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Blanchard DC, Canteras NS. Uncertainty and anxiety: Evolution and neurobiology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105732. [PMID: 38797459 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety is a complex phenomenon: Its eliciting stimuli and circumstances, component behaviors, and functional consequences are only slowly coming to be understood. Here, we examine defense systems from field studies; laboratory studies focusing on experimental analyses of behavior; and, the fear conditioning literature, with a focus on the role of uncertainty in promoting an anxiety pattern that involves high rates of stimulus generalization and resistance to extinction. Respectively, these different areas provide information on evolved elicitors of defense (field studies); outline a defense system focused on obtaining information about uncertain threat (ethoexperimental analyses); and, provide a simple, well-researched, easily measured paradigm for analysis of nonassociative stress-enhanced fear conditioning (the SEFL). Results suggest that all of these-each of which is responsive to uncertainty-play multiple and interactive roles in anxiety. Brain system findings for some relevant models are reviewed, with suggestions that further analyses of current models may be capable of providing a great deal of additional information about these complex interactions and their underlying biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Caroline Blanchard
- Pacific Bioscience Research Institute, University of Hawaii, Manoa, USA; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Newton S Canteras
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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2
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Knox D, Parikh V. Basal forebrain cholinergic systems as circuits through which traumatic stress disrupts emotional memory regulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105569. [PMID: 38309497 PMCID: PMC10948307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Contextual and spatial systems facilitate changes in emotional memory regulation brought on by traumatic stress. Cholinergic basal forebrain (chBF) neurons provide input to contextual/spatial systems and although chBF neurons are important for emotional memory, it is unknown how they contribute to the traumatic stress effects on emotional memory. Clusters of chBF neurons that project to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) modulate fear conditioned suppression and passive avoidance, while clusters of chBF neurons that project to the hippocampus (Hipp) and PFC (i.e. cholinergic medial septum and diagonal bands of Broca (chMS/DBB neurons) are critical for fear extinction. Interestingly, neither Hipp nor PFC projecting chMS/DBB neurons are critical for fear extinction. The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is a contextual/spatial memory system that receives input from chMS/DBB neurons, but whether this chMS/DBB-RSC circuit facilitates traumatic stress effects on emotional memory remain unexplored. Traumatic stress leads to neuroinflammation and the buildup of reactive oxygen species. These two molecular processes may converge to disrupt chBF circuits enhancing the impact of traumatic stress on emotional memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Knox
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Lushchak O, Orru M, Strilbytska O, Berezovskyi V, Cherkas A, Storey KB, Bayliak M. Metabolic and immune dysfunctions in post-traumatic stress disorder: what can we learn from animal models? EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:928-945. [PMID: 38023568 PMCID: PMC10630527 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Highly stressful experiences such as terrorist attacks, domestic and sexual violence may lead to persistent pathological symptoms such as those seen in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is growing evidence of multiple metabolic and immune disorders underlying the etiology and maintenance of PTSD. However, changes in the functioning of various systems and organs associated with PTSD are not well understood. Studies of reliable animal models is one of the effective scientific tools that can be used to gain insight into the role of metabolism and immunity in the comorbidity associated with PTSD. Since much progress has been made using animal models to understand mechanisms of PTSD, we summarized metabolic and immune dysfunction in mice and humans to compare certain outcomes associated with PTSD. The systemic effects of PTSD include chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system (psycho-emotional stress), that leads to impairment of the function of the immune system, increased release of stress hormones, and metabolic changes. We discuss PTSD as a multisystem disease with its neurological, immunological, and metabolic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Lushchak
- Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Marco Orru
- Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Andriy Cherkas
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | - Maria Bayliak
- Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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On making (and turning adaptive to) maladaptive aversive memories in laboratory rodents. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105101. [PMID: 36804263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Fear conditioning and avoidance tasks usually elicit adaptive aversive memories. Traumatic memories are more intense, generalized, inflexible, and resistant to attenuation via extinction- and reconsolidation-based strategies. Inducing and assessing these dysfunctional, maladaptive features in the laboratory are crucial to interrogating posttraumatic stress disorder's neurobiology and exploring innovative treatments. Here we analyze over 350 studies addressing this question in adult rats and mice. There is a growing interest in modeling several qualitative and quantitative memory changes by exposing already stressed animals to freezing- and avoidance-related tests or using a relatively high aversive training magnitude. Other options combine aversive/fearful tasks with post-acquisition or post-retrieval administration of one or more drugs provoking neurochemical or epigenetic alterations reported in the trauma aftermath. It is potentially instructive to integrate these procedures and incorporate the measurement of autonomic and endocrine parameters. Factors to consider when defining the organismic and procedural variables, partially neglected aspects (sex-dependent differences and recent vs. remote data comparison) and suggestions for future research (identifying reliable individual risk and treatment-response predictors) are discussed.
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Li J, Tong L, Schock BC, Ji LL. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3963-3978. [PMID: 37004607 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), gaining increasing attention, is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder that occurs following a stressful or traumatic event or series of events. Recently, several studies showed a close relationship between PTSD and neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation, a defense response of the nervous system, is associated with the activation of neuroimmune cells such as microglia and astrocytes and with changes in inflammatory markers. In this review, we first analyzed the relationship between neuroinflammation and PTSD: the effect of stress-derived activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis on the main immune cells in the brain and the effect of stimulated immune cells in the brain on the HPA axis. We then summarize the alteration of inflammatory markers in brain regions related to PTSD. Astrocytes are neural parenchymal cells that protect neurons by regulating the ionic microenvironment around neurons. Microglia are macrophages of the brain that coordinate the immunological response. Recent studies on these two cell types provided new insight into neuroinflammation in PTSD. These contribute to promoting comprehension of neuroinflammation, which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimeng Li
- Department of 2nd Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bettina C Schock
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast Faculty of Medicine Health and Life Sciences, Belfast, UK
| | - Li-Li Ji
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Pang L, Li W, Yao S, Jing Y, Yin X, Cheng H. Psychological distress is involved in CRCI in breast cancer survivors via mediating cytokine levels. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36965094 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a frequent consequence in breast cancer survivors after chemotherapy and lowers their quality of life (QOL). Psychological distress is frequently experienced by breast cancer survivors. There are currently few studies investigating the role of psychological distress in the genesis of CRCI. METHODS In total, 122 breast cancer survivors after standard chemotherapy within a year were recruited and assessed using the Psychological Distress Thermometer (DT). Sixty breast cancer survivors had non-psychological distress (NPD group) and sixty-two breast cancer survivors with psychological distress (PD group). The scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), prospective and retrospective memory (PM and RM) Questionnaire (PRMQ), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and the levels of cytokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were compared between the two groups. Using PROCESS, we investigated whether psychological distress predicted cognitive function based on MMSE through IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-4. RESULTS The PD group had higher scores on RM, PM, and FACT-G and lower scores on MMSE than the NPD group (t = -11.357, t = -10.720, t = -15.419, t = 10.162, respectively; p < 0.05). Meanwhile, a higher level of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-4 was observed in the PD group than in the NPD group (t = -3.961, t = -3.396, t = -3.269, respectively; p < 0.05). The link between psychological distress and cognitive function as measured by the MMSE was also mediated by IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-4 (effect size: 26%, 25%, and 24%). CONCLUSION Breast cancer patients with psychological distress displayed poor cognitive function, poor memory, and inferior quality of life, which was accompanied by higher cytokine levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-4. This study demonstrated IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-4 as potential pathways to CRCI in response to ongoing psychological distress, which provided evidence for the involvement of psychological distress in CRCI in breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulian Pang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Senbang Yao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyan Jing
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangxiang Yin
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaidong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Parekh SV, Adams LO, Barkell GA, Lysle DT. Sex-differences in anxiety, neuroinflammatory markers, and enhanced fear learning following chronic heroin withdrawal. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:347-359. [PMID: 36633660 PMCID: PMC9879843 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and opioid use disorder (OUD) are comorbid in clinical populations. However, both pre-clinical and clinical studies of these co-occurring disorders have disproportionately represented male subjects, limiting the applicability of these findings. Our previous work has identified chronic escalating heroin administration and withdrawal can produce enhanced fear learning. This behavior is associated with an increase in dorsal hippocampal (DH) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. Further, we have shown that these increases in IL-1β and TNF-α are mechanistically necessary for the development of enhanced fear learning. Although these are exciting findings, this paradigm has only been studied in males. The current studies aim to examine sex differences in the behavioral and neuroimmune effects of chronic heroin withdrawal and future enhanced fear learning. In turn, we determined that chronic escalating heroin administration can produce withdrawal in female rats comparable to male rats. Subsequently, we examined the consequence of heroin withdrawal on future enhanced fear learning and IL-1β, TNF-α, and GFAP immunoreactivity. Strikingly, we identified sex differences in these neuroimmune measures, as chronic heroin administration and withdrawal does not produce enhanced fear learning or immunoreactivity changes in females. Moreover, we determined whether heroin withdrawal produces short-term and long-term anxiety behaviors in both female and males. Collectively, these novel experiments are the first to test whether heroin withdrawal can sensitize future fear learning, produce neurobiological changes, and cause short-term and long-term anxiety behaviors in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shveta V Parekh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Lydia O Adams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Gillian A Barkell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3720, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA.
