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Shi H, Zhang X, Ge P, Meliopoulos V, Freiden P, Livingston B, Schultz-Cherry S, Ross TM. Inactivated influenza virus vaccines expressing COBRA hemagglutinin elicited broadly reactive, long-lived protective antibodies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2356269. [PMID: 38826029 PMCID: PMC11152115 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2356269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The influenza viruses cause seasonal respiratory illness that affect millions of people globally every year. Prophylactic vaccines are the recommended method to prevent the breakout of influenza epidemics. One of the current commercial influenza vaccines consists of inactivated viruses that are selected months prior to the start of a new influenza season. In many seasons, the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of these vaccines can be relatively low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an improved, more universal influenza vaccine (UIV) that can provide broad protection against various drifted strains in all age groups. To meet this need, the computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology was developed to design a hemagglutinin (HA) molecule as a new influenza vaccine. In this study, COBRA HA-based inactivated influenza viruses (IIV) expressing the COBRA HA from H1 or H3 influenza viruses were developed and characterized for the elicitation of immediate and long-term protective immunity in both immunologically naïve or influenza pre-immune animal models. These results were compared to animals vaccinated with IIV vaccines expressing wild-type H1 or H3 HA proteins (WT-IIV). The COBRA-IIV elicited long-lasting broadly reactive antibodies that had hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) activity against drifted influenza variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Pan Ge
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pam Freiden
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brandi Livingston
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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Andreychyn M, Melnyk L, Zavidniiuk N, Nychyk N, Iosyk I. Interleukins in the pathogenesis of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e109. [PMID: 39344895 PMCID: PMC11450507 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) are among the most common human diseases. In recent decades, the discovery of cytokines and their significance in the pathogenesis of diseases has led to extensive research on these compounds in various pathologies including ARVIs. The aim of the research was to study the cytokine profile in patients with ARVIs. The cases of 30 patients were investigated. Etiological diagnosis was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Different classes of cytokines in the serum were defined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of cytokines depended on the number of pathogens. The highest levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins and the lowest levels of anti-inflammatory IL-4 were observed in patients with a combination of five or more viruses compared to those with a monoinfection. Analysis of the data showed that in the acute phase, the levels of all studied pro-inflammatory cytokines - IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α - increased by 8, 39, and 9 times, respectively, compared to those in healthy individuals. In the acute phase of ARVI, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher and depended on the severity of the disease. The imbalance of cytokines in the serum has been established in cases of ARVIs, depending on the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykchaylo Andreychyn
- Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology, Dermatology and Venerology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Melnyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology, Dermatology and Venerology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Zavidniiuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology, Dermatology and Venerology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Natalya Nychyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology, Dermatology and Venerology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Iaryna Iosyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology, Dermatology and Venerology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
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3
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Kutkat O, Gomaa M, Aboulhoda BE, Moatasim Y, El Taweel A, Kamel MN, El Sayes M, Elkhrsawy A, AbdAllah H, Kandeil A, McKenzie PP, Webby RJ, Ali MA, Kayali G, El-Shesheny R. Genetic and virological characteristics of a reassortant avian influenza A H6N1 virus isolated from wild birds at a live-bird market in Egypt. Arch Virol 2024; 169:95. [PMID: 38594485 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The first detection of a human infection with avian influenza A/H6N1 virus in Taiwan in 2013 has raised concerns about this virus. During our routine surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in live-bird markets in Egypt, an H6N1 virus was isolated from a garganey duck and was characterized. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Egyptian H6N1 strain A/Garganey/Egypt/20869C/2022(H6N1) has a unique genomic constellation, with gene segments inherited from different subtypes (H5N1, H3N8, H7N3, H6N1, and H10N1) that have been detected previously in AIVs from Egypt and some Eurasian countries. We examined the replication of kinetics of this virus in different mammalian cell lines (A549, MDCK, and Vero cells) and compared its pathogenicity to that of the ancestral H6N1 virus A/Quail/HK/421/2002(H6N1). The Egyptian H6N1 virus replicated efficiently in C57BL/6 mice without prior adaptation and grew faster and reached higher titers than in A549 cells than the ancestral strain. These results show that reassortant H6 AIVs might pose a potential threat to human health and highlight the need to continue surveillance of H6 AIVs circulating in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar Gomaa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Taweel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mina Nabil Kamel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El Sayes
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amany Elkhrsawy
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hend AbdAllah
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Pamela P McKenzie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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4
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Bessière P, Gaide N, Croville G, Crispo M, Fusade-Boyer M, Abou Monsef Y, Dirat M, Beltrame M, Dendauw P, Lemberger K, Guérin JL, Le Loc'h G. High pathogenicity avian influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in a captive Tibetan black bear ( Ursus thibetanus): investigations based on paraffin-embedded tissues, France, 2022. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0373623. [PMID: 38305177 PMCID: PMC10913436 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03736-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) H5Nx of clade 2.3.4.4b have been circulating increasingly in both wild and domestic birds in recent years. In turn, this has led to an increase in the number of spillover events affecting mammals. In November 2022, an HPAIV H5N1 caused an outbreak in a zoological park in the south of France, resulting in the death of a Tibetan black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and several captive and wild bird species. We detected the virus in various tissues of the bear and a wild black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) found dead in its enclosure using histopathology, two different in situ detection techniques, and next-generation sequencing, all performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Phylogenetic analysis performed on the hemagglutinin gene segment showed that bear and gull strains shared 99.998% genetic identity, making the bird strain the closest related strain. We detected the PB2 E627K mutation in minute quantities in the gull, whereas it predominated in the bear, which suggests that this mammalian adaptation marker was selected during the bear infection. Our results provide the first molecular and histopathological characterization of an H5N1 virus infection in this bear species. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses are able to cross the species barrier between birds and mammals because of their high genetic diversity and mutation rate. Using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, we were able to investigate a Tibetan black bear's infection by a high pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza virus at the molecular, phylogenetic, and histological levels. Our results highlight the importance of virological surveillance programs in mammals and the importance of raising awareness among veterinarians and zookeepers of the clinical presentations associated with H5Nx virus infection in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Gaide
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Manuela Crispo
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Malorie Dirat
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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5
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Khalil AM, Nogales A, Martínez-Sobrido L, Mostafa A. Antiviral responses versus virus-induced cellular shutoff: a game of thrones between influenza A virus NS1 and SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1357866. [PMID: 38375361 PMCID: PMC10875036 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1357866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Following virus recognition of host cell receptors and viral particle/genome internalization, viruses replicate in the host via hijacking essential host cell machinery components to evade the provoked antiviral innate immunity against the invading pathogen. Respiratory viral infections are usually acute with the ability to activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in/on host cells, resulting in the production and release of interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) to reduce virus fitness and mitigate infection. Nevertheless, the game between viruses and the host is a complicated and dynamic process, in which they restrict each other via specific factors to maintain their own advantages and win this game. The primary role of the non-structural protein 1 (NS1 and Nsp1) of influenza A viruses (IAV) and the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), respectively, is to control antiviral host-induced innate immune responses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the genesis, spatial structure, viral and cellular interactors, and the mechanisms underlying the unique biological functions of IAV NS1 and SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 in infected host cells. We also highlight the role of both non-structural proteins in modulating viral replication and pathogenicity. Eventually, and because of their important role during viral infection, we also describe their promising potential as targets for antiviral therapy and the development of live attenuated vaccines (LAV). Conclusively, both IAV NS1 and SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 play an important role in virus-host interactions, viral replication, and pathogenesis, and pave the way to develop novel prophylactic and/or therapeutic interventions for the treatment of these important human respiratory viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Magdy Khalil
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Center for Animal Health Research, CISA-INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Cheng J, Tao J, Li B, Shi Y, Liu H. The lncRNA HCG4 regulates the RIG-I-mediated IFN production to suppress H1N1 swine influenza virus replication. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1324218. [PMID: 38274760 PMCID: PMC10808666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1324218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a virulence factor that allows the virus to replicate efficiently by suppressing host innate immune responses. Previously, we demonstrated that the serine (S) at position 42 of NS1 in H1N1 swine influenza virus (SIV) is a critical residue in interferon (IFN) resistance, thus facilitating viral infections. Here, by lncRNA-seq, a total of 153 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified, and the lncRNA HCG4 was selected due to its significantly higher expression after infection with the NS1 S42P mutant virus. Overexpression of HCG4 enhanced IFN-β production and suppressed SIV infection, highlighting the potential antiviral activity of HCG4 against SIV. Further investigation suggested that HCG4 served as a positive feedback mediator for RIG-I signaling. It alleviated the inhibitory effect on RIG-I K63-linked ubiquitination by NS1 protein, thereby resulting in an increase in RIG-I-mediated IFN production. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that HCG4 modulates the innate immune response to SIV infection through K63-linked RIG-I ubiquitination, providing insights into the role of lncRNAs in controlling viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Cheng
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Breeding, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pig Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Breeding, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pig Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Benqiang Li
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Breeding, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pig Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Breeding, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pig Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Breeding, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pig Breeding, Shanghai, China
