1
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Purtscher FRS, Hofer TS. Probing the range of applicability of structure- and energy-adjusted QM/MM link bonds III: QM/MM MD simulations of solid-state systems at the example of layered carbon structures. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:2186-2197. [PMID: 38795379 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
The previously introduced workflow to achieve an energetically and structurally optimized description of frontier bonds in quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM)-type applications was extended into the regime of computational material sciences at the example of a layered carbon model systems. Optimized QM/MM link bond parameters at HSEsol/6-311G(d,p) and self-consistent density functional tight binding (SCC-DFTB) were derived for graphitic systems, enabling detailed investigation of specific structure motifs occurring in graphene-derived structures v i a quantum-chemical calculations. Exemplary molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in the isochoric-isothermic (NVT) ensemble were carried out to study the intercalation of lithium and the properties of the Stone-Thrower-Wales defect. The diffusivity of lithium as well as hydrogen and proton adsorption on a defective graphene surface served as additional example. The results of the QM/MM MD simulations provide detailed insight into the applicability of the employed link-bond strategy when studying intercalation and adsorption properties of graphitic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix R S Purtscher
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas S Hofer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Liou F, Tsai HZ, Goodwin ZAH, Yang Y, Aikawa AS, Angeles BRP, Pezzini S, Nguyen L, Trishin S, Cheng Z, Zhou S, Roberts PW, Xu X, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Bellani V, Wang F, Lischner J, Crommie MF. Gate-Switchable Molecular Diffusion on a Graphene Field-Effect Transistor. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39158860 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the surface diffusion of particles on 2D devices creates opportunities for advancing microscopic processes such as nanoassembly, thin-film growth, and catalysis. Here, we demonstrate the ability to control the diffusion of F4TCNQ molecules at the surface of clean graphene field-effect transistors (FETs) via electrostatic gating. Tuning the back-gate voltage (VG) of a graphene FET switches molecular adsorbates between negative and neutral charge states, leading to dramatic changes in their diffusion properties. Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements reveal that the diffusivity of neutral molecules decreases rapidly with a decreasing VG and involves rotational diffusion processes. The molecular diffusivity of negatively charged molecules, on the other hand, remains nearly constant over a wide range of applied VG values and is dominated by purely translational processes. First-principles density functional theory calculations confirm that the energy landscapes experienced by neutral vs charged molecules lead to diffusion behavior consistent with experiment. Gate-tunability of the diffusion barrier for F4TCNQ molecules on graphene enables graphene FETs to act as diffusion switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Liou
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hsin-Zon Tsai
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zachary A H Goodwin
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BB, U.K
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yiming Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew S Aikawa
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian R P Angeles
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sergio Pezzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Luc Nguyen
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sergey Trishin
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhichao Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shizhe Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Paul W Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | | | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Johannes Lischner
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BB, U.K
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Astles T, McHugh JG, Zhang R, Guo Q, Howe M, Wu Z, Indykiewicz K, Summerfield A, Goodwin ZAH, Slizovskiy S, Domaretskiy D, Geim AK, Falko V, Grigorieva IV. In-plane staging in lithium-ion intercalation of bilayer graphene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6933. [PMID: 39138190 PMCID: PMC11322308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing efforts to optimize rechargeable Li-ion batteries led to the interest in intercalation of nanoscale layered compounds, including bilayer graphene. Its lithium intercalation has been demonstrated recently but the mechanisms underpinning the storage capacity remain poorly understood. Here, using magnetotransport measurements, we report in-operando intercalation dynamics of bilayer graphene. Unexpectedly, we find four distinct intercalation stages that correspond to well-defined Li-ion densities. Transitions between the stages occur rapidly (within 1 sec) over the entire device area. We refer to these stages as 'in-plane', with no in-plane analogues in bulk graphite. The fully intercalated bilayers represent a stoichiometric compound C14LiC14 with a Li density of ∼2.7·1014 cm-2, notably lower than fully intercalated graphite. Combining the experimental findings and DFT calculations, we show that the critical step in bilayer intercalation is a transition from AB to AA stacking which occurs at a density of ∼0.9·1014 cm-2. Our findings reveal the mechanism and limits for electrochemical intercalation of bilayer graphene and suggest possible avenues for increasing the Li storage capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Astles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James G McHugh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Madeleine Howe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zefei Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kornelia Indykiewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alex Summerfield
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zachary A H Goodwin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sergey Slizovskiy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniil Domaretskiy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andre K Geim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Vladimir Falko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Irina V Grigorieva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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4
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Kumar P, Singh G, Guan X, Roy S, Lee J, Kim IY, Li X, Bu F, Bahadur R, Iyengar SA, Yi J, Zhao D, Ajayan PM, Vinu A. The Rise of Xene Hybrids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403881. [PMID: 38899836 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Xenes, mono-elemental atomic sheets, exhibit Dirac/Dirac-like quantum behavior. When interfaced with other 2D materials such as boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, and metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides, it enables them with unique physicochemical properties, including structural stability, desirable bandgap, efficient charge carrier injection, flexibility/breaking stress, thermal conductivity, chemical reactivity, catalytic efficiency, molecular adsorption, and wettability. For example, BN acts as an anti-oxidative shield, MoS2 injects electrons upon laser excitation, and MXene provides mechanical flexibility. Beyond precise compositional modulations, stacking sequences, and inter-layer coupling controlled by parameters, achieving scalability and reproducibility in hybridization is crucial for implementing these quantum materials in consumer applications. However, realizing the full potential of these hybrid materials faces challenges such as air gaps, uneven interfaces, and the formation of defects and functional groups. Advanced synthesis techniques, a deep understanding of quantum behaviors, precise control over interfacial interactions, and awareness of cross-correlations among these factors are essential. Xene-based hybrids show immense promise for groundbreaking applications in quantum computing, flexible electronics, energy storage, and catalysis. In this timely perspective, recent discoveries of novel Xenes and their hybrids are highlighted, emphasizing correlations among synthetic parameters, structure, properties, and applications. It is anticipated that these insights will revolutionize diverse industries and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Jangmee Lee
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - In Young Kim
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fanxing Bu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Rohan Bahadur
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Sathvik Ajay Iyengar
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
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5
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Cao Q, Li Z, Cai L, Liu S, Bu Z, Yang T, Meng X, Xie R, Wang X, Li Q, Yan S. Voltage Control of Multiple Electrochemical Processes during Lithium Ion Migration in NiFe 2O 4 Ferrite. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15261-15269. [PMID: 38820131 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Li-ion-based electric field control has been attracting significant attention, since it is able to penetrate deep into materials to exhibit diverse and controllable electrochemical processes, which offer more degrees of freedom to design multifunctional devices with low power consumption. As opposed to previous studies that mainly focused on single lithiation/delithiation mechanisms, we reveal three Li-ion modulation mechanisms in the same NiFe2O4 spinel ferrite by in situ magnetometry, i.e., intercalation, conversion, and space charge, which are respectively demonstrated in high, medium, and low voltage range. During the intercalation stage, the spinel structure is preserved, and a reversible modulation of magnetization arises from the charge transfer-induced variation of Fe valence states (Fe2+/Fe3+). Conversion-driven change in magnetization is the largest up to 89 emu g-1, due to the structural and magnetic phase transitions. Although both intercalation and conversion exhibit sluggish kinetics and long response times, the space charge manifests a faster switching speed and superior durability due to its interface electrostatic effect. These results not only provide a clear and comprehensive understanding on Li-based modulation mechanisms but also facilitate multifunctional and multiscenario applications, such as multistate memory, micromagnetic actuation, artificial synapse, and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cao
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Cai
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Senmiao Liu
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zeyuan Bu
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tianxiang Yang
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xianyi Meng
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ronghuan Xie
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shishen Yan
- Spintronics Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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6
