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Li Y, Xu X, Wu X, Li J, Chen S, Chen D, Li G, Tang Z. Cell polarization in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and advances. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:632-645. [PMID: 38886930 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as 'cell polarization.' There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations (microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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2
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Gan YL, Lin WJ, Fang YC, Tang CY, Lee YH, Jeng CJ. FKBP51 is involved in LPS-induced microglial activation via NF-κB signaling to mediate neuroinflammation. Life Sci 2024; 351:122867. [PMID: 38914303 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS FKBP5 encodes FKBP51, which has been implicated in stress-related psychiatric disorders, and its expression is often increased under chronic stress, contributing to mental dysfunctions. However, the precise role of FKBP51 in brain inflammation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of FKBP51 in microglia-mediated inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. MAIN METHODS We employed a peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration model to compare microglial activation and cytokine gene expression between Fkbp5 knockout (Fkbp5-KO) and wild-type (WT) male mice. Additionally, we used both BV2 and primary microglia in vitro to examine how Fkbp5 deletion influenced inflammation-related pathways and microglial functions. KEY FINDINGS This study revealed that systemic LPS-induced microglial activation was significantly attenuated in Fkbp5-KO mice compared with WT mice. In Fkbp5-KO mice following the LPS challenge, there was a notable decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, coupled with an increase in the anti-inflammatory gene Arg1. Furthermore, Fkbp5 knockdown in BV2 microglial cells led to reduced expression of LPS-induced inflammatory markers, and targeted inhibition of NF-κB activation, while Akt signaling remained unaffected. Similar results were observed in Fkbp5-KO primary microglia, which exhibited not only decreased microglial activation but also a significant reduction in phagocytic activity in response to LPS stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the critical role of FKBP51 in LPS-induced microglial activation and neuroinflammation. It shows that reducing FKBP51 levels attenuates inflammation through NF-κB signaling in microglia. This suggests that FKBP51 is a potential target for alleviating neuroinflammation-induced stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Gan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jung Lin
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Fang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Tang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Jiuan Jeng
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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Ma C, Gou C, Sun S, Wang J, Wei X, Xing F, Xing N, Yuan J, Wang Z. Unraveling the molecular complexity: Wtap/Ythdf1 and Lcn2 in novel traumatic brain injury secondary injury mechanisms. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:65. [PMID: 39110292 PMCID: PMC11306654 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The primary aim of this research was to explore the functions of Wtap and Ythdf1 in regulating neuronal Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) through m6A modification in traumatic brain injury (TBI). By employing transcriptome sequencing and enrichment analysis, we identified the Wtap/Ythdf1-mediated Lcn2 m6A modification pathway as crucial in TBI. In our in vitro experiments using primary cortical neurons, knockout of Wtap and Ythdf1 led to the inhibition of Lcn2 m6A modification, resulting in reduced neuronal death and inflammation. Furthermore, overexpression of Lcn2 in cortical neurons induced the activation of reactive astrocytes and M1-like microglial cells, causing neuronal apoptosis. In vivo experiments confirmed the activation of reactive astrocytes and microglial cells in TBI and importantly demonstrated that Wtap knockdown improved neuroinflammation and functional impairment. These findings underscore the significance of Wtap/Ythdf1-mediated Lcn2 regulation in TBI secondary injury and suggest potential therapeutic implications for combating TBI-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Caili Gou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Department of Human Anatomy Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Zhang M, Liang C, Chen X, Cai Y, Cui L. Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1718-1727. [PMID: 38103237 PMCID: PMC10960290 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, among the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. At present, the Alzheimer's disease main risk remains genetic risks, but major environmental factors are increasingly shown to impact Alzheimer's disease development and progression. Microglia, the most important brain immune cells, play a central role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered environmental and lifestyle "sensors." Factors like environmental pollution and modern lifestyles (e.g., chronic stress, poor dietary habits, sleep, and circadian rhythm disorders) can cause neuroinflammatory responses that lead to cognitive impairment via microglial functioning and phenotypic regulation. However, the specific mechanisms underlying interactions among these factors and microglia in Alzheimer's disease are unclear. Herein, we: discuss the biological effects of air pollution, chronic stress, gut microbiota, sleep patterns, physical exercise, cigarette smoking, and caffeine consumption on microglia; consider how unhealthy lifestyle factors influence individual susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease; and present the neuroprotective effects of a healthy lifestyle. Toward intervening and controlling these environmental risk factors at an early Alzheimer's disease stage, understanding the role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease development, and targeting strategies to target microglia, could be essential to future Alzheimer's disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoping Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiongjin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhou H, Liu Y, Zhou T, Yang Z, Ni B, Zhou Y, Xu H, Lin X, Lin S, He C, Liu X. IL-23 Priming Enhances the Neuroprotective Effects of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Treating Retinal Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:8. [PMID: 39102262 PMCID: PMC11309046 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.10.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neuroinflammation is a characteristic feature of neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exo) have shown neuroprotective effects through immunoregulation, but the therapeutic efficacy remains unsatisfactory. This study aims to enhance the neuroprotective capacity of MSC-exo through IL-23 priming for treating retinal degeneration in mice. Methods MSC were primed with IL-23 stimulation in vitro, and subsequently, exosomes (MSC-exo and IL-23-MSC-exo) were isolated and characterized. Two retinal degenerative disease models (NaIO3-induced mice and rd10 mice) received intravitreal injections of these exosomes. The efficacy of exosomes was assessed by examining retinal structural and functional recovery. Furthermore, exosomal microRNA (miRNA) sequencing was conducted, and the effects of exosomes on the M1 and M2 microglial phenotype shift were evaluated. Results IL-23-primed MSC-derived exosomes (IL-23-MSC-exo) exhibited enhanced capability in protecting photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells against degenerative damage and fostering the restoration of retinal neural function in both NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration mice and rd10 mice when compared with MSC-exo. The exosomal miRNA suppression via Drosha knockdown in IL-23-primed MSC would abolish the neuroprotective role of IL-23-MSC-exo, highlighting the miRNA-dependent mechanism. Bioinformatic analysis, along with further in vivo biological studies, revealed that IL-23 priming induced a set of anti-inflammatory miRNAs in MSC-exo, prompting the transition of M1 to M2 microglial polarization. Conclusions IL-23 priming presents as a potential avenue for amplifying the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects of MSC-exo in treating retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiya Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Yan L, Wang J, Cai X, Liou Y, Shen H, Hao J, Huang C, Luo G, He W. Macrophage plasticity: signaling pathways, tissue repair, and regeneration. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e658. [PMID: 39092292 PMCID: PMC11292402 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile immune cells with remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt to diverse tissue microenvironments and perform various functions. Traditionally categorized into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes, recent advances have revealed a spectrum of macrophage activation states that extend beyond this dichotomy. The complex interplay of signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, and epigenetic modifications orchestrates macrophage polarization, allowing them to respond to various stimuli dynamically. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the signaling cascades governing macrophage plasticity, focusing on the roles of Toll-like receptors, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, nuclear receptors, and microRNAs. We also discuss the emerging concepts of macrophage metabolic reprogramming and trained immunity, contributing to their functional adaptability. Macrophage plasticity plays a pivotal role in tissue repair and regeneration, with macrophages coordinating inflammation, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling to restore tissue homeostasis. By harnessing the potential of macrophage plasticity, novel therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage polarization could be developed for various diseases, including chronic wounds, fibrotic disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning macrophage plasticity will pave the way for innovative regenerative medicine and tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Yan
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
| | - Xin Cai
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
| | - Yih‐Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Han‐Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacauChina
| | - Jianlei Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and TreatmentZhuhai Institute of Translational MedicineZhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University)Jinan UniversityZhuhaiGuangdongChina
- The Biomedical Translational Research InstituteFaculty of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospitaland West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
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7
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Cai P, Li W, Xu Y, Wang H. Drp1 and neuroinflammation: Deciphering the interplay between mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 198:106561. [PMID: 38857809 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are closely intertwined with the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Recent studies have elucidated profound alterations in mitochondrial dynamics across a spectrum of neurological disorders. Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) emerges as a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial fission, with its dysregulation disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis and fueling neuroinflammation, thereby exacerbating disease severity. In addition to its role in mitochondrial dynamics, DRP1 plays a crucial role in modulating inflammation-related pathways. This review synthesizes important functions of DRP1 in the central nervous system (CNS) and the impact of epigenetic modification on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The intricate interplay between neuroinflammation and DRP1 in microglia and astrocytes, central contributors to neuroinflammation, is expounded upon. Furthermore, the use of DRP1 inhibitors to influence the activation of microglia and astrocytes, as well as their involvement in processes such as mitophagy, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and calcium ion transport in CNS-mediated neuroinflammation, is scrutinized. The modulation of microglia to astrocyte crosstalk by DRP1 and its role in inflammatory neurodegeneration is also highlighted. Overall, targeting DRP1 presents a promising avenue for ameliorating neuroinflammation and enhancing the therapeutic management of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wuhao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ye Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China..