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7
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Alasiri A, Soltane R, Hegazy A, Khalil AM, Mahmoud SH, Khalil AA, Martinez-Sobrido L, Mostafa A. Vaccination and Antiviral Treatment against Avian Influenza H5Nx Viruses: A Harbinger of Virus Control or Evolution. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1628. [PMID: 38005960 PMCID: PMC10675773 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the panzootic nature of emergent highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses in wild migratory birds and domestic poultry, only a limited number of human infections with H5Nx viruses have been identified since its emergence in 1996. Few countries with endemic avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have implemented vaccination as a control strategy, while most of the countries have adopted a culling strategy for the infected flocks. To date, China and Egypt are the two major sites where vaccination has been adopted to control avian influenza H5Nx infections, especially with the widespread circulation of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses. This virus is currently circulating among birds and poultry, with occasional spillovers to mammals, including humans. Herein, we will discuss the history of AIVs in Egypt as one of the hotspots for infections and the improper implementation of prophylactic and therapeutic control strategies, leading to continuous flock outbreaks with remarkable virus evolution scenarios. Along with current pre-pandemic preparedness efforts, comprehensive surveillance of H5Nx viruses in wild birds, domestic poultry, and mammals, including humans, in endemic areas is critical to explore the public health risk of the newly emerging immune-evasive or drug-resistant H5Nx variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Alasiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Raya Soltane
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Akram Hegazy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza District, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Magdy Khalil
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sara H. Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Khalil
- Veterinary Sera and Vaccines Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Cairo 11435, Egypt;
| | | | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt;
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8
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Javorsky A, Humbert PO, Kvansakul M. Viral manipulation of cell polarity signalling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119536. [PMID: 37437846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the asymmetric distribution of biomacromolecules that enable the correct orientation of a cell in a particular direction. It is thus an essential component for appropriate tissue development and function. Viral infections can lead to dysregulation of polarity. This is associated with a poor prognosis due to viral interference with core cell polarity regulatory scaffolding proteins that often feature PDZ (PSD-95, DLG, and ZO-1) domains including Scrib, Dlg, Pals1, PatJ, Par3 and Par6. PDZ domains are also promiscuous, binding to several different partners through their C-terminal region which contain PDZ-binding motifs (PBM). Numerous viruses encode viral effector proteins that target cell polarity regulators for their benefit and include papillomaviruses, flaviviruses and coronaviruses. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action utilised by viral effector proteins to subvert host cell polarity sigalling will provide avenues for future therapeutic intervention, while at the same time enhance our understanding of cell polarity regulation and its role tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airah Javorsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Research Centre for Molecular Cancer Prevention, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Research Centre for Molecular Cancer Prevention, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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9
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Griffin EF, Tompkins SM. Fitness Determinants of Influenza A Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:1959. [PMID: 37766365 PMCID: PMC10535923 DOI: 10.3390/v15091959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A (IAV) is a major human respiratory pathogen that causes illness, hospitalizations, and mortality annually worldwide. IAV is also a zoonotic pathogen with a multitude of hosts, allowing for interspecies transmission, reassortment events, and the emergence of novel pandemics, as was seen in 2009 with the emergence of a swine-origin H1N1 (pdmH1N1) virus into humans, causing the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. While the 2009 pandemic was considered to have high morbidity and low mortality, studies have linked the pdmH1N1 virus and its gene segments to increased disease in humans and animal models. Genetic components of the pdmH1N1 virus currently circulate in the swine population, reassorting with endemic swine viruses that co-circulate and occasionally spillover into humans. This is evidenced by the regular detection of variant swine IAVs in humans associated with state fairs and other intersections of humans and swine. Defining genetic changes that support species adaptation, virulence, and cross-species transmission, as well as mutations that enhance or attenuate these features, will improve our understanding of influenza biology. It aids in surveillance and virus risk assessment and guides the establishment of counter measures for emerging viruses. Here, we review the current understanding of the determinants of specific IAV phenotypes, focusing on the fitness, transmission, and virulence determinants that have been identified in swine IAVs and/or in relation to the 2009 pdmH1N1 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Fate Griffin
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephen Mark Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), Athens, GA 30602, USA
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10
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Peletta A, Lemoine C, Courant T, Collin N, Borchard G. Meeting vaccine formulation challenges in an emergency setting: Towards the development of accessible vaccines. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106699. [PMID: 36796463 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is considered one of the most successful strategies to prevent infectious diseases. In the event of a pandemic or epidemic, the rapid development and distribution of the vaccine to the population is essential to reduce mortality, morbidity and transmission. As seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, the production and distribution of vaccines has been challenging, in particular for resource-constrained settings, essentially slowing down the process of achieving global coverage. Pricing, storage, transportation and delivery requirements of several vaccines developed in high-income countries resulted in limited access for low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The capacity to manufacture vaccines locally would greatly improve global vaccine access. In particular, for the development of classical subunit vaccines, the access to vaccine adjuvants is a pre-requisite for more equitable access to vaccines. Vaccine adjuvants are agents required to augment or potentiate, and possibly target the specific immune response to such type of vaccine antigens. Openly accessible or locally produced vaccine adjuvants may allow for faster immunization of the global population. For local research and development of adjuvanted vaccines to expand, knowledge on vaccine formulation is of paramount importance. In this review, we aim to discuss the optimal characteristics of a vaccine developed in an emergency setting by focusing on the importance of vaccine formulation, appropriate use of adjuvants and how this may help overcome barriers for vaccine development and production in LMICs, achieve improved vaccine regimens, delivery and storage requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Peletta
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1221 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Céline Lemoine
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Courant
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1221 Geneva, Switzerland.
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11
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Li K, McCaw JM, Cao P. Enhanced viral infectivity and reduced interferon production are associated with high pathogenicity for influenza viruses. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010886. [PMID: 36758109 PMCID: PMC9946260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical evidence indicates that humans infected with the 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus and highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses often displayed severe lung pathology. High viral load and extensive infiltration of macrophages are the hallmarks of highly pathogenic (HP) influenza viral infections. However, it remains unclear what biological mechanisms primarily determine the observed difference in the kinetics of viral load and macrophages between HP and low pathogenic (LP) viral infections, and how the mechanistic differences are associated with viral pathogenicity. In this study, we develop a mathematical model of viral dynamics that includes the dynamics of different macrophage populations and interferon. We fit the model to in vivo kinetic data of viral load and macrophage level from BALB/c mice infected with an HP or LP strain of H1N1/H5N1 virus to estimate model parameters using Bayesian inference. Our primary finding is that HP viruses have a higher viral infection rate, a lower interferon production rate and a lower macrophage recruitment rate compared to LP viruses, which are strongly associated with more severe tissue damage (quantified by a higher percentage of epithelial cell loss). We also quantify the relative contribution of macrophages to viral clearance and find that macrophages do not play a dominant role in the direct clearance of free viruses although their role in mediating immune responses such as interferon production is crucial. Our work provides new insight into the mechanisms that convey the observed difference in viral and macrophage kinetics between HP and LP infections and establishes an improved model-fitting framework to enhance the analysis of new data on viral pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - James M. McCaw
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pengxing Cao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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12
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El-Shesheny R, Moatasim Y, Mahmoud SH, Song Y, El Taweel A, Gomaa M, Kamel MN, Sayes ME, Kandeil A, Lam TTY, McKenzie PP, Webby RJ, Kayali G, Ali MA. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Live Bird Markets, Egypt. Pathogens 2022; 12:36. [PMID: 36678384 PMCID: PMC9866256 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx influenza viruses have further diversified into several subclades. Sub-clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and detected in Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America since October 2020. In this study, we report the first detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in wild birds and domestic ducks from live bird markets in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Egyptian H5N1 virus retained the genomic composition of Eurasian strains. Mutations in the viral proteins associated with zoonotic potential and pathogenicity were detected in Egyptian isolates. Egypt is considered a hot spot for the evolution of the influenza virus, so active surveillance of avian influenza viruses in Egypt is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Sara H. Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Yi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ahmed El Taweel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar Gomaa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mina Nabil Kamel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El Sayes
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tommy T. Y. Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Immunology & Infection Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pamela P. McKenzie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Human Link, Dubai 3O-01-BA380, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
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13
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Sun H, Wang K, Yao W, Liu J, Lv L, Shi X, Chen H. Inter-Fighting between Influenza A Virus NS1 and β-TrCP: A Novel Mechanism of Anti-Influenza Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112426. [PMID: 36366524 PMCID: PMC9699209 DOI: 10.3390/v14112426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) prevents innate immune signaling during infection. In our previous study, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was associated with Cullin-1 RING ligase (CRL1), which was related to NF-κB activation. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, an E3 ligase, β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP), was significantly downregulated during IAV infection. Co-IP analysis revealed that non-structural 1 protein (NS1) interacts with β-TrCP. With co-transfection, an increase in NS1 expression led to a reduction in β-TrCP expression, affecting the level of IκBα and then resulting in repression of the activation of the NF-κB pathway during IAV infection. In addition, β-TrCP targets the viral NS1 protein and significantly reduces the replication level of influenza virus. Our results provide a novel mechanism for influenza to modulate its immune response during infection, and β-TrCP may be a novel target for influenza virus antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinjin Shi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (H.C.)
