1
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Doyle CA, Busey GW, Iobst WH, Kiessling V, Renken C, Doppalapudi H, Stremska ME, Manjegowda MC, Arish M, Wang W, Naphade S, Kennedy J, Bloyet LM, Thompson CE, Rothlauf PW, Stipes EJ, Whelan SPJ, Tamm LK, Kreutzberger AJB, Sun J, Desai BN. Endosomal fusion of pH-dependent enveloped viruses requires ion channel TRPM7. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8479. [PMID: 39353909 PMCID: PMC11445543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52773-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The majority of viruses classified as pandemic threats are enveloped viruses which enter the cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis and take advantage of endosomal acidification to activate their fusion machinery. Here we report that the endosomal fusion of low pH-requiring viruses is highly dependent on TRPM7, a widely expressed TRP channel that is located on the plasma membrane and in intracellular vesicles. Using several viral infection systems expressing the envelope glycoproteins of various viruses, we find that loss of TRPM7 protects cells from infection by Lassa, LCMV, Ebola, Influenza, MERS, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2. TRPM7 ion channel activity is intrinsically necessary to acidify virus-laden endosomes but is expendable for several other endosomal acidification pathways. We propose a model wherein TRPM7 ion channel activity provides a countercurrent of cations from endosomal lumen to cytosol necessary to sustain the pumping of protons into these virus-laden endosomes. This study demonstrates the possibility of developing a broad-spectrum, TRPM7-targeting antiviral drug to subvert the endosomal fusion of low pH-dependent enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Doyle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gregory W Busey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wesley H Iobst
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Volker Kiessling
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chloe Renken
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hansa Doppalapudi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Marta E Stremska
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mohan C Manjegowda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mohd Arish
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Nikegen Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Shardul Naphade
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joel Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Louis-Marie Bloyet
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cassandra E Thompson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul W Rothlauf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric J Stipes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lukas K Tamm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alex J B Kreutzberger
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bimal N Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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2
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Decet M, Scott P, Kuenen S, Meftah D, Swerts J, Calatayud C, Gallego SF, Kaempf N, Nachman E, Praschberger R, Schoovaerts N, Tang CC, Eidelberg D, Al Adawi S, Al Asmi A, Nandhagopal R, Verstreken P. A candidate loss-of-function variant in SGIP1 causes synaptic dysfunction and recessive parkinsonism. Cell Rep Med 2024:101749. [PMID: 39332416 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction is recognized as an early step in the pathophysiology of parkinsonism. Several genetic mutations affecting the integrity of synaptic proteins cause or increase the risk of developing disease. We have identified a candidate causative mutation in synaptic "SH3GL2 Interacting Protein 1" (SGIP1), linked to early-onset parkinsonism in a consanguineous Arab family. Additionally, affected siblings display intellectual, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunction. Metabolic network analysis of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans shows patterns very similar to those of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. We show that the identified SGIP1 mutation causes a loss of protein function, and analyses in newly created Drosophila models reveal movement defects, synaptic transmission dysfunction, and neurodegeneration, including dopaminergic synapse loss. Histology and correlative light and electron microscopy reveal the absence of synaptic multivesicular bodies and the accumulation of degradative organelles. This research delineates a putative form of recessive parkinsonism, converging on defective synaptic proteostasis and opening avenues for diagnosis, genetic counseling, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Decet
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Scott
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sabine Kuenen
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Douja Meftah
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Physiology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jef Swerts
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carles Calatayud
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra F Gallego
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie Kaempf
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eliana Nachman
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roman Praschberger
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nils Schoovaerts
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris C Tang
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Samir Al Adawi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah Al Asmi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ramachandiran Nandhagopal
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod 123, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Feng T, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Fan P, Yang X. Mechanism and therapeutic targets of the involvement of a novel lysosomal proton channel TMEM175 in Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102373. [PMID: 38960046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), recognized as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the aging population, presents a significant challenge due to the current lack of effective treatment methods to mitigate its progression. Many pathogenesis of PD are related to lysosomal dysfunction. Moreover, extensive genetic studies have shown a significant correlation between the lysosomal membrane protein TMEM175 and the risk of developing PD. Building on this discovery, TMEM175 has been identified as a novel potassium ion channel. Intriguingly, further investigations have found that potassium ion channels gradually close and transform into hydrion "excretion" channels in the microenvironment of lysosomes. This finding was further substantiated by studies on TMEM175 knockout mice, which exhibited pronounced motor dysfunction in pole climbing and suspension tests, alongside a notable reduction in dopamine neurons within the substantia nigra compacta. Despite these advancements, the current research landscape is not without its controversies. In light of this, the present review endeavors to methodically examine and consolidate a vast array of recent literature on TMEM175. This comprehensive analysis spans from the foundational research on the structure and function of TMEM175 to expansive population genetics studies and mechanism research utilizing cellular and animal models.A thorough understanding of the structure and function of TMEM175, coupled with insights into the intricate mechanisms underpinning lysosomal dysfunction in PD dopaminergic neurons, is imperative. Such knowledge is crucial for pinpointing precise intervention targets, thereby paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies that could potentially alter the neurodegenerative trajectory of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Nervous System Disease Research, Urumqi 830063,China; Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Nervous System Diseases, Urumqi 830063, China; Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | | | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Nervous System Disease Research, Urumqi 830063,China; Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Nervous System Diseases, Urumqi 830063, China
| | - Peidong Fan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Nervous System Disease Research, Urumqi 830063,China; Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Nervous System Diseases, Urumqi 830063, China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Nervous System Disease Research, Urumqi 830063,China; Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Nervous System Diseases, Urumqi 830063, China; Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China.
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4
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Duan J, Kahms M, Steinhoff A, Klingauf J. Spontaneous and evoked synaptic vesicle release arises from a single releasable pool. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114461. [PMID: 38990719 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The quantal content of an evoked postsynaptic response is typically determined by dividing it by the average spontaneous miniature response. However, this approach is challenged by the notion that different synaptic vesicle pools might drive spontaneous and evoked release. Here, we "silence" synaptic vesicles through pharmacological alkalinization and subsequently rescue them by optogenetic acidification. We find that such silenced synaptic vesicles, retrieved during evoked or spontaneous activity, cross-deplete the complementary release mode in a fully reversible manner. A fluorescently tagged version of the endosomal SNARE protein Vti1a, which has been suggested to identify a separate pool of spontaneously recycling synaptic vesicles, is trafficked to synaptic vesicles significantly only upon overexpression but not when endogenously tagged by CRISPR-Cas9. Thus, both release modes draw synaptic vesicles from the same readily releasable pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Duan
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 31, 48149 Münster, Germany; Center for Soft Nanoscience SoN, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Str.10, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; CiM Graduate School of the Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre and the International Max Planck Research School, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Kahms
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 31, 48149 Münster, Germany; Center for Soft Nanoscience SoN, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Str.10, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ana Steinhoff
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 31, 48149 Münster, Germany; Center for Soft Nanoscience SoN, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Str.10, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; CiM Graduate School of the Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre and the International Max Planck Research School, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 31, 48149 Münster, Germany; Center for Soft Nanoscience SoN, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Str.10, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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5
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Ahumada-Marchant C, Ancatén-Gonzalez C, Haensgen H, Brauer B, Merino-Veliz N, Droste R, Arancibia F, Horvitz HR, Constantine-Paton M, Arriagada G, Chávez AE, Bustos FJ. Deletion of VPS50 protein in mouse brain impairs synaptic function and behavior. BMC Biol 2024; 22:142. [PMID: 38926759 PMCID: PMC11210182 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The VPS50 protein functions in synaptic and dense core vesicle acidification, and perturbations of VPS50 function produce behavioral changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Patients with mutations in VPS50 show severe developmental delay and intellectual disability, characteristics that have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The mechanisms that link VPS50 mutations to ASD are unknown. RESULTS To examine the role of VPS50 in mammalian brain function and behavior, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate knockouts of VPS50 in both cultured murine cortical neurons and living mice. In cultured neurons, KO of VPS50 did not affect the number of synaptic vesicles but did cause mislocalization of the V-ATPase V1 domain pump and impaired synaptic activity, likely as a consequence of defects in vesicle acidification and vesicle content. In mice, mosaic KO of VPS50 in the hippocampus altered synaptic transmission and plasticity and generated robust cognitive impairments. CONCLUSIONS We propose that VPS50 functions as an accessory protein to aid the recruitment of the V-ATPase V1 domain to synaptic vesicles and in that way plays a crucial role in controlling synaptic vesicle acidification. Understanding the mechanisms controlling behaviors and synaptic function in ASD-associated mutations is pivotal for the development of targeted interventions, which may open new avenues for therapeutic strategies aimed at ASD and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Ahumada-Marchant
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Ancatén-Gonzalez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Mención Neurociencia, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Henny Haensgen
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastian Brauer
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Merino-Veliz
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rita Droste
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Felipe Arancibia
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - H Robert Horvitz
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Martha Constantine-Paton
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gloria Arriagada
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés E Chávez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fernando J Bustos
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus of Neuroepigenetics and Plasticity (EpiNeuro), Santiago, Chile.