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8
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Sypek EI, Tassou A, Collins HY, Huang K, McCallum WM, Bourdillon AT, Barres BA, Bohlen CJ, Scherrer G. Diversity of microglial transcriptional responses during opioid exposure and neuropathic pain. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00672. [PMID: 39073407 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Microglia take on an altered morphology during chronic opioid treatment. This morphological change is broadly used to identify the activated microglial state associated with opioid side effects, including tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). Microglia display similar morphological responses in the spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Consistent with this observation, functional studies have suggested that microglia activated by opioids or PNI engage common molecular mechanisms to induce hypersensitivity. In this article, we conducted deep RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and morphological analysis of spinal cord microglia in male mice to comprehensively interrogate transcriptional states and mechanistic commonality between multiple models of OIH and PNI. After PNI, we identify an early proliferative transcriptional event across models that precedes the upregulation of histological markers of microglial activation. However, we found no proliferative transcriptional response associated with opioid-induced microglial activation, consistent with histological data, indicating that the number of microglia remains stable during morphine treatment, whereas their morphological response differs from PNI models. Collectively, these results establish the diversity of pain-associated microglial transcriptomic responses and point towards the targeting of distinct insult-specific microglial responses to treat OIH, PNI, or other central nervous system pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I Sypek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford University Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Adrien Tassou
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Hannah Y Collins
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States. Bohlen is now with the Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Karen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - William M McCallum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Ben A Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States. Bohlen is now with the Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J Bohlen
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States. Bohlen is now with the Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- New York Stem Cell Foundation-Robertson Investigator Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Pramanik S, Devi M H, Chakrabarty S, Paylar B, Pradhan A, Thaker M, Ayyadhury S, Manavalan A, Olsson PE, Pramanik G, Heese K. Microglia signaling in health and disease - Implications in sex-specific brain development and plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 165:105834. [PMID: 39084583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the intrinsic neuroimmune cells residing in the central nervous system (CNS), exert a pivotal influence on brain development, homeostasis, and functionality, encompassing critical roles during both aging and pathological states. Recent advancements in comprehending brain plasticity and functions have spotlighted conspicuous variances between male and female brains, notably in neurogenesis, neuronal myelination, axon fasciculation, and synaptogenesis. Nevertheless, the precise impact of microglia on sex-specific brain cell plasticity, sculpting diverse neural network architectures and circuits, remains largely unexplored. This article seeks to unravel the present understanding of microglial involvement in brain development, plasticity, and function, with a specific emphasis on microglial signaling in brain sex polymorphism. Commencing with an overview of microglia in the CNS and their associated signaling cascades, we subsequently probe recent revelations regarding molecular signaling by microglia in sex-dependent brain developmental plasticity, functions, and diseases. Notably, C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), calcium (Ca2+), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) emerge as molecular candidates significantly contributing to sex-dependent brain development and plasticity. In conclusion, we address burgeoning inquiries surrounding microglia's pivotal role in the functional diversity of developing and aging brains, contemplating their potential implications for gender-tailored therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Harini Devi M
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Saswata Chakrabarty
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Berkay Paylar
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Manisha Thaker
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Inc., 2425 New Holland Pike, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA
| | - Shamini Ayyadhury
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Arulmani Manavalan
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Gopal Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India.
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133791, the Republic of Korea.
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Nuszkiewicz J, Kukulska-Pawluczuk B, Piec K, Jarek DJ, Motolko K, Szewczyk-Golec K, Woźniak A. Intersecting Pathways: The Role of Metabolic Dysregulation, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, and Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis and Outcomes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4258. [PMID: 39064298 PMCID: PMC11278353 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, driven by complex and multifaceted etiological factors. Metabolic dysregulation, gastrointestinal microbiome alterations, and systemic inflammation are emerging as significant contributors to AIS pathogenesis. This review addresses the critical need to understand how these factors interact to influence AIS risk and outcomes. We aim to elucidate the roles of dysregulated adipokines in obesity, the impact of gut microbiota disruptions, and the neuroinflammatory cascade initiated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in AIS. Dysregulated adipokines in obesity exacerbate inflammatory responses, increasing AIS risk and severity. Disruptions in the gut microbiota and subsequent LPS-induced neuroinflammation further link systemic inflammation to AIS. Advances in neuroimaging and biomarker development have improved diagnostic precision. Here, we highlight the need for a multifaceted approach to AIS management, integrating metabolic, microbiota, and inflammatory insights. Potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways could significantly improve AIS prevention and treatment. Future research should focus on further elucidating these pathways and developing targeted interventions to mitigate the impacts of metabolic dysregulation, microbiome imbalances, and inflammation on AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Beata Kukulska-Pawluczuk
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowskiej—Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.-P.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Piec
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowskiej—Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.-P.); (K.P.)
| | - Dorian Julian Jarek
- Student Research Club of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Karina Motolko
- Student Research Club of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowskiej—Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Sakthivel PS, Scipioni L, Karam J, Keulen Z, Blurton-Jones M, Gratton E, Anderson AJ. Organelle phenotyping and multi-dimensional microscopy identify C1q as a novel regulator of microglial function. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39018376 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system, are dynamic and heterogenous cells. While single cell RNA sequencing has become the conventional methodology for evaluating microglial state, transcriptomics do not provide insight into functional changes, identifying a critical gap in the field. Here, we propose a novel organelle phenotyping approach in which we treat live human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia (iMGL) with organelle dyes staining mitochondria, lipids, lysosomes and acquire data by live-cell spectral microscopy. Dimensionality reduction techniques and unbiased cluster identification allow for recognition of microglial subpopulations with single-cell resolution based on organelle function. We validated this methodology using lipopolysaccharide and IL-10 treatment to polarize iMGL to an "inflammatory" and "anti-inflammatory" state, respectively, and then applied it to identify a novel regulator of iMGL function, complement protein C1q. While C1q is traditionally known as the initiator of the complement cascade, here we use organelle phenotyping to identify a role for C1q in regulating iMGL polarization via fatty acid storage and mitochondria membrane potential. Follow up evaluation of microglia using traditional read outs of activation state confirm that C1q drives an increase in microglia pro-inflammatory gene production and migration, while suppressing microglial proliferation. These data together validate the use of a novel organelle phenotyping approach and enable better mechanistic investigation of molecular regulators of microglial state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja S Sakthivel
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lorenzo Scipioni
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Josh Karam
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Zahara Keulen
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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12
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Cheng W, Wang Y, Cheng C, Chen X, Zhang L, Huang W. Single-cell RNA Sequencing Identifies a Novel Subtype of Microglia with High Cd74 Expression that Facilitates White Matter Inflammation During Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04206-9. [PMID: 39012534 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) causes progressive cognitive decline in the elderly population, but there is short of available therapeutic measures. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is vigorously involved in the pathogenesis of VaD, but the traditional classification of microglial M1/M2 phenotypes remains restrictive and controversial. This study aims to investigate whether microglia transform into novel subtypes in VaD. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rat model was constructed to mimic VaD. Microglia were isolated via magnetic-activated cell sorting and analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bioinformatics. The findings inferred from scRNA-seq and bioinformatics were further validated through in vivo experiments. In this study, microglia were divided into eight clusters. The proportion of MG5 cluster was significantly increased in the white matter of the CCH group compared with the Sham group and was named chronic ischemia-associated microglia (CIAM). Immunity- and inflammation-related genes, including RT1-Db1, RT1-Da, RT1-Ba, Cd74, Spp1, C3, and Cd68, were markedly upregulated in CIAM. Enrichment analysis illustrated that CIAM possessed the function of evoking neuroinflammation. Further studies unveiled that Cd74 is associated with the most abundant GO terms involved in inflammation as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition, microglia-specific Cd74 knockdown mediated by adeno-associated virus decreased the abundance of CIAM in the white matter, thereby mitigating inflammatory cytokine levels, alleviating white matter lesions, and improving cognitive impairment for CCH rats. These findings indicate that Cd74 is the core molecule of CIAM to trigger neuroinflammation and induce microglial differentiation to CIAM, suggesting that Cd74 may be a potential therapeutic target for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Amelimojarad M, Amelimojarad M, Cui X. The emerging role of brain neuroinflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1391517. [PMID: 39021707 PMCID: PMC11253199 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1391517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most common cause of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neurodegeneration and synaptic loss with an increasing prevalence in the elderly. Increased inflammatory responses triggers brain cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and accelerates the Aβ accumulation, tau protein hyper-phosphorylation leading to neurodegeneration. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss the current understanding of how inflammation affects brain activity to induce AD pathology, the inflammatory biomarkers and possible therapies that combat inflammation for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaonan Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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14
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Schild H, Bopp T. [Immunological foundations of neurological diseases]. DER NERVENARZT 2024:10.1007/s00115-024-01696-4. [PMID: 38953921 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases represent an increasing challenge in ageing societies, as only limited treatment options are currently available. OBJECTIVE New research methods and interdisciplinary interaction of different disciplines have changed the way neurological disorders are viewed and paved the way for the comparatively new field of neuroimmunology, which was established in the early 1980s. Starting from neurological autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, knowledge about the involvement of immunological processes in other contexts, such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, has been significantly expanded in recent years. MATERIAL AND METHODS This review article provides an overview of the role of the immune system and the resulting potential for novel treatment approaches. RESULTS The immune system plays a central role in fighting infections but is also able to react to the body's own signals under sterile conditions and cause inflammation and subsequent adaptive immune responses through the release of immune mediators and the recruitment and differentiation of certain immune cell types. This can be beneficial in initiating healing processes; however, chronic inflammatory conditions usually have destructive consequences for the tissue and the organism and must be interrupted. CONCLUSION It is now known that different cells of the immune system play an important role in neurological diseases. Regulatory mechanisms, which are mediated by regulatory T cells or Th2 cells, are usually associated with a good prognosis, whereas inflammatory processes and polarization towards Th1 or Th17 have a destructive character. Novel immunomodulators, which are also increasingly being used in cancer treatment, can now be used in a tissue-specific manner and therefore offer great potential for use in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansjörg Schild
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland.
