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Nour J, Bonacina F, Norata GD. Gonadal sex vs genetic sex in experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2023; 384:117277. [PMID: 37775425 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data and interventional studies with hormone replacement therapy suggest that women, at least until menopause, are at decreased cardiovascular risk compared to men. Still the molecular mechanisms beyond this difference are debated and the investigation in experimental models of atherosclerosis has been pivotal to prove that the activation of the estrogen receptor is atheroprotective, despite not enough to explain the differences reported in cardiovascular disease between male and female. This casts also for investigating the importance of the sex chromosome complement (genetic sex) beyond the contribution of sex hormones (gonadal sex) on atherosclerosis. Aim of this review is to present the dualism between gonadal sex and genetic sex with a focus on the data available from experimental models. The molecular mechanisms driving changes in lipid metabolism, immuno-inflammatory reactivity and vascular response in males and females that affect atherosclerosis progression will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Nour
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Italy.
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2
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Xue Y, Gong Y, Li X, Peng F, Ding G, Zhang Z, Shi J, Savul IS, Xu Y, Chen Q, Han L, Mao S, Sun Z. Sex differences in paternal arsenic-induced intergenerational metabolic effects are mediated by estrogen. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:165. [PMID: 37691128 PMCID: PMC10493026 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-environment interactions contribute to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and dyslipidemia. In addition to affecting metabolic homeostasis directly, drugs and environmental chemicals can cause persistent alterations in metabolic portfolios across generations in a sex-specific manner. Here, we use inorganic arsenic (iAs) as a prototype drug and chemical to dissect such sex differences. METHODS After weaning, C57BL/6 WT male mice were treated with 250 ppb iAs in drinking water (iAsF0) or normal water (conF0) for 6 weeks and then bred with 15-week-old, non-exposed females for 3 days in cages with only normal water (without iAs), to generate iAsF1 or conF1 mice, respectively. F0 females and all F1 mice drank normal water without iAs all the time. RESULTS We find that exposure of male mice to 250 ppb iAs leads to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in F1 female offspring (iAsF1-F), with almost no change in blood lipid profiles. In contrast, F1 males (iAsF1-M) show lower liver and blood triglyceride levels than non-exposed control, with improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The liver of F1 offspring shows sex-specific transcriptomic changes, with hepatocyte-autonomous alternations of metabolic fluxes in line with the sex-specific phenotypes. The iAsF1-F mice show altered levels of circulating estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone. Ovariectomy or liver-specific knockout of estrogen receptor α/β made F1 females resemble F1 males in their metabolic responses to paternal iAs exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that disrupted reproductive hormone secretion in alliance with hepatic estrogen signaling accounts for the sex-specific intergenerational effects of paternal iAs exposure, which shed light on the sex disparities in long-term gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Center for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingyun Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei Peng
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guolian Ding
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junchao Shi
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Human Genetics, and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ilma Saleh Savul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Human Genetics, and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shengyong Mao
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Center for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zheng Sun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Isola JVV, Ko S, Ocañas SR, Stout MB. Role of Estrogen Receptor α in Aging and Chronic Disease. ADVANCES IN GERIATRIC MEDICINE AND RESEARCH 2023; 5:e230005. [PMID: 37425648 PMCID: PMC10327608 DOI: 10.20900/agmr20230005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) plays a crucial role in reproductive function in both sexes. It also mediates cellular responses to estrogens in multiple nonreproductive organ systems, many of which regulate systemic metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory processes in mammals. The loss of estrogens and/or ERα agonism during aging is associated with the emergence of several comorbid conditions, particularly in females undergoing the menopausal transition. Emerging data also suggests that male mammals likely benefit from ERα agonism if done in a way that circumvents feminizing characteristics. This has led us, and others, to speculate that tissue-specific ERα agonism may hold therapeutic potential for curtailing aging and chronic disease burden in males and females that are at high-risk of cancer and/or cardiovascular events with traditional estrogen replacement therapies. In this mini-review, we emphasize the role of ERα in the brain and liver, summarizing recent evidence that indicates these two organs systems mediate the beneficial effects of estrogens on metabolism and inflammation during aging. We also discuss how 17α-estradiol administration elicits health benefits in an ERα-dependent manner, which provides proof-of-concept that ERα may be a druggable target for attenuating aging and age-related disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- José V. V. Isola
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sunghwan Ko
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sarah R. Ocañas
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael B. Stout
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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He T, Lykov N, Luo X, Wang H, Du Z, Chen Z, Chen S, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Tzeng C. Protective Effects of Lactobacillus gasseri against High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Fatty Liver and Regulation of Host Gene Expression Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032053. [PMID: 36768377 PMCID: PMC9917166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is one of the most pervasive liver diseases worldwide. Probiotics play an important role in the progression of liver disease, but their effects on host regulation are poorly understood. This study investigated the protective effects of lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri) against high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced fatty liver injury using a zebrafish larvae model. Liver pathology, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation were evaluated to demonstrate the changes in a spectrum of hepatic injury. Moreover, multiple indexes on host gene expression profiles were comprehensively characterized by RNA screening. The results showed that treatment with L. gasseri ameliorated HCD-induced morphological and histological alterations, lipid regulations, oxidative stress and macrophage aggregation in the liver of zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, the enrichment of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway revealed that the core pathways of L. gasseri regulation were interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway, the regulation of lipolysis and adipocytes and fatty acid elongation and estrogen signaling. The genes at key junction nodes, hsp90aa1.1, kyat3, hsd17b7, irs2a, myl9b, ptgs2b, cdk21 and papss2a were significantly regulated by L. gasseri administration. To conclude, the current research extends our understanding of the protective effects of L. gasseri against fatty liver and provides potential therapeutic options for fatty liver treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ye Zhao
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
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Effects of Nutritionally Induced Obesity on Metabolic Pathways of Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031850. [PMID: 36768175 PMCID: PMC9914946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human obesity has become a global epidemic that can lead to many metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver. The development of obesity is closely associated with excess food intake and energy imbalance, family history, lifestyle, psychology and other factors, but molecular mechanisms underlying the induction and development of obesity remain to be intensively studied under a variety of internal and external pathogenesis conditions. In this study, we generated two obesity models of zebrafish that were treated with a high-fat diet (HFD) or an overfeeding diet (DIO). Both HFD and DIO zebrafish exhibited higher levels of lipid accumulation, fat distribution, microvascular steatosis and ectopic accumulation of lipid droplets in liver and muscle than normal diet (NOD) fish. The comparison of transcriptome sequencing data for the livers of HFD, DIO and NOD groups identified common and specific genes and signaling pathways that are potentially associated with zebrafish obesity induced by HFD and/or DIO. These findings provide clues for further understanding the mechanisms of obesity development and preventing nutritionally induced obesity through targeting the common signaling pathways and biological processes.
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Zhang J, Wang N, Zheng Y, Yang B, Wang S, Wang X, Pan B, Wang Z. Naringenin in Si-Ni-San formula inhibits chronic psychological stress-induced breast cancer growth and metastasis by modulating estrogen metabolism through FXR/EST pathway. J Adv Res 2022; 47:189-207. [PMID: 35718080 PMCID: PMC10173160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic psychological stress is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer development. Si-Ni-San (SNS) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula prescribed to psychological disorder patients. However, its action effects, molecular mechanisms, and bioactive phytochemicals against breast cancer are not yet clear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the modulatory mechanism and bioactive compound of SNS in regulating estrogen metabolism during breast cancer development induced by chronic psychological stress. METHODS Mouse breast cancer xenograft was used to determine the effect of SNS on breast cancer growth and metastasis. Metabolomics analysis was conducted to discover the impact of SNS on metabolic profile changes in vivo. Multiple molecular biology experiments and breast cancer xenografts were applied to verify the anti-metastatic potentials of the screened bioactive compound. RESULTS SNS remarkably inhibited chronic psychological stress-induced breast cancer growth and metastasis in the mouse breast cancer xenograft. Meanwhile, chronic psychological stress increased the level of cholic acid, accompanied by the elevation of estradiol. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that cholic acid activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression, which inhibited hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α)-mediated estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) transcription in hepatocytes, and finally resulting in estradiol elevation. Notably, SNS inhibited breast cancer growth by suppressing estradiol level via modulating FXR/EST signaling. Furthermore, luciferase-reporting gene assay screened naringenin as the most bioactive compound in SNS for triggering EST activity in hepatocytes. Interestingly, pharmacokinetic study revealed that naringenin had the highest absorption in the liver tissue. Following in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that naringenin inhibited stress-induced breast cancer growth and metastasis by promoting estradiol metabolism via FXR/EST signaling. CONCLUSION This study not only highlights FXR/EST signaling as a crucial target in mediating stress-induced breast cancer development, but also provides naringenin as a potential candidate for breast cancer endocrine therapy via promoting estradiol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping Zhang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Neng Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Liebmann M, Asuaje Pfeifer M, Grupe K, Scherneck S. Estradiol (E2) Improves Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Stabilizes GDM Progression in a Prediabetic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126693. [PMID: 35743136 PMCID: PMC9223537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Female New Zealand obese (NZO) mice are an established model of preconceptional (pc.) prediabetes that progresses as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during gestation. It is known that NZO mice show improvement in insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) during gestation in vivo. The latter is no longer detectable in ex vivo perifusion experiments in isolated islets of Langerhans, suggesting a modulation by extrapancreatic factors. Here, we demonstrated that plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) levels increased markedly in NZO mice during gestation. The aim of this work was to determine whether these increased E2 levels are responsible for the improvement in metabolism during gestation. To achieve this goal, we examined its effects in isolated islets and primary hepatocytes of both NZO and metabolically healthy NMRI mice. E2 increased GSIS in the islets of both strains significantly. Hepatic glucose production (HGP) failed to be decreased by insulin in NZO hepatocytes but was reduced by E2 in both strains. Hepatocytes of pregnant NZO mice showed significantly lower glucose uptake (HGU) compared with NMRI controls, whereby E2 stimulation diminished this difference. Hepatocytes of pregnant NZO showed reduced glycogen content, increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, and reduced AKT activation. These differences were abolished after E2 stimulation. In conclusion, our data indicate that E2 stabilizes and prevents deterioration of the metabolic state of the prediabetic NZO mice. E2 particularly increases GSIS and improves hepatic glucose utilization to a lower extent.
