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Wang C, Fan M, Heo SJ, Adams SM, Li T, Liu Y, Li Q, Loebel C, Alisafaei F, Burdick JA, Lu XL, Birk DE, Mauck RL, Han L. Structure-Mechanics Principles and Mechanobiology of Fibrocartilage Pericellular Matrix: A Pivotal Role of Type V Collagen. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600498. [PMID: 38979323 PMCID: PMC11230444 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The pericellular matrix (PCM) is the immediate microniche surrounding resident cells in various tissue types, regulating matrix turnover, cell-matrix cross-talk and disease initiation. This study elucidated the structure-mechanical properties and mechanobiological functions of the PCM in fibrocartilage, a family of connective tissues that sustain complex tensile and compressive loads in vivo. Studying the murine meniscus as the model tissue, we showed that fibrocartilage PCM contains thinner, random collagen fibrillar networks that entrap proteoglycans, a structure distinct from the densely packed, highly aligned collagen fibers in the bulk extracellular matrix (ECM). In comparison to the ECM, the PCM has a lower modulus and greater isotropy, but similar relative viscoelastic properties. In Col5a1 +/ D menisci, the reduction of collagen V, a minor collagen localized in the PCM, resulted in aberrant fibril thickening with increased heterogeneity. Consequently, the PCM exhibited a reduced modulus, loss of isotropy and faster viscoelastic relaxation. This disrupted PCM contributes to perturbed mechanotransduction of resident meniscal cells, as illustrated by reduced intracellular calcium signaling, as well as upregulated biosynthesis of lysyl oxidase and tenascin C. When cultured in vitro, Col5a1 +/ D meniscal cells synthesized a weakened nascent PCM, which had inferior properties towards protecting resident cells against applied tensile stretch. These findings underscore the PCM as a distinctive microstructure that governs fibrocartilage mechanobiology, and highlight the pivotal role of collagen V in PCM function. Targeting the PCM or its molecular constituents holds promise for enhancing not only meniscus regeneration and osteoarthritis intervention, but also addressing diseases across various fibrocartilaginous tissues.
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Peng X, Huang Y, Genin GM. The fibrous character of pericellular matrix mediates cell mechanotransduction. JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS 2023; 180:105423. [PMID: 38559448 PMCID: PMC10978028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2023.105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cells in solid tissues sense and respond to mechanical signals that are transmitted through extracellular matrix (ECM) over distances that are many times their size. This long-range force transmission is known to arise from strain-stiffening and buckling in the collagen fiber ECM network, but must also pass through the denser pericellular matrix (PCM) that cells form by secreting and compacting nearby collagen. However, the role of the PCM in the transmission of mechanical signals is still unclear. We therefore studied an idealized computational model of cells embedded within fibrous collagen ECM and PCM. Our results suggest that the smaller network pore sizes associated with PCM attenuates tension-driven collagen-fiber alignment, undermining long-range force transmission and shielding cells from mechanical stress. However, elongation of the cell body or anisotropic cell contraction can compensate for these effects to enable long distance force transmission. Results are consistent with recent experiments that highlight an effect of PCM on shielding cells from high stresses. Results have implications for the transmission of mechanical signaling in development, wound healing, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Peng
- U.S. National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 United States
| | - Yuxuan Huang
- U.S. National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 United States
| | - Guy M. Genin
- U.S. National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 United States
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3
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Tinguely Y, Shi V, Klatte-Schulz F, Duda GN, Freedman BR, Mooney DJ. Aging and injury affect nuclear shape heterogeneity in tendon. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2186-2194. [PMID: 37316467 PMCID: PMC10527098 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tissue level properties are commonly studied using histological stains assessed with qualitative scoring methods. As qualitative evaluation is typically insensitive, quantitative analysis provides additional information about pathological mechanisms, but cannot capture structural heterogeneity across cell subpopulations. However, molecular analyses of cell and nuclear behavior have identified that cell and more recently also nuclear shape are highly associated with cell function and malfunction. This study combined a Visually Aided Morpho-Phenotyping Image Recognition analysis that automatically segments cells based on their shape with an added capacity to further discriminate between cells in certain protein-rich extracellular matrix regions. We used tendon as a model system given the enormous changes in organization and cell and nuclear shape they undergo during aging and injury. Our results uncover that multiple shape modes of nuclei exist during maturity and aging in rat tendon and that distinct subgroups of cell nuclei shapes exist in proteoglycan-rich regions during aging. With injury, several immunomarkers (αSMA, CD31, CD146) were associated with more rounded shape modes. In human tendons, the cell nuclei at sites of injury were found to be more rounded relative to uninjured tissues. To conclude, the tendon tissue changes occurring during aging and injury could be associated with a variation in cell nuclear morphology and the appearance of various region-specific subpopulations. Thus, the methodologies developed allow for a deeper understanding of cell heterogeneity during tendon aging and injury and may be extended to study further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Tinguely
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivian Shi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Franka Klatte-Schulz
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin R Freedman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Kwok B, Chandrasekaran P, Wang C, He L, Mauck RL, Dyment NA, Koyama E, Han L. Rapid specialization and stiffening of the primitive matrix in developing articular cartilage and meniscus. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:235-251. [PMID: 37414114 PMCID: PMC10529006 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding early patterning events in the extracellular matrix (ECM) formation can provide a blueprint for regenerative strategies to better recapitulate the function of native tissues. Currently, there is little knowledge on the initial, incipient ECM of articular cartilage and meniscus, two load-bearing counterparts of the knee joint. This study elucidated distinctive traits of their developing ECMs by studying the composition and biomechanics of these two tissues in mice from mid-gestation (embryonic day 15.5) to neo-natal (post-natal day 7) stages. We show that articular cartilage initiates with the formation of a pericellular matrix (PCM)-like primitive matrix, followed by the separation into distinct PCM and territorial/interterritorial (T/IT)-ECM domains, and then, further expansion of the T/IT-ECM through maturity. In this process, the primitive matrix undergoes a rapid, exponential stiffening, with a daily modulus increase rate of 35.7% [31.9 39.6]% (mean [95% CI]). Meanwhile, the matrix becomes more heterogeneous in the spatial distribution of properties, with concurrent exponential increases in the standard deviation of micromodulus and the slope correlating local micromodulus with the distance from cell surface. In comparison to articular cartilage, the primitive matrix of meniscus also exhibits exponential stiffening and an increase in heterogeneity, albeit with a much slower daily stiffening rate of 19.8% [14.9 24.9]% and a delayed separation of PCM and T/IT-ECM. These contrasts underscore distinct development paths of hyaline versus fibrocartilage. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into how knee joint tissues form to better guide cell- and biomaterial-based repair of articular cartilage, meniscus and potentially other load-bearing cartilaginous tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Successful regeneration of articular cartilage and meniscus is challenged by incomplete knowledge of early events that drive the initial formation of the tissues' extracellular matrix in vivo. This study shows that articular cartilage initiates with a pericellular matrix (PCM)-like primitive matrix during embryonic development. This primitive matrix then separates into distinct PCM and territorial/interterritorial domains, undergoes an exponential daily stiffening of ≈36% and an increase in micromechanical heterogeneity. At this early stage, the meniscus primitive matrix shows differential molecular traits and exhibits a slower daily stiffening of ≈20%, underscoring distinct matrix development between these two tissues. Our findings thus establish a new blueprint to guide the design of regenerative strategies to recapitulate the key developmental steps in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Kwok
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Prashant Chandrasekaran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Lan He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Nathaniel A Dyment
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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5
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Bloom ET, Lin LM, Locke RC, Giordani A, Krassan E, Peloquin JM, Silbernagel KG, Parreno J, Santare MH, Killian ML, Elliott DM. Overload in a Rat In Vivo Model of Synergist Ablation Induces Tendon Multiscale Structural and Functional Degeneration. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:081003. [PMID: 37184932 PMCID: PMC10782872 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Tendon degeneration is typically described as an overuse injury with little distinction made between magnitude of load (overload) and number of cycles (overuse). Further, in vivo, animal models of tendon degeneration are mostly overuse models, where tendon damage is caused by a high number of load cycles. As a result, there is a lack of knowledge of how isolated overload leads to degeneration in tendons. A surgical model of synergist ablation (SynAb) overloads the target tendon, plantaris, by ablating its synergist tendon, Achilles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural and functional changes that occur following overload of plantaris tendon in a rat SynAb model. Tendon cross-sectional area (CSA) and shape changes were evaluated by longitudinal MR imaging up to 8 weeks postsurgery. Tissue-scale structural changes were evaluated by semiquantified histology and second harmonic generation microscopy. Fibril level changes were evaluated with serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM). Functional changes were evaluated using tension tests at the tissue and microscale using a custom testing system allowing both video and microscopy imaging. At 8 weeks, overloaded plantaris tendons exhibited degenerative changes including increases in CSA, cell density, collagen damage area fraction (DAF), and fibril diameter, and decreases in collagen alignment, modulus, and yield stress. To interpret the differences between overload and overuse in tendon, we introduce a new framework for tendon remodeling and degeneration that differentiates between the inputs of overload and overuse. In summary, isolated overload induces multiscale degenerative structural and functional changes in plantaris tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Bloom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Lily M Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Ryan C Locke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, CMCVAMC, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alyssa Giordani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Erin Krassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - John M Peloquin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | | | - Justin Parreno
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Michael H Santare
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Megan L Killian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
| | - Dawn M Elliott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
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6
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Zhu Y, Zhang M, Sun Q, Wang X, Li X, Li Q. Advanced Mechanical Testing Technologies at the Cellular Level: The Mechanisms and Application in Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3255. [PMID: 37571149 PMCID: PMC10422338 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanics, as a key physical factor which affects cell function and tissue regeneration, is attracting the attention of researchers in the fields of biomaterials, biomechanics, and tissue engineering. The macroscopic mechanical properties of tissue engineering scaffolds have been studied and optimized based on different applications. However, the mechanical properties of the overall scaffold materials are not enough to reveal the mechanical mechanism of the cell-matrix interaction. Hence, the mechanical detection of cell mechanics and cellular-scale microenvironments has become crucial for unraveling the mechanisms which underly cell activities and which are affected by physical factors. This review mainly focuses on the advanced technologies and applications of cell-scale mechanical detection. It summarizes the techniques used in micromechanical performance analysis, including atomic force microscope (AFM), optical tweezer (OT), magnetic tweezer (MT), and traction force microscope (TFM), and analyzes their testing mechanisms. In addition, the application of mechanical testing techniques to cell mechanics and tissue engineering scaffolds, such as hydrogels and porous scaffolds, is summarized and discussed. Finally, it highlights the challenges and prospects of this field. This review is believed to provide valuable insights into micromechanics in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Zhu