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Bridge S, Karagiannis SN, Borsini A. The complex role of the chemokine CX3CL1/Fractalkine in major depressive disorder: A narrative review of preclinical and clinical studies. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100778. [PMID: 38706575 PMCID: PMC11070239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that neuroinflammation exhibits a dual role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), both potentiating the onset of depressive symptoms and developing as a consequence of them. Our narrative review focuses on the role of the chemokine fractalkine (FKN) (also known as CX3CL1), which has gained increasing interest for its ability to induce changes to microglial phenotypes through interaction with its corresponding receptor (CX3CR1) that may impact neurophysiological processes relevant to MDD. Despite this, there is a lack of a clear understanding of the role of FKN in MDD. Overall, our review of the literature shows the involvement of FKN in MDD, both in preclinical models of depression, and in clinical studies of depressed patients. Preclinical studies (N = 8) seem to point towards two alternative hypotheses for FKN's role in MDD: a) FKN may drive pro-inflammatory changes to microglia that contribute towards MDD pathogenesis; or b) FKN may inhibit pro-inflammatory changes to microglia, thereby exerting a protective effect against MDD pathogenesis. Evidence for a) primarily derives from preclinical chronic stress models of depression in mice, whereas for b) from preclinical inflammation models of depression. Whereas, in humans, clinical studies (N = 4) consistently showed a positive association between FKN and presence of MDD, however it is not clear whether FKN is driving or moderating MDD pathogenesis. Future studies should aim for larger and more controlled clinical cohorts, in order to advance our understanding of FKN role both in the context of stress and/or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bridge
- Guy's King's and St Thomas' School of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Chen K, Wei X, Zhang W, Wang R, Wang Y, Yang L. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 derived from the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with postherpetic neuralgia induces allodynia via the crosstalk between microglia and astrocyte. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:836-850. [PMID: 38735405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) possesses the capability to trigger glial activation and inflammation, yet the specific changes in its composition remain unclear. Recent findings from our research indicate elevations of central bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) during neuropathic pain (NP), serving as an independent modulator of glial cells. Herein, the aim of the present study is to test the CSF-BMP4 expressions and its role in the glial modulation in the process of PHN. METHODS CSF samples were collected from both PHN patients and non-painful individuals (Control) to assess BMP4 and its antagonist Noggin levels. Besides, intrathecal administration of both CSF types was conducted in normal rats to evaluate the impact on pain behavior, glial activity, and inflammation.; Additionally, both Noggin and STAT3 antagonist-Stattic were employed to treat the PHN-CSF or exogenous BMP4 challenged cultured astrocytes to explore downstream signals. Finally, microglial depletion was performed prior to the PHN-CSF intervention so as to elucidate the microglia-astrocyte crosstalk. RESULTS BMP4 levels were significantly higher in PHN-CSF compared to Control-CSF (P < 0.001), with a positive correlation with pain duration (P < 0.05, r = 0.502). Comparing with the Control-CSF producing moderate paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) decline and microglial activation, PHN-CSF further exacerbated allodynia and triggered both microglial and astrocytic activation (P < 0.05). Moreover, PHN-CSF rather than Control-CSF evoked microglial proliferation and pro-inflammatory transformation, reinforced iron storage, and activated astrocytes possibly through both SMAD159 and STAT3 signaling, which were all mitigated by the Noggin application (P < 0.05). Next, both Noggin and Stattic effectively attenuated BMP4-induced GFAP and IL-6 upregulation, as well as SMAD159 and STAT3 phosphorylation in the cultured astrocytes (P < 0.05). Finally, microglial depletion diminished PHN-CSF induced astrogliosis, inflammation and endogenous BMP4 expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study highlights the role of CSF-BMP4 elevation in glial activation and allodynia during PHN, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pain Management, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaojin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pain Management, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of the Laboratory, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Bourns Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pain Management, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pain Management, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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17
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Wang HC, Yang W, Xu L, Han YH, Lin Y, Lu CT, Kim K, Zhao YZ, Yu XC. BV2 Membrane-Coated PEGylated-Liposomes Delivered hFGF21 to Cortical and Hippocampal Microglia for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400125. [PMID: 38513154 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Microglia-mediated inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas human fibroblast growth factor 21 (hFGF21) has demonstrated the ability to regulate microglia activation in Parkinson's disease, indicating a potential therapeutic role in AD. However, challenges such as aggregation, rapid inactivation, and the blood-brain barrier hinder its effectiveness in treating AD. This study develops targeted delivery of hFGF21 to activated microglia using BV2 cell membrane-coated PEGylated liposomes (hFGF21@BCM-LIP), preserving the bioactivity of hFGF21. In vitro, hFGF21@BCM-LIP specifically targets Aβ1-42-induced BV2 cells, with uptake hindered by anti-VCAM-1 antibody, indicating the importance of VCAM-1 and integrin α4/β1 interaction in targeted delivery to BV2 cells. In vivo, following subcutaneous injection near the lymph nodes of the neck, hFGF21@BCM-LIP diffuses into lymph nodes and distributes along the meningeal lymphatic vasculature and brain parenchyma in amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42)-induced mice. Furthermore, the administration of hFGF21@BCM-LIP to activated microglia improves cognitive deficits caused by Aβ1-42 and reduces levels of tau, p-Tau, and BACE1. It also decreases interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release while increasing interleukin-10 (IL-10) release both in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that hFGF21@BCM-LIP can be a promising treatment for AD, by effectively crossing the blood-brain barrier and targeting delivery to brain microglia via the neck-meningeal lymphatic vasculature-brain parenchyma pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Cai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Yong-Hui Han
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325101, China
| | - Yi Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Cui-Tao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315302, China
| | - Xi-Chong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
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AmeliMojarad M, AmeliMojarad M. The neuroinflammatory role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease and their associated therapeutic targets. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14856. [PMID: 39031970 PMCID: PMC11259573 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main cause of dementia, is characterized by synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain are considered to be the initiating factors of AD. However, this hypothesis falls short of explaining many aspects of AD pathogenesis. Recently, there has been mounting evidence that neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of AD and causes neurodegeneration by over-activating microglia and releasing inflammatory mediators. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and MEDLINE were used for searching and summarizing all the recent publications related to inflammation and its association with Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS Our review shows how inflammatory dysregulation influences AD pathology as well as the roles of microglia in neuroinflammation, the possible microglia-associated therapeutic targets, top neuroinflammatory biomarkers, and anti-inflammatory drugs that combat inflammation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, microglial inflammatory reactions are important factors in AD pathogenesis and need to be discussed in more detail for promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika AmeliMojarad
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental BiotechnologyNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyTehranIran
| | - Mandana AmeliMojarad
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental BiotechnologyNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyTehranIran
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Thomas SD, Abdalla S, Eissa N, Akour A, Jha NK, Ojha S, Sadek B. Targeting Microglia in Neuroinflammation: H3 Receptor Antagonists as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:831. [PMID: 39065682 PMCID: PMC11279978 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Histamine performs dual roles as an immune regulator and a neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. The histaminergic system plays a vital role in the regulation of wakefulness, cognition, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis that are substantially disrupted in various neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists and inverse agonists potentiate the endogenous release of brain histamine and have been shown to enhance cognitive abilities in animal models of several brain disorders. Microglial activation and subsequent neuroinflammation are implicated in impacting embryonic and adult neurogenesis, contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Acknowledging the importance of microglia in both neuroinflammation and neurodevelopment, as well as their regulation by histamine, offers an intriguing therapeutic target for these disorders. The inhibition of brain H3Rs has been found to facilitate a shift from a proinflammatory M1 state to an anti-inflammatory M2 state, leading to a reduction in the activity of microglial cells. Also, pharmacological studies have demonstrated that H3R antagonists showed positive effects by reducing the proinflammatory biomarkers, suggesting their potential role in simultaneously modulating crucial brain neurotransmissions and signaling cascades such as the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. In this review, we highlight the potential therapeutic role of the H3R antagonists in addressing the pathology and cognitive decline in brain disorders, e.g., AD, PD, and ASD, with an inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Deepa Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.D.T.); (S.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 1551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabna Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.D.T.); (S.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 1551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.D.T.); (S.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 1551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.D.T.); (S.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 1551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.D.T.); (S.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 1551, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Cerdeira CD, Brigagão MRPL. Targeting Macrophage Polarization in Infectious Diseases: M1/M2 Functional Profiles, Immune Signaling and Microbial Virulence Factors. Immunol Invest 2024:1-62. [PMID: 38913937 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2367682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An event of increasing interest during host-pathogen interactions is the polarization of patrolling/naive monocytes (MOs) into macrophage subsets (MФs). Therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating this event are under investigation. METHODS This review focuses on the mechanisms of induction/development and profile of MФs polarized toward classically proinflammatory (M1) or alternatively anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes in response to bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It highlights nuclear, cytoplasmic, and cell surface receptors (pattern recognition receptors/PPRs), microenvironmental mediators, and immune signaling. MФs polarize into phenotypes: M1 MФs, activated by IFN-γ, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, e.g. lipopolysaccharide) and membrane-bound PPRs ligands (TLRs/CLRs ligands); or M2 MФs, induced by interleukins (ILs-4, -10 and -13), antigen-antibody complexes, and helminth PAMPs. Polarization toward M1 and M2 profiles evolve in a pathogen-specific manner, with or without canonicity, and can vary widely. Ultimately, this can result in varying degrees of host protection or more severe disease outcome. On the one hand, the host is driving effective MФs polarization (M1 or M2); but on the other hand, microorganisms may skew the polarization through virulence factors to increase pathogenicity. Cellular/genomic reprogramming also ensures plasticity of M1/M2 phenotypes. Because modulation of polarization can occur at multiple points, new insights and emerging perspectives may have clinical implications during the inflammation-to-resolution transition; translated into practical applications as for therapeutic/vaccine design target to boost microbicidal response (M1, e.g. triggering oxidative burst) with specifics PAMPs/IFN-γ or promote tissue repair (M2, increasing arginase activity) via immunotherapy.