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Barkell GA, Parekh SV, Paniccia JE, Martin AJ, Reissner KJ, Knapp DJ, Robinson SL, Thiele TE, Lysle DT. Chronic ethanol consumption exacerbates future stress-enhanced fear learning, an effect mediated by dorsal hippocampal astrocytes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2177-2190. [PMID: 36349797 PMCID: PMC10187052 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid, yet there is a lack of preclinical research investigating how prior ethanol (EtOH) dependence influences the development of a PTSD-like phenotype. Furthermore, the neuroimmune system has been implicated in the development of both AUD and PTSD, but the extent of glial involvement in this context remains unclear. A rodent model was developed to address this gap in the literature. METHODS We used a 15-day exposure to the 5% w/v EtOH low-fat Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet in combination with the stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) paradigm to investigate the effects of chronic EtOH consumption on the development of a PTSD-like phenotype. Next, we used a reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to quantify mRNA expression of glial cell markers GFAP (astrocytes) and CD68 (microglia) following severe footshock stress in EtOH-withdrawn rats. Finally, we tested the functional contribution of dorsal hippocampal (DH) astrocytes in the development of SEFL in EtOH-dependent rats using astrocyte-specific Gi designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (Gi -DREADD). RESULTS Results demonstrate that chronic EtOH consumption and withdrawal exacerbate future SEFL. Additionally, we found significantly increased GFAP mRNA expression in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus and amygdalar complex following the severe stressor in EtOH-withdrawn animals. Finally, the stimulation of the astroglial Gi -DREADD during EtOH withdrawal prevented the EtOH-induced enhancement of SEFL. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, results indicate that prior EtOH dependence and withdrawal combined with a severe stressor potentiate future enhanced fear learning. Furthermore, DH astrocytes significantly contribute to this change in behavior. Overall, these studies provide insight into the comorbidity of AUD and PTSD and the potential neurobiological mechanisms behind increased susceptibility to a PTSD-like phenotype in individuals with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Barkell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shveta V Parekh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Paniccia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alia J Martin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathryn J Reissner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darin J Knapp
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stacey L Robinson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Todd E Thiele
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Parekh SV, Adams LO, Barkell GA, Lysle DT. MDMA administration attenuates hippocampal IL-β immunoreactivity and subsequent stress-enhanced fear learning: An animal model of PTSD. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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10
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McMurray KMJ, Sah R. Neuroimmune mechanisms in fear and panic pathophysiology. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1015349. [PMID: 36523875 PMCID: PMC9745203 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1015349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) is unique among anxiety disorders in that the emotional symptoms (e.g., fear and anxiety) associated with panic are strongly linked to body sensations indicative of threats to physiological homeostasis. For example, panic attacks often present with feelings of suffocation that evoke hyperventilation, breathlessness, or air hunger. Due to the somatic underpinnings of PD, a major focus has been placed on interoceptive signaling and it is recognized that dysfunctional body-to-brain communication pathways promote the initiation and maintenance of PD symptomatology. While body-to-brain signaling can occur via several pathways, immune and humoral pathways play an important role in communicating bodily physiological state to the brain. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroimmune mediators play a role in fear and panic-associated disorders, although this has not been systematically investigated. Currently, our understanding of the role of immune mechanisms in the etiology and maintenance of PD remains limited. In the current review, we attempt to summarize findings that support a role of immune dysregulation in PD symptomology. We compile evidence from human studies and panic-relevant rodent paradigms that indicate a role of systemic and brain immune signaling in the regulation of fear and panic-relevant behavior and physiology. Specifically, we discuss how immune signaling can contribute to maladaptive body-to-brain communication and conditioned fear that are relevant to spontaneous and conditioned symptoms of PD and identify putative avenues warranting future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. J. McMurray
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Renu Sah
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Pace-Schott EF, Seo J, Bottary R. The influence of sleep on fear extinction in trauma-related disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 22:100500. [PMID: 36545012 PMCID: PMC9761387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), fear and anxiety become dysregulated following psychologically traumatic events. Regulation of fear and anxiety involves both high-level cognitive processes such as cognitive reattribution and low-level, partially automatic memory processes such as fear extinction, safety learning and habituation. These latter processes are believed to be deficient in PTSD. While insomnia and nightmares are characteristic symptoms of existing PTSD, abundant recent evidence suggests that sleep disruption prior to and acute sleep disturbance following traumatic events both can predispose an individual to develop PTSD. Sleep promotes consolidation in multiple memory systems and is believed to also do so for low-level emotion-regulatory memory processes. Consequently sleep disruption may contribute to the etiology of PTSD by interfering with consolidation in low-level emotion-regulatory memory systems. During the first weeks following a traumatic event, when in the course of everyday life resilient individuals begin to acquire and consolidate these low-level emotion-regulatory memories, those who will develop PTSD symptoms may fail to do so. This deficit may, in part, result from alterations of sleep that interfere with their consolidation, such as REM fragmentation, that have also been found to presage later PTSD symptoms. Here, sleep disruption in PTSD as well as fear extinction, safety learning and habituation and their known alterations in PTSD are first briefly reviewed. Then neural processes that occur during the early post-trauma period that might impede low-level emotion regulatory processes through alterations of sleep quality and physiology will be considered. Lastly, recent neuroimaging evidence from a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm in patient groups and their controls will be considered along with one possible neural process that may contribute to a vulnerability to PTSD following trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F. Pace-Schott
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Corresponding author. Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital - East, CNY 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Jeehye Seo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Korea University, Department of Brain & Cognitive Engineering, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryan Bottary
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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12
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Coulibaly AP. Neutrophil modulation of behavior and cognition in health and disease: The unexplored role of an innate immune cell. Immunol Rev 2022; 311:177-186. [PMID: 35924463 PMCID: PMC9804154 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Behavior and cognition are multifaceted processes influenced by genetics, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal connectivity. Recent reports have demonstrated that peripheral inflammation and peripheral immune cells play important roles in the preservation and deterioration of behavior/cognition under various conditions. Indeed, several studies show that the activity of peripheral immune cells can be critical for normal cognitive function. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in the mammalian system. Their activation is critical to the initiation of the inflammatory process and critical for wound healing. Neutrophils are the first cells to be activated and recruited to the central nervous system in both injury and disease. However, our understanding of the role these cells play in behavior and cognition is limited. The present review will summarize what is currently known about the effect the activation of these cells has on various behaviors and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminata P. Coulibaly