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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7
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Peloquin JM, Santare MH, Elliott DM. Volume Loss and Recovery in Bovine Knee Meniscus Loaded in Circumferential Tension. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:071009. [PMID: 36939383 PMCID: PMC10158976 DOI: 10.1115/1.4062142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Load-induced volume change is an important aspect of knee meniscus function because volume loss creates fluid pressure, which minimizes friction and helps support compressive loads. The knee meniscus is unusual amongst cartilaginous tissues in that it is loaded not only in axial compression, but also in circumferential tension between its tibial attachments. Despite the physiologic importance of the knee meniscus' tensile properties, its volumetric strain in tension has never been directly measured, and predictions of volume strain in the scientific literature are inconsistent. In this study, we apply uniaxial tension to bovine knee meniscus and use biplanar imaging to directly observe the resulting three-dimensional volume change and unloaded recovery, revealing that tension causes volumetric contraction. Compression is already known to also cause contraction; therefore, all major physiologic loads compress and pressurize the meniscus, inducing fluid outflow. Although passive unloaded recovery is often described as slow relative to loaded loss, here we show that at physiologic strains the volume recovery rate in the meniscus upon unloading is faster than the rate of volume loss. These measurements of volumetric strain are an important step toward a complete theory of knee meniscus fluid flow and load support.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Peloquin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave Rm 125, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Michael H. Santare
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Dawn M. Elliott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave Rm 125, Newark, DE 19716
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8
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Jones DL, Hallström GF, Jiang X, Locke RC, Evans MK, Bonnevie ED, Srikumar A, Leahy TP, Nijsure MP, Boerckel JD, Mauck RL, Dyment NA. Mechanoepigenetic regulation of extracellular matrix homeostasis via Yap and Taz. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211947120. [PMID: 37216538 PMCID: PMC10235980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211947120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells integrate mechanical cues to direct fate specification to maintain tissue function and homeostasis. While disruption of these cues is known to lead to aberrant cell behavior and chronic diseases, such as tendinopathies, the underlying mechanisms by which mechanical signals maintain cell function are not well understood. Here, we show using a model of tendon de-tensioning that loss of tensile cues in vivo acutely changes nuclear morphology, positioning, and expression of catabolic gene programs, resulting in subsequent weakening of the tendon. In vitro studies using paired ATAC/RNAseq demonstrate that the loss of cellular tension rapidly reduces chromatin accessibility in the vicinity of Yap/Taz genomic targets while also increasing expression of genes involved in matrix catabolism. Concordantly, the depletion of Yap/Taz elevates matrix catabolic expression. Conversely, overexpression of Yap results in a reduction of chromatin accessibility at matrix catabolic gene loci, while also reducing transcriptional levels. The overexpression of Yap not only prevents the induction of this broad catabolic program following a loss of cellular tension, but also preserves the underlying chromatin state from force-induced alterations. Taken together, these results provide novel mechanistic details by which mechanoepigenetic signals regulate tendon cell function through a Yap/Taz axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota L. Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Grey F. Hallström
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Ryan C. Locke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Mary Kate Evans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Edward D. Bonnevie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Anjana Srikumar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Thomas P. Leahy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Madhura P. Nijsure
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Joel D. Boerckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Nathaniel A. Dyment
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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9
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Prendergast ME, Heo SJ, Mauck RL, Burdick JA. Suspension bath bioprinting and maturation of anisotropic meniscal constructs. Biofabrication 2023; 15:10.1088/1758-5090/acc3c3. [PMID: 36913724 PMCID: PMC10156462 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acc3c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to limited intrinsic healing capacity of the meniscus, meniscal injuries pose a significant clinical challenge. The most common method for treatment of damaged meniscal tissues, meniscectomy, leads to improper loading within the knee joint, which can increase the risk of osteoarthritis. Thus, there is a clinical need for the development of constructs for meniscal repair that better replicate meniscal tissue organization to improve load distributions and function over time. Advanced three-dimensional bioprinting technologies such as suspension bath bioprinting provide some key advantages, such as the ability to support the fabrication of complex structures using non-viscous bioinks. In this work, the suspension bath printing process is utilized to print anisotropic constructs with a unique bioink that contains embedded hydrogel fibers that align via shear stresses during printing. Constructs with and without fibers are printed and then cultured for up to 56 din vitroin a custom clamping system. Printed constructs with fibers demonstrate increased cell and collagen alignment, as well as enhanced tensile moduli when compared to constructs printed without fibers. This work advances the use of biofabrication to develop anisotropic constructs that can be utilized for the repair of meniscal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su-Jin Heo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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10
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Lopez SG, Kim J, Estroff LA, Bonassar LJ. Removal of GAGs Regulates Mechanical Properties, Collagen Fiber Formation, and Alignment in Tissue Engineered Meniscus. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1608-1619. [PMID: 36802372 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The complex fibrillar architecture of native meniscus is essential for proper function and difficult to recapitulate in vitro. In the native meniscus, proteoglycan content is low during the development of collagen fibers and progressively increases with aging. In vitro, fibrochondrocytes produce glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) early in culture, in contrast to native tissue, where they are deposited after collagen fibers have formed. This difference in the timing of GAG production hinders the formation of a mature fiber network in such in vitro models. In this study, we removed GAGs from collagen gel-based tissue engineered constructs using chondroitinase ABC (cABC) and evaluated the effect on the formation and alignment of collagen fibers and the subsequent effect on tensile and compressive mechanical properties. Removal of GAGs during maturation of in vitro constructs improved collagen fiber alignment in tissue engineered meniscus constructs. Additionally, removal of GAGs during maturation improved fiber alignment without compromising compressive strength, and this removal improved not only fiber alignment and formation but also tensile properties. The increased fiber organization in cABC-treated groups also appeared to influence the size, shape, and location of defects in these constructs, suggesting that treatment may prevent the propagation of large defects under loading. This data gives another method of modulating the ECM for improved collagen fiber formation and mechanical properties in tissue engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafina G Lopez
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jongkil Kim
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science at Cornell, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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11
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Conley BM, Yang L, Bhujel B, Luo J, Han I, Lee KB. Development of a Nanohybrid Peptide Hydrogel for Enhanced Intervertebral Disc Repair and Regeneration. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3750-3764. [PMID: 36780291 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapeutic approaches to overcome the heterogeneous pro-inflammatory and inhibitory extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment are urgently needed to achieve robust structural and functional repair of severely wounded fibrocartilaginous tissues. Herein we developed a dynamic and multifunctional nanohybrid peptide hydrogel (NHPH) through hierarchical self-assembly of peptide amphiphile modified with biodegradable two-dimensional nanomaterials with enzyme-like functions. NHPH is not only injectable, biocompatible, and biodegradable but also therapeutic by catalyzing the scavenging of pro-inflammatory reactive oxygen species and promoting ECM remodeling. In addition, our NHPH method facilitated the structural and functional recovery of the intervertebral disc (IVD) after severe injuries by delivering pro-regenerative cytokines in a sustained manner, effectively suppressing immune responses and eventually restoring the regenerative microenvironment of the ECM. In parallel, the NHPH-enhanced nucleus pulposus cell differentiation and pain reduction in a rat nucleotomy model further validated the therapeutic potential of NHPH. Collectively, our advanced nanoscaffold technology will provide an alternative approach for the effective treatment of IVD degeneration as well as other fibrocartilaginous tissue injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Basanta Bhujel
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, Yatap-ro 59, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13497, Korea
| | - Jeffrey Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, Yatap-ro 59, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13497, Korea
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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12
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Heo SJ, Thakur S, Chen X, Loebel C, Xia B, McBeath R, Burdick JA, Shenoy VB, Mauck RL, Lakadamyali M. Aberrant chromatin reorganization in cells from diseased fibrous connective tissue in response to altered chemomechanical cues. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:177-191. [PMID: 35996026 PMCID: PMC10053755 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the micro-environment of fibrous connective tissue can lead to alterations in the phenotypes of tissue-resident cells, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, by visualizing the dynamics of histone spatial reorganization in tenocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells from fibrous tissue of human donors via super-resolution microscopy, we show that physiological and pathological chemomechanical cues can directly regulate the spatial nanoscale organization and density of chromatin in these tissue-resident cell populations. Specifically, changes in substrate stiffness, altered oxygen tension and the presence of inflammatory signals drive chromatin relocalization and compaction into the nuclear boundary, mediated by the activity of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 and an intact cytoskeleton. In healthy cells, chemomechanically triggered changes in the spatial organization and density of chromatin are reversible and can be attenuated by dynamically stiffening the substrate. In diseased human cells, however, the link between mechanical or chemical inputs and chromatin remodelling is abrogated. Our findings suggest that aberrant chromatin organization in fibrous connective tissue may be a hallmark of disease progression that could be leveraged for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Heo
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shreyasi Thakur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia Loebel
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Boao Xia
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rowena McBeath
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Melike Lakadamyali
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Lei IM, Chen G, Xue Y, Liang X, Wang D, Wang G, He S, Liu J. Robust Hydrogel Adhesion by Harnessing Bioinspired Interfacial Mineralization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201796. [PMID: 35801492 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have gained intensive interest in biomedical and flexible electronics, and adhesion of hydrogels to substrates or devices is indispensable in these application scenarios. Although numerous hydrogel adhesion strategies have been developed, it is still challenging to achieve a hydrogel with robust adhesion interface through a universal yet simple method. Here, a strategy for establishing strong interfacial adhesion between various hydrogels and a wide variety of substrates (i.e., soft hydrogels and rigid solids, including glass, aluminum, PET, nylon and PDMS) even under wet conditions, is reported. This strong interfacial adhesion is realized by constructing a bioinspired mineralized transition layer through ion diffusion and subsequent mineral deposition. This strategy is not only generally applicable to a broad range of substrates and ionic pairs, but also compatible with various fabrication approaches without compromising their interfacial robustnesses. This strategy is further demonstrated in the application of single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), where a robust interface between the hydrogel and elastomer layers is enabled to ensure a reliable signal generation and output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yaya Wang
