication skills and restricted/repetitive behaviors or interests. There is no approved biomarker for ASD diagnosis, and the current diagnostic method is based on clinical manifestation, which tends to vary vastly between the affected individuals due to the heterogeneous nature of ASD. There is emerging evidence that supports the implication of the immune system in ASD, specifically autoimmunity; however, the role of autoantibodies in ASD children is not yet fully understood. Materials and methods In this study, we screened serum samples from 93 cases with ASD and 28 healthy controls utilizing high-throughput KoRectly Expressed (KREX) i-Ome protein-array technology. Our goal was to identify autoantibodies with differential expressions in ASD and to gain insights into the biological significance of these autoantibodies in the context of ASD pathogenesis. Result Our autoantibody expression analysis identified 29 differential autoantibodies in ASD, 4 of which were upregulated and 25 downregulated. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) and network analysis showed that the proteins of these autoantibodies are expressed in the brain and involved in axonal guidance, chromatin binding, and multiple metabolic pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that these autoantibodies negatively correlate with the age of ASD subjects. Conclusion This study explored autoantibody reactivity against self-antigens in ASD individuals' serum using a high-throughput assay. The identified autoantibodies were reactive against proteins involved in axonal guidance, synaptic function, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and chromatin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Mesleh
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Ehtewish
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Katie Lennard
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Houari B. Abdesselem
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fouad Al-Shaban
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M. Alajez
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed M. Emara
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lawrence W. Stanton
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara A. Abdulla
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburnand
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Omar M. A. El-Agnaf
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Trier NH, Houen G. Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Auto-Immune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13609. [PMID: 37686415 PMCID: PMC10487534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is defined by the presence of antibodies and/or T cells directed against self-components. Although of unknown etiology, autoimmunity commonly is associated with environmental factors such as infections, which have been reported to increase the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Occasionally, similarities between infectious non-self and self-tissue antigens may contribute to immunological cross-reactivity in autoimmune diseases. These reactions may be interpreted as molecular mimicry, which describes cross-reactivity between foreign pathogens and self-antigens that have been reported to cause tissue damage and to contribute to the development of autoimmunity. By focusing on the nature of antibodies, cross-reactivity in general, and antibody-antigen interactions, this review aims to characterize the nature of potential cross-reactive immune reactions between infectious non-self and self-tissue antigens which may be associated with autoimmunity but may not actually be the cause of disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hartwig Trier
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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21
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Wu S, Chen J, Teo BHD, Wee SYK, Wong MHM, Cui J, Chen J, Leong KP, Lu J. The axis of complement C1 and nucleolus in antinuclear autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196544. [PMID: 37359557 PMCID: PMC10288996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) are heterogeneous self-reactive antibodies that target the chromatin network, the speckled, the nucleoli, and other nuclear regions. The immunological aberration for ANA production remains partially understood, but ANA are known to be pathogenic, especially, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Most SLE patients exhibit a highly polygenic disease involving multiple organs, but in rare complement C1q, C1r, or C1s deficiencies, the disease can become largely monogenic. Increasing evidence point to intrinsic autoimmunogenicity of the nuclei. Necrotic cells release fragmented chromatins as nucleosomes and the alarmin HMGB1 is associated with the nucleosomes to activate TLRs and confer anti-chromatin autoimmunogenecity. In speckled regions, the major ANA targets Sm/RNP and SSA/Ro contain snRNAs that confer autoimmunogenecity to Sm/RNP and SSA/Ro antigens. Recently, three GAR/RGG-containing alarmins have been identified in the nucleolus that helps explain its high autoimmunogenicity. Interestingly, C1q binds to the nucleoli exposed by necrotic cells to cause protease C1r and C1s activation. C1s cleaves HMGB1 to inactive its alarmin activity. C1 proteases also degrade many nucleolar autoantigens including nucleolin, a major GAR/RGG-containing autoantigen and alarmin. It appears that the different nuclear regions are intrinsically autoimmunogenic by containing autoantigens and alarmins. However, the extracellular complement C1 complex function to dampen nuclear autoimmunogenecity by degrading these nuclear proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Heng Dennis Teo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seng Yin Kelly Wee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Millie Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianzhou Cui
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khai Pang Leong
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Lei Y, Liu Q, Li Q, Zhao C, Zhao M, Lu Q. Exploring the Complex Relationship Between Microbiota and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2023; 25:107-116. [PMID: 37083877 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-023-01102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by various autoantibodies and multi-organ. Microbiota dysbiosis in the gut, skin, oral, and other surfaces has a significant impact on SLE development. This article summarizes relevant research and provides new microbiome-related strategies for exploring the mechanisms and treating patients with SLE. RECENT FINDINGS SLE patients have disruptions in multiple microbiomes, with the gut microbiota (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) and their metabolites being the most thoroughly researched. This dysbiosis can promote SLE progression through mechanisms such as the leaky gut, molecular mimicry, and epigenetic regulation. Notwithstanding study constraints on the relationship between microbiota and SLE, specific interventions targeting the gut microbiota, such as probiotics, dietary management, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have emerged as promising SLE therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianmei Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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23
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Yang L, Pu J, Cai F, Zhang Y, Gao R, Zhuang S, Liang Y, Wu Z, Pan S, Song J, Han F, Tang J, Wang X. Chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection: A potential junction between primary Sjögren's syndrome and lymphoma. Cytokine 2023; 168:156227. [PMID: 37244248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that targets exocrine glands, leading to exocrine dysfunction. Due to its propensity to infect epithelial and B cells, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is hypothesized to be related with pSS. Through molecular mimicry, the synthesis of specific antigens, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, EBV contributes to the development of pSS. Lymphoma is the most lethal outcome of EBV infection and the development of pSS. As a population-wide virus, EBV has had a significant role in the development of lymphoma in people with pSS. In the review, we will discuss the possible causes of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jincheng Pu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Feiyang Cai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute and Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ronglin Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Shuqi Zhuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Shengnan Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jiamin Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jianping Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