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Yang R, Mei L, Lin Z, Fan Y, Lim J, Guo J, Liu Y, Shin HS, Voiry D, Lu Q, Li J, Zeng Z. Intercalation in 2D materials and in situ studies. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:410-432. [PMID: 38755296 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Intercalation of atoms, ions and molecules is a powerful tool for altering or tuning the properties - interlayer interactions, in-plane bonding configurations, Fermi-level energies, electronic band structures and spin-orbit coupling - of 2D materials. Intercalation can induce property changes in materials related to photonics, electronics, optoelectronics, thermoelectricity, magnetism, catalysis and energy storage, unlocking or improving the potential of 2D materials in present and future applications. In situ imaging and spectroscopy technologies are used to visualize and trace intercalation processes. These techniques provide the opportunity for deciphering important and often elusive intercalation dynamics, chemomechanics and mechanisms, such as the intercalation pathways, reversibility, uniformity and speed. In this Review, we discuss intercalation in 2D materials, beginning with a brief introduction of the intercalation strategies, then we look into the atomic and intrinsic effects of intercalation, followed by an overview of their in situ studies, and finally provide our outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liang Mei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, and Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yijin Liu
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Center for 2D Quantum Heterostructures, Institute for Basic Science, and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Damien Voiry
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Qingye Lu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Zhiyuan Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Logrado AL, Cassiano TDSA, da Cunha WF, Gargano R, E Silva GM, de Oliveira Neto PH. Width effects on bilayer graphene nanoribbon polarons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14948-14959. [PMID: 38739011 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00760c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent progress in nanoelectronics suggests that stacking armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) into bilayer systems can generate materials with emergent quasiparticle properties. In this context, the impact of width changes is especially relevant. However, its effect on charged carriers remains elusive. In this work, we investigate the effect of width and interlayer interaction changes on polaron states via a hybrid Hamiltonian that couples the electronic and lattice interactions. Results show the rising of two interlayer polarons: the non-symmetric and the symmetric. The coupling strength needed to induce the transition between states depends on the nanoribbon width, being at the most extreme case of ≈174 meV. Electronic properties such as the coupling strength threshold, carrier size, and gap are shown to respect the AGNR width family 3p, 3p + 1, and 3p + 2 rule. The findings demonstrate that strong interlayer interaction simultaneously delocalizes the carriers and reduces the gap up to 0.6 eV. Additionally, it is found that some layers are more prone to share charge, indicating a potential heterogeneous stacking where a particular electronic pathway is favored. The results present an encouraging prospect for integrating AGNR bilayers in future flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Lima Logrado
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70919-970, Brasília, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Ricardo Gargano
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70919-970, Brasília, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Neto
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70919-970, Brasília, Brazil.
- International Center of Physics, University of Brasília, 70919-970, Brazil
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8
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Hou Y, Zhou J, Xue M, Yu M, Han Y, Zhang Z, Lu Y. Strain Engineering of Twisted Bilayer Graphene: The Rise of Strain-Twistronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311185. [PMID: 38616775 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The layer-by-layer stacked van der Waals structures (termed vdW hetero/homostructures) offer a new paradigm for materials design-their physical properties can be tuned by the vertical stacking sequence as well as by adding a mechanical twist, stretch, and hydrostatic pressure to the atomic structure. In particular, simple twisting and stacking of two layers of graphene can form a uniform and ordered Moiré superlattice, which can effectively modulate the electrons of graphene layers and lead to the discovery of unconventional superconductivity and strong correlations. However, the twist angle of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) is almost unchangeable once the interlayer stacking is determined, while applying mechanical elastic strain provides an alternative way to deeply regulate the electronic structure by controlling the lattice spacing and symmetry. In this review, diverse experimental advances are introduced in straining tBLG by in-plane and out-of-plane modes, followed by the characterizations and calculations toward quantitatively tuning the strain-engineered electronic structures. It is further discussed that the structural relaxation in strained Moiré superlattice and its influence on electronic structures. Finally, the conclusion entails prospects for opportunities of strained twisted 2D materials, discussions on existing challenges, and an outlook on the intriguing emerging field, namely "strain-twistronics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jingzhuo Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Minmin Xue
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Maolin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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9
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Choi S, Son J, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Lee S. Hydrogen-Driven Low-Temperature Topotactic Transition in Nanocomb Cobaltite for Ultralow Power Ionic-Magnetic Coupled Applications. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3606-3613. [PMID: 38483316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
We reversibly control ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic ordering in an insulating ground state by annealing tensile-strained LaCoO3 films in hydrogen. This ionic-magnetic coupling occurs due to the hydrogen-driven topotactic transition between perovskite LaCoO3 and brownmillerite La2Co2O5 at a lower temperature (125-200 °C) and within a shorter time (3-10 min) than the oxygen-driven effect (500 °C, tens of hours). The X-ray and optical spectroscopic analyses reveal that the transition results from hydrogen-driven filling of correlated electrons in the Co 3d-orbitals, which successively releases oxygen by destabilizing the CoO6 octahedra into CoO4 tetrahedra. The transition is accelerated by surface exchange, diffusion of hydrogen in and oxygen out through atomically ordered oxygen vacancy "nanocomb" stripes in the tensile-strained LaCoO3 films. Our ionic-magnetic coupling with fast operation, good reproducibility, and long-term stability is a proof-of-principle demonstration of high-performance ultralow power magnetic switching devices for sensors, energy, and artificial intelligence applications, which are keys for attaining carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhee Choi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Son
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Shinbuhm Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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10
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Aygar AM, Durnan O, Molavi B, Bovey SNR, Grüneis A, Szkopek T. Mass Inversion at the Lifshitz Transition in Monolayer Graphene by Diffusive, High-Density, On-Chip Doping. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9092-9099. [PMID: 38479375 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Experimental setups for charge transport measurements are typically not compatible with the ultrahigh vacuum conditions for chemical doping, limiting the charge carrier density that can be investigated by transport methods. Field-effect methods, including dielectric gating and ionic liquid gating, achieve too low a carrier density to induce electronic phase transitions. To bridge this gap, we developed an integrated flip-chip method to dope graphene by alkali vapor in the diffusive regime, suitable for charge transport measurements at ultrahigh charge carrier density. We introduce a cesium droplet into a sealed cavity filled with inert gas to dope a monolayer graphene sample by the process of cesium atom diffusion, adsorption, and ionization at the graphene surface, with doping beyond an electron density of 4.7 × 1014 cm-2 monitored by operando Hall measurement. The sealed assembly is stable against oxidation, enabling measurement of charge transport versus temperature and magnetic field. Cyclotron mass inversion is observed via the Hall effect, indicative of the change in Fermi surface geometry associated with the Liftshitz transition at the hyperbolic M point of monolayer graphene. The transparent quartz substrate also functions as an optical window, enabling nonresonant Raman scattering. Our findings show that chemical doping, hitherto restricted to ultrahigh vacuum, can be applied in a diffusive regime at ambient pressure in an inert gas environment and thus enable charge transport studies in standard cryogenic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Melis Aygar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Québec, Montréal H3A-0E9, Canada
| | - Oliver Durnan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Bahar Molavi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Québec, Montréal H3A-0E9, Canada
| | - Sam N R Bovey
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Québec, Montréal H3A-0E9, Canada
| | - Alexander Grüneis
- Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Thomas Szkopek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Québec, Montréal H3A-0E9, Canada
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11
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Mahmoudi M, König D, Tan X, Smith SC. Lithium intercalation in two-dimensional penta-NiN 2: insights from NiN 2/NiN 2 homostructure and G/NiN 2 heterostructure. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3985-3993. [PMID: 37969033 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04155g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
High-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential to meet the requirements of emerging technologies for advanced power storage and enhanced device performance. The next generation of LIBs will require high-capacity anode materials that move beyond the lithium intercalation chemistry of conventional graphite electrodes. The use of two-dimensional (2D) bilayer structures offers immediate advantages in the development of LIBs. Herein, motivated by the recently synthesized 2D Cairo pentagon nickel diazenide (NiN2) material, we conduct a scrutiny of the intercalation process of lithium atoms in the interlayer gap of NiN2/NiN2 homostructure. Based on density functional theory (DFT), we demonstrate that the diffusion energy barrier of lithium move across the NiN2/NiN2 anode is relatively low, ranging from 0.058 to 0.52 eV, and the corresponding reversible capacity reaches a remarkable value of 499.0927 mA h g-1 per formula unit, surpassing that of graphite (372 mA h g-1). Furthermore, we investigate a 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure composed of pre-strained structures of graphene and NiN2 for use as an anode material in LIBs. It is found that the introduction of graphene leads to improvements in both electrochemical activity and deformation characteristics. The presented results provide theoretical support for the potential of bilayer structures combining NiN2, suggesting them as promising candidates for the development of high-performance anode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mahmoudi