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Iek Man Lei
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guangda Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiangyu Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Daozeng Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guigen Wang
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
| | - Sisi He
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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14
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Wang X, Lin J, Li Z, Ma Y, Zhang X, He Q, Wu Q, Yan Y, Wei W, Yao X, Li C, Li W, Xie S, Hu Y, Zhang S, Hong Y, Li X, Chen W, Duan W, Ouyang H. Identification of an Ultrathin Osteochondral Interface Tissue with Specific Nanostructure at the Human Knee Joint. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2309-2319. [PMID: 35238577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage adheres to subchondral bone via a specific osteochondral interface tissue where forces are transferred from soft cartilage to hard bone without conferring fatigue damage over a lifetime of load cycles. However, the fine structure and mechanical properties of the osteochondral interface tissue remain unclear. Here, we identified an ultrathin ∼20-30 μm graded calcified region with two-layered micronano structures of osteochondral interface tissue in the human knee joint, which exhibited characteristic biomolecular compositions and complex nanocrystals assembly. Results from finite element simulations revealed that within this region, an exponential increase of modulus (3 orders of magnitude) was conducive to force transmission. Nanoscale heterogeneity in the hydroxyapatite, coupled with enrichment of elastic-responsive protein-titin, which is usually present in muscle, endowed the osteochondral tissue with excellent mechanical properties. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the potential design for high-performance interface materials for osteochondral interface regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhao Wang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junxin Lin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zonghao Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuanzhu Ma
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianzhu Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiulin He
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
| | - Yiyang Yan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenyue Li
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shaofang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yejun Hu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Weiqiu Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wangping Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Boos MA, Lamandé SR, Stok KS. Multiscale Strain Transfer in Cartilage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:795522. [PMID: 35186920 PMCID: PMC8855033 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.795522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transfer of stress and strain signals between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells is crucial for biochemical and biomechanical cues that are required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation, growth, and homeostasis. In cartilage tissue, the heterogeneity in spatial variation of ECM molecules leads to a depth-dependent non-uniform strain transfer and alters the magnitude of forces sensed by cells in articular and fibrocartilage, influencing chondrocyte metabolism and biochemical response. It is not fully established how these nonuniform forces ultimately influence cartilage health, maintenance, and integrity. To comprehend tissue remodelling in health and disease, it is fundamental to investigate how these forces, the ECM, and cells interrelate. However, not much is known about the relationship between applied mechanical stimulus and resulting spatial variations in magnitude and sense of mechanical stimuli within the chondrocyte’s microenvironment. Investigating multiscale strain transfer and hierarchical structure-function relationships in cartilage is key to unravelling how cells receive signals and how they are transformed into biosynthetic responses. Therefore, this article first reviews different cartilage types and chondrocyte mechanosensing. Following this, multiscale strain transfer through cartilage tissue and the involvement of individual ECM components are discussed. Finally, insights to further understand multiscale strain transfer in cartilage are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela A. Boos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shireen R. Lamandé
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn S. Stok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kathryn S. Stok,
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16
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Boos MA, Grinstaff MW, Lamandé SR, Stok KS. Contrast-Enhanced Micro-Computed Tomography for 3D Visualization and Quantification of Glycosaminoglycans in Different Cartilage Types. Cartilage 2021; 13:486S-494S. [PMID: 34696603 PMCID: PMC8804852 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211053820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare CA4+-enhanced micro-computed tomography (microCT) of bovine articular, meniscal, nasal, and auricular cartilage, each of which possesses a different extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and structure. DESIGN The diffusion kinetics of CA4+ in different native cartilage types were assessed over 20 hours. The feasibility of CA4+-enhanced microCT to visualize and quantify glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in these different tissues was tested using safranin-O staining and 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay. RESULTS The diffusion kinetics of CA4+ in auricular cartilage are significantly slower compared with all other cartilage types. Total GAG content per volume correlates to microCT attenuation with an R2 value of 0.79 for all cartilage types. Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced microCT images of spatial GAG distribution reflect safranin-O staining and highlight the differences in ECM structure, with heterogeneous regions with higher GAG concentrations highlighted by the contrast agent. CONCLUSIONS CA4+-enhanced microCT enables assessment of 3-dimensiona distribution and GAG content in different types of cartilage and has promise as an ex vivo diagnostic technique to monitor matrix development in different tissues over time as well as tissue-engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela A. Boos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical
Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shireen R. Lamandé
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch
Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, The
University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn S. Stok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Kathryn S. Stok, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010,
Australia.
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17
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Bansal S, Meadows KD, Miller LM, Saleh KS, Patel JM, Stoeckl BD, Lemmon EA, Hast MW, Zgonis MH, Scanzello CR, Elliott DM, Mauck RL. Six-Month Outcomes of Clinically Relevant Meniscal Injury in a Large-Animal Model. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211035444. [PMID: 34796238 PMCID: PMC8593308 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211035444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corrective procedures for meniscal injury are dependent on tear type, severity, and location. Vertical longitudinal tears are common in young and active individuals, but their natural progression and impact on osteoarthritis (OA) development are not known. Root tears are challenging and they often indicate poor outcomes, although the timing and mechanisms of initiation of joint dysfunction are poorly understood, particularly in large-animal and human models. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS In this study, vertical longitudinal and root tears were made in a large-animal model to determine the progression of joint-wide dysfunction. We hypothesized that OA onset and progression would depend on the extent of injury-based load disruption in the tissue, such that root tears would cause earlier and more severe changes to the joint. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Sham surgeries and procedures to create either vertical longitudinal or root tears were performed in juvenile Yucatan mini pigs through randomized and bilateral arthroscopic procedures. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, or 6 months after injury and assessed at the joint and tissue level for evidence of OA. Functional measures of joint load transfer, cartilage indentation mechanics, and meniscal tensile properties were performed, as well as histological evaluation of the cartilage, meniscus, and synovium. RESULTS Outcomes suggested a progressive and sustained degeneration of the knee joint and meniscus after root tear, as evidenced by histological analysis of the cartilage and meniscus. This occurred in spite of spontaneous reattachment of the root, suggesting that this reattachment did not fully restore the function of the native attachment. In contrast, the vertical longitudinal tear did not cause significant changes to the joint, with only mild differences compared with sham surgery at the 6-month time point. CONCLUSION Given that the root tear, which severs circumferential connectivity and load transfer, caused more intense OA compared with the circumferentially stable vertical longitudinal tear, our findings suggest that without timely and mechanically competent fixation, root tears may cause irreversible joint damage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE More generally, this new model can serve as a test bed for experimental surgical, scaffold-based, and small molecule-driven interventions after injury to prevent OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bansal
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyle D. Meadows
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Liane M. Miller
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kamiel S. Saleh
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jay M. Patel
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brendan D. Stoeckl
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elisabeth A. Lemmon
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael W. Hast
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Biedermann Lab for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miltiadis H. Zgonis
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carla R. Scanzello
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dawn M. Elliott
- Biedermann Lab for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Robert L. Mauck, PhD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, 371 Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA () (Twitter: @MauckLab)
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18
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Tsinman TK, Jiang X, Han L, Koyama E, Mauck RL, Dyment NA. Intrinsic and growth-mediated cell and matrix specialization during murine meniscus tissue assembly. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21779. [PMID: 34314047 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100499r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The incredible mechanical strength and durability of mature fibrous tissues and their extremely limited turnover and regenerative capacity underscores the importance of proper matrix assembly during early postnatal growth. In tissues with composite extracellular matrix (ECM) structures, such as the adult knee meniscus, fibrous (Collagen-I rich), and cartilaginous (Collagen-II, proteoglycan-rich) matrix components are regionally segregated to the outer and inner portions of the tissue, respectively. While this spatial variation in composition is appreciated to be functionally important for resisting complex mechanical loads associated with gait, the establishment of these specialized zones is poorly understood. To address this issue, the following study tracked the growth of the murine meniscus from its embryonic formation through its first month of growth, encompassing the critical time-window during which animals begin to ambulate and weight bear. Using histological analysis, region specific high-throughput qPCR, and Col-1, and Col-2 fluorescent reporter mice, we found that matrix and cellular features defining specific tissue zones were already present at birth, before continuous weight-bearing had occurred. These differences in meniscus zones were further refined with postnatal growth and maturation, resulting in specialization of mature tissue regions. Taken together, this work establishes a detailed timeline of the concurrent spatiotemporal changes that occur at both the cellular and matrix level throughout meniscus maturation. The findings of this study provide a framework for investigating the reciprocal feedback between cells and their evolving microenvironments during assembly of a mechanically robust fibrocartilage tissue, thus providing insight into mechanisms of tissue degeneration and effective regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia K Tsinman
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Dyment