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Maurya SK, Borgonovo JE, Biswal S, Martínez-Cerdeño V, Mishra R, Muñoz EM. Editorial: Trends in neuroimmunology: cross-talk between brain-resident and peripheral immune cells in both health and disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1442322. [PMID: 39026666 PMCID: PMC11256089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1442322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank K. Maurya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Janina E. Borgonovo
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Suryanarayan Biswal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children of Northern California, and MIND Institute at the UC Davis Medical Center, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Rajnikant Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Estela M. Muñoz
- Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza (IHEM), National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
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22
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Cao XY, Liu Y, Kan JS, Huang XX, Kambey PA, Zhang CT, Gao J. Microglial SIX2 suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation by up-regulating FXYD2 expression. Brain Res Bull 2024; 212:110970. [PMID: 38688414 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease associated with the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Although its pathogenesis remains unclear, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation significantly contributes to the development of PD. Here we showed that the sine oculis homeobox (SIX) homologue family transcription factors SIX2 exerted significant effects on neuroinflammation. The SIX2 protein, which is silenced during development, was reactivated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated microglia. The reactivated SIX2 in microglia mitigated the LPS induced inflammatory effects, and then reduced the toxic effect of conditioned media (CM) of microglia on co-cultured MES23.5 DA cells. Using the LPS-stimulated Cx3cr1-CreERT2 mouse model, we also demonstrated that the highly-expressed SIX2 in microglia obviously attenuated neuroinflammation and protected the DA neurons in SN. Further RNA-Seq analysis on the inflammatory activated microglia revealed that the SIX2 exerted these effects via up-regulating the FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 2 (FXYD2). Taken together, our study demonstrated that SIX2 was an endogenous anti-inflammatory factor in microglia, and it exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effects by regulating the expression of FXYD2, which provides new ideas for anti-neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Yin Cao
- Department of Neurobiology and Cellular biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Cellular biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jia-Shuo Kan
- Department of Neurobiology and Cellular biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xin-Xing Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and Cellular biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Department of Neurobiology and Cellular biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Can-Tang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Cellular biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
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23
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Suzuki M, Sato I, Sato M, Iwasaki H, Saito T, Kimura M, Sako K, Maeda T, Haniu H, Tsukahara T, Matsuda Y. Pork Liver Decomposition Product May Improve Frontal Lobe Function in Humans-Open Trial. Brain Sci 2024; 14:586. [PMID: 38928586 PMCID: PMC11201879 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine Liver Decomposition Product (PLDP) was obtained by treating pig liver homogenate with protease and filling it into capsules. We have already confirmed from three clinical trials that PLDP enhances visual memory and delays memory recall, and we believe that its activity is due to various phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC). In this study, we clinically evaluated PLDP for depressive symptoms caused by a decline in cognitive function. This clinical trial was conducted using the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R). The HDS-R (maximum score is 30 points) is a test similar to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which is commonly used in Japan. Dementia is suspected if the score falls below 20 on the HDS-R. Additionally, in a previous clinical trial, there was no change in scores in the placebo group after three doses of the HDS-R. In order to clearly confirm the effectiveness of PLDP, this study was conducted under stricter conditions (HDS-R points of 15 to 23) than previous clinical trials (all participants had scores of 20 or higher). Therefore, from ethical considerations, a clinical trial was conducted using the scores before PLDP administration as a control. In this study, PLDP was administered orally at 4 capsules per day, and the HDS-R was confirmed 2 and 4 weeks after administration. A significant increase in HDS-R scores was observed at 2 and 4 weeks after PLDP administration. Additionally, regarding each item of the HDS-R, PLDP significantly increased 2 and 4 weeks after oral administration for the question items assessing delayed recall, and the question item assessing verbal fluency tasks was recognized. From the above results, we confirmed the reproducibility of the effect of PLDP in improving the delayed recall of verbal memories. Furthermore, increasing scores on verbal fluency tasks suggest that PLDP may enhance frontal lobe function and prevent or improve depressive symptoms. The effects observed in this study may differ from the mechanisms of action of existing antidepressants, and we believe that this may lead to the discovery of new antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miiru Suzuki
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina 362-0806, Japan; (M.S.); (M.S.); (H.I.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Ikuya Sato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina 362-0806, Japan; (M.S.); (M.S.); (H.I.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Masatsugu Sato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina 362-0806, Japan; (M.S.); (M.S.); (H.I.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Hideki Iwasaki
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina 362-0806, Japan; (M.S.); (M.S.); (H.I.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Takahiro Saito
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina 362-0806, Japan; (M.S.); (M.S.); (H.I.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Masahiko Kimura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina 362-0806, Japan; (M.S.); (M.S.); (H.I.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Kenichi Sako
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina 362-0806, Japan; (M.S.); (M.S.); (H.I.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Tomoji Maeda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina 362-0806, Japan; (M.S.); (M.S.); (H.I.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina 362-0806, Japan; (M.S.); (M.S.); (H.I.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (K.S.); (T.M.)
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24
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Soares AR, Garcia-Rivas V, Fai C, Thomas MA, Zheng X, Picciotto MR, Mineur YS. Role of microglia in stress-induced alcohol intake in female and male mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597614. [PMID: 38895217 PMCID: PMC11185719 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have escalated in recent years, with a particular increase among women. Women are more susceptible to stress-induced alcohol drinking, and preclinical data suggest that stress can increase alcohol intake in female rodents; however, a comprehensive understanding of sex-specific neurobiological substrates underlying this phenomenon is still emerging. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, are essential for reshaping neuronal processes, and microglial activity contributes to overall neuronal plasticity. We investigated microglial dynamics and morphology in limbic brain structures of male and female mice following exposure to stress, alcohol or both challenges. In a modified paradigm of intermittent binge drinking (repeated "drinking in the dark"), we determined that female, but not male, mice increased their alcohol consumption after exposure to a physical stressor and re-exposure trials in the stress-paired context. Ethanol (EtOH) drinking and stress altered a number of microglial parameters, including overall number, in subregions of the amygdala and hippocampus, with effects that were somewhat more pronounced in female mice. We used the CSF1R antagonist PLX3397 to deplete microglia in female mice to determine whether microglia contribute to stress-induced escalation of EtOH intake. We observed that microglial depletion attenuated stress-induced alcohol intake with no effect in the unstressed group. These findings suggest that microglial activity can contribute to alcohol intake under stressful conditions, and highlight the importance of evaluating sex-specific mechanisms that could result in tailored interventions for AUD in women.