- Department of NeuroscienceRockefeller Neuroscience InstituteWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
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13
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DeRosa H, Richter T, Wilkinson C, Hunter RG. Bridging the Gap Between Environmental Adversity and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: The Role of Transposable Elements. Front Genet 2022; 13:813510. [PMID: 35711940 PMCID: PMC9196244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.813510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long regarded as “junk DNA,” transposable elements (TEs) have recently garnered much attention for their role in promoting genetic diversity and plasticity. While many processes involved in mammalian development require TE activity, deleterious TE insertions are a hallmark of several psychiatric disorders. Moreover, stressful events including exposure to gestational infection and trauma, are major risk factors for developing psychiatric illnesses. Here, we will provide evidence demonstrating the intersection of stressful events, atypical TE expression, and their epigenetic regulation, which may explain how neuropsychiatric phenotypes manifest. In this way, TEs may be the “bridge” between environmental perturbations and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly DeRosa
- Psychology Department, Developmental Brain Sciences Program, College of Liberal Arts, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Troy Richter
- Psychology Department, Developmental Brain Sciences Program, College of Liberal Arts, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cooper Wilkinson
- Psychology Department, Developmental Brain Sciences Program, College of Liberal Arts, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richard G Hunter
- Psychology Department, Developmental Brain Sciences Program, College of Liberal Arts, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Rayff da Silva P, Diniz Nunes Pazos N, Karla Silva do Nascimento Gonzaga T, Cabral de Andrade J, Brito Monteiro Á, Caroline Ribeiro Portela A, Fernandes Oliveira Pires H, Dos Santos Maia M, Vilar da Fonsêca D, T Scotti M, Maria Barbosa Filho J, Pergentino de Sousa D, Francisco Bezerra Felipe C, Nóbrega de Almeida R, Scotti L. Anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of monoterpene tetrahydrolinalool and in silico approach of new potential targets. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1530-1552. [PMID: 35524664 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220505104726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION- The drugs currently available for treatment of anxiety and depression act through modulation of the neurotransmission systems involved in the neurobiology of the disorder, yet they of-ten present side effects, which can impair patient adherence to treatment. METHOD- This, has driven the search for new molecules with anxiolytic and antidepressant potential. Aromatic plants are rich in essential oils, and their chemical constituents, such as monoterpenes, are be-ing studied for these disorders. This study aims to evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like poten-tial of the monoterpene tetrahydrolinalool in in vivo animal models, and review pharmacological targets with validation through molecular docking. Male Swiss mice (Mus musculus) were treated with THL (37.5-600 mg kg-1 p.o.) and submitted to the elevated plus maze, open field, rota rod, and forced swim tests. In the elevated plus-maze, THL at doses of 37.5 and 75 mg kg-1 induced a significant increase in the percentage of entries (72.7 and 64.3% respectively), and lengths of stay (80.3 and 76.8% respective-ly) in the open arms tests. RESULT- These doses did not compromise locomotor activity or motor coordination in the animals. In the open field, rota rod tests, and the forced swimming model, treatment with THL significantly reduced immobility times at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg kg-1, and by respective percentages of 69.3, 60.9 and 68.7%. CONCLUSION- In molecular docking assay, which investigated potential targets, THL presented sat-isfactory energy values for: nNOs, SGC, IL-6, 5-HT1A, NMDAr, and D1. These demonstrate the po-tential of THL (a derivative of natural origin) in in vivo and in silico models, making it a drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rayff da Silva
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Natalia Diniz Nunes Pazos
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Cabral de Andrade
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Álefe Brito Monteiro
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Anne Caroline Ribeiro Portela
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Hugo Fernandes Oliveira Pires
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Mayara Dos Santos Maia
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Diogo Vilar da Fonsêca
- Collegiate of Medicine, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, 48607-190, Rua Aurora, S/N, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcus T Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Cícero Francisco Bezerra Felipe
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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15
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Neuroinflammation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050953. [PMID: 35625690 PMCID: PMC9138406 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-known mental illness, which is caused by various stressors, including memories of past physical assaults and psychological pressure. It is diagnosed as a mental and behavioral disorder, but increasing evidence is linking it to the immune system and inflammatory response. Studies on the relationship between inflammation and PTSD revealed that patients with PTSD had increased levels of inflammatory cytokine biomarkers, such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κB, and C-reactive protein, compared with healthy controls. In addition, animal model experiments imitating PTSD patients suggested the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of PTSD. In this review, we summarize the definition of PTSD and its association with increased inflammation, its mechanisms, and future predictable diseases and treatment possibilities. We also discuss anti-inflammatory treatments to address inflammation in PTSD.
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16
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Jeong Yu H, Lin Kim Y, Jung Kim M, Mee Park J, Young Park S, Nae Park S, Won Yang D. The Effect of Choline Alphoscerate on Non spatial memory and Neuronal Differentiation in a Rat Model of Dual Stress. Brain Res 2022; 1786:147900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Subfornical organ interleukin 1 receptor: A novel regulator of spontaneous and conditioned fear associated behaviors in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:304-317. [PMID: 35032573 PMCID: PMC9836229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired threat responding and fear regulation is a hallmark of psychiatric conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Panic Disorder (PD). Most studies have focused on external psychogenic threats to study fear, however, accumulating evidence suggests a primary role of homeostatic perturbations and interoception in regulating emotional behaviors. Heightened reactivity to interoceptive threat carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation associates with increased risk for developing PD and PTSD, however, contributory mechanisms and molecular targets are not well understood. Previous studies from our group suggested a potential role of interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R1) signaling within BBB-devoid sensory circumventricular organ, the subfornical organ (SFO) in CO2-evoked fear. However, the necessity of SFO-IL-1R1 in regulating CO2-associated spontaneous fear as well as, long-term fear potentiation relevant to PD/PTSD has not been investigated. The current study tested male mice with SFO-targeted microinfusion of the IL-1R1 antagonist (IL-1RA) or vehicle in a recently developed CO2-startle-fear conditioning-extinction paradigm. Consistent with our hypothesis, SFO IL-1RA treatment elicited significant attenuation of freezing and increased rearing during CO2 inhalation suggesting SFO-IL1R1 regulation of spontaneous fear to CO2. Intriguingly, SFO IL-1RA treatment normalized CO2-associated potentiation of conditioned fear and impaired extinction a week later suggesting modulation of long-term fear by SFO-IL-1R1 signaling. Post behavior FosB mapping revealed recruitment of prefrontal cortex-amygdala-periaqueductal gray (PAG) areas in SFO-IL-1RA mediated effects. Additionally, we localized cellular IL-1R1 expression within the SFO to blood vessel endothelial cells and observed CO2-induced alterations in IL-1β/IL-1R1 expression in peripheral mononuclear cells and SFO. Lastly, CO2-evoked microglial activation was attenuated in SFO-IL-1RA treated mice. These observations suggest a peripheral monocyte-endothelial-microglia interplay in SFO-IL-1R1 modulation of CO2-associated spontaneous fear and delayed fear memory. Collectively, our data highlight a novel, "bottom-up" neuroimmune mechanism that integrates interoceptive and exteroceptive threat processing of relevance to fear-related pathologies.
