1
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Jiang HJ, Qi G, Duarte R, Feldmeyer D, van Albada SJ. A layered microcircuit model of somatosensory cortex with three interneuron types and cell-type-specific short-term plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae378. [PMID: 39344196 PMCID: PMC11439972 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Three major types of GABAergic interneurons, parvalbumin-, somatostatin-, and vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (PV, SOM, VIP) cells, play critical but distinct roles in the cortical microcircuitry. Their specific electrophysiology and connectivity shape their inhibitory functions. To study the network dynamics and signal processing specific to these cell types in the cerebral cortex, we developed a multi-layer model incorporating biologically realistic interneuron parameters from rodent somatosensory cortex. The model is fitted to in vivo data on cell-type-specific population firing rates. With a protocol of cell-type-specific stimulation, network responses when activating different neuron types are examined. The model reproduces the experimentally observed inhibitory effects of PV and SOM cells and disinhibitory effect of VIP cells on excitatory cells. We further create a version of the model incorporating cell-type-specific short-term synaptic plasticity (STP). While the ongoing activity with and without STP is similar, STP modulates the responses of Exc, SOM, and VIP cells to cell-type-specific stimulation, presumably by changing the dominant inhibitory pathways. With slight adjustments, the model also reproduces sensory responses of specific interneuron types recorded in vivo. Our model provides predictions on network dynamics involving cell-type-specific short-term plasticity and can serve to explore the computational roles of inhibitory interneurons in sensory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jia Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Guanxiao Qi
- JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Renato Duarte
- Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, Palace of Schools, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Palace of Schools, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dirk Feldmeyer
- JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sacha J van Albada
- Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany
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2
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Zhu J, Boivin JC, Garner A, Ning J, Zhao YQ, Ohyama T. Feedback inhibition by a descending GABAergic neuron regulates timing of escape behavior in Drosophila larvae. eLife 2024; 13:RP93978. [PMID: 39196635 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Escape behaviors help animals avoid harm from predators and other threats in the environment. Successful escape relies on integrating information from multiple stimulus modalities (of external or internal origin) to compute trajectories toward safe locations, choose between actions that satisfy competing motivations, and execute other strategies that ensure survival. To this end, escape behaviors must be adaptive. When a Drosophila melanogaster larva encounters a noxious stimulus, such as the focal pressure a parasitic wasp applies to the larval cuticle via its ovipositor, it initiates a characteristic escape response. The escape sequence consists of an initial abrupt bending, lateral rolling, and finally rapid crawling. Previous work has shown that the detection of noxious stimuli primarily relies on class IV multi-dendritic arborization neurons (Class IV neurons) located beneath the body wall, and more recent studies have identified several important components in the nociceptive neural circuitry involved in rolling. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie the rolling-escape sequence remain unclear. Here, we present both functional and anatomical evidence suggesting that bilateral descending neurons within the subesophageal zone of D. melanogaster larva play a crucial role in regulating the termination of rolling and subsequent transition to escape crawling. We demonstrate that these descending neurons (designated SeIN128) are inhibitory and receive inputs from a second-order interneuron upstream (Basin-2) and an ascending neuron downstream of Basin-2 (A00c). Together with optogenetic experiments showing that co-activation of SeIN128 neurons and Basin-2 influence the temporal dynamics of rolling, our findings collectively suggest that the ensemble of SeIN128, Basin-2, and A00c neurons forms a GABAergic feedback loop onto Basin-2, which inhibits rolling and thereby facilitates the shift to escape crawling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhu
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Integrated Program of Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Boivin
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Integrated Program of Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alastair Garner
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Integrated Program of Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yi Q Zhao
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tomoko Ohyama
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Alan Edwards Center for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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3
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Gauld OM, Packer AM, Russell LE, Dalgleish HWP, Iuga M, Sacadura F, Roth A, Clark BA, Häusser M. A latent pool of neurons silenced by sensory-evoked inhibition can be recruited to enhance perception. Neuron 2024; 112:2386-2403.e6. [PMID: 38729150 PMCID: PMC7616379 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
To investigate which activity patterns in sensory cortex are relevant for perceptual decision-making, we combined two-photon calcium imaging and targeted two-photon optogenetics to interrogate barrel cortex activity during perceptual discrimination. We trained mice to discriminate bilateral whisker deflections and report decisions by licking left or right. Two-photon calcium imaging revealed sparse coding of contralateral and ipsilateral whisker input in layer 2/3, with most neurons remaining silent during the task. Activating pyramidal neurons using two-photon holographic photostimulation evoked a perceptual bias that scaled with the number of neurons photostimulated. This effect was dominated by optogenetic activation of non-coding neurons, which did not show sensory or motor-related activity during task performance. Photostimulation also revealed potent recruitment of cortical inhibition during sensory processing, which strongly and preferentially suppressed non-coding neurons. Our results suggest that a pool of non-coding neurons, selectively suppressed by network inhibition during sensory processing, can be recruited to enhance perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Gauld
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London W1T 4JG, UK.
| | - Adam M Packer
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Lloyd E Russell
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Henry W P Dalgleish
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maya Iuga
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Francisco Sacadura
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Arnd Roth
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Beverley A Clark
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael Häusser
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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4
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Morabito A, Zerlaut Y, Dhanasobhon D, Berthaux E, Tzilivaki A, Moneron G, Cathala L, Poirazi P, Bacci A, DiGregorio D, Lourenço J, Rebola N. A dendritic substrate for temporal diversity of cortical inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602783. [PMID: 39026855 PMCID: PMC11257522 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In the mammalian neocortex, GABAergic interneurons (INs) inhibit cortical networks in profoundly different ways. The extent to which this depends on how different INs process excitatory signals along their dendrites is poorly understood. Here, we reveal that the functional specialization of two major populations of cortical INs is determined by the unique association of different dendritic integration modes with distinct synaptic organization motifs. We found that somatostatin (SST)-INs exhibit NMDAR-dependent dendritic integration and uniform synapse density along the dendritic tree. In contrast, dendrites of parvalbumin (PV)-INs exhibit passive synaptic integration coupled with proximally enriched synaptic distributions. Theoretical analysis shows that these two dendritic configurations result in different strategies to optimize synaptic efficacy in thin dendritic structures. Yet, the two configurations lead to distinct temporal engagement of each IN during network activity. We confirmed these predictions with in vivo recordings of IN activity in the visual cortex of awake mice, revealing a rapid and linear recruitment of PV-INs as opposed to a long-lasting integrative activation of SST-INs. Our work reveals the existence of distinct dendritic strategies that confer distinct temporal representations for the two major classes of neocortical INs and thus dynamics of inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziato Morabito
- ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Yann Zerlaut
- ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Dhanasak Dhanasobhon
- ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Emmanuelle Berthaux
- ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Alexandra Tzilivaki
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität zu Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gael Moneron
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3571, Synapse and Circuit Dynamics Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Cathala
- ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Alberto Bacci
- ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
| | - David DiGregorio
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3571, Synapse and Circuit Dynamics Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Joana Lourenço
- ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Nelson Rebola
- ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
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5
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Marshall AH, Boyle DJ, Hanson MA, Nagarajan D, Bibi N, Safa A, Johantges AC, Wester JC. Arid1b haploinsufficiency in cortical inhibitory interneurons causes cell-type-dependent changes in cellular and synaptic development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.07.597984. [PMID: 38895260 PMCID: PMC11185764 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.07.597984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents with diverse cognitive and behavioral abnormalities beginning during early development. Although the neural circuit mechanisms remain unclear, recent work suggests pathology in cortical inhibitory interneurons (INs) plays a crucial role. However, we lack fundamental information regarding changes in the physiology of synapses to and from INs in ASD. Here, we used transgenic mice to conditionally knockout one copy of the high confidence ASD risk gene Arid1b from the progenitors of parvalbumin-expressing fast-spiking (PV-FS) INs and somatostatin-expressing non-fast-spiking (SST-NFS) INs. In brain slices, we performed paired whole-cell recordings between INs and excitatory projection neurons (PNs) to investigate changes in synaptic physiology. In neonates, we found reduced synaptic input to INs but not PNs, with a concomitant reduction in the frequency of spontaneous network events, which are driven by INs in immature circuits. In mature mice, we found a reduction in the number of PV-FS INs in cortical layers 2/3 and 5. However, changes in PV-FS IN synaptic physiology were cortical layer and PN cell-type dependent. In layer 5, synapses from PV-FS INs to subcortical-projecting PNs were weakened. In contrast, in layer 2/3, synapses to and from PV-FS INs and corticocortical-projecting PNs were strengthened, leading to enhanced feedforward inhibition of input from layer 4. Finally, we found a novel synaptic deficit among SST-NFS INs, in which excitatory synapses from layer 2/3 PNs failed to facilitate. Our data highlight that changes in unitary synaptic dynamics among INs in ASD depend on neuronal cell-type.