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24
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Quiros-Roldan E, Sottini A, Signorini SG, Serana F, Tiecco G, Imberti L. Autoantibodies to Interferons in Infectious Diseases. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051215. [PMID: 37243300 DOI: 10.3390/v15051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-cytokine autoantibodies and, in particular, anti-type I interferons are increasingly described in association with immunodeficient, autoimmune, and immune-dysregulated conditions. Their presence in otherwise healthy individuals may result in a phenotype characterized by a predisposition to infections with several agents. For instance, anti-type I interferon autoantibodies are implicated in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and found preferentially in patients with critical disease. However, autoantibodies were also described in the serum of patients with viral, bacterial, and fungal infections not associated with COVID-19. In this review, we provide an overview of anti-cytokine autoantibodies identified to date and their clinical associations; we also discuss whether they can act as enemies or friends, i.e., are capable of acting in a beneficial or harmful way, and if they may be linked to gender or immunosenescence. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the production of autoantibodies could improve the approach to treating some infections, focusing not only on pathogens, but also on the possibility of a low degree of autoimmunity in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia and University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Federico Serana
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tiecco
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia and University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, P. le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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25
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Debuysschere C, Nekoua MP, Hober D. Markers of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1262. [PMID: 37317236 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections have been suspected of being involved in the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases for many years. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family, is thought to be associated with the onset and/or the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome and type 1 diabetes. The lifecycle of EBV consists of lytic cycles and latency programmes (0, I, II and III) occurring in infected B-cells. During this lifecycle, viral proteins and miRNAs are produced. This review provides an overview of the detection of EBV infection, focusing on markers of latency and lytic phases in MS. In MS patients, the presence of latency proteins and antibodies has been associated with lesions and dysfunctions of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, miRNAs, expressed during lytic and latency phases, may be detected in the CNS of MS patients. Lytic reactivations of EBV can occur in the CNS of patients as well, with the presence of lytic proteins and T-cells reacting to this protein in the CNS of MS patients. In conclusion, markers of EBV infection can be found in MS patients, which argues in favour of a relationship between EBV and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Debuysschere
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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26
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Xie C, Zhong LY, Bu GL, Zhao GX, Yuan BY, Liu YT, Sun C, Zeng MS. Anti-EBV antibodies: Roles in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and antiviral therapy. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28793. [PMID: 37212266 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is prevalent in global population and associated with multiple malignancies and autoimmune diseases. During the infection, EBV-harbored or infected cell-expressing antigen could elicit a variety of antibodies with significant role in viral host response and pathogenesis. These antibodies have been extensively evaluated and found to be valuable in predicting disease diagnosis and prognosis, exploring disease mechanisms, and developing antiviral agents. In this review, we discuss the versatile roles of EBV antibodies as important biomarkers for EBV-related diseases, potential driving factors of autoimmunity, and promising therapeutic agents for viral infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Yi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Long Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge-Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Yu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Sun JY, Guo CY, Wang GR, Yan LT, Feng Q, Li Y, Huo XP, Xie X, Hu J, Sun LJ. Identification of Heterophilic Epitopes of H1N1 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:188. [PMID: 37074450 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies found that the H1-50 monoclonal antibody (mAb) of influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) cross-reacted with pancreatic tissue and islet β-cells, and further studies showed that H1-50 mAb binds to prohibitin (PHB) protein of islet β-cells. These suggest that there are heterophilic epitopes between influenza virus HA and pancreatic tissue, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. To further investigate these heterophilic epitopes, we screened binding epitopes of H1-50 mAb using a phage 12-peptide library. DNA sequencing and comparative analysis were performed on specific positive phage clones, and the sequence of 12-peptide binding to H1-50 mAb was obtained. The binding epitopes of H1-50 mAb in influenza virus HA were determined by sequence analysis and experimental verification, and their distribution within the three-dimensional structure was assessed by PyMOL. The results showed that H1-50 mAb specifically binds to polypeptides (306-SLPFQNIHPITIGK-319) of influenza A virus HA, located in the stem of the HA protein. However, there is no specific binding sequence between H1-50 mAb and the PHB protein of islet β-cells in the primary structure, and we speculate that the binding of H1-50 mAb to islet β-cells may depend on the spatial conformation. The identification of the heterophilic epitopes of H1N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin provides a new perspective on type 1 diabetes that may be caused by influenza virus infection, which may contribute to the prevention and control of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ying Sun
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Province Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chun-Yan Guo
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Province Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guo-Rong Wang
- General Surgery Department of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Ting Yan
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Province Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Province Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Province Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue-Ping Huo
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Province Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Province Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Li-Jun Sun
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Province Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China.
