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Parrella JA, Leggette HR, Lu P, Wingenbach G, Baker M, Murano E. Nanofood insights: A survey of U.S. consumers' attitudes toward the use of nanotechnology in food processing. Appetite 2024; 201:107613. [PMID: 39067483 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Novel applications of nanotechnology in food processing hold tremendous potential to revolutionize the food industry and address challenges in food security and public health. Understanding and addressing consumers' evolving attitudes toward the use of nanotechnology in food processing is important to promote the technology's adoption and inform the development of regulatory frameworks that align with societal values. We used a survey research design to explore U.S. consumers' attitudes toward such uses of nanotechnology. Through the literature, we identified various cognitive and affective factors that have influenced, or have the potential to influence, consumers' attitudes, and we used those factors to develop a comprehensive regression model. We collected data from a national sample of U.S. consumers (N = 1071). The regression model accounted for 64.22% of the variance in attitudes toward nanotechnology (adjusted R2 = 62.94%). Perceived benefits, subjective norms, institutional trust, and subjective knowledge significantly and positively influenced participants' attitudes toward the use of nanotechnology in food processing while perceived risks and food technology neophobia significantly and negatively influenced participants' attitudes. These results suggest that communication strategies should emphasize consumer-centric benefits of nanotechnology, mitigate perceived risks, leverage social influences, and prioritize food safety-related messaging from institutional bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Parrella
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communications, Texas A&M University, Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, 600 John Kimbrough Blvd., College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Holli R Leggette
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communications, Texas A&M University, Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, 600 John Kimbrough Blvd., College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communications, Texas A&M University, Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, 600 John Kimbrough Blvd., College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Gary Wingenbach
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communications, Texas A&M University, Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, 600 John Kimbrough Blvd., College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Matt Baker
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communications, Texas A&M University, Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, 600 John Kimbrough Blvd., College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Elsa Murano
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, Centeq Building, 1500 Research Pkwy b130, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.
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Malakar Y, Lacey J. On the interconnected nature of risk and responsibility in the research and development of new and emerging technologies. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:1325-1338. [PMID: 37748933 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Risk analysis of new and emerging technologies requires innovative approaches that are agile, exploratory, and can accommodate broad stakeholder engagement and perspectives. Existing theories of risk governance and responsible innovation suggest that operationalizing guiding principles for engagement such as inclusion and reflection may provide a useful approach to the risk analysis of these technologies. Yet, methodologies to systematically assess how we might operationalize such guiding principles in risk analysis are limited in existing risk research. We contribute to filling this gap by demonstrating a practical methodology for examining and documenting how research and development (R&D) professionals operationalize inclusion and reflection in risk analysis and what value this provides to risk analysis in the R&D context. We use the Australian nanotechnology R&D sector as our case study, interviewing 28 experts to examine how R&D professionals have operationalized inclusion and reflection into their risk analysis practices, generating three findings. First, we describe how our research design enables the successful translation of theory into a methodology that supports an empirical assessment of the integration of these guiding principles into risk analysis practice. Second, we argue that successfully and systematically integrating inclusion and reflection in risk analysis fosters a wider understanding and identification of risk through the activation of multi-actor and multi-institutional stakeholder engagement processes. Third, we outline how this research depicts the outward-facing and introspective nature of risk analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Malakar
- Responsible Innovation Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justine Lacey
- Responsible Innovation Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Mohammad ZH, Ahmad F. Nanocoating and its application as antimicrobials in the food industry: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127906. [PMID: 37935295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanocoatings are ultra-thin layers on the nanoscale (<100 nm) that are deposited on the substrate to improve their properties and functionality. These nanocoatings provide significant advantages compared to traditional coating, including stain resistance, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, odor control and delivery of active agents, and liquid repellence properties. In the food industry, nanocoating is widely used in the food packaging sector. In this regard, nanocoating offers antimicrobials and antioxidant properties to active food packaging by incorporating active bioactive compounds into materials used in already existing packaging. The application of nanocoating is applied to these kinds of food packaging with nano coating to improve shelf life, safety, and quality of food packaging. In smart/intelligent packaging, the active packaging coating is promising food packaging, which is designed by releasing preservatives and nanocoating as an antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, barrier coating, and self-cleaning food contact surfaces. In addition, nanocoating can be used for food contact surfaces, kitchen utensils, and food processing equipment to create antimicrobial, antireflective, and dirt-repellent properties. These are critical properties for food processing, especially for meat and dairy processing facilities, which can reduce biofilm formation and prevent cross-contamination. Recently, appreciable growth in the development of the application of nanocoating as edible films for coating food products has emerged to improve food safety issues. In this regard, much scientific research in the area of nanocoating fruits and vegetables, and other food products was performed to address food safety issues. Hence, this promising technology can be a great addition to the agricultural and food industries. Thus, this review addresses the most relevant information about this technology and the applications of nanocoating in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra H Mohammad
- Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-3028, USA
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India.