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6
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Vlasova AD, Bukhalovich SM, Bagaeva DF, Polyakova AP, Ilyinsky NS, Nesterov SV, Tsybrov FM, Bogorodskiy AO, Zinovev EV, Mikhailov AE, Vlasov AV, Kuklin AI, Borshchevskiy VI, Bamberg E, Uversky VN, Gordeliy VI. Intracellular microbial rhodopsin-based optogenetics to control metabolism and cell signaling. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3327-3349. [PMID: 38391026 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00699a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsin (MRs) ion channels and pumps have become invaluable optogenetic tools for neuroscience as well as biomedical applications. Recently, MR-optogenetics expanded towards subcellular organelles opening principally new opportunities in optogenetic control of intracellular metabolism and signaling via precise manipulations of organelle ion gradients using light. This new optogenetic field expands the opportunities for basic and medical studies of cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, providing more detailed and accurate control of cell physiology. This review summarizes recent advances in studies of the cellular metabolic processes and signaling mediated by optogenetic tools targeting mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, and synaptic vesicles. Finally, we discuss perspectives of such an optogenetic approach in both fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D Vlasova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Siarhei M Bukhalovich
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Diana F Bagaeva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra P Polyakova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Ilyinsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Semen V Nesterov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Fedor M Tsybrov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Andrey O Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Egor V Zinovev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anatolii E Mikhailov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexey V Vlasov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kuklin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Valentin I Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Ernst Bamberg
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Valentin I Gordeliy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives-CNRS, 38027 Grenoble, France.
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7
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Zeng W, Li C, Wu R, Yang X, Wang Q, Lin B, Wei Y, Li H, Shan G, Qu L, Cang C. Optogenetic manipulation of lysosomal physiology and autophagy-dependent clearance of amyloid beta. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002591. [PMID: 38652732 PMCID: PMC11068202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are degradation centers of cells and intracellular hubs of signal transduction, nutrient sensing, and autophagy regulation. Dysfunction of lysosomes contributes to a variety of diseases, such as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) and neurodegeneration, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Altering lysosomal activity and examining its impact on the occurrence and development of disease is an important strategy for studying lysosome-related diseases. However, methods to dynamically regulate lysosomal function in living cells or animals are still lacking. Here, we constructed lysosome-localized optogenetic actuators, named lyso-NpHR3.0, lyso-ArchT, and lyso-ChR2, to achieve optogenetic manipulation of lysosomes. These new actuators enable light-dependent control of lysosomal membrane potential, pH, hydrolase activity, degradation, and Ca2+ dynamics in living cells. Notably, lyso-ChR2 activation induces autophagy through the mTOR pathway, promotes Aβ clearance in an autophagy-dependent manner in cellular models, and alleviates Aβ-induced paralysis in the Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. Our lysosomal optogenetic actuators supplement the optogenetic toolbox and provide a method to dynamically regulate lysosomal physiology and function in living cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zeng
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Canjun Li
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruikun Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xingguo Yang
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bingqian Lin
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanan Wei
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ge Shan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lili Qu
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunlei Cang
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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8
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Harder D, Ritzmann N, Ucurum Z, Müller DJ, Fotiadis D. Light Color-Controlled pH-Adjustment of Aqueous Solutions Using Engineered Proteoliposomes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307524. [PMID: 38342618 PMCID: PMC11022694 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the pH at the microliter scale can be useful for applications in research, medicine, and industry, and therefore represents a valuable application for synthetic biology and microfluidics. The presented vesicular system translates light of different colors into specific pH changes in the surrounding solution. It works with the two light-driven proton pumps bacteriorhodopsin and blue light-absorbing proteorhodopsin Med12, that are oriented in opposite directions in the lipid membrane. A computer-controlled measuring device implements a feedback loop for automatic adjustment and maintenance of a selected pH value. A pH range spanning more than two units can be established, providing fine temporal and pH resolution. As an application example, a pH-sensitive enzyme reaction is presented where the light color controls the reaction progress. In summary, light color-controlled pH-adjustment using engineered proteoliposomes opens new possibilities to control processes at the microliter scale in different contexts, such as in synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Harder
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of BernBern3012Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR)Molecular Systems EngineeringBaselSwitzerland
| | - Noah Ritzmann
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR)Molecular Systems EngineeringBaselSwitzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZürichBasel4056Switzerland
| | - Zöhre Ucurum
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of BernBern3012Switzerland
| | - Daniel J. Müller
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR)Molecular Systems EngineeringBaselSwitzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZürichBasel4056Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of BernBern3012Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR)Molecular Systems EngineeringBaselSwitzerland
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9
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Bestsennaia E, Maslov I, Balandin T, Alekseev A, Yudenko A, Abu Shamseye A, Zabelskii D, Baumann A, Catapano C, Karathanasis C, Gordeliy V, Heilemann M, Gensch T, Borshchevskiy V. Channelrhodopsin-2 Oligomerization in Cell Membrane Revealed by Photo-Activated Localization Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202307555. [PMID: 38226794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsins are retinal membrane proteins that found a broad application in optogenetics. The oligomeric state of rhodopsins is important for their functionality and stability. Of particular interest is the oligomeric state in the cellular native membrane environment. Fluorescence microscopy provides powerful tools to determine the oligomeric state of membrane proteins directly in cells. Among these methods is quantitative photoactivated localization microscopy (qPALM) allowing the investigation of molecular organization at the level of single protein clusters. Here, we apply qPALM to investigate the oligomeric state of the first and most used optogenetic tool Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. ChR2 appeared predominantly as a dimer in the cell membrane and did not form higher oligomers. The disulfide bonds between Cys34 and Cys36 of adjacent ChR2 monomers were not required for dimer formation and mutations disrupting these bonds resulted in only partial monomerization of ChR2. The monomeric fraction increased when the total concentration of mutant ChR2 in the membrane was low. The dissociation constant was estimated for this partially monomerized mutant ChR2 as 2.2±0.9 proteins/μm2 . Our findings are important for understanding the mechanistic basis of ChR2 activity as well as for improving existing and developing future optogenetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Bestsennaia
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ivan Maslov
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and the Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, B3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Taras Balandin
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexey Alekseev
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Yudenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Assalla Abu Shamseye
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dmitrii Zabelskii
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- European XFEL, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Arnd Baumann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claudia Catapano
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christos Karathanasis
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
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10
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Fenelon KD, Krause J, Koromila T. Opticool: Cutting-edge transgenic optical tools. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011208. [PMID: 38517915 PMCID: PMC10959397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Only a few short decades have passed since the sequencing of GFP, yet the modern repertoire of transgenically encoded optical tools implies an exponential proliferation of ever improving constructions to interrogate the subcellular environment. A myriad of tags for labeling proteins, RNA, or DNA have arisen in the last few decades, facilitating unprecedented visualization of subcellular components and processes. Development of a broad array of modern genetically encoded sensors allows real-time, in vivo detection of molecule levels, pH, forces, enzyme activity, and other subcellular and extracellular phenomena in ever expanding contexts. Optogenetic, genetically encoded optically controlled manipulation systems have gained traction in the biological research community and facilitate single-cell, real-time modulation of protein function in vivo in ever broadening, novel applications. While this field continues to explosively expand, references are needed to assist scientists seeking to use and improve these transgenic devices in new and exciting ways to interrogate development and disease. In this review, we endeavor to highlight the state and trajectory of the field of in vivo transgenic optical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli D. Fenelon
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julia Krause
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Theodora Koromila
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Xun J, Zhang Z, Lv B, Lu D, Yang H, Shang G, Tan JX. A conserved ion channel function of STING mediates noncanonical autophagy and cell death. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:544-569. [PMID: 38177926 PMCID: PMC10897221 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The cGAS/STING pathway triggers inflammation upon diverse cellular stresses such as infection, cellular damage, aging, and diseases. STING also triggers noncanonical autophagy, involving LC3 lipidation on STING vesicles through the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis, as well as induces cell death. Although the proton pump V-ATPase senses organelle deacidification in other contexts, it is unclear how STING activates V-ATPase for noncanonical autophagy. Here we report a conserved channel function of STING in proton efflux and vesicle deacidification. STING activation induces an electron-sparse pore in its transmembrane domain, which mediates proton flux in vitro and the deacidification of post-Golgi STING vesicles in cells. A chemical ligand of STING, C53, which binds to and blocks its channel, strongly inhibits STING-mediated proton flux in vitro. C53 fully blocks STING trafficking from the ER to the Golgi, but adding C53 after STING arrives at the Golgi allows for selective inhibition of STING-dependent vesicle deacidification, LC3 lipidation, and cell death, without affecting trafficking. The discovery of STING as a channel opens new opportunities for selective targeting of canonical and noncanonical STING functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Xun