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25
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Rivera-Ramos A, Cruz-Hernández L, Talaverón R, Sánchez-Montero MT, García-Revilla J, Mulero-Acevedo M, Deierborg T, Venero JL, Sarmiento Soto M. Galectin-3 depletion tames pro-tumoural microglia and restrains cancer cells growth. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216879. [PMID: 38636895 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional protein that plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of various central nervous system diseases, including cancer. Although the involvement of Gal-3 in tumour progression, resistance to treatment and immunosuppression has long been studied in different cancer types, mainly outside the central nervous system, its elevated expression in myeloid and glial cells underscores its profound impact on the brain's immune response. In this context, microglia and infiltrating macrophages, the predominant non-cancerous cells within the tumour microenvironment, play critical roles in establishing an immunosuppressive milieu in diverse brain tumours. Through the utilisation of primary cell cultures and immortalised microglial cell lines, we have elucidated the central role of Gal-3 in promoting cancer cell migration, invasion, and an immunosuppressive microglial phenotypic activation. Furthermore, employing two distinct in vivo models encompassing primary (glioblastoma) and secondary brain tumours (breast cancer brain metastasis), our histological and transcriptomic analysis show that Gal-3 depletion triggers a robust pro-inflammatory response within the tumour microenvironment, notably based on interferon-related pathways. Interestingly, this response is prominently observed in tumour-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs), resulting in the suppression of cancer cells growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rivera-Ramos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Cruz-Hernández
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Talaverón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Teresa Sánchez-Montero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan García-Revilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Mulero-Acevedo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - José Luis Venero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
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26
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Que H, Mai E, Hu Y, Li H, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Han F, Li X, Gong P, Gu J. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells: a powerful tool for tissue damage repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1380785. [PMID: 38872932 PMCID: PMC11169632 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1380785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are a type of pluripotent cell with unique characteristics such as non-tumorigenic and pluripotent differentiation ability. After homing, Muse cells spontaneously differentiate into tissue component cells and supplement damaged/lost cells to participate in tissue repair. Importantly, Muse cells can survive in injured tissue for an extended period, stabilizing and promoting tissue repair. In addition, it has been confirmed that injection of exogenous Muse cells exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, anti-fibrosis, immunomodulatory, and paracrine protective effects in vivo. The discovery of Muse cells is an important breakthrough in the field of regenerative medicine. The article provides a comprehensive review of the characteristics, sources, and potential mechanisms of Muse cells for tissue repair and regeneration. This review serves as a foundation for the further utilization of Muse cells as a key clinical tool in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Galindo AN, Frey Rubio DA, Hettiaratchi MH. Biomaterial strategies for regulating the neuroinflammatory response. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 5:4025-4054. [PMID: 38774837 PMCID: PMC11103561 DOI: 10.1039/d3ma00736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Injury and disease in the central nervous system (CNS) can result in a dysregulated inflammatory environment that inhibits the repair of functional tissue. Biomaterials present a promising approach to tackle this complex inhibitory environment and modulate the mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation to halt the progression of secondary injury and promote the repair of functional tissue. In this review, we will cover recent advances in biomaterial strategies, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, implantable scaffolds, and neural probe coatings, that have been used to modulate the innate immune response to injury and disease within the CNS. The stages of inflammation following CNS injury and the main inflammatory contributors involved in common neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed, as understanding the inflammatory response to injury and disease is critical for identifying therapeutic targets and designing effective biomaterial-based treatment strategies. Biomaterials and novel composites will then be discussed with an emphasis on strategies that deliver immunomodulatory agents or utilize cell-material interactions to modulate inflammation and promote functional tissue repair. We will explore the application of these biomaterial-based strategies in the context of nanoparticle- and hydrogel-mediated delivery of small molecule drugs and therapeutic proteins to inflamed nervous tissue, implantation of hydrogels and scaffolds to modulate immune cell behavior and guide axon elongation, and neural probe coatings to mitigate glial scarring and enhance signaling at the tissue-device interface. Finally, we will present a future outlook on the growing role of biomaterial-based strategies for immunomodulation in regenerative medicine and neuroengineering applications in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia N Galindo
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
| | - David A Frey Rubio
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
| | - Marian H Hettiaratchi
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
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28
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Wang Y, Han Y, Yang C, Bai T, Zhang C, Wang Z, Sun Y, Hu Y, Besenbacher F, Chen C, Yu M. Long-term relapse-free survival enabled by integrating targeted antibacteria in antitumor treatment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4194. [PMID: 38760364 PMCID: PMC11101653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of tumor-resident intracellular microbiota (TRIM) in carcinogenesis has sparked enormous interest. Nevertheless, the impact of TRIM-targeted antibacteria on tumor inhibition and immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unexplored. Herein, we report long-term relapse-free survival by coordinating antibacteria with antitumor treatment, addressing the aggravated immunosuppression and tumor overgrowth induced by TRIM using breast and prostate cancer models. Combining Ag+ release with a Fenton-like reaction and photothermal conversion, simultaneous bacteria killing and multimodal antitumor therapy are enabled by a single agent. Free of immune-stimulating drugs, the agent restores antitumor immune surveillance and activates immunological responses. Secondary inoculation and distal tumor analysis confirm lasting immunological memory and systemic immune responses. A relapse-free survival of >700 days is achieved. This work unravels the crucial role of TRIM-targeted antibacteria in tumor inhibition and unlocks an unconventional route for immune regulation in TME and a complete cure for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- School of Instrumentation Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tiancheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chenggang Zhang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhaotong Wang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ye Sun
- School of Instrumentation Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Chunying Chen
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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29
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Lu W, Wang Y, Wen J. The Roles of RhoA/ROCK/NF-κB Pathway in Microglia Polarization Following Ischemic Stroke. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:19. [PMID: 38753217 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Nevertheless, there still lacks the effective therapies for ischemic stroke. Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) and can initiate immune responses and monitor the microenvironment. Microglia are activated and polarize into proinflammatory or anti‑inflammatory phenotype in response to various brain injuries, including ischemic stroke. Proinflammatory microglia could generate immunomodulatory mediators, containing cytokines and chemokines, these mediators are closely associated with secondary brain damage following ischemic stroke. On the contrary, anti-inflammatory microglia facilitate recovery following stroke. Regulating the activation and the function of microglia is crucial in exploring the novel treatments for ischemic stroke patients. Accumulating studies have revealed that RhoA/ROCK pathway and NF-κB are famous modulators in the process of microglia activation and polarization. Inhibiting these key modulators can promote the polarization of microglia to anti-inflammatory phenotype. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the role of RhoA/ROCK pathway and NF-κB in the microglia activation and polarization, reveal the relationship between RhoA/ROCK pathway and NF-κB in the pathological process of ischemic stroke. In addition, we likewise discussed the drug modulators targeting microglia polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Varghese SM, Patel S, Nandan A, Jose A, Ghosh S, Sah RK, Menon B, K V A, Chakravarty S. Unraveling the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Pathophysiology of Depression: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5. [PMID: 38730081 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent psychological disorder characterized by persistent dysphoria, psychomotor retardation, insomnia, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and a remarkable decrease in overall well-being. Despite the prevalence of accessible antidepressant therapies, many individuals do not achieve substantial improvement. Understanding the multifactorial pathophysiology and the heterogeneous nature of the disorder could lead the way toward better outcomes. Recent findings have elucidated the substantial impact of compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity on the manifestation of depression. BBB functions as an indispensable defense mechanism, tightly overseeing the transport of molecules from the periphery to preserve the integrity of the brain parenchyma. The dysfunction of the BBB has been implicated in a multitude of neurological disorders, and its disruption and consequent brain alterations could potentially serve as important factors in the pathogenesis and progression of depression. In this review, we extensively examine the pathophysiological relevance of the BBB and delve into the specific modifications of its components that underlie the complexities of depression. A particular focus has been placed on examining the effects of peripheral inflammation on the BBB in depression and elucidating the intricate interactions between the gut, BBB, and brain. Furthermore, this review encompasses significant updates on the assessment of BBB integrity and permeability, providing a comprehensive overview of the topic. Finally, we outline the therapeutic relevance and strategies based on BBB in depression, including COVID-19-associated BBB disruption and neuropsychiatric implications. Understanding the comprehensive pathogenic cascade of depression is crucial for shaping the trajectory of future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamili Mariya Varghese
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Shashikant Patel
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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31
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Soares AR, Picciotto MR. Nicotinic regulation of microglia: potential contributions to addiction. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:425-435. [PMID: 37778006 PMCID: PMC11189589 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have identified immunosuppressive effects of nicotine, with potential implications for treating nicotine addiction. Here we review how nicotine can regulate microglia, the resident macrophages in the brain, and corresponding effects of nicotine on neuroimmune signaling. There is significant evidence that activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on microglia can trigger an anti-inflammatory cascade that alters microglial polarization and activity, cytokine release, and intracellular calcium concentrations, leading to neuroprotection. These anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine-dependent α7 nAChR signaling are lost during withdrawal, suggesting that neuroimmune signaling is potentiated during abstinence, and thus, heightened microglial activity may drive circuit disruption that contributes to withdrawal symptoms and hyperkatifeia. In sum, the clinical literature has highlighted immunomodulatory effects of nicotine and the potential for anti-inflammatory compounds to treat addiction. The preclinical literature investigating the underlying mechanisms points to a role of microglial engagement in the circuit dysregulation and behavioral changes that occur during nicotine addiction and withdrawal, driven, at least in part, by activation of α7 nAChRs on microglia. Specifically targeting microglial signaling may help alleviate withdrawal symptoms in people with nicotine dependence and help to promote abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 34 Park Street-3rd floor Research, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 34 Park Street-3rd floor Research, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA.