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6
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Shah PT, Valiante TA, Packer AM. Highly local activation of inhibition at the seizure wavefront in vivo. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114189. [PMID: 38703365 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The propagation of a seizure wavefront in the cortex divides an intensely firing seizure core from a low-firing seizure penumbra. Seizure propagation is currently thought to generate strong activation of inhibition in the seizure penumbra that leads to its decreased neuronal firing. However, the direct measurement of neuronal excitability during seizures has been difficult to perform in vivo. We used simultaneous optogenetics and calcium imaging (all-optical interrogation) to characterize real-time neuronal excitability in an acute mouse model of seizure propagation. We find that single-neuron excitability is decreased in close proximity to the seizure wavefront but becomes increased distal to the seizure wavefront. This suggests that inhibitory neurons of the seizure wavefront create a proximal circumference of hypoexcitability but do not influence neuronal excitability in the penumbra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajay T Shah
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taufik A Valiante
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam M Packer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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7
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Russell LE, Fişek M, Yang Z, Tan LP, Packer AM, Dalgleish HWP, Chettih SN, Harvey CD, Häusser M. The influence of cortical activity on perception depends on behavioral state and sensory context. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2456. [PMID: 38503769 PMCID: PMC10951313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic link between neural circuit activity and behavior remains unclear. While manipulating cortical activity can bias certain behaviors and elicit artificial percepts, some tasks can still be solved when cortex is silenced or removed. Here, mice were trained to perform a visual detection task during which we selectively targeted groups of visually responsive and co-tuned neurons in L2/3 of primary visual cortex (V1) for two-photon photostimulation. The influence of photostimulation was conditional on two key factors: the behavioral state of the animal and the contrast of the visual stimulus. The detection of low-contrast stimuli was enhanced by photostimulation, while the detection of high-contrast stimuli was suppressed, but crucially, only when mice were highly engaged in the task. When mice were less engaged, our manipulations of cortical activity had no effect on behavior. The behavioral changes were linked to specific changes in neuronal activity. The responses of non-photostimulated neurons in the local network were also conditional on two factors: their functional similarity to the photostimulated neurons and the contrast of the visual stimulus. Functionally similar neurons were increasingly suppressed by photostimulation with increasing visual stimulus contrast, correlating with the change in behavior. Our results show that the influence of cortical activity on perception is not fixed, but dynamically and contextually modulated by behavioral state, ongoing activity and the routing of information through specific circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd E Russell
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mehmet Fişek
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zidan Yang
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lynn Pei Tan
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam M Packer
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henry W P Dalgleish
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Michael Häusser
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK.
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8
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Wang A, Ferguson KA, Gupta J, Higley MJ, Cardin JA. Developmental trajectory of cortical somatostatin interneuron function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583539. [PMID: 38496673 PMCID: PMC10942364 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
GABAergic inhibition is critical to the proper development of neocortical circuits. However, GABAergic interneurons are highly diverse and the developmental roles of distinct inhibitory subpopulations remain largely unclear. Dendrite-targeting, somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) in the mature cortex regulate synaptic integration and plasticity in excitatory pyramidal neurons (PNs) and exhibit unique feature selectivity. Relatively little is known about early postnatal SST-IN activity or impact on surrounding local circuits. We examined juvenile SST-INs and PNs in mouse primary visual cortex. PNs exhibited stable visual responses and feature selectivity from eye opening onwards. In contrast, SST-INs developed visual responses and feature selectivity during the third postnatal week in parallel with a rapid increase in excitatory synaptic innervation. SST-INs largely exerted a multiplicative effect on nearby PN visual responses at all ages, but this impact increased over time. Our results identify a developmental window for the emergence of an inhibitory circuit mechanism for normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jyoti Gupta
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Michael J. Higley
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Jessica A. Cardin
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
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9
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Tsai YC, Hleihil M, Otomo K, Abegg A, Cavaccini A, Panzanelli P, Cramer T, Ferrari KD, Barrett MJP, Bosshard G, Karayannis T, Weber B, Tyagarajan SK, Stobart JL. The gephyrin scaffold modulates cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neuron responsiveness to single whisker stimulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4169. [PMID: 38379020 PMCID: PMC10879104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gephyrin is the main scaffolding protein at inhibitory postsynaptic sites, and its clusters are the signaling hubs where several molecular pathways converge. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of gephyrin alter GABAA receptor clustering at the synapse, but it is unclear how this affects neuronal activity at the circuit level. We assessed the contribution of gephyrin PTMs to microcircuit activity in the mouse barrel cortex by slice electrophysiology and in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal cells during single-whisker stimulation. Our results suggest that, depending on the type of gephyrin PTM, the neuronal activities of L2/3 pyramidal neurons can be differentially modulated, leading to changes in the size of the neuronal population responding to the single-whisker stimulation. Furthermore, we show that gephyrin PTMs have their preference for selecting synaptic GABAA receptor subunits. Our results identify an important role of gephyrin and GABAergic postsynaptic sites for cortical microcircuit function during sensory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Hleihil
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kanako Otomo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrin Abegg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Cavaccini
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Panzanelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Teresa Cramer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim David Ferrari
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J P Barrett
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Bosshard
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theofanis Karayannis
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shiva K Tyagarajan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jillian L Stobart
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.
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10
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Oldenburg IA, Hendricks WD, Handy G, Shamardani K, Bounds HA, Doiron B, Adesnik H. The logic of recurrent circuits in the primary visual cortex. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:137-147. [PMID: 38172437 PMCID: PMC10774145 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent cortical activity sculpts visual perception by refining, amplifying or suppressing visual input. However, the rules that govern the influence of recurrent activity remain enigmatic. We used ensemble-specific two-photon optogenetics in the mouse visual cortex to isolate the impact of recurrent activity from external visual input. We found that the spatial arrangement and the visual feature preference of the stimulated ensemble and the neighboring neurons jointly determine the net effect of recurrent activity. Photoactivation of these ensembles drives suppression in all cells beyond 30 µm but uniformly drives activation in closer similarly tuned cells. In nonsimilarly tuned cells, compact, cotuned ensembles drive net suppression, while diffuse, cotuned ensembles drive activation. Computational modeling suggests that highly local recurrent excitatory connectivity and selective convergence onto inhibitory neurons explain these effects. Our findings reveal a straightforward logic in which space and feature preference of cortical ensembles determine their impact on local recurrent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Antón Oldenburg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - William D Hendricks
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Handy
- Department of Neurobiology and Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Kiarash Shamardani
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hayley A Bounds
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brent Doiron
- Department of Neurobiology and Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hillel Adesnik
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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11
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Hijazi S, Smit AB, van Kesteren RE. Fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons in brain physiology and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4954-4967. [PMID: 37419975 PMCID: PMC11041664 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are inhibitory interneurons with unique morphological and functional properties that allow them to precisely control local circuitry, brain networks and memory processing. Since the discovery in 1987 that PV is expressed in a subset of fast-spiking GABAergic inhibitory neurons, our knowledge of the complex molecular and physiological properties of these cells has been expanding. In this review, we highlight the specific properties of PV neurons that allow them to fire at high frequency and with high reliability, enabling them to control network oscillations and shape the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of memories. We next discuss multiple studies reporting PV neuron impairment as a critical step in neuronal network dysfunction and cognitive decline in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Finally, we propose potential mechanisms underlying PV neuron dysfunction in AD and we argue that early changes in PV neuron activity could be a causal step in AD-associated network and memory impairment and a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hijazi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Li JY, Glickfeld LL. Input-specific synaptic depression shapes temporal integration in mouse visual cortex. Neuron 2023; 111:3255-3269.e6. [PMID: 37543037 PMCID: PMC10592405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient sensory processing requires the nervous system to adjust to ongoing features of the environment. In primary visual cortex (V1), neuronal activity strongly depends on recent stimulus history. Existing models can explain effects of prolonged stimulus presentation but remain insufficient for explaining effects observed after shorter durations commonly encountered under natural conditions. We investigated the mechanisms driving adaptation in response to brief (100 ms) stimuli in L2/3 V1 neurons by performing in vivo whole-cell recordings to measure membrane potential and synaptic inputs. We find that rapid adaptation is generated by stimulus-specific suppression of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Targeted optogenetic experiments reveal that these synaptic effects are due to input-specific short-term depression of transmission between layers 4 and 2/3. Thus, brief stimulus presentation engages a distinct adaptation mechanism from that previously reported in response to prolonged stimuli, enabling flexible control of sensory encoding across a wide range of timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Lindsey L Glickfeld
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
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13
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Hilscher MM, Mikulovic S, Perry S, Lundberg S, Kullander K. The alpha2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, a subunit with unique and selective expression in inhibitory interneurons associated with principal cells. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106895. [PMID: 37652281 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play crucial roles in various human disorders, with the α7, α4, α6, and α3-containing nAChR subtypes extensively studied in relation to conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, nicotine dependence, mood disorders, and stress disorders. In contrast, the α2-nAChR subunit has received less attention due to its more restricted expression and the scarcity of specific agonists and antagonists for studying its function. Nevertheless, recent research has shed light on the unique expression pattern of the Chrna2 gene, which encodes the α2-nAChR subunit, and its involvement in distinct populations of inhibitory interneurons. This review highlights the structure, pharmacology, localization, function, and disease associations of α2-containing nAChRs and points to the unique expression pattern of the Chrna2 gene and its role in different inhibitory interneuron populations. These populations, including the oriens lacunosum moleculare (OLM) cells in the hippocampus, Martinotti cells in the neocortex, and Renshaw cells in the spinal cord, share common features and contribute to recurrent inhibitory microcircuits. Thus, the α2-nAChR subunit's unique expression pattern in specific interneuron populations and its role in recurrent inhibitory microcircuits highlight its importance in various physiological processes. Further research is necessary to uncover the comprehensive functionality of α2-containing nAChRs, delineate their specific contributions to neuronal circuits, and investigate their potential as therapeutic targets for related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Hilscher
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, IGP/BMC, Box 815, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sanja Mikulovic
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, IGP/BMC, Box 815, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Cognition & Emotion Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health(DZPG), Germany
| | - Sharn Perry