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Maggi A. Sex and Liver Disease: The Necessity of an Overarching Theory to Explain the Effect of Sex on Nonreproductive Functions. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6425114. [PMID: 34758075 PMCID: PMC8826248 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The number of studies illuminating major sex differences in liver metabolic activities is growing, but we still lack a theory to explain the origin of the functional differences we are identifying. In the animal kingdom, energy metabolism is tightly associated with reproduction; conceivably, the major evolutionary step that occurred about 200 million years ago with placentation determined a significant change in female physiology, as females had to create new energy strategies to allow the growth of the embryo in the womb and the lactation of the newborn. In vertebrates the liver is the metabolic organ most tuned to gonadal functions because the liver synthesizes and transports of all the components necessary for the maturation of the egg upon estrogenic stimulation. Thus, in mammals, evolution must have worked on the already strict gonad-liver relationship fostering these novel reproductive needs. As a consequence, the functions of mammalian liver in females diverged from that in males to acquire the flexibility necessary to tailor metabolism according to reproductive status and to ensure the parsimonious exploitation and storage of energy for the continuation of gestation in case of food scarcity. Indeed, several studies show that male and female livers adopt very different strategies when confronted with nutritional stress of varied origins. Considering the role of liver and energy metabolism in most pathologies, a better focus on liver functions in the 2 sexes might be of considerable help in personalizing medicine and pharmacology for male and female needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Maggi
- Correspondence: Adriana Maggi, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20219 Milan, Italy.
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Della Torre S, Vegeto E, Ciana P. The Use of ERE-Luc Reporter Mice to Monitor Estrogen Receptor Transcriptional Activity in a Spatio-Temporal Dimension. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2418:153-172. [PMID: 35119665 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1920-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the fact that women spend 1/3 of their lives in postmenopause, the search for appropriate therapies able to counteract the derangements associated with the menopause still represents a sort of sought after the "Holy Grail."Nowadays, the combination of estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), a class of compounds with a mixed agonist/antagonistic activity on the estrogen receptor (ER) in various tissues, represents the most promising approach to improve postmenopausal women's health, by preserving the benefits while avoiding the side effects of estrogen-based therapy.Given their complex mechanisms of action, the evaluation of SERM activity in combination with conjugated estrogens (CE) requires a multifactorial analysis that takes into account the multifaceted and dynamic effects of these compounds in target tissues, even in relation to the physiological/pathological status.To accomplish such a goal, we took advantage of the ERE-Luc model, a reporter mouse that allows the monitoring of ER transcriptional activity in a spatio-temporal dimension. Cluster analyses performed on in vivo/ex vivo bioluminescence (BLI) data and ex vivo luciferase activity enabled to sustain the combination of CE plus bazedoxifene (TSEC, tissue-selective estrogen complex) as a valuable option for the pharmacological treatment of the postmenopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Vegeto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciana
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Manni I, de Latouliere L, Piaggio G. Bioluminescence and Optical Imaging: Principles and Applications. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Xu H, Yu ZH, Ge MJ, Shen JX, Han F, Pan C, Chen JJ, Zhu XL, Hou WY, Hou YQ, Lu YP. Estradiol attenuates chronic restraint stress-induced dendrite and dendritic spine loss and cofilin1 activation in ovariectomized mice. Horm Behav 2021; 135:105040. [PMID: 34358948 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian hormone deprivation is associated with mood disorders, such as depression, and estradiol therapy is significantly more effective than placebos in treating major depression associated with menopause onset. However, the effect of estradiol on neuronal plasticity and its mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. In this study, behavioral assessments were used to examine the antidepressant effect of estradiol in ovariectomized (OVX) B6.Cg-TgN (Thy-YFP-H)-2Jrs transgenic mice on chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced dendrite and dendritic spine loss; Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is characteristically expressed in excitatory neurons in transgenic mice, and its three-dimensional images were used to evaluate the effect of estradiol on the density of different types of dendritic spines. Quantification and distribution of cofilin1 and p-cofilin1 were determined by qPCR, Western blots, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The results revealed that treatment with estradiol or clomipramine significantly improved depression-like behaviors. Estradiol treatment also significantly upregulated the dendritic density in all areas examined and increased the density of filopodia-type, thin-type and mushroom-type spines in the hippocampal CA1 and elevated the thin-type and mushroom-type spine density in the PFC. Consistent with these changes, estradiol treatment significantly increased the density of p-cofilin1 immunopositive dendritic spines. Thus, these data reveal a possible estradiol antidepressant mechanism, in that estradiol promoted the phosphorylation of cofilin1 and reduced the loss of dendrites and dendritic spines, which of these dendritic spines include not only immature spines such as filopodia-type, but also mature spines such as mushroom-type, and attenuated the depression-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China; Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Wuxiashan West Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zong-Hao Yu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Ming-Jun Ge
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jun-Xian Shen
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Chuan Pan
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jing-Jing Chen
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Zhu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China; Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, No. 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Wen-Yu Hou
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yu-Qiao Hou
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Ya-Ping Lu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu 241000, China.