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Defen Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haoxiang Yang
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Guijun Shang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Structure Determination, SAARI, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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12
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Yang C, Tian F, Hu M, Kang C, Ping M, Liu Y, Hu M, Xu H, Yu Y, Gao Z, Li P. Characterization of the role of TMEM175 in an in vitro lysosomal H + fluxes model. FEBS J 2023; 290:4641-4659. [PMID: 37165739 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome acidification is a dynamic equilibrium of H+ influx and efflux across the membrane, which is crucial for cell physiology. The vacuolar H+ ATPase (V-ATPase) is responsible for the H+ influx or refilling of lysosomes. TMEM175 was identified as a novel H+ permeable channel on lysosomal membranes, and it plays a critical role in lysosome acidification. However, how TMEM175 participates in lysosomal acidification remains unknown. Here, we present evidence that TMEM175 regulates lysosomal H+ influx and efflux in enlarged lysosomes isolated from COS1 treated with vacuolin-1. By utilizing the whole-endolysosome patch-clamp recording technique, a series of integrated lysosomal H+ influx and efflux signals in a ten-of-second time scale under the physiological pH gradient (luminal pH 4.60, and cytosolic pH 7.20) was recorded from this in vitro system. Lysosomal H+ fluxes constitute both the lysosomal H+ refilling and releasing, and they are asymmetrical processes with distinct featured kinetics for each of the H+ fluxes. Lysosomal H+ fluxes are entirely abolished when TMEM175 losses of function in the F39V mutant and is blocked by the antagonist (2-GBI). Meanwhile, lysosomal H+ fluxes are modulated by the pH-buffering capacity of the lumen and the lysosomal glycosylated membrane proteins, lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). We propose that the TMEM175-mediated lysosomal H+ fluxes model would provide novel thoughts for studying the pathology of Parkinson's disease and lysosome storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyan Yang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuyun Tian
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chunlan Kang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixuan Ping
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Meiqin Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Wood EH, Kreymerman A, Kowal T, Buickians D, Sun Y, Muscat S, Mercola M, Moshfeghi DM, Goldberg JL. Cellular and subcellular optogenetic approaches towards neuroprotection and vision restoration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101153. [PMID: 36503723 PMCID: PMC10247900 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics is defined as the combination of genetic and optical methods to induce or inhibit well-defined events in isolated cells, tissues, or animals. While optogenetics within ophthalmology has been primarily applied towards treating inherited retinal disease, there are a myriad of other applications that hold great promise for a variety of eye diseases including cellular regeneration, modulation of mitochondria and metabolism, regulation of intraocular pressure, and pain control. Supported by primary data from the authors' work with in vitro and in vivo applications, we introduce a novel approach to metabolic regulation, Opsins to Restore Cellular ATP (ORCA). We review the fundamental constructs for ophthalmic optogenetics, present current therapeutic approaches and clinical trials, and discuss the future of subcellular and signaling pathway applications for neuroprotection and vision restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Wood
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Kreymerman
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tia Kowal
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David Buickians
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Muscat
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Darius M Moshfeghi
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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14
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Lumeij LB, van Huijstee AN, Cappaert NLM, Kessels HW. Variance analysis as a method to predict the locus of plasticity at populations of non-uniform synapses. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1232541. [PMID: 37528963 PMCID: PMC10388551 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1232541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge on synaptic transmission in the central nervous system has often been obtained by evoking synaptic responses to populations of synapses. Analysis of the variance in synaptic responses can be applied as a method to predict whether a change in synaptic responses is a consequence of altered presynaptic neurotransmitter release or postsynaptic receptors. However, variance analysis is based on binomial statistics, which assumes that synapses are uniform. In reality, synapses are far from uniform, which questions the reliability of variance analysis when applying this method to populations of synapses. To address this, we used an in silico model for evoked synaptic responses and compared variance analysis outcomes between populations of uniform versus non-uniform synapses. This simulation revealed that variance analysis produces similar results irrespectively of the grade of uniformity of synapses. We put this variance analysis to the test with an electrophysiology experiment using a model system for which the loci of plasticity are well established: the effect of amyloid-β on synapses. Variance analysis correctly predicted that postsynaptically produced amyloid-β triggered predominantly a loss of synapses and a minor reduction of postsynaptic currents in remaining synapses with little effect on presynaptic release probability. We propose that variance analysis can be reliably used to predict the locus of synaptic changes for populations of non-uniform synapses.
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15
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Ahumada-Marchant C, Ancatén-Gonzalez C, Haensgen H, Arancibia F, Brauer B, Droste R, Horvitz HR, Constantine-Paton M, Arriagada G, Chávez AE, Bustos FJ. Deletion of VPS50 protein in mice brain impairs synaptic function and behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.04.547745. [PMID: 37461727 PMCID: PMC10349947 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.04.547745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
VPS50, is an accessory protein, involved in the synaptic and dense core vesicle acidification and its alterations produce behavioral changes in C.elegans. Here, we produce the mosaic knock out (mKO) of VPS50 using CRISPR/Cas9 system in both cortical cultured neurons and whole animals to evaluate the effect of VPS50 in regulating mammalian brain function and behavior. While mKO of VPS50 does not change the number of synaptic vesicles, it produces a mislocalization of the V-ATPase pump that likely impact in vesicle acidification and vesicle content to impair synaptic and neuronal activity in cultured neurons. In mice, mKO of VPS50 in the hippocampus, alter synaptic transmission and plasticity, and generated robust cognitive impairments associate to memory formation. We propose that VPS50 is an accessory protein that aids the correct recruitment of the V-ATPase pump to synaptic vesicles, thus having a crucial role controlling synaptic vesicle acidification and hence synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Ahumada-Marchant
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Ancatén-Gonzalez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Henny Haensgen
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Arancibia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastian Brauer
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rita Droste
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Gloria Arriagada
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés E Chávez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fernando J Bustos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Zenko D, Marsh J, Castle AR, Lewin R, Fischer R, Tofaris GK. Monitoring α-synuclein ubiquitination dynamics reveals key endosomal effectors mediating its trafficking and degradation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd8910. [PMID: 37315142 PMCID: PMC10266730 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While defective α-synuclein homeostasis is central to Parkinson's pathogenesis, fundamental questions about its degradation remain unresolved. We have developed a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay in living cells to monitor de novo ubiquitination of α-synuclein and identified lysine residues 45, 58, and 60 as critical ubiquitination sites for its degradation. This is mediated by NBR1 binding and entry into endosomes in a process that involves ESCRT I-III for subsequent lysosomal degradation. Autophagy or the autophagic chaperone Hsc70 is dispensable for this pathway. Antibodies against diglycine-modified α-synuclein peptides confirmed that endogenous α-synuclein is similarly ubiquitinated in the brain and targeted to lysosomes in primary and iPSC-derived neurons. Ubiquitinated α-synuclein was detected in Lewy bodies and cellular models of aggregation, suggesting that it may be entrapped with endo/lysosomes in inclusions. Our data elucidate the intracellular trafficking of de novo ubiquitinated α-synuclein and provide tools for investigating the rapidly turned-over fraction of this disease-causing protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Zenko
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jade Marsh
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew R. Castle
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rahel Lewin
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George K. Tofaris
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Vlasova A, Polyakova A, Gromova A, Dolotova S, Bukhalovich S, Bagaeva D, Bondarev N, Tsybrov F, Kovalev K, Mikhailov A, Sidorov D, Bogorodskiy A, Ilyinsky N, Kuklin A, Vlasov A, Borshchevskiy V, Ivanovich V. Optogenetic cytosol acidification of mammalian cells using an inward proton-pumping rhodopsin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124949. [PMID: 37224908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ion gradients are a universal form of energy, information storage and conversion in living cells. Advances in optogenetics inspire the development of novel tools towards control of different cellular processes with light. Rhodopsins are perspective tools for optogenetic manipulation of ion gradients in cells and subcellular compartments, controlling pH of the cytosol and intracellular organelles. The key step of the development of new optogenetic tools is evaluation of their efficiency. Here, we used a high-throughput quantitative method for comparing efficiency of proton-pumping rhodopsins in Escherichia coli cells. This approach allowed us to show that an inward proton pump xenorhodopsin from Nanosalina sp. (NsXeR) is a powerful tool for optogenetic control of pH of mammalian subcellular compartments. Further, we demonstrate that NsXeR can be used for fast optogenetic acidification of the cytosol of mammalian cells. This is the first evidence of optogenetic cytosol acidification by an inward proton pump at physiological pH values. Our approach offers unique opportunities to study cellular metabolism at normal and pathological conditions and might help to understand the role of pH dysregulation in cellular dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vlasova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - A Polyakova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - A Gromova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - S Dolotova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Bukhalovich
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - D Bagaeva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - N Bondarev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - F Tsybrov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - K Kovalev
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Mikhailov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - D Sidorov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - A Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - N Ilyinsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - A Kuklin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia; Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - A Vlasov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia; Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - V Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia; Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia.