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14
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Molecular Characteristics, Receptor Specificity, and Pathogenicity of Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Wild Ducks in Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810829. [PMID: 36142740 PMCID: PMC9502348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) of wild ducks are known to be able to sporadically infect domestic birds and spread along poultry. Regular surveillance of AIV in the wild is needed to prepare for potential outbreaks. During long-year monitoring, 46 strains of AIV were isolated from gulls and mallards in Moscow ponds and completely sequenced. Amino acid positions that affect the pathogenicity of influenza viruses in different hosts were tested. The binding affinity of the virus for receptors analogs typical for different hosts and the pathogenicity of viruses for mice and chickens were investigated. Moscow isolates did not contain well-known markers of pathogenicity and/or adaptation to mammals, so as a polybasic cleavage site in HA, substitutions of 226Q and 228G amino acids in the receptor-binding region of HA, and substitutions of 627E and 701D amino acids in the PB2. The PDZ-domain ligand in the NS protein of all studied viruses contains the ESEV or ESEI sequence. Although several viruses had the N66S substitution in the PB1-F2 protein, all Moscow isolates were apathogenic for both mice and chickens. This demonstrates that the phenotypic manifestation of pathogenicity factors is not absolute but depends on the genome context.
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15
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Li YJ, Chen CY, Yang JH, Chiu YF. Modulating cholesterol-rich lipid rafts to disrupt influenza A virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982264. [PMID: 36177026 PMCID: PMC9513517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is widely disseminated across different species and can cause recurrent epidemics and severe pandemics in humans. During infection, IAV attaches to receptors that are predominantly located in cell membrane regions known as lipid rafts, which are highly enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. Following IAV entry into the host cell, uncoating, transcription, and replication of the viral genome occur, after which newly synthesized viral proteins and genomes are delivered to lipid rafts for assembly prior to viral budding from the cell. Moreover, during budding, IAV acquires an envelope with embedded cholesterol from the host cell membrane, and it is known that decreased cholesterol levels on IAV virions reduce infectivity. Statins are commonly used to inhibit cholesterol synthesis for preventing cardiovascular diseases, and several studies have investigated whether such inhibition can block IAV infection and propagation, as well as modulate the host immune response to IAV. Taken together, current research suggests that there may be a role for statins in countering IAV infections and modulating the host immune response to prevent or mitigate cytokine storms, and further investigation into this is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jyun Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-How Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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16
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Noh YH, Kim SC, Jeong CG, Lee SC, Lee DU, Yoon IJ, Kim WI. Pathological Evaluation of Porcine Circovirus 2d (PCV2d) Strain and Comparative Evaluation of PCV2d and PCV2b Inactivated Vaccines against PCV2d Infection in a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Yucatan Miniature Pig Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091469. [PMID: 36146547 PMCID: PMC9501194 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important swine pathogen that causes porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of specific pathogen-free Yucatan miniature pigs (YMPs) as an experimental model for PCV2d challenge and vaccine assessment because PCV2-negative pigs are extremely rare in conventional swine herds in Korea. In the first experiment, every three pigs were subjected to PCV2d field isolate or mock challenge. During three weeks of experiments, the PCV2d infection group exhibited clinical outcomes of PCVAD with high viral loads, lymphoid depletion, and detection of PCV2d antigens in lymphoid organs by immunohistochemistry. In the second experiment, three groups of pigs were challenged with PCV2d after immunization for three weeks: a nonvaccinated group (three pigs), a PCV2b-Vac group vaccinated with a commercial PCV2b-based inactivated vaccine SuiShot® Circo-ONE (five pigs), and a PCV2d-Vac group vaccinated with an experimental PCV2d-based inactivated vaccine (five pigs). During the three weeks of the challenge period, nonvaccinated pigs showed similar clinical outcomes to those observed in the PCV2d infection group from the first experiment. In contrast, both the PCV2b and PCV2d vaccinations produced good levels of protection against PCV2d challenge, as evidenced by reduced viral loads, improved growth performance, high virus-neutralizing antibody titers, and less development of PCV2-associated pathological lesions. Taken together, these data suggest that YMPs could be an alternative model for PCV2 challenge experiments, and these animals displayed typical clinical and pathological features and characteristics of protective immunity induced by the vaccines that were consistent with those resulting from PCV2 infections in conventional pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Noh
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Lee
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Lee
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - In-Joong Yoon
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3981
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17
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Batra A, Banerjee SC, Sharma R. Persistent Correlation in Cellular Noise Determines Longevity of Viral Infections. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7252-7260. [PMID: 35913772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The slowly decaying viral dynamics, even after 2-3 weeks from diagnosis, is one of the characteristics of COVID-19 infection that is still unexplored in theoretical and experimental studies. This long-lived characteristic of viral infections in the framework of inherent variations or noise present at the cellular level is often overlooked. Therefore, in this work, we aim to understand the effect of these variations by proposing a stochastic non-Markovian model that not only captures the coupled dynamics between the immune cells and the virus but also enables the study of the effect of fluctuations. Numerical simulations of our model reveal that the long-range temporal correlations in fluctuations dictate the long-lived dynamics of a viral infection and, in turn, also affect the rates of immune response. Furthermore, predictions of our model system are in agreement with the experimental viral load data of COVID-19 patients from various countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Batra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Shoubhik Chandan Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Rati Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
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18
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Rimondi A, Olivera VS, Soria I, Parisi GD, Rumbo M, Perez DR. Few Amino Acid Mutations in H6 Influenza A Virus From South American Lineage Increase Viral Replication Efficiency in Poultry. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:953738. [PMID: 35966706 PMCID: PMC9363787 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.953738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In chickens, infections due to influenza A virus (IAV) can be mild to severe and lethal. The study of IAV infections in poultry has been mostly limited to strains from the North American and Eurasian lineages, whereas limited information exists on similar studies with strains from the South American lineage (SAm). To better evaluate the risk of introduction of a prototypical SAm IAV strain into poultry, chickens were infected with a wild-type SAm origin strain (WT557/H6N2). The resulting virus progeny was serially passaged in chickens 20 times, and the immunopathological effects of the last passage virus, 20Ch557/H6N2, in chickens were compared to those of the parental strain. A comparison of complete viral genome sequences indicated that the 20Ch557/H6N2 strain contained 13 amino acid differences compared to the wild-type strain. Five of these mutations are in functionally relevant regions of the viral surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). However, despite higher and more prolonged virus shedding in chickens inoculated with the 20Ch557/H6N2 strain compared to those that received the WT557/H6N2 strain, transmission to naïve chickens was not observed for either group. Analyses by flow cytometry of mononuclear cells and lymphocyte subpopulations from the lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocytic cells (IELs) from the ileum revealed a significant increase in the percentages of CD3+TCRγδ+ IELs in chickens inoculated with the 20Ch557/H6N2 strain compared to those inoculated with the WT557/H6N2 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Rimondi
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Valeria S. Olivera
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Ivana Soria
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Gustavo D. Parisi
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Martin Rumbo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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19
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Abstract
Influenza viruses cause respiratory tract infections, which lead to human disease outbreaks and pandemics. Influenza A virus (IAV) circulates in diverse animal species, predominantly aquatic birds. This often results in the emergence of novel viral strains causing severe human disease upon zoonotic transmission. Innate immune sensing of the IAV infection promotes host cell death and inflammatory responses to confer antiviral host defense. Dysregulated respiratory epithelial cell death and excessive proinflammatory responses drive immunopathology in highly pathogenic influenza infections. Here, we discuss the critical mechanisms regulating IAV-induced cell death and proinflammatory responses. We further describe the essential role of the Z-form nucleic acid sensor ZBP1/DAI and RIPK3 in triggering apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis during IAV infection and their impact on host defense and pathogenicity in vivo. We also discuss the functional importance of ZBP1-RIPK3 signaling in recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other viral infections. Understanding these mechanisms of RNA virus-induced cytopathic and pathogenic inflammatory responses is crucial for targeting pathogenic lung infections and human respiratory illness.
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20
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Peng C, Zhao P, Chu J, Zhu J, Li Q, Zhao H, Li Y, Xin L, Yang X, Xie S, Zhu C, Qi W, Xu G, Li J. Characterization of four novel H5N6 avian influenza viruses with the internal genes from H5N1 and H9N2 viruses and experimental challenge of chickens vaccinated with current commercially available H5 vaccines. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:1438-1448. [PMID: 33872465 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 viruses have been responsible for outbreaks in poultry. In this study, four H5N6 virus strains were isolated from faecal samples of sick white ducks and dead chickens in Shandong in 2019. These H5N6 viruses were triple-reassortant viruses that have not been previously characterized. Their HA genes were derived from the H5 viruses and were closely related to the vaccine strain Re-11. Their NA genes all fell into the N6-like lineage and the internal gene were derived from H5N1 and H9N2 viruses. They all showed high pathogenicity in mice and caused lethal infection with high rates of transmission in chickens. Moreover, the SPF chickens inoculated with the currently used H5 (Re-11 and Re-12 strains)/H7 (H7-Re-2 strain) trivalent inactivated vaccines in China were completely protected from these four H5N6 viruses. Our study indicated the necessity of continued surveillance for H5 influenza A viruses and the importance of timely update of vaccine strains in poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junda Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuchen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyuan Zhao
- Jilin Guan Jie Biological Technology Co., LTD, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, China
| | - Lingxiang Xin
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changdong Zhu
- Jilin Guan Jie Biological Technology Co., LTD, Changchun, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanlong Xu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxiang Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Zhang R, Liu R, Huang Y, Chen Z, Cheng L, Fu G, Shi S, Chen H, Wan C, Fu Q. WITHDRAWN: Molecular Evolution and Amino Acid Characteristics of Main Antigen Genes of Clinical Duck-Derived H5N6 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus in East China from 2015 to 2019. Avian Dis 2022; 66:1. [PMID: 35092235 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Rongchang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China,
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Longfei Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Guanghua Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Chunhe Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory of Fujian, Fuzhou 350013, China
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22
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El-Shesheny R, Turner JCM, Walker D, Franks J, Seiler P, Barman S, Feeroz MM, Hasan MK, Akhtar S, Mukherjee N, Kercher L, McKenzie P, Webster RG, Webby RJ. Detection of a Novel Reassortant H9N9 Avian Influenza Virus in Free-Range Ducks in Bangladesh. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122357. [PMID: 34960626 PMCID: PMC8704232 DOI: 10.3390/v13122357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild aquatic birds are the primary natural reservoir for influenza A viruses (IAVs). In this study, an A(H9N9) influenza A virus (A/duck/Bangladesh/44493/2020) was identified via routine surveillance in free-range domestic ducks in Bangladesh. Phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin showed that the H9N9 virus belonged to the Y439-like lineage. The HA gene had the highest nucleotide identity to A/Bean Goose (Anser fabalis)/South Korea/KNU 2019-16/2019 (H9N2). The other seven gene segments clustered within the Eurasian lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.E.-S.); (J.C.M.T.); (D.W.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (N.M.); (L.K.); (P.M.); (R.G.W.)