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Subhasri D, Leena MM, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Factors affecting the fate of nanoencapsulates post administration. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37599624 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2245462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoencapsulation has found numerous applications in the food and nutraceutical industries. Micro and nanoencapsulated forms of bioactives have proven benefits in terms of stability, release, and performance in the body. However, the encapsulated ingredient is often subjected to a wide range of processing conditions and this is followed by storage, consumption, and transit along the gastrointestinal tract. A strong understanding of the fate of nanoencapsulates in the biological system is mandatory as it provides valuable insights for ingredient selection, formulation, and application. In addition to their efficacy, there is also the need to assess the safety of ingested nanoencapsulates. Given the rising research and commercial focus of this subject, this review provides a strong focus on their interaction factors and mechanisms, highlighting their prospective biological fate. This review also covers various approaches to studying the fate of nanoencapsulates in the body. Also, with emphasis on the overall scope, the need for a new advanced integrated common methodology to evaluate the fate of nanoencapsulates post-administration is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Subhasri
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, India
| | - M Maria Leena
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - J A Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, India
| | - C Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, India
- CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, Industrial Estate PO, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
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Liu R, Liu K, Cui G, Tan M. Change of Cell Toxicity of Food-Borne Nanoparticles after Forming Protein Coronas with Human Serum Albumin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1261-1271. [PMID: 34978192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) can form protein coronas with plasma proteins after entering the biological environment due to their surface adsorption ability. In this study, the effects of protein coronas of roast squid food-borne nanoparticles (FNPs) with human serum albumin (HSA) on the HepG-2 and normal rat kidney (NRK) cells were investigated. The hydrodynamic diameters of the HSA and HSA-FNPs were 8 and 13 nm, respectively. The cytotoxicity and cell membrane damage of FNPs to HepG-2 cells increased with the increase of roasting temperature. The presence of 4.78 × 10-3 mol/L FNPs increased the numbers of cellular necrosis and prolonged the G2 phase of the cell cycle. The formation of protein coronas of squid FNPs mitigated the autophagy phenomenon by FNPs on HepG-2 cells. Moreover, protein coronas reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in the HepG-2 and NRK cells and the production of reactive oxygen species caused by FNPs. The abnormal contents of oxidative stress indicators such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and catalase in HepG-2 and NRK cells induced by FNPs were alleviated due to the presence of HSA. These results suggested that the protein coronas formed by HSA on FNPs mitigated the cytotoxicity compared with the bare FNPs, thus providing insights into the interaction of squid FNPs with HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggang Liu
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Gangjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Kangjing Liu
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Gangjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Guoxin Cui
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Gangjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Gangjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
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6
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Effects of stirring during gelatinization and shaking during hydrolysis on the characteristics of short-chain glucan aggregates (SCGA). Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A review on recent technologies adopted by food industries and intervention of 2D-inorganic nanoparticles in food packaging applications. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hossain A, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Mahari S, Kerry RG, Maitra S, Sarkar S, Saha S, Bhadra P, Popov M, Islam MT, Hejnak V, Vachova P, Gaber A, Islam T. Application of Nanomaterials to Ensure Quality and Nutritional Safety of Food. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2021; 2021:1-19. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9336082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are emerging novel tools for preserving quality, enhancing shelf life, and ensuring food safety. Owing to the distinctive physicochemical characters, engineered NMs under varying sizes and dimensions have great potentials for application in the manufacturing, packaging, processing, and safety of quality agrifood. The promise of various kinds of novel NMs that are useful for food industries has opened a possibility of a new revolution in agroprocessing industries in both the emerging and advanced nations. The rapid advancement of nanoscience has provided a great impact on material science that has allowed researchers to understand every aspect of molecular complexity and its functions in life sciences. The reduced size of NMs that increase the surface area is useful in the specific target of different organs, and biodegradable nanospheres are helpful in the transport of bioactive molecules across the cellular barriers. However, nanotechnology creates a great revolution in several sections including agriculture and food industry and also reduces environmental pollution, while the toxicity of some NMs in the food industry poses a great concern to researchers for their greater application. However, most of the developed countries have regulatory control acts but developing countries do not have them yet. Therefore, for the safe use of NMs and also to minimize the health and environmental risks in both the developed and developing countries, it is indispensable to recognize the toxicity-constructed, toxicodynamic, and toxicokinetic features of NMs, which should carefully be emphasized at the home and industrial levels. The current study highlights the updates of the NMs to safeguard the quality and nutritional safety of foods at home and also at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hossain
- Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Subhasis Mahari
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Rout George Kerry
- Post-Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management & Information Technology, 761211, Khordha, Odisha, India
| | - Sagar Maitra
- Department of Agronomy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, 761211, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, 741252, Nadia, India
| | - Saikat Saha
- Nadia Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Gayeshpur, 741234, Nadia, India
| | - Preetha Bhadra
- Department of Biotechnology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, 761211 Odisha, India
| | - Marek Popov
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mst. Tanjina Islam
- Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Vachova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
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9
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Yang T, Duncan TV. Challenges and potential solutions for nanosensors intended for use with foods. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:251-265. [PMID: 33712739 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-adapted detection technologies could improve the safety and quality of foods, provide new methods to combat fraud and be useful tools in our arsenal against bioterrorism. Yet despite hundreds of published studies on nanosensors each year targeted to the food and agriculture space, there are few nanosensors on the market in this area and almost no nanotechnology-enabled methods employed by public health agencies for food analysis. This Review shows that the field is currently being held back by technical, regulatory, political, legal, economic, environmental health and safety, and ethical challenges. We explore these challenges in detail and provide suggestions about how they may be surmounted. Strategies that may have particular effectiveness include improving funding opportunities and publication venues for nanosensor validation, social science and patent landscape studies; prioritizing research and development of nanosensors that are specifically designed for rapid analysis in non-laboratory settings; and incorporating platform cost and adaptability into early design decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxi Yang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL, USA
| | - Timothy V Duncan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL, USA.