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28
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Sun Y, Nascimento Da Conceicao V, Chauhan A, Sukumaran P, Chauhan P, Ambrus JL, Vissink A, Kroese FGM, Muniswamy M, Mishra BB, Singh BB. Targeting alarmin release reverses Sjogren's syndrome phenotype by revitalizing Ca 2+ signalling. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1228. [PMID: 37006181 PMCID: PMC10068318 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is embodied by the loss of salivary gland function and immune cell infiltration, but the mechanism(s) are still unknown. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms and identify key factors that leads to the development and progression of pSS. METHODS Immunohistochemistry staining, FACS analysis and cytokine levels were used to detect immune cells infiltration and activation in salivary glands. RNA sequencing was performed to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of pSS. The function assays include in vivo saliva collection along with calcium imaging and electrophysiology on isolated salivary gland cells in mice models of pSS. Western blotting, real-time PCR, alarmin release, and immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the channels involved in salivary function in pSS. RESULTS We provide evidence that loss of Ca2+ signaling precedes a decrease in saliva secretion and/or immune cell infiltration in IL14α, a mouse model for pSS. We also showed that Ca2+ homeostasis was mediated by transient receptor potential canonical-1 (TRPC1) channels and inhibition of TRPC1, resulting in the loss of salivary acinar cells, which promoted alarmin release essential for immune cell infiltration/release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, both IL14α and samples from human pSS patients showed a decrease in TRPC1 expression and increased acinar cell death. Finally, paquinimod treatment in IL14α restored Ca2+ homeostasis that inhibited alarmin release thereby reverting the pSS phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that loss of Ca2+ signaling is one of the initial factors, which induces loss of salivary gland function along with immune infiltration that exaggerates pSS. Importantly, restoration of Ca2+ signaling upon paquinimod treatment reversed the pSS phenotype thereby inhibiting the progressive development of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- Department of PeriodonticsSchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | | | - Arun Chauhan
- Department of Developmental DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of PeriodonticsSchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Pooja Chauhan
- Department of Developmental DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesState University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity of Groningen and University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Frans G. M. Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Groningen and University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Madesh Muniswamy
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Bibhuti B. Mishra
- Department of Developmental DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Brij B. Singh
- Department of PeriodonticsSchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
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29
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Sundaresan B, Shirafkan F, Ripperger K, Rattay K. The Role of Viral Infections in the Onset of Autoimmune Diseases. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030782. [PMID: 36992490 PMCID: PMC10051805 DOI: 10.3390/v15030782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are the consequence of a breach in immune tolerance, leading to the inability to sufficiently differentiate between self and non-self. Immune reactions that are targeted towards self-antigens can ultimately lead to the destruction of the host's cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. Although autoimmune disorders are comparatively rare, the worldwide incidence and prevalence is increasing, and they have major adverse implications for mortality and morbidity. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to be the major factors contributing to the development of autoimmunity. Viral infections are one of the environmental triggers that can lead to autoimmunity. Current research suggests that several mechanisms, such as molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, and bystander activation, can cause viral-induced autoimmunity. Here we describe the latest insights into the pathomechanisms of viral-induced autoimmune diseases and discuss recent findings on COVID-19 infections and the development of AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Sundaresan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Shirafkan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ripperger
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Rattay
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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30
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Thomas OG, Rickinson A, Palendira U. Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: moving from questions of association to questions of mechanism. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1451. [PMID: 37206956 PMCID: PMC10191779 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis (MS) has puzzled researchers since it was first discovered over 40 years ago. Until that point, EBV was primarily viewed as a cancer-causing agent, but the culmination of evidence now shows that EBV has a pivotal role in development of MS. Early MS disease is characterised by episodic neuroinflammation and focal lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) that over time develop into progressive neurodegeneration and disability. Risk of MS is vanishingly low in EBV seronegative individuals, history of infectious mononucleosis (acute symptomatic primary infection with EBV) significantly increases risk and elevated antibody titres directed against EBV antigens are well-characterised in patients. However, the underlying mechanism - or mechanisms - responsible for this interplay remains to be fully elucidated; how does EBV-induced immune dysregulation either trigger or drive MS in susceptible individuals? Furthermore, deep understanding of virological and immunological events during primary infection and long-term persistence in B cells will help to answer the many questions that remain regarding MS pathogenesis. This review discusses the current evidence and mechanisms surrounding EBV and MS, which have important implications for the future of MS therapies and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G Thomas
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design, Centre for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Alan Rickinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of Birmingham, EdgbastonBirminghamUK
| | - Umaimainthan Palendira
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
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31
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Mousa WK, Chehadeh F, Husband S. Microbial dysbiosis in the gut drives systemic autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906258. [PMID: 36341463 PMCID: PMC9632986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes survive and thrive inside the human body. These tiny creatures are crucial to the development and maturation of our immune system and to maintain gut immune homeostasis. Microbial dysbiosis is the main driver of local inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Dysbiosis in the gut can also drive systemic autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatic arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Gut microbes directly interact with the immune system by multiple mechanisms including modulation of the host microRNAs affecting gene expression at the post-transcriptional level or production of microbial metabolites that interact with cellular receptors such as TLRs and GPCRs. This interaction modulates crucial immune functions such as differentiation of lymphocytes, production of interleukins, or controlling the leakage of inflammatory molecules from the gut to the systemic circulation. In this review, we compile and analyze data to gain insights into the underpinning mechanisms mediating systemic autoimmune diseases. Understanding how gut microbes can trigger or protect from systemic autoimmune diseases is crucial to (1) tackle these diseases through diet or lifestyle modification, (2) develop new microbiome-based therapeutics such as prebiotics or probiotics, (3) identify diagnostic biomarkers to predict disease risk, and (4) observe and intervene with microbial population change with the flare-up of autoimmune responses. Considering the microbiome signature as a crucial player in systemic autoimmune diseases might hold a promise to turn these untreatable diseases into manageable or preventable ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa K. Mousa