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Hoier B, Olsen LN, Leinum M, Jørgensen TS, Carter HH, Hellsten Y, Bangsbo J. Aerobic High-Intensity Exercise Training Improves Cardiovascular Health in Older Post-menopausal Women. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:667519. [PMID: 35822005 PMCID: PMC9261406 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.667519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a period of aerobic high intensity training on central- and peripheral cardiovascular parameters in older post-menopausal women. Eleven healthy post-menopausal (>10 years after menopause) women (mean age: 64 years; BMI: 25.3 kg m−2) completed an 8-week period of supervised, high intensity cycle training, with sessions conducted three times per week. Before and after the training period maximal oxygen uptake, body composition, popliteal artery flow mediated dilation, exercise hyperemia, arterial blood pressure, and plasma lipids were assessed. In addition, levels of estrogen related receptor α (ERRα) and vasodilator enzymes were determined in muscle biopsy samples. Training induced an 18% increase (P < 0.001) in maximal oxygen uptake. Plasma High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher (P < 0.05) after than before the training period. Fat mass was reduced (4.9%; P < 0.01), whereas lean body mass was unaltered. Mean arterial blood pressure was unchanged (91 vs. 88 mmHg; P = 0.058) with training. Training did not induce a change in popliteal flow mediated dilation. Exercise hyperemia at submaximal exercise was lower (P < 0.01; 11 and 4.6% at 10 and 16 W, respectively) after compared to before training. Muscle ERRα (~1.7-fold; P < 0.01) and eNOS (~1.4-fold; P < 0.05) were higher after the training intervention. The current study demonstrates that, in older post-menopausal women, a period of aerobic high intensity training effectively increases maximal oxygen uptake and improves the cardiovascular health profile, without a parallel improvement in conduit artery function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Hoier
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Nørregaard Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Leinum
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tue Smith Jørgensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Howard Henry Carter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Functional Imaging Using Bioluminescent Reporter Genes in Living Subjects. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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14
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Pilorz V, Kolms B, Oster H. Rapid Jetlag Resetting of Behavioral, Physiological, and Molecular Rhythms in Proestrous Female Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:612-627. [PMID: 33140660 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420965291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A gradual adaptation to a shifted light-dark (LD) cycle is a key element of the circadian clock system and believed to be controlled by the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Endocrine factors have a strong influence on the regulation of the circadian clock network and alter acute photic responses of the SCN clock. In females, endocrine function depends on the stage of the ovarian cycle. So far, however, little is known about the effect of the estrous cycle on behavioral and molecular responses to shifts in the LD rhythm. Based on this, we investigated whether estrous state affects the kinetics of phase shift during jetlag in behavior, physiology, and molecular clock rhythms in the SCN and in peripheral tissues. Female mice exposed to an advanced LD phase at proestrous or metestrous showed different phase-shift kinetics, with proestrous females displaying accelerated adaptation in behavior and physiology. Constant darkness release experiments suggest that these fast phase shifts do not reflect resetting of the SCN pacemaker. Explant experiments on SCN, adrenal gland, and uterus confirmed this finding with proestrous females showing significantly faster clock phase shifts in peripheral tissues compared with the SCN. Together, these findings provide strong evidence for an accelerated adaptation of proestrous compared with metestrous females to new LD conditions that is accompanied by rapid behavioral, physiological, and molecular rhythm resetting. Not only do these findings open up a new avenue to understand the effect of estrous cycle on the clock network under changing environmental conditions but also imply a greater susceptibility in proestrous females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Pilorz
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Beke Kolms
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
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15
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Hill RA, Kouremenos K, Tull D, Maggi A, Schroeder A, Gibbons A, Kulkarni J, Sundram S, Du X. Bazedoxifene - a promising brain active SERM that crosses the blood brain barrier and enhances spatial memory. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104830. [PMID: 32858306 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over 20 years of accumulated evidence has shown that the major female sex hormone 17β-estradiol can enhance cognitive functioning. However, the utility of estradiol as a therapeutic cognitive enhancer is hindered by its unwanted peripheral effects (carcinogenic). Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) avoid the unwanted effects of estradiol by acting as estrogen receptor antagonists in some tissues such as breast and uterus, but as agonists in others such as bone, and are currently used for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, understanding of their actions in the brain are limited. The third generation SERM bazedoxifene has recently been FDA approved for clinical use with an improved biosafety profile. However, whether bazedoxifene can enter the brain and enhance cognition is unknown. Using mice, the current study aimed to explore if bazedoxifene can 1) cross the blood-brain barrier, 2) rescue ovariectomy-induced hippocampal-dependent spatial memory deficit, and 3) activate neural estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent gene transcription. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we firstly demonstrate that a peripheral injection of bazedoxifene can enter the brain. Secondly, we show that an acute intraperitoneal injection of bazedoxifene can rescue ovariectomy-induced spatial memory deficits. And finally, using the ERE-luciferase reporter mouse, we show in vivo that bazedoxifene can activate the ERE in the brain. The evidence shown here suggest bazedoxifene could be a viable cognitive enhancer with promising clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - K Kouremenos
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - D Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - A Maggi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - A Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - A Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - J Kulkarni
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, St Kilda, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - S Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - X Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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16
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Villemain L, Prigent S, Abou-Lovergne A, Pelletier L, Chiral M, Pontoglio M, Foufelle F, Caruso S, Pineau R, Rebouissou S, Chevet E, Zucman-Rossi J, Combettes L. Sigma 1 Receptor is Overexpressed in Hepatocellular Adenoma: Involvement of ERα and HNF1α. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082213. [PMID: 32784704 PMCID: PMC7464972 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptor 1 (SigR1) is an endoplasmic reticulum resident integral membrane protein whose functions remain unclear. Although the liver shows the highest expression of SigR1, its role in this organ is unknown. SigR1 is overexpressed in many cancers and its expression is correlated to hormonal status in hormone-dependent cancers. To better understand the role of SigR1 in hepatocytes we focused our work on the regulation of its expression in tumoral liver. In this context, hepatocellular adenomas, benign hepatic tumors associated with estrogen intake are of particular interest. The expression of SigR1 mRNA was assessed in hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) patients using qPCR. The impact of estrogen on the expression of SigR1 was studied in vivo (mice) and in vitro (HepG2 and Huh7 cells). The effect of HNF1α on the expression of SigR1 was studied in vivo by comparing wild type mice to HNF1 knockout mice. Estrogen enhanced SigR1 expression through its nuclear receptor ERα. HNF1α mutated HCA (H-HCA) significantly overexpressed SigR1 compared to all other HCA subtypes. HNF1 knockout mice showed an increase in SigR1 expression. Overexpressing SigR1 in cellular models increases proliferation rate and storage of lipid droplets, which phenocopies the H-HCA phenotype. SigR1 is involved in hepatocyte proliferation and steatosis and may play an important role in the control of the H-HCA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Villemain
- UMRs 1174, University Paris-Saclay, Inserm, 91405 Orsay, France; (L.V.); (S.P.); (A.A.-L.)
| | - Sylvie Prigent
- UMRs 1174, University Paris-Saclay, Inserm, 91405 Orsay, France; (L.V.); (S.P.); (A.A.-L.)
| | - Aurélie Abou-Lovergne
- UMRs 1174, University Paris-Saclay, Inserm, 91405 Orsay, France; (L.V.); (S.P.); (A.A.-L.)
| | - Laura Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (J.Z.-R.)
| | - Magali Chiral
- Institut Necker - Enfants Malades (INEM), 14, rue Maria Héléna Vieira da Silva Bâtiment Leriche, 75014 Paris, France; (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Pontoglio
- Institut Necker - Enfants Malades (INEM), 14, rue Maria Héléna Vieira da Silva Bâtiment Leriche, 75014 Paris, France; (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Fabienne Foufelle
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne University, Inserm, U1138” Metabolic diseases, diabetes and co-morbidities” F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (J.Z.-R.)
| | - Raphael Pineau
- UMRs 1242 “Chemistry, Oncogenesis, stress, Signaling” (COSS), University de Rennes-1, 35042 Rennes, France; (R.P.); (E.C.)
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Sandra Rebouissou
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (J.Z.-R.)
| | - Eric Chevet
- UMRs 1242 “Chemistry, Oncogenesis, stress, Signaling” (COSS), University de Rennes-1, 35042 Rennes, France; (R.P.); (E.C.)
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France; (L.P.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (J.Z.-R.)
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Combettes
- UMRs 1174, University Paris-Saclay, Inserm, 91405 Orsay, France; (L.V.); (S.P.); (A.A.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-6915-6396
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17
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Peritoneal Metastatic Cancer Stem Cells of Gastric Cancer with Partial Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition and Enhanced Invasiveness in an Intraperitoneal Transplantation Model. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:3256538. [PMID: 32831823 PMCID: PMC7426763 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3256538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This preliminary study is aimed at enriching and isolating peritoneal metastatic cancer stem cells (pMCSCs) of gastric cancer and assessing their epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and invasiveness. Methods Cancer stem cells of human gastric cancer (CSC-hGC) were previously isolated and transfected with green fluorescent protein and luciferase genes to validate the mouse model of peritoneal metastasis established via transplantation. The first and second generations ([G1] and [G2], respectively) of pMCSCs were isolated from intraperitoneally transplanted CSC-hGC (pMCSC-tGC) by spherical culture. CSC and EMT-related markers and regulators in the two generations of intraperitoneally transplanted tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative PCR. Cell mobility was examined by a transwell assay. Results The nude mouse model of intraperitoneally transplanted CSC-hGC was successful in establishing sequential formation of peritoneal tumors and enrichment of pMCSCs. CD44 and CD54 were consistently expressed in the two generations of transplanted tumors. In vitro cell (migration) assays and immunocytofluorescence assays showed that in pMCSC-tGC[G2], E-cad, Survivin, and Vimentin expression was stable; α-SMA expression was decreased; and OVOL2, GRHL2, and ZEB1 expression was increased. PCR analysis indicated that in pMCSC-tGC[G2], the mRNA expression of E-cad, α-SMA, MMP9, MMP2, and Vimentin was downregulated, while that of ZEB1, OVOL2, and GRHL2 was upregulated. In vivo tumor (homing) assays and immunohistochemical assays demonstrated that in pMCSC-tGC[G2], E-cad and Snail were upregulated, while α-SMA was downregulated. The numbers of migrated and invaded pMCSC-tGC[G1] and pMCSC-tGC[G2] were significantly higher than those of CSC-hGC in migration and invasion assays. Conclusions pMCSCs might be a specific subpopulation that can be sequentially enriched by intraperitoneal transplantation. pMCSCs exhibited a tendency towards partial mesenchymal-epithelial transition, enhancing their invasiveness during homing and the formation of peritoneal tumors. However, these preliminary findings require validation in further experiments.