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Jasmine C. M. Turner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.E.-S.); (J.C.M.T.); (D.W.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (N.M.); (L.K.); (P.M.); (R.G.W.)
| | - David Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.E.-S.); (J.C.M.T.); (D.W.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (N.M.); (L.K.); (P.M.); (R.G.W.)
| | - John Franks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.E.-S.); (J.C.M.T.); (D.W.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (N.M.); (L.K.); (P.M.); (R.G.W.)
| | - Patrick Seiler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.E.-S.); (J.C.M.T.); (D.W.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (N.M.); (L.K.); (P.M.); (R.G.W.)
| | - Subrata Barman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.E.-S.); (J.C.M.T.); (D.W.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (N.M.); (L.K.); (P.M.); (R.G.W.)
| | - Mohammed M. Feeroz
- Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (M.M.F.); (M.K.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (M.M.F.); (M.K.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Sharmin Akhtar
- Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (M.M.F.); (M.K.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Nabanita Mukherjee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.E.-S.); (J.C.M.T.); (D.W.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (N.M.); (L.K.); (P.M.); (R.G.W.)
| | - Lisa Kercher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.E.-S.); (J.C.M.T.); (D.W.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (N.M.); (L.K.); (P.M.); (R.G.W.)
| | - Pamela McKenzie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.E.-S.); (J.C.M.T.); (D.W.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (N.M.); (L.K.); (P.M.); (R.G.W.)
| | - Robert G. Webster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.E.-S.); (J.C.M.T.); (D.W.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (N.M.); (L.K.); (P.M.); (R.G.W.)
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.E.-S.); (J.C.M.T.); (D.W.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (N.M.); (L.K.); (P.M.); (R.G.W.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Zhang M, Liu M, Bai S, Zhao C, Li Z, Xu J, Zhang X. Influenza A Virus-Host Specificity: An Ongoing Cross-Talk Between Viral and Host Factors. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:777885. [PMID: 34803997 PMCID: PMC8602901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.777885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One big threat from influenza A viruses (IAVs) is that novel viruses emerge from mutation alongside reassortment. Some of them have gained the capability to transmit into human from the avian reservoir. Understanding the molecular events and the involved factors in breaking the cross-species barrier holds important implication for the surveillance and prevention of potential influenza outbreaks. In this review, we summarize recent progresses, including several ground-breaking findings, in how the interaction between host and viral factors, exemplified by the PB2 subunit of the influenza virus RNA polymerase co-opting host ANP32 protein to facilitate transcription and replication of the viral genome, shapes the evolution of IAVs from host specificity to cross-species infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences & Animal Influenza Virus Evolution and Pathogenesis Innovation Team of the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbin Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimeng Bai
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences & Animal Influenza Virus Evolution and Pathogenesis Innovation Team of the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Evseev D, Magor KE. Molecular Evolution of the Influenza A Virus Non-structural Protein 1 in Interspecies Transmission and Adaptation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:693204. [PMID: 34671321 PMCID: PMC8521145 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.693204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A viruses plays important roles in viral fitness and in the process of interspecies adaptation. It is one of the most polymorphic and mutation-tolerant proteins of the influenza A genome, but its evolutionary patterns in different host species and the selective pressures that underlie them are hard to define. In this review, we highlight some of the species-specific molecular signatures apparent in different NS1 proteins and discuss two functions of NS1 in the process of viral adaptation to new host species. First, we consider the ability of NS1 proteins to broadly suppress host protein expression through interaction with CPSF4. This NS1 function can be spontaneously lost and regained through mutation and must be balanced against the need for host co-factors to aid efficient viral replication. Evidence suggests that this function of NS1 may be selectively lost in the initial stages of viral adaptation to some new host species. Second, we explore the ability of NS1 proteins to inhibit antiviral interferon signaling, an essential function for viral replication without which the virus is severely attenuated in any host. Innate immune suppression by NS1 not only enables viral replication in tissues, but also dampens the adaptive immune response and immunological memory. NS1 proteins suppress interferon signaling and effector functions through a variety of protein-protein interactions that may differ from host to host but must achieve similar goals. The multifunctional influenza A virus NS1 protein is highly plastic, highly versatile, and demonstrates a diversity of context-dependent solutions to the problem of interspecies adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine E. Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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25
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Gaevert JA, Luque Duque D, Lythe G, Molina-París C, Thomas PG. Quantifying T Cell Cross-Reactivity: Influenza and Coronaviruses. Viruses 2021; 13:1786. [PMID: 34578367 PMCID: PMC8472275 DOI: 10.3390/v13091786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
If viral strains are sufficiently similar in their immunodominant epitopes, then populations of cross-reactive T cells may be boosted by exposure to one strain and provide protection against infection by another at a later date. This type of pre-existing immunity may be important in the adaptive immune response to influenza and to coronaviruses. Patterns of recognition of epitopes by T cell clonotypes (a set of cells sharing the same T cell receptor) are represented as edges on a bipartite network. We describe different methods of constructing bipartite networks that exhibit cross-reactivity, and the dynamics of the T cell repertoire in conditions of homeostasis, infection and re-infection. Cross-reactivity may arise simply by chance, or because immunodominant epitopes of different strains are structurally similar. We introduce a circular space of epitopes, so that T cell cross-reactivity is a quantitative measure of the overlap between clonotypes that recognize similar (that is, close in epitope space) epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ann Gaevert
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Daniel Luque Duque
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.L.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Grant Lythe
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.L.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Carmen Molina-París
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.L.D.); (G.L.)
- T-6, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Paul Glyndwr Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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26
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Yeo SJ, Hoang VT, Duong TB, Nguyen NM, Tuong HT, Azam M, Sung HW, Park H. Emergence of a Novel Reassortant H5N3 Avian Influenza Virus in Korean Mallard Ducks in 2018. Intervirology 2021; 65:1-16. [PMID: 34438407 DOI: 10.1159/000517057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The avian influenza (AI) virus causes a highly contagious disease which is common in wild and domestic birds and sporadic in humans. Mutations and genetic reassortments among the 8 negative-sense RNA segments of the viral genome alter its pathogenic potential, demanding well-targeted, active surveillance for infection control. METHODS Wild duck fecal samples were collected during the 2018 bird health annual surveillance in South Korea for tracking variations of the AI virus. One low-pathogenic avian influenza H5N3 reassortment virus (A/mallard duck/South Korea/KNU18-91/2018 [H5N3]) was isolated and genomically characterized by phylogenetic and molecular analyses in this study. RESULTS It was devoid of polybasic amino acids at the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site and exhibited a stalk region without deletion in the neuraminidase (NA) gene and NA inhibitor resistance-linked E/D627K/N and D701N marker mutations in the PB2 gene, suggesting its low-pathogenic AI. It showed a potential of a reassortment where only HA originated from the H5N3 poultry virus of China and other genes were derived from Mongolia. In phylogenetic analysis, HA was different from that of the isolate of H5N3 in Korea, 2015. In addition, this novel virus showed adaptation in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, with 8.05 ± 0.14 log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) /mL at 36 h postinfection. However, it could not replicate in mice well, showing positive growth at 3 days postinfection (dpi) (2.1 ± 0.13 log10 TCID50/mL) but not at 6 dpi. CONCLUSIONS The HA antigenic relationship of A/mallard duck/South Korea/KNU18-91/2018 (H5N3) showed differences toward one of the old low-pathogenic H5N3 viruses in Korea. These results indicated that a novel reassortment low-pathogenic avian influenza H5N3 subtype virus emerged in South Korea in 2018 via novel multiple reassortments with Eurasian viruses, rather than one of old Korean H5N3 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ju Yeo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Vui Thi Hoang
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Bao Duong
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Minh Nguyen
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hien Thi Tuong
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudsser Azam
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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27
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Sasidharan S, Gosu V, Shin D, Nath S, Tripathi T, Saudagar P. Therapeutic p28 peptide targets essential H1N1 influenza virus proteins: insights from docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Mol Divers 2021; 25:1929-1943. [PMID: 33575983 PMCID: PMC7877518 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The H1N1 influenza virus causes a severe disease that affects the human respiratory tract leading to millions of deaths every year. At present, certain vaccines and few drugs are used to control the virus during seasonal outbreaks. However, high mutation rates and genetic reassortment make it challenging to prevent and mitigate outbreaks, leading to pandemics. Thus, alternate therapies are required for its management and control. Here, we report that a bacterial protein, azurin, and its peptide derivatives p18 and p28 target critical proteins of the influenza virus in an effective manner. The molecular docking studies show that the p28 peptide could target C-PB1, NS1-ED, PB2-CBD, PB2-RBD, NP, and PA proteins. These complexes were further subjected to the simulation of molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculations. The data indicate that p28 has an unusually high affinity and forms stable complexes with the viral proteins C-PB1, PB2-CBD, PB2-RBD, and NP. We suggest that the azurin derivative p28 peptide can act as an anti-influenza agent as it can bind to multiple targets and neutralize the virus. Additional experimental studies need to be conducted to evaluate its safety and efficacy as an anti-H1N1 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Sasidharan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Vijayakumar Gosu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhradip Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Prakash Saudagar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India.