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fadia Chehadeh
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
| | - Shannon Husband
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
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32
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Hsu B, Chen Y, Lin C, Tang K. The association between hydroxychloroquine use and future development of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Int J Rheum Dis 2022; 25:1424-1430. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Chueh Hsu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Puli Branch Nantou Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ching‐Heng Lin
- Department of Medical Research Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Kuo‐Tung Tang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
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33
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Khatri B, Tessneer KL, Rasmussen A, Aghakhanian F, Reksten TR, Adler A, Alevizos I, Anaya JM, Aqrawi LA, Baecklund E, Brun JG, Bucher SM, Eloranta ML, Engelke F, Forsblad-d’Elia H, Glenn SB, Hammenfors D, Imgenberg-Kreuz J, Jensen JL, Johnsen SJA, Jonsson MV, Kvarnström M, Kelly JA, Li H, Mandl T, Martín J, Nocturne G, Norheim KB, Palm Ø, Skarstein K, Stolarczyk AM, Taylor KE, Teruel M, Theander E, Venuturupalli S, Wallace DJ, Grundahl KM, Hefner KS, Radfar L, Lewis DM, Stone DU, Kaufman CE, Brennan MT, Guthridge JM, James JA, Scofield RH, Gaffney PM, Criswell LA, Jonsson R, Eriksson P, Bowman SJ, Omdal R, Rönnblom L, Warner B, Rischmueller M, Witte T, Farris AD, Mariette X, Alarcon-Riquelme ME, Shiboski CH, Wahren-Herlenius M, Ng WF, Sivils KL, Adrianto I, Nordmark G, Lessard CJ. Genome-wide association study identifies Sjögren's risk loci with functional implications in immune and glandular cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4287. [PMID: 35896530 PMCID: PMC9329286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's disease is a complex autoimmune disease with twelve established susceptibility loci. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) identifies ten novel genome-wide significant (GWS) regions in Sjögren's cases of European ancestry: CD247, NAB1, PTTG1-MIR146A, PRDM1-ATG5, TNFAIP3, XKR6, MAPT-CRHR1, RPTOR-CHMP6-BAIAP6, TYK2, SYNGR1. Polygenic risk scores yield predictability (AUROC = 0.71) and relative risk of 12.08. Interrogation of bioinformatics databases refine the associations, define local regulatory networks of GWS SNPs from the 95% credible set, and expand the implicated gene list to >40. Many GWS SNPs are eQTLs for genes within topologically associated domains in immune cells and/or eQTLs in the main target tissue, salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Khatri
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Kandice L. Tessneer
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Farhang Aghakhanian
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Tove Ragna Reksten
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adam Adler
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890NGS Core Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Ilias Alevizos
- grid.419633.a0000 0001 2205 0568Salivary Disorder Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- grid.412191.e0000 0001 2205 5940Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lara A. Aqrawi
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.457625.70000 0004 0383 3497Department of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Baecklund
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan G. Brun
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sara Magnusson Bucher
- grid.15895.300000 0001 0738 8966Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fiona Engelke
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helena Forsblad-d’Elia
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stuart B. Glenn
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Daniel Hammenfors
- grid.412008.f0000 0000 9753 1393Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Juliana Imgenberg-Kreuz
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janicke Liaaen Jensen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Joar Auglænd Johnsen
- grid.412835.90000 0004 0627 2891Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Malin V. Jonsson
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Section for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Medical Faculty, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marika Kvarnström
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Rheumatology Unity, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.425979.40000 0001 2326 2191Academic Specialist Center, Center for Rheumatology and Studieenheten, Stockholm Health Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - He Li
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA ,grid.505430.7Translational Sciences, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA USA
| | - Thomas Mandl
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Javier Martín
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Instituto de Biomedicina y Parasitología López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Gaétane Nocturne
- grid.413784.d0000 0001 2181 7253Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Katrine Brække Norheim
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.412835.90000 0004 0627 2891Department of Rheumatology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Øyvind Palm
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Rheumatology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine Skarstein
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.412008.f0000 0000 9753 1393Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna M. Stolarczyk
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Kimberly E. Taylor
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Medicine, Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California USA
| | - Maria Teruel
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Genyo, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
| | - Elke Theander
- grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden ,Medical Affairs, Jannsen-Cilag EMEA (Europe/Middle East/Africa), Beerse, Belgium
| | - Swamy Venuturupalli
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Daniel J. Wallace
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Kiely M. Grundahl
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | | | - Lida Radfar
- grid.266900.b0000 0004 0447 0018Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Department, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - David M. Lewis
- grid.266900.b0000 0004 0447 0018Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Donald U. Stone
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - C. Erick Kaufman
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Michael T. Brennan
- grid.239494.10000 0000 9553 6721Department of Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC USA ,grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA ,grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Judith A. James
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA ,grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA ,grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA ,grid.413864.c0000 0004 0420 2582US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Lindsey A. Criswell
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Medicine, Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Institute of Human Genetics (IHG), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Genomics of Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Roland Jonsson