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10
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Song Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Lai B, Liu K, Tan M. Protein corona formation of human serum albumin with carbon quantum dots from roast salmon. Food Funct 2021; 11:2358-2367. [PMID: 32125329 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02967b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
When food-borne nanoparticles enter biological systems, they can interact with various proteins to form protein coronas, which can affect their physicochemical properties and biological identity. In this study, the protein corona formation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from roast salmon with human serum albumin (HSA) was explored. Furthermore, the biological identity of the HSA-CQD coronas, in relation to cell apoptosis, energy, glucose and lipid metabolism and acute toxicity in mice, was also investigated. The HSA-CQD coronas were formed between HSA and CQDs via a static binding mechanism, and the binding site of CQDs on HSA was located at both Sudlow's site I and site II. After entering the cytoplasm, the HSA-CQD coronas became localized in the lysosomes and autolysosomes. Importantly, the HSA coronas reduced the cytotoxicity of the CQDs from 18.65% to 9.26%, and the energy metabolism was rectified by changing from glycolytic to aerobic metabolism. The glucose and lipid metabolite profile of cells exposed to the HSA-CQD coronas differed from that of those treated with CQDs, indicating that the HSA-CQD coronas rectified metabolic disturbances caused by CQDs. Histopathological and blood biochemical analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the treated and control mice after a single CQDs dose of 2000 mg per kg body weight. Overall, the results confirmed the formation of protein coronas between HSA and food-borne fluorescent CQDs, and could be helpful for evaluating the safety of fluorescent CQDs in cooked food items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, China. and Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, China. and Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, China. and Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Bin Lai
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, China. and Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Kangjing Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, China. and Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, China. and Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Song Y, Liu K, Su W, Hou S, Che T, Tan M. Construction and evaluation of an iron delivery system by ultra-small nanoparticles from roast sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckiid). Food Funct 2021; 12:1147-1155. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02746d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new type of ultra-small food-borne nanoparticles with multiple functional groups from roast sturgeon were prepared, which had potential as efficient nanocarriers for Fe(ii) delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Song
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Ganjingzi District
- China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
| | - Kangjing Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Ganjingzi District
- China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
| | - Wentao Su
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Ganjingzi District
- China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
| | - Shuai Hou
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Ganjingzi District
- China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
| | - Tongtong Che
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Ganjingzi District
- China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Ganjingzi District
- China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
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12
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Skeeters SS, Rosu AC, Divyanshi, Yang J, Zhang K. Comparative Determination of Cytotoxicity of Sub-10 nm Copper Nanoparticles to Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50203-50211. [PMID: 33124795 PMCID: PMC7764564 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles demonstrate antibacterial activity, but their toxicity to eukaryotic systems is less understood. Here, we carried out a comparative study to determine the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of sub-10 nm copper nanoparticles to a variety of biological systems, including prokaryotic cells (Escherichia coli), yeast, mammalian cell lines (HEK293T, PC12), and zebrafish embryos. We determined the bearing threshold for the cell-death-inducing concentration of copper nanoparticles by probing cell growth, viability, as well as embryological features. To exclude the partial toxicity effect from the remnant reactants, we developed a purification approach using agarose gel electrophoresis. Purified CuONP solution inhibits bacterial growth and causes eukaryotic cell death at 170 and 122.5 ppm (w/w) during the 18 h of treatment, respectively. CuONP significantly reduces the pigmentation of retina pigmented epithelium of zebrafish embryos at 85 ppm. The cytotoxicity of CuONP in eukaryotic cells could arise from the oxidative stress induced by CuONP. This result suggests that small copper nanoparticles exert cytotoxicity in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, and therefore, caution should be used to avoid direct contact of copper nanoparticles to human tissues considering the potential use of copper nanoparticles in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savanna S. Skeeters
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 600 S Matthews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Ana C Rosu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 600 S Matthews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Divyanshi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 600 S Matthews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 600 S Matthews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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Siegrist M, Hartmann C. Consumer acceptance of novel food technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:343-350. [PMID: 37128090 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-0094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel food technologies are important for food security, safety and sustainability. Consumers, however, are often hesitant to accept them. In this narrative Review, we organize the research describing how heuristics and individual differences among consumers influence the acceptance of agri-food technologies. Associations evoked by a food technology, its perceived naturalness and trust in the industry using it influence consumer acceptance. Food neophobia, disgust sensitivity and cultural values are crucial personality factors for explaining individual differences. Using gene technology, nanotechnology, cultured meat and food irradiation as cases, we explore factors that may explain consumers' acceptance or lack of acceptance. Climate change, food supply shocks caused by crises such as pandemics and population growth are imminent threats to the food system. Therefore, disruptive food technologies will be needed to progress towards a more resilient food system. Taking into account the factors influencing consumers' perceptions of novel food technologies during the early stage of development and introduction will hopefully result in a higher acceptance of such technologies.