| | - V Ivanovich
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
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18
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Kolen B, Borghans B, Kortzak D, Lugo V, Hannack C, Guzman RE, Ullah G, Fahlke C. Vesicular glutamate transporters are H +-anion exchangers that operate at variable stoichiometry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2723. [PMID: 37169755 PMCID: PMC10175566 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters accumulate glutamate in synaptic vesicles, where they also function as a major Cl- efflux pathway. Here we combine heterologous expression and cellular electrophysiology with mathematical modeling to understand the mechanisms underlying this dual function of rat VGLUT1. When glutamate is the main cytoplasmic anion, VGLUT1 functions as H+-glutamate exchanger, with a transport rate of around 600 s-1 at -160 mV. Transport of other large anions, including aspartate, is not stoichiometrically coupled to H+ transport, and Cl- permeates VGLUT1 through an aqueous anion channel with unitary transport rates of 1.5 × 105 s-1 at -160 mV. Mathematical modeling reveals that H+ coupling is sufficient for selective glutamate accumulation in model vesicles and that VGLUT Cl- channel function increases the transport efficiency by accelerating glutamate accumulation and reducing ATP-driven H+ transport. In summary, we provide evidence that VGLUT1 functions as H+-glutamate exchanger that is partially or fully uncoupled by other anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Kolen
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molekular- und Zellphysiologie (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bart Borghans
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molekular- und Zellphysiologie (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel Kortzak
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molekular- und Zellphysiologie (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Victor Lugo
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molekular- und Zellphysiologie (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Cora Hannack
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molekular- und Zellphysiologie (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Raul E Guzman
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molekular- und Zellphysiologie (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ghanim Ullah
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Christoph Fahlke
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Molekular- und Zellphysiologie (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
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19
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Cheung G, Chever O, Rollenhagen A, Quenech'du N, Ezan P, Lübke JHR, Rouach N. Astroglial Connexin 43 Regulates Synaptic Vesicle Release at Hippocampal Synapses. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081133. [PMID: 37190042 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43, an astroglial gap junction protein, is enriched in perisynaptic astroglial processes and plays major roles in synaptic transmission. We have previously found that astroglial Cx43 controls synaptic glutamate levels and allows for activity-dependent glutamine release to sustain physiological synaptic transmissions and cognitiogns. However, whether Cx43 is important for the release of synaptic vesicles, which is a critical component of synaptic efficacy, remains unanswered. Here, using transgenic mice with a glial conditional knockout of Cx43 (Cx43-/-), we investigate whether and how astrocytes regulate the release of synaptic vesicles from hippocampal synapses. We report that CA1 pyramidal neurons and their synapses develop normally in the absence of astroglial Cx43. However, a significant impairment in synaptic vesicle distribution and release dynamics were observed. In particular, the FM1-43 assays performed using two-photon live imaging and combined with multi-electrode array stimulation in acute hippocampal slices, revealed a slower rate of synaptic vesicle release in Cx43-/- mice. Furthermore, paired-pulse recordings showed that synaptic vesicle release probability was also reduced and is dependent on glutamine supply via Cx43 hemichannel (HC). Taken together, we have uncovered a role for Cx43 in regulating presynaptic functions by controlling the rate and probability of synaptic vesicle release. Our findings further highlight the significance of astroglial Cx43 in synaptic transmission and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Cheung
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Oana Chever
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Astrid Rollenhagen
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine INM-10, Research Center Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance Translational Brain Medicine, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Quenech'du
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Ezan
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Joachim H R Lübke
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine INM-10, Research Center Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance Translational Brain Medicine, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France
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20
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Hao Y, Toulmé E, König B, Rosenmund C, Plested AJR. Targeted sensors for glutamatergic neurotransmission. eLife 2023; 12:e84029. [PMID: 36622100 PMCID: PMC9917459 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical report of neurotransmitter release allows visualisation of excitatory synaptic transmission. Sensitive genetically-encoded fluorescent glutamate reporters operating with a range of affinities and emission wavelengths are available. However, without targeting to synapses, the specificity of the fluorescent signal is uncertain, compared to sensors directed at vesicles or other synaptic markers. We fused the state-of-the-art reporter iGluSnFR to glutamate receptor auxiliary proteins in order to target it to postsynaptic sites. Chimeras of Stargazin and gamma-8 that we named SnFR-γ2 and SnFR-γ8, were enriched at synapses, retained function and reported spontaneous glutamate release in rat hippocampal cells, with apparently diffraction-limited spatial precision. In autaptic mouse neurons cultured on astrocytic microislands, evoked neurotransmitter release could be quantitatively detected at tens of synapses in a field of view whilst evoked currents were recorded simultaneously. These experiments revealed a specific postsynaptic deficit from Stargazin overexpression, resulting in synapses with normal neurotransmitter release but without postsynaptic responses. This defect was reverted by delaying overexpression. By working at different calcium concentrations, we determined that SnFR-γ2 is a linear reporter of the global quantal parameters and short-term synaptic plasticity, whereas iGluSnFR is not. On average, half of iGluSnFR regions of interest (ROIs) showing evoked fluorescence changes had intense rundown, whereas less than 5% of SnFR-γ2 ROIs did. We provide an open-source analysis suite for extracting quantal parameters including release probability from fluorescence time series of individual and grouped synaptic responses. Taken together, postsynaptic targeting improves several properties of iGluSnFR and further demonstrates the importance of subcellular targeting for optogenetic actuators and reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Hao
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Estelle Toulmé
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Benjamin König
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- NeuroCure Cluster of ExcellenceBerlinGermany
| | - Andrew JR Plested
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
- NeuroCure Cluster of ExcellenceBerlinGermany
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21
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Volta M. Lysosomal Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease: Insights From LRRK2 and GBA1 Rodent Models. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:127-139. [PMID: 36085537 PMCID: PMC10119359 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of mutations in LRRK2 and GBA1 that are linked to Parkinson's disease provided further evidence that autophagy and lysosome pathways are likely implicated in the pathogenic process. Their protein products are important regulators of lysosome function. LRRK2 has kinase-dependent effects on lysosome activity, autophagic efficacy and lysosomal Ca2+ signaling. Glucocerebrosidase (encoded by GBA1) is a hydrolytic enzyme contained in the lysosomes and contributes to the degradation of alpha-synuclein. PD-related mutations in LRRK2 and GBA1 slow the degradation of alpha-synuclein, thus directly implicating the dysfunction of the process in the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease. The development of genetic rodent models of LRRK2 and GBA1 provided hopes of obtaining reliable preclinical models in which to study pathogenic processes and perform drug validation studies. Here, I will review the extensive characterization of these models, their impact on understanding lysosome alterations in the course of Parkinson's disease and what novel insights have been obtained. In addition, I will discuss how these models fare with respect to the features of a "gold standard" animal models and what could be attempted in future studies to exploit LRRK2 and GBA1 rodent models in the fight against Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Volta
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, via Volta 21, Bolzano, 39100, Italy.
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22
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Lamanna J, Ferro M, Spadini S, Malgaroli A. Exploiting the molecular diversity of the synapse to investigate neuronal communication: A guide through the current toolkit. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:6141-6161. [PMID: 36239030 PMCID: PMC10100385 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synapses are tiny and overcrowded environments, deeply embedded inside brain tissue and enriched with thousands of protein species. Many efforts have been devoted to developing custom approaches for evaluating and modifying synaptic activity. Most of these methods are based on the engineering of one or more synaptic protein scaffolds used to target active moieties to the synaptic compartment or to manipulate synaptic functioning. In this review, we summarize the most recent methodological advances and provide a description of the involved proteins as well as the operation principle. Furthermore, we highlight their advantages and limitations in relation to studies of synaptic transmission in vitro and in vivo. Concerning the labelling methods, the most important challenge is how to extend the available approaches to the in vivo setting. On the other hand, for those methods that allow manipulation of synaptic function, this limit has been overcome using optogenetic approaches that can be more easily applied to the living brain. Finally, future applications of these methods to neuroscience, as well as new potential routes for development, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Lamanna
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Ferro
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Spadini
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Malgaroli
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Turro, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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23
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Zajac M, Modi S, Krishnan Y. The evolution of organellar calcium mapping technologies. Cell Calcium 2022; 108:102658. [PMID: 36274564 PMCID: PMC10224794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ fluxes are dynamically controlled by the co-involvement of multiple organellar pools of stored Ca2+. Endolysosomes are emerging as physiologically critical, yet underexplored, sources and sinks of intracellular Ca2+. Delineating the role of organelles in Ca2+ signaling has relied on chemical fluorescent probes and electrophysiological strategies. However, the acidic endolysosomal environment presents unique issues, which preclude the use of traditional chemical reporter strategies to map lumenal Ca2+. Here, we broadly address the current state of knowledge about organellar Ca2+ pools. We then outline the application of traditional probes, and their sensing paradigms. We then discuss how a new generation of probes overcomes the limitations of traditional Ca2+probes, emphasizing their ability to offer critical insights into endolysosomal Ca2+, and its feedback with other organellar pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zajac
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Souvik Modi
- Esya Labs, Translation and Innovation Hub, Imperial College White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA.
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24
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Klier PEZ, Roo R, Miller EW. Fluorescent indicators for imaging membrane potential of organelles. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102203. [PMID: 36084425 PMCID: PMC10259174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane potential is a key driver of the physiology of excitable cells like neurons and cardiomyocytes. Voltage-sensitive fluorescent indicators offer a powerful complement to traditional electrode-based approaches to measuring and monitoring membrane potential. Intracellular organelles can also generate membrane potential, yet the electrode- and fluorescent indicator-based approaches used for plasma membrane potential imaging are difficult to implement on intact organelles in their native environment. Here, we survey recent advances in developing and deploying voltage-sensitive fluorescent indicators to interrogate organelle membrane potential in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel E Z Klier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ryan Roo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Evan W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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25
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Yeo XY, Lim YT, Chae WR, Park C, Park H, Jung S. Alterations of presynaptic proteins in autism spectrum disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1062878. [DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1062878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanded use of hypothesis-free gene analysis methods in autism research has significantly increased the number of genetic risk factors associated with the pathogenesis of autism. A further examination of the implicated genes directly revealed the involvement in processes pertinent to neuronal differentiation, development, and function, with a predominant contribution from the regulators of synaptic function. Despite the importance of presynaptic function in synaptic transmission, the regulation of neuronal network activity, and the final behavioral output, there is a relative lack of understanding of the presynaptic contribution to the pathology of autism. Here, we will review the close association among autism-related mutations, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) phenotypes, and the altered presynaptic protein functions through a systematic examination of the presynaptic risk genes relating to the critical stages of synaptogenesis and neurotransmission.