- Integrated Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Dirk König
- Integrated Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Xin Tan
- Integrated Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Sean C Smith
- Integrated Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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12
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Purtscher FRS, Hofer TS. Towards hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical simulations of Li and Na intercalation in graphite - force field development and DFTB parametrisation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1729-1740. [PMID: 38165417 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In this work a previously established QM/MM simulation protocol for the treatment of solid-state interfaces was extended towards the treatment of layered bulk materials enabling for instance investigation of metal intercalation in graphitic carbon materials. In order to study the intercalation of Li in graphite, new density functional tight binding (DFTB) parameters for Li have been created. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at constant temperatures (273.15, 298.15 and 323.15 K) have been carried out to assess the performance of the presented DFTB MD simulation approach. The intercalation of variable lithium and sodium content was investigated via z-distribution functions and analysis of the diffusivity in the direction parallel to the graphene plane. Both the calculated diffusion coefficients and the activation energy in case of lithium are in good agreement with experimental data. The comparison of the QM/MM MD simulation results provide detailed insights into the structural and dynamical properties of intercalated metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix R S Purtscher
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Thomas S Hofer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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13
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Nessralla J, Larson DT, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Kaxiras E, Bediako DK. Modulating the Electrochemical Intercalation of Graphene Interfaces with α-RuCl 3 as a Solid-State Electron Acceptor. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10334-10341. [PMID: 37955966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Intercalation reactions modify the charge density in van der Waals (vdW) materials through coupled electronic-ionic charge accumulation and are susceptible to modulation by interlayer hybridization in vdW heterostructures. Here, we demonstrate that charge transfer between graphene and α-RuCl3, which hole-dopes the graphene, greatly favors the intercalation of lithium ions into graphene-based vdW heterostructures. We systematically tune this effect on Li+ ion intercalation, modulating the intercalation potential, by using varying thicknesses of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as spacer layers between graphene and α-RuCl3. Confocal Raman spectroscopy and electronic transport measurements are used to monitor electrochemical intercalation, and density functional theory computations help quantify charge transfer to both α-RuCl3 and graphene upon Li intercalation. This work demonstrates a versatile approach for systematically modulating the electrochemical intercalation behavior of two-dimensional layers akin to electron donating/withdrawing substituent effects used to tune molecular redox potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Nessralla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel T Larson
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Efthimios Kaxiras
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - D Kwabena Bediako
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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14
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Li L, Hu M, Hu C, Li B, Zhao S, Zhou T, Zhu J, Liu M, Li L, Jiang J, Zou C. Ultrahigh Effective Diffusion in Oxide by Engineering the Interfacial Transporter Channels. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7297-7302. [PMID: 37104700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mass storage and removal in solids always play a vital role in technological applications such as modern batteries and neuronal computations. However, they were kinetically limited by the slow diffusional process in the lattice, which made it challenging to fabricate applicable conductors with high electronic and ionic conductivities at room temperature. Here, we proposed an acid solution/WO3/ITO sandwich structure and achieved ultrafast H transport in the WO3 layer by interfacial job-sharing diffusion, which means the spatially separated transport of the H+ and e- in different layers. From the color change of WO3, the effective diffusion coefficient (Deff) was estimated, dramatically increasing ≤106 times and overwhelming values from previous reports. The experiments and simulations also revealed the universality of extending this approach to other atoms and oxides, which could stimulate systematic studies of ultrafast mixed conductors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Min Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Changlong Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Shanguang Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jinglin Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chongwen Zou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
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15
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Yu X, Ren W. 2D CdPS 3-based versatile superionic conductors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3998. [PMID: 37414802 PMCID: PMC10326001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion transport in nanochannels is crucial for applications in life science, filtration, and energy storage. However, multivalent ion transport is more difficult than the monovalent analogues due to the steric effect and stronger interactions with channel walls, and the ion mobility decreases significantly as temperature decreases. Although many kinds of solid ionic conductors (SICs) have been developed, they can attain practically useful conductivities (0.01 S cm-1) only for monovalent ions above 0 °C. Here, we report a class of versatile superionic conductors, monolayer CdPS3 nanosheets-based membranes intercalated with diverse cations with a high density up to ∼2 nm-2. They exhibit unexpectedly similar superhigh ion conductivities for monovalent (K+, Na+, Li+) and multivalent ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+), ∼0.01 to 0.8 S cm-1 in the temperature range of -30 ‒ 90 °C, which are one to two orders of magnitude higher than those of the corresponding best SICs. We reveal that the high conductivity originates from the concerted movement of high-density cations in the well-ordered nanochannels with high mobility and low energy barrier. Our work opens an avenue for designing superionic conductors that can conduct various cations and provides possibilities for discovering unusual nanofluidic phenomena in nanocapillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.
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16
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Li Z, Liu H, Zhao Z, Zhang Q, Fu X, Li X, Gu F, Zhong H, Pan Y, Chen G, Li Q, Li H, Chen Y, Gu L, Jin K, Yan S, Miao GX, Ge C, Li Q. Space-Charge Control of Magnetism in Ferromagnetic Metals: Coupling Giant Magnitude and Robust Endurance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207353. [PMID: 36479745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic metals show great prospects in ultralow-power-consumption spintronic devices, due to their high Curie temperature and robust magnetization. However, there is still a lack of reliable solutions for giant and reversible voltage control of magnetism in ferromagnetic metal films. Here, a novel space-charge approach is proposed which allows for achieving a modulation of 30.3 emu/g under 1.3 V in Co/TiO2 multilayer granular films. The robust endurance with more than 5000 cycles is demonstrated. Similar phenomena exist in Ni/TiO2 and Fe/TiO2 multilayer granular films, which shows its universality. The magnetic change of 107% in Ni/TiO2 underlines its potential in a voltage-driven ON-OFF magnetism. Such giant and reversible voltage control of magnetism can be ascribed to space-charge effect at the ferromagnetic metals/TiO2 interfaces, in which spin-polarized electrons are injected into the ferromagnetic metal layer with the adsorption of lithium-ions on the TiO2 surface. These results open the door for a promising method to modulate the magnetization in ferromagnetic metals, paving the way toward the development of ionic-magnetic-electric coupled applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Li
- University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, College of Materials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hengjun Liu
- University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, College of Materials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, College of Materials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xingke Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiangkun Li
- University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, College of Materials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fangchao Gu
- University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, College of Materials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hai Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, College of Materials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Guihuan Chen
- University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, College of Materials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qinghao Li
- University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, College of Materials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongsen Li
- University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, College of Materials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yanxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shishen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Guo-Xing Miao
- University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, College of Materials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Chen Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiang Li
- University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, College of Materials, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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17