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA.
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Battaglini M, Marino A, Montorsi M, Carmignani A, Ceccarelli MC, Ciofani G. Nanomaterials as Microglia Modulators in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304180. [PMID: 38112345 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Microglia play a pivotal role in the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, acting as housekeepers and defenders of the surrounding environment. These cells can elicit their functions by shifting into two main phenotypes: pro-inflammatory classical phenotype, M1, and anti-inflammatory alternative phenotype, M2. Despite their pivotal role in CNS homeostasis, microglia phenotypes can influence the development and progression of several CNS disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injuries, and even brain cancer. It is thus clear that the possibility of modulating microglia activation has gained attention as a therapeutic tool against many CNS pathologies. Nanomaterials are an unprecedented tool for manipulating microglia responses, in particular, to specifically target microglia and elicit an in situ immunomodulation activity. This review focuses the discussion on two main aspects: analyzing the possibility of using nanomaterials to stimulate a pro-inflammatory response of microglia against brain cancer and introducing nanostructures able to foster an anti-inflammatory response for treating neurodegenerative disorders. The final aim is to stimulate the analysis of the development of new microglia nano-immunomodulators, paving the way for innovative and effective therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Battaglini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Margherita Montorsi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Alessio Carmignani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Ceccarelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
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Field SE, Curle AJ, Barker RA. Inflammation and Huntington's disease - a neglected therapeutic target? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:451-467. [PMID: 38758356 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2348738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Huntington's Disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease for which there is currently no disease-modifying treatment. One of several underlying mechanisms proposed to be involved in HD pathogenesis is inflammation; there is now accumulating evidence that the immune system may play an integral role in disease pathology and progression. As such, modulation of the immune system could be a potential therapeutic target for HD. AREAS COVERED To date, the number of trials targeting immune aspects of HD has been limited. However, targeting it, may have great advantages over other therapeutic areas, given that many drugs already exist that have actions in this system coupled to the fact that inflammation can be measured both peripherally and, to some extent, centrally using CSF and PET imaging. In this review, we look at evidence that the immune system and the newly emerging area of the microbiome are altered in HD patients, and then present and discuss clinical trials that have targeted different parts of the immune system. EXPERT OPINION We then conclude by discussing how this field might develop going forward, focusing on the role of imaging and other biomarkers to monitor central immune activation and response to novel treatments in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Field
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and MRC-WT Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annabel J Curle
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and MRC-WT Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and MRC-WT Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Ciuperca I, Pujo-Menjouet L, Matar-Tine L, Torres N, Volpert V. A qualitative analysis of an A β-monomer model with inflammation processes for Alzheimer's disease. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231536. [PMID: 39076807 PMCID: PMC11285901 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
We introduce and study a new model for the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) incorporating the interactions of A β -monomers, oligomers, microglial cells and interleukins with neurons through different mechanisms such as protein polymerization, inflammation processes and neural stress reactions. To understand the complete interactions between these elements, we study a spatially homogeneous simplified model that allows us to determine the effect of key parameters such as degradation rates in the asymptotic behaviour of the system and the stability of equilibrium. We observe that inflammation appears to be a crucial factor in the initiation and progression of AD through a phenomenon of hysteresis with respect to the oligomer degradation rate d . This means that depending on the advanced state of the disease (given by the value of the A β -monomer degradation rate d : large value for an early stage and low value for an advanced stage) there exists a critical threshold of initial concentration of interleukins that determines if the disease persists or not in the long term. These results give perspectives on possible anti-inflammatory treatments that could be applied to mitigate the progression of AD. We also present numerical simulations that allow us to observe the effect of initial inflammation and monomer concentration in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Ciuperca
- CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICJ UMR5208, INSA Lyon, Lyon, Villeurbanne69622, France
| | - Laurent Pujo-Menjouet
- CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICJ UMR5208, INSA Lyon, Lyon, Villeurbanne69622, France
| | - Leon Matar-Tine
- CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICJ UMR5208, INSA Lyon, Lyon, Villeurbanne69622, France
| | - Nicolas Torres
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Andalusia, Spain
| | - Vitaly Volpert
- CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICJ UMR5208, INSA Lyon, Lyon, Villeurbanne69622, France
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow117198, Russia
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Tong J, Yao G, Chen Y, Xie H, Zheng X, Sun L, Huang Z, Xie Z. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Microglial Polarization via Inhibition of the HMGB1/TLR4 Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Retinopathy. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02005-6. [PMID: 38625640 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is recognized as the most prevalent retinal degenerative disorder. Inflammatory response usually precedes microvascular alteration and is the primary factor of diabetic retinopathy. Activated microglia express many pro-inflammatory cytokines that exacerbate retina inflammation and disruption. In the present study, we found that MSCs alleviated blood-retina barrier (BRB) breakdown in diabetic rats, as evidenced by reduced retinal edema, decreased vascular leakage, and increased occludin expression. The MSC-treated retinal microglia exhibited reduced expression of M1-phenotype markers in the diabetic rats, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CD16, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, MSCs increased the expression of M2-phenotype markers, such as arginase-1 (Arg-1), CD206, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway is activated in DR and inhibited after MSC treatment. Consistent with in vivo evidence, MSCs drove BV2 microglia toward M2 phenotype in vitro. Overexpression of HMGB1 in microglia reversed the effects of MSC treatment, suggesting HMGB1/TLR4 pathway is necessary for MSCs' regulatory effects on microglia polarization. Collectively, MSCs exert beneficial effects on DR by polarizing microglia from M1 toward M2 phenotype via inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueqin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hairong Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhenping Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhenggao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Kim W, Kim M, Kim B. Unraveling the enigma: housekeeping gene Ugt1a7c as a universal biomarker for microglia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1364201. [PMID: 38666091 PMCID: PMC11043603 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1364201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia, brain resident macrophages, play multiple roles in maintaining homeostasis, including immunity, surveillance, and protecting the central nervous system through their distinct activation processes. Identifying all types of microglia-driven populations is crucial due to the presence of various phenotypes that differ based on developmental stages or activation states. During embryonic development, the E8.5 yolk sac contains erythromyeloid progenitors that go through different growth phases, eventually resulting in the formation of microglia. In addition, microglia are present in neurological diseases as a diverse population. So far, no individual biomarker for microglia has been discovered that can accurately identify and monitor their development and attributes. Summary Here, we highlight the newly defined biomarker of mouse microglia, UGT1A7C, which exhibits superior stability in expression during microglia development and activation compared to other known microglia biomarkers. The UGT1A7C sensing chemical probe labels all microglia in the 3xTG AD mouse model. The expression of Ugt1a7c is stable during development, with only a 4-fold variation, while other microglia biomarkers, such as Csf1r and Cx3cr1, exhibit at least a 10-fold difference. The UGT1A7C expression remains constant throughout its lifespan. In addition, the expression and activity of UGT1A7C are the same in response to different types of inflammatory activators' treatment in vitro. Conclusion We propose employing UGT1A7C as the representative biomarker for microglia, irrespective of their developmental state, age, or activation status. Using UGT1A7C can reduce the requirement for using multiple biomarkers, enhance the precision of microglia analysis, and even be utilized as a standard for gene/protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beomsue Kim
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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37
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Stojiljkovic MR, Schmeer C, Witte OW. Senescence and aging differentially alter key metabolic pathways in murine brain microglia. Neurosci Lett 2024; 828:137751. [PMID: 38548220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, are critically involved in maintaining brain homeostasis. With age, microglia display morphological and functional alterations that have been associated with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Although microglia seem to participate in an increasing number of biological processes which require a high energy demand, little is known about their metabolic regulation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions and during aging/senescence. Here, we determined mRNA expression levels of critical rate limiting enzymes in several key metabolic pathways including glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in association with oxidative phosphorylation in microglia, both under aging and senescent conditions. We found strong evidence for different metabolic changes occuring in senescent vs. aged microglia cells. While senescent microglia display a hypermetabolic state as indicated by increased expression of key enzymes involved in glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, aging microglia are rather in a state of hypometabolism. Our findings indicate that studies involving aging and senescent microglia require a clear differentiation between these microglial states due to profound metabolic differences observed here. Understanding metabolic changes in senescent and aged microglia may lead to novel strategies to decrease over-activation of these cells due to aging, which is associated to the process of inflamm-aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan R Stojiljkovic
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Christian Schmeer
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Otto W Witte
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