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Sampathkumar K, Tan KX, Loo SCJ. Developing Nano-Delivery Systems for Agriculture and Food Applications with Nature-Derived Polymers. iScience 2020; 23:101055. [PMID: 32339991 PMCID: PMC7186528 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The applications of nanotechnology are wide ranging, and developing functional nanomaterials for agri-food applications from nature-derived polymers is widely conceived as a sustainable approach that is safer for human and animal consumption. In light of this, this review focuses on the advances in the development of nano-delivery systems using nature-derived polymers for agri-food applications. The review opens with a section detailing the different types of nature-derived polymers currently being used in various applications in the agri-food industry with a special mention on microbial extracellular polymeric materials. The major applications of nano-delivery systems in the food sector, such as food fortification and food preservation, as well as in the agricultural sector for controlled release of agrochemicals using nature-derived polymers are discussed. The review ends with a perspective on the safety and public perception of nano-enabled foods with a concluding remark on future directions of incorporating nano-delivery systems for agri-food purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaarunya Sampathkumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kei Xian Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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15
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Microtechnological Tools to Achieve Sustainable Food Processes, Products, and Ingredients. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-020-09212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOne of the major challenges we face as humankind is supplying a growing world population with sufficient and healthy foods. Although from a worldwide perspective sufficient food is produced, locally, the situation can be dire. Furthermore, the production needs to be increased in a sustainable manner for future generations, which also implies prevention of food waste, and making better use of the available resources. How to contribute to this as food technologists is an ultimate question, especially since the tools that can investigate processes at relevant time scales, and dimensions, are lacking. Here we propose the use of microtechnology and show examples of how this has led to new insights in the fields of ingredient isolation (filtration), and emulsion/foam formation, which will ultimately lead to better-defined products. Furthermore, microfluidic tools have been applied for testing ingredient functionality, and for this, various examples are discussed that will expectedly contribute to making better use of more sustainably sourced starting materials (e.g., novel protein sources). This review will wrap up with a section in which we discuss future developments. We expect that it will be possible to link food properties to the effects that foods create in vivo. We thus expand the scope of this review that is technical in nature, toward physiological functionality, and ultimately to rational food design that is targeted to improve human health.
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16
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Nile SH, Baskar V, Selvaraj D, Nile A, Xiao J, Kai G. Nanotechnologies in Food Science: Applications, Recent Trends, and Future Perspectives. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:45. [PMID: 34138283 PMCID: PMC7770847 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a key advanced technology enabling contribution, development, and sustainable impact on food, medicine, and agriculture sectors. Nanomaterials have potential to lead qualitative and quantitative production of healthier, safer, and high-quality functional foods which are perishable or semi-perishable in nature. Nanotechnologies are superior than conventional food processing technologies with increased shelf life of food products, preventing contamination, and production of enhanced food quality. This comprehensive review on nanotechnologies for functional food development describes the current trends and future perspectives of advanced nanomaterials in food sector considering processing, packaging, security, and storage. Applications of nanotechnologies enhance the food bioavailability, taste, texture, and consistency, achieved through modification of particle size, possible cluster formation, and surface charge of food nanomaterials. In addition, the nanodelivery-mediated nutraceuticals, synergistic action of nanomaterials in food protection, and the application of nanosensors in smart food packaging for monitoring the quality of the stored foods and the common methods employed for assessing the impact of nanomaterials in biological systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Venkidasamy Baskar
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivya Selvaraj
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Hosnedlova B, Sochor J, Baron M, Bjørklund G, Kizek R. Application of nanotechnology based-biosensors in analysis of wine compounds and control of wine quality and safety: A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3271-3289. [PMID: 31809581 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1682965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is one of the most promising future technologies for the food industry. Some of its applications have already been introduced in analytical techniques and food packaging technologies. This review summarizes existing knowledge about the implementation of nanotechnology in wine laboratory procedures. The focus is mainly on recent advancements in the design and development of nanomaterial-based sensors for wine compounds analysis and assessing wine safety. Nanotechnological approaches could be useful in the wine production process, to simplify wine analysis methods, and to improve the quality and safety of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Hosnedlova
- Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Viticulture and Enology, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic.,CONEM Metallomics Nanomedicine Research Group (CMNRG), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Viticulture and Enology, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmir Baron
- Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Viticulture and Enology, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Rene Kizek
- CONEM Metallomics Nanomedicine Research Group (CMNRG), Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Solaiman SM, Algie J, Bakand S, Sluyter R, Sencadas V, Lerch M, Huang XF, Konstantinov K, Barker PJ. Nano-sunscreens – a double-edged sword in protecting consumers from harm: viewing Australian regulatory policies through the lenses of the European Union. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:122-139. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1579780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Solaiman