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18
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Neuroprotective Effect of Acupuncture against Single Prolonged Stress-Induced Memory Impairments and Inflammation in Rat Brain via Modulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4430484. [PMID: 35251208 PMCID: PMC8890831 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4430484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental disorder that can appear after exposure to extreme stress. Acupuncture is an alternative therapy that is widely used to treat various neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cognitive and memory impairments. The aim of this study was to examine whether acupuncture stimulation at a specific acupoint (Shenmen or heart meridian, HT7) could improve memory defects caused by single prolonged stress (SPS) in rats. After exposure to SPS, acupuncture on the HT7 acupoint in male rats was performed, once daily for 21 days. We confirmed that this treatment improved fear memory, cognitive function, and spatial memory by modulating the neuroinflammation and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the brain. It also significantly inhibited the activation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β and the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 in the brain; it increased the expression of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus. Our findings provide valuable information concerning the clinical usefulness of acupuncture in the treatment of PTSD.
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19
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Dye C, Lenz KM, Leuner B. Immune System Alterations and Postpartum Mental Illness: Evidence From Basic and Clinical Research. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 2:758748. [PMID: 35224544 PMCID: PMC8866762 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.758748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The postpartum period is a time associated with high rates of depression and anxiety as well as greater risk for psychosis in some women. A growing number of studies point to aberrations in immune system function as contributing to postpartum mental illness. Here we review evidence from both clinical and animal models suggesting an immune component to postpartum depression, postpartum anxiety, and postpartum psychosis. Thus far, clinical data primarily highlights changes in peripheral cytokine signaling in disease etiology, while animal models have begun to provide insight into the immune environment of the maternal brain and how central inflammation may also be contributing to postpartum mental illnesses. Further research investigating peripheral and central immune function, along with neural and endocrine interactions, will be important in successfully developing novel prevention and treatment strategies for these serious disorders that impact a large portion of new mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Dye
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Lenz
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Benedetta Leuner
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Benedetta Leuner
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20
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Prospective association between pro-inflammatory state on admission and posttraumatic stress following acute coronary syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2022; 74:58-64. [PMID: 34915233 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The traumatic experience of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may induce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We examined whether the ACS-triggered acute inflammatory response predicts the development of PTSD symptoms. METHOD Study participants were 70 patients (all Caucasian, 80% male, mean age 59 years) with myocardial infarction (MI) during the acute treatment phase. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-1β were determined in plasma collected within 48 h of hospital admission. Participants self-assessed the severity of ACS-induced PTSD symptoms with the 17-item Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale at 12 months. RESULTS There was a significant positive association of the pro-inflammatory index (added standardized z-scores of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) with total PTSD symptom severity (ΔR2 = 0.050, p = .029) and re-experiencing symptoms (ΔR2 = 0.088, p = .008), but not avoidance/numbing and hyperarousal symptoms. Analyses were adjusted for the anti-inflammatory index (added standardized z-scores of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1), trauma-focused counseling, sex, age, time since pain onset, troponin, body mass index, and distress during MI. Results were robust when the anti-inflammatory index was removed from the model. Additional analyses showed significant associations of both the net-inflammatory index (i.e., pro-inflammatory index minus anti-inflammatory index) and IL-1β with total PTSD symptom severity, re-experiencing, and hyperarousal symptoms (ΔR2 between 0.042 and 0.090) and of IL-1β with avoidance/numbing symptoms (ΔR2 = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest an association between the pro-inflammatory state launched during ACS and the development of PTSD symptoms. Increased IL-1β may play a particular role in the pathophysiology of ACS-induced PTSD symptoms.
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21
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Amoroso M, Langgartner D, Lowry CA, Reber SO. Rapidly Growing Mycobacterium Species: The Long and Winding Road from Tuberculosis Vaccines to Potent Stress-Resilience Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312938. [PMID: 34884743 PMCID: PMC8657684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases and stressor-related psychiatric disorders, for which inflammation is a risk factor, are increasing in modern Western societies. Recent studies suggest that immunoregulatory approaches are a promising tool in reducing the risk of suffering from such disorders. Specifically, the environmental saprophyte Mycobacterium vaccae National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) 11659 has recently gained attention for the prevention and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, effective use requires a sophisticated understanding of the effects of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGMs) on microbiome–gut–immune–brain interactions. This historical narrative review is intended as a first step in exploring these mechanisms and provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies on M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related RGMs. The overall objective of this review article is to increase the comprehension of, and interest in, the mechanisms through which M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related RGMs promote stress resilience, with the intention of fostering novel clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of stressor-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Amoroso
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), The Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Senior Fellow, inVIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093, USA
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Logue MW, Zhou Z, Morrison FG, Wolf EJ, Daskalakis NP, Chatzinakos C, Georgiadis F, Labadorf AT, Girgenti MJ, Young KA, Williamson DE, Zhao X, Grenier JG, Huber BR, Miller MW. Gene expression in the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortices implicates immune-related gene networks in PTSD. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100398. [PMID: 34646915 PMCID: PMC8498459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies evaluating neuroimaging, genetically predicted gene expression, and pre-clinical genetic models of PTSD, have identified PTSD-related abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the brain, particularly in dorsolateral and ventromedial PFC (dlPFC and vmPFC). In this study, RNA sequencing was used to examine gene expression in the dlPFC and vmPFC using tissue from the VA National PTSD Brain Bank in donors with histories of PTSD with or without depression (dlPFC n = 38, vmPFC n = 35), depression cases without PTSD (n = 32), and psychopathology-free controls (dlPFC n = 24, vmPFC n = 20). Analyses compared PTSD cases to controls. Follow-up analyses contrasted depression cases to controls. Twenty-one genes were differentially expressed in PTSD after strict multiple testing correction. PTSD-associated genes with roles in learning and memory (FOS, NR4A1), immune regulation (CFH, KPNA1) and myelination (MBP, MOBP, ERMN) were identified. PTSD-associated genes partially overlapped depression-associated genes. Co-expression network analyses identified PTSD-associated networks enriched for immune-related genes across the two brain regions. However, the immune-related genes and association patterns were distinct. The immune gene IL1B was significantly associated with PTSD in candidate-gene analysis and was an upstream regulator of PTSD-associated genes in both regions. There was evidence of replication of dlPFC associations in an independent cohort from a recent study, and a strong correlation between the dlPFC PTSD effect sizes for significant genes in the two studies (r = 0.66, p < 2.2 × 10−16). In conclusion, this study identified several novel PTSD-associated genes and brain region specific PTSD-associated immune-related networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhou
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Filomene G Morrison
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Erika J Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christos Chatzinakos
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Foivos Georgiadis
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Adam T Labadorf