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, IGP/BMC, Box 815, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Stina Lundberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, IGP/BMC, Box 815, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klas Kullander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, IGP/BMC, Box 815, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Ferguson KA, Salameh J, Alba C, Selwyn H, Barnes C, Lohani S, Cardin JA. VIP interneurons regulate cortical size tuning and visual perception. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113088. [PMID: 37682710 PMCID: PMC10618959 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical circuit function is regulated by extensively interconnected, diverse populations of GABAergic interneurons that may play key roles in shaping circuit operation according to behavioral context. A specialized population of interneurons that co-express vasoactive intestinal peptides (VIP-INs) are activated during arousal and innervate other INs and pyramidal neurons (PNs). Although state-dependent modulation of VIP-INs has been extensively studied, their role in regulating sensory processing is less well understood. We examined the impact of VIP-INs in the primary visual cortex of awake behaving mice. Loss of VIP-IN activity alters the behavioral state-dependent modulation of somatostatin-expressing INs (SST-INs) but not PNs. In contrast, reduced VIP-IN activity globally disrupts visual feature selectivity for stimulus size. Moreover, the impact of VIP-INs on perceptual behavior varies with context and is more acute for small than large visual cues. VIP-INs thus contribute to both state-dependent modulation of cortical activity and sensory context-dependent perceptual performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Ferguson
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jenna Salameh
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Christopher Alba
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hannah Selwyn
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Clayton Barnes
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sweyta Lohani
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jessica A Cardin
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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15
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Lombardi A, Wang Q, Stüttgen MC, Mittmann T, Luhmann HJ, Kilb W. Recovery kinetics of short-term depression of GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses at layer 2/3 pyramidal cells in the mouse barrel cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1254776. [PMID: 37817883 PMCID: PMC10560857 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1254776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) is a widespread mechanism underlying activity-dependent modifications of cortical networks. Methods To investigate how STP influences excitatory and inhibitory synapses in layer 2/3 of mouse barrel cortex, we combined whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from visually identified pyramidal neurons (PyrN) and parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV-IN) of cortical layer 2/3 in acute slices with electrical stimulation of afferent fibers in layer 4 and optogenetic activation of PV-IN. Results These experiments revealed that electrical burst stimulation (10 pulses at 10 Hz) of layer 4 afferents to layer 2/3 neurons induced comparable short-term depression (STD) of glutamatergic postsynaptic currents (PSCs) in PyrN and in PV-IN, while disynaptic GABAergic PSCs in PyrN showed a stronger depression. Burst-induced depression of glutamatergic PSCs decayed within <4 s, while the decay of GABAergic PSCs required >11 s. Optogenetically-induced GABAergic PSCs in PyrN also demonstrated STD after burst stimulation, with a decay of >11 s. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in PyrN were unaffected after electrical burst stimulation, while a selective optogenetic STD of GABAergic synapses caused a transient increase of electrically evoked EPSPs in PyrN. Discussion In summary, these results demonstrate substantial short-term plasticity at all synapses investigated and suggest that the prominent STD observed in GABAergic synapses can moderate the functional efficacy of glutamatergic STD after repetitive synaptic stimulations. This mechanism may contribute to a reliable information flow toward the integrative layer 2/3 for complex time-varying sensory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Lombardi
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maik C. Stüttgen
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Mittmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J. Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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16
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Wu SJ, Sevier E, Dwivedi D, Saldi GA, Hairston A, Yu S, Abbott L, Choi DH, Sherer M, Qiu Y, Shinde A, Lenahan M, Rizzo D, Xu Q, Barrera I, Kumar V, Marrero G, Prönneke A, Huang S, Kullander K, Stafford DA, Macosko E, Chen F, Rudy B, Fishell G. Cortical somatostatin interneuron subtypes form cell-type-specific circuits. Neuron 2023; 111:2675-2692.e9. [PMID: 37390821 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The cardinal classes are a useful simplification of cortical interneuron diversity, but such broad subgroupings gloss over the molecular, morphological, and circuit specificity of interneuron subtypes, most notably among the somatostatin interneuron class. Although there is evidence that this diversity is functionally relevant, the circuit implications of this diversity are unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we designed a series of genetic strategies to target the breadth of somatostatin interneuron subtypes and found that each subtype possesses a unique laminar organization and stereotyped axonal projection pattern. Using these strategies, we examined the afferent and efferent connectivity of three subtypes (two Martinotti and one non-Martinotti) and demonstrated that they possess selective connectivity with intratelecephalic or pyramidal tract neurons. Even when two subtypes targeted the same pyramidal cell type, their synaptic targeting proved selective for particular dendritic compartments. We thus provide evidence that subtypes of somatostatin interneurons form cell-type-specific cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Jingjing Wu
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elaine Sevier
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Deepanjali Dwivedi
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Giuseppe-Antonio Saldi
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ariel Hairston
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sabrina Yu
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lydia Abbott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Da Hae Choi
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mia Sherer
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yanjie Qiu
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ashwini Shinde
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mackenzie Lenahan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniella Rizzo
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qing Xu
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Irving Barrera
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Giovanni Marrero
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alvar Prönneke
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuhan Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Klas Kullander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David A Stafford
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Evan Macosko
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bernardo Rudy
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gord Fishell
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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17
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Huang TH, Lin YS, Hsiao CW, Wang LY, Ajibola MI, Abdulmajeed WI, Lin YL, Li YJ, Chen CY, Lien CC, Chiu CD, Cheng IHJ. Differential expression of GABA A receptor subunits δ and α6 mediates tonic inhibition in parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons in the mouse hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1146278. [PMID: 37545878 PMCID: PMC10397515 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1146278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons mediate inhibition in neuronal circuitry and support normal brain function. Consequently, dysregulation of inhibition is implicated in various brain disorders. Parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons, the two major types of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus, exhibit distinct morpho-physiological properties and coordinate information processing and memory formation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the specialized properties of PV and SST interneurons remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the transcriptomic differences between these two classes of interneurons in the hippocampus using the ribosome tagging approach. The results revealed distinct expressions of genes such as voltage-gated ion channels and GABAA receptor subunits between PV and SST interneurons. Gabrd and Gabra6 were identified as contributors to the contrasting tonic GABAergic inhibition observed in PV and SST interneurons. Moreover, some of the differentially expressed genes were associated with schizophrenia and epilepsy. In conclusion, our results provide molecular insights into the distinct roles of PV and SST interneurons in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sian Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Genetics and Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chiao-Wan Hsiao
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Musa Iyiola Ajibola
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wahab Imam Abdulmajeed
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Yi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Lien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Chiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Spine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Irene Han-Juo Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Nocon JC, Gritton HJ, James NM, Mount RA, Qu Z, Han X, Sen K. Parvalbumin neurons enhance temporal coding and reduce cortical noise in complex auditory scenes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:751. [PMID: 37468561 PMCID: PMC10356822 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical representations supporting many cognitive abilities emerge from underlying circuits comprised of several different cell types. However, cell type-specific contributions to rate and timing-based cortical coding are not well-understood. Here, we investigated the role of parvalbumin neurons in cortical complex scene analysis. Many complex scenes contain sensory stimuli which are highly dynamic in time and compete with stimuli at other spatial locations. Parvalbumin neurons play a fundamental role in balancing excitation and inhibition in cortex and sculpting cortical temporal dynamics; yet their specific role in encoding complex scenes via timing-based coding, and the robustness of temporal representations to spatial competition, has not been investigated. Here, we address these questions in auditory cortex of mice using a cocktail party-like paradigm, integrating electrophysiology, optogenetic manipulations, and a family of spike-distance metrics, to dissect parvalbumin neurons' contributions towards rate and timing-based coding. We find that suppressing parvalbumin neurons degrades cortical discrimination of dynamic sounds in a cocktail party-like setting via changes in rapid temporal modulations in rate and spike timing, and over a wide range of time-scales. Our findings suggest that parvalbumin neurons play a critical role in enhancing cortical temporal coding and reducing cortical noise, thereby improving representations of dynamic stimuli in complex scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Carlo Nocon
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Hearing Research Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Howard J Gritton
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61820, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61820, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas M James
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Hearing Research Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Mount
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Hearing Research Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Zhili Qu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61820, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61820, IL, USA
| | - Xue Han
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Hearing Research Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Kamal Sen
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
- Hearing Research Center, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
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19
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Ibrahim LA, Wamsley B, Alghamdi N, Yusuf N, Sevier E, Hairston A, Sherer M, Jaglin XH, Xu Q, Guo L, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Favuzzi E, Yuan Y, Dimidschstein J, Darnell RB, Fishell G. Nova proteins direct synaptic integration of somatostatin interneurons through activity-dependent alternative splicing. eLife 2023; 12:e86842. [PMID: 37347149 PMCID: PMC10287156 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin interneurons are the earliest born population of cortical inhibitory cells. They are crucial to support normal brain development and function; however, the mechanisms underlying their integration into nascent cortical circuitry are not well understood. In this study, we begin by demonstrating that the maturation of somatostatin interneurons in mouse somatosensory cortex is activity dependent. We then investigated the relationship between activity, alternative splicing, and synapse formation within this population. Specifically, we discovered that the Nova family of RNA-binding proteins are activity-dependent and are essential for the maturation of somatostatin interneurons, as well as their afferent and efferent connectivity. Within this population, Nova2 preferentially mediates the alternative splicing of genes required for axonal formation and synaptic function independently from its effect on gene expression. Hence, our work demonstrates that the Nova family of proteins through alternative splicing are centrally involved in coupling developmental neuronal activity to cortical circuit formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Ali Ibrahim
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
- Stanley Center at the BroadCambridgeUnited States
| | - Brie Wamsley
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Norah Alghamdi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Nusrath Yusuf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Stanley Center at the BroadCambridgeUnited States
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Elaine Sevier
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Stanley Center at the BroadCambridgeUnited States
| | - Ariel Hairston
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Mia Sherer