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Wang KY, Jin XY, Ma YH, Cai WJ, Xiao WY, Li ZW, Qi X, Ding J. Injectable stress relaxation gelatin-based hydrogels with positive surface charge for adsorption of aggrecan and facile cartilage tissue regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:214. [PMID: 34275471 PMCID: PMC8287687 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cartilage injury and pathological degeneration are reported in millions of patients globally. Cartilages such as articular hyaline cartilage are characterized by poor self-regeneration ability due to lack of vascular tissue. Current treatment methods adopt foreign cartilage analogue implants or microfracture surgery to accelerate tissue repair and regeneration. These methods are invasive and are associated with the formation of fibrocartilage, which warrants further exploration of new cartilage repair materials. The present study aims to develop an injectable modified gelatin hydrogel. Method The hydrogel effectively adsorbed proteoglycans secreted by chondrocytes adjacent to the cartilage tissue in situ, and rapidly formed suitable chondrocyte survival microenvironment modified by ε-poly-L-lysine (EPL). Besides, dynamic covalent bonds were introduced between glucose and phenylboronic acids (PBA). These bonds formed reversible covalent interactions between the cis−diol groups on polyols and the ionic boronate state of PBA. PBA-modified hydrogel induced significant stress relaxation, which improved chondrocyte viability and cartilage differentiation of stem cells. Further, we explored the ability of these hydrogels to promote chondrocyte viability and cartilage differentiation of stem cells through chemical and mechanical modifications. Results In vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that the hydrogels exhibited efficient biocompatibility. EPL and PBA modified GelMA hydrogel (Gel-EPL/B) showed stronger activity on chondrocytes compared to the GelMA control group. The Gel-EPL/B group induced the secretion of more extracellular matrix and improved the chondrogenic differentiation potential of stem cells. Finally, thus hydrogel promoted the tissue repair of cartilage defects. Conclusion Modified hydrogel is effective in cartilage tissue repair. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00950-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yun Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jie Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, No.2800 Gongwei Road, Huinan Town, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Bansal S, Floyd ER, Kowalski MA, Aikman E, Elrod P, Burkey K, Chahla J, LaPrade RF, Maher SA, Robinson JL, Patel JM. Meniscal repair: The current state and recent advances in augmentation. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1368-1382. [PMID: 33751642 PMCID: PMC8249336 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Meniscal injuries represent one of the most common orthopedic injuries. The most frequent treatment is partial resection of the meniscus, or meniscectomy, which can affect joint mechanics and health. For this reason, the field has shifted gradually towards suture repair, with the intent of preservation of the tissue. "Save the Meniscus" is now a prolific theme in the field; however, meniscal repair can be challenging and ineffective in many scenarios. The objectives of this review are to present the current state of surgical management of meniscal injuries and to explore current approaches being developed to enhance meniscal repair. Through a systematic literature review, we identified meniscal tear classifications and prevalence, approaches being used to improve meniscal repair, and biological- and material-based systems being developed to promote meniscal healing. We found that biologic augmentation typically aims to improve cellular incorporation to the wound site, vascularization in the inner zones, matrix deposition, and inflammatory relief. Furthermore, materials can be used, both with and without contained biologics, to further support matrix deposition and tear integration, and novel tissue adhesives may provide the mechanical integrity that the meniscus requires. Altogether, evaluation of these approaches in relevant in vitro and in vivo models provides new insights into the mechanisms needed to salvage meniscal tissue, and along with regulatory considerations, may justify translation to the clinic. With the need to restore long-term function to injured menisci, biologists, engineers, and clinicians are developing novel approaches to enhance the future of robust and consistent meniscal reparative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bansal
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kyley Burkey
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jay M. Patel
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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21
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Development of a decellularized meniscus matrix-based nanofibrous scaffold for meniscus tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:175-185. [PMID: 33823327 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The meniscus plays a critical role in knee mechanical function but is commonly injured given its central load bearing role. In the adult, meniscus repair is limited, given the low number of endogenous cells, the density of the matrix, and the limited vascularity. Menisci are fibrocartilaginous tissues composed of a micro-/nano- fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) and a mixture of chondrocyte-like and fibroblast-like cells. Here, we developed a fibrous scaffold system that consists of bioactive components (decellularized meniscus ECM (dME) within a poly(e-caprolactone) material) fashioned into a biomimetic morphology (via electrospinning) to support and enhance meniscus cell function and matrix production. This work supports that the incorporation of dME into synthetic nanofibers increased hydrophilicity of the scaffold, leading to enhanced meniscus cell spreading, proliferation, and fibrochondrogenic gene expression. This work identifies a new biomimetic scaffold for therapeutic strategies to substitute or replace injured meniscus tissue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we show that a scaffold electrospun from a combination of synthetic materials and bovine decellularized meniscus ECM provides appropriate signals and a suitable template for meniscus fibrochondrocyte spreading, proliferation, and secretion of collagen and proteoglycans. Material characterization and in vitro cell studies support that this new bioactive material is susceptible to enzymatic digestion and supports meniscus-like tissue formation.
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22
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Wang K, Li J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Qin Y, Yang F, Zhang M, Zhu H, Li Z. Orchestrated cellular, biochemical, and biomechanical optimizations endow platelet-rich plasma-based engineered cartilage with structural and biomechanical recovery. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3824-3838. [PMID: 33937588 PMCID: PMC8065202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, biomaterials for cartilage regeneration has been intensively investigated. However, the development of scaffolds that capture regenerated cartilage with biomechanical and structural recovery has rarely been reported. To address this challenge, platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-based cartilage constructs with a well-orchestrated symphony of cellular, biochemical and biomechanical elements were prepared by simultaneously employing chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) as a cell source, optimizing platelet concentration, and adding an enzyme-ion activator. It was shown that this triple-optimized PRP + CPC construct possessed increased biomechanical properties and suitable biochemical signals. The following in vitro study demonstrated that the triple-optimized PRP + CPC constructs generated cartilage-like tissue with higher expression levels of chondrogenic-specific markers, more deposition of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM), and greater biomechanical values than those of the other constructs. Twelve weeks after the construct was implanted in a cartilage defect in vivo, histological analysis, qPCR, and biomechanical tests collectively showed that the triple-optimized constructs yielded a more chondrocyte-like cell phenotype with a higher synthesis of Col-II and aggrecan. More importantly, the triple-optimized constructs facilitated cartilage regeneration with better biomechanical recovery than that of the other constructs. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the triple-optimization strategy and highlight the simplicity and potency of this PRP + CPC construct for cartilage regeneration. Cartilage tissue engineering has been intensively investigated. We designed a PRP-based construct with favorable cell source, reinforced scaffold and appropriate biofactors. This designed construct can facilitate cartilage regeneration with biomechanical and structural recovery simultaneously. The favorable performance of the proposed scaffolds highlights the triple-optimization strategy to improve cartilage engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Foot and Ankle, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Department of Foot and Ankle, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine/Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhongli Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian, Beijing, 100853, China
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23
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Bloom ET, Lee AH, Elliott DM. Tendon Multiscale Structure, Mechanics, and Damage Are Affected by Osmolarity of Bath Solution. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:1058-1068. [PMID: 33128181 PMCID: PMC7954897 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common bath solutions used in musculoskeletal mechanical testing is phosphate buffered saline (PBS). In tendon, swelling induced by physiological PBS results in decreased tendon modulus and induces microstructural changes. It is critical to evaluate the multiscale mechanical behavior of tendon under swelling to interpret prior work and provide information to design future studies. We compared the effects of physiological PBS and 8% polyethylene glycol and saline bathing solutions on tendon multiscale tendon mechanics and damage as well as microstructure with TEM in order to understand the effect of swelling on tendon. At the tissue level, tendons in PBS had a lower modulus than SPEG samples. PBS samples also showed an increased amount of non-recoverable sliding, which is an analog for microscale damage. SPEG had a higher microscale to tissue-scale strain ratio, showing the fibrils experienced less strain attenuation. From the TEM data, we showed the fibril spacing of SPEG samples was more similar to fresh control than PBS. We concluded that swelling alters multiscale mechanics and damage in addition to tendon microstructure. Future mechanical testing should consider using SPEG as a bath solution with an osmotic pressure which preserves fresh tissue water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Bloom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Andrea H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Dawn M Elliott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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24
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Notermans T, Tanska P, Korhonen RK, Khayyeri H, Isaksson H. A numerical framework for mechano-regulated tendon healing-Simulation of early regeneration of the Achilles tendon. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008636. [PMID: 33556080 PMCID: PMC7901741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechano-regulation during tendon healing, i.e. the relationship between mechanical stimuli and cellular response, has received more attention recently. However, the basic mechanobiological mechanisms governing tendon healing after a rupture are still not well-understood. Literature has reported spatial and temporal variations in the healing of ruptured tendon tissue. In this study, we explored a computational modeling approach to describe tendon healing. In particular, a novel 3D mechano-regulatory framework was developed to investigate spatio-temporal evolution of collagen content and orientation, and temporal evolution of tendon stiffness during early tendon healing. Based on an extensive literature search, two possible relationships were proposed to connect levels of mechanical stimuli to collagen production. Since literature remains unclear on strain-dependent collagen production at high levels of strain, the two investigated production laws explored the presence or absence of collagen production upon non-physiologically high levels of strain (>15%). Implementation in a finite element framework, pointed to large spatial variations in strain magnitudes within the callus tissue, which resulted in predictions of distinct spatial distributions of collagen over time. The simulations showed that the magnitude of strain was highest in the tendon core along the central axis, and decreased towards the outer periphery. Consequently, decreased levels of collagen production for high levels of tensile strain were shown to accurately predict the experimentally observed delayed collagen production in the tendon core. In addition, our healing framework predicted evolution of collagen orientation towards alignment with the tendon axis and the overall predicted tendon stiffness agreed well with experimental data. In this study, we explored the capability of a numerical model to describe spatial and temporal variations in tendon healing and we identified that understanding mechano-regulated collagen production can play a key role in explaining heterogeneities observed during tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Notermans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Petri Tanska
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rami K. Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanifeh Khayyeri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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25