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18
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Vegeto E, Villa A, Della Torre S, Crippa V, Rusmini P, Cristofani R, Galbiati M, Maggi A, Poletti A. The Role of Sex and Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5572525. [PMID: 31544208 PMCID: PMC7156855 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a wide class of disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Several factors were hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases, including genetic and environmental factors. Many of these diseases show a sex prevalence and sex steroids were shown to have a role in the progression of specific forms of neurodegeneration. Estrogens were reported to be neuroprotective through their action on cognate nuclear and membrane receptors, while adverse effects of male hormones have been described on neuronal cells, although some data also suggest neuroprotective activities. The response of the CNS to sex steroids is a complex and integrated process that depends on (i) the type and amount of the cognate steroid receptor and (ii) the target cell type-either neurons, glia, or microglia. Moreover, the levels of sex steroids in the CNS fluctuate due to gonadal activities and to local metabolism and synthesis. Importantly, biochemical processes involved in the pathogenesis of NDs are increasingly being recognized as different between the two sexes and as influenced by sex steroids. The aim of this review is to present current state-of-the-art understanding on the potential role of sex steroids and their receptors on the onset and progression of major neurodegenerative disorders, namely, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the peculiar motoneuron disease spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, in which hormonal therapy is potentially useful as disease modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Vegeto
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DiSFarm), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute (DiSS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DiSFarm), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DiSFarm), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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19
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Yoshida I, Ishida K, Yoshikawa H, Kitamura S, Hiromori Y, Nishioka Y, Ido A, Kimura T, Nishikawa JI, Hu J, Nagase H, Nakanishi T. In vivo profiling of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced estrogenic/anti-estrogenic effects in female estrogen-responsive reporter transgenic mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121526. [PMID: 31732351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), commonly referred to simply as "dioxin", is a persistent environmental pollutant. Because of its high environmental persistence and biological accumulation, humans and animals are often exposed to TCDD. Therefore, the harmful effects on humans and animals is a major concern. Although studies have elucidated the adverse estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects of TCDD, it is unclear in which tissues TCDD exerts these effects in vivo. To investigate the estrogen-related effects of TCDD in various tissues, we generated an improved estrogen-responsive reporter transgenic mouse in which the luciferase gene luc2 is expressed in response to estrogenic signals. Using these mice, we clarified that TCDD inhibits estrogenic signaling in liver and kidney but enhances estrogenic signaling in the pituitary gland in the same individual. Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, and estrogen receptor alpha mRNA was detected in liver, kidney, and pituitary gland, suggesting that the effects of TCDD on estrogenic signaling in these organs is independent of the expression pattern of these receptors. Thus, our results indicate that TCDD exerts both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic tissue-specific effects within the same individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Yoshida
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Keishi Ishida
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Sho Kitamura
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Youhei Hiromori
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishioka
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akiko Ido
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kimura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikedanakamachi, Neyagawa, 572-8508, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Kyuban-cho, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8179, Japan
| | - Jianying Hu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hisamitsu Nagase
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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20
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Eid RS, Lieblich SE, Duarte-Guterman P, Chaiton JA, Mah AG, Wong SJ, Wen Y, Galea LAM. Selective activation of estrogen receptors α and β: Implications for depressive-like phenotypes in female mice exposed to chronic unpredictable stress. Horm Behav 2020; 119:104651. [PMID: 31790664 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) mechanisms by which 17β-estradiol influences depressive-like behaviour have primarily been investigated acutely and not within an animal model of depression. Therefore, the current study aimed to dissect the contribution of ERα and ERβ to the effects of 17β-estradiol under non-stress and chronic stress conditions. Ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated mice were treated chronically (47 days) with 17β-estradiol (E2), the ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN), the ERα agonist propylpyrazole-triol (PPT), or vehicle. On day 15 of treatment, mice from each group were assigned to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS; 28 days) or non-CUS conditions. Mice were assessed for anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. Cytokine and chemokine levels, and postsynaptic density protein 95 were measured in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, and adult hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed. Overall, the effects of CUS were more robust that those of estrogenic treatments, as seen by increased immobility in the tail suspension test (TST), reduced PSD-95 expression, reduced neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus, and HPA axis negative feedback dysregulation. However, we also observe CUS-dependent and -independent effects of ovarian status and estrogenic treatments. The effects of CUS on PSD-95 expression, the cytokine milieu, and in TST were largely driven by PPT and DPN, indicating that these treatments were not protective. Independent of CUS, estradiol increased neurogenesis in the dorsal hippocampus, blunted the corticosterone response to an acute stressor, and increased anxiety-like behaviour. These findings provide insights into the complexities of estrogen signaling in modulating depressive-like phenotypes under non-stress and chronic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand S Eid
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Lieblich
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paula Duarte-Guterman
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica A Chaiton
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amanda G Mah
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah J Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yanhua Wen
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Villa A, Gelosa P, Castiglioni L, Cimino M, Rizzi N, Pepe G, Lolli F, Marcello E, Sironi L, Vegeto E, Maggi A. Sex-Specific Features of Microglia from Adult Mice. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3501-3511. [PMID: 29924994 PMCID: PMC6024879 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex has a role in the incidence and outcome of neurological illnesses, also influencing the response to treatments. Neuroinflammation is involved in the onset and progression of several neurological diseases, and the fact that estrogens have anti-inflammatory activity suggests that these hormones may be a determinant in the sex-dependent manifestation of brain pathologies. We describe significant differences in the transcriptome of adult male and female microglia, possibly originating from perinatal exposure to sex steroids. Microglia isolated from adult brains maintain the sex-specific features when put in culture or transplanted in the brain of the opposite sex. Female microglia are neuroprotective because they restrict the damage caused by acute focal cerebral ischemia. This study therefore provides insight into a distinct perspective on the mechanisms underscoring a sexual bias in the susceptibility to brain diseases. Transcriptome sequencing indicates sexual differentiation in adult murine microglia Female microglia show a neuroprotective phenotype, independent from hormonal cues Female microglia phenotype is retained after transfer into male brains The presence of female microglia protects male brains from ischemic stroke
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Villa
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases of the University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Gelosa
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Laura Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Mauro Cimino
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pepe
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases of the University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Federica Lolli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vegeto
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases of the University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases of the University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
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Talarowska ME, Szemraj J, Kuan-Pin S. Expression of ESR1 and ESR2 oestrogen receptor encoding gene and personality traits - preliminary study. PRZEGLAD MENOPAUZALNY = MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2019; 18:133-140. [PMID: 31975979 PMCID: PMC6970415 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2019.90804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main objective of the study is to examine the hypothesis claiming a correlation between personality traits measured with the use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) personality questionnaire and the expression of the ERα (ESR1) and ERβ (ESR2) encoding gene in patients suffering from depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment was carried out on a group of 44 individuals with depression. The Polish variant of the MMPI-2 was applied with the aim of assessing personality traits. Furthermore, the authors evaluated the expression of the genes encoding the oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) at the mRNA level and protein level in the studied population. RESULTS No significant differences in the expression of ERα and ERβ encoding genes were found and confirmed in the patients with the first episode of depression and those suffering from subsequent episodes of the disease. No differences were found between women and men, either. In women a positive relationship was found between the scale of psychopathy (p = 0.04), paranoia (p = 0.01), and mania (p = 0.03) and expression for the ERα encoding gene at the mRNA level. A negative relationship was found between the mania scale and ERβ encoding gene expression at mRNA (p = 0.03) and protein (p = 0.04) levels. In males a positive relationship between anxiety as a personality trait and expression of the ERβ receptor encoding gene at mRNA level (p = 0.03) and protein level (p = 0.03) was found. CONCLUSIONS Personality traits may be linked with the expression of genes encoding oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) among patients with depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika E. Talarowska
- Department of Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Su Kuan-Pin
- Department of General Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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A Novel Prodrug Approach for Central Nervous System-Selective Estrogen Therapy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224197. [PMID: 31752337 PMCID: PMC6891678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of estrogens in the central nervous system (CNS) results from the synergistic combination of their well-orchestrated genomic and non-genomic actions, making them potential broad-spectrum neurotherapeutic agents. However, owing to unwanted peripheral hormonal burdens by any currently known non-invasive drug administrations, the development of estrogens as safe pharmacotherapeutic modalities cannot be realized until they are confined specifically and selectively to the site of action. We have developed small-molecule bioprecursor prodrugs carrying the para-quinol scaffold on the steroidal A-ring that are preferentially metabolized in the CNS to the corresponding estrogens. Here, we give an overview of our discovery of these prodrugs. Selected examples are shown to illustrate that, independently of the route of administrations and duration of treatments, these agents produce high concentration of estrogens only in the CNS without peripheral hormonal liability. 10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED) has been the best-studied representative of this novel type of prodrugs for brain and retina health. Specific applications in preclinical animal models of centrally-regulated and estrogen-responsive human diseases, including neurodegeneration, menopausal symptoms, cognitive decline and depression, are discussed to demonstrate the translational potential of our prodrug approach for CNS-selective and gender-independent estrogen therapy with inherent therapeutic safety.