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Zeng C, Liang J, Cui C, Zhai T, Li H. Dynamic Investigation of Battery Materials via Advanced Visualization: From Particle, Electrode to Cell Level. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200777. [PMID: 35363408 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion batteries, the most-popular secondary battery, are typically electrochemical systems controlled by ion-insertion dynamics. The battery dynamics involve mass transport, charge transfer, ion-electron coupled reactions, electrolyte penetration, ion solvation, and interfacial evolution. However, it is difficult for the traditional electrochemical methods to capture the accurate and individual details of the dynamic processes in "black box" batteries; instead, only the net result of multi-factors on the whole scale. Recently, different advanced visualization techniques have been developed, which provide powerful tools to track and monitor the internal real-time dynamic processes, giving intuitive details and fine information at various scales from crystal lattice, single particle, electrode to cell level. Here, the recent progress on the investigation of electrochemical dynamics in battery materials are reviewed, via developed techniques across wide timescales and space-scales, including the dynamic process inside the active particle, kinetics issues at the electrode/electrolyte interface, dynamic inhomogeneity in the electrode, and dynamic transportation at the cell level. Finally, the fundamental principles to improve the battery dynamics are summarized and new technologies for future more stringent conditions are highlighted. In prospect, this review opens sight on the battery interior for a clearer, deeper, and more thorough understanding of the dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Can Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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18
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Ji JY, Bao T, Wang H, Xu Y, Zhang D, Xue QK. Homogeneous Lateral Lithium Intercalation into Transition Metal Dichalcogenides via Ion Backgating. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7336-7342. [PMID: 36122383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lithium intercalation has become a versatile tool for realizing emergent quantum phenomena in two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, the insertion of lithium ions may be accompanied by the creation of wrinkles and cracks, which prevents the material from manifesting its intrinsic properties under substantial charge injection. By using the recently developed ion backgating technique, we successfully realize lateral intercalation in 1T-TiSe2 and 2H-NbSe2, which shows substantially improved sample homogeneity. The homogeneity at high lithium doping is not only demonstrated via low-temperature transport measurements but also directly visualized by topographical imaging through in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). The application of lateral intercalation to a broad spectrum of 2D materials can greatly facilitate the search for exotic quantum phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qi-Kun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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19
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Araki Y, Solís-Fernández P, Lin YC, Motoyama A, Kawahara K, Maruyama M, Gao Y, Matsumoto R, Suenaga K, Okada S, Ago H. Twist Angle-Dependent Molecular Intercalation and Sheet Resistance in Bilayer Graphene. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14075-14085. [PMID: 35921093 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bilayer graphene (BLG) has a two-dimensional (2D) interlayer nanospace that can be used to intercalate molecules and ions, resulting in a significant change of its electronic and magnetic properties. Intercalation of BLG with different materials, such as FeCl3, MoCl5, Li ions, and Ca ions, has been demonstrated. However, little is known about how the twist angle of the BLG host affects intercalation. Here, by using artificially stacked BLG with controlled twist angles, we systematically investigated the twist angle dependence of intercalation of metal chlorides. We discovered that BLG with high twist angles of >15° is more favorable for intercalation than BLG with low twist angles. Density functional theory calculations suggested that the weaker interlayer coupling in high twist angle BLG is the key for effective intercalation. Scanning transmission electron microscope observations revealed that co-intercalation of AlCl3 and CuCl2 molecules into BLG gives various 2D structures in the confined interlayer nanospace. Moreover, before intercalation we observed a significantly lower sheet resistance in BLG with high twist angles (281 ± 98 Ω/□) than that in AB stacked BLG (580 ± 124 Ω/□). Intercalation further decreased the sheet resistance, reaching values as low as 48 Ω/□, which is the lowest value reported so far for BLG. This work provides a twist angle-dependent phenomenon, in which enhanced intercalation and drastic changes of the electrical properties can be realized by controlling the stacking angle of adjacent graphene layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Araki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | | | - Yung-Chang Lin
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Amane Motoyama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawahara
- Global Innovation Center (GIC), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Mina Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yanlin Gao
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Rika Matsumoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Polytechnic University, Kanagawa 243-0297, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR-SANKEN), Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Susumu Okada
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ago
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Global Innovation Center (GIC), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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20
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Hermetic Packaging Based on Cu–Sn and Au–Au Dual Bonding for High-Temperature Graphene Pressure Sensor. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081191. [PMID: 36014113 PMCID: PMC9413212 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A chip-level hermetic package for a high-temperature graphene pressure sensor was investigated. The silicon cap, chip and substrate were stacked by Cu–Sn and Au–Au bonding to enable wide-range measurements while guaranteeing a high hermetic package. Prior to bonding, the sample was treated with Ar (5% H2) plasma. The Cu–Sn bonding was firstly performed at 260 °C for 15 min with a pressure of 9.9 MPa, and the corresponding process conditions for Au–Au bonding has increased to 300 °C, 20 min and 19.8 MPa respectively. The average shearing strength was 14.3 MPa, and an excellent leak rate of 1.72 × 10−4 Pa·cm3/s was also achieved. After high-temperature storage (HTS) at 350 °C for 10 h, the resistance of graphene decreased slightly because the dual bonding provided oxygen-free environment for graphene. The leakage rate of the device slightly increased to 2.1 × 10−4 Pa·cm3/s, and the average shear strength just decreased to 13.5 MPa. Finally, under the pressure range of 0–100 MPa, the graphene pressure sensor exhibited a high average sensitivity of 3.11 Ω/MPa. In conclusion, the dual bonding that combined Cu–Sn and Au–Au is extremely suitable for hermetic packaging in high-temperature graphene pressure sensors.
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21
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Tian H, Bazant MZ. Interfacial Resistive Switching by Multiphase Polarization in Ion-Intercalation Nanofilms. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5866-5873. [PMID: 35815943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonvolatile resistive-switching (RS) memories promise to revolutionize hardware architectures with in-memory computing. Recently, ion-interclation materials have attracted increasing attention as potential RS materials for their ion-modulated electronic conductivity. In this Letter, we propose RS by multiphase polarization (MP) of ion-intercalated thin films between ion-blocking electrodes, in which interfacial phase separation triggered by an applied voltage switches the electron-transfer resistance. We develop an electrochemical phase-field model for simulations of coupled ion-electron transport and ion-modulated electron-transfer rates and use it to analyze the MP switching current and time, resistance ratio, and current-voltage response. The model is able to reproduce the complex cyclic voltammograms of lithium titanate (LTO) memristors, which cannot be explained by existing models based on bulk dielectric breakdown. The theory predicts the achievable switching speeds for multiphase ion-intercalation materials and could be used to guide the design of high-performance MP-based RS memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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22
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Yang SJ, Jung JH, Lee E, Han E, Choi MY, Jung D, Choi S, Park JH, Oh D, Noh S, Kim KJ, Huang PY, Hwang CC, Kim CJ. Wafer-Scale Programmed Assembly of One-Atom-Thick Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1518-1524. [PMID: 35119873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline films offer various physical properties based on the modulation of their thicknesses and atomic structures. The layer-by-layer assembly of atomically thin crystals provides a powerful means to arbitrarily design films at the atomic level, which are unattainable with existing growth technologies. However, atomically clean assembly of the materials with high scalability and reproducibility remains challenging. We report programmed crystal assembly of graphene and monolayer hexagonal boron nitride, assisted by van der Waals interactions, to form wafer-scale films of pristine interfaces with near-unity yield. The atomic configurations of the films are tailored with layer-resolved compositions and in-plane crystalline orientations. We demonstrate batch-fabricated tunnel device arrays with modulation of the resistance over orders of magnitude by thickness control of the hexagonal boron nitride barrier with single-atom precision and large-scale, twisted multilayer graphene with programmable electronic band structures and crystal symmetries. Our results constitute an important development in the artificial design of large-scale films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jun Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Edmund Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Min-Yeong Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesung Jung
- Convergence Research Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseok Oh
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Siwoo Noh
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Kim
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Pinshane Y Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chan-Cuk Hwang
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Joo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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23
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Ago H, Okada S, Miyata Y, Matsuda K, Koshino M, Ueno K, Nagashio K. Science of 2.5 dimensional materials: paradigm shift of materials science toward future social innovation. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:275-299. [PMID: 35557511 PMCID: PMC9090349 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2062576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The past decades of materials science discoveries are the basis of our present society - from the foundation of semiconductor devices to the recent development of internet of things (IoT) technologies. These materials science developments have depended mainly on control of rigid chemical bonds, such as covalent and ionic bonds, in organic molecules and polymers, inorganic crystals and thin films. The recent discovery of graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials offers a novel approach to synthesizing materials by controlling their weak out-of-plane van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Artificial stacks of different types of 2D materials are a novel concept in materials synthesis, with the stacks not limited by rigid chemical bonds nor by lattice constants. This offers plenty of opportunities to explore new physics, chemistry, and engineering. An often-overlooked characteristic of vdW stacks is the well-defined 2D nanospace between the layers, which provides unique physical phenomena and a rich field for synthesis of novel materials. Applying the science of intercalation compounds to 2D materials provides new insights and expectations about the use of the vdW nanospace. We call this nascent field of science '2.5 dimensional (2.5D) materials,' to acknowledge the important extra degree of freedom beyond 2D materials. 2.5D materials not only offer a new field of scientific research, but also contribute to the development of practical applications, and will lead to future social innovation. In this paper, we introduce the new scientific concept of this science of '2.5D materials' and review recent research developments based on this new scientific concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ago