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Chery DR, Han B, Zhou Y, Wang C, Adams SM, Chandrasekaran P, Kwok B, Heo SJ, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Lu XL, Kong D, Iozzo RV, Birk DE, Mauck RL, Han L. Decorin regulates cartilage pericellular matrix micromechanobiology. Matrix Biol 2020; 96:1-17. [PMID: 33246102 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In cartilage tissue engineering, one key challenge is for regenerative tissue to recapitulate the biomechanical functions of native cartilage while maintaining normal mechanosensitive activities of chondrocytes. Thus, it is imperative to discern the micromechanobiological functions of the pericellular matrix, the ~ 2-4 µm-thick domain that is in immediate contact with chondrocytes. In this study, we discovered that decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, is a key determinant of cartilage pericellular matrix micromechanics and chondrocyte mechanotransduction in vivo. The pericellular matrix of decorin-null murine cartilage developed reduced content of aggrecan, the major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of cartilage and a mild increase in collagen II fibril diameter vis-à-vis wild-type controls. As a result, decorin-null pericellular matrix showed a significant reduction in micromodulus, which became progressively more pronounced with maturation. In alignment with the defects of pericellular matrix, decorin-null chondrocytes exhibited decreased intracellular calcium activities, [Ca2+]i, in both physiologic and osmotically evoked fluidic environments in situ, illustrating impaired chondrocyte mechanotransduction. Next, we compared [Ca2+]i activities of wild-type and decorin-null chondrocytes following enzymatic removal of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans. The results showed that decorin mediates chondrocyte mechanotransduction primarily through regulating the integrity of aggrecan network, and thus, aggrecan-endowed negative charge microenvironment in the pericellular matrix. Collectively, our results provide robust genetic and biomechanical evidence that decorin is an essential constituent of the native cartilage matrix, and suggest that modulating decorin activities could improve cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphney R Chery
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Biao Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Sheila M Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Prashant Chandrasekaran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Bryan Kwok
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Su-Jin Heo
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - X Lucas Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Dehan Kong
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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26
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Xu Q, Ying P, Ren J, Kong N, Wang Y, Li YG, Yao Y, Kaplan DL, Ling S. Biomimetic Design for Bio-Matrix Interfaces and Regenerative Organs. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:411-429. [PMID: 33138695 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The urgent demand for transplanted organs has motivated the development of regenerative medicine to biomimetically reconstruct the structure and function of natural tissues or organs. The prerequisites for constructing multicellular organs include specific cell sources, suitable scaffolding material, and interconnective biofunctional interfaces. As some of the most complex systems in nature, human organs, tissues, and cellular units have unique "bio-matrix" physicochemical interfaces. Human tissues support a large number of cells with distinct biofunctional interfaces for compartmentalization related to metabolism, material exchange, and physical barriers. These naturally shaped biofunctional interfaces support critical metabolic functions that drive adaptive human behavior. In contrast, mutations and disorders during organogenesis can disrupt these interfaces as a consequence of disease and trauma. To replicate the appropriate structure and physiological function of tissues and organs, the biomaterials used in these approaches should have properties that mimic those of natural biofunctional interfaces. In this review, the focus is on the biomimetic design of functional interfaces and hierarchical structures for four regenerative organs, liver, kidney, lung, heart, and the immune system. Research on these organs provides understanding of cell-matrix interactions for hierarchically bioinspired material engineering, and guidance for the design of bioartificial organs. Finally, we provide perspectives on future challenges in biofunctional interface designs and discuss the obstacles that remain toward the generation of functional bioartificial organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Ying
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Kong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Xu Y, Shi G, Tang J, Cheng R, Shen X, Gu Y, Wu L, Xi K, Zhao Y, Cui W, Chen L. ECM-inspired micro/nanofibers for modulating cell function and tissue generation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/48/eabc2036. [PMID: 33239291 PMCID: PMC7688331 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Current homogeneous bioscaffolds could hardly recapture the regenerative microenvironment of extracellular matrix. Inspired by the peculiar nature of dura matter, we developed an extracellular matrix-mimicking scaffold with biomimetic heterogeneous features so as to fit the multiple needs in dura mater repairing. The inner surface endowed with anisotropic topology and optimized chemical cues could orchestrate the elongation and bipolarization of fibroblasts and preserve the quiescent phenotype of fibroblasts indicated by down-regulated α-smooth muscle actin expression. The outer surface could suppress the fibrotic activity of myofibroblasts via increased microfiber density. Furthermore, integrin β1 and Yes-associated protein molecule signaling activities triggered by topological and chemical cues were verified, providing evidence for a potential mechanism. The capability of the scaffold in simultaneously promoting dura regeneration and inhibiting epidural fibrosis was further verified in a rabbit laminectomy model. Hence, the so-produced heterogeneous fibrous scaffold could reproduce the microstructure and function of natural dura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
- Departments of Pain Rehabilitation and Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai 201500, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Shi
- Departments of Pain Rehabilitation and Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai 201500, P.R. China
| | - Jincheng Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ruoyu Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 889 Wuzhong West Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Kun Xi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yihong Zhao
- Departments of Pain Rehabilitation and Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai 201500, P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.
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Rose JC, Gehlen DB, Omidinia‐Anarkoli A, Fölster M, Haraszti T, Jaekel EE, De Laporte L. How Much Physical Guidance is Needed to Orient Growing Axons in 3D Hydrogels? Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000886. [PMID: 33015945 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Directing cells is essential to organize multi-cellular organisms that are built up from subunits executing specific tasks. This guidance requires a precisely controlled symphony of biochemical, mechanical, and structural signals. While many guiding mechanisms focus on 2D structural patterns or 3D biochemical gradients, injectable material platforms that elucidate how cellular processes are triggered by defined 3D physical guiding cues are still lacking but crucial for the repair of soft tissues. Herein, a recently developed anisotropic injectable hybrid hydrogel (Anisogel) contains rod-shaped microgels that orient in situ by a magnetic field and has propelled studying 3D cell guidance. Here, the Anisogel is used to investigate the dependence of axonal guidance on microgel dimensions, aspect ratio, and distance. While large microgels result in high material anisotropy, they significantly reduce neurite outgrowth and thus the guidance efficiency. Narrow and long microgels enable strong axonal guidance with maximal outgrowth including cell sensing over distances of tens of micrometers in 3D. Moreover, nerve cells decide to orient inside the Anisogel within the first three days, followed by strengthening of the alignment, which goes along with oriented fibronectin deposition. These findings demonstrate the potential of the Anisogel to tune structural and mechanical parameters for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C. Rose
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - David B. Gehlen
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Abdolrahman Omidinia‐Anarkoli
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Maaike Fölster
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Esther E. Jaekel
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
- Department of Advanced Materials for Biomedicine Institute of Applied Medical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
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29
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Abbadessa A, Crecente-Campo J, Alonso MJ. Engineering Anisotropic Meniscus: Zonal Functionality and Spatiotemporal Drug Delivery. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:133-154. [PMID: 32723019 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human meniscus is a fibrocartilaginous structure that is crucial for an adequate performance of the human knee joint. Degeneration of the meniscus is often followed by partial or total meniscectomy, which enhances the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. The lack of a satisfactory treatment for this condition has triggered a major interest in drug delivery (DD) and tissue engineering (TE) strategies intended to restore a bioactive and fully functional meniscal tissue. The aim of this review is to critically discuss the most relevant studies on spatiotemporal DD and TE, aiming for a multizonal meniscal reconstruction. Indeed, the development of meniscal tissue implants should involve a provision for adequate active molecules and scaffold features that take into account the anisotropic ultrastructure of human meniscus. This zonal differentiation is reflected in the meniscus biochemical composition, collagen fiber arrangement, and cell distribution. In this sense, it is expected that a proper combination of advanced DD and zonal TE strategies will play a key role in the future trends in meniscus regeneration. Impact statement Meniscus degeneration is one of the main causes of knee pain, inflammation, and reduced mobility. Currently used suturing procedures and meniscectomy are far from being ideal solutions to the loss of meniscal function. Therefore, drug delivery (DD) and tissue engineering (TE) strategies are currently under investigation. DD systems aim at an in situ controlled release of growth factors, whereas TE strategies aim at mimicking the anisotropy of native meniscus. The goal of this review is to discuss these two main approaches, as well as synergies between them that are expected to lead to a real breakthrough in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abbadessa
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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30
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Chery DR, Han B, Li Q, Zhou Y, Heo SJ, Kwok B, Chandrasekaran P, Wang C, Qin L, Lu XL, Kong D, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Mauck RL, Han L. Early changes in cartilage pericellular matrix micromechanobiology portend the onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:267-278. [PMID: 32428685 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pericellular matrix (PCM) of cartilage is a structurally distinctive microdomain surrounding each chondrocyte, and is pivotal to cell homeostasis and cell-matrix interactions in healthy tissue. This study queried if the PCM is the initiation point for disease or a casualty of more widespread matrix degeneration. To address this question, we queried the mechanical properties of the PCM and chondrocyte mechanoresponsivity with the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). To do so, we integrated Kawamoto's film-assisted cryo-sectioning with immunofluorescence-guided AFM nanomechanical mapping, and quantified the microscale modulus of murine cartilage PCM and further-removed extracellular matrix. Using the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) murine model of PTOA, we show that decreases in PCM micromechanics are apparent as early as 3 days after injury, and that this precedes changes in the bulk ECM properties and overt indications of cartilage damage. We also show that, as a consequence of altered PCM properties, calcium mobilization by chondrocytes in response to mechanical challenge (hypo-osmotic stress) is significantly disrupted. These aberrant changes in chondrocyte micromechanobiology as a consequence of DMM could be partially blocked by early inhibition of PCM remodeling. Collectively, these results suggest that changes in PCM micromechanobiology are leading indicators of the initiation of PTOA, and that disease originates in the cartilage PCM. This insight will direct the development of early detection methods, as well as small molecule-based therapies that can stop early aberrant remodeling in this critical cartilage microdomain to slow or reverse disease progression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is one prevalent musculoskeletal disease that afflicts young adults, and there are no effective strategies for early detection or intervention. This study identifies that the reduction of cartilage pericellular matrix (PCM) micromodulus is one of the earliest events in the initiation of PTOA, which, in turn, impairs the mechanosensitive activities of chondrocytes, contributing to the vicious loop of cartilage degeneration. Rescuing the integrity of PCM has the potential to restore normal chondrocyte mechanosensitive homeostasis and to prevent further degradation of cartilage. Our findings enable the development of early OA detection methods targeting changes in the PCM, and treatment strategies that can stop early aberrant remodeling in this critical microdomain to slow or reverse disease progression.