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24
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Baumgartner NE, Grissom EM, Pollard KJ, McQuillen SM, Daniel JM. Neuroestrogen-Dependent Transcriptional Activity in the Brains of ERE-Luciferase Reporter Mice following Short- and Long-Term Ovariectomy. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0275-19.2019. [PMID: 31575604 PMCID: PMC6795557 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0275-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated that estrogen receptors are transcriptionally active in the absence of ovarian estrogens. The current work aims to determine whether brain-derived estrogens influence estrogen receptor-dependent transcription after short- or long-term loss of ovarian function. Experiments were conducted using estrogen response element (ERE)-Luciferase reporter mice, which express the gene for luciferase driven by consensus ERE, allowing for the quantification of ERE-dependent transcription. Brain regions examined were hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus. In Experiment 1, short-term (10 d) ovariectomy had no impact on ERE-dependent transcription across brain regions compared with sham surgery. In Experiment 2, chronic intracerebroventricular administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole significantly decreased transcriptional activity in 10-d-old ovariectomized mice across brain regions, indicating that the sustained transcription in short-term ovariectomized mice is mediated at least in part via actions of neuroestrogens. Additionally, intracerebroventricular administration of estrogen receptor antagonist ICI-182,780 blocked transcription in 10-d-old ovariectomized mice across brain regions, providing evidence that sustained transcription in ovariectomized mice is estrogen receptor dependent. In Experiment 3, long-term (70 d) ovariectomy significantly decreased ERE-dependent transcription across brain regions, though some residual activity remained. In Experiment 4, chronic intracerebroventricular letrozole administration had no impact on transcription in 70 d ovariectomized mice across brain regions, indicating that the residual ERE-dependent transcription in long-term ovariectomized mice is not mediated by neuroestrogens. Overall, the results indicate that ERE-dependent transcription in the brain continues after ovariectomy and that the actions of neuroestrogens contribute to the maintenance of ERE-dependent transcription in the brain following short-term, but not long-term, loss of ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elin M Grissom
- Neuroscience Program
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | | | | | - Jill M Daniel
- Neuroscience Program
- Tulane Brain Institute
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
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25
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Huo SJ, Wu X, Ye C, Hu MY, Li WJ, Zhang LL, Xiang SY, Yu SQ. In Situ Fluorescence Tracking Toxic Metabolite Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in HeLa Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2006-2015. [PMID: 31469264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a small molecule fluorescent probe for detecting mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) named MEHP-AF, which formed by MEHP cross-linked with 5-aminofluorescein (5-AF) through amide bond. MEHP-AF had been purified based on the different physicochemical properties of 5-AF with MEHP. MEHP-AF showed fluorescence characteristics coming from 5-AF and liposoluble property coming from MEHP. After physicochemical characterization, a series of biological studies of its action in cells were carried out. The results indicated that MEHP-AF was a fluorescent probe with strong specificity and high sensitivity. It can visibly track the location of MEHP in HeLa cell or subcellular levels under confocal laser scanning microscopy in situ. This novel fluorescent probe is expected to use for studying its intracellular behavior at the cell level, especially for investigating the interaction between MEHP and cellular molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Huo
- College of Life Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210046 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Wu
- College of Life Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210046 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Ye
- College of Life Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210046 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yuan Hu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210046 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210046 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210046 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Yun Xiang
- College of Life Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210046 , The People's Republic of China.,College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210046 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Qin Yu
- College of Life Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210046 , The People's Republic of China
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26
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Gliemann L, Hellsten Y. The exercise timing hypothesis: can exercise training compensate for the reduction in blood vessel function after menopause if timed right? J Physiol 2019; 597:4915-4925. [DOI: 10.1113/jp277056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Y. Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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27
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Khristi V, Ratri A, Ghosh S, Pathak D, Borosha S, Dai E, Roy R, Chakravarthi VP, Wolfe MW, Karim Rumi MA. Disruption of ESR1 alters the expression of genes regulating hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in male rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 490:47-56. [PMID: 30974146 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The liver helps maintain energy homeostasis by synthesizing and storing glucose and lipids. Gonadal steroids, particularly estrogens, play an important role in regulating metabolism. As estrogens are considered female hormones, metabolic disorders related to the disruption of estrogen signaling have mostly been studied in females. Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) is the predominant receptor in both the male and female liver, and it mediates the hepatic response to estrogens. Loss of ESR1 increases weight gain and obesity in female rats, while reducing the normal growth in males. Although Esr1-/- male rats have a reduced body weight, they exhibit increased adipose deposition and impaired glucose tolerance. We further investigated whether these metabolic disorders in Esr1-/- male rats were linked with the loss of transcriptional regulation by ESR1 in the liver. To identify the ESR-regulated genes, RNA-sequencing was performed on liver mRNAs from wildtype and Esr1-/- male rats. Based on an absolute fold change of ≥2 with a p-value ≤ 0.05, a total of 706 differentially expressed genes were identified in the Esr1-/- male liver: 478 downregulated, and 228 upregulated. Pathway analyses demonstrate that the differentially expressed genes include transcriptional regulators (Cry1, Nr1d1, Nr0b2), transporters (Slc1a2), and regulators of biosynthesis (Cyp7b1, Cyp8b1), and hormone metabolism (Hsd17b2, Sult1e1). Many of these genes are also integral parts of the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways in the liver. Interestingly, certain critical regulators of the metabolic pathways displayed a sexual dimorphism in expression, which may explain the divergent weight gain in Esr1-/- male and female rats despite common metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincentaben Khristi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Anamika Ratri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Subhra Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Devansh Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Shaon Borosha
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Eddie Dai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Richita Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - V Praveen Chakravarthi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Michael W Wolfe
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA; Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - M A Karim Rumi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA; Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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28
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Wei Z, Li P, Huang S, Lkhagvagarav P, Zhu M, Liang C, Jia C. Identification of key genes and molecular mechanisms associated with low egg production of broiler breeder hens in ad libitum. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:408. [PMID: 31117935 PMCID: PMC6532148 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overfeeding reduces laying performance in broiler breeder hens, which is associated with obesity, hepatic steatosis and systemic inflammation. To unravel the underlying mechanisms governing the effect of feeding regimes on energy metabolism and egg production, a transcriptomics approach was carried out for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ovary, liver and adipose tissues of broiler chickens under ad libitum and restricted feeding. Results It showed that 289, 388 and 204 DEGs were identified in the adipose, liver and ovary, respectively. These DEGs were significantly enriched in phagosome pathway, lipid transport, activity and nutrient reservoir activity in ovary; steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathways in adipose tissue; and the metabolic pathways, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and Jak-STAT signaling pathway in liver. Estrogen receptor 1, identified as one of important hubs by constructing PPI network, was up-regulated in ad libitum group, which would make more apolipoproteins be transferred to ovary. Conclusions High expression of VTGs, APOB, CYBB and CTSS in ovary would induce excess lipid deposit, oxidative stress and potential damage to ovulation. Our results contribute to understanding effects of feeding regimes on metabolic regulation during egg production of broiler breeder hens and also provide new evidence of metabolic regulation from integrated multi-tissue processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5801-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijia Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Purevsuren Lkhagvagarav
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqi Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuanyu Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cunling Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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29
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Grossmann M, Wierman ME, Angus P, Handelsman DJ. Reproductive Endocrinology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:417-446. [PMID: 30500887 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver and the reproductive system interact in a multifaceted bidirectional fashion. Sex steroid signaling influences hepatic endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism and contributes to the pathogenesis of functional and structural disorders of the liver. In turn, liver function affects the reproductive axis via modulating sex steroid metabolism and transport to tissues via sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). The liver senses the body's metabolic status and adapts its energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent fashion, a dimorphism signaled by the sex steroid milieu and possibly related to the metabolic costs of reproduction. Sex steroids impact the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, including development of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Preclinical studies in male rodents demonstrate that androgens protect against hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance both via androgen receptor signaling and, following aromatization to estradiol, estrogen receptor signaling, through regulating genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis and glucose metabolism. In female rodents in contrast to males, androgens promote hepatic steatosis and dysglycemia, whereas estradiol is similarly protective against liver disease. In men, hepatic steatosis is associated with modest reductions in circulating testosterone, in part consequent to a reduction in circulating SHBG. Testosterone treatment has not been demonstrated to improve hepatic steatosis in randomized controlled clinical trials. Consistent with sex-dimorphic preclinical findings, androgens promote hepatic steatosis and dysglycemia in women, whereas endogenous estradiol appears protective in both men and women. In both sexes, androgens promote hepatic fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas estradiol is protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret E Wierman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter Angus