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28
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Ji ZX, Wang XQ, Liu XF. NS1: A Key Protein in the "Game" Between Influenza A Virus and Host in Innate Immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:670177. [PMID: 34327148 PMCID: PMC8315046 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.670177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the influenza pandemic occurred in 1918, people have recognized the perniciousness of this virus. It can cause mild to severe infections in animals and humans worldwide, with extremely high morbidity and mortality. Since the first day of human discovery of it, the “game” between the influenza virus and the host has never stopped. NS1 protein is the key protein of the influenza virus against host innate immunity. The interaction between viruses and organisms is a complex and dynamic process, in which they restrict each other, but retain their own advantages. In this review, we start by introducing the structure and biological characteristics of NS1, and then investigate the factors that affect pathogenicity of influenza which determined by NS1. In order to uncover the importance of NS1, we analyze the interaction of NS1 protein with interferon system in innate immunity and the molecular mechanism of host antagonism to NS1 protein, highlight the unique biological function of NS1 protein in cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Xing Ji
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Fan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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29
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Sohrabi F, Saeidifard S, Ghasemi M, Asadishad T, Hamidi SM, Hosseini SM. Role of plasmonics in detection of deadliest viruses: a review. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2021; 136:675. [PMID: 34178567 PMCID: PMC8214556 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have threatened animal and human lives since a long time ago all over the world. Some of these tiny particles have caused disastrous pandemics that killed a large number of people with subsequent economic downturns. In addition, the quarantine situation itself encounters the challenges like the deficiency in the online educational system, psychiatric problems and poor international relations. Although viruses have a rather simple protein structure, they have structural heterogeneity with a high tendency to mutation that impedes their study. On top of the breadth of such worldwide worrying issues, there are profound scientific gaps, and several unanswered questions, like lack of vaccines or antivirals to combat these pathogens. Various detection techniques like the nucleic acid test, immunoassay, and microscopy have been developed; however, there is a tradeoff between their advantages and disadvantages like safety in sample collecting, invasiveness, sensitivity, response time, etc. One of the highly resolved techniques that can provide early-stage detection with fast experiment duration is plasmonics. This optical technique has the capability to detect viral proteins and genomes at the early stage via highly sensitive interaction between the biological target and the plasmonic chip. The efficiency of this technique could be proved using commercialized techniques like reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. In this study, we aim to review the role of plasmonic technique in the detection of 11 deadliest viruses besides 2 common genital viruses for the human being. This is a rapidly moving topic of research, and a review article that encompasses the current findings may be useful for guiding strategies to deal with the pandemics. By investigating the potential aspects of this technique, we hope that this study could open new avenues toward the application of point-of-care techniques for virus detection at early stage that may inhibit the progressively hygienic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foozieh Sohrabi
- Magneto-Plasmonic Lab, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshju Boulevard, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajede Saeidifard
- Magneto-Plasmonic Lab, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshju Boulevard, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Masih Ghasemi
- Magneto-Plasmonic Lab, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshju Boulevard, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Asadishad
- Magneto-Plasmonic Lab, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshju Boulevard, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mehri Hamidi
- Magneto-Plasmonic Lab, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshju Boulevard, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Yin R, Luo Z, Zhuang P, Lin Z, Kwoh CK. VirPreNet: a weighted ensemble convolutional neural network for the virulence prediction of influenza A virus using all eight segments. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:737-743. [PMID: 33241321 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Influenza viruses are persistently threatening public health, causing annual epidemics and sporadic pandemics. The evolution of influenza viruses remains to be the main obstacle in the effectiveness of antiviral treatments due to rapid mutations. Previous work has been investigated to reveal the determinants of virulence of the influenza A virus. To further facilitate flu surveillance, explicit detection of influenza virulence is crucial to protect public health from potential future pandemics. RESULTS In this article, we propose a weighted ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) for the virulence prediction of influenza A viruses named VirPreNet that uses all eight segments. Firstly, mouse lethal dose 50 is exerted to label the virulence of infections into two classes, namely avirulent and virulent. A numerical representation of amino acids named ProtVec is applied to the eight-segments in a distributed manner to encode the biological sequences. After splittings and embeddings of influenza strains, the ensemble CNN is constructed as the base model on the influenza dataset of each segment, which serves as the VirPreNet's main part. Followed by a linear layer, the initial predictive outcomes are integrated and assigned with different weights for the final prediction. The experimental results on the collected influenza dataset indicate that VirPreNet achieves state-of-the-art performance combining ProtVec with our proposed architecture. It outperforms baseline methods on the independent testing data. Moreover, our proposed model reveals the importance of PB2 and HA segments on the virulence prediction. We believe that our model may provide new insights into the investigation of influenza virulence. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Codes and data to generate the VirPreNet are publicly available at https://github.com/Rayin-saber/VirPreNet. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yin
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zihan Luo
- School of Electronic Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pei Zhuang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhuoyi Lin
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chee Keong Kwoh
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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31
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Zhang Q, Mei X, Zhang C, Li J, Chang N, Aji D, Shi W, Bi Y, Ma Z. Novel reassortant 2.3.4.4B H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses circulating among wild, domestic birds in Xinjiang, Northwest China. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e43. [PMID: 34170087 PMCID: PMC8318794 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The H5 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of clade 2.3.4.4 circulate in wild and domestic birds worldwide. In 2017, nine strains of H5N6 AIVs were isolated from aquatic poultry in Xinjiang, Northwest China. Objectives This study aimed to analyze the origin, reassortment, and mutations of the AIV isolates. Methods AIVs were isolated from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs of poultry. Identification was accomplished by inoculating isolates into embryonated chicken eggs and performing hemagglutination tests and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The viral genomes were amplified with RT-PCR and then sequenced. The sequence alignment, phylogenetic, and molecular characteristic analyses were performed by using bioinformatic software. Results Nine isolates originated from the same ancestor. The viral HA gene belonged to clade 2.3.4.4B, while the NA gene had a close phylogenetic relationship with the 2.3.4.4C H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) isolated from shoveler ducks in Ningxia in 2015. The NP gene was grouped into an independent subcluster within the 2.3.4.4B H5N8 AIVs, and the remaining six genes all had close phylogenetic relationships with the 2.3.4.4B H5N8 HPAIVs isolated from the wild birds in China, Egypt, Uganda, Cameroon, and India in 2016–2017, Multiple basic amino acid residues associated with HPAIVs were located adjacent to the cleavage site of the HA protein. The nine isolates comprised reassortant 2.3.4.4B HPAIVs originating from 2.3.4.4B H5N8 and 2.3.4.4C H5N6 viruses in wild birds. Conclusions These results suggest that the Northern Tianshan Mountain wetlands in Xinjiang may have a key role in AIVs disseminating from Central China to the Eurasian continent and East African.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xindi Mei
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Emerging infections Disease in Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271016, China
| | - Nana Chang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Dilihuma Aji
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Emerging infections Disease in Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271016, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zhenghai Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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Structure and Activities of the NS1 Influenza Protein and Progress in the Development of Small-Molecule Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084242. [PMID: 33921888 PMCID: PMC8074201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus causes human disease on a global scale and significant morbidity and mortality. The existing vaccination regime remains vulnerable to antigenic drift, and more seriously, a small number of viral mutations could lead to drug resistance. Therefore, the development of a new additional therapeutic small molecule-based anti-influenza virus is urgently required. The NS1 influenza gene plays a pivotal role in the suppression of host antiviral responses, especially by inhibiting interferon (IFN) production and the activities of antiviral proteins, such as dsRNA-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase R (PKR) and 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)/RNase L. NS1 also modulates important aspects of viral RNA replication, viral protein synthesis, and virus replication cycle. Taken together, small molecules that target NS1 are believed to offer a means of developing new anti-influenza drugs.