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Schwab A, Hélary C, Richards R, Alini M, Eglin D, D'Este M. Tissue mimetic hyaluronan bioink containing collagen fibers with controlled orientation modulating cell migration and alignment. Mater Today Bio 2020; 7:100058. [PMID: 32613184 PMCID: PMC7317236 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication is providing scientists and clinicians the ability to produce engineered tissues with desired shapes and gradients of composition and biological cues. Typical resolutions achieved with extrusion-based bioprinting are at the macroscopic level. However, for capturing the fibrillar nature of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it is necessary to arrange ECM components at smaller scales, down to the micron and the molecular level. Herein, we introduce a bioink containing the tyramine derivative of hyaluronan (HA; henceforth known as THA) and collagen (Col) type 1. In this bioink, similar to connective tissues, Col is present in the fibrillar form, and HA functions as a viscoelastic space filler. THA was enzymatically cross-linked under mild conditions allowing simultaneous Col fibrillogenesis, thus achieving a homogeneous distribution of Col fibrils within the viscoelastic HA-based matrix. The THA-Col composite displayed synergistic properties in terms of storage modulus and shear thinning, translating into good printability. Shear-induced alignment of the Col fibrils along the printing direction was achieved and quantified via immunofluorescence and second-harmonic generation. Cell-free and cell-laden constructs were printed and characterized, analyzing the influence of the controlled microscopic anisotropy on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) migration. Anisotropic HA-Col showed cell-instructive properties modulating hMSC adhesion, morphology, and migration from micropellets stimulated by the presence and the orientation of Col fibers. Actin filament staining showed that hMSCs embedded in aligned constructs displayed increased cytoskeleton alignment along the fibril direction. Based on gene expression of cartilage/bone markers and ECM production, hMSCs embedded in the isotropic bioink displayed chondrogenic differentiation comparable with standard pellet culture by means of proteoglycan production (safranin O staining and proteoglycan quantification). The possibility of printing matrix components with control over microscopic alignment brings biofabrication one step closer to capturing the complexity of native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Schwab
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - C. Hélary
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Laboratoire de Chimie de La Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Paris, France
| | - R.G. Richards
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M. Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - D. Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M. D'Este
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
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32
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Tohidnezhad M, Zander J, Slowik A, Kubo Y, Dursun G, Willenberg W, Zendedel A, Kweider N, Stoffel M, Pufe T. Impact of Uniaxial Stretching on Both Gliding and Traction Areas of Tendon Explants in a Novel Bioreactor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082925. [PMID: 32331279 PMCID: PMC7215532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of mechanical stress on cells and their extracellular matrix, especially in gliding sections of tendon, are still poorly understood. This study sought to compare the effects of uniaxial stretching on both gliding and traction areas in the same tendon. Flexor digitorum longus muscle tendons explanted from rats were subjected to stretching in a bioreactor for 6, 24, or 48 h, respectively, at 1 Hz and an amplitude of 2.5%. After stimulation, marker expression was quantified by histological and immunohistochemical staining in both gliding and traction areas. We observed a heightened intensity of scleraxis after 6 and 24 h of stimulation in both tendon types, though it had declined again 48 h after stimulation. We observed induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -13 protein expression in both tendon types. The bioreactor produced an increase in the mechanical structural strength of the tendon during the first half of the loading time and a decrease during the latter half. Uniaxial stretching of flexor tendon in our set-up can serve as an overloading model. A combination of mechanical and histological data allows us to improve the conditions for cultivating tendon tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.Z.); (Y.K.); (N.K.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-89550; Fax: +49-241-80-82431
| | - Johanna Zander
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.Z.); (Y.K.); (N.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Alexander Slowik
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.Z.); (Y.K.); (N.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Gözde Dursun
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 64, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (G.D.); (W.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Willenberg
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 64, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (G.D.); (W.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Nisreen Kweider
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.Z.); (Y.K.); (N.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Marcus Stoffel
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 64, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (G.D.); (W.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.Z.); (Y.K.); (N.K.); (T.P.)
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33
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Liu J, Lin S, Liu X, Qin Z, Yang Y, Zang J, Zhao X. Fatigue-resistant adhesion of hydrogels. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1071. [PMID: 32103027 PMCID: PMC7044439 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion of soft connective tissues (tendons, ligaments, and cartilages) on bones in many animals can maintain high toughness (∽800 J m-2) over millions of cycles of mechanical loads. Such fatigue-resistant adhesion has not been achieved between synthetic hydrogels and engineering materials, but is highly desirable for diverse applications such as artificial cartilages and tendons, robust antifouling coatings, and hydrogel robots. Inspired by the nanostructured interfaces between tendons/ligaments/cartilages and bones, we report that bonding ordered nanocrystalline domains of synthetic hydrogels on engineering materials can give a fatigue-resistant adhesion with an interfacial fatigue threshold of 800 J m-2, because the fatigue-crack propagation at the interface requires a higher energy to fracture the ordered nanostructures than amorphous polymer chains. Our method enables fatigue-resistant hydrogel coatings on diverse engineering materials with complex geometries. We further demonstrate that the fatigue-resistant hydrogel coatings exhibit low friction and low wear against natural cartilages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shaoting Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhao Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Yueying Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianfeng Zang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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McCorry MC, Kim J, Springer NL, Sandy J, Plaas A, Bonassar LJ. Regulation of proteoglycan production by varying glucose concentrations controls fiber formation in tissue engineered menisci. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:173-183. [PMID: 31546030 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens are highly prevalent in the extracellular matrix of all connective tissues and therefore commonly used as a biomaterial in tissue engineering applications. In the native environment, collagen fibers are arranged in a complex hierarchical structure that is often difficult to recreate in a tissue engineered construct. Small leucine rich proteoglycans as well as hyaluronan binding proteoglycans, aggrecan and versican, have been implicated in regulating fiber formation. In this study, we modified proteoglycan production in vitro by altering culture medium glucose concentrations (4500, 1000, 500, 250, and 125 mg/L), and evaluated its effect on the formation of collagen fibers inside tissue engineered meniscal constructs. Reduction of extracellular glucose resulted in a dose dependent decrease in total sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production, but minimal decreases of decorin and biglycan. However, fibromodulin doubled in production between 125 and 4500 mg/L glucose concentration. A peak in fiber formation was observed at 500 mg/L glucose concentration and corresponded with reductions in total GAG production. Fiber formation reduction at 125 and 250 mg/L glucose concentrations are likely due to changes in metabolic activity associated with a limited supply of glucose. These results point to proteoglycan production as a means to manipulate fiber architecture in tissue engineered constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Fibrillar collagens are highly prevalent in the extracellular matrix of all connective tissues; however achieving appropriate assembly and organization of collagen fibers in engineered connective tissues is a persistent challenge. Proteoglycans have been implicated in regulating collagen fiber organization both in vivo and in vitro, however little is known about methods to control proteoglycan production and the subsequent fiber organization in tissue engineered menisci. Here, we show that media glucose content can be optimized to control proteoglycan production and collagen fiber assembly, with optimal collagen fiber assembly occurring at sub-physiologic levels of glucose.
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35
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Aberrant mechanosensing in injured intervertebral discs as a result of boundary-constraint disruption and residual-strain loss. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:998-1008. [PMID: 31611678 PMCID: PMC6899202 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In fibrous tissues, pre-stressed boundary constraints at bone interfaces instil residual strain throughout the tissue, even when unloaded. For example, internal swelling pressures in the central nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc generate pre-strain in the outer annulus fibrosus. With injury and depressurization, these residual strains are lost. Here, we show that the loss of residual strains in the intervertebral disc alters the microenvironment and instigates aberrant tissue remodelling and the adoption of atypical cellular phenotypes. By using puncture surgery of the annulus fibrosus in rabbits, ex vivo puncture experiments, and electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds recapitulating evolving boundary constraints, we show that the loss of residual strain promotes short-term apoptosis and the emergence of a fibrotic phenotype, that local fibre organization and cellular contractility mediate this process, and that the aberrant cellular changes could be abrogated by targeting the cell-mechanosensing machinery with small molecules. Our findings indicate that injury to dense connective tissues under pre-strain alters boundary constraints and residual strain, leading to aberrant mechanosensing, which in turn promotes disease progression.