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.412008.f0000 0000 9753 1393Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Eriksson
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Simon J. Bowman
- grid.412563.70000 0004 0376 6589Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK ,grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK ,grid.415667.7Rheumatology Department, Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Roald Omdal
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.412835.90000 0004 0627 2891Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Blake Warner
- grid.419633.a0000 0001 2205 0568Salivary Disorder Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Maureen Rischmueller
- grid.278859.90000 0004 0486 659XRheumatology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia ,grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Torsten Witte
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Darise Farris
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Xavier Mariette
- grid.413784.d0000 0001 2181 7253Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Marta E. Alarcon-Riquelme
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Genyo, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Caroline H. Shiboski
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Rheumatology Unity, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ,grid.420004.20000 0004 0444 2244NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Kathy L. Sivils
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA ,grid.505430.7Translational Sciences, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA USA
| | - Indra Adrianto
- grid.239864.20000 0000 8523 7701Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Gunnel Nordmark
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christopher J. Lessard
- grid.274264.10000 0000 8527 6890Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA ,grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
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34
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Charoensappakit A, Sae-Khow K, Leelahavanichkul A. Gut Barrier Damage and Gut Translocation of Pathogen Molecules in Lupus, an Impact of Innate Immunity (Macrophages and Neutrophils) in Autoimmune Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158223. [PMID: 35897790 PMCID: PMC9367802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier is a single cell layer that separates gut micro-organisms from the host, and gut permeability defects result in the translocation of microbial molecules from the gut into the blood. Despite the silent clinical manifestation, gut translocation of microbial molecules can induce systemic inflammation that might be an endogenous exacerbating factor of systemic lupus erythematosus. In contrast, circulatory immune-complex deposition and the effect of medications on the gut, an organ with an extremely large surface area, of patients with active lupus might cause gut translocation of microbial molecules, which worsens lupus severity. Likewise, the imbalance of gut microbiota may initiate lupus and/or interfere with gut integrity which results in microbial translocation and lupus exacerbation. Moreover, immune hyper-responsiveness of innate immune cells (macrophages and neutrophils) is demonstrated in a lupus model from the loss of inhibitory Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcgRIIb), which induces prominent responses through the cross-link between activating-FcgRs and innate immune receptors. The immune hyper-responsiveness can cause cell death, especially apoptosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis), which possibly exacerbates lupus, partly through the enhanced exposure of the self-antigens. Leaky gut monitoring and treatments (such as probiotics) might be beneficial in lupus. Here, we discuss the current information on leaky gut in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awirut Charoensappakit
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kritsanawan Sae-Khow
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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35
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Li H, Boulougoura A, Endo Y, Tsokos GC. Abnormalities of T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: new insights in pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102870. [PMID: 35872102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of immune tolerance and sustained production of autoantibodies. Multiple and profound T cell abnormalities in SLE are intertwined with disease expression. Both numerical and functional disturbances have been reported in main CD4+ T helper cell subsets including Th1, Th2, Th17, regulatory, and follicular helper cells. SLE CD4+ T cells are known to provide help to B cells, produce excessive IL-17 but insufficient IL-2, and infiltrate tissues. In the absence of sufficient amounts of IL-2, regulatory T cells, do not function properly to constrain inflammation. A complicated series of early signaling defects and aberrant activation of kinases and phosphatases result in complex cell phenotypes by altering the metabolic profile and the epigenetic landscape. All main metabolic pathways including glycolysis, glutaminolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are altered in T cells from lupus prone mice and patients with SLE. SLE CD8+ cytotoxic T cells display reduced cytolytic activity which accounts for higher rates of infection and the sustenance of autoimmunity. Further, CD8+ T cells in the context of rheumatic diseases lose the expression of CD8, acquire IL-17+CD4-CD8- double negative T (DNT) cell phenotype and infiltrate tissues. Herein we present an update on these T cell abnormalities along with underlying mechanisms and discuss how these advances can be exploited therapeutically. Novel strategies to correct these aberrations in T cells show promise for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Afroditi Boulougoura
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yushiro Endo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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36
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Virus Infections Play Crucial Roles in the Pathogenesis of Sjögren’s Syndrome. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071474. [PMID: 35891453 PMCID: PMC9320594 DOI: 10.3390/v14071474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease especially targeting exocrine glands, such as the salivary and lacrimal glands. A radical therapy for SS based on its etiology has not been established because of the complex pathogenesis of the disease. Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between virus infection and SS pathogenesis. In particular, infection with the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus among others is a potent factor associated with the onset or development of SS. Specifically, virus infection in the target organs of SS triggers or promotes autoreactive responses involving the process of autoantigen formation, antigen-presenting function, or T-cell response. Our review of recent research highlights the crucial roles of virus infection in the pathogenesis of SS and discusses the critical association between virus infection and the etiology of autoimmunity in SS.
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37