- Global Innovation Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- CONTACT Hiroki Ago Global Innovation Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka816-8580, Japan
| | - Susumu Okada
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Miyata
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | | | | | - Kosei Ueno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nagashio
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Azpeitia J, Merino P, Ruiz-Gómez S, Foerster M, Aballe L, García-Hernández M, Martín-Gago JÁ, Palacio I. LiCl Photodissociation on Graphene: A Photochemical Approach to Lithium Intercalation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42205-42211. [PMID: 34432411 PMCID: PMC8431332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interest in the research of the structural and electronic properties between graphene and lithium has bloomed since it has been proven that the use of graphene as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries ameliorates their performance and stability. Here, we investigate an alternative route to intercalate lithium underneath epitaxially grown graphene on iridium by means of photon irradiation. We grow thin films of LiCl on top of graphene on Ir(111) and irradiate the system with soft X-ray photons, which leads to a cascade of physicochemical reactions. Upon LiCl photodissociation, we find fast chlorine desorption and a complex sequence of lithium intercalation processes. First, it intercalates, forming a disordered structure between graphene and iridium. On increasing the irradiation time, an ordered Li(1 × 1) surface structure forms, which evolves upon extensive photon irradiation. For sufficiently long exposure times, lithium diffusion within the metal substrate is observed. Thermal annealing allows for efficient lithium desorption and full recovery of the pristine G/Ir(111) system. We follow in detail the photochemical processes using a multitechnique approach, which allows us to correlate the structural, chemical, and electronic properties for every step of the intercalation process of lithium underneath graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Azpeitia
- Materials
Science Factory, Dept. Surfaces, Coatings and Molecular Astrophysics, Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Merino
- Materials
Science Factory, Dept. Surfaces, Coatings and Molecular Astrophysics, Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Física Fundamental, CSIC, Serrano 121, E28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Ruiz-Gómez
- ALBA
Synchrotron, Carrer de
la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - Michael Foerster
- ALBA
Synchrotron, Carrer de
la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - Lucía Aballe
- ALBA
Synchrotron, Carrer de
la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - Mar García-Hernández
- Materials
Science Factory, Dept. Surfaces, Coatings and Molecular Astrophysics, Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ángel Martín-Gago
- Materials
Science Factory, Dept. Surfaces, Coatings and Molecular Astrophysics, Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Palacio
- Materials
Science Factory, Dept. Surfaces, Coatings and Molecular Astrophysics, Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Williard N, Hendricks C, Chung J, Pecht M. Effects of external pressure on phase stability and diffusion rate in lithium-ion cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Zhou J, Lin Z, Ren H, Duan X, Shakir I, Huang Y, Duan X. Layered Intercalation Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004557. [PMID: 33984164 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2D layered materials typically feature strong in-plane covalent chemical bonding within each atomic layer and weak out-of-plane van der Waals (vdW) interactions between adjacent layers. The non-bonding nature between neighboring layers naturally results in a vdW gap, in which various foreign species may be inserted without breaking the in-plane covalent bonds. By tailoring the composition, size, structure, and electronic properties of the intercalated guest species and the hosting layered materials, an expansive family of layered intercalation materials may be produced with highly variable compositional and structural features as well as widely tunable physical/chemical properties, invoking unprecedented opportunities in fundamental studies of property modulation and potential applications in diverse technologies, including electronics, optics, superconductors, thermoelectrics, catalysis, and energy storage. Here, the principles and protocols for various intercalation methods, including wet chemical intercalation, gas-phase intercalation, electrochemical intercalation, and ion-exchange intercalation, are comprehensively reviewed and how the intercalated species alter the crystal structure and the interlayer coupling of the host 2D layered materials, introducing unusual physical and chemical properties and enabling devices with superior performance or unique functions, is discussed. To conclude, a brief summary on future research opportunities and emerging challenges in the layered intercalation materials is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Huaying Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xidong Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Imran Shakir
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Centre, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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27
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Xia Y, Zhao T, Zhu X, Zhao Y, He H, Hung CT, Zhang X, Chen Y, Tang X, Wang J, Li W, Zhao D. Inorganic-organic competitive coating strategy derived uniform hollow gradient-structured ferroferric oxide-carbon nanospheres for ultra-fast and long-term lithium-ion battery. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2973. [PMID: 34016965 PMCID: PMC8137936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gradient-structure is ideal nanostructure for conversion-type anodes with drastic volume change. Here, we demonstrate an inorganic-organic competitive coating strategy for constructing gradient-structured ferroferric oxide-carbon nanospheres, in which the deposition of ferroferric oxide nanoparticles and polymerization of carbonaceous species are competitive and well controlled by the reaction thermodynamics. The synthesized gradient-structure with a uniform size of ~420 nm consists of the ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (4-8 nm) in carbon matrix, which are aggregated into the inner layer (~15 nm) with high-to-low component distribution from inside to out, and an amorphous carbon layer (~20 nm). As an anode material, the volume change of the gradient-structured ferroferric oxide-carbon nanospheres can be limited to ~22% with ~7% radial expansion, thus resulting in stable reversible specific capacities of ~750 mAh g-1 after ultra-long cycling of 10,000 cycles under ultra-fast rate of 10 A g-1. This unique inorganic-organic competitive coating strategy bring inspiration for nanostructure design of functional materials in energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tiancong Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohang Zhu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haili He
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chin-te Hung
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xingmiao Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinlei Tang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jinxiu Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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28
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Xue Y, Xia Y, Yang S, Alsaid Y, Fong KY, Wang Y, Zhang X. Atomic-scale ion transistor with ultrahigh diffusivity. Science 2021; 372:501-503. [PMID: 33926952 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb5144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biological ion channels rapidly and selectively gate ion transport through atomic-scale filters to maintain vital life functions. We report an atomic-scale ion transistor exhibiting ultrafast and highly selective ion transport controlled by electrical gating in graphene channels around 3 angstroms in height, made from a single flake of reduced graphene oxide. The ion diffusion coefficient reaches two orders of magnitude higher than the coefficient in bulk water. Atomic-scale ion transport shows a threshold behavior due to the critical energy barrier for hydrated ion insertion. Our in situ optical measurements suggest that ultrafast ion transport likely originates from highly dense packing of ions and their concerted movement inside the graphene channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Xue
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sui Yang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yousif Alsaid
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - King Yan Fong
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Faculty of Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Raghavan A, Slocombe L, Spreinat A, Ward DJ, Allison W, Ellis J, Jardine AP, Sacchi M, Avidor N. Alkali metal adsorption on metal surfaces: new insights from new tools. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7822-7829. [PMID: 33179674 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of sodium on Ru(0001) is studied using 3He spin-echo spectroscopy (HeSE), molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and density functional theory (DFT). In the multi-layer regime, an analysis of helium reflectivity, gives an electron-phonon coupling constant of λ = 0.64 ± 0.06. At sub-monolayer coverage, DFT calculations show that the preferred adsorption site changes from hollow site to top site as the supercell increases and the effective coverage, θ, is reduced from 0.25 to 0.0625 adsorbates per substrate atom. Energy barriers and adsorption geometries taken from DFT are used in molecular dynamics calculations to generate simulated data sets for comparison with measurements. We introduce a new Bayesian method of analysis that compares measurement and model directly, without assuming analytic lineshapes. The value of adsorbate-substrate energy exchange rate (friction) in the MD simulation is the sole variable parameter. Experimental data at a coverage θ = 0.028 compares well with the low-coverage DFT result, giving an effective activation barrier Eeff = 46 ± 4 meV with a friction γ = 0.3 ps-1. Better fits to the data can be achieved by including additional variable parameters, but in all cases, the mechanism of diffusion is predominantly on a Bravais lattice, suggesting a single adsorption site in the unit cell, despite the close packed geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Raghavan
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, UK.