- Bioinformatics Hub, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Matthew J Girgenti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,TAMUCOM Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Keith A Young
- TAMUCOM Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.,VISN17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans at CTVHCS, Waco, TX, 76711, USA
| | - Douglas E Williamson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.,Durham VA Healthcare System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jaclyn Garza Grenier
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Bertrand Russell Huber
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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23
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Gene expression correlates of advanced epigenetic age and psychopathology in postmortem cortical tissue. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100371. [PMID: 34458511 PMCID: PMC8377489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric stress has been associated with accelerated epigenetic aging (i.e., when estimates of cellular age based on DNA methylation exceed chronological age) in both blood and brain tissue. Little is known about the downstream biological effects of accelerated epigenetic age on gene expression. In this study we examined associations between DNA methylation-derived estimates of cellular age that range from decelerated to accelerated relative to chronological age (“DNAm age residuals”) and transcriptome-wide gene expression. This was examined using tissue from three post-mortem cortical regions (ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and motor cortex, n = 97) from the VA National PTSD Brain Bank. In addition, we examined how posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol-use disorders (AUD) moderated the association between DNAm age residuals and gene expression. Transcriptome-wide results across brain regions, psychiatric diagnoses, and cohorts (full sample and male and female subsets) revealed experiment-wide differential expression of 11 genes in association with PTSD or AUD in interaction with DNAm age residuals. This included the inflammation-related genes IL1B, RCOR2, and GCNT1. Candidate gene class analyses and gene network enrichment analyses further supported differential expression of inflammation/immune gene networks as well as glucocorticoid, circadian, and oxidative stress-related genes. Gene co-expression network modules suggested enrichment of myelination related processes and oligodendrocyte enrichment in association with DNAm age residuals in the presence of psychopathology. Collectively, results suggest that psychiatric stress accentuates the association between advanced epigenetic age and expression of inflammation genes in the brain. This highlights the role of inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of accelerated cellular aging and suggests that inflammatory pathways may link accelerated cellular aging to premature disease onset and neurodegeneration, particularly in stressed populations. This suggests that anti-inflammatory interventions may be an important direction to pursue in evaluating ways to prevent or delay cellular aging and increase resilience to diseases of aging.
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Koo JW, Wohleb ES. How Stress Shapes Neuroimmune Function: Implications for the Neurobiology of Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:74-84. [PMID: 33485589 PMCID: PMC8126571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress causes physiological and hormonal adaptations that lead to neurobiological consequences and behavioral and cognitive impairments. In particular, chronic stress has been shown to drive reduced neurogenesis and altered synaptic plasticity in brain regions that regulate mood and motivation. The neurobiological and behavioral effects of stress resemble the pathophysiology and symptoms observed in psychiatric disorders, suggesting that there are similar underlying mechanisms. Accumulating evidence indicates that neuroimmune systems, particularly microglia, have a critical role in regulating the neurobiology of stress. Preclinical models indicate that chronic stress provokes changes in microglia phenotype and increases inflammatory cytokine signaling, which affects neuronal function and leads to synaptic plasticity deficits and impaired neurogenesis. More recent work has shown that microglia can also phagocytose neuronal elements and contribute to structural remodeling of neurons in response to chronic stress. In this review we highlight work by the Duman research group (as well as others) that has revealed how chronic stress shapes neuroimmune function and, in turn, how inflammatory mediators and microglia contribute to the neurobiological effects of chronic stress. We also provide considerations to engage the therapeutic potential of neuroimmune systems, with the goal of improving treatment for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Wook Koo
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain
Research Institute, Daegu, Korea,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk
Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Eric S. Wohleb
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology,
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of
America,Corresponding author: Eric S. Wohleb, Department
of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of
Medicine, 2120 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237 U.S.A.,
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25
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Wang YC, Chiu WC, Cheng CN, Lee C, Chih Wei Huang A. Examination of neuroinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta expression in the medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus for the paradoxical effects of reward and aversion induced by morphine. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:136076. [PMID: 34153368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has shown that abused drugs could simultaneously induce the paradoxical effect-reward and aversion. Moreover, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala, and hippocampus were involved in this paradoxical effect by abused drugs. However, no research examined whether neuroinflammatory changes in the mPFC [including cingulate cortex area 1 (Cg1); prelimbic cortex (PrL); infralimbic cortex (IL)], basolateral amygdala, and hippocampus [e.g., CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG)] after morphine-induced reward in conditioned place preference (CPP) and aversion in conditioned taste aversion (CTA). The results showed that after morphine administration, the consumption of a 0.1% saccharin solution decreased; the mean time spent in the morphine-paired side compartment of the CPP box increased, indicating that morphine simultaneously induced the paradoxical effects of reward and aversion. The PrL and IL of the mPFC, the BLA of the amygdala, the CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG of the hippocampus but not the Cg1 presented hyperactive IL-1β expression in response to morphine's aversion and reward. The mPFC, amygdala, and hippocampus may appear neuroinflammation activity following morphine-induced paradoxical effect-reward in CPP and aversion in CTA. The present data may provide a better understanding of the relationship between neuroinflammation and morphine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chou Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cai-N Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Fo Guang University, Yilan County 26247, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chiang Lee
- Department of Psychology, Fo Guang University, Yilan County 26247, Taiwan
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Parekh SV, Paniccia JE, Adams LO, Lysle DT. Hippocampal TNF-α Signaling Mediates Heroin Withdrawal-Enhanced Fear Learning and Withdrawal-Induced Weight Loss. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2963-2973. [PMID: 33580871 PMCID: PMC8128733 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is significant comorbidity of opioid use disorder (OUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in clinical populations. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between chronic opioid use and withdrawal and development of PTSD are poorly understood. Our previous work identified that chronic escalating heroin administration and withdrawal can produce enhanced fear learning, an animal model of hyperarousal, and is associated with an increase in dorsal hippocampal (DH) interleukin-1β (IL-1β). However, other cytokines, such as TNF-α, work synergistically with IL-1β and may have a role in the development of enhanced fear learning. Based on both translational rodent and clinical studies, TNF-α has been implicated in hyperarousal states of PTSD, and has an established role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. The first set of experiments tested the hypothesis that chronic heroin administration followed by withdrawal is capable of inducing alterations in DH TNF-α expression. The second set of experiments examined whether DH TNF-α expression is functionally relevant to the development of enhanced fear learning. We identified an increase of TNF-α immunoreactivity and positive cells at 0, 24, and 48 h into withdrawal in the dentate gyrus DH subregion. Interestingly, intra-DH infusions of etanercept (TNF-α inhibitor) 0, 24, and 48 h into heroin withdrawal prevented the development of enhanced fear learning and mitigated withdrawal-induced weight loss. Overall, these findings provide insight into the role of TNF-α in opioid withdrawal and the development of anxiety disorders such as PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shveta V Parekh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Paniccia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Lydia O Adams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA.