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Stanley Center at the BroadCambridgeUnited States
| | - Xavier Hubert Jaglin
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Qing Xu
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Lihua Guo
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Genome Technology Center, Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Emilia Favuzzi
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Stanley Center at the BroadCambridgeUnited States
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Gordon Fishell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Stanley Center at the BroadCambridgeUnited States
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20
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Kiritani T, Pala A, Gasselin C, Crochet S, Petersen CCH. Membrane potential dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in mouse barrel cortex during active whisker sensing. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287174. [PMID: 37311008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neocortical neurons can increasingly be divided into well-defined classes, but their activity patterns during quantified behavior remain to be fully determined. Here, we obtained membrane potential recordings from various classes of excitatory and inhibitory neurons located across different cortical depths in the primary whisker somatosensory barrel cortex of awake head-restrained mice during quiet wakefulness, free whisking and active touch. Excitatory neurons, especially those located superficially, were hyperpolarized with low action potential firing rates relative to inhibitory neurons. Parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons on average fired at the highest rates, responding strongly and rapidly to whisker touch. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing inhibitory neurons were excited during whisking, but responded to active touch only after a delay. Somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons had the smallest membrane potential fluctuations and exhibited hyperpolarising responses at whisking onset for superficial, but not deep, neurons. Interestingly, rapid repetitive whisker touch evoked excitatory responses in somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons, but not when the intercontact interval was long. Our analyses suggest that distinct genetically-defined classes of neurons at different subpial depths have differential activity patterns depending upon behavioral state providing a basis for constraining future computational models of neocortical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kiritani
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Pala
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Célia Gasselin
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Crochet
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carl C H Petersen
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Kanigowski D, Bogaj K, Barth AL, Urban-Ciecko J. Somatostatin-expressing interneurons modulate neocortical network through GABAb receptors in a synapse-specific manner. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8780. [PMID: 37258641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The firing activity of somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons (SST-INs) can suppress network activity via both GABAa and GABAb receptors (Rs). Although SST-INs do not receive GABAaR input from other SST-INs, it is possible that SST-IN-released GABA could suppress the activity of SST-INs themselves via GABAbRs, providing a negative feedback loop. Here we characterized the influence of GABAbR modulation on SST-IN activity in layer 2/3 of the somatosensory cortex in mice. We compared this to the effects of GABAbR activation on parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs). Using in vitro whole-cell patch clamp recordings, pharmacological and optogenetic manipulations, we found that the firing activity of SST-INs suppresses excitatory drive to themselves via presynaptic GABAbRs. Postsynaptic GABAbRs did not influence SST-IN spontaneous activity or intrinsic excitability. Although GABAbRs at pre- and postsynaptic inputs to PV-INs are modestly activated during cortical network activity in vitro, the spontaneous firing of SST-INs was not the source of GABA driving this GABAbR activation. Thus, SST-IN firing regulates excitatory synaptic strength through presynaptic GABAbRs at connections between pyramidal neurons (Pyr-Pyr) and synapses between pyramidal neurons and SST-INs (Pyr-SST), but not Pyr-PV and PV-Pyr synapses. Our study indicates that two main types of neocortical inhibitory interneurons are differentially modulated by SST-IN-mediated GABA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kanigowski
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Karolina Bogaj
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Alison L Barth
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Joanna Urban-Ciecko
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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22
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Hughes C, Kozai T. Dynamic amplitude modulation of microstimulation evokes biomimetic onset and offset transients and reduces depression of evoked calcium responses in sensory cortices. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:939-965. [PMID: 37244370 PMCID: PMC10330928 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is an emerging approach to restore sensation to people with neurological injury or disease. Biomimetic microstimulation, or stimulus trains that mimic neural activity in the brain through encoding of onset and offset transients, could improve the utility of ICMS for brain-computer interface (BCI) applications, but how biomimetic microstimulation affects neural activation is not understood. Current "biomimetic" ICMS trains aim to reproduce the strong onset and offset transients evoked in the brain by sensory input through dynamic modulation of stimulus parameters. Stimulus induced depression of neural activity (decreases in evoked intensity over time) is also a potential barrier to clinical implementation of sensory feedback, and dynamic microstimulation may reduce this effect. OBJECTIVE We evaluated how bio-inspired ICMS trains with dynamic modulation of amplitude and/or frequency change the calcium response, spatial distribution, and depression of neurons in the somatosensory and visual cortices. METHODS Calcium responses of neurons were measured in Layer 2/3 of visual and somatosensory cortices of anesthetized GCaMP6s mice in response to ICMS trains with fixed amplitude and frequency (Fixed) and three dynamic ICMS trains that increased the stimulation intensity during the onset and offset of stimulation by modulating the amplitude (DynAmp), frequency (DynFreq), or amplitude and frequency (DynBoth). ICMS was provided for either 1-s with 4-s breaks (Short) or for 30-s with 15-s breaks (Long). RESULTS DynAmp and DynBoth trains evoked distinct onset and offset transients in recruited neural populations, while DynFreq trains evoked population activity similar to Fixed trains. Individual neurons had heterogeneous responses primarily based on how quickly they depressed to ICMS, where neurons farther from the electrode depressed faster and a small subpopulation (1-5%) were modulated by DynFreq trains. Neurons that depressed to Short trains were also more likely to depress to Long trains, but Long trains induced more depression overall due to the increased stimulation length. Increasing the amplitude during the hold phase resulted in an increase in recruitment and intensity which resulted in more depression and reduced offset responses. Dynamic amplitude modulation reduced stimulation induced depression by 14.6 ± 0.3% for Short and 36.1 ± 0.6% for Long trains. Ideal observers were 0.031 ± 0.009 s faster for onset detection and 1.33 ± 0.21 s faster for offset detection with dynamic amplitude encoding. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic amplitude modulation evokes distinct onset and offset transients, reduces depression of neural calcium activity, and decreases total charge injection for sensory feedback in BCIs by lowering recruitment of neurons during long maintained periods of ICMS. In contrast, dynamic frequency modulation evokes distinct onset and offset transients in a small subpopulation of neurons but also reduces depression in recruited neurons by reducing the rate of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, USA
| | - Takashi Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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23
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Goz RU, Hooks BM. Correlated Somatosensory Input in Parvalbumin/Pyramidal Cells in Mouse Motor Cortex. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0488-22.2023. [PMID: 37094939 PMCID: PMC10167893 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0488-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cortex, feedforward excitatory connections recruit feedforward inhibition. This is often carried by parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons, which may densely connect to local pyramidal (Pyr) neurons. Whether this inhibition affects all local excitatory cells indiscriminately or is targeted to specific subnetworks is unknown. Here, we test how feedforward inhibition is recruited by using two-channel circuit mapping to excite cortical and thalamic inputs to PV+ interneurons and Pyr neurons to mouse primary vibrissal motor cortex (M1). Single Pyr and PV+ neurons receive input from both cortex and thalamus. Connected pairs of PV+ interneurons and excitatory Pyr neurons receive correlated cortical and thalamic inputs. While PV+ interneurons are more likely to form local connections to Pyr neurons, Pyr neurons are much more likely to form reciprocal connections with PV+ interneurons that inhibit them. This suggests that Pyr and PV ensembles may be organized based on their local and long-range connections, an organization that supports the idea of local subnetworks for signal transduction and processing. Excitatory inputs to M1 can thus target inhibitory networks in a specific pattern which permits recruitment of feedforward inhibition to specific subnetworks within the cortical column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman U Goz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Bryan M Hooks
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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24
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Ferguson KA, Salameh J, Alba C, Selwyn H, Barnes C, Lohani S, Cardin JA. VIP interneurons regulate cortical size tuning and visual perception. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532664. [PMID: 37162871 PMCID: PMC10168200 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Local cortical circuit function is regulated by diverse populations of GABAergic interneurons with distinct properties and extensive interconnectivity. Inhibitory-to-inhibitory interactions between interneuron populations may play key roles in shaping circuit operation according to behavioral context. A specialized population of GABAergic interneurons that co-express vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP-INs) are activated during arousal and locomotion and innervate other local interneurons and pyramidal neurons. Although modulation of VIP-IN activity by behavioral state has been extensively studied, their role in regulating information processing and selectivity is less well understood. Using a combination of cellular imaging, short and long-term manipulation, and perceptual behavior, we examined the impact of VIP-INs on their synaptic target populations in the primary visual cortex of awake behaving mice. We find that loss of VIP-IN activity alters the behavioral state-dependent modulation of somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) but not pyramidal neurons (PNs). In contrast, reduced VIP-IN activity disrupts visual feature selectivity for stimulus size in both populations. Inhibitory-to inhibitory interactions thus directly shape the selectivity of GABAergic interneurons for sensory stimuli. Moreover, the impact of VIP-IN activity on perceptual behavior varies with visual context and is more acute for small than large visual cues. VIP-INs thus contribute to both state-dependent modulation of cortical circuit activity and sensory context-dependent perceptual performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Ferguson
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Jenna Salameh
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Christopher Alba
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Hannah Selwyn
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Clayton Barnes
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Sweyta Lohani
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Jessica A Cardin
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
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25
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Gamlin CR, Schneider-Mizell CM, Mallory M, Elabbady L, Gouwens N, Williams G, Mukora A, Dalley R, Bodor A, Brittain D, Buchanan J, Bumbarger D, Kapner D, Kinn S, Mahalingam G, Seshamani S, Takeno M, Torres R, Yin W, Nicovich PR, Bae JA, Castro MA, Dorkenwald S, Halageri A, Jia Z, Jordan C, Kemnitz N, Lee K, Li K, Lu R, Macrina T, Mitchell E, Mondal SS, Mu S, Nehoran B, Popovych S, Silversmith W, Turner NL, Wong W, Wu J, Yu S, Berg J, Jarsky T, Lee B, Seung HS, Zeng H, Reid RC, Collman F, da Costa NM, Sorensen SA. Integrating EM and Patch-seq data: Synaptic connectivity and target specificity of predicted Sst transcriptomic types. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.22.533857. [PMID: 36993629 PMCID: PMC10055412 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neural circuit function is shaped both by the cell types that comprise the circuit and the connections between those cell types 1 . Neural cell types have previously been defined by morphology 2, 3 , electrophysiology 4, 5 , transcriptomic expression 6-8 , connectivity 9-13 , or even a combination of such modalities 14-16 . More recently, the Patch-seq technique has enabled the characterization of morphology (M), electrophysiology (E), and transcriptomic (T) properties from individual cells 17-20 . Using this technique, these properties were integrated to define 28, inhibitory multimodal, MET-types in mouse primary visual cortex 21 . It is unknown how these MET-types connect within the broader cortical circuitry however. Here we show that we can predict the MET-type identity of inhibitory cells within a large-scale electron microscopy (EM) dataset and these MET-types have distinct ultrastructural features and synapse connectivity patterns. We found that EM Martinotti cells, a well defined morphological cell type 22, 23 known to be Somatostatin positive (Sst+) 24, 25 , were successfully predicted to belong to Sst+ MET-types. Each identified MET-type had distinct axon myelination patterns and synapsed onto specific excitatory targets. Our results demonstrate that morphological features can be used to link cell type identities across imaging modalities, which enables further comparison of connectivity in relation to transcriptomic or electrophysiological properties. Furthermore, our results show that MET-types have distinct connectivity patterns, supporting the use of MET-types and connectivity to meaningfully define cell types.