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30
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Xiong F, Yalon E, McClellan CJ, Zhang J, Aslan B, Sood A, Sun J, Andolina CM, Saidi WA, Goodson KE, Heinz TF, Cui Y, Pop E. Tuning electrical and interfacial thermal properties of bilayer MoS 2via electrochemical intercalation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:265202. [PMID: 33601363 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe78a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layered two-dimensional (2D) materials such as MoS2have attracted much attention for nano- and opto-electronics. Recently, intercalation (e.g. of ions, atoms, or molecules) has emerged as an effective technique to modulate material properties of such layered 2D films reversibly. We probe both the electrical and thermal properties of Li-intercalated bilayer MoS2nanosheets by combining electrical measurements and Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrate reversible modulation of carrier density over more than two orders of magnitude (from 0.8 × 1012to 1.5 × 1014cm-2), and we simultaneously obtain the thermal boundary conductance between the bilayer and its supporting SiO2substrate for an intercalated system for the first time. This thermal coupling can be reversibly modulated by nearly a factor of eight, from 14 ± 4.0 MW m-2K-1before intercalation to 1.8 ± 0.9 MW m-2K-1when the MoS2is fully lithiated. These results reveal electrochemical intercalation as a reversible tool to modulate and control both electrical and thermal properties of 2D layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Eilam Yalon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Connor J McClellan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Burak Aslan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Aditya Sood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Christopher M Andolina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Wissam A Saidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Kenneth E Goodson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
| | - Eric Pop
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
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31
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Meng C, Das P, Shi X, Fu Q, Müllen K, Wu ZS. In Situ and Operando Characterizations of 2D Materials in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics The Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Pratteek Das
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics The Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics The Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics The Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Zhong-Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics The Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
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Yazdani S, Pondick JV, Kumar A, Yarali M, Woods JM, Hynek DJ, Qiu DY, Cha JJ. Heterointerface Effects on Lithium-Induced Phase Transitions in Intercalated MoS 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10603-10611. [PMID: 33596044 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intercalation-induced phase transition of MoS2 from the semiconducting 2H to the semimetallic 1T' phase has been studied in detail for nearly a decade; however, the effects of a heterointerface between MoS2 and other two-dimensional (2D) crystals on the phase transition have largely been overlooked. Here, ab initio calculations show that intercalating Li at a MoS2-hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) interface stabilizes the 1T phase over the 2H phase of MoS2 by ∼100 mJ m -2, suggesting that encapsulating MoS2 with hBN may lower the electrochemical energy needed for the intercalation-induced phase transition. However, in situ Raman spectroscopy of hBN-MoS2-hBN heterostructures during the electrochemical intercalation of Li+ shows that the phase transition occurs at the same applied voltage for the heterostructure as for bare MoS2. We hypothesize that the predicted thermodynamic stabilization of the 1T'-MoS2-hBN interface is counteracted by an energy barrier to the phase transition imposed by the steric hindrance of the heterointerface. The phase transition occurs at lower applied voltages upon heating the heterostructure, which supports our hypothesis. Our study highlights that interfacial effects of 2D heterostructures can go beyond modulating electrical properties and can modify electrochemical and phase transition behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Yazdani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Joshua V Pondick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Aakash Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Milad Yarali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - John M Woods
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - David J Hynek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Judy J Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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Lee J, Ha Y, Lee S. Hydrogen Control of Double Exchange Interaction in La 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 for Ionic-Electric-Magnetic Coupled Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007606. [PMID: 33576067 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic tuning of ion concentrations has attracted significant attention for creating versatile functionalities of materials, which are impossible to reach using classical control knobs. Despite these merits, the following fundamental questions remain: how do ions affect the electronic bandstructure, and how do ions simultaneously change the electrical and magnetic properties? Here, by annealing platinum-dotted La0.67 Sr0.33 MnO3 films in hydrogen and argon at a lower temperature of 200 °C for several minutes, a reversible change in resistivity is achieved by three orders of magnitude with tailored ferromagnetic magnetization. The transition occurs through the tuning of the double exchange interaction, ascribed to an electron-doping-induced and/or a lattice-expansion-induced modulation, along with an increase in the hydrogen concentration. High reproducibility, long-term stability, and multilevel linearity are appealing for ionic-electric-magnetic coupled applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyoung Ha
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinbuhm Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
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Cao Q, Grote F, Huβmann M, Eigler S. Emerging field of few-layered intercalated 2D materials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:963-982. [PMID: 36133283 PMCID: PMC9417328 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00987c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry and physics of intercalated layered 2D materials (2DMs) are the focus of this review article. Special attention is given to intercalated bilayer and few-layer systems. Thereby, intercalated few-layers of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides play the major role; however, also other intercalated 2DMs develop fascinating properties with thinning down. Here, we briefly introduce the historical background of intercalation and explain concepts, which become relevent with intercalating few-layers. Then, we describe various synthetic methods to yield intercalated 2DMs and focus next on current research directions, which are superconductivity, band gap tuning, magnetism, optical properties, energy storage and chemical reactions. We focus on major breakthroughs in all introduced sections and give an outlook to this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraβe 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Fabian Grote
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraβe 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Marleen Huβmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraβe 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraβe 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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Li Y, Yan H, Xu B, Zhen L, Xu CY. Electrochemical Intercalation in Atomically Thin van der Waals Materials for Structural Phase Transition and Device Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000581. [PMID: 32725672 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In van der Waals (vdWs) materials and heterostructures, the interlayers are bonded by weak vdWs interactions due to the lack of dangling bonds. The vdWs gap at the homo- or heterointerface provides great freedom to enrich the tunability of electronic structures by external intercalation of foreign ions or atoms at the interface, leading to the discovery of new physics and functionalities. Herein, the recent progress on electrochemical intercalation of foreign species into atomically thin vdWs materials for structural phase transition and device applications is reviewed and future opportunities are discussed. First, several kinds of electrochemical intercalation platforms to achieve the intercalation in vdWs materials and heterostructures are introduced. Next, the in situ characterization of electrochemical intercalation dynamics by state-of-the-art techniques is summarized, including optical techniques, scanning probe techniques, and electrical transport. Moreover, particular attention is paid on the experimentally reported phase transition and multifunctional applications of intercalated devices. Finally, future applications and challenges of intercalation in vdWs materials and heterostructures are proposed, including the intrinsic intercalation mechanism of solid ion conductors, exact identification of intercalated foreign species by near-field optical techniques, and the tunability of intercalation kinetics for ultrafast switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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Wang Z, Sun Z, Li J, Shi Y, Sun C, An B, Cheng HM, Li F. Insights into the deposition chemistry of Li ions in nonaqueous electrolyte for stable Li anodes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3178-3210. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive understanding of the Li deposition chemistry from Li+ to Li atom is crucial for suppressing dendrite formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Zhenhua Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Juan Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Ying Shi
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Chengguo Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan 114051
- China
| | - Baigang An
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan 114051
- China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Feng Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