- School of Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jennifer Algie
- School of Management, Operations and Marketing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Shahnaz Bakand
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Vitor Sencadas
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Michael Lerch
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, School of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Konstantin Konstantinov
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Philip J. Barker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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19
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Chen Z, Zhou D, Zhou S, Jia G. Gender difference in hepatic toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles after subchronic oral exposure in Sprague‐Dawley rats. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:807-819. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public HealthPeking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public HealthPeking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Shupei Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Health Science CenterPeking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public HealthPeking University Beijing 100191 China
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20
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Song Y, Cao L, Li J, Cong S, Li D, Bao Z, Tan M. Interactions of carbon quantum dots from roasted fish with digestive protease and dopamine. Food Funct 2019; 10:3706-3716. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The carbon quantum dots from roasted fish interacted with digestive protease and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Song
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- Dalian 116034
- China
| | - Lin Cao
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- Dalian 116034
- China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- Dalian 116034
- China
| | - Shuang Cong
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- Dalian 116034
- China
| | - Dongmei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- Dalian 116034
- China
| | - Zhijie Bao
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- Dalian 116034
- China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- Dalian 116034
- China
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21
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Bi J, Li Y, Wang H, Song Y, Cong S, Yu C, Zhu BW, Tan M. Presence and Formation Mechanism of Foodborne Carbonaceous Nanostructures from Roasted Pike Eel ( Muraenesox cinereus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2862-2869. [PMID: 28613868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne nanostructures have gained more and more attention in recent years. In this paper, the presence and physicochemical properties of carbonaceous nanostructures (CNSs) from roasted pike eel ( Muraenesox cinereus) were reported. The monodispersed CNSs are strongly photoluminescent under the illustration of ultraviolet (UV) light, with a fluorescent quantum yield of 80.16%, and display excitation-dependent emission behavior. The formation of CNSs is believed to go through a process of morphology evolution, including polymerization, pyrolysis, nucleation, growth, emergence, and blossom. The optical properties of the CNSs were shown to be affected by the roasting temperature. Furthermore, cellular uptake of the CNSs was investigated, and it is shown that the CNSs were clearly absorbed into live cells and were mainly distributed within the cell cytoplasm and not in the cell nucleus. This work is among the very first reports on CNSs present in roasted fish, providing valuable insights into the formation mechanism of such nanostructures and showcasing the biodistribution of these food-originated CNSs in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Bi
- School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212013 , People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Song
- School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Cong
- School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxu Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212013 , People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian , Liaoning 116034 , People's Republic of China
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22
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Huang C, Sun M, Yang Y, Wang F, Ma X, Li J, Wang Y, Ding Q, Ying H, Song H, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Jia X, Ba Q, Wang H. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles prime a specific activation state of macrophages. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:737-750. [PMID: 28669258 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1349202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in foods, cosmetics, and medicine. Although the inhalation toxicity of TiO2 NPs has been studied, the potential adverse effects of oral exposure of low-dose TiO2 NPs are largely unclear. Herein, with macrophage cell lines, primary cells, and mouse models, we show that TiO2 NPs prime macrophages into a specific activation state characterized by excessive inflammation and suppressed innate immune function. After a month of dietary exposure in mice or exposure in vitro to TiO2 NPs (10 and 50 nm), the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages were increased, and the expressions of anti-inflammatory genes were decreased. In addition, for macrophages exposed to TiO2 NPs in vitro and in vivo, their chemotactic, phagocytic, and bactericidal activities were lower. This imbalance in the immune system could enhance the susceptibility to infections. In mice, after a month of dietary exposure to low doses of TiO2 NPs, an aggravated septic shock occurred in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge, leading to elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and reduced overall survival. Moreover, TLR4-deficient mice and primary macrophages, or TLR4-independent stimuli, showed less response to TiO2 NPs. These results demonstrate that TiO2 NPs induce an abnormal state of macrophages characterized by excessive inflammation and suppressed innate immune function in a TLR4-dependent manner, which may suggest a potential health risk, particularly for those with additional complications, such as bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research , Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Mayu Sun
- a Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research , Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Yang Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research , Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Feng Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research , Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Xueqi Ma
- a Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research , Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Jingquan Li
- b School of Public Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yilong Wang
- c Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qiurong Ding