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Enfrein A, Hamidou M. Epstein-Barr Virus et lupus systémique : quels liens ? Rev Med Interne 2022; 43:487-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.03.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Deng C, Wang A, Hu C, Zhang W, Zeng X, Fei Y. The Prevalence and Clinical Relevance of the DFS Immunofluorescence Staining Pattern in a Large ANA-Positive Cohort. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:829436. [PMID: 35620720 PMCID: PMC9127569 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.829436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the dense fine speckled (DFS) immunofluorescence staining pattern has been studied by various researchers in recent years, its clinical associations remain unspecified. Thus, we performed a retrospective study in a non-selective population to explore the prevalence of this enigmatic antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern and to determine its possible clinical associations with any identifiable pathology. Methods We retrieved the results of ANA testing ordered by various departments in 2019 to study the prevalence of DFS pattern. Demographic characteristics and clinical features of these participants were also collected from the electronic medical record system. Correlation analysis was made to study its clinical associations and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of ANA positivity was 37.4% among 72,204 serum samples of which the median age was 44 (interquartile range: 31, 56) years old and 68.0% were women. The prevalence of the DFS staining pattern was 1.1% in the total population and accounted for 3.1% in the ANA-positive population. There were 97.6% of these cases displaying the DFS pattern with a low titer of ANA (≤1:320; starting serum dilution: 1:100). We found that this pattern correlated with several pathological conditions, such as skin disorders (25.1%), alopecia (4.6%), and obstetric complications (6.6%). Conclusion The presence of the DFS immunofluorescence staining pattern may accompany several pathological conditions and may be a signal of localized inflammation within certain organs or tissues, especially the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuiwen Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Fei
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Das P, Minz RW, Saikia B, Sharma A, Anand S, Singh H, Singh S. Association of Human Leucocyte Antigen Class II, with viral load and immune response to Epstein-Barr virus in adult and pediatric Systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2022; 31:1054-1066. [PMID: 35607991 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease, which is known to be associated with HLA-DRB1 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In the Indian subcontinent where there is high seroendemicity of EBV, we postulated that the association of this virus in adult SLE (aSLE) and pediatric SLE (pSLE) patients would be different and differentially associate with the HLA-DRB1 susceptibility and protective genes. METHODS A total of 109 aSLE, 52 pSLE, 215 adult healthy and 63 pediatric healthy controls were recruited. HLA-DRB1 genotyping by PCR-SSP, EBV load estimation by real-time PCR and antibody profiling (IgG & IgM) to EBV antigens by line blot assay were performed. RESULTS DRB1*15 was found predominant in pSLE patients and DRB1*03 in aSLE patients. DRB1*15/X heterozygous was predominant in overall SLE patients, although disease severity, like hypocomplementemia, higher autoantibody levels and more organ involvement was observed in *15/*15 homozygous state. EBV strongly associated with pSLE patients showing higher percent of EA-D IgG (p < 0.0001) and p22 IgG (p = 0.035) along with higher viral load (p = 0.001) as compared to healthy controls. In addition, the higher EBV DNA load significantly associated with anti-EA-D IgG (p = 0.013) and DRB1*15/*15 (p = 0.007) in pSLE patients as compared to aSLE patients. CONCLUSIONS This study therefore indicates that different HLA-DRB1 allotypes confer susceptibility to SLE in children and adults and disease may be triggered by increased EBV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Das
- Department of Immunopathology, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjana W Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Biman Saikia
- Department of Immunopathology, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Immunopathology, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Heera Singh
- Department of Immunopathology, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surjit Singh
- Advanced Pediatric Centre, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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40
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From risk to chronicity: evolution of autoreactive B cell and antibody responses in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:371-383. [PMID: 35606567 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of disease-specific autoantibody responses and the efficacy of B cell-targeting therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) indicate a pivotal role for B cells in disease pathogenesis. Important advances have shaped our understanding of the involvement of autoantibodies and autoreactive B cells in the disease process. In RA, autoantibodies target antigens with a variety of post-translational modifications such as carbamylation, acetylation and citrullination. B cell responses against citrullinated antigens generate anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), which are themselves modified in the variable domains by abundant N-linked glycans. Insights into the induction of autoreactive B cells against antigens with post-translational modifications and the development of autoantibody features such as isotype usage, epitope recognition, avidity and glycosylation reveal their relationship to particular RA risk factors and clinical phenotypes. Glycosylation of the ACPA variable domain, for example, seems to predict RA onset in ACPA+ healthy individuals, possibly because it affects B cell receptor signalling. Moreover, ACPA-expressing B cells show dynamic phenotypic changes and develop a continuously proliferative and activated phenotype that can persist in patients who are in drug-induced clinical remission. Together, these findings can be integrated into a conceptual framework of immunological autoreactivity in RA, delineating how it develops and persists and why disease activity recurs when therapy is tapered or stopped.
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41
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Tayal S, Bhatia V, Mehrotra T, Bhatnagar S. ImitateDB: A database for domain and motif mimicry incorporating host and pathogen protein interactions. Amino Acids 2022; 54:923-934. [PMID: 35487995 PMCID: PMC9054641 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mimicry of host proteins by pathogens constitutes a strategy to hijack the host pathways. At present, there is no dedicated resource for mimicked domains and motifs in the host-pathogen interactome. In this work, the experimental host-pathogen (HP) and host-host (HH) protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were collated. The domains and motifs of these proteins were annotated using CD Search and ScanProsite, respectively. Host and pathogen proteins with a shared host interactor and similar domain/motif constitute a mimicry pair exhibiting global structural similarity (domain mimicry pair; DMP) or local sequence motif similarity (motif mimicry pair; MMP). Mimicry pairs are likely to be co-expressed and co-localized. 1,97,607 DMPs and 32,67,568 MMPs were identified in 49,265 experimental HP-PPIs and organized in a web-based resource, ImitateDB ( http://imitatedb.sblab-nsit.net ) that can be easily queried. The results are externally integrated using hyperlinked domain PSSM ID, motif ID, protein ID and PubMed ID. Kinase, UL36, Smc and DEXDc were frequent DMP domains whereas protein kinase C phosphorylation, casein kinase 2 phosphorylation, glycosylation and myristoylation sites were frequent MMP motifs. Novel DMP domains SANT, Tudor, PhoX and MMP motif microbody C-terminal targeting signal, cornichon signature and lipocalin signature were proposed. ImitateDB is a novel resource for identifying mimicry in interacting host and pathogen proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Tayal
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Venugopal Bhatia
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Tanya Mehrotra
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