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26
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Gaudioso Á, Silva TP, Ledesma MD. Models to study basic and applied aspects of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114532. [PMID: 36122863 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The lack of available treatments and fatal outcome in most lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) have spurred research on pathological mechanisms and novel therapies in recent years. In this effort, experimental methodology in cellular and animal models have been developed, with aims to address major challenges in many LSDs such as patient-to-patient variability and brain condition. These techniques and models have advanced knowledge not only of LSDs but also for other lysosomal disorders and have provided fundamental insights into the biological roles of lysosomes. They can also serve to assess the efficacy of classical therapies and modern drug delivery systems. Here, we summarize the techniques and models used in LSD research, which include both established and recently developed in vitro methods, with general utility or specifically addressing lysosomal features. We also review animal models of LSDs together with cutting-edge technology that may reduce the need for animals in the study of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Gaudioso
- Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa P Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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27
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Kosmidis E, Shuttle CG, Preobraschenski J, Ganzella M, Johnson PJ, Veshaguri S, Holmkvist J, Møller MP, Marantos O, Marcoline F, Grabe M, Pedersen JL, Jahn R, Stamou D. Regulation of the mammalian-brain V-ATPase through ultraslow mode-switching. Nature 2022; 611:827-834. [PMID: 36418452 PMCID: PMC11212661 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatases (V-ATPases)1-3 are electrogenic rotary mechanoenzymes structurally related to F-type ATP synthases4,5. They hydrolyse ATP to establish electrochemical proton gradients for a plethora of cellular processes1,3. In neurons, the loading of all neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles is energized by about one V-ATPase molecule per synaptic vesicle6,7. To shed light on this bona fide single-molecule biological process, we investigated electrogenic proton-pumping by single mammalian-brain V-ATPases in single synaptic vesicles. Here we show that V-ATPases do not pump continuously in time, as suggested by observing the rotation of bacterial homologues8 and assuming strict ATP-proton coupling. Instead, they stochastically switch between three ultralong-lived modes: proton-pumping, inactive and proton-leaky. Notably, direct observation of pumping revealed that physiologically relevant concentrations of ATP do not regulate the intrinsic pumping rate. ATP regulates V-ATPase activity through the switching probability of the proton-pumping mode. By contrast, electrochemical proton gradients regulate the pumping rate and the switching of the pumping and inactive modes. A direct consequence of mode-switching is all-or-none stochastic fluctuations in the electrochemical gradient of synaptic vesicles that would be expected to introduce stochasticity in proton-driven secondary active loading of neurotransmitters and may thus have important implications for neurotransmission. This work reveals and emphasizes the mechanistic and biological importance of ultraslow mode-switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Kosmidis
- Center for Geometrically Engineered Cellular Membranes, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher G Shuttle
- Center for Geometrically Engineered Cellular Membranes, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia Preobraschenski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcelo Ganzella
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter J Johnson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Salome Veshaguri
- Center for Geometrically Engineered Cellular Membranes, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novozymes A/S, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holmkvist
- Center for Geometrically Engineered Cellular Membranes, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads P Møller
- Center for Geometrically Engineered Cellular Membranes, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Orestis Marantos
- Center for Geometrically Engineered Cellular Membranes, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank Marcoline
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Grabe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jesper L Pedersen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Jahn
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Stamou
- Center for Geometrically Engineered Cellular Membranes, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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28
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Dürst CD, Wiegert JS, Schulze C, Helassa N, Török K, Oertner TG. Vesicular release probability sets the strength of individual Schaffer collateral synapses. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6126. [PMID: 36253353 PMCID: PMC9576736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Information processing in the brain is controlled by quantal release of neurotransmitters, a tightly regulated process. From ultrastructural analysis, it is known that presynaptic boutons along single axons differ in the number of vesicles docked at the active zone. It is not clear whether the probability of these vesicles to get released (pves) is homogenous or also varies between individual boutons. Here, we optically measure evoked transmitter release at individual Schaffer collateral synapses at different calcium concentrations, using the genetically encoded glutamate sensor iGluSnFR. Fitting a binomial model to measured response amplitude distributions allowed us to extract the quantal parameters N, pves, and q. We find that Schaffer collateral boutons typically release single vesicles under low pves conditions and switch to multivesicular release in high calcium saline. The potency of individual boutons is highly correlated with their vesicular release probability while the number of releasable vesicles affects synaptic output only under high pves conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline D Dürst
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Center for Neurosciences (CMU), University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Simon Wiegert
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schulze
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nordine Helassa
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Katalin Török
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Thomas G Oertner
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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29
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Tan JX, Finkel T. A phosphoinositide signalling pathway mediates rapid lysosomal repair. Nature 2022; 609:815-821. [PMID: 36071159 PMCID: PMC9450835 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal dysfunction has been increasingly linked to disease and normal ageing1,2. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), a hallmark of lysosome-related diseases, can be triggered by diverse cellular stressors3. Given the damaging contents of lysosomes, LMP must be rapidly resolved, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using an unbiased proteomic approach, we show that LMP stimulates a phosphoinositide-initiated membrane tethering and lipid transport (PITT) pathway for rapid lysosomal repair. Upon LMP, phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase type 2α (PI4K2A) accumulates rapidly on damaged lysosomes, generating high levels of the lipid messenger phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. Lysosomal phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate in turn recruits multiple oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein (ORP) family members, including ORP9, ORP10, ORP11 and OSBP, to orchestrate extensive new membrane contact sites between damaged lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. The ORPs subsequently catalyse robust endoplasmic reticulum-to-lysosome transfer of phosphatidylserine and cholesterol to support rapid lysosomal repair. Finally, the lipid transfer protein ATG2 is also recruited to damaged lysosomes where its activity is potently stimulated by phosphatidylserine. Independent of macroautophagy, ATG2 mediates rapid membrane repair through direct lysosomal lipid transfer. Together, our findings identify that the PITT pathway maintains lysosomal membrane integrity, with important implications for numerous age-related diseases characterized by impaired lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Lysosome exocytosis is required for mitosis in mammalian cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 626:211-219. [PMID: 35998546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitosis, the accurate segregation of duplicated genetic material into what will become two new daughter cells, is accompanied by extensive membrane remodelling and membrane trafficking activities. Early in mitosis, adherent cells partially detach from the substratum, round up and their surface area decreases. This likely results from an endocytic uptake of plasma membrane material. As cells enter cytokinesis they re-adhere, flatten and exhibit an associated increase in surface area. The identity of the membrane donor for this phase of mitosis remains unclear. In this paper we demonstrate how lysosomes dynamically redistribute during mitosis and exocytose. Antagonism of lysosomal exocytosis by pharmacological and genetic approaches causes mitosis failure in a significant proportion of cells. We speculate that either lysosomal membrane or luminal content release, possibly both, are therefore required for normal mitosis progression. These findings are important as they reveal a new process required for successful cell division.
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Emiliani V, Entcheva E, Hedrich R, Hegemann P, Konrad KR, Lüscher C, Mahn M, Pan ZH, Sims RR, Vierock J, Yizhar O. Optogenetics for light control of biological systems. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:55. [PMID: 37933248 PMCID: PMC10627578 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and light. Optogenetics employs natural and engineered photoreceptors, mostly of microbial origin, to be genetically introduced into the cells of interest. As a result, cells that are naturally light-insensitive can be made photosensitive and addressable by illumination and precisely controllable in time and space. The selectivity of expression and subcellular targeting in the host is enabled by applying control elements such as promoters, enhancers and specific targeting sequences to the employed photoreceptor-encoding DNA. This powerful approach allows precise characterization and manipulation of cellular functions and has motivated the development of advanced optical methods for patterned photostimulation. Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience during the past 15 years and is primed to have a similar impact in other fields, including cardiology, cell biology and plant sciences. In this Primer, we describe the principles of optogenetics, review the most commonly used optogenetic tools, illumination approaches and scientific applications and discuss the possibilities and limitations associated with optogenetic manipulations across a wide variety of optical techniques, cells, circuits and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Emiliani
- Wavefront Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai R. Konrad
- Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Lüscher
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinic of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Mahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhuo-Hua Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ruth R. Sims
- Wavefront Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Vierock
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ofer Yizhar
- Departments of Brain Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract
Optogenetic actuators enable highly precise spatiotemporal interrogation of biological processes at levels ranging from the subcellular to cells, circuits and behaving organisms. Although their application in neuroscience has traditionally focused on the control of spiking activity at the somatodendritic level, the scope of optogenetic modulators for direct manipulation of presynaptic functions is growing. Presynaptically localized opsins combined with light stimulation at the terminals allow light-mediated neurotransmitter release, presynaptic inhibition, induction of synaptic plasticity and specific manipulation of individual components of the presynaptic machinery. Here, we describe presynaptic applications of optogenetic tools in the context of the unique cell biology of axonal terminals, discuss their potential shortcomings and outline future directions for this rapidly developing research area.