- a Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research , Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Hao Ying
- a Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research , Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Haiyun Song
- a Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research , Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Yongning Wu
- d Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , Ministry of Health , Beijing , China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- e School of Public Health , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangdong , China
| | - Xudong Jia
- d Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , Ministry of Health , Beijing , China
| | - Qian Ba
- b School of Public Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hui Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research , Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China.,b School of Public Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,f Shanghai Clinical Center , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
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23
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Duncan TV, Singh G. Nanomaterials in Food Products: A New Analytical Challenge. NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN FOOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782626879-00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the problem of detecting, characterizing, and determining the concentration of nanomaterials in foods and other biological matrices. After providing an overview of the unique challenges associated with nanoparticle metrology in complex media, sample pretreatment methods (including extraction, digestion, and inline chromatographic separation), imaging analysis, and nanomaterial quantification methods are presented in detail. The chapter also addresses numerous methods under development, including atmospheric scanning electron microscopy, single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, immunological detection methods, and optical techniques such surface plasmon resonance. The chapter concludes with an overview of the research needs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy V. Duncan
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Bedford Park Illinois USA
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada Ottawa Canada
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24
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Kumar P, Kim KH, Bansal V, Kumar S, Dilbaghi N, Kim YH. Modern progress and future challenges in nanocarriers for probe applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Capon A, Rolfe M, Gillespie J, Smith W. Are Australians concerned about nanoparticles? A comparative analysis with established and emerging environmental health issues. Aust N Z J Public Health 2016; 39:56-62. [PMID: 25648731 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Introducing new technologies into society raises considerable public concern. We determine the public concern about nanoparticles, and compare this concern to other environmental health issues such as wind farms and coal seam gas production. METHODS A repeat cross sectional survey examining views on environmental health issues, risk, chemicals and trust was undertaken in more than 1,300 Australian residents in 2000 and 2013. Logistic regression and principal component analysis was used to investigate predictors of nanoparticle concern and identify a component structure for environmental health issues that could explain a trend of future nanoparticle concern. RESULTS Australians have a relatively low level of concern about the risks of nanoparticles to health when compared to their concerns about other environmental health issues. Items associated with concern included gender, a general wish to avoid chemicals and possibly trust in politicians. Concern over nanoparticles clustered with similar views on technological risks. CONCLUSIONS Current public concern over the risks of nanoparticles is low. However, a reframing of the issue towards 'chemicals' is likely to have a negative effect on risk perceptions. This paper raises questions about appropriate channels for the effective communication of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Capon
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales; Environmental Health Branch, Health Protection New South Wales
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26
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Chakravarty D, Erande MB, Late DJ. Graphene quantum dots as enhanced plant growth regulators: effects on coriander and garlic plants. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2772-8. [PMID: 25624024 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report investigations on the use of graphene quantum dots for growth enhancement in coriander (Coriandrum sativam L.) and garlic (Allium sativum) plants. The as-received seeds of coriander and garlic were treated with 0.2 mg mL(-1) of graphene quantum dots for 3 h before planting. RESULTS Graphene quantum dots enhanced the growth rate in coriander and garlic plants, including leaves, roots, shoots, flowers and fruits, when the seeds were treated with graphene quantum dots. CONCLUSION Our investigations open up the opportunity to use graphene quantum dots as plant growth regulators that can be used in a variety of other food plants for high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Chakravarty
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India
| | - Manisha B Erande
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India
| | - Dattatray J Late
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110001, India
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27
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Chen Z, Wang Y, Zhuo L, Chen S, Zhao L, Chen T, Li Y, Zhang W, Gao X, Li P, Wang H, Jia G. Interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with glucose on young rats after oral administration. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1633-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Capon A, Gillespie J, Rolfe M, Smith W. Comparative analysis of the labelling of nanotechnologies across four stakeholder groups. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 17:327. [PMID: 26246798 PMCID: PMC4518076 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-015-3129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Societies are constantly challenged to develop policies around the introduction of new technologies, which by their very nature contain great uncertainty. This uncertainty gives prominence to varying viewpoints which are value laden and have the ability to drastically shift policy. The issue of nanotechnologies is a prime example. The labelling of products that contain new technologies has been one policy tool governments have used to address concerns around uncertainty. Our study develops evidence regarding opinions on the labelling of products made by nanotechnologies. We undertook a computer-assisted telephone (CATI) survey of the Australian public and those involved in nanotechnologies from the academic, business and government sectors using a standardised questionnaire. Analysis was undertaken using descriptive and logistic regression techniques. We explored reluctance to purchase as a result of labelling products which contained manufactured nanomaterials both generally and across five broad products (food, cosmetics/sunscreens, medicines, pesticides, tennis racquets/computers) which represent the broad categories of products regulated by differing government agencies in Australia. We examined the relationship between reluctance to purchase and risk perception, trust, and familiarity. We found irrespective of stakeholder, most supported the labelling of products which contained manufactured nanomaterials. Perception of risk was the main driver of reluctance to purchase, while trust and familiarity were likely to have an indirect effect through risk perception. Food is likely to be the greatest product impacted by labelling. Risk perception surrounding nanotechnologies and label 'framing' on the product are key issues to be addressed in the implementation of a labelling scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Capon
- />Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
- />Environmental Health Branch, Health Protection NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - James Gillespie
- />Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Margaret Rolfe
- />University Centre for Rural Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wayne Smith
- />Environmental Health Branch, Health Protection NSW, Sydney, Australia
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Capon A, Gillespie J, Rolfe M, Smith W. Perceptions of risk from nanotechnologies and trust in stakeholders: a cross sectional study of public, academic, government and business attitudes. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:424. [PMID: 25928741 PMCID: PMC4417265 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Policy makers and regulators are constantly required to make decisions despite the existence of substantial uncertainty regarding the outcomes of their proposed decisions. Understanding stakeholder views is an essential part of addressing this uncertainty, which provides insight into the possible social reactions and tolerance of unpredictable risks. In the field of nanotechnology, large uncertainties exist regarding the real and perceived risks this technology may have on society. Better evidence is needed to confront this issue. METHODS We undertook a computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) survey of the Australian public and a parallel survey of those involved in nanotechnology from the academic, business and government sectors. Analysis included comparisons of proportions and logistic regression techniques. We explored perceptions of nanotechnology risks both to health and in a range of products. We examined views on four trust actors. RESULTS The general public's perception of risk was significantly higher than that expressed by other stakeholders. The public bestows less trust in certain trust actors than do academics or government officers, giving its greatest trust to scientists. Higher levels of public trust were generally associated with lower perceptions of risk. Nanotechnology in food and cosmetics/sunscreens were considered riskier applications irrespective of stakeholder, while familiarity with nanotechnology was associated with a reduced risk perception. CONCLUSIONS Policy makers should consider the disparities in risk and trust perceptions between the public and influential stakeholders, placing greater emphasis on risk communication and the uncertainties of risk assessment in these areas of higher concern. Scientists being the highest trusted group are well placed to communicate the risks of nanotechnologies to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Capon
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Environmental Health Branch, Health Protection NSW, 73 Miller St, North Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - James Gillespie
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Margaret Rolfe
- University Centre for Rural Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Wayne Smith
- Environmental Health Branch, Health Protection NSW, 73 Miller St, North Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Yang C, Ogaki R, Hansen L, Kjems J, Teo BM. Theranostic carbon dots derived from garlic with efficient anti-oxidative effects towards macrophages. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16874k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent garlic carbon dots with superior photostability are synthesizedviamicrowave assisted heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxu Yang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Denmark
| | - Ryosuke Ogaki
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Denmark
| | - Line Hansen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Denmark
| | - Boon Mian Teo
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Denmark
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31
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Wang Y, Yuan L, Yao C, Ding L, Li C, Fang J, Sui K, Liu Y, Wu M. A combined toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles and vitamin C in food additives. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:15333-42. [PMID: 25387158 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05480f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
At present, safety evaluation standards for nanofood additives are made based on the toxic effects of a single additive. Since the size, surface properties and chemical nature influence the toxicity of nanomaterials, the toxicity may have dramatically changed when nanomaterials are used as food additives in a complex system. Herein, we investigated the combined toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and vitamin C (Vc, ascorbic acid). The results showed that Vc increased the cytotoxicity significantly compared with that of the ZnO only NPs. When the cells were exposed to ZnO NPs at a concentration less than 15 mg L(-1), or to Vc at a concentration less than 300 mg L(-1), there was no significant cytotoxicity, both in the case of gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) and neural stem cells (NSCs). However, when 15 mg L(-1) of ZnO NPs and 300 mg L(-1) of Vc were introduced to cells together, the cell viability decreased sharply indicating significant cytotoxicity. Moreover, the significant increase in toxicity was also shown in the in vivo experiments. The dose of the ZnO NPs and Vc used in the in vivo study was calculated according to the state of food and nutrition enhancer standard. After repeated oral exposure to ZnO NPs plus Vc, the injury of the liver and kidneys in mice has been indicated by the change of these indices. These findings demonstrate that the synergistic toxicity presented in a complex system is essential for the toxicological evaluation and safety assessment of nanofood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China.