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26
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Li JY, Glickfeld LL. Input-specific synaptic depression shapes temporal integration in mouse visual cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526211. [PMID: 36778279 PMCID: PMC9915496 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Efficient sensory processing requires the nervous system to adjust to ongoing features of the environment. In primary visual cortex (V1), neuronal activity strongly depends on recent stimulus history. Existing models can explain effects of prolonged stimulus presentation, but remain insufficient for explaining effects observed after shorter durations commonly encountered under natural conditions. We investigated the mechanisms driving adaptation in response to brief (100 ms) stimuli in L2/3 V1 neurons by performing in vivo whole-cell recordings to measure membrane potential and synaptic inputs. We find that rapid adaptation is generated by stimulus-specific suppression of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Targeted optogenetic experiments reveal that these synaptic effects are due to input-specific short-term depression of transmission between layers 4 and 2/3. Thus, distinct mechanisms are engaged following brief and prolonged stimulus presentation and together enable flexible control of sensory encoding across a wide range of time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Lindsey L Glickfeld
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
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27
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Pharmacological Signature and Target Specificity of Inhibitory Circuits Formed by Martinotti Cells in the Mouse Barrel Cortex. J Neurosci 2023; 43:14-27. [PMID: 36384682 PMCID: PMC9838699 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1661-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the neocortex, fast synaptic inhibition orchestrates both spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity. GABAergic interneurons (INs) inhibit pyramidal neurons (PNs) directly, modulating their output activity and thus contributing to balance cortical networks. Moreover, several IN subtypes also inhibit other INs, forming specific disinhibitory circuits, which play crucial roles in several cognitive functions. Here, we studied a subpopulation of somatostatin-positive INs, the Martinotti cells (MCs) in layer 2/3 of the mouse barrel cortex (both sexes). MCs inhibit the distal portion of PN apical dendrites, thus controlling dendrite electrogenesis and synaptic integration. Yet, it is poorly understood whether MCs inhibit other elements of the cortical circuits, and the connectivity properties with non-PN targets are unknown. We found that MCs have a strong preference for PN dendrites, but they also considerably connect with parvalbumin-positive, vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing, and layer 1 (L1) INs. Remarkably, GABAergic synapses from MCs exhibited clear cell type-specific short-term plasticity. Moreover, whereas the biophysical properties of MC-PN synapses were consistent with distal dendritic inhibition, MC-IN synapses exhibited characteristics of fast perisomatic inhibition. Finally, MC-PN connections used α5-containing GABAA receptors (GABAARs), but this subunit was not expressed by the other INs targeted by MCs. We reveal a specialized connectivity blueprint of MCs within different elements of superficial cortical layers. In addition, our results identify α5-GABAARs as the molecular fingerprint of MC-PN dendritic inhibition. This is of critical importance, given the role of α5-GABAARs in cognitive performance and their involvement in several brain diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Martinotti cells (MCs) are a prominent, broad subclass of somatostatin-expressing GABAergic interneurons, specialized in controlling distal dendrites of pyramidal neurons (PNs) and taking part in several cognitive functions. Here we characterize the connectivity pattern of MCs with other interneurons in the superficial layers (L1 and L2/3) of the mouse barrel cortex. We found that the connectivity pattern of MCs with PNs as well as parvalbumin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and L1 interneurons exhibit target-specific plasticity and biophysical properties. The specificity of α5-GABAARs at MC-PN synapses and the lack or functional expression of this subunit by other cell types define the molecular identity of MC-PN connections and the exclusive involvement of this inhibitory circuits in α5-dependent cognitive tasks.
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28
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Yang PF, Phipps MA, Newton AT, Jonathan S, Manuel TJ, Gore JC, Grissom WA, Caskey CF, Chen LM. Differential dose responses of transcranial focused ultrasound at brain regions indicate causal interactions. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1552-1564. [PMID: 36496128 PMCID: PMC9806861 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that focused ultrasound (FUS) pulses in low pressure range exerted bidirectional and brain state-dependent neuromodulation in the nonhuman primate somatosensory cortices by fMRI. Here we aim to gain insights about the proposed neuron selective modulation of FUS and probe feedforward versus feedback interactions by simultaneously quantifying the stimulus (FUS pressures: 925, 425, 250 kPa) and response (% BOLD fMRI changes) function at the targeted area 3a/3b and off-target cortical areas at 7T. In resting-state, lowered intensities of FUS resulted in decreased fMRI signal changes at the target area 3a/3b and off-target area 1/2, S2, MCC, insula and auditory cortex, and no signal difference in thalamic VPL and MD nuclei. In activated states, concurrent high-intensity FUS significantly enhanced touch-evoked signals in area 1/2. Medium- and low-intensity FUS significantly suppressed touch-evoked BOLD signals in all areas except in the auditory cortex, VPL and MD thalamic nuclei. Distinct state dependent and dose-response curves led us to hypothesize that FUS's neuromodulatory effects may be mediated through preferential activation of different populations of neurons. Area 3a/3b may have distinct causal feedforward and feedback interactions with Area 1/2, S2, MCC, insula, and VPL. FUS offers a noninvasive neural stimulation tool for dissecting brain circuits and probing causal functional connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Feng Yang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Anthony Phipps
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allen T Newton
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sumeeth Jonathan
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas J Manuel
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William A Grissom
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles F Caskey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Li Min Chen
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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29
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Shen S, Jiang X, Scala F, Fu J, Fahey P, Kobak D, Tan Z, Zhou N, Reimer J, Sinz F, Tolias AS. Distinct organization of two cortico-cortical feedback pathways. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6389. [PMID: 36302912 PMCID: PMC9613627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neocortical feedback is critical for attention, prediction, and learning. To mechanically understand its function requires deciphering its cell-type wiring. Recent studies revealed that feedback between primary motor to primary somatosensory areas in mice is disinhibitory, targeting vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing interneurons, in addition to pyramidal cells. It is unknown whether this circuit motif represents a general cortico-cortical feedback organizing principle. Here we show that in contrast to this wiring rule, feedback between higher-order lateromedial visual area to primary visual cortex preferentially activates somatostatin-expressing interneurons. Functionally, both feedback circuits temporally sharpen feed-forward excitation eliciting a transient increase-followed by a prolonged decrease-in pyramidal cell activity under sustained feed-forward input. However, under feed-forward transient input, the primary motor to primary somatosensory cortex feedback facilitates bursting while lateromedial area to primary visual cortex feedback increases time precision. Our findings argue for multiple cortico-cortical feedback motifs implementing different dynamic non-linear operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shen
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Federico Scala
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiakun Fu
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Fahey
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dmitry Kobak
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zhenghuan Tan
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Na Zhou
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Reimer
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabian Sinz
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas S Tolias
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computational Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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30
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Jung K, Choi Y, Kwon HB. Cortical control of chandelier cells in neural codes. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:992409. [PMID: 36299494 PMCID: PMC9588934 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.992409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Various cortical functions arise from the dynamic interplay of excitation and inhibition. GABAergic interneurons that mediate synaptic inhibition display significant diversity in cell morphology, electrophysiology, plasticity rule, and connectivity. These heterogeneous features are thought to underlie their functional diversity. Emerging attention on specific properties of the various interneuron types has emphasized the crucial role of cell-type specific inhibition in cortical neural processing. However, knowledge is still limited on how each interneuron type forms distinct neural circuits and regulates network activity in health and disease. To dissect interneuron heterogeneity at single cell-type precision, we focus on the chandelier cell (ChC), one of the most distinctive GABAergic interneuron types that exclusively innervate the axon initial segments (AIS) of excitatory pyramidal neurons. Here we review the current understanding of the structural and functional properties of ChCs and their implications in behavioral functions, network activity, and psychiatric disorders. These findings provide insights into the distinctive roles of various single-type interneurons in cortical neural coding and the pathophysiology of cortical dysfunction.