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Hughes HK, Moreno RJ, Ashwood P. Innate Immune Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2024; 22:229-241. [PMID: 38680981 PMCID: PMC11046725 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.24022004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communication and social behavior deficits. The presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors often accompanies these deficits, and these characteristics can range from mild to severe. The past several decades have seen a significant rise in the prevalence of ASD. The etiology of ASD remains unknown; however, genetic and environmental risk factors play a role. Multiple hypotheses converge to suggest that neuroinflammation, or at least the interaction between immune and neural systems, may be involved in the etiology of some ASD cases or groups. Repeated evidence of innate immune dysfunction has been seen in ASD, often associated with worsening behaviors. This evidence includes data from circulating myeloid cells and brain resident macrophages/microglia in both human and animal models. This comprehensive review presents recent findings of innate immune dysfunction in ASD, including aberrant innate cellular function, evidence of neuroinflammation, and microglia activation. Appeared originally in Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:245-254.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Hughes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, CA, USA (all authors);The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA, USA (all authors)
| | - R J Moreno
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, CA, USA (all authors);The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA, USA (all authors)
| | - P Ashwood
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, CA, USA (all authors);The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA, USA (all authors)
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Wang X, Zhang S, Lv B, Chen H, Zhang W, Dong L, Bao L, Wang M, Wang Y, Mao W, Cui L, Pang Y, Wang F, Yan F, Zhang Z, Cui G. Circular RNA PTP4A2 regulates microglial polarization through STAT3 to promote neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14512. [PMID: 37869777 PMCID: PMC11017462 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microglial polarization plays a critical role in neuroinflammation and may be a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. This study was to explore the role and underlying molecular mechanism of Circular RNA PTP4A2 (circPTP4A2) in microglial polarization after ischemic stroke. METHODS C57BL/6J mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), while primary mouse microglia and BV2 microglial cells experienced oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to mimic ischemic conditions. CircPTP4A2 shRNA lentivirus and Colivelin were used to knock down circPTP4A2 and upregulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, respectively. Microglial polarization was assessed using immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. RNA pull-down and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) were applied to detect the binding between circPTP4A2 and STAT3. RESULTS The levels of circPTP4A2 were significantly increased in plasma and peri-infarct cortex in tMCAO mice. CircPTP4A2 knockdown reduced infarct volume, increased cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), and attenuated neurological deficits. It also decreased pro-inflammatory factors levels in peri-infarct cortex and plasma, and increased anti-inflammatory factors concentrations 24 h post-stroke. In addition, circPTP4A2 knockdown suppressed M1 microglial polarization and promoted M2 microglial polarization in both tMCAO mice and OGD/R-induced BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, circPTP4A2 knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. In contrast, increased phosphorylation of STAT3 partly counteracted the effects of circPTP4A2 knockdown. RNA pull-down and RIP assays further certified the binding between circPTP4A2 and STAT3. CONCLUSION These results revealed regulatory mechanisms of circPTP4A2 that stimulated neuroinflammation by driving STAT3-dependent microglial polarization in ischemic brain injury. CircPTP4A2 knockdown reduced cerebral ischemic injury and promoted microglial M2 polarization, which could be a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Shenyang Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Bingchen Lv
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Liguo Dong
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of GeriatricsThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Wenqi Mao
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Likun Cui
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Ye Pang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Fuling Yan
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated to ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zuohui Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Institute of Stroke ResearchXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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Gu Y, Zhang X, Li H, Wang R, Jin C, Wang J, Jin Z, Lu J, Ling C, Shao F, Zhang J, Shi L. Novel subsets of peripheral immune cells associated with promoting stroke recovery in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14518. [PMID: 37905680 PMCID: PMC11017448 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Peripheral immune cells infiltrating into the brain trigger neuroinflammation after an ischemic stroke. Partial immune cells reprogram their function for neural repair. Which immune cells promote ischemic brain recovery needs further identification. METHODS We performed single-cell transcriptomic profiling of CD45high immune cells isolated from the ischemic hemisphere at subacute (5 days) and chronic (14 days) stages after ischemic stroke. RESULTS A subset of phagocytic macrophages was associated with neuron projection regeneration and tissue remodeling. We also identified a unique type of T cells with highly expressed macrophage markers, including C1q, Apoe, Hexb, and Fcer1g, which showed high abilities in tissue remodeling, myelination regulation, wound healing, and anti-neuroinflammation. Moreover, natural killer cells decreased cytotoxicity and increased energy and metabolic function in the chronic stage after ischemic stroke. Two subgroups of neutrophils upregulated CCL signals to recruit peripheral immune cells and released CXCL2 to keep self-recruiting at the chronic stage. CONCLUSIONS We identified subsets of peripheral immune cells that may provide potential therapeutic targets for promoting poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Gu
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Huaming Li
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Chenghao Jin
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Ziyang Jin
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Chenhan Ling
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Fangjie Shao
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Brain Research InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ligen Shi
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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41
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Jeon J, Park YS, Kim SH, Kong E, Kim J, Yang JM, Lee JY, Kim YM, Kim IB, Kim P. Deciphering perivascular macrophages and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1368021. [PMID: 38596358 PMCID: PMC11002095 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1368021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The classically defined two retinal microglia layers are distributed in inner and outer plexiform layers. Although there are some reports that retinal microglia are also superficially located around the ganglion cell layer (GCL) in contact with the vitreous, there has been a lack of detailed descriptions and not fully understood yet. Methods: We visualized the microglial layers by using CX3CR1-GFP (C57BL6) transgenic mice with both healthy and disease conditions including NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration models and IRBP-induced auto-immune uveitis models. Result: We found the GCL microglia has two subsets; peripheral (pph) microglia located on the retinal parenchyma and BAM (CNS Border Associated Macrophage) which have a special stretched phenotype only located on the surface of large retinal veins. First, in the pph microglia subset, but not in BAM, Galectin-3 and LYVE1 are focally expressed. However, LYVE1 is specifically expressed in the amoeboid or transition forms, except the typical dendritic morphology in the pph microglia. Second, BAM is tightly attached to the surface of the retinal veins and has similar morphology patterns in both the healthy and disease conditions. CD86+ BAM has a longer process which vertically passes the proximal retinal veins. Our data helps decipher the basic anatomy and pathophysiology of the retinal microglia in the GCL. Discussion: Our data helps decipher the basic anatomy and pathophysiology of the retinal microglia in the GCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehwi Jeon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kong
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jay Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Myung Yang
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Me Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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42
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Ting KKY. Fructose overconsumption-induced reprogramming of microglia metabolism and function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375453. [PMID: 38596671 PMCID: PMC11002174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The overconsumption of dietary fructose has been proposed as a major culprit for the rise of many metabolic diseases in recent years, yet the relationship between a high fructose diet and neurological dysfunction remains to be explored. Although fructose metabolism mainly takes place in the liver and intestine, recent studies have shown that a hyperglycemic condition could induce fructose metabolism in the brain. Notably, microglia, which are tissue-resident macrophages (Mφs) that confer innate immunity in the brain, also express fructose transporters (GLUT5) and are capable of utilizing fructose as a carbon fuel. Together, these studies suggest the possibility that a high fructose diet can regulate the activation and inflammatory response of microglia by metabolic reprogramming, thereby altering the susceptibility of developing neurological dysfunction. In this review, the recent advances in the understanding of microglia metabolism and how it supports its functions will be summarized. The results from both in vivo and in vitro studies that have investigated the mechanistic link between fructose-induced metabolic reprogramming of microglia and its function will then be reviewed. Finally, areas of controversies and their associated implications, as well as directions that warrant future research will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K. Y. Ting
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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43
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Chen H, Zeng Y, Wang D, Li Y, Xing J, Zeng Y, Liu Z, Zhou X, Fan H. Neuroinflammation of Microglial Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Approaches. Molecules 2024; 29:1478. [PMID: 38611758 PMCID: PMC11013124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex degenerative disease of the central nervous system that is clinically characterized by a progressive decline in memory and cognitive function. The pathogenesis of AD is intricate and not yet fully understood. Neuroinflammation, particularly microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation, is believed to play a crucial role in increasing the risk, triggering the onset, and hastening the progression of AD. Modulating microglial activation and regulating microglial energy metabolic disorder are seen as promising strategies to intervene in AD. The application of anti-inflammatory drugs and the targeting of microglia for the prevention and treatment of AD has emerged as a new area of research interest. This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of neuroinflammation of microglial regulation in the development of AD, exploring the connection between microglial energy metabolic disorder, neuroinflammation, and AD development. Additionally, the advancements in anti-inflammatory and microglia-regulating therapies for AD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.C.)
| | - Yuhan Zeng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China;
| | - Jieyu Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.C.)
| | - Yuejia Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.C.)