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Nanoparticles in Polymer Nanocomposite Food Contact Materials: Uses, Potential Release, and Emerging Toxicological Concerns. MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE TOXICOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6500-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Morales-Narváez E, Hassan AR, Merkoçi A. Graphene Oxide as a Pathogen-Revealing Agent: Sensing with a Digital-Like Response. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Morales-Narváez E, Hassan AR, Merkoçi A. Graphene Oxide as a Pathogen-Revealing Agent: Sensing with a Digital-Like Response. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13779-83. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Jahreis G, Wohlgemuth S, Grünz G, Martin L, Knieling M, Engel R, Türk M, Keller S. Dietary crystalline common-, micro-, nanoscale and emulsified nanoscale sitosterol reduce equally the cholesterol pool in guinea pigs, but varying nanosystems result in different sterol concentrations in serosal jejunum. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:1027-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Chen XX, Cheng B, Yang YX, Cao A, Liu JH, Du LJ, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Wang H. Characterization and preliminary toxicity assay of nano-titanium dioxide additive in sugar-coated chewing gum. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1765-1774. [PMID: 23065899 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology shows great potential for producing food with higher quality and better taste through including new additives, improving nutrient delivery, and using better packaging. However, lack of investigations on safety issues of nanofood has resulted in public fears. How to characterize engineered nanomaterials in food and assess the toxicity and health impact of nanofood remains a big challenge. Herein, a facile and highly reliable separation method of TiO2 particles from food products (focusing on sugar-coated chewing gum) is reported, and the first comprehensive characterization study on food nanoparticles by multiple qualitative and quantitative methods is provided. The detailed information on nanoparticles in gum includes chemical composition, morphology, size distribution, crystalline phase, particle and mass concentration, surface charge, and aggregation state. Surprisingly, the results show that the number of food products containing nano-TiO2 (<200 nm) is much larger than known, and consumers have already often been exposed to engineered nanoparticles in daily life. Over 93% of TiO2 in gum is nano-TiO2 , and it is unexpectedly easy to come out and be swallowed by a person who chews gum. Preliminary cytotoxicity assays show that the gum nano-TiO2 particles are relatively safe for gastrointestinal cells within 24 h even at a concentration of 200 μg mL(-1) . This comprehensive study demonstrates accurate physicochemical property, exposure, and cytotoxicity information on engineered nanoparticles in food, which is a prerequisite for the successful safety assessment of nanofood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Chen
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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37
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Ba T, Pu J, Chen T, Song Y, Gu Y, Qian Q, Xu Y, Xiang K, Wang H, Jia G. Susceptibility of young and adult rats to the oral toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1742-52. [PMID: 22945798 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have potential applications as food additives, but concerns persist about their safety. Children are identified as having the highest exposure and may face the greatest health risks. However, the toxicological sensitivity of TiO2 NPs in different ages is not clear. Here, a comparative toxicity study of TiO2 NPs in 3-week (youth) and 8-week (adult) old Sprague-Dawley rats is reported following oral exposure at doses of 0, 10, 50, 200 mg kg(-1) body weight per day for 30 days. The organ mass and histology, blood biochemistry and redox state, intestinal function, and biodistribution of NPs are characterized. The results show that TiO2 NPs induce different toxic effects on young and adult rats. The liver edema, heart injuries and non-allergic mast cell activation in stomach tissues are found in young rats. On the other hand, only slight injury in the liver and kidney and decreased intestinal permeability and molybdenum contents are found in adult rats. Furthermore, TiO2 NP exposure can provoke reductive stress (i.e., increased reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratios) in plasmas through enhancing the glucose and GSH levels in young rats or reducing the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) acitivity and GSSG levels in adult rats. These results suggest that different ages may require different biomarkers for identifying and monitoring oral toxicity of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Mandal SM, Saha S, Sengupta J, Pratihar S. Kaajal fights against eye pathogens and is safe for eye make-up: a reinvestigation of an ancient practice. Analyst 2013; 138:5197-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01085f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Presence of amorphous carbon nanoparticles in food caramels. Sci Rep 2012; 2:383. [PMID: 22540029 PMCID: PMC3337553 DOI: 10.1038/srep00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the finding of the presence of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) in different carbohydrate based food caramels, viz. bread, jaggery, sugar caramel, corn flakes and biscuits, where the preparation involves heating of the starting material. The CNPs were amorphous in nature; the particles were spherical having sizes in the range of 4–30 nm, depending upon the source of extraction. The results also indicated that particles formed at higher temperature were smaller than those formed at lower temperature. Excitation tuneable photoluminescence was observed for all the samples with quantum yield (QY) 1.2, 0.55 and 0.63%, for CNPs from bread, jaggery and sugar caramels respectively. The present discovery suggests potential usefulness of CNPs for various biological applications, as the sources of extraction are regular food items, some of which have been consumed by humans for centuries, and thus they can be considered as safe.
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