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31
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Gansel KS. Neural synchrony in cortical networks: mechanisms and implications for neural information processing and coding. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:900715. [PMID: 36262373 PMCID: PMC9574343 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.900715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronization of neuronal discharges on the millisecond scale has long been recognized as a prevalent and functionally important attribute of neural activity. In this article, I review classical concepts and corresponding evidence of the mechanisms that govern the synchronization of distributed discharges in cortical networks and relate those mechanisms to their possible roles in coding and cognitive functions. To accommodate the need for a selective, directed synchronization of cells, I propose that synchronous firing of distributed neurons is a natural consequence of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) that associates cells repetitively receiving temporally coherent input: the “synchrony through synaptic plasticity” hypothesis. Neurons that are excited by a repeated sequence of synaptic inputs may learn to selectively respond to the onset of this sequence through synaptic plasticity. Multiple neurons receiving coherent input could thus actively synchronize their firing by learning to selectively respond at corresponding temporal positions. The hypothesis makes several predictions: first, the position of the cells in the network, as well as the source of their input signals, would be irrelevant as long as their input signals arrive simultaneously; second, repeating discharge patterns should get compressed until all or some part of the signals are synchronized; and third, this compression should be accompanied by a sparsening of signals. In this way, selective groups of cells could emerge that would respond to some recurring event with synchronous firing. Such a learned response pattern could further be modulated by synchronous network oscillations that provide a dynamic, flexible context for the synaptic integration of distributed signals. I conclude by suggesting experimental approaches to further test this new hypothesis.
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Voelcker B, Pancholi R, Peron S. Transformation of primary sensory cortical representations from layer 4 to layer 2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5484. [PMID: 36123376 PMCID: PMC9485231 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory input arrives from thalamus in cortical layer (L) 4, which outputs predominantly to superficial layers. L4 to L2 thus constitutes one of the earliest cortical feedforward networks. Despite extensive study, the transformation performed by this network remains poorly understood. We use two-photon calcium imaging to record neural activity in L2-4 of primary vibrissal somatosensory cortex (vS1) as mice perform an object localization task with two whiskers. Touch responses sparsen and become more reliable from L4 to L2, with nearly half of the superficial touch response confined to ~1 % of excitatory neurons. These highly responsive neurons have broad receptive fields and can more accurately decode stimulus features. They participate disproportionately in ensembles, small subnetworks with elevated pairwise correlations. Thus, from L4 to L2, cortex transitions from distributed probabilistic coding to sparse and robust ensemble-based coding, resulting in more efficient and accurate representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Voelcker
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place Rm. 621, New York, NY, 10003, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ravi Pancholi
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place Rm. 621, New York, NY, 10003, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Simon Peron
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place Rm. 621, New York, NY, 10003, USA. .,Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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33
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Fish KN, Joffe ME. Targeting prefrontal cortex GABAergic microcircuits for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:936911. [PMID: 36105666 PMCID: PMC9465392 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.936911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing novel treatments for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is of paramount importance for improving patient outcomes and alleviating the suffering related to the disease. A better understanding of the molecular and neurocircuit mechanisms through which alcohol alters brain function will be instrumental in the rational development of new efficacious treatments. Clinical studies have consistently associated the prefrontal cortex (PFC) function with symptoms of AUDs. Population-level analyses have linked the PFC structure and function with heavy drinking and/or AUD diagnosis. Thus, targeting specific PFC cell types and neural circuits holds promise for the development of new treatments. Here, we overview the tremendous diversity in the form and function of inhibitory neuron subtypes within PFC and describe their therapeutic potential. We then summarize AUD population genetics studies, clinical neurophysiology findings, and translational neuroscience discoveries. This study collectively suggests that changes in fast transmission through PFC inhibitory microcircuits are a central component of the neurobiological effects of ethanol and the core symptoms of AUDs. Finally, we submit that there is a significant and timely need to examine sex as a biological variable and human postmortem brain tissue to maximize the efforts in translating findings to new clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max E. Joffe
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Marchionni I, Pilati N, Forli A, Sessolo M, Tottene A, Pietrobon D. Enhanced Feedback Inhibition Due to Increased Recruitment of Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons and Enhanced Cortical Recurrent Excitation in a Genetic Mouse Model of Migraine. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6654-6666. [PMID: 35863891 PMCID: PMC9410751 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0228-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a complex brain disorder, characterized by attacks of unilateral headache and global dysfunction in multisensory information processing, whose underlying cellular and circuit mechanisms remain unknown. The finding of enhanced excitatory, but unaltered inhibitory, neurotransmission at cortical synapses between pyramidal cells (PCs) and fast-spiking interneurons (FS INs) in mouse models of familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) suggested the hypothesis that dysregulation of the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance in specific circuits is a key pathogenic mechanism. Here, we investigated the cortical layer 2/3 (L2/3) feedback inhibition microcircuit involving somatostatin-expressing (SOM) INs in FHM1 mice of both sexes carrying a gain-of-function mutation in CaV2.1. Unitary inhibitory neurotransmission at SOM IN-PC synapses was unaltered while excitatory neurotransmission at both PC-SOM IN and PC-PC synapses was enhanced, because of increased probability of glutamate release, in FHM1 mice. Short-term synaptic depression was enhanced at PC-PC synapses while short-term synaptic facilitation was unaltered at PC-SOM IN synapses during 25-Hz repetitive activity. The frequency-dependent disynaptic inhibition (FDDI) mediated by SOM INs was enhanced, lasted longer and required shorter high-frequency bursts to be initiated in FHM1 mice. These findings, together with previous evidence of enhanced disynaptic feedforward inhibition by FS INs, suggest that the increased inhibition may effectively counteract the increased recurrent excitation in FHM1 mice and may even prevail in certain conditions. Considering the involvement of SOM INs in γ oscillations, surround suppression and context-dependent sensory perception, the facilitated recruitment of SOM INs, together with the enhanced recurrent excitation, may contribute to dysfunctional sensory processing in FHM1 and possibly migraine.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Migraine is a complex brain disorder, characterized by attacks of unilateral headache and global dysfunction in multisensory information processing, whose underlying cellular and circuit mechanisms remain unknown, although dysregulation of the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance in specific circuits could be a key pathogenic mechanism. Here, we provide insights into these mechanisms by investigating the cortical feedback inhibition microcircuit involving somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SOM INs) in a mouse model of a rare monogenic migraine. Despite unaltered inhibitory synaptic transmission, the disynaptic feedback inhibition mediated by SOM INs was enhanced in the migraine model because of enhanced recruitment of the INs. Recurrent cortical excitation was also enhanced. These alterations may contribute to context-dependent sensory processing dysfunctions in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Marchionni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Nadia Pilati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
- Autifony Srl, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Citta' della Speranza, Padova 35127, Italy
| | - Angelo Forli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Michele Sessolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Angelita Tottene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Daniela Pietrobon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, and National Research Council Institute of Neuroscience, Padova 35131, Italy
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35
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Frankowski JC, Tierno A, Pavani S, Cao Q, Lyon DC, Hunt RF. Brain-wide reconstruction of inhibitory circuits after traumatic brain injury. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3417. [PMID: 35701434 PMCID: PMC9197933 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fundamental importance of understanding the brain's wiring diagram, our knowledge of how neuronal connectivity is rewired by traumatic brain injury remains remarkably incomplete. Here we use cellular resolution whole-brain imaging to generate brain-wide maps of the input to inhibitory neurons in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. We find that somatostatin interneurons are converted into hyperconnected hubs in multiple brain regions, with rich local network connections but diminished long-range inputs, even at areas not directly damaged. The loss of long-range input does not correlate with cell loss in distant brain regions. Interneurons transplanted into the injury site receive orthotopic local and long-range input, suggesting the machinery for establishing distant connections remains intact even after a severe injury. Our results uncover a potential strategy to sustain and optimize inhibition after traumatic brain injury that involves spatial reorganization of the direct inputs to inhibitory neurons across the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Frankowski
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Alexa Tierno
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Shreya Pavani
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Quincy Cao
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - David C Lyon
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Robert F Hunt
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Epilepsy Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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36
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Onodera K, Kato HK. Translaminar recurrence from layer 5 suppresses superficial cortical layers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2585. [PMID: 35546553 PMCID: PMC9095870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Information flow in the sensory cortex has been described as a predominantly feedforward sequence with deep layers as the output structure. Although recurrent excitatory projections from layer 5 (L5) to superficial L2/3 have been identified by anatomical and physiological studies, their functional impact on sensory processing remains unclear. Here, we use layer-selective optogenetic manipulations in the primary auditory cortex to demonstrate that feedback inputs from L5 suppress the activity of superficial layers regardless of the arousal level, contrary to the prediction from their excitatory connectivity. This suppressive effect is predominantly mediated by translaminar circuitry through intratelencephalic neurons, with an additional contribution of subcortical projections by pyramidal tract neurons. Furthermore, L5 activation sharpened tone-evoked responses of superficial layers in both frequency and time domains, indicating its impact on cortical spectro-temporal integration. Together, our findings establish a translaminar inhibitory recurrence from deep layers that sharpens feature selectivity in superficial cortical layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koun Onodera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- JSPS Overseas Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki K Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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37
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Urrutia-Piñones J, Morales-Moraga C, Sanguinetti-González N, Escobar AP, Chiu CQ. Long-Range GABAergic Projections of Cortical Origin in Brain Function. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:841869. [PMID: 35392440 PMCID: PMC8981584 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.841869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of long-range GABAergic projections has traditionally been focused on those with subcortical origin. In the last few years, cortical GABAergic neurons have been shown to not only mediate local inhibition, but also extend long-range axons to remote cortical and subcortical areas. In this review, we delineate the different types of long-range GABAergic neurons (LRGNs) that have been reported to arise from the hippocampus and neocortex, paying attention to the anatomical and functional circuits they form to understand their role in behavior. Although cortical LRGNs are similar to their interneuron and subcortical counterparts, they comprise distinct populations that show specific patterns of cortico-cortical and cortico-fugal connectivity. Functionally, cortical LRGNs likely induce timed disinhibition in target regions to synchronize network activity. Thus, LRGNs are emerging as a new element of cortical output, acting in concert with long-range excitatory projections to shape brain function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Urrutia-Piñones