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Laurynenka V, Ding L, Kaufman KM, James JA, Harley JB. A High Prevalence of Anti-EBNA1 Heteroantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Supports Anti-EBNA1 as an Origin for SLE Autoantibodies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830993. [PMID: 35251022 PMCID: PMC8892314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background That Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is established. The challenge is to explain mechanistic roles EBV has in SLE pathogenesis. Previous studies identify four examples of autoantibody cross-reactions between SLE autoantigens and Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1). For two of these examples, the earliest detected autoantibody specifically cross-reacts with EBNA1; thereby, defined EBNA1 epitopes induce a robust autoantibody response in animals. These results suggest that the autoantibodies initiating the process leading to SLE may emerge from the anti-EBNA1 heteroimmune response. If this hypothesis is true, then anti-EBNA1 responses would be more frequent in EBV-infected SLE patients than in EBV-infected controls. We tested this prediction. Methods We evaluated published East Asian data by selecting those with a positive anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA) antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG) test and determining whether anti-EBNA1 was more common among the EBV-infected SLE cases than among matched EBV-infected controls with conditional logistic regression analysis. Results All the qualifying SLE patients (100%) in this dataset were EBV-infected compared to age- and sex-matched controls (92.2%) [odds ratio (OR) = 28.6, 95% CI 6.4–∞, p = 8.83 × 10-8], confirming the known close association of EBV infection with SLE. Furthermore, virtually all the SLE cases have both anti-VCA IgG and anti-EBNA1 IgG antibodies [124 of 125 (99.2%)], which are more frequently present than in age- and sex-matched EBV-infected controls [232 of 250 (93.2%)] (OR = 9.7, 95% CI 1.5–414, p = 0.0078) for an 89.7% SLE attributable risk from anti-EBNA1, which is in addition to the 100% SLE risk attributable to EBV infection in these data. Conclusions The association of EBV infection with SLE is reconfirmed. The prediction that anti-EBNA1 is more frequent in these SLE cases than in EBV-infected controls is true, consistent with the hypothesis that anti-EBNA1 contributes to SLE. This second EBV-dependent risk factor is consistent with a molecular mimicry model for the generation of SLE, starting with EBV infection, progressing to anti-EBNA1 response; then molecular mimicry leads to anti-EBNA1 antibodies cross-reacting with an SLE autoantigen, causing autoantibody epitope spreading, and culminating in clinical SLE. These results support the anti-EBNA1 heteroimmune response being a foundation from which pathogenic SLE autoimmunity emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoryia Laurynenka
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lili Ding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth M Kaufman
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Research Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - John B Harley
- Research Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Cincinnati Education and Research for Veterans Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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43
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Iwata S, Tanaka Y. Association of Viral Infection With the Development and Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:849120. [PMID: 35280878 PMCID: PMC8914279 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.849120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that causes multiple organ damage in women of childbearing age and has a relapsing-remitting course. SLE is caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, however, its underlying triggers remain unknown. Among the environmental factors, the involvement of infections as a trigger for SLE, especially those of viral etiology, has been widely reported. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) may put patients at a genetic predisposition to SLE, while the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may play a role as an environmental factor that triggers the development of SLE. It has been suggested that EBV-infected B-cells may become resistant to apoptosis, resulting in the activation, proliferation, and antibody production of autoreactive B-cells, which cause tissue damage in SLE. However, the interaction between the virus and immune cells, as well as the impact of the virus on the differentiation and dysfunction of immune cells, remain unclear. In this review, we focus on the relationship between the development and pathogenesis of SLE and viral infections, as well as the mechanism of SLE exacerbation via activation of immune cells, such as B-cells, based on the latest findings.
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44
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Sternhagen E, Bettendorf B, Lenert A, Lenert PS. The Role of Clinical Features and Serum Biomarkers in Identifying Patients with Incomplete Lupus Erythematosus at Higher Risk of Transitioning to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Current Perspectives. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1133-1145. [PMID: 35210816 PMCID: PMC8863324 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s275043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) enabled earlier diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other ANA+ connective tissue diseases (CTD). Rheumatologists increasingly encounter high referral volume of ANA+ patients. It has been estimated that only a small percentage of these patients will eventually transition to either SLE or other specified CTD. Incomplete lupus erythematosus (ILE) has been defined as a subset of patients who have some SLE-specific clinical manifestations but do not meet currently accepted classification criteria for SLE. Several studies have been performed with the goal of identifying clinical features, serum and tissue biomarkers that can distinguish those patients with ILE at risk of transitioning to SLE from those who will not. Increased autoantibody diversity, presence of anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies, high expression of type I and type II interferon (IFN)-gene products, increased serum levels of B-cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), and certain serum cytokines and complement products have been identified as markers with positive predictive value, particularly when combined together. Once this patient population is better characterized biochemically, clinical trials should be considered with the primary objective to completely halt or slow down the transition from ILE to SLE. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) appears to be a promising agent due to its good tolerability and low toxicity profile and open-label studies in ILE patients have already shown its ability to delay the onset of SLE. Other therapeutics, like those targeting abnormal type I and type II IFN-signatures, B-cell specific signaling pathways, complement activation pathways and high BAFF levels should also be evaluated, but the risk to benefit ratio must be carefully determined before they can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Sternhagen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Brittany Bettendorf
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Aleksander Lenert
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Petar S Lenert
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Correspondence: Petar S Lenert, Clinical Professor of Medicine, C428-2GH, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa City, 52242, USA, Email
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45
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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46
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Carter LM, McGonagle D, Vital EM, Wittmann M. Applying Early Intervention Strategies to Autoimmune Skin Diseases. Is the Window of Opportunity Preclinical? A Dermato-Rheumatology Perspective. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:944-950. [PMID: 35034771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many inflammatory skin diseases exhibit a chronic course with unsatisfactory long-term outcomes. Insights into early intervention approaches in other autoimmune contexts could improve the trajectory of lifelong diseases in terms of sustained remission or minimal disease activity, reduced requirement for therapy and medical resource use, and improved QoL. In both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), we have learned that the timing and intensity of early interventions can influence later outcomes. Investigation into early RA, PsA, and systemic lupus erythematosus has shown that the optimal window of opportunity may even extend into asymptomatic preclinical phases of diseases. Notably, early and preclinical diseases may have pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets that differ from those of the established disease. In this paper, we review the literature on these insights and discuss how similar research and therapeutic strategies may be investigated in cutaneous autoimmunity. We highlight the contribution of skin-resident cells to diseases that were previously thought to be initiated in the primary and secondary lymphoid organs of the immune system. We focus on two dermato‒rheumatology conditions-lupus and psoriasis-which share the commonality that effective early cutaneous disease therapy may have far-reaching implications on abrogating potentially severe systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M Carter