- Department of Medicine Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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Manni I, de Latouliere L, Gurtner A, Piaggio G. Transgenic Animal Models to Visualize Cancer-Related Cellular Processes by Bioluminescence Imaging. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:235. [PMID: 30930779 PMCID: PMC6428995 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical animal models are valuable tools to improve treatments of malignant diseases, being an intermediate step of experimentation between cell culture and human clinical trials. Among different animal models frequently used in cancer research are mouse and, more recently, zebrafish models. Indeed, most of the cellular pathways are highly conserved between human, mouse and zebrafish, thus rendering these models very attractive. Recently, several transgenic reporter mice and zebrafishes have been generated in which the luciferase reporter gene are placed under the control of a promoter whose activity is strictly related to specific cancer cellular processes. Other mouse models have been generated by the cDNA luciferase knockin in the locus of a gene whose expression/activity has increased in cancer. Using BioLuminescence Imaging (BLI), we have now the opportunity to spatiotemporal visualize cell behaviors, among which proliferation, apoptosis, migration and immune responses, in any body district in living animal in a time frame process. We provide here a review of the available models to visualized cancer and cancer-associated events in living animals by BLI and as they have been successful in identifying new stages of early tumor progression, new interactions between different tissues and new therapeutic responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Manni
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa de Latouliere
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Aymone Gurtner
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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31
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Xia Y, Pang H. Glucuronidation of d-Luciferin In Vitro: Isoform Selectivity and Kinetics Characterization. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:549-556. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-019-00549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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32
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Inhibition of SIRT1 deacetylase and p53 activation uncouples the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive actions of NSAIDs. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:537-546. [PMID: 30739913 PMCID: PMC6461760 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been proposed as chemopreventive agents for many tumours; however, the mechanism responsible for their anti-neoplastic activity remains elusive and the side effects due to cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition prevent this clinical application. Methods Molecular biology, in silico, cellular and in vivo tools, including innovative in vivo imaging and classical biochemical assays, were applied to identify and characterise the COX-independent anti-cancer mechanism of NSAIDs. Results Here, we show that tumour-protective functions of NSAIDs and exisulind (a sulindac metabolite lacking anti-inflammatory activity) occur through a COX-independent mechanism. We demonstrate these NSAIDs counteract carcinogen-induced proliferation by inhibiting the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase activity, augmenting acetylation and activity of the tumour suppressor p53 and increasing the expression of the antiproliferative gene p21. These properties are shared by all NSAIDs except for ketoprofen lacking anti-cancer properties. The clinical interest of the mechanism identified is underlined by our finding that p53 is activated in mastectomy patients undergoing intraoperative ketorolac, a treatment associated with decreased relapse risk and increased survival. Conclusion Our study, for the first-time, links NSAID chemopreventive activity with direct SIRT1 inhibition and activation of the p53/p21 anti-oncogenic pathway, suggesting a novel strategy for the design of tumour-protective drugs.
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33
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Della Torre S, Rando G, Meda C, Ciana P, Ottobrini L, Maggi A. Transcriptional activity of oestrogen receptors in the course of embryo development. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:165-176. [PMID: 30012715 PMCID: PMC6084787 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogens are well-known proliferation and differentiation factors that play an essential role in the correct development of sex-related organs and behaviour in mammals. With the use of the ERE-Luc reporter mouse model, we show herein that throughout mouse development, oestrogen receptors (ERs) are active starting from day 12 post conception. Most interestingly, we show that prenatal luciferase expression in each organ is proportionally different in relation to the germ layer of the origin. The luciferase content is highest in ectoderm-derived organs (such as brain and skin) and is lowest in endoderm-derived organs (such as liver, lung, thymus and intestine). Consistent with the testosterone surge occurring in male mice at the end of pregnancy, in the first 2 days after birth, we observed a significant increase in the luciferase content in several organs, including the liver, bone, gonads and hindbrain. The results of the present study show a widespread transcriptional activity of ERs in developing embryos, pointing to the potential contribution of these receptors in the development of non-reproductive as well as reproductive organs. Consequently, the findings reported here might be relevant in explaining the significant differences in male and female physiopathology reported by a growing number of studies and may underline the necessity for more systematic analyses aimed at the identification of the prenatal effects of drugs interfering with ER signalling, such as aromatase inhibitors or endocrine disrupter chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Rando
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Meda
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciana
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-OncologyUniversity of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversity of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Agostini D, Zeppa Donati S, Lucertini F, Annibalini G, Gervasi M, Ferri Marini C, Piccoli G, Stocchi V, Barbieri E, Sestili P. Muscle and Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women: Role of Protein and Vitamin D Supplementation Combined with Exercise Training. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081103. [PMID: 30115856 PMCID: PMC6116194 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is an age-dependent physiological condition associated with a natural decline in oestrogen levels, which causes a progressive decrease of muscle mass and strength and bone density. Sarcopenia and osteoporosis often coexist in elderly people, with a prevalence of the latter in elderly women. The profound interaction between muscle and bone induces a negative resonance between the two tissues affected by these disorders worsening the quality of life in the postmenopausal period. It has been estimated that at least 1 in 3 women over age 50 will experience osteoporotic fractures, often requiring hospitalisation and long-term care, causing a large financial burden to health insurance systems. Hormonal replacement therapy is effective in osteoporosis prevention, but concerns have been raised with regard to its safety. On the whole, the increase in life expectancy for postmenopausal women along with the need to improve their quality of life makes it necessary to develop specific and safe therapeutic strategies, alternative to hormonal replacement therapy, targeting both sarcopenia and osteoporosis progression. This review will examine the rationale and the effects of dietary protein, vitamin D and calcium supplementation combined with a specifically-designed exercise training prescription as a strategy to counteract these postmenopausal-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Sabrina Zeppa Donati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Giosuè Annibalini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
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Hua L, Zhuo Y, Jiang D, Li J, Huang X, Zhu Y, Li Z, Yan L, Jin C, Jiang X, Che L, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Li J, Feng B, Wu D. Identification of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 as a mediator in 17β‐estradiol‐induced white adipose tissue browning. FASEB J 2018; 32:5602-5611. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800240r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yingguo Zhu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lijun Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chao Jin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Ministry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistant NutritionMinistry of Education of ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
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Cvitanović Tomaš T, Urlep Ž, Moškon M, Mraz M, Rozman D. LiverSex Computational Model: Sexual Aspects in Hepatic Metabolism and Abnormalities. Front Physiol 2018; 9:360. [PMID: 29706895 PMCID: PMC5907313 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is to date the best example of a sexually dimorphic non-reproductive organ. Over 1,000 genes are differentially expressed between sexes indicating that female and male livers are two metabolically distinct organs. The spectrum of liver diseases is broad and is usually prevalent in one or the other sex, with different contributing genetic and environmental factors. It is thus difficult to predict individual's disease outcomes and treatment options. Systems approaches including mathematical modeling can aid importantly in understanding the multifactorial liver disease etiology leading toward tailored diagnostics, prognostics and therapy. The currently established computational models of hepatic metabolism that have proven to be essential for understanding of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited to the description of gender-independent response or reflect solely the response of the males. Herein we present LiverSex, the first sex-based multi-tissue and multi-level liver metabolic computational model. The model was constructed based on in silico liver model SteatoNet and the object-oriented modeling. The crucial factor in adaptation of liver metabolism to the sex is the inclusion of estrogen and androgen receptor responses to respective hormones and the link to sex-differences in growth hormone release. The model was extensively validated on literature data and experimental data obtained from wild type C57BL/6 mice fed with regular chow and western diet. These experimental results show extensive sex-dependent changes and could not be reproduced in silico with the uniform model SteatoNet. LiverSex represents the first large-scale liver metabolic model, which allows a detailed insight into the sex-dependent complex liver pathologies, and how the genetic and environmental factors interact with the sex in disease appearance and progression. We used the model to identify the most important sex-dependent metabolic pathways, which are involved in accumulation of triglycerides representing initial steps of NAFLD. We identified PGC1A, PPARα, FXR, and LXR as regulatory factors that could become important in sex-dependent personalized treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Cvitanović Tomaš
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Urlep
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Moškon
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Mraz
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Carafa V, Nebbioso A, Cuomo F, Rotili D, Cobellis G, Bontempo P, Baldi A, Spugnini EP, Citro G, Chambery A, Russo R, Ruvo M, Ciana P, Maravigna L, Shaik J, Radaelli E, De Antonellis P, Tarantino D, Pirolli A, Ragno R, Zollo M, Stunnenberg HG, Mai A, Altucci L. RIP1–HAT1–SIRT Complex Identification and Targeting in Treatment and Prevention of Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Background Epidemiological and clinical studies have largely demonstrated major differences in the prevalence of metabolic disorders in males and females, but the biological cause of these dissimilarities remain to be elucidated. Mammals are characterized by a major change in reproductive strategies and it is conceivable that these changes subjected females to a significant evolutionary pressure that perfected the coupling between energy metabolism and reproduction. Scope of review This review will address the plausibility that female liver functions diverged significantly from males given the role of liver in the control of metabolism. Indeed, it is well known that the liver is sexually dimorphic, and this might be relevant to explain the lower susceptibility to hepatic diseases and liver-derived metabolic disturbances (such as the cardiovascular diseases) characteristic of females during their fertile period. Furthermore, estrogens and the hepatic ERα play a significant role in liver sexual-specific functions and in the control of metabolic functions. Conclusions A better grasp of the role of male and female sex steroids in the liver of the two sexes may therefore represent an important element to conceive novel treatments aimed at preventing metabolic diseases particularly in ageing women or limiting undesired side effect in the treatment of gender dysphoria. Liver is a target for estrogens. Liver metabolism is regulated by estrogens. Metabolism and reproduction are reciprocally regulated functions. Liver sexual dimorphism is associated to female reproductive functions. Liver is sexually differentiated neonatally.