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Giuliano K, Torres-Odio S, Etchill E, Carr P, Conover Talbot C, Blue ME, Johnston MV, Baumgartner WA, Lawton JS, Wilson MA. Inflammatory profile in a canine model of hypothermic circulatory arrest. J Surg Res 2021; 264:260-273. [PMID: 33839341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) is a technique used for complex repair of the aorta, but it can be associated with neurologic morbidity. To better understand the molecular changes that underlie ischemic brain injury, we assessed gene expression and cytokine/chemokine polypeptide concentration in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of canines that underwent two hours of HCA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male canines were cannulated peripherally for cardiopulmonary bypass, cooled to 18°C, and arrested for two hours. Animals were euthanized two, eight, or 24 hours post-HCA (n = 8 per group), and their brains were compared to brains from eight normal canines, using gene expression microarray analysis, cytokine assay, and histopathology. RESULTS Two to eight hours after HCA, pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs increased markedly, and gene expression was enriched within signaling pathways related to neuroinflammation or ischemic injury. Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokine polypeptides IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and CCL2 were very low in normal canine brain, whereas anti-inflammatory IL-10 and TGF-β1 were expressed at moderate levels. Pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations rose robustly in cerebral tissue and CSF after HCA. IL-6 and IL-8 peaked at eight hours and declined at 24 hours, while IL-1β and CCL2 remained elevated. Concentrations of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and TGF-β1 were maintained after HCA, with a significant increase in TGF-β1 at 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS These cytokines represent potential diagnostic markers for ischemic neurologic injury that could be used to assess neurologic injury in patients undergoing HCA. The cellular mechanisms underlying this pro-inflammatory, ischemic-induced injury represent potential targets for neuroprotection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Giuliano
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Sylvia Torres-Odio
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland; Current affilitation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Eric Etchill
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrice Carr
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - C Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary E Blue
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael V Johnston
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William A Baumgartner
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer S Lawton
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary Ann Wilson
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Komleva YK, Lopatina OL, Gorina IV, Shuvaev AN, Chernykh A, Potapenko IV, Salmina AB. NLRP3 deficiency-induced hippocampal dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior in mice. Brain Res 2021; 1752:147220. [PMID: 33358726 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been classified as a trigger of behavioral alterations and cognitive impairments in many neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, major depression, anxiety and others. Regardless of the cause of neuroinflammation, key molecules, which sense neuropathological conditions, are intracellular multiprotein signaling inflammasomes. Increasing evidence shows that the inflammatory response, mediated by activated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, is associated with the onset and progression of a wide range of diseases of the CNS. However, whether the NLRP3 inflammasome in the CNS is involved in the learning, development of anxiety and adult neurogenesis remains elusive. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess NLRP3 inflammasome contribution in anxiety and reveal its potential involvement in the experimental acquisition of fear responses and hippocampal neurogenesis. Behavioral, immunohistochemical and electrophysiological alterations were measured to evaluate role of neuroinflammation in the limbic system of mice. In this study, we describe interrelated neurophysiological mechanisms, which culminate in absence of NLRP3 inflammasome in young 4 months mice. These include the following: anxious behavior and deterioration in learning and memory of fear conditioning; impairment of adult neurogenesis; reduction and altered morphology of astrocytes in the brain; hyperexcitability in basolateral amygdala (BLA); impaired activation in axons of pyramidal cells of CA1 hippocampal zone in NLRP3 KO mice particularly via the Schaffer collateral pathway; and impaired synaptic transduction in pyramidal cells mediated by an embarrassment of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic site in CA3 hippocampal zone. The present study has demonstrated the novel findings that basal level of NLRP3 inflammasome in the brain of young mice is required for conditioning-induced plasticity in the ventral hippocampus and the basolateral amygdala. The deletion of NLRP3 impair synaptic transduction and caused anxiety-like behavior and labored fear learning, suggesting that low grade inflammation, mediated by NLRP3 expression, play a key role in memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia K Komleva
- Depatment of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Russia.
| | - Olga L Lopatina
- Depatment of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Russia
| | - Iana V Gorina
- Depatment of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anton N Shuvaev
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Russia
| | - Anatoly Chernykh
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Russia
| | - Ilia V Potapenko
- Depatment of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alla B Salmina
- Depatment of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Russia
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Parekh SV, Paniccia JE, Lebonville CL, Lysle DT. Dorsal hippocampal interleukin-1 signaling mediates heroin withdrawal-enhanced fear learning. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3653-3664. [PMID: 32860071 PMCID: PMC7686097 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests opioid abuse can increase the incidence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in clinical populations. Interestingly, opioid withdrawal alone can produce symptoms similar to those of PTSD. Despite this association, the neural mechanisms underlying the relationship of opioid abuse, withdrawal, and PTSD is poorly understood. Our laboratory has investigated the neurobiological underpinnings of stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL), an animal model of PTSD-like symptoms. We have previously shown that, in SEFL, a severe footshock induces an increase in dorsal hippocampal (DH) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and subsequent fear learning is blocked by DH IL-1 receptor antagonism (IL-1RA). Given that opioids and stress engage similar neuroimmune mechanisms, the present experiments investigate whether the same mechanisms drive heroin withdrawal to induce a PTSD-like phenotype. First, we tested the effect of a chronic escalating heroin dose and withdrawal regimen on fear learning and found it produces enhanced future fear learning. Heroin withdrawal also induces a time-dependent, region-specific increase in IL-1β and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity within the dentate gyrus of the DH. IL-1β was significantly colocalized with GFAP, indicating astrocytes may be involved in increased IL-1β. Moreover, intra-DH infusions of IL-1RA 0, 24, and 48 h into heroin withdrawal prevents the development of enhanced fear learning but does not alter withdrawal-induced weight loss. Collectively, our data suggests heroin withdrawal is sufficient to produce enhanced fear learning, astrocytes may play a role in heroin withdrawal-induced IL-1β, and DH IL-1 signaling during withdrawal mediates the development of heroin withdrawal-enhanced fear learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shveta V. Parekh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA
| | - Jacqueline E. Paniccia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA
| | - Christina L. Lebonville
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA
| | - Donald T. Lysle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA,Corresponding Author: , Telephone: +1-919-962-3088, Fax: +1-919-962-2537
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Radke AK, Held IT, Sneddon EA, Riddle CA, Quinn JJ. Additive influences of acute early life stress and sex on vulnerability for aversion-resistant alcohol drinking. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12829. [PMID: 31657073 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute early life stress (ELS) alters stress system functioning in adulthood and increases susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). The current study assessed the effects of acute, infant ELS on alcohol drinking, including aversion-resistant drinking, in male and female Long Evans rats. Acute ELS was induced using a stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) protocol that consisted of 15 footshocks delivered on postnatal day (PND) 17. Alcohol drinking during adolescence and adulthood was measured with a two-bottle choice intermittent alcohol access paradigm. Aversion-resistant drinking was assessed in adulthood by adding quinine (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 g/L) to the alcohol bottle after 5 to 6 weeks and 11 to 12 weeks of drinking. ELS had minimal influences on adolescent and adult alcohol consumption and preference. However, ELS, sex, and alcohol exposure history all influenced aversion-resistant alcohol drinking in an additive fashion. Higher concentrations of quinine were tolerated in females, ELS-exposed rats, and after 11 to 12 weeks of drinking. Tests of quinine sensitivity in a separate cohort of animals found that rats can detect concentrations of quinine as low as 0.001 g/L in water and that quinine sensitivity is not influenced by sex or ELS exposure. These results agree with reports of sex differences in aversion-resistant drinking and are the first to demonstrate an influence of ELS on this behavior. Our results also suggest that a single traumatic stress exposure in infancy may be a promising model of comorbid PTSD and AUD and useful in studying the interactions between ELS, sex, and alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Radke