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Wang C, Ning Y, Huang H, Li S, Xiao C, Chen Q, Peng L, Guo S, Li Y, Liu C, Wu ZS, Li X, Chen L, Gao C, Wu C, Fu Q. Operando surface science methodology reveals surface effect in charge storage electrodes. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa289. [PMID: 34691600 PMCID: PMC8288451 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface and interface play critical roles in energy storage devices, calling for operando characterization techniques to probe the electrified surfaces/interfaces. In this work, surface science methodology, including electron spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy, has been successfully applied to visualize electrochemical processes at operating electrode surfaces in an Al/graphite model battery. Intercalation of anions together with cations is directly observed in the surface region of a graphite electrode with tens of nanometers thickness, the concentration of which is one order higher than that in bulk. An intercalation pseudocapacitance mechanism and a double specific capacity in the electrode surface region are expected based on the super-dense intercalants and anion/cation co-intercalation, which are in sharp contrast to the battery-like mechanism in the electrode bulk. The distinct electrochemical mechanism at the electrode surface is verified by performance tests of real battery devices, showing that a surface-dominant, nanometer-thick graphite cathode outperforms a bulk-dominant, micrometer-thick graphite cathode. Our findings highlight the important surface effect of working electrodes in charge storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanxiao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haibo Huang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanhai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuainan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yifan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhong-Shuai Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Wu Z, Lu J, Shi T, Zhao X, Zhang X, Yang Y, Wu F, Li Y, Liu Q, Liu M. A Habituation Sensory Nervous System with Memristors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004398. [PMID: 33063391 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sensory nervous system (SNS) builds up the association between external stimuli and the response of organisms. In this system, habituation is a fundamental characteristic that filters out irrelevantly repetitive information and makes the SNS adapt to the external environment. To emulate this critical process in electronic devices, a Lix SiOy -based memristor (TiN/Lix SiOy /Pt) is developed where the temporal response under repetitive stimulation is similar to that of habituation. By connecting this synaptic device to a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron based on a Ag/SiO2 :Ag/Au memristor, a fully memristive SNS with habituation is experimentally demonstrated. Finally, a habituation spiking neural network based on the SNS is built and its application in obstacle avoidance for robot navigation is successfully presented. The results provide that a direct emulation of the biologically inspired learning process by memristors could be a sound choice for neuromorphic hardware implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jikai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tuo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311122, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xumeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Facai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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39
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Galashev AE, Rakhmanova OR, Isakov AV. Molecular Dynamic Behavior of Lithium Atoms in a Flat Silicene Pore on a Copper Substrate. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793120040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Martins VL, Neves HR, Monje IE, Leite MM, Oliveira PFMDE, Antoniassi RM, Chauque S, Morais WG, Melo EC, Obana TT, Souza BL, Torresi RM. An Overview on the Development of Electrochemical Capacitors and Batteries - part II. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200800. [PMID: 32638868 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the second part of the review on electrochemical energy storage, the devolvement of batteries is explored. First, fundamental aspects of battery operation will be given, then, different materials and chemistry of rechargeable batteries will be explored, including each component of the cell. In negative electrodes, metallic, intercalation and transformation materials will be addressed. Examples are Li or Na metal batteries, graphite and other carbonaceous materials (such as graphene) for intercalation of metal-ions and transition metal oxides and silicon for transformation. In the positive electrode section, materials for intercalation and transformation will be reviewed. The state-of-the-art on intercalation as lithium cobalt oxide and nickel containing oxides will be approached for intercalation materials, whereas sulfur and metal-air will also be explored for transformation. Alongside, the role of electrolyte will be discussed concerning performance and safety, with examples for the next generation devices. Finally, a general future perspective will address both electrochemical capacitors and batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor L Martins
- Depto. Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Herbert R Neves
- Depto. Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivonne E Monje
- Depto. Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina M Leite
- Depto. Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Susana Chauque
- Depto. Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - William G Morais
- Depto. Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Melo
- Depto. Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago T Obana
- Depto. Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Breno L Souza
- Depto. Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto M Torresi
- Depto. Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Nijamudheen A, Sarbapalli D, Hui J, Rodríguez-López J, Mendoza-Cortes JL. Impact of Surface Modification on the Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Intercalation Efficiency and Capacity of Few-Layer Graphene Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19393-19401. [PMID: 32109048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In a conventional lithium-ion battery (LIB), graphite forms the negative electrode or anode. Although Na is considered one of the most attractive alternatives to Li, achieving reversible Na intercalation within graphitic materials under ambient conditions remains a challenge. More efficient carbonaceous anode materials are desired for developing advanced LIBs and beyond Li-ion battery technologies. We hypothesized that two-dimensional materials with distinct surface electronic properties create conditions for ion insertion into few-layer graphene (FLG) anodes. This is because modification of the electrode/electrolyte interface potentially modifies the energetics and mechanisms of ion intercalation in the thin bulk of FLG. Through first-principles calculations; we show that the electronic, structural, and thermodynamic properties of FLG anodes can be fine-tuned by a covalent heteroatom substitution at the uppermost layer of the FLG electrode, or by interfacing FLG with a single-side fluorinated graphene or a Janus-type hydrofluorographene monolayer. When suitably interfaced with the 2D surface modifier, FLG exhibits favorable thermodynamics for the Li+, Na+, and K+ intercalation. Remarkably, the reversible binding of Na within carbon layers becomes thermodynamically allowed, and a large storage capacity can be achieved for the Na intercalated modified FLG anodes. The origin of charge-transfer promoted electronic tunability of modified FLGs is rationalized by various theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nijamudheen
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Scientific Computing, Materials Science and Engineering, High Performance Materials Institute, Condensed Matter Theory-National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Dipobrato Sarbapalli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jingshu Hui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jose L Mendoza-Cortes
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Scientific Computing, Materials Science and Engineering, High Performance Materials Institute, Condensed Matter Theory-National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, College of Arts and Science, Florida State University, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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Ye J, Simon P, Zhu Y. Designing ionic channels in novel carbons for electrochemical energy storage. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:191-201. [PMID: 34692031 PMCID: PMC8289042 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tremendous efforts have been dedicated to developing high-performance energy storage devices based on the micro- or nano-manipulation of novel carbon electrodes, as certain nanocarbons are perceived to have advantages such as high specific surface areas, superior electric conductivities, excellent mechanical properties and so on. In typical electrochemical electrodes, ions are intercalated/deintercalated into/from the bulk (for batteries) or adsorbed/desorbed on/from the surface (for electrochemical capacitors). Fast ionic transport, significantly determined by ionic channels in active electrodes or supporting materials, is a prerequisite for the efficient energy storage with carbons. In this report, we summarize recent design strategies for ionic channels in novel carbons and give comments on the promising features based on those carbons towards tailorable ionic channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Patrice Simon
- CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31062, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Yanwu Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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43
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Ding X, Wang Y. Bilayer-graphene-coated Si nanoparticles as advanced anodes for high-rate lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jia X, Hu M, Soundarapandian K, Yu X, Liu Z, Chen Z, Narita A, Müllen K, Koppens FHL, Jiang J, Tielrooij KJ, Bonn M, Wang HI. Kinetic Ionic Permeation and Interfacial Doping of Supported Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:9029-9036. [PMID: 31742413 PMCID: PMC6909232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to its outstanding electrical properties and chemical stability, graphene finds widespread use in various electrochemical applications. Although the presence of electrolytes strongly affects its electrical conductivity, the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we employ terahertz spectroscopy as a contact-free means to investigate the impact of ubiquitous cations (Li+, Na+, K+, and Ca2+) in aqueous solution on the electronic properties of SiO2-supported graphene. We find that, without applying any external potential, cations can shift the Fermi energy of initially hole-doped graphene by ∼200 meV up to the Dirac point, thus counteracting the initial substrate-induced hole doping. Remarkably, the cation concentration and cation hydration complex size determine the kinetics and magnitude of this shift in the Fermi level. Combined with theoretical calculations, we show that the ion-induced Fermi level shift of graphene involves cationic permeation through graphene. The interfacial cations located between graphene and SiO2 electrostatically counteract the substrate-induced hole doping effect in graphene. These insights are crucial for graphene device processing and further developing graphene as an ion-sensing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jia
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- The
Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Min Hu
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM
(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials),
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and
Materials Science, University of Science
and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Karuppasamy Soundarapandian
- ICFO
- Institut de Ciéncies Fotóniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zongping Chen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank H. L. Koppens
- ICFO
- Institut de Ciéncies Fotóniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM
(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials),
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and
Materials Science, University of Science
and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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45
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Abstract
Water diffusion in nanopores has attracted considerable attention in the past decades. Recently the coupling between the vibration of pore walls and movement of confined water has been recognized to largely enhance diffusion. However, its impact on water diffusion in graphene oxide membranes remains to be discussed. Here we explore how water diffusion couples with the thermal fluctuation of graphene nanochannels by molecular dynamics simulations. Our finding demonstrates an approximately linear dependence of diffusion enhancement on temperature; i.e., the wiggling nanopore enhances diffusion at low temperature and inhibits diffusion at high temperature. This mechanism is further extended to be applicable for another two typical layered materials, hBN and MoS2. These results offer opportunities to tune surface diffusion by thermal operation or mechanical activation, advancing the application of two-dimensional materials in membrane separations.