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36
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Bahcecioglu G, Bilgen B, Hasirci N, Hasirci V. Anatomical meniscus construct with zone specific biochemical composition and structural organization. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119361. [PMID: 31336280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A PCL/hydrogel construct that would mimic the structural organization, biochemistry and anatomy of meniscus was engineered. The compressive (380 ± 40 kPa) and tensile modulus (18.2 ± 0.9 MPa) of the PCL scaffolds were increased significantly when constructs were printed with a shifted design and circumferential strands mimicking the collagen organization in native tissue (p < 0.05). Presence of circumferentially aligned PCL strands also led to elongation and alignment of the human fibrochondrocytes. Gene expression of the cells in agarose (Ag), gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), and GelMA-Ag hydrogels was significantly higher than that of cells on the PCL scaffolds after a 21-day culture. GelMA exhibited the highest level of collagen type I (COL1A2) mRNA expression, while GelMA-Ag exhibited the highest level of aggrecan (AGG) expression (p < 0.001, compared to PCL). GelMA and GelMA-Ag exhibited a high level of collagen type II (COL2A1) expression (p < 0.05, compared to PCL). Anatomical scaffolds with circumferential PCL strands were impregnated with cell-loaded GelMA in the periphery and GelMA-Ag in the inner region. GelMA and GelMA-Ag hydrogels enhanced the production of COL 1 and COL 2 proteins after a 6-week culture (p < 0.05). COL 1 expression increased gradually towards the outer periphery, while COL 2 expression decreased. We were thus able to engineer an anatomical meniscus with a cartilage-like inner region and fibrocartilage-like outer region.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bahcecioglu
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Bilgen
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - N Hasirci
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - V Hasirci
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Medical Engineering, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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37
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Freedman BR, Rodriguez AB, Hillin CD, Weiss SN, Han B, Han L, Soslowsky LJ. Tendon healing affects the multiscale mechanical, structural and compositional response of tendon to quasi-static tensile loading. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2017.0880. [PMID: 29467258 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon experiences a variety of multiscale changes to its extracellular matrix during mechanical loading at the fascicle, fibre and fibril levels. For example, tensile loading of tendon increases its stiffness, with organization of collagen fibres, and increases cell strain in the direction of loading. Although applied macroscale strains correlate to cell and nuclear strains in uninjured tendon, the multiscale response during tendon healing remains unknown and may affect cell mechanosensing and response. Therefore, this study evaluated multiscale structure-function mechanisms in response to quasi-static tensile loading in uninjured and healing tendons. We found that tendon healing affected the macroscale mechanical and structural response to mechanical loading, evidenced by decreases in strain stiffening and collagen fibre realignment. At the micro- and nanoscales, healing resulted in increased collagen fibre disorganization, nuclear disorganization, decreased change in nuclear aspect ratio with loading, and decreased indentation modulus compared to uninjured tendons. Taken together, this work supports a new concept of nuclear strain transfer attenuation during tendon healing and identifies several multiscale properties that may contribute. Our work also provides benchmarks for the biomechanical microenvironments that tendon cells may experience following cell delivery therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Freedman
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 110 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
| | - Ashley B Rodriguez
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 110 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
| | - Cody D Hillin
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 110 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
| | - Stephanie N Weiss
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 110 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
| | - Biao Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louis J Soslowsky
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 110 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
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38
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Freedman BR, Mooney DJ. Biomaterials to Mimic and Heal Connective Tissues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806695. [PMID: 30908806 PMCID: PMC6504615 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue is one of the four major types of animal tissue and plays essential roles throughout the human body. Genetic factors, aging, and trauma all contribute to connective tissue dysfunction and motivate the need for strategies to promote healing and regeneration. The goal here is to link a fundamental understanding of connective tissues and their multiscale properties to better inform the design and translation of novel biomaterials to promote their regeneration. Major clinical problems in adipose tissue, cartilage, dermis, and tendon are discussed that inspire the need to replace native connective tissue with biomaterials. Then, multiscale structure-function relationships in native soft connective tissues that may be used to guide material design are detailed. Several biomaterials strategies to improve healing of these tissues that incorporate biologics and are biologic-free are reviewed. Finally, important guidance documents and standards (ASTM, FDA, and EMA) that are important to consider for translating new biomaterials into clinical practice are highligted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Freedman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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39
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Zhang ZZ, Chen YR, Wang SJ, Zhao F, Wang XG, Yang F, Shi JJ, Ge ZG, Ding WY, Yang YC, Zou TQ, Zhang JY, Yu JK, Jiang D. Orchestrated biomechanical, structural, and biochemical stimuli for engineering anisotropic meniscus. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:11/487/eaao0750. [PMID: 30971451 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao0750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of the anisotropic structure and proper function of the knee meniscus remains an important challenge to overcome, because the complexity of the zonal tissue organization in the meniscus has important roles in load bearing and shock absorption. Current tissue engineering solutions for meniscus reconstruction have failed to achieve and maintain the proper function in vivo because they have generated homogeneous tissues, leading to long-term joint degeneration. To address this challenge, we applied biomechanical and biochemical stimuli to mesenchymal stem cells seeded into a biomimetic scaffold to induce spatial regulation of fibrochondrocyte differentiation, resulting in physiological anisotropy in the engineered meniscus. Using a customized dynamic tension-compression loading system in conjunction with two growth factors, we induced zonal, layer-specific expression of type I and type II collagens with similar structure and function to those present in the native meniscus tissue. Engineered meniscus demonstrated long-term chondroprotection of the knee joint in a rabbit model. This study simultaneously applied biomechanical, biochemical, and structural cues to achieve anisotropic reconstruction of the meniscus, demonstrating the utility of anisotropic engineered meniscus for long-term knee chondroprotection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - You-Rong Chen
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Jie Wang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Jun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zi-Gang Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Qiang Zou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.
| | - Dong Jiang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.
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40
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Bahcecioglu G, Hasirci N, Bilgen B, Hasirci V. A 3D printed PCL/hydrogel construct with zone-specific biochemical composition mimicking that of the meniscus. Biofabrication 2019; 11:025002. [PMID: 30530944 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaf707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Engineering the meniscus is challenging due to its bizonal structure; the tissue is cartilaginous at the inner portion and fibrous at the outer portion. Here, we constructed an artificial meniscus mimicking the biochemical organization of the native tissue by 3D printing a meniscus shaped PCL scaffold and then impregnating it with agarose (Ag) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels in the inner and outer regions, respectively. After incubating the constructs loaded with porcine fibrochondrocytes for 8 weeks, we demonstrated that presence of Ag enhanced glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production by about 4 fold (p < 0.001), while GelMA enhanced collagen production by about 50 fold (p < 0.001). In order to mimic the physiological loading environment, meniscus shaped PCL/hydrogel constructs were dynamically stimulated at strain levels gradually increasing from the outer region (2% of initial thickness) towards the inner region (10%). Incorporation of hydrogels protected the cells from the mechanical damage caused by dynamic stress. Dynamic stimulation resulted in increased ratio of collagen type II (COL 2) in the Ag-impregnated inner region (from 50% to 60% of total collagen), and increased ratio of collagen type I (COL 1) in the GelMA-impregnated outer region (from 60% to 70%). We were able to engineer a meniscus, which is cartilage-like at the inner portion and fibrocartilage-like at the outer portion. Our construct has a potential for use as a substitute for total meniscus replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- BIOMATEN, METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey. Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey. Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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41
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Zitnay JL, Weiss JA. Load transfer, damage, and failure in ligaments and tendons. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:3093-3104. [PMID: 30175857 PMCID: PMC6454883 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The function of ligaments and tendons is to support and transmit loads applied to the musculoskeletal system. These tissues are often able to perform their function for many decades; however, connective tissue disease and injury can compromise ligament and tendon integrity. A range of protein and non-protein constituents, combined in a complex structural hierarchy from the collagen molecule to the tissue and covering nanometer to centimeter length scales, govern tissue function, and impart characteristic non-linear material behavior. This review summarizes the structure of ligaments and tendons, the roles of their constituent components for load transfer across the hierarchy of structure, and the current understanding of how damage occurs in these tissues. Disease and injury can alter the constituent make-up and structural organization of ligaments and tendons, affecting tissue function, while also providing insight to the role and interactions of individual constituents. The studies and techniques presented here have helped to understand the relationship between tissue constituents and the physical mechanisms (e.g., stretching, sliding) that govern material behavior at and between length scales. In recent years, new techniques have been developed to probe ever smaller length scales and may help to elucidate mechanisms of load transfer and damage and the molecular constituents involved in the in the earliest stages of ligament and tendon damage. A detailed understanding of load transfer and damage from the molecular to the tissue level may elucidate targets for the treatment of connective tissue diseases and inform practice to prevent and rehabilitate ligament and tendon injuries. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3093-3104, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared L. Zitnay
- Department of Bioengineering, and Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute University of Utah
| | - Jeffrey A. Weiss
- Department of Bioengineering, and Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute University of Utah,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah
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42
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Haupt J, Stanley A, McLeod CM, Cosgrove BD, Culbert AL, Wang L, Mourkioti F, Mauck RL, Shore EM. ACVR1 R206H FOP mutation alters mechanosensing and tissue stiffness during heterotopic ossification. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:17-29. [PMID: 30379592 PMCID: PMC6337906 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An activating bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) type I receptor ACVR1 (ACVR1R206H) mutation enhances BMP pathway signaling and causes the rare genetic disorder of heterotopic (extraskeletal) bone formation fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Heterotopic ossification frequently occurs following injury as cells aberrantly differentiate during tissue repair. Biomechanical signals from the tissue microenvironment and cellular responses to these physical cues, such as stiffness and rigidity, are important determinants of cell differentiation and are modulated by BMP signaling. We used an Acvr1R206H/+ mouse model of injury-induced heterotopic ossification to examine the fibroproliferative tissue preceding heterotopic bone and identified pathologic stiffening at this stage of repair. In response to microenvironment stiffness, in vitro assays showed that Acvr1R206H/+ cells inappropriately sense their environment, responding to soft substrates with a spread morphology similar to wild-type cells on stiff substrates and to cells undergoing osteoblastogenesis. Increased activation of RhoA and its downstream effectors demonstrated increased mechanosignaling. Nuclear localization of the pro-osteoblastic factor RUNX2 on soft and stiff substrates suggests a predisposition to this cell fate. Our data support that increased BMP signaling in Acvr1R206H/+ cells alters the tissue microenvironment and results in misinterpretation of the tissue microenvironment through altered sensitivity to mechanical stimuli that lowers the threshold for commitment to chondro/osteogenic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Haupt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alexandra Stanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Claire M McLeod
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Brian D Cosgrove
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andria L Culbert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Linda Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Robert L Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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43
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Zhang K, Wu J, Zhang W, Yan S, Ding J, Chen X, Cui L, Yin J. In situ formation of hydrophobic clusters to enhance mechanical performance of biodegradable poly(l-glutamic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone) hydrogel towards meniscus tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7822-7833. [PMID: 32255028 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of scaffolds represents a huge challenge for meniscus tissue engineering, as there are particular biomechanical and biodegradability requirements. Here, an amphiphilic polymer was prepared by grafting hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with short chains onto hydrophilic biodegradable poly(l-glutamic acid) (PLGA). PLGA-g-PCL was then crosslinked with triethylene glycol (TEG) to form a chemically crosslinked network (CCN), followed by the in situ formation of stable hydrophobic PCL clusters inside the preformed CCN to increase the strength and elasticity of the hydrogel. The spindle-like PCL clusters in the hydrogel were observed to possess a mean size of 5-10 μm on the long axis and 3-4 μm on the minor axis, with no crystallization according to WAXS. Owing to the hydrophobic association of PCL, the swollen CCN was secondarily crosslinked and stiffened. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated excellent rebound resilience, and the maximum compressive strength of all the PLGA-g-PCL hydrogels was greater than 0.60 MPa with a maximum strain of about 70%, which represented significant increases in comparison with a PLGA hydrogel. Owing to the short chains of PCL, degradation of the PLGA-g-PCL hydrogel was accelerated within 3 months in vivo. A hydrogel carrying adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) effectively regenerated meniscus-like tissue in vivo and preserved the corresponding articular cartilage from degeneration over a 16 week period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunxi Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China.