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Isabel T Held
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Sneddon
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Collin A Riddle
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer J Quinn
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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Dong Y, Li S, Lu Y, Li X, Liao Y, Peng Z, Li Y, Hou L, Yuan Z, Cheng J. Stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation negatively regulates fear memory in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:205. [PMID: 32635937 PMCID: PMC7341659 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent inflammation dysregulation and cognitive decline have been associated with several trauma- and stress-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorder. Despite the abundant discoveries of neuroinflammation in such disorders, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. METHOD Wild-type and Nlrp3-/- mice were exposed to the electric foot shocks in the contextual fear memory paradigm. Three hours after the electric foot shocks, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was investigated through immunoblotting and ELISA. Microglia were isolated and analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Hippocampal tissues were collected 3 h and 72 h after the electric foot shocks and subjected to RNA sequencing. MCC950 was administrated to mice via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-ra) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were delivered via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion. Contextual fear responses of mice were tested on 4 consecutive days (test days 1-4) starting at 48 h after the electric foot shocks. Anxiety-like behaviors were examined by elevated plus maze and open-field test. RESULTS We demonstrated that, in the contextual fear memory paradigm, the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated 3 h after electric foot shocks. We also found an upregulation in toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor signaling, and a decrease in postsynaptic density (PSD) related proteins, such as PSD95 and Shank proteins, in the hippocampus 72 h after the electric foot shocks, indicating an association between neuroinflammation and PSD protein loss after stress encounter. Meanwhile, Nlrp3 knockout could significantly prevent both neuroinflammation and loss of PSD-related proteins, suggesting a possible protective role of NLRP3 deletion during this process. For further studies, we demonstrated that both genetic knockout and pharmaceutical inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome remarkably enhanced the extinction of contextual fear memory and attenuated anxiety-like behavior caused by electric foot shocks. Moreover, cytokine IL-1β administration inhibited the extinction of contextual fear memory. Meanwhile, IL-1ra significantly enhanced the extinction of contextual fear memory and attenuated anxiety-like behavior. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data revealed the pivotal role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the regulation of fear memory and the development of PTSD and anxiety disorder, providing a novel target for the clinical treatment of such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuoshuo Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yajin Liao
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhixin Peng
- School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Sensitized corticosterone responses do not mediate the enhanced fear memories in chronically stressed rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 382:112480. [PMID: 31953122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following a stressful event, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis mediates the release of the stress hormone cortisol (corticosterone in rodents; CORT). Elevated CORT binds to glucocorticoid receptors to mediate physiological responses including facilitating memory formation. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that male rats exposed to chronic stress demonstrate enhanced contextual fear memories and sensitized CORT responses to subsequent stress exposure; however, this is unknown in female rats. The experiments here tested whether chronic stress enhances fear memory formation in female rats and whether the sensitized CORT response in chronic stress rats contributes to their enhanced fear memory. Studies first examined CORT responses to contextual fear conditioning in male and female rats and examined whether chronic stress enhanced the formation of contextual fear memories 24 h later. Studies then used metyrapone, a CORT synthesis inhibitor, to investigate whether blockade of plasma CORT would eliminate the chronic stress-induced enhancement in contextual fear memory. Results show that female rats have greater CORT responses than males, and chronic stress sensitizes the CORT response to fear conditioning in both sexes. However, female rats do not show enhanced contextual fear memory following chronic stress. Chronically stressed male rats show greater memory acquisition and show greater contextual fear memory 24 h later following fear conditioning. Metyrapone dampens contextual fear memory in all rats but does not eliminate the enhancement in freezing behavior in chronic stress rats. Collectively, these studies indicate sensitized CORT responses in chronically stressed rats is likely not the mechanism by which chronic stress facilitates memory formation.
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Mamelak M. Nightmares and the Cannabinoids. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:754-768. [PMID: 31934840 PMCID: PMC7536831 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200114142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoids, Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol and its analogue, nabilone, have been found to reliably attenuate the intensity and frequency of post-traumatic nightmares. This essay examines how a traumatic event is captured in the mind, after just a single exposure, and repeatedly replicated during the nights that follow. The adaptive neurophysiological, endocrine and inflammatory changes that are triggered by the trauma and that alter personality and behavior are surveyed. These adaptive changes, once established, can be difficult to reverse. But cannabinoids, uniquely, have been shown to interfere with all of these post-traumatic somatic adaptations. While cannabinoids can suppress nightmares and other symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, they are not a cure. There may be no cure. The cannabinoids may best be employed, alone, but more likely in conjunction with other agents, in the immediate aftermath of a trauma to mitigate or even abort the metabolic changes which are set in motion by the trauma and which may permanently alter the reactivity of the nervous system. Steps in this direction have already been taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortimer Mamelak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Baycrest Hospital, Permanent Address: 19 Tumbleweed Road, Toronto, OntarioM2J 2N2, Canada
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Waheed A, Dalton B, Wesemann U, Ibrahim MAA, Himmerich H. A Systematic Review of Interleukin-1β in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:1-11. [PMID: 29328883 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, have been implicated as underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and potential biomarkers of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review examines data regarding IL-1β production/concentration in human and animal studies of PTSD. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, relevant articles from PubMed were reviewed from inception until July 10, 2017. Nineteen studies were eligible for inclusion. Animal studies demonstrated increased hippocampal IL-1β in rodent models of PTSD. Several immunomodulatory drugs were shown to reduce elevated IL-1β levels and anxiety-like behaviors in animals. Human cross-sectional studies showed contradictory results; serum and plasma IL-1β concentrations in PTSD patients were either elevated or did not differ from control groups. In vitro IL-1β production by stimulated cells demonstrated no difference between PTSD and control participants, although spontaneous in vitro production of IL-1β was increased in the PTSD group. The findings from 2 longitudinal studies were inconsistent. Given the conflicting findings, it is premature to consider IL-1β as a biomarker of PTSD. Anti-inflammatory agents may reduce IL-1β, and be a potential basis for future therapeutic agents in PTSD treatment. More longitudinal research is needed to better understand the role of IL-1β in the development and/or maintenance of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Waheed
- 1 Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London , London, United Kingdom .,2 Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan Dalton
- 1 Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Wesemann
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Bundeswehr Hospital , Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammad A A Ibrahim
- 4 Department of Immunological Medicine and Allergy, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital , London, United Kingdom
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- 1 Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London , London, United Kingdom
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Tsyglakova M, McDaniel D, Hodes GE. Immune mechanisms of stress susceptibility and resilience: Lessons from animal models. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 54:100771. [PMID: 31325456 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress has an impact on the brain and the body. A growing literature demonstrates that feedback between the peripheral immune system and the brain contributes to individual differences in the behavioral response to stress. Here we examine preclinical literature to demonstrate a holistic vision of risk and resilience to stress. We identify a variety of cellular, cytokine and molecular mechanisms in adult animals that act in concert to produce a stress susceptible individual response. We discuss how cross talk between immune cells in the brain and in the periphery act together to increase permeability across the blood brain barrier or block it, resulting in susceptible or stress resilient phenotype. These preclinical studies have importance for understanding how individual differences in the immune response to stress may be contributing to mood related disorders such as depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Tsyglakova