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Moatasim Y, Kandeil A, Mostafa A, Kutkat O, Sayes ME, El Taweel AN, AlKhazindar M, AbdElSalam ET, El-Shesheny R, Kayali G, Ali MA. Impact of Individual Viral Gene Segments from Influenza A/H5N8 Virus on the Protective Efficacy of Inactivated Subtype-Specific Influenza Vaccine. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030368. [PMID: 33808583 PMCID: PMC8003407 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in 2014, the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus has continuously and rapidly spread worldwide in the poultry sector resulting in huge economic losses. A typical inactivated H5N8 vaccine is prepared using the six internal genes from A/PR8/1934 (H1N1) and the two major antigenic proteins (HA and NA) from the circulating H5N8 strain with the HA modified to a low pathogenic form (PR8HA/NA-H5N8). The contribution of the other internal proteins from H5N8, either individually or in combination, to the overall protective efficacy of PR8-based H5N8 vaccine has not been investigated. Using reverse genetics, a set of PR8-based vaccines expressing the individual proteins from an H5N8 strain were rescued and compared to the parent PR8 and low pathogenic H5N8 strains and the commonly used PR8HA/NA-H5N8. Except for the PR8-based vaccine strains expressing the HA of H5N8, none of the rescued combinations could efficiently elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies. Compared to PR8, the non-HA viral proteins provided some protection to infected chickens six days post infection. We assume that this late protection was related to cell-based immunity rather than antibody-mediated immunity. This may explain the slight advantage of using full low pathogenic H5N8 instead of PR8HA/NA-H5N8 to improve protection by both the innate and the humoral arms of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Mohamed El Sayes
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed N. El Taweel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Maha AlKhazindar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa Street, Giza 12613, Egypt; (M.A.); (E.T.A.)
| | - Elsayed T. AbdElSalam
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa Street, Giza 12613, Egypt; (M.A.); (E.T.A.)
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Human Link, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (M.A.A.)
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Abstract
Influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and represent a pandemic risk. With current vaccine methods struggling to protect populations against emerging strains, there is a demand for a next-generation flu vaccine capable of providing broad protection. Recombinant biotechnology, combined with nanomedicine techniques, could address this demand by increasing immunogenicity and directing immune responses toward conserved antigenic targets on the virus. Various nanoparticle candidates have been tested for use in vaccines, including virus-like particles, protein and carbohydrate nanoconstructs, antigen-carrying lipid particles, and synthetic and inorganic particles modified for antigen presentation. These methods have yielded some promising results, including protection in animal models against antigenically distinct influenza strains, production of antibodies with broad reactivity, and activation of potent T cell responses. Based on the evidence of current research, it is feasible that the next generation of influenza vaccines will combine recombinant antigens with nanoparticle carriers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Carriers/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/pharmacokinetics
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Protein Engineering
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacokinetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Proteins/pharmacokinetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Chen S, Miao X, Huangfu D, Zhao X, Zhang M, Qin T, Peng D, Liu X. H5N1 avian influenza virus without 80-84 amino acid deletion at the NS1 protein hijacks the innate immune system of dendritic cells for an enhanced mammalian pathogenicity. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2401-2413. [PMID: 33124785 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
NS gene is generally considered to be related to the virulence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV). In recent years, the strains with five amino acids added to the 80-84 positions of the NS1 protein have become prevalent in H5N1 subtype AIVs isolated from mammals. However, the pathogenicity and mechanism of this pattern in mammals remain unclear. In this study, H5N1 subtype AIVs without 80-84 amino acids of the NS1 protein (rNSΔ5aa ) and a mutant virus (rNS5aa-R ) with no deletion of 80-84 amino acids of the NS1 protein were used to determine the pathogenicity in mice. Our results showed that rNS5aa-R possessed an enhanced pathogenicity compared with rNSΔ5aa in vivo and in vitro, which was accompanied by high expression of IL-6, MX1 and CXCL10 in murine lungs. Furthermore, we found that rNS5aa-R increased the infection ability to dendritic cells (DCs). Besides, rNS5aa-R enhanced the expression of phenotypic markers (CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHCII), activation marker CD69, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10) and antagonized interferon (IFN-α) of DCs, in comparison to rNSΔ5aa . Moreover, rNS5aa-R induced DCs to quickly migrate into nearby cervical lymph nodes by highly upregulating CCR7, and CD86 showed a high expression on the migrated DCs. We also found that rNS5aa-R -infected DCs significantly promoted the allogeneic CD4+ T-cell proliferation. These findings suggested that rNS5aa-R strongly induced the innate immune response compared with the rNSΔ5aa , which is conducive to activate a wide immune response, resulting in a strong cytokine storm and causing an enhanced pathogenicity of H5N1 subtype AIVs in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint Laboratory Safety of International Cooperation of Agriculture&Agricultural-Products, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Huangfu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minxia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint Laboratory Safety of International Cooperation of Agriculture&Agricultural-Products, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint Laboratory Safety of International Cooperation of Agriculture&Agricultural-Products, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint Laboratory Safety of International Cooperation of Agriculture&Agricultural-Products, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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36
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Molecular characteristics of H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from farmed raccoon dogs and arctic foxes in China. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:542-546. [PMID: 33223121 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, eight H9N2 IAVs were isolated from infected diseased, farmed raccoon dogs and arctic foxes. Eight genes shared 98.6%-100% identity among the isolates possessing a PSRSSR/GL motif at the HA cleavage site, which is same as the motif of G1 and Y280 lineages of H9N2 IAVs. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the HA genes of the eight isolates clustered with Y280-like viruses, whereas the NA genes belonged to F/98-like sublineage. Interestingly, the NS, NP, PB2 and PA genes of the isolates were closely related to H7N9 IAVs. This is the first evidence for isolation of H9N2 IAVs from raccoon dogs and arctic foxes. Raccoon dogs and arctic foxes potentially serve as an intermediate host for influenza viruses with pandemic potential toward other animals due to co-expression of both SA α-2,6-Gal and SA α-2,3-Gal receptors in a wide range of their tissues.
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37
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Genetic and Antigenic Evolution of European Swine Influenza A Viruses of HA-1C (Avian-Like) and HA-1B (Human-Like) Lineages in France from 2000 to 2018. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111304. [PMID: 33202972 PMCID: PMC7697621 DOI: 10.3390/v12111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the genetic and antigenic evolution of swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) of the two main enzootic H1 lineages, i.e., HA-1C (H1av) and -1B (H1hu), circulating in France between 2000 and 2018. SwIAV RNAs extracted from 1220 swine nasal swabs were hemagglutinin/neuraminidase (HA/NA) subtyped by RT-qPCRs, and 293 virus isolates were sequenced. In addition, 146 H1avNy and 105 H1huNy strains were submitted to hemagglutination inhibition tests. H1avN1 (66.5%) and H1huN2 (25.4%) subtypes were predominant. Most H1 strains belonged to HA-1C.2.1 or -1B.1.2.3 clades, but HA-1C.2, -1C.2.2, -1C.2.3, -1B.1.1, and -1B.1.2.1 clades were also detected sporadically. Within HA-1B.1.2.3 clade, a group of strains named "Δ146-147" harbored several amino acid mutations and a double deletion in HA, that led to a marked antigenic drift. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that internal segments belonged mainly to the "Eurasian avian-like lineage", with two distinct genogroups for the M segment. In total, 17 distinct genotypes were identified within the study period. Reassortments of H1av/H1hu strains with H1N1pdm virus were rarely evidenced until 2018. Analysis of amino acid sequences predicted a variability in length of PB1-F2 and PA-X proteins and identified the appearance of several mutations in PB1, PB1-F2, PA, NP and NS1 proteins that could be linked to virulence, while markers for antiviral resistance were identified in N1 and N2. Altogether, diversity and evolution of swIAV recall the importance of disrupting the spreading of swIAV within and between pig herds, as well as IAV inter-species transmissions.