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Rizzi N, Villa A, Benedusi V, Brunialti E, Cesari N, Ciana P, Maggi A. Endocrine influence on neuroinflammation: the use of reporter systems. J Neuroendocrinol 2018. [PMID: 28650102 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Most of the ageing-associated pathologies are coupled with a strong inflammatory component that accelerates the progress of the physiopathological functional decline related to ageing. The currently available pharmacological tools for the control of neuroinflammation present several side effects that restrict their application, particularly in chronic disorders. The discovery of the potential anti-inflammatory action exerted by endogenous oestrogens, as well as the finding that activation of oestrogen receptor α results in a significant decrease of inflammation at the cellular level and in models of inflammatory diseases, prompted us to embark in a series of studies aimed at the generation of reporter systems, allowing us to (i) understand the anti-inflammatory action of oestrogens at molecular level; (ii) evaluate the extent to which the action of this steroid hormone was relevant in models of pathologies characterised by a strong inflammatory component; and (iii) investigate the efficacy of novel, synthetic oestrogens endowed with anti-inflammatory activity. Accordingly, we conceived the NFκB-luc2 reporter mouse, a model characterised by dual reporter genes for fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging under the control of a synthetic DNA able to bind the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B, the master regulator of the expression of most of the cytokines responsible for the initial phase of acute inflammation. Here, we summarise the philosophy that has driven our research in the past years, as well as some of the results obtained so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Villa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - V Benedusi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Brunialti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - N Cesari
- Centro Clinico-Veterinario e Zootecnico-Sperimentale d'Ateneo, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - P Ciana
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Maggi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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40
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Khosla S, Monroe DG. Regulation of Bone Metabolism by Sex Steroids. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a031211. [PMID: 28710257 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a significant public health problem, and a major cause of the disease is estrogen deficiency following menopause in women. In addition, considerable evidence now shows that estrogen is also a major regulator of bone metabolism in men. Since the original description of the effects of estrogen deficiency on bone by Fuller Albright more than 70 years ago, there has been enormous progress in understanding the mechanisms of estrogen and testosterone action on bone using human and mouse models. Although we understand more about the effects of estrogen on bone as compared with testosterone, both sex steroids do play important roles, perhaps in a somewhat compartment-specific (i.e., cancellous vs. cortical bone) manner. This review summarizes our current knowledge of sex steroid action on bone based on human and mouse studies, identifies both agreements and potential discrepancies between these studies, and suggests directions for future research in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - David G Monroe
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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Wang R, Gao D, Zhou Y, Chen L, Luo B, Yu Y, Li H, Hu J, Huang Q, He M, Peng W, Luo D. High glucose impaired estrogen receptor alpha signaling via β-catenin in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:276-283. [PMID: 29030155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic Mellitus is a risk factor for osteoporosis. It has been suggested that altered estrogen or estrogen receptor α/β (ERα/β) signaling may be involved in diabetic osteoporosis. The present study is to investigate the effects of high glucose on ERα/β signaling in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 and how the altered signaling of ERα/β affect osteoblastic bone formation. ERα/β signaling was demonstrated as ERα/β protein expression (Western Blotting) and ER transcription activity (Luciferase Reporter assays). Proliferation (WSK-1 assaying), differentiation (ALP staining) and mineralization (Alizalard Red staining) of MC3T3-E1 were examined to evaluate bone formation function. It has been found that high glucose increased ERα/β expression dose-dependently and time-dependently, but high glucose (33mM) decreased ERα transcription activity. 17β-estradiol increased the ERα/β expression dose-dependently in normal medium, but decreased the ERα/β expression dose-dependently in medium with high glucose (33mM). High glucose decreased bone formation and also decreased the osteogenic effects of 17β-estradiol (10-8M). High glucose decreased β-catenin expression dose-dependently and time-dependently. LiCl, an inhibitor of β-catenin degradation, decreased ERα expression but increased ERα transcription activity. When compared with high glucose treatment, LiCl (5mM) increased ALP activity and calcified nodes. Besides, high glucose also decreased the protein expression PI-3K, pAKT/AKT, GSK-3β. In conclusion, the present study suggested that high glucose may impair ERα transcription activity by inhibiting β-catenin signaling in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1, leading decreased bone formation ligand-dependently or ligand-independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Dong Gao
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Yin Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Yanrong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Qiren Huang
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Ming He
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Weijie Peng
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Academy of Medical Science, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China.
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China.
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Rizzi N, Rebecchi M, Levandis G, Ciana P, Maggi A. Identification of novel loci for the generation of reporter mice. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e37. [PMID: 27899606 PMCID: PMC5389565 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the etiology of complex pathologies at molecular level requires longitudinal studies encompassing multiple biochemical pathways (apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress). In vivo imaging of current reporter animals enabled the spatio-temporal analysis of specific molecular events, however, the lack of a multiplicity of loci for the generalized and regulated expression of the integrated transgenes hampers the creation of systems for the simultaneous analysis of more than a biochemical pathways at the time. We here developed and tested an in vivo-based methodology for the identification of multiple insertional loci suitable for the generation of reliable reporter mice. The validity of the methodology was tested with the generation of novel mice useful to report on inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Rizzi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Rebecchi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Levandis
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciana
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan, Italy
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Novel Locally Active Estrogens Accelerate Cutaneous Wound Healing-Part 2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2510. [PMID: 28566747 PMCID: PMC5451472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deprivation is associated with delayed healing, while estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) accelerates acute wound healing and protects against development of chronic wounds. However, current estrogenic molecules have undesired systemic effects, thus the aim of our studies is to generate new molecules for topic administration that are devoid of systemic effects. Following a preliminary study, the new 17β-estradiol derivatives 1 were synthesized. The estrogenic activity of these novel compounds was evaluated in vitro using the cell line ERE-Luc B17 stably transfected with an ERE-Luc reporter. Among the 17β-estradiol derivatives synthesized, compounds 1e and 1f showed the highest transactivation potency and were therefore selected for the study of their systemic estrogenic activity. The study of these compounds in the ERE-Luc mouse model demonstrated that both compounds lack systemic effects when administered in the wound area. Furthermore, wound-healing experiments showed that 1e displays a significant regenerative and anti-inflammatory activity. It is therefore confirmed that this class of compounds are suitable for topical administration and have a clear beneficial effect on wound healing.