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Frankenfield A, Ni J, Hao L. Characterization of Neuronal Lysosome Interactome with Proximity Labeling Proteomics. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64132. [PMID: 35815987 PMCID: PMC9997703 DOI: 10.3791/64132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes frequently communicate with a variety of biomolecules to achieve the degradation and other diverse cellular functions. Lysosomes are critical to human brain function, as neurons are postmitotic and rely heavily on the autophagy-lysosome pathway to maintain cellular homeostasis. Despite advancements in the understanding of various lysosomal functions, capturing the highly dynamic communications between lysosomes and other cellular components is technically challenging, particularly in a high-throughput fashion. Here, a detailed protocol is provided for the recently published endogenous (knock-in) lysosome proximity labeling proteomic method in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons. Both lysosomal membrane proteins and proteins surrounding lysosomes within a 10-20 nm radius can be confidently identified and accurately quantified in live human neurons. Each step of the protocol is described in detail, i.e., hiPSC-neuron culture, proximity labeling, neuron harvest, fluorescence microscopy, biotinylated protein enrichment, protein digestion, LC-MS analysis, and data analysis. In summary, this unique endogenous lysosomal proximity labeling proteomics method provides a high-throughput and robust analytical tool to study the highly dynamic lysosomal activities in live human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiawei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University;
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Gidon A, Aru J, Larkum ME. Does brain activity cause consciousness? A thought experiment. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001651. [PMID: 35687582 PMCID: PMC9187086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advances in neuroscience have provided remarkable breakthroughs in understanding the brain on many fronts. Although promising, the role of these advancements in solving the problem of consciousness is still unclear. Based on technologies conceivably within the grasp of modern neuroscience, we discuss a thought experiment in which neural activity, in the form of action potentials, is initially recorded from all the neurons in a participant's brain during a conscious experience and then played back into the same neurons. We consider whether this artificial replay can reconstitute a conscious experience. The possible outcomes of this experiment unravel hidden costs and pitfalls in understanding consciousness from the neurosciences' perspective and challenge the conventional wisdom that causally links action potentials and consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gidon
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaan Aru
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Matthew Evan Larkum
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neurocure Center for Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Petrov AM, Zakirjanova GF, Kovyazina IV, Tsentsevitsky AN, Bukharaeva EA. Adrenergic receptors control frequency-dependent switching of the exocytosis mode between "full-collapse" and "kiss-and-run" in murine motor nerve terminal. Life Sci 2022; 296:120433. [PMID: 35219696 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neurotransmitter release from the synaptic vesicles can occur through two modes of exocytosis: "full-collapse" or "kiss-and-run". Here we investigated how increasing the nerve activity and pharmacological stimulation of adrenoceptors can influence the mode of exocytosis in the motor nerve terminal. METHODS Recording of endplate potentials with intracellular microelectrodes was used to estimate acetylcholine release. A fluorescent dye FM1-43 and its quenching with sulforhodamine 101 were utilized to visualize synaptic vesicle recycling. KEY FINDINGS An increase in the frequency of stimulation led to a decrease in the rate of FM1-43 unloading despite the higher number of quanta released. High frequency activity promoted neurotransmitter release via the kiss-and-run mechanism. This was confirmed by experiments utilizing (I) FM1-43 dye quencher, that is able to pass into the synaptic vesicle via fusion pore, and (II) loading of FM1-43 by compensatory endocytosis. Noradrenaline and specific α2-adrenoreceptors agonist, dexmedetomidine, controlled the mode of synaptic vesicle recycling at high frequency activity. Their applications favored neurotransmitter release via full-collapse exocytosis rather than the kiss-and-run pathway. SIGNIFICANCE At the diaphragm neuromuscular junctions, neuronal commands are translated into contractions necessary for respiration. During stress, an increase in discharge rate of the phrenic nerve shifts the exocytosis from the full-collapse to the kiss-and-run mode. The stress-related molecule, noradrenaline, restricts neurotransmitter release in response to a high frequency activity, and prevents the shift in the mode of exocytosis through α2-adrenoceptor activation. This may be a component of the mechanism that limits overstimulation of the respiratory system during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Guzalia F Zakirjanova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina V Kovyazina
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrei N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
| | - Ellya A Bukharaeva
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
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Zhang W, Bai J, Hang K, Xu J, Zhou C, Li L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang K, Xue D. Role of Lysosomal Acidification Dysfunction in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:817877. [PMID: 35198560 PMCID: PMC8858834 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.817877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been widely used as a potential treatment for a variety of diseases. However, the contradiction between the low survival rate of transplanted cells and the beneficial therapeutic effects has affected its clinical use. Lysosomes as organelles at the center of cellular recycling and metabolic signaling, play essential roles in MSC homeostasis. In the first part of this review, we summarize the role of lysosomal acidification dysfunction in MSC senescence. In the second part, we summarize some of the potential strategies targeting lysosomal proteins to enhance the therapeutic effect of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinwu Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Hang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kanbin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Deting Xue,
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37
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Fenno LE, Levy R, Yizhar O. Molecular Optimization of Rhodopsin-Based Tools for Neuroscience Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2501:289-310. [PMID: 35857234 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2329-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is no question that genetically encoded tools have revolutionized neuroscience. These include optically modulated tools for writing-in (optogenetics) and reading-out (calcium, voltage, and neurotransmitter indicators) neural activity as well as precision expression of these reagents using virally mediated delivery. With few exceptions, these powerful approaches are derived from naturally occurring molecules that are sourced from diverse organisms that span all kingdoms of life. Successful expression of genetic tools in standard neuroscience model organisms requires optimizing gene structure, taking into account differences in both protein translation and trafficking. Myriad approaches have resolved these two challenges, resulting in order-of-magnitude increases in functional expression. In this chapter, we focus on synthesizing prior experience in successfully enabling the transition of genes across kingdoms with a goal of facilitating the production of the next generation of molecular tools for neuroscience. We then provide a detailed protocol that allows expression and testing of novel genetically encoded tools in mammalian cell lines and primary cultured neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lief E Fenno
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rivka Levy
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofer Yizhar
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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38
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Abstract
Optogenetics has revolutionized not only neuroscience but also had an impact on muscle physiology and cell biology. Rhodopsin-based optogenetics started with the discovery of the light-gated cation channels, called channelrhodopsins. Together with the light-driven ion pumps, these channels allow light-mediated control of electrically excitable cells in culture tissue and living animals. They can be activated (depolarized) or silenced (hyperpolarized) by light with incomparably high spatiotemporal resolution. Optogenetics allows the light manipulation of cells under electrode-free conditions in a minimally invasive manner. Through modern genetic techniques, virus-induced transduction can be performed with extremely high cell specificity in tissue and living animals, allowing completely new approaches for analyzing neural networks, behavior studies, and investigations of neurodegenerative diseases. First clinical trials for the optogenetic recovery of vision are underway.This chapter provides a comprehensive description of the structure and function of the different light-gated channels and some new light-activated ion pumps. Some of them already play an essential role in optogenetics while others are supposed to become important tools for more specialized applications in the future.At the moment, a large number of publications are available concerning intrinsic mechanisms of microbial rhodopsins. Mostly they describe CrChR2 and its variants, as CrChR2 is still the most prominent optogenetic tool. Therefore, many biophysically and biochemically oriented groups contributed to the overwhelming mass of information on this unique ion channel's molecular mechanism. In this context, the function of new optogenetic tools is discussed, which is essential for rational optimization of the optogenetic approach for an eventual biomedical application. The comparison of the effectivity of ion pumps versus ion channels is discussed as well.Applications of rhodopsins-based optogenetic tools are also discussed in the chapter. Because of the enormous number of these applications in neuroscience, only exemplary studies on cell culture neural tissue, muscle physiology, and remote control of animal behavior are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Alekseev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Ernst Bamberg
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Panzer S, Zhang C, Konte T, Bräuer C, Diemar A, Yogendran P, Yu-Strzelczyk J, Nagel G, Gao S, Terpitz U. Modified Rhodopsins From Aureobasidium pullulans Excel With Very High Proton-Transport Rates. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:750528. [PMID: 34790700 PMCID: PMC8591190 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.750528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aureobasidium pullulans is a black fungus that can adapt to various stressful conditions like hypersaline, acidic, and alkaline environments. The genome of A. pullulans exhibits three genes coding for putative opsins ApOps1, ApOps2, and ApOps3. We heterologously expressed these genes in mammalian cells and Xenopus oocytes. Localization in the plasma membrane was greatly improved by introducing additional membrane trafficking signals at the N-terminus and the C-terminus. In patch-clamp and two-electrode-voltage clamp experiments, all three proteins showed proton pump activity with maximal activity in green light. Among them, ApOps2 exhibited the most pronounced proton pump activity with current amplitudes occasionally extending 10 pA/pF at 0 mV. Proton pump activity was further supported in the presence of extracellular weak organic acids. Furthermore, we used site-directed mutagenesis to reshape protein functions and thereby implemented light-gated proton channels. We discuss the difference to other well-known proton pumps and the potential of these rhodopsins for optogenetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Panzer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Neurophysiology, Physiological Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tilen Konte