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Camila Morales-Moraga
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Nicole Sanguinetti-González
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Angelica P. Escobar
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Chiayu Q. Chiu
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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38
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Joffe ME, Maksymetz J, Luschinger JR, Dogra S, Ferranti AS, Luessen DJ, Gallinger IM, Xiang Z, Branthwaite H, Melugin PR, Williford KM, Centanni SW, Shields BC, Lindsley CW, Calipari ES, Siciliano CA, Niswender CM, Tadross MR, Winder DG, Conn PJ. Acute restraint stress redirects prefrontal cortex circuit function through mGlu 5 receptor plasticity on somatostatin-expressing interneurons. Neuron 2022; 110:1068-1083.e5. [PMID: 35045338 PMCID: PMC8930582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons orchestrate prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity, but we have a limited understanding of the molecular and experience-dependent mechanisms that regulate synaptic plasticity across PFC microcircuits. We discovered that mGlu5 receptor activation facilitates long-term potentiation at synapses from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) onto somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) in mice. This plasticity appeared to be recruited during acute restraint stress, which induced intracellular calcium mobilization within SST-INs and rapidly potentiated postsynaptic strength onto SST-INs. Restraint stress and mGlu5 receptor activation each augmented BLA recruitment of SST-IN phasic feedforward inhibition, shunting information from other excitatory inputs, including the mediodorsal thalamus. Finally, studies using cell-type-specific mGlu5 receptor knockout mice revealed that mGlu5 receptor function in SST-expressing cells is necessary for restraint stress-induced changes to PFC physiology and related behaviors. These findings provide new insights into interneuron-specific synaptic plasticity mechanisms and suggest that SST-IN microcircuits may be promising targets for treating stress-induced psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max E Joffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - James Maksymetz
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joseph R Luschinger
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shalini Dogra
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony S Ferranti
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deborah J Luessen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Isabel M Gallinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zixiu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hannah Branthwaite
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Patrick R Melugin
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kellie M Williford
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel W Centanni
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brenda C Shields
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cody A Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael R Tadross
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Danny G Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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39
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Alfieri V, Mattera A, Baldassarre G. Neural Circuits Underlying Social Fear in Rodents: An Integrative Computational Model. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:841085. [PMID: 35350477 PMCID: PMC8957808 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.841085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social avoidance in rodents arises from a complex interplay between the prefrontal cortex and subcortical structures, such as the ventromedial hypothalamus and the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter. Experimental studies are revealing the contribution of these areas, but an integrative view and model of how they interact to produce adaptive behavior are still lacking. Here, we present a computational model of social avoidance, proposing a set of integrated hypotheses on the possible macro organization of the brain system underlying this phenomenon. The model is validated by accounting for several different empirical findings and produces predictions to be tested in future experiments.
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40
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Apicella AJ, Marchionni I. VIP-Expressing GABAergic Neurons: Disinhibitory vs. Inhibitory Motif and Its Role in Communication Across Neocortical Areas. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:811484. [PMID: 35221922 PMCID: PMC8867699 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.811484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic neurons play a crucial role in shaping cortical activity. Even though GABAergic neurons constitute a small fraction of cortical neurons, their peculiar morphology and functional properties make them an intriguing and challenging task to study. Here, we review the basic anatomical features, the circuit properties, and the possible role in the relevant behavioral task of a subclass of GABAergic neurons that express vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). These studies were performed using transgenic mice in which the VIP-expressing neurons can be recognized using fluorescent proteins and optogenetic manipulation to control (or regulate) their electrical activity. Cortical VIP-expressing neurons are more abundant in superficial cortical layers than other cortical layers, where they are mainly studied. Optogenetic and paired recordings performed in ex vivo cortical preparations show that VIP-expressing neurons mainly exert their inhibitory effect onto somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory neurons, leading to a disinhibitory effect onto excitatory pyramidal neurons. However, this subclass of GABAergic neurons also releases neurotransmitters onto other GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurons, suggesting other possible circuit roles than a disinhibitory effect. The heterogeneity of VIP-expressing neurons also suggests their involvement and recruitment during different functions via the inhibition/disinhibition of GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurons locally and distally, depending on the specific local circuit in which they are embedded, with potential effects on the behavioral states of the animal. Although VIP-expressing neurons represent only a tiny fraction of GABAergic inhibitory neurons in the cortex, these neurons’ selective activation/inactivation could produce a relevant behavioral effect in the animal. Regardless of the increasing finding and discoveries on this subclass of GABAergic neurons, there is still a lot of missing information, and more studies should be done to unveil their role at the circuit and behavior level in different cortical layers and across different neocortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Junior Apicella
- Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ivan Marchionni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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41
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Hage TA, Bosma-Moody A, Baker CA, Kratz MB, Campagnola L, Jarsky T, Zeng H, Murphy GJ. Synaptic connectivity to L2/3 of primary visual cortex measured by two-photon optogenetic stimulation. eLife 2022; 11:71103. [PMID: 35060903 PMCID: PMC8824465 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding cortical microcircuits requires thorough measurement of physiological properties of synaptic connections formed within and between diverse subclasses of neurons. Towards this goal, we combined spatially precise optogenetic stimulation with multicellular recording to deeply characterize intralaminar and translaminar monosynaptic connections to supragranular (L2/3) neurons in the mouse visual cortex. The reliability and specificity of multiphoton optogenetic stimulation were measured across multiple Cre lines, and measurements of connectivity were verified by comparison to paired recordings and targeted patching of optically identified presynaptic cells. With a focus on translaminar pathways, excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections from genetically defined presynaptic populations were characterized by their relative abundance, spatial profiles, strength, and short-term dynamics. Consistent with the canonical cortical microcircuit, layer 4 excitatory neurons and interneurons within L2/3 represented the most common sources of input to L2/3 pyramidal cells. More surprisingly, we also observed strong excitatory connections from layer 5 intratelencephalic neurons and potent translaminar inhibition from multiple interneuron subclasses. The hybrid approach revealed convergence to and divergence from excitatory and inhibitory neurons within and across cortical layers. Divergent excitatory connections often spanned hundreds of microns of horizontal space. In contrast, divergent inhibitory connections were more frequently measured from postsynaptic targets near each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A Hage
- Electrophysiology, Allen Institute for Brain Science
| | | | | | - Megan B Kratz
- Electrophysiology, Allen Institute for Brain Science
| | | | - Tim Jarsky
- Synaptic Physiology, Allen Institute for Brain Science
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Synaptic Physiology, Allen Institute for Brain Science
| | - Gabe J Murphy
- Synaptic Physiology, Allen Institute for Brain Science
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42
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Huang C, Zeldenrust F, Celikel T. Cortical Representation of Touch in Silico. Neuroinformatics 2022; 20:1013-1039. [PMID: 35486347 PMCID: PMC9588483 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-022-09576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With its six layers and ~ 12,000 neurons, a cortical column is a complex network whose function is plausibly greater than the sum of its constituents'. Functional characterization of its network components will require going beyond the brute-force modulation of the neural activity of a small group of neurons. Here we introduce an open-source, biologically inspired, computationally efficient network model of the somatosensory cortex's granular and supragranular layers after reconstructing the barrel cortex in soma resolution. Comparisons of the network activity to empirical observations showed that the in silico network replicates the known properties of touch representations and whisker deprivation-induced changes in synaptic strength induced in vivo. Simulations show that the history of the membrane potential acts as a spatial filter that determines the presynaptic population of neurons contributing to a post-synaptic action potential; this spatial filtering might be critical for synaptic integration of top-down and bottom-up information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fleur Zeldenrust
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tansu Celikel
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands ,grid.213917.f0000 0001 2097 4943School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
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43
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Li JY, Hass CA, Matthews I, Kristl AC, Glickfeld LL. Distinct recruitment of feedforward and recurrent pathways across higher-order areas of mouse visual cortex. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5024-5036.e5. [PMID: 34637748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cortical visual processing transforms features of the external world into increasingly complex and specialized neuronal representations. These transformations arise in part through target-specific routing of information; however, within-area computations may also contribute to area-specific function. Here, we sought to determine whether higher order visual cortical areas lateromedial (LM), anterolateral (AL), posteromedial (PM), and anteromedial (AM) have specialized anatomical and physiological properties by using a combination of whole-cell recordings and optogenetic stimulation of primary visual cortex (V1) axons in vitro. We discovered area-specific differences in the strength of recruitment of interneurons through feedforward and recurrent pathways, as well as differences in cell-intrinsic properties and interneuron densities. These differences were most striking when comparing across medial and lateral areas, suggesting that these areas have distinct profiles for net excitability and integration of V1 inputs. Thus, cortical areas are not defined simply by the information they receive but also by area-specific circuit properties that enable specialized filtering of these inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Charles A Hass
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ian Matthews
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amy C Kristl
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lindsey L Glickfeld
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Development, Diversity, and Death of MGE-Derived Cortical Interneurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179297. [PMID: 34502208 PMCID: PMC8430628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, cortical interneurons (INs) are a highly diverse group of cells. A key neurophysiological question concerns how each class of INs contributes to cortical circuit function and whether specific roles can be attributed to a selective cell type. To address this question, researchers are integrating knowledge derived from transcriptomic, histological, electrophysiological, developmental, and functional experiments to extensively characterise the different classes of INs. Our hope is that such knowledge permits the selective targeting of cell types for therapeutic endeavours. This review will focus on two of the main types of INs, namely the parvalbumin (PV+) or somatostatin (SOM+)-containing cells, and summarise the research to date on these classes.