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Della Torre S, Maggi A. Sex Differences: A Resultant of an Evolutionary Pressure? Cell Metab 2017; 25:499-505. [PMID: 28190772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Spurred by current research policy, we are witnessing a significant growth in the number of studies that observe and describe sexual diversities in human physiology and sex prevalence in a large number of pathologies. Yet we are far from the comprehension of the mechanisms underpinning these differences, which are the result of a long evolutionary history. This Essay is meant to underline female reproductive function as a driver for the positive selection of the specific physiological features that explain male and female differential susceptibility to diseases and metabolic disturbances, in particular. A clear understanding of the causes underlying sexual dimorphisms in the physio-pathology is crucial for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Izumi H, Ishimoto T, Yamamoto H, Mori H. Application of hairless mouse strain to bioluminescence imaging of Arc expression in mouse brain. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:18. [PMID: 28114886 PMCID: PMC5260114 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful technique for monitoring the temporal and spatial dynamics of gene expression in the mouse brain. However, the black fur, skin pigmentation and hair regrowth after depilation of mouse interfere with BLI during developmental and daily examination. The aim of this study was to extend the application of Arc-Luc transgenic (Tg) mice to the BLI of neuronal activity in the mouse brain by introducing the hairless (HL) gene and to examine Arc-Luc expression at various developmental stages without interference from black fur, skin pigmentation, and hair regrowth. RESULTS The Arc-Luc Tg HL mice were established by crossing the Tg C57BL/6 mouse strain with the HL mouse strain. Under physiological and pathological conditions, BLI was performed to detect the signal intensity changes at various developmental stages and at an interval of <7 days. The established Arc-Luc Tg HL mice exhibited clear and stable photon signals from the brain without interference during development. After surgical monocular deprivation during visual-critical period, large signal intensity changes in bioluminescence were observed in the mouse visual cortex. Exposure of mice to a novel object changed the photon distribution in the caudal and rostral cerebral areas. The temporal pattern of kainic-acid-induced Arc-Luc expression showed biphasic changes in signal intensity over 24 h. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the advantages of using the mutant HL gene in BLI of Arc expression in the mouse brain at various developmental stages. Thus, the use of the Arc-Luc Tg HL mice enabled the tracking of neuronal-activity-dependent processes over a wide range from a focal area to the entire brain area with various time windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Izumi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishimoto
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Division of Animal Resources and Development, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Effects of Combined Simultaneous and Sequential Endostar and Cisplatin Treatment in a Mice Model of Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastases. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:2920384. [PMID: 28197204 PMCID: PMC5288543 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2920384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Aimed to study the effects of endostar and cisplatin using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) in a model of peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods. NUGC-4 gastric cancer cells transfected with luciferase gene (NUGC-4-Luc) were injected i.p. into nude mice. One week later, mice were randomly injected i.p.: group 1, cisplatin (d1-3) + endostar (d4-7); group 2, endostar (d1-4) + cisplatin (d5-7); group 3, endostar + cisplatin d1, 4, and 7; group 4, saline for two weeks. One week after the final administration, mice were sacrificed. Bioluminescent data, microvessel density (MVD), and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) were analyzed. Results. Among the four groups, there were no significant differences in the weights and in the number of cancer cell photons on days 1 and 8 (P > 0.05). On day 15, the numbers in groups 3 and 1 were less than that in group 2 (P < 0.05). On day 21, group 3 was significantly less than group 2 (P < 0.05). MVD of group 4 was less than that of groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (P > 0.05) or in LVD number among the four groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions. IVIS® was more useful than weight, volume of ascites, and number of peritoneal nodules. The simultaneous group was superior to sequential groups in killing cancer cells and inhibiting vascular endothelium. Cisplatin-endostar was superior to endostar-cisplatin in killing cancer cells, while the latter in inhibiting peritoneal vascular endothelium.
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Palmisano BT, Stafford JM, Pendergast JS. High-Fat Feeding Does Not Disrupt Daily Rhythms in Female Mice because of Protection by Ovarian Hormones. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:44. [PMID: 28352249 PMCID: PMC5348546 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in women is increased by the loss of circulating estrogen after menopause. Shift work, which disrupts circadian rhythms, also increases the risk for obesity. It is not known whether ovarian hormones interact with the circadian system to protect females from obesity. During high-fat feeding, male C57BL/6J mice develop profound obesity and disruption of daily rhythms. Since C57BL/6J female mice did not develop diet-induced obesity (during 8 weeks of high-fat feeding), we first determined if daily rhythms in female mice were resistant to disruption from high-fat diet. We fed female PERIOD2:LUCIFERASE mice 45% high-fat diet for 1 week and measured daily rhythms. Female mice retained robust rhythms of eating behavior and locomotor activity during high-fat feeding that were similar to chow-fed females. In addition, the phase of the liver molecular timekeeping (PER2:LUC) rhythm was not altered by high-fat feeding in females. To determine if ovarian hormones protected daily rhythms in female mice from high-fat feeding, we analyzed rhythms in ovariectomized mice. During high-fat feeding, the amplitudes of the eating behavior and locomotor activity rhythms were reduced in ovariectomized females. Liver PER2:LUC rhythms were also advanced by ~4 h by high-fat feeding, but not chow, in ovariectomized females. Together these data show circulating ovarian hormones protect the integrity of daily rhythms in female mice during high-fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Palmisano
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John M. Stafford
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie S. Pendergast
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- *Correspondence: Julie S. Pendergast,
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Palmisano BT, Zhu L, Stafford JM. Role of Estrogens in the Regulation of Liver Lipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:227-256. [PMID: 29224098 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Before menopause, women are protected from atherosclerotic heart disease associated with obesity relative to men. Sex hormones have been proposed as a mechanism that differentiates this risk. In this review, we discuss the literature around how the endogenous sex hormones and hormone treatment approaches after menopause regulate fatty acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism to influence cardiovascular risk.The important regulatory functions of estrogen signaling pathways with regard to lipid metabolism have been in part obscured by clinical trials with hormone treatment of women after menopause, due to different formulations, routes of delivery, and pairings with progestins. Oral hormone treatment with several estrogen preparations increases VLDL triglyceride production. Progestins oppose this effect by stimulating VLDL clearance in both humans and animals. Transdermal estradiol preparations do not increase VLDL production or serum triglycerides.Many aspects of sex differences in atherosclerotic heart disease risk are influenced by the distributed actions of estrogens in the muscle, adipose, and liver. In humans, 17β-estradiol (E2) is the predominant circulating estrogen and signals through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Over 1000 human liver genes display a sex bias in their expression, and the top biological pathways are in lipid metabolism and genes related to cardiovascular disease. Many of these genes display variation depending on estrus cycling in the mouse. Future directions will likely rely on targeting estrogens to specific tissues or specific aspects of the signaling pathways in order to recapitulate the protective physiology of premenopause therapeutically after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Palmisano
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John M Stafford
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Torre D, Lolli F, Ciana P, Maggi A. Sexual Dimorphism and Estrogen Action in Mouse Liver. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:141-151. [PMID: 29224094 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that in mice, the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is expressed in the liver and has a direct effect on the regulation of the hepatic genes relevant for energy metabolism and drug metabolism. The sex-related differential expression of the hepatic ERα raises the questions as to whether this receptor is responsible for the sexual differences observed in the physiopathology of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Della Torre
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Federica Lolli
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciana
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, MI, Italy.
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A transgenic mouse model expressing an ERα folding biosensor reveals the effects of Bisphenol A on estrogen receptor signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34788. [PMID: 27721470 PMCID: PMC5056407 DOI: 10.1038/srep34788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) plays an important role in normal and abnormal physiology of the human reproductive system by interacting with the endogenous ligand estradiol (E2). However, other ligands, either analogous or dissimilar to E2, also bind to ERα. This may create unintentional activation of ER signaling in reproductive tissues that can lead to cancer development. We developed a transgenic mouse model that constitutively expresses a firefly luciferase (FLuc) split reporter complementation biosensor (NFLuc-ER-LBDG521T-CFLuc) to simultaneously evaluate the dynamics and potency of ligands that bind to ERα. We first validated this model using various ER ligands, including Raloxifene, Diethylstilbestrol, E2, and 4-hydroxytamoxifen, by employing FLuc-based optical bioluminescence imaging of living mice. We then used the model to investigate the carcinogenic property of Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental estrogen, by long-term exposure at full and half environmental doses. We showed significant carcinogenic effects on female animals while revealing activated downstream ER signaling as measured by bioluminescence imaging. BPA induced tumor-like outgrowths in female transgenic mice, histopathologically confirmed to be neoplastic and epithelial in origin. This transgenic mouse model expressing an ERα folding-biosensor is useful in evaluation of estrogenic ligands and their downstream effects, and in studying environmental estrogen induced carcinogenesis in vivo.
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