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Celine Bräuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anne Diemar
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Parathy Yogendran
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jing Yu-Strzelczyk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Physiological Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Nagel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Physiological Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Department of Neurophysiology, Physiological Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Terpitz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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40
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Trnka F, Hoffmann C, Wang H, Sansevrino R, Rankovic B, Rost BR, Schmitz D, Schmidt HB, Milovanovic D. Aberrant Phase Separation of FUS Leads to Lysosome Sequestering and Acidification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716919. [PMID: 34746121 PMCID: PMC8569517 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that leads to the death of upper and lower motor neurons. While most cases of ALS are sporadic, some of the familial forms of the disease are caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the RNA-binding protein FUS. Under physiological conditions, FUS readily phase separates into liquid-like droplets in vivo and in vitro. ALS-associated mutations interfere with this process and often result in solid-like aggregates rather than fluid condensates. Yet, whether cells recognize and triage aberrant condensates remains poorly understood, posing a major barrier to the development of novel ALS treatments. Using a combination of ALS-associated FUS mutations, optogenetic manipulation of FUS condensation, chemically induced stress, and pH-sensitive reporters of organelle acidity, we systematically characterized the cause-effect relationship between the material state of FUS condensates and the sequestering of lysosomes. From our data, we can derive three conclusions. First, regardless of whether we use wild-type or mutant FUS, expression levels (i.e., high concentrations) play a dominant role in determining the fraction of cells having soluble or aggregated FUS. Second, chemically induced FUS aggregates recruit LAMP1-positive structures. Third, mature, acidic lysosomes accumulate only at FUS aggregates but not at liquid-condensates. Together, our data suggest that lysosome-degradation machinery actively distinguishes between fluid and solid condensates. Unraveling these aberrant interactions and testing strategies to manipulate the autophagosome-lysosome axis provides valuable clues for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Trnka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Han Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Sansevrino
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Branislava Rankovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin R Rost
- Laboratory of Network Dysfunction, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Laboratory of Network Dysfunction, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Broder Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dragomir Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
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Triamterene induces autophagic degradation of lysosome by exacerbating lysosomal integrity. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:621-631. [PMID: 34100261 PMCID: PMC8254722 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of lysosomal integrity is essential for lysosome function and cell fate. Damaged lysosomes are degraded by lysosomal autophagy, lysophagy. The mechanism underlying lysophagy remains largely unknown; this study aimed to contribute to the understanding of this topic. A cell-based screening system was used to identify novel lysophagy modulators. Triamterene (6-phenylpteridine-2,4,7-triamine) was identified as one of the most potent lysophagy inducers from the screening process. We found that triamterene causes lysosomal rupture without affecting other cellular organelles and increases autophagy flux in HepG2 cells. Damaged lysosomes in triamterene-treated cells were removed by autophagy-mediated pathway, which was inhibited by depletion of the autophagy regulator, ATG5 or SQSTM1. In addition, treatment of triamterene decreased the integrity of lysosome and cell viability, which were rescued by removing the triamterene treatment in HepG2 cells. Hence, our data suggest that triamterene is a novel lysophagy inducer through the disruption of lysosomal integrity.
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Efficient optogenetic silencing of neurotransmitter release with a mosquito rhodopsin. Neuron 2021; 109:1621-1635.e8. [PMID: 33979634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Information is carried between brain regions through neurotransmitter release from axonal presynaptic terminals. Understanding the functional roles of defined neuronal projection pathways requires temporally precise manipulation of their activity. However, existing inhibitory optogenetic tools have low efficacy and off-target effects when applied to presynaptic terminals, while chemogenetic tools are difficult to control in space and time. Here, we show that a targeting-enhanced mosquito homolog of the vertebrate encephalopsin (eOPN3) can effectively suppress synaptic transmission through the Gi/o signaling pathway. Brief illumination of presynaptic terminals expressing eOPN3 triggers a lasting suppression of synaptic output that recovers spontaneously within minutes in vitro and in vivo. In freely moving mice, eOPN3-mediated suppression of dopaminergic nigrostriatal afferents induces a reversible ipsiversive rotational bias. We conclude that eOPN3 can be used to selectively suppress neurotransmitter release at presynaptic terminals with high spatiotemporal precision, opening new avenues for functional interrogation of long-range neuronal circuits in vivo.
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Mohany NAM, Totti A, Naylor KR, Janovjak H. Microbial methionine transporters and biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3919-3929. [PMID: 33929594 PMCID: PMC8140960 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11307-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid with commercial value in animal feed, human nutrition, and as a chemical precursor. Microbial production of Met has seen intensive investigation towards a more sustainable alternative to the chemical synthesis that currently meets the global Met demand. Indeed, efficient Met biosynthesis has been achieved in genetically modified bacteria that harbor engineered enzymes and streamlined metabolic pathways. Very recently, the export of Met as the final step during its fermentative production has been studied and optimized, primarily through identification and expression of microbial Met efflux transporters. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge on four families of Met export and import transporters that have been harnessed for the production of Met and other valuable biomolecules. These families are discussed with respect to their function, gene regulation, and biotechnological applications. We cover methods for identification and characterization of Met transporters as the basis for the further engineering of these proteins and for exploration of other solute carrier families. The available arsenal of Met transporters from different species and protein families provides blueprints not only for fermentative production but also synthetic biology systems, such as molecular sensors and cell-cell communication systems. KEY POINTS: • Sustainable production of methionine (Met) using microbes is actively explored. • Met transporters of four families increase production yield and specificity. • Further applications include other biosynthetic pathways and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Amira Mohammad Mohany
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alessandra Totti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Keith R Naylor
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton, Australia
| | - Harald Janovjak
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton, Australia.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton, Australia.
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Matamala E, Castillo C, Vivar JP, Rojas PA, Brauchi SE. Imaging the electrical activity of organelles in living cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:389. [PMID: 33758369 PMCID: PMC7988155 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are complex systems compartmentalized in membrane-bound organelles. Visualization of organellar electrical activity in living cells requires both a suitable reporter and non-invasive imaging at high spatiotemporal resolution. Here we present hVoSorg, an optical method to monitor changes in the membrane potential of subcellular membranes. This method takes advantage of a FRET pair consisting of a membrane-bound voltage-insensitive fluorescent donor and a non-fluorescent voltage-dependent acceptor that rapidly moves across the membrane in response to changes in polarity. Compared to the currently available techniques, hVoSorg has advantages including simple and precise subcellular targeting, the ability to record from individual organelles, and the potential for optical multiplexing of organellar activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Matamala
- Physiology Institute, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristian Castillo
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juan P Vivar
- Physiology Institute, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Patricio A Rojas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian E Brauchi
- Physiology Institute, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile.
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, US.
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Methods of measuring presynaptic function with fluorescence probes. Appl Microsc 2021; 51:2. [PMID: 33730244 PMCID: PMC7969681 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-021-00051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic vesicles, which are endogenous to neurotransmitters, are involved in exocytosis by active potentials and release neurotransmitters. Synaptic vesicles used in neurotransmitter release are reused via endocytosis to maintain a pool of synaptic vesicles. Synaptic vesicles show different types of exo- and endocytosis depending on animal species, type of nerve cell, and electrical activity. To accurately understand the dynamics of synaptic vesicles, direct observation of synaptic vesicles is required; however, it was difficult to observe synaptic vesicles of size 40-50 nm in living neurons. The exo-and endocytosis of synaptic vesicles was confirmed by labeling the vesicles with a fluorescent agent and measuring the changes in fluorescence intensity. To date, various methods of labeling synaptic vesicles have been proposed, and each method has its own characteristics, strength, and drawbacks. In this study, we introduce methods that can measure presynaptic activity and describe the characteristics of each technique.