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44
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Freedman BR, Rodriguez AB, Leiphart RJ, Newton JB, Ban E, Sarver JJ, Mauck RL, Shenoy VB, Soslowsky LJ. Dynamic Loading and Tendon Healing Affect Multiscale Tendon Properties and ECM Stress Transmission. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10854. [PMID: 30022076 PMCID: PMC6052000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the primary biomechanical environment that interacts with tendon cells (tenocytes). Stresses applied via muscle contraction during skeletal movement transfer across structural hierarchies to the tenocyte nucleus in native uninjured tendons. Alterations to ECM structural and mechanical properties due to mechanical loading and tissue healing may affect this multiscale strain transfer and stress transmission through the ECM. This study explores the interface between dynamic loading and tendon healing across multiple length scales using living tendon explants. Results show that macroscale mechanical and structural properties are inferior following high magnitude dynamic loading (fatigue) in uninjured living tendon and that these effects propagate to the microscale. Although similar macroscale mechanical effects of dynamic loading are present in healing tendon compared to uninjured tendon, the microscale properties differed greatly during early healing. Regression analysis identified several variables (collagen and nuclear disorganization, cellularity, and F-actin) that directly predict nuclear deformation under loading. Finite element modeling predicted deficits in ECM stress transmission following fatigue loading and during healing. Together, this work identifies the multiscale response of tendon to dynamic loading and healing, and provides new insight into microenvironmental features that tenocytes may experience following injury and after cell delivery therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Freedman
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashley B Rodriguez
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan J Leiphart
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph B Newton
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ehsan Ban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph J Sarver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louis J Soslowsky
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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45
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Stuckensen K, Schwab A, Knauer M, Muiños-López E, Ehlicke F, Reboredo J, Granero-Moltó F, Gbureck U, Prósper F, Walles H, Groll J. Tissue Mimicry in Morphology and Composition Promotes Hierarchical Matrix Remodeling of Invading Stem Cells in Osteochondral and Meniscus Scaffolds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706754. [PMID: 29847704 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An integral approach toward in situ tissue engineering through scaffolds that mimic tissue with regard to both tissue architecture and biochemical composition is presented. Monolithic osteochondral and meniscus scaffolds are prepared with tissue analog layered biochemical composition and perpendicularly oriented continuous micropores by a newly developed cryostructuring technology. These scaffolds enable rapid cell ingrowth and induce zonal-specific matrix synthesis of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells solely through their design without the need for supplementation of soluble factors such as growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Stuckensen
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schwab
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Knauer
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emma Muiños-López
- Experimental Orthopaedics Laboratory and Cell Therapy Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Franziska Ehlicke
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jenny Reboredo
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Experimental Orthopaedics Laboratory and Cell Therapy Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Experimental Orthopaedics Laboratory and Cell Therapy Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Heike Walles
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, ISC, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
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46
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Fan L, Li JL, Cai Z, Wang X. Creating Biomimetic Anisotropic Architectures with Co-Aligned Nanofibers and Macrochannels by Manipulating Ice Crystallization. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5780-5790. [PMID: 29846058 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The continuous evolution of tissue engineering scaffolds has been driven by the desire to recapitulate structural features and functions of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it is still an extreme challenge to create a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold with both aligned nanofibers and aligned interconnected macrochannels to mimic the ECM of anisotropic tissues. Here, we develop a facile strategy to create such a scaffold composed of oriented nanofibers and interconnected macrochannels in the same direction, with various natural polymers typically used for tissue regeneration. The orientation of nanofibers and interconnected macrochannels can be easily tuned by manipulating ice crystallization. The scaffold demonstrates both structural and functional features similar to the natural ECM of anisotropic tissues. Taking silk fibroin as an example, the scaffold with radially oriented nanofibers and interconnected macrochannels is more efficient for capturing cells and promoting the growth of both nonadherent embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGs) and adherent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared to the widely used scaffold types. Interestingly, DRGs and neurites on the SF scaffold demonstrate a 3D growth mode similar to that of natural nerve tissues. Furthermore, the coaligned nanofibers and macrochannels of the scaffold can direct HUVECs to assemble into blood vessel-like structures and their collagen deposition in their arrangement direction. The strategy could inspire the design and development of multifunctional 3D scaffolds with desirable structural features for engineering different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpeng Fan
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Jing-Liang Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Zengxiao Cai
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Xungai Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
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47
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Disney CM, Lee PD, Hoyland JA, Sherratt MJ, Bay BK. A review of techniques for visualising soft tissue microstructure deformation and quantifying strain Ex Vivo. J Microsc 2018; 272:165-179. [PMID: 29655273 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many biological tissues have a complex hierarchical structure allowing them to function under demanding physiological loading conditions. Structural changes caused by ageing or disease can lead to loss of mechanical function. Therefore, it is necessary to characterise tissue structure to understand normal tissue function and the progression of disease. Ideally intact native tissues should be imaged in 3D and under physiological loading conditions. The current published in situ imaging methodologies demonstrate a compromise between imaging limitations and maintaining the samples native mechanical function. This review gives an overview of in situ imaging techniques used to visualise microstructural deformation of soft tissue, including three case studies of different tissues (tendon, intervertebral disc and artery). Some of the imaging techniques restricted analysis to observational mechanics or discrete strain measurement from invasive markers. Full-field local surface strain measurement has been achieved using digital image correlation. Volumetric strain fields have successfully been quantified from in situ X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) studies of bone using digital volume correlation but not in soft tissue due to low X-ray transmission contrast. With the latest developments in micro-CT showing in-line phase contrast capability to resolve native soft tissue microstructure, there is potential for future soft tissue mechanics research where 3D local strain can be quantified. These methods will provide information on the local 3D micromechanical environment experienced by cells in healthy, aged and diseased tissues. It is hoped that future applications of in situ imaging techniques will impact positively on the design and testing of potential tissue replacements or regenerative therapies. LAY DESCRIPTION: The soft tissues in our bodies, such as tendons, intervertebral discs and arteries, have evolved to have complicated structures which deform and bear load during normal function. Small changes in these structures can occur with age and disease which then leads to loss of function. Therefore, it is important to image tissue microstructure in 3D and under functional conditions. This paper gives an overview of imaging techniques used to record the deformation of soft tissue microstructures. Commonly there are compromises between obtaining the best imaging result and retaining the samples native structure and function. For example, invasive markers and dissecting samples damages the tissues natural structure, and staining or clearing (making the tissue more transparent) can distort tissue structure. Structural deformation has been quantified from 2D imaging techniques (digital image correlation) to create surface strain maps which help identify local tissue mechanics. When extended to 3D (digital volume correlation), deformation measurement has been limited to bone samples using X-ray micro-CT. Recently it has been possible to image the 3D structure of soft tissue using X-ray micro-CT meaning that there is potential for internal soft tissue mechanics to be mapped in 3D. Future application of micro-CT and digital volume correlation will be important for soft tissue mechanics studies particularly to understand normal function, progression of disease and in the design of tissue replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Disney
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - P D Lee
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - J A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, U.K
| | - M J Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - B K Bay
- School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A
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Bonnevie ED, Mauck RL. Physiology and Engineering of the Graded Interfaces of Musculoskeletal Junctions. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2018; 20:403-429. [PMID: 29641907 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system can be grouped into fibrous, cartilaginous, and calcified tissues. While each tissue type has a distinct composition and function, the intersections between these tissues result in the formation of complex, composite, and graded junctions. The complexity of these interfaces is a critical aspect of their healthy function, but poses a significant challenge for their repair. In this review, we describe the organization and structure of complex musculoskeletal interfaces, identify emerging technologies for engineering such structures, and outline the requirements for assessing the complex nature of these tissues in the context of recapitulating their function through tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Bonnevie
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; .,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Col. Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; .,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Col. Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Li Q, Wang C, Han B, Qu F, Qi H, Li CY, Mauck RL, Han L. Impacts of maturation on the micromechanics of the meniscus extracellular matrix. J Biomech 2018; 72:252-257. [PMID: 29555076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate how maturation impacts the structure and mechanics of meniscus extracellular matrix (ECM) at the length scale of collagen fibrils and fibers, we tested the micromechanical properties of fetal and adult bovine menisci via atomic force microscopy (AFM)-nanoindentation. For circumferential fibers, we detected significant increase in the effective indentation modulus, Eind, with age. Such impact is in agreement with the increase in collagen fibril diameter and alignment during maturation, and is more pronounced in the outer zone, where collagen fibrils are more aligned and packed. Meanwhile, maturation also markedly increases the Eind of radial tie fibers, but not those of intact surface or superficial layer. These results provide new insights into the effect of maturation on the assembly of meniscus ECM, and enable the design of new meniscus repair strategies by modulating local ECM structure and mechanical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Biao Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Feini Qu
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Hao Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Christopher Y Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Rose JC, De Laporte L. Hierarchical Design of Tissue Regenerative Constructs. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701067. [PMID: 29369541 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide shortage of organs fosters significant advancements in regenerative therapies. Tissue engineering and regeneration aim to supply or repair organs or tissues by combining material scaffolds, biochemical signals, and cells. The greatest challenge entails the creation of a suitable implantable or injectable 3D macroenvironment and microenvironment to allow for ex vivo or in vivo cell-induced tissue formation. This review gives an overview of the essential components of tissue regenerating scaffolds, ranging from the molecular to the macroscopic scale in a hierarchical manner. Further, this review elaborates about recent pivotal technologies, such as photopatterning, electrospinning, 3D bioprinting, or the assembly of micrometer-scale building blocks, which enable the incorporation of local heterogeneities, similar to most native extracellular matrices. These methods are applied to mimic a vast number of different tissues, including cartilage, bone, nerves, muscle, heart, and blood vessels. Despite the tremendous progress that has been made in the last decade, it remains a hurdle to build biomaterial constructs in vitro or in vivo with a native-like structure and architecture, including spatiotemporal control of biofunctional domains and mechanical properties. New chemistries and assembly methods in water will be crucial to develop therapies that are clinically translatable and can evolve into organized and functional tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C. Rose
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 Aachen D‐52074 Germany
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