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Wood RA, Guthridge L, Thurmond E, Guthridge CJ, Kheir JM, Bourn RL, Wagner CA, Chen H, DeJager W, Macwana SR, Kamp S, Lu R, Arriens C, Chakravarty EF, Thanou A, Merrill JT, Guthridge JM, James JA. Serologic markers of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation are associated with increased disease activity, inflammation, and interferon pathway activation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 4:100117. [PMID: 35005588 PMCID: PMC8716608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SLE is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by an unpredictable relapsing-remitting disease course. Although the etiology and mechanisms of SLE flares remain elusive, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation is implicated in SLE pathogenesis. This study examined the relationships between serological measures of EBV reactivation, disease activity, and interferon (IFN)-associated immune pathways in SLE patients. Sera from adult SLE patients (n = 175) and matched unaffected controls (n = 47) were collected and tested for antibodies against EBV-viral capsid antigen (EBV-VCA; IgG and IgA), EBV-early antigen (EBV-EA; IgG), cytomegalovirus (CMV; IgG), and herpes simplex virus (HSV-1; IgG). Serological evidence of EBV reactivation was more common in SLE patients compared to controls as demonstrated by seropositivity to EBV-EA IgG (39% vs 13%; p = 0.0011) and EBV-VCA IgA (37% vs 17%; p = 0.018). EBV-VCA, CMV1, and HSV-1 IgG seropositivity rates did not differ between SLE patients and controls. Furthermore, concentrations of EBV-VCA (IgG and IgA) and EBV-EA (IgG) were higher in SLE patients. SLE patients with high disease activity had increased concentrations of EBV-VCA IgA (mean ISR 1.34 vs. 0.97; p = 0.041) and EBV-EA IgG levels (mean ISR 1.38 vs. 0.90; p = 0.007) compared with those with lower disease activity. EBV reactivation was associated with enhanced levels of the IFN-associated molecule IP-10 (p < 0.001) and the soluble mediators BLyS (p < 0.001) and IL-10 (p = 0.0011). In addition, EBV-EA IgG responses were enriched in two previously defined patient clusters with robust expression of IFN and inflammatory or lymphoid and monocyte responses. Patients in these clusters were also more likely to have major organ involvement, such as renal disease. This study supports a possible role for EBV reactivation in SLE disease activity. Serologic markers of EBV reactivation are more common in SLE patients. Elevated EBV reactivation is associated with higher SLE disease activity. EBV serologic reactivation correlates with elevated IP-10, IL-10, and BLyS levels. EBV reactivation occurs in SLE clusters with robust inflammatory and IFN responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Wood
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Lauren Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Emma Thurmond
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Carla J Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Joseph M Kheir
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rebecka L Bourn
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Catriona A Wagner
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Hua Chen
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Wade DeJager
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Susan R Macwana
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Stan Kamp
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rufei Lu
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Cristina Arriens
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Eliza F Chakravarty
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Aikaterini Thanou
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Joan T Merrill
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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Ha E, Bae SC, Kim K. Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 44:29-46. [PMID: 34731289 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a polygenic chronic autoimmune disease leading to multiple organ damage. A large heritability of up to 66% is estimated in SLE, with roughly 180 reported susceptibility loci that have been identified mostly by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and account for approximately 30% of genetic heritability. A vast majority of risk variants reside in non-coding regions, which makes it quite challenging to interpret their functional implications in the SLE-affected immune system, suggesting the importance of understanding cell type-specific epigenetic regulation around SLE GWAS variants. The latest genetic studies have been highly fruitful as several dozens of SLE loci were newly discovered in the last few years and many loci have come to be understood in systemic approaches integrating GWAS signals with other biological resources. In this review, we summarize SLE-associated genetic variants in both the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC loci, examining polygenetic risk scores for SLE and their associations with clinical features. Finally, variant-driven pathogenetic functions underlying genetic associations are described, coupled with discussion about challenges and future directions in genetic studies on SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Ha
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwangwoo Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Gryka-Marton M, Szukiewicz D, Teliga-Czajkowska J, Olesinska M. An Overview of Neonatal Lupus with Anti-Ro Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9281. [PMID: 34502221 PMCID: PMC8431034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is a syndrome of clinical symptoms observed in neonates born to mothers with antibodies to soluble antigens of the cell nucleus. The main factors contributing to the pathogenesis of this disease are anti-Sjögren Syndrome A (anti-SS-A) antibodies, known as anti-Ro, and anti-Sjögren Syndrome B (anti-SS-B) antibodies, known as anti-La. Recent publications have also shown the significant role of anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies (anti-RNP). Seropositive mothers may have a diagnosed rheumatic disease or they can be asymptomatic without diagnosis at the time of childbirth. These antibodies, after crossing the placenta, may trigger a cascade of inflammatory reactions. The symptoms of NLE can be divided into reversible symptoms, which concern skin, hematological, and hepatological changes, but 2% of children develop irreversible symptoms, which include disturbances of the cardiac stimulatory and conduction system. Preconceptive care and pharmacological prophylaxis of NLE in the case of mothers from the risk group are important, as well as the monitoring of the clinical condition of the mother and fetus throughout pregnancy and the neonatal period. The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the previous literature and current state of knowledge about neonatal lupus and to discuss the role of anti-Ro in the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Gryka-Marton
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Justyna Teliga-Czajkowska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Didactics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marzena Olesinska
- Department of Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
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Abstract
A mouse model supports the hypothesis that latent Epstein-Barr virus exacerbates the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Taussig
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yariv Wine
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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