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46
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Rafique M, Feng Z, Lin Z, Wei X, Liao M, Zhang D, Jin K, Xue QK. Ionic Liquid Gating Induced Protonation of Electron-Doped Cuprate Superconductors. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7775-7780. [PMID: 31664842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ion injection controlled by electric field has attracted growing attention due to its tunability over bulk-like materials. Here, we achieve protonation of an electron-doped high-temperature superconductor, La2-xCexCuO4, by gating in the electrochemical regime of the ionic liquid. Such a process induces a superconductor-insulator transition together with the crossing of the Fermi surface reconstruction point. Applying negative voltages not only can reverse the protonation process but also recovers superconductivity in samples deteriorated by moisture in the ambient. Our work extends the application of electric-field-induced protonation into high-temperature cuprate superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Rafique
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Zhongpei Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zefeng Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xinjian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Menghan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Kui Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qi-Kun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information , Beijing 100084 , China
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47
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Lodico JJ, Lai CH, Woodall M, Chan HL, Garcia E, Hubbard WA, Dunn B, Regan BC. Irreversibility at macromolecular scales in the flake graphite of the lithium-ion battery anode. JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 2019; 436:226841. [PMID: 31824126 PMCID: PMC6904116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.226841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Charging a commercial lithium-ion battery intercalates lithium into the graphite-based anode, creating various lithium carbide structures. Despite their economic importance, these structures and the dynamics of their charging-discharging transitions are not well-understood. We have videoed single microcrystals of high-quality, natural graphite undergoing multiple lithiation-delithiation cycles. Because the equilibrium lithium-carbide compounds corresponding to full, half, and one-third charge are gold, red, and blue respectively, video observations give direct insight into both the macromolecular structures and the kinematics of charging and discharging. We find that the transport during the first lithiation is slow and orderly, and follows the core-shell or shrinking annuli model with phase boundaries moving at constant velocities (i.e. non-diffusively). Subsequent lithiations are markedly different, showing transport that is both faster and disorderly, which indicates that the initially pristine graphite is irreversibly and considerably altered during the first cycle. In all cases deintercalation is not the time-reverse of intercalation. These findings both illustrate how lithium enters nearly defect-free host material, and highlight the differences between the idealized case and an actual, cycling graphite anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared J. Lodico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
| | - Chun-Han Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Mark Woodall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
| | - Ho Leung Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
| | - Erick Garcia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
| | - William A. Hubbard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - B. C. Regan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A
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48
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Lei S, Chen X, Xiao B, Zhang W, Liu J. Excellent Electrolyte Wettability and High Energy Density of B 2S as a Two-Dimensional Dirac Anode for Non-Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28830-28840. [PMID: 31321971 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials with ultrahigh electronic conductivity exhibit great promise for application as an anode material in non-lithium-ion batteries (NLIBs) with a reduced conductive additive and a binder as a nonactive material additive. Graphene is one of the most prominent 2D Dirac materials with high electrolyte wettability; however, it cannot be used as an anode material in NLIBs owing to its poor affinity toward metal ions such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Al. In this work, we investigated the use of recently developed boron sulfide (B2S) as a new lightweight 2D Dirac anode for NLIBs on the basis of first-principles calculations. We demonstrate that B2S delivers excellent electronic conductivity and has a unique "self-doping" effect by forming S or B vacancies. The ultrahigh energy densities of 2245 and 1167 mWh/g, a product of capacity and open-circuit voltage referenced by standard hydrogen electrode potential ( Cao Nat. Nanotechnology . 2019 , 14 , 200 - 207 ), could be achieved for the B2S anode in Na- and K-ion batteries, respectively, significantly larger than those of graphene. More importantly, the B2S presents graphene-like wettability toward commonly used electrolytes in Na- and K-ion batteries, i.e., the solvent molecules and metal salt, indicating excellent compatibility. Moreover, the minimum energy path for Na- and K-ion diffusion on the B2S surface shows energy barriers of 0.19 and 0.04 eV, which indicates high ionic conductivity. Furthermore, a small contraction of the B2S lattice upon ion intercalation has been observed due to the adsorption-induced corrugation of the electrode, which offsets the lattice expansion. The results suggest that the B2S electrode can be used as a lightweight 2D Dirac anode material with excellent energy density, desirable rate performance, and robust wettability toward the electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Lei
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Chengdu University of Technology , Chengdu 610059 , China
| | - Xianfei Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Chengdu University of Technology , Chengdu 610059 , China
| | - Beibei Xiao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering , Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang 212003 , China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Chengdu University of Technology , Chengdu 610059 , China
| | - Jia Liu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , Jiangsu , China
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49
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Zielinski P, Kühne M, Kärcher D, Paolucci F, Wochner P, Fecher S, Drnec J, Felici R, Smet JH. Probing Exfoliated Graphene Layers and Their Lithiation with Microfocused X-rays. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3634-3640. [PMID: 31095394 PMCID: PMC6750871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction is measured on individual bilayer and multilayer graphene single-crystals and combined with electrochemically induced lithium intercalation. In-plane Bragg peaks are observed by grazing incidence diffraction. Focusing the incident beam down to an area of about 10 μm × 10 μm, individual flakes are probed by specular X-ray reflectivity. By deploying a recursive Parratt algorithm to model the experimental data, we gain access to characteristic crystallographic parameters of the samples. Notably, it is possible to directly extract the bi/multilayer graphene c-axis lattice parameter. The latter is found to increase upon lithiation, which we control using an on-chip peripheral electrochemical cell layout. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of in situ X-ray diffraction on individual, micron-sized single crystallites of few- and bilayer two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Zielinski
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Kühne
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Kärcher
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Federico Paolucci
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Wochner
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sven Fecher
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Roberto Felici
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jurgen H. Smet
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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50
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Hennighausen Z, Lane C, Benabbas A, Mendez K, Eggenberger M, Champion PM, Robinson JT, Bansil A, Kar S. Oxygen-Induced In Situ Manipulation of the Interlayer Coupling and Exciton Recombination in Bi 2Se 3/MoS 2 2D Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15913-15921. [PMID: 30964277 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures are more than a sum of the parent 2D materials, but are also a product of the interlayer coupling, which can induce new properties. In this paper, we present a method to tune the interlayer coupling in Bi2Se3/MoS2 2D heterostructures by regulating the oxygen presence in the atmosphere, while applying laser or thermal energy. Our data suggest that the interlayer coupling is tuned through the diffusive intercalation and deintercalation of oxygen molecules. When one layer of Bi2Se3 is grown on monolayer MoS2, an influential interlayer coupling is formed, which quenches the signature photoluminescence (PL) peaks. However, thermally treating in the presence of oxygen disrupts the interlayer coupling, facilitating the emergence of the MoS2 PL peak. Our density functional theory calculations predict that intercalated oxygen increases the interlayer separation ∼17%, disrupting the interlayer coupling and inducing the layers to behave more electronically independent. The interlayer coupling can then be restored by thermally treating in N2 or Ar, where the peaks will requench. Hence, this is an interesting oxygen-induced switching between "non-radiative" and "radiative" exciton recombination. This switching can also be accomplished locally, controllably, and reversibly using a low-power focused laser, while changing the environment from pure N2 to air. This allows for the interlayer coupling to be precisely manipulated with submicron spatial resolution, facilitating site-programmable 2D light-emitting pixels whose emission intensity could be precisely varied by a factor exceeding 200×. Our results show that these atomically thin 2D heterostructures may be excellent candidates for oxygen sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy T Robinson
- Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , District of Columbia 20375 , United States
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