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Kim NS, Wen Z, Liu J, Zhou Y, Guo Z, Xu C, Lin YT, Yoon KJ, Park J, Cho M, Kim M, Wang X, Yu H, Sakamuru S, Christian KM, Hsu KS, Xia M, Li W, Ross CA, Margolis RL, Lu XY, Song H, Ming GL. Pharmacological rescue in patient iPSC and mouse models with a rare DISC1 mutation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1398. [PMID: 33658519 PMCID: PMC7930023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a causal link between a rare patient mutation in DISC1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) and synaptic deficits in cortical neurons differentiated from isogenic patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here we find that transcripts related to phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) signaling are significantly elevated in human cortical neurons differentiated from iPSCs with the DISC1 mutation and that inhibition of PDE4 or activation of the cAMP signaling pathway functionally rescues synaptic deficits. We further generated a knock-in mouse line harboring the same patient mutation in the Disc1 gene. Heterozygous Disc1 mutant mice exhibit elevated levels of PDE4s and synaptic abnormalities in the brain, and social and cognitive behavioral deficits. Pharmacological inhibition of the PDE4 signaling pathway rescues these synaptic, social and cognitive behavioral abnormalities. Our study shows that patient-derived isogenic iPSC and humanized mouse disease models are integral and complementary for translational studies with a better understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Shik Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology, and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chongchong Xu
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology, and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ki-Jun Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyun Park
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Cho
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minji Kim
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Huimei Yu
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srilatha Sakamuru
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly M Christian
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kuei-Sen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Weidong Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Russell L Margolis
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xin-Yun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Polovitskaya MM, Barbini C, Martinelli D, Harms FL, Cole FS, Calligari P, Bocchinfuso G, Stella L, Ciolfi A, Niceta M, Rizza T, Shinawi M, Sisco K, Johannsen J, Denecke J, Carrozzo R, Wegner DJ, Kutsche K, Tartaglia M, Jentsch TJ. A Recurrent Gain-of-Function Mutation in CLCN6, Encoding the ClC-6 Cl -/H +-Exchanger, Causes Early-Onset Neurodegeneration. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1062-1077. [PMID: 33217309 PMCID: PMC7820737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the endolysosomal system is often associated with neurodegenerative disease because postmitotic neurons are particularly reliant on the elimination of intracellular aggregates. Adequate function of endosomes and lysosomes requires finely tuned luminal ion homeostasis and transmembrane ion fluxes. Endolysosomal CLC Cl-/H+ exchangers function as electric shunts for proton pumping and in luminal Cl- accumulation. We now report three unrelated children with severe neurodegenerative disease, who carry the same de novo c.1658A>G (p.Tyr553Cys) mutation in CLCN6, encoding the late endosomal Cl-/H+-exchanger ClC-6. Whereas Clcn6-/- mice have only mild neuronal lysosomal storage abnormalities, the affected individuals displayed severe developmental delay with pronounced generalized hypotonia, respiratory insufficiency, and variable neurodegeneration and diffusion restriction in cerebral peduncles, midbrain, and/or brainstem in MRI scans. The p.Tyr553Cys amino acid substitution strongly slowed ClC-6 gating and increased current amplitudes, particularly at the acidic pH of late endosomes. Transfection of ClC-6Tyr553Cys, but not ClC-6WT, generated giant LAMP1-positive vacuoles that were poorly acidified. Their generation strictly required ClC-6 ion transport, as shown by transport-deficient double mutants, and depended on Cl-/H+ exchange, as revealed by combination with the uncoupling p.Glu200Ala substitution. Transfection of either ClC-6Tyr553Cys/Glu200Ala or ClC-6Glu200Ala generated slightly enlarged vesicles, suggesting that p.Glu200Ala, previously associated with infantile spasms and microcephaly, is also pathogenic. Bafilomycin treatment abrogated vacuole generation, indicating that H+-driven Cl- accumulation osmotically drives vesicle enlargement. Our work establishes mutations in CLCN6 associated with neurological diseases, whose spectrum of clinical features depends on the differential impact of the allele on ClC-6 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M Polovitskaya
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlo Barbini
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Frederike L Harms
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Sessions Cole
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paolo Calligari
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bocchinfuso
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Rizza
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen Sisco
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessika Johannsen
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Denecke
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel J Wegner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Thomas J Jentsch
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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48
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Oldani S, Moreno-Velasquez L, Faiss L, Stumpf A, Rosenmund C, Schmitz D, Rost BR. SynaptoPAC, an optogenetic tool for induction of presynaptic plasticity. J Neurochem 2020; 156:324-336. [PMID: 33037623 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetic manipulations have transformed neuroscience in recent years. While sophisticated tools now exist for controlling the firing patterns of neurons, it remains challenging to optogenetically define the plasticity state of individual synapses. A variety of synapses in the mammalian brain express presynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) upon elevation of presynaptic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), but the molecular expression mechanisms as well as the impact of presynaptic LTP on network activity and behavior are not fully understood. In order to establish optogenetic control of presynaptic cAMP levels and thereby presynaptic potentiation, we developed synaptoPAC, a presynaptically targeted version of the photoactivated adenylyl cyclase bPAC. In cultures of hippocampal granule cells of Wistar rats, activation of synaptoPAC with blue light increased action potential-evoked transmission, an effect not seen in hippocampal cultures of non-granule cells. In acute brain slices of C57BL/6N mice, synaptoPAC activation immediately triggered a strong presynaptic potentiation at mossy fiber synapses in CA3, but not at Schaffer collateral synapses in CA1. Following light-triggered potentiation, mossy fiber transmission decreased within 20 min, but remained enhanced still after 30 min. The optogenetic potentiation altered the short-term plasticity dynamics of release, reminiscent of presynaptic LTP. Our work establishes synaptoPAC as an optogenetic tool that enables acute light-controlled potentiation of transmitter release at specific synapses in the brain, facilitating studies of the role of presynaptic potentiation in network function and animal behavior in an unprecedented manner. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 270.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Oldani
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Moreno-Velasquez
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Faiss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Stumpf
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Delbruck-Centrum (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin R Rost
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
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49
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Cancer and pH Dynamics: Transcriptional Regulation, Proteostasis, and the Need for New Molecular Tools. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102760. [PMID: 32992762 PMCID: PMC7601256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging hallmark of cancer cells is dysregulated pH dynamics. Recent work has suggested that dysregulated intracellular pH (pHi) dynamics enable diverse cancer cellular behaviors at the population level, including cell proliferation, cell migration and metastasis, evasion of apoptosis, and metabolic adaptation. However, the molecular mechanisms driving pH-dependent cancer-associated cell behaviors are largely unknown. In this review article, we explore recent literature suggesting pHi dynamics may play a causative role in regulating or reinforcing tumorigenic transcriptional and proteostatic changes at the molecular level, and discuss outcomes on tumorigenesis and tumor heterogeneity. Most of the data we discuss are population-level analyses; lack of single-cell data is driven by a lack of tools to experimentally change pHi with spatiotemporal control. Data is also sparse on how pHi dynamics play out in complex in vivo microenvironments. To address this need, at the end of this review, we cover recent advances for live-cell pHi measurement at single-cell resolution. We also discuss the essential role for tool development in revealing mechanisms by which pHi dynamics drive tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis.
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50
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Baumer Y, Dey AK, Gutierrez-Huerta CA, Khalil NO, Sekine Y, Sanda GE, Zhuang J, Saxena A, Stempinski E, Elnabawi YA, Dagur PK, Ng Q, Teague HL, Keel A, Rodante JA, Boisvert WA, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Bleck CKE, Chen MY, Bluemke DA, Gelfand JM, Schwartz DM, Kruth HS, Powell-Wiley TM, Playford MP, Mehta NN. Hyperlipidaemia and IFNgamma/TNFalpha Synergism are associated with cholesterol crystal formation in Endothelial cells partly through modulation of Lysosomal pH and Cholesterol homeostasis. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102876. [PMID: 32646751 PMCID: PMC7502673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients with chronic inflammation diseases have high levels of inflammation and early fatal myocardial infarction due to early, unstable coronary plaques. Cholesterol crystals (CC) play a key role in atherogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms of endothelial cell (EC)-derived CC formation are not well understood in chronic inflammation. METHODS We utilized a combination of a mouse psoriasis model (K14-Rac1V12 mouse model) and human psoriasis patients to study the effect of inflammatory cytokines on CC formation in ECs. Lysosomal pH, alterations in lipid load and inflammatory proteins were evaluated as potential mechanisms linking inflammatory cytokines to CC formation. Coronary CT angiography was performed (n = 224) to characterize potential IFNγ and TNFα synergism on vascular diseases in vivo. FINDINGS We detected CC presence in the aorta of K14-Rac1V12 mice on chow diet. IFNγ and TNFα were found to synergistically increase LDL-induced CC formation by almost 2-fold. There was an increase in lysosomal pH accompanied by a 28% loss in pH-dependent lysosomal signal and altered vATPaseV1E1 expression patterns. In parallel, we found that LDL+IFNγ/TNFα treatments increased free cholesterol content within EC and led to a decrease in SOAT-1 expression, an enzyme critically involved cholesterol homeostasis. Finally, the product of IFNγ and TNFα positively associated with early non-calcified coronary burden in patients with psoriasis (n = 224; β = 0.28, p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION Our results provide evidence that IFNγ and TNFα accelerate CC formation in endothelial cells in part by altering lysosomal pH and free cholesterol load. These changes promote early atherogenesis and contribute to understanding the burden of CVD in psoriasis. FUNDING Funding was provided by the Intramural Research Program at NIH (NNM) and the National Psoriasis Foundation (NNM and YB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Baumer
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amit K Dey
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cristhian A Gutierrez-Huerta
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Noor O Khalil
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yusuke Sekine
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gregory E Sanda
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Cardiovascular and Cancer Genetics Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ankit Saxena
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erin Stempinski
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Youssef A Elnabawi
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pradeep K Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qimin Ng
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heather L Teague
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Keel
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Justin A Rodante
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William A Boisvert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1301 E. Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1301 E. Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher K E Bleck
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcus Y Chen
- Section of Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David A Bluemke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Joel M Gelfand
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Howard S Kruth
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin P Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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