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45
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Sparse Coding in Temporal Association Cortex Improves Complex Sound Discriminability. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7048-7064. [PMID: 34244361 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3167-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse auditory cortex is comprised of several auditory fields spanning the dorsoventral axis of the temporal lobe. The ventral most auditory field is the temporal association cortex (TeA), which remains largely unstudied. Using Neuropixels probes, we simultaneously recorded from primary auditory cortex (AUDp), secondary auditory cortex (AUDv), and TeA, characterizing neuronal responses to pure tones and frequency modulated (FM) sweeps in awake head-restrained female mice. As compared with AUDp and AUDv, single-unit (SU) responses to pure tones in TeA were sparser, delayed, and prolonged. Responses to FMs were also sparser. Population analysis showed that the sparser responses in TeA render it less sensitive to pure tones, yet more sensitive to FMs. When characterizing responses to pure tones under anesthesia, the distinct signature of TeA was changed considerably as compared with that in awake mice, implying that responses in TeA are strongly modulated by non-feedforward connections. Together, these findings provide a basic electrophysiological description of TeA as an integral part of sound processing along the cortical hierarchy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This is the first comprehensive characterization of the auditory responses in the awake mouse auditory temporal association cortex (TeA). The study provides the foundations for further investigation of TeA and its involvement in auditory learning, plasticity, auditory driven behaviors etc. The study was conducted using state of the art data collection tools, allowing for simultaneous recording from multiple cortical regions and numerous neurons.
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Hughes CL, Flesher SN, Weiss JM, Boninger M, Collinger JL, Gaunt RA. Perception of microstimulation frequency in human somatosensory cortex. eLife 2021; 10:65128. [PMID: 34313221 PMCID: PMC8376245 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microstimulation in the somatosensory cortex can evoke artificial tactile percepts and can be incorporated into bidirectional brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) to restore function after injury or disease. However, little is known about how stimulation parameters themselves affect perception. Here, we stimulated through microelectrode arrays implanted in the somatosensory cortex of two human participants with cervical spinal cord injury and varied the stimulus amplitude, frequency, and train duration. Increasing the amplitude and train duration increased the perceived intensity on all tested electrodes. Surprisingly, we found that increasing the frequency evoked more intense percepts on some electrodes but evoked less-intense percepts on other electrodes. These different frequency–intensity relationships were divided into three groups, which also evoked distinct percept qualities at different stimulus frequencies. Neighboring electrode sites were more likely to belong to the same group. These results support the idea that stimulation frequency directly controls tactile perception and that these different percepts may be related to the organization of somatosensory cortex, which will facilitate principled development of stimulation strategies for bidirectional BCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Hughes
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Sharlene N Flesher
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Weiss
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Michael Boninger
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Center of Excellence, Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jennifer L Collinger
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Center of Excellence, Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Robert A Gaunt
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
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Newton TH, Reimann MW, Abdellah M, Chevtchenko G, Muller EB, Markram H. In silico voltage-sensitive dye imaging reveals the emergent dynamics of cortical populations. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3630. [PMID: 34131136 PMCID: PMC8206372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) is a powerful technique for interrogating membrane potential dynamics in assemblies of cortical neurons, but with effective resolution limits that confound interpretation. To address this limitation, we developed an in silico model of VSDI in a biologically faithful digital reconstruction of rodent neocortical microcircuitry. Using this model, we extend previous experimental observations regarding the cellular origins of VSDI, finding that the signal is driven primarily by neurons in layers 2/3 and 5, and that VSDI measurements do not capture individual spikes. Furthermore, we test the capacity of VSD image sequences to discriminate between afferent thalamic inputs at various spatial locations to estimate a lower bound on the functional resolution of VSDI. Our approach underscores the power of a bottom-up computational approach for relating scales of cortical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor H Newton
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.
- IT'IS Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael W Reimann
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marwan Abdellah
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Grigori Chevtchenko
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eilif B Muller
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute (Mila), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Henry Markram
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Neural Microcircuitry, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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48
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Nesse WH, Bahmani Z, Clark K, Noudoost B. Differential Contributions of Inhibitory Subnetwork to Visual Cortical Modulations Identified via Computational Model of Working Memory. Front Comput Neurosci 2021; 15:632730. [PMID: 34093155 PMCID: PMC8173146 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.632730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrastriate visual neurons show no firing rate change during a working memory (WM) task in the absence of sensory input, but both αβ oscillations and spike phase locking are enhanced, as is the gain of sensory responses. This lack of change in firing rate is at odds with many models of WM, or attentional modulation of sensory networks. In this article we devised a computational model in which this constellation of results can be accounted for via selective activation of inhibitory subnetworks by a top-down working memory signal. We confirmed the model prediction of selective inhibitory activation by segmenting cells in the experimental neural data into putative excitatory and inhibitory cells. We further found that this inhibitory activation plays a dual role in influencing excitatory cells: it both modulates the inhibitory tone of the network, which underlies the enhanced sensory gain, and also produces strong spike-phase entrainment to emergent network oscillations. Using a phase oscillator model we were able to show that inhibitory tone is principally modulated through inhibitory network gain saturation, while the phase-dependent efficacy of inhibitory currents drives the phase locking modulation. The dual contributions of the inhibitory subnetwork to oscillatory and non-oscillatory modulations of neural activity provides two distinct ways for WM to recruit sensory areas, and has relevance to theories of cortical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Nesse
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Zahra Bahmani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kelsey Clark
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Behrad Noudoost
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Feng F, Headley DB, Nair SS. Model neocortical microcircuit supports beta and gamma rhythms. INTERNATIONAL IEEE/EMBS CONFERENCE ON NEURAL ENGINEERING : [PROCEEDINGS]. INTERNATIONAL IEEE EMBS CONFERENCE ON NEURAL ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:91-94. [PMID: 35469138 PMCID: PMC9034639 DOI: 10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gamma and beta rhythms in neocortical circuits are thought to be caused by distinct subcircuits involving different type of interneurons. However, it is not clear how these distinct but inter-linked intrinsic circuits interact with afferent drive to engender the two rhythms. We report a biophysical computational model to investigate the hypothesis that tonic and phasic drive might engender beta and gamma oscillations, respectively, in a neocortical circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65211
| | - Drew B Headley
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Satish S Nair
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65211
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50
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Katz Y, Lampl I. Cross-Whisker Adaptation of Neurons in Layer 2/3 of the Rat Barrel Cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:646563. [PMID: 33994963 PMCID: PMC8113387 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.646563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the barrel cortex respond preferentially to stimulation of one principal whisker and weakly to several adjacent whiskers. Such integration exists already in layer 4, the pivotal recipient layer of thalamic inputs. Previous studies show that cortical neurons gradually adapt to repeated whisker stimulations and that layer 4 neurons exhibit whisker specific adaptation and no apparent interactions with other whiskers. This study aimed to study the specificity of adaptation of layer 2/3 cortical cells. Towards this aim, we compared the synaptic response of neurons to either repetitive stimulation of one of two responsive whiskers or when repetitive stimulation of the two whiskers was interleaved. We found that in most layer 2/3 cells adaptation is whisker-specific. These findings indicate that despite the multi-whisker receptive fields in the cortex, the adaptation process for each whisker-pathway is mostly independent of other whiskers. A mechanism allowing high responsiveness in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Katz
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilan Lampl
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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