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38
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Wang H, Tian Z, Xu Y, Wang Q, Ding SW, Li Y. Altering Intracellular Localization of the RNA Interference Factors by Influenza A Virus Non-structural Protein 1. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:590904. [PMID: 33281788 PMCID: PMC7688628 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.590904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes seasonal infections and periodic pandemics in humans. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of IAV is the main viral antagonist of the innate immune responses that play a key role in influenza pathogenesis. However, the mechanism to disrupt the host cell homeostasis by IAV NS1 remains poorly understood. Here, we show that expression of NS1 from the WSN strain, but not PR8 strain, of IAV, markedly induced nuclear import of the host RNA interference (RNAi) factors such as Argonaute-2 and microRNA 16. We found that the single residue substitution of aspartic acid with histidine at position 101 (D101H) of IAV-PR8 NS1 was sufficient to induce the nuclear import process and to enhance the virulence of IAV-PR8 in mice. However, we observed no significant differences between the wild-type and mutant IAV-PR8 in virus titers or induction of the interferon response in lung tissues, indicating a novel role of NS1 in the virulence determination of IAV in a mammalian host. Moreover, our bioinformatic analysis of 69,057 NS1 sequences from all IAV subtypes deposited in the NCBI database revealed that the NS1-H101 gene of IAV-WSN was widespread among H1N1 viruses isolated in 1933 but disappeared completely after 1940. Thus, IAV NS1 (H101) is a mutation selected against during evolution of IAV, suggesting that mutation H101 confers an important biological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Wei Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Li Y, Chai W, Min J, Ye Z, Tong X, Qi D, Liu W, Luo E, Li J, Ye X. Neddylation of M1 negatively regulates the replication of influenza A virus. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:1242-1250. [PMID: 33016861 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification plays a critical role in viral replication. Previously we reported that neddylation of PB2 of influenza A virus (IAV) can inhibit viral replication. However, we found that NEDD8 overexpression can still inhibit the replication of PB2 K699R mutant viruses, implying that other viral protein(s) can be neddylated. In this study, we revealed that M1 of IAV can also be modified by NEDD8. We found that the E3 ligase HDM2 significantly promotes M1 neddylation. Furthermore, we identified M1 K187 as the major neddylation site. We generated an IAV M1 K187R mutant (WSN-M1 K187R) and compared the growth of wild-type and mutant viruses in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The data showed that the replication of WSN-M1 K187R was more efficient than that of wild-type WSN. More importantly, we observed that overexpression of NEDD8 inhibited the replication of the wild-type WSN more effectively than that of WSN-M1 K187R. In addition, we found that the neddylation-deficient M1 mutant (M1 K187R) had a longer half-life than that of wild-type M1, indicating that the neddylation of M1 reduces stability. Then we performed a viral infection assay and found that WSN-M1 K187R exhibited greater virulence in mice than wild-type WSN, suggesting that the neddylation of M1 reduced IAV replication in vivo. In conclusion, we uncovered that neddylation of M1 by HDM2 negatively regulates the stability of M1, which in turn inhibits viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucen Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Wenjia Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.,Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, PR China
| | - Jie Min
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Zhen Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Dandan Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Enjie Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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40
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Roles of the Non-Structural Proteins of Influenza A Virus. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100812. [PMID: 33023047 PMCID: PMC7600879 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a segmented, negative single-stranded RNA virus that causes seasonal epidemics and has a potential for pandemics. Several viral proteins are not packed in the IAV viral particle and only expressed in the infected host cells. These proteins are named non-structural proteins (NSPs), including NS1, PB1-F2 and PA-X. They play a versatile role in the viral life cycle by modulating viral replication and transcription. More importantly, they also play a critical role in the evasion of the surveillance of host defense and viral pathogenicity by inducing apoptosis, perturbing innate immunity, and exacerbating inflammation. Here, we review the recent advances of these NSPs and how the new findings deepen our understanding of IAV–host interactions and viral pathogenesis.
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Chi Y, Ge Y, Wu B, Zhang W, Wu T, Wen T, Liu J, Guo X, Huang C, Jiao Y, Zhu F, Zhu B, Cui L. Serum Cytokine and Chemokine Profile in Relation to the Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:746-754. [PMID: 32563194 PMCID: PMC7337752 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We investigated the serum cytokine and chemokine levels in asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and convalescent SARS-CoV-2–infected cases. Proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production induced by SARS-CoV-2 were observed not only in symptomatic patients but also in asymptomatic cases, and returned to normal after recovery. IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-18, G-CSF, M-CSF, MCP-1, MCP-3, IP-10, MIG, and MIP-1α were found to be associated with the severity of COVID-19. Moreover, a set of cytokine and chemokine profiles were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2–infected male than female patients. The serum levels of MCP-1, G-CSF, and VEGF were weakly and positively correlated with viral titers. We suggest that combinatorial analysis of serum cytokines and chemokines with clinical classification may contribute to evaluation of the severity of COVID-19 and optimize the therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chi
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyue Ge
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenshuai Zhang
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wen
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxian Liu
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiling Guo
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Huang
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjun Jiao
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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42
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Zha H, Lu H, Wu J, Chang K, Wang Q, Zhang H, Li J, Luo Q, Lu Y, Li L. Vital Members in the More Dysbiotic Oropharyngeal Microbiotas in H7N9-Infected Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:396. [PMID: 32850904 PMCID: PMC7433009 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysbiosis of oropharyngeal (OP) microbiota is associated with multiple diseases, including H7N9 infection. Different OP microbial colonization states may reflect different severities or stages of disease and affect the effectiveness of the treatments. Current study aims to determine the vital bacteria that could possibly drive the OP microbiota in the H7N9 patients to more severe microbial dysbiosis state. The OP microbiotas of 42 H7N9 patients and 30 healthy subjects were analyzed by a series of bioinformatics and statistical analyses. Two clusters of OP microbiotas in H7N9 patients, i.e., Cluster_1_Diseased and Cluster_2_Diseased, were determined at two microbial colonization states by Partition Around Medoids (PAM) clustering analysis, each characterized by distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and functional metabolites. Cluster_1_Diseased was determined at more severe dysbiosis status compared with Cluster_2_Diseased, while OTU143_Capnocytophaga and OTU269_Treponema acted as gatekeepers for both of the two clustered microbiotas. Nine OTUs assigned to seven taxa, i.e., Alloprevotella, Atopobium, Megasphaera, Oribacterium, Prevotella, Stomatobaculum, and Veillonella, were associated with both H7N9 patients with and without secondary bacterial lung infection in Cluster_1. In addition, two groups of healthy cohorts may have potential different susceptibilities to H7N9 infection. These findings suggest that two OP microbial colonization states of H7N9 patients were at different dysbiosis states, which may help determine the health status of H7N9 patients, as well as the susceptibility of healthy subjects to H7N9 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zha
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Haifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieyun Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Chang
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyou Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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43
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Quirouette C, Younis NP, Reddy MB, Beauchemin CAA. A mathematical model describing the localization and spread of influenza A virus infection within the human respiratory tract. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007705. [PMID: 32282797 PMCID: PMC7179943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the human respiratory tract (HRT), virus diffuses through the periciliary fluid (PCF) bathing the epithelium. But virus also undergoes advection: as the mucus layer sitting atop the PCF is pushed along by the ciliated cell's beating cilia, the PCF and its virus content are also pushed along, upwards towards the nose and mouth. While many mathematical models (MMs) have described the course of influenza A virus (IAV) infections in vivo, none have considered the impact of both diffusion and advection on the kinetics and localization of the infection. The MM herein represents the HRT as a one-dimensional track extending from the nose down towards the lower HRT, wherein stationary cells interact with IAV which moves within (diffusion) and along with (advection) the PCF. Diffusion was found to be negligible in the presence of advection which effectively sweeps away IAV, preventing infection from disseminating below the depth at which virus first deposits. Higher virus production rates (10-fold) are required at higher advection speeds (40 μm/s) to maintain equivalent infection severity and timing. Because virus is entrained upwards, upper parts of the HRT see more virus than lower parts. As such, infection peaks and resolves faster in the upper than in the lower HRT, making it appear as though infection progresses from the upper towards the lower HRT, as reported in mice. When the spatial MM is expanded to include cellular regeneration and an immune response, it reproduces tissue damage levels reported in patients. It also captures the kinetics of seasonal and avian IAV infections, via parameter changes consistent with reported differences between these strains, enabling comparison of their treatment with antivirals. This new MM offers a convenient and unique platform from which to study the localization and spread of respiratory viral infections within the HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada P. Younis
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Micaela B. Reddy
- Array BioPharma Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. A. Beauchemin
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- * E-mail:
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44
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Yang X, Arslan M, Liu X, Song H, Du M, Li Y, Zhang Z. IFN-γ establishes interferon-stimulated gene-mediated antiviral state against Newcastle disease virus in chicken fibroblasts. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:268-280. [PMID: 32047904 PMCID: PMC7109688 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes severe economic losses through severe morbidity and mortality and poses a significant threat to the global poultry industry. Significant efforts have been made to develop novel vaccines and therapeutics; however, the interaction of NDV with the host is not yet fully understood. Interferons (IFNs), an integral component of innate immune signaling, act as the first line of defense against invading viruses. Compared with the mammalian repertoire of IFNs, limited information is available on the antiviral potential of IFNs in chickens. Here, we expressed chicken IFN-γ (chIFN-γ) using a baculovirus expression vector system, characterized its antiviral potential against NDV, and determined its antiviral potential. Priming of chicken embryo fibroblasts with chIFN-γ elicited an antiviral environment in primary cells, which was mainly due to interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). A genome-wide transcriptomics approach was used to elucidate the possible signaling pathways associated with IFN-γ-induced immune responses. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data revealed significant induction of ISG-associated pathways, activated temporal expression of ISGs, antiviral mediators, and transcriptional regulators in a cascade of antiviral responses. Collectively, we found that IFN-γ significantly elicited an antiviral response against NDV infection. These data provide a foundation for chIFN-γ-mediated antiviral responses and underpin functional annotation of these important chIFN-γ-induced antiviral influencers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mehboob Arslan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haozhi Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengtan Du