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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44
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Ben S, Ma Y, Bai Y, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Xia J, Yao M. Microglia-endothelial cross-talk regulates diabetes-induced retinal vascular dysfunction through remodeling inflammatory microenvironment. iScience 2024; 27:109145. [PMID: 38414848 PMCID: PMC10897849 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-mediated crosstalk between neuroglial cells and endothelial cells (ECs) is a fundamental feature of many vascular diseases. Nevertheless, the landscape of inflammatory processes during diabetes-induced microvascular dysfunction remains elusive. Here, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to elucidate the transcriptional landscape of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The transcriptome characteristics of microglia and ECs revealed two microglial subpopulations and three EC populations. Exploration of intercellular crosstalk between microglia and ECs showed that diabetes-induced interactions mainly participated in the inflammatory response and vessel development, with colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) playing important roles in early cell differentiation. Clinically, we found that CSF1/CSF1R crosstalk dysregulation was associated with proliferative DR. Mechanistically, ECs secrete CSF1 and activate CSF1R endocytosis and the CSF1R phosphorylation-mediated MAPK signaling pathway, which elicits the differentiation of microglia and triggers the secretion of inflammatory factors, and subsequently foster angiogenesis by remodeling the inflammatory microenvironment through a positive feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ben
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yan Ma
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yun Bai
- College of Information Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jiao Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Mudi Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
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45
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Yadav B, Kaur S, Yadav A, Verma H, Kar S, Sahu BK, Pati KR, Sarkar B, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. Implications of organophosphate pesticides on brain cells and their contribution toward progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23660. [PMID: 38356323 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The most widespread neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by severe behavioral abnormalities, cognitive and functional impairments. It is inextricably linked with the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and tau protein in the brain. Loss of white matter, neurons, synapses, and reactive microgliosis are also frequently observed in patients of AD. Although the causative mechanisms behind the neuropathological alterations in AD are not fully understood, they are likely influenced by hereditary and environmental factors. The etiology and pathogenesis of AD are significantly influenced by the cells of the central nervous system, namely, glial cells and neurons, which are directly engaged in the transmission of electrical signals and the processing of information. Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) can trigger inflammatory responses in glial cells, leading to various cascades of events that contribute to neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and ultimately, AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, there are striking similarities between the biomarkers associated with AD and OPPs, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, dysregulation of microRNA, and accumulation of toxic protein aggregates, such as amyloid β. These shared markers suggest a potential mechanistic link between OPP exposure and AD pathology. In this review, we attempt to address the role of OPPs on altered cell physiology of the brain cells leading to neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress linked with AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sharanjot Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anuradha Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Harkomal Verma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Swastitapa Kar
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Binit Kumar Sahu
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Riya Pati
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Bibekanada Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mantha
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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46
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Fadoul G, Ikonomovic M, Zhang F, Yang T. The cell-specific roles of Nrf2 in acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14462. [PMID: 37715557 PMCID: PMC10916447 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke refers to the sudden loss of blood flow in a specific area of the brain. It is the fifth leading cause of mortality and the leading cause of permanent disability. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the production of several antioxidants and protective proteins and it has been investigated as a possible pharmaceutical target for reducing harmful oxidative events in brain ischemia. Each cell type exhibits different roles and behaviors in different phases post-stroke, which is comprehensive yet important to understand to optimize management strategies and goals for care for stroke patients. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the protective effects of Nrf2 in experimental ischemic stroke, emphasizing the role of Nrf2 in different cell types including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells during acute and chronic phases of stroke and providing insights on the neuroprotective role of Nrf2 on each cell type throughout the long term of stroke care. We also highlight the importance of targeting Nrf2 in clinical settings while considering a variety of important factors such as age, drug dosage, delivery route, and time of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Fadoul
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and RecoveryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Milos Ikonomovic
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and RecoveryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and RecoveryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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47
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Kou L, Chi X, Sun Y, Yin S, Wu J, Zou W, Wang Y, Jin Z, Huang J, Xiong N, Xia Y, Wang T. Circadian regulation of microglia function: Potential targets for treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102232. [PMID: 38364915 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are involved in the regulation of many aspects of the body, including cell function, physical activity and disease. Circadian disturbance often predates the typical symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases and is not only a non-motor symptom, but also one of the causes of their occurrence and progression. Glial cells possess circadian clocks that regulate their function to maintain brain development and homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that the microglial circadian clock is involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, such as cytokine release, phagocytosis, and nutritional and metabolic support, and that disruption of the microglia clock may affect multiple aspects of Parkinson's disease, especially neuroinflammation and α-synuclein processes. Herein, we review recent advances in the circadian control of microglia function in health and disease, and discuss novel pharmacological interventions for microglial clocks in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaosa Chi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenkai Zou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zongjie Jin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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48
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You Y, Chen Z, Hu WW. The role of microglia heterogeneity in synaptic plasticity and brain disorders: Will sequencing shed light on the discovery of new therapeutic targets? Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108606. [PMID: 38346477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Microglia play a crucial role in interacting with neuronal synapses and modulating synaptic plasticity. This function is particularly significant during postnatal development, as microglia are responsible for removing excessive synapses to prevent neurodevelopmental deficits. Dysregulation of microglial synaptic function has been well-documented in various pathological conditions, notably Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. The recent application of RNA sequencing has provided a powerful and unbiased means to decipher spatial and temporal microglial heterogeneity. By identifying microglia with varying gene expression profiles, researchers have defined multiple subgroups of microglia associated with specific pathological states, including disease-associated microglia, interferon-responsive microglia, proliferating microglia, and inflamed microglia in multiple sclerosis, among others. However, the functional roles of these distinct subgroups remain inadequately characterized. This review aims to refine our current understanding of the potential roles of heterogeneous microglia in regulating synaptic plasticity and their implications for various brain disorders, drawing from recent sequencing research and functional studies. This knowledge may aid in the identification of pathogenetic biomarkers and potential factors contributing to pathogenesis, shedding new light on the discovery of novel drug targets. The field of sequencing-based data mining is evolving toward a multi-omics approach. With advances in viral tools for precise microglial regulation and the development of brain organoid models, we are poised to elucidate the functional roles of microglial subgroups detected through sequencing analysis, ultimately identifying valuable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi You
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Fan H, Zhang M, Wen J, Wang S, Yuan M, Sun H, Shu L, Yang X, Pu Y, Cai Z. Microglia in brain aging: An overview of recent basic science and clinical research developments. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:122-136. [PMID: 38403286 PMCID: PMC11001587 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20220220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive degeneration of tissues and organs, and it is positively associated with an increased mortality rate. The brain, as one of the most significantly affected organs, experiences age-related changes, including abnormal neuronal activity, dysfunctional calcium homeostasis, dysregulated mitochondrial function, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species. These changes collectively contribute to cognitive deterioration. Aging is also a key risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. For many years, neurodegenerative disease investigations have primarily focused on neurons, with less attention given to microglial cells. However, recently, microglial homeostasis has emerged as an important mediator in neurological disease pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of brain aging from the perspective of the microglia. In doing so, we present the current knowledge on the correlation between brain aging and the microglia, summarize recent progress of investigations about the microglia in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and then discuss the correlation between the senescent microglia and the brain, which will culminate with a presentation of the molecular complexity involved in the microglia in brain aging with suggestions for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Fan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Minheng Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, the First People's Hospital of Jinzhong, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030009, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Houchao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Liu Shu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Yinshuang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
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Zhao J, Liu S, Li K, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu X. RBM3 Promotes Anti-inflammatory Responses in Microglia and Serves as a Neuroprotective Target of Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04052-4. [PMID: 38386136 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability in adults. Hypothermic treatment is successful in treating neonatal cerebral ischemia, but its application is restricted in adult patients due to complex management strategies and severe adverse effects. Two homologous RNA-binding proteins, RBM3 and CIRP, are the only known cold-inducible proteins in vertebrates, and their expression levels are robustly elevated by mild to moderate hypothermia. In previous studies, we and others have demonstrated that both RBM3 and CIRP mediate the neuroprotective and neurogenic effects of hypothermia in cell and animal models. However, CIRP can also be detrimental to neurons by triggering neuroinflammatory responses, complicating its post-stroke functions. In this study, we compared the properties of the two cold-inducible RNA-binding proteins after ischemic stroke. Our results indicated that RBM3 expression was stimulated in the ischemic brain of stroke patients, while CIRP expression was not. In an experimental model, RBM3 can ameliorate ischemic-like insult by promoting neuronal survival and eliciting anti-inflammatory responses in activated microglia, while the impact of CIRP was intriguing. Collectively, our data supported the notion that RBM3 may be a more promising therapeutic target than CIRP for treating ischemic stroke. We further demonstrated that zr17-2, a small molecule initially identified to target CIRP, can specifically target RBM3 but not CIRP in microglia. zr17-2 demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects after ischemic stroke both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kunyu Li
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulu Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinzhou Zhu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.
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