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinü Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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45
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Wang WC, Kuan CY, Tseng YJ, Chang CH, Liu YC, Chang YC, Hsu YC, Hsieh MK, Ou SC, Hsu WL. The Impacts of Reassortant Avian Influenza H5N2 Virus NS1 Proteins on Viral Compatibility and Regulation of Immune Responses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:280. [PMID: 32226416 PMCID: PMC7080822 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) can cause severe diseases in poultry worldwide. H6N1 AIV was the dominant enzootic subtype in 1985 in the chicken farms of Taiwan until the initial outbreak of a low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5N2 virus in 2003; thereafter, this and other LPAIs have been sporadically detected. In 2015, the outbreak of three novel H5Nx viruses of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) emerged and devastated Taiwanese chicken and waterfowl industries. The mechanism of variation in pathogenicity among these viruses is unclear; but, in light of the many biological functions of viral non-structural protein 1 (NS1), including interferon (IFN) antagonist and host range determinant, we hypothesized that NS genetic diversity contributes to AIV pathogenesis. To determine the impact of NS1 variants on viral infection dynamics, we established a reverse genetics system with the genetic backbone of the enzootic Taiwanese H6N1 for generation of reassortant AIVs carrying exogenous NS segments of three different Taiwanese H5N2 strains. We observed distinct cellular distributions of NS1 among the reassortant viruses. Moreover, exchange of the NS segment significantly influenced growth kinetics and induction of cytokines [IFN-α, IFN-β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] in an NS1- and host-specific manner. The impact of NS1 variants on viral replication appears related to their synergic effects on viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and IFN response. With these approaches, we revealed that NS1 is a key factor responsible for the diverse characteristics of AIVs in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Wang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Kuan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jing Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Chen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kun Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chia Ou
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sobolev I, Kurskaya O, Leonov S, Kabilov M, Alikina T, Alekseev A, Yushkov Y, Saito T, Uchida Y, Mine J, Shestopalov A, Sharshov K. Novel reassortant of H1N1 swine influenza virus detected in pig population in Russia. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 8:1456-1464. [PMID: 31603050 PMCID: PMC6818105 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1673136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pigs play an important role in interspecies transmission of the influenza virus, particularly as "mixing vessels" for reassortment. Two influenza A/H1N1 virus strains, A/swine/Siberia/1sw/2016 and A/swine/Siberia/4sw/2017, were isolated during a surveillance of pigs from private farms in Russia from 2016 to 2017. There was a 10% identity difference between the HA and NA nucleotide sequences of isolated strains and the most phylogenetically related sequences (human influenza viruses of 1980s). Simultaneously, genome segments encoding internal proteins were found to be phylogenetically related to the A/H1N1pdm09 influenza virus. In addition, two amino acids (129-130) were deleted in the HA of A/swine/Siberia/4sw/2017 compared to that of A/swine/Siberia/1sw/2016 HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sobolev
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Olga Kurskaya
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Sergey Leonov
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro- BioTechnologies , Krasnoobsk , Russia
| | - Marsel Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Tatyana Alikina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Alexander Alekseev
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Yuriy Yushkov
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro- BioTechnologies , Krasnoobsk , Russia
| | - Takehiko Saito
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Yuko Uchida
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Junki Mine
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Alexander Shestopalov
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Kirill Sharshov
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
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Genetic Characterization of Avian Influenza A (H11N9) Virus Isolated from Mandarin Ducks in South Korea in 2018. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020203. [PMID: 32059510 PMCID: PMC7077279 DOI: 10.3390/v12020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In July 2018, a novel avian influenza virus (A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9)) was isolated from Mandarin ducks in South Korea. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses were conducted to characterize the genetic origins of the H11N9 strain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that eight gene segments of strain H11N9 belonged to the Eurasian lineages. Analysis of nucleotide sequence similarity of both the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes revealed the highest homology with A/duck/Kagoshima/KU57/2014 (H11N9), showing 97.70% and 98.00% nucleotide identities, respectively. Additionally, internal genes showed homology higher than 98% compared to those of other isolates derived from duck and wild birds. Both the polymerase acidic (PA) and polymerase basic 1 (PB1) genes were close to the H5N3 strain isolated in China; whereas, other internal genes were closely related to that of avian influenza virus in Japan. A single basic amino acid at the HA cleavage site (PAIASR↓GLF), the lack of a five-amino acid deletion (residue 69–73) in the stalk region of the NA gene, and E627 in the polymerase basic 2 (PB2) gene indicated that the A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9) isolate was a typical low-pathogenicity avian influenza. In vitro viral replication of H11N9 showed a lower titer than H1N1 and higher than H9N2. In mice, H11N9 showed lower adaptation than H1N1. The novel A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9) isolate may have resulted from an unknown reassortment through the import of multiple wild birds in Japan and Korea in approximately 2016–2017, evolving to produce a different H11N9 compared to the previous H11N9 in Korea (2016). Further reassortment events of this virus occurred in PB1 and PA in China-derived strains. These results indicate that Japanese- and Chinese-derived avian influenza contributes to the genetic diversity of A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9) in Korea.
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Host Innate Immune Response of Geese Infected with Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020224. [PMID: 32046051 PMCID: PMC7074872 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 viruses have circulated in waterfowls and caused human infections in China, posing significant threats to the poultry industry and the public health. However, the genetics, pathogenicity and innate immune response of H5N6 HPAIVs in geese remain largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the genetic characteristic of the two H5N6 viruses (GS38 and DK09) isolated from apparently healthy domestic goose and duck in live poultry markets (LPMs) of Southern China in 2016. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the HA genes of the two H5N6 viruses belonged to clade 2.3.4.4 and were clustered into the MIX-like group. The MIX-like group viruses have circulated in regions such as China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. The NA genes of the two H5N6 viruses were classified into the Eurasian sublineage. The internal genes including PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS of the two H5N6 viruses derived from the MIX-like. Therefore, our results suggested that the two H5N6 viruses were reassortants of the H5N1 and H6N6 viruses and likely derived from the same ancestor. Additionally, we evaluated the pathogenicity and transmission of the two H5N6 viruses in domestic geese. Results showed that both the two viruses caused serious clinical symptoms in all inoculated geese and led to high mortality in these birds. Both the two viruses were transmitted efficiently to contact geese and caused lethal infection in these birds. Furthermore, we found that mRNA of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), interferons (IFNs), and stimulated genes (ISGs) exhibited different levels of activation in the lungs and spleens of the two H5N6 viruses-inoculated geese though did not protect these birds from H5N6 HPAIVs infection. Our results suggested that the clade 2.3.4.4 waterfowl-origin H5N6 HPAIVs isolated from LPMs of Southern China could cause high mortality in geese and innate immune-related genes were involved in the geese innate immune response to H5N6 HPAIVs infection. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the evolution, pathogenic variations of these viruses and enhance virological surveillance of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs in waterfowls in China.
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Furuyama W, Reynolds P, Haddock E, Meade-White K, Quynh Le M, Kawaoka Y, Feldmann H, Marzi A. A single dose of a vesicular stomatitis virus-based influenza vaccine confers rapid protection against H5 viruses from different clades. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:4. [PMID: 31934358 PMCID: PMC6954110 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian influenza virus outbreak in 1997 highlighted the potential of the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus to cause severe disease in humans. Therefore, effective vaccines against H5N1 viruses are needed to counter the potential threat of a global pandemic. We have previously developed a fast-acting and efficacious vaccine against Ebola virus (EBOV) using the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) platform. In this study, we generated recombinant VSV-based H5N1 influenza virus vectors to demonstrate the feasibility of this platform for a fast-acting pan-H5 influenza virus vaccine. We chose multiple approaches regarding antigen design and genome location to define a more optimized vaccine approach. After the VSV-based H5N1 influenza virus constructs were recovered and characterized in vitro, mice were vaccinated by a single dose or prime/boost regimen followed by challenge with a lethal dose of the homologous H5 clade 1 virus. We found that a single dose of VSV vectors expressing full-length hemagglutinin (HAfl) were sufficient to provide 100% protection. The vaccine vectors were fast-acting as demonstrated by uniform protection when administered 3 days prior to lethal challenge. Moreover, single vaccination induced cross-protective H5-specific antibodies and protected mice against lethal challenge with various H5 clade 2 viruses, highlighting the potential of the VSV-based HAfl as a pan-H5 influenza virus emergency vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Furuyama
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT USA
| | - Pierce Reynolds
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT USA
- Present Address: Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT USA
| | - Mai Quynh Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Univeristy of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT USA
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50
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Identification, Genetic Analysis, and Pathogenicity of Classical Swine H1N1 and Human-Swine Reassortant H1N1 Influenza Viruses from Pigs in China. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010055. [PMID: 31906591 PMCID: PMC7019673 DOI: 10.3390/v12010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza virus causes a substantial disease burden to swine populations worldwide and poses an imminent threat to the swine industry and humans. Given its importance, we characterized two swine influenza viruses isolated from Shandong, China. The homology and phylogenetic analyses showed that all eight gene segments of A/swine/Shandong/AV1522/2011(H1N1) were closely related to A/Maryland/12/1991(H1N1) circulating in North America. The HA, NA, M, and NS genes of the isolate were also confirmed to have a high homology to A/swine/Hubei/02/2008(H1N1) which appeared in China in 2008, and the virus was clustered into the classical swine lineage. The gene segments of A/swine/Shandong/AV1523/2011(H1N1) were highly homologous to the early human H1N1 and H2N2 influenza viruses, except for the HA gene, and the virus was a reassortant H1N1 virus containing genes from the classical swine (HA) and human (NA, PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS) lineages. Both the viruses could cause lethal infection and replicate efficiently in the lungs, brains, spleens, and kidneys of mice. Histopathological examinations showed that AV1522 and AV1523 viruses caused a spectrum of marked pneumonia and meningoencephalitis according to the duration of infection, demonstrating a progression of respiratory disease and neurological disease over the course of infection that ultimately resulted in lethality for the infected mice. The changes in the pathogenicity of swine influenza viruses to mammals, accompanied with the continuous reassortment and evolution of the viruses, highlights the importance of ongoing epidemiological investigation.
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