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Dylan McDaniel
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Georgia E Hodes
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Gassen J, Hill SE. Why inflammation and the activities of the immune system matter for social and personality psychology (and not only for those who study health). SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Conoscenti MA, Fanselow MS. Dissociation in Effective Treatment and Behavioral Phenotype Between Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning and Learned Helplessness. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:104. [PMID: 31156405 PMCID: PMC6529815 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disease with relatively high lifetime prevalence. It is marked by a high diversity of symptoms and comorbidity with other psychiatric disease. Furthermore, PTSD has a high level of origin and symptom heterogeneity within the population. These characteristics taken together make it one of the most challenging diseases to effectively model in animals. However, with relatively little headway made in developing effective disease interventions, PTSD remains as a high priority target for animal model study. Learned Helplessness (LH) is a procedure classically used to model depression, but has in recent years transitioned to use as a model of PTSD. Animals in this procedure receive 100 inescapable and unpredictable tailshocks or simple restraint without shock. The following day, the animals are tested in a shuttle box, where inescapably-shocked subjects exhibit exaggerated fear and profound deficit in escape performance. Stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) also uses an acute (single session) stressor for modeling PTSD in rodents. The SEFL procedure begins with exposure to 15 footshocks or simple context exposure without shock. Animals that initially received the 15 footshocks exhibit future enhanced fear learning. In this review, we will compare the behavior, physiology, and interventions of these two animal models of PTSD. Despite considerable similarity (a single session containing inescapable and uncontrollable shock) the two procedures produce a very divergent set of behavioral consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Conoscenti
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael S Fanselow
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Staglin Center for Brian and Behavioral Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Wang W, Wang L, Xu H, Cao C, Liu P, Luo S, Duan Q, Ellenbroek B, Zhang X. Characteristics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines alteration in PTSD patients exposed to a deadly earthquake. J Affect Disord 2019; 248:52-58. [PMID: 30711869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have shown that the disturbance of pro-inflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines is involved in the modulation of traumatic stress and related psychiatric disorders, typically posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the specific immune alterations associated with PTSD symptoms are still unclear. The present study compared levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines between PTSD and non-PTSD controls, and investigated the relationships of immune changes with PTSD symptomatology. METHODS In this study, 51 earthquake-exposed PTSD patients and 136 earthquake-exposed healthy controls were recruited. We assessed trauma exposure, PTSD and depression severity, and quantified a panel of pro- inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon ϒ (IFNϒ), and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Additionally, total pro-inflammatory cytokines score and total anti-inflammatory cytokines score were calculated to reflect the status of two balance system. RESULTS Behavioral data showed that the PTSD group had greater severity of depression, as well as total symptoms and every symptom cluster in the seven-factor model of PTSD compared to the non-PTSD control group. Immune data showed that PTSD subjects had higher levels of IL-1β and TNFα, as well as total pro-inflammatory cytokine scores compared to controls, suggesting an increase of inflammatory activity in PTSD. In all subjects, the IL-1β levels were correlated with PCL scores, after controlling for covariates, including age, education, marital status and gender, trauma exposure severity and depression. LIMITATIONS The current study did not include a non-traumatized healthy control group, and PTSD was assessed using a self-reported measure. CONCLUSIONS Thus, by including a control group comprised entirely of earthquake-exposed individuals as means to discriminate specific alterations of cytokine levels in PTSD, these findings suggest that the increased inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-1β, may play a role in the pathophysiology of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengqi Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ping Liu
- People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, 618000, China
| | - Shu Luo
- People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, 618000, China
| | - Qing Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Bart Ellenbroek
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Règue M, Poilbout C, Martin V, Franc B, Lanfumey L, Mongeau R. Increased 5-HT2C receptor editing predisposes to PTSD-like behaviors and alters BDNF and cytokines signaling. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:100. [PMID: 30792491 PMCID: PMC6384909 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma- and stress-related disorder with dysregulated fear responses and neurobiological impairments, notably at neurotrophic and inflammation levels. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this disease is crucial to develop PTSD models that meet behavioral and neurobiological validity criteria as well as innovative therapeutic approaches. Serotonin 2C receptors (5-HT2CR) are known for their important role in anxiety, and mice having only the fully edited VGV isoform of 5-HT2CR, which thereby overexpressed brain 5-HT2CR, are of special interest to study PTSD predisposition. Innate and conditioned fear-related behaviors were assessed in VGV and wild-type mice. mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and calcineurin) were measured by qRT-PCR. The effect of acute and chronic paroxetine was evaluated on both behavior and gene expression. VGV mice displayed greater fear expression, extensive fear extinction deficits, and fear generalization. Paroxetine restored fear extinction in VGV mice when administered acutely and decreased innate fear and fear generalization when administered chronically. In parallel, Bdnf, tPA, and pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA levels were dysregulated in VGV mice. Bdnf and tPA mRNA expression was decreased in the hippocampus but increased in the amygdala, and chronic paroxetine normalized Bdnf mRNA levels both in the amygdala and the hippocampus. Amygdalar calcineurin mRNA level in VGV mice was also normalized by chronic paroxetine. VGV-transgenic mice displayed behavioral and neurobiological features that could be accessory to the investigation of PTSD and its treatment. Furthermore, these data point out to the role of 5-HT2CR in neuroplasticity and neuroinflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Amygdala/metabolism
- Animals
- Anxiety/genetics
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fear
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Male
- Maze Learning
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Paroxetine/pharmacology
- RNA Editing
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Règue
- Inserm UMR S894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Université Paris Descartes, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Poilbout
- Inserm UMR S894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Université Paris Descartes, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- Inserm UMR S894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Université Paris Descartes, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Franc
- Inserm UMR S894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Université Paris Descartes, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- Inserm UMR S894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Université Paris Descartes, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Raymond Mongeau
- EA 4475, Pharmacologie de la circulation cérébrale, Université Paris Descartes, 75006, Paris, France.
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RaiseAbdullahi P, Vafaei AA, Ghanbari A, Dadkhah M, Rashidy-Pour A. Time-dependent protective effects of morphine against behavioral and morphological deficits in an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:19-28. [PMID: 30753875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) arises after an individual has experienced a major traumatic event. Recent evidence suggests that acute morphine treatment may serve as a strategy to reduce PTSD development. In the present study, we investigated the time-dependent effects of morphine on behavioral and morphological deficits induced by the single prolonged stress (SPS), an experimental model of PTSD, in adult male rats. The rats were exposed to SPS (restraint for 2 h, forced swimming for 20 min, and ether anesthesia), and kept undistributed for 11 days. Morphine was injected immediately, 6, 12 and 24 h after SPS. Anxiety profile was evaluated using the elevated plus maze11 days after SPS. Then, animals were conditioned in a fear conditioning task and extinction training was performed on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 11 after fear conditioning which followed by morphological assessments in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). SPS rats showed increased anxiety levels and impaired contextual fear extinction retention. SPS also decreased dendritic length in the infra-limbic (IL) and dendritic spines in the IL and pre-limbic (PL) regions of the mPFC. Conversely, morphine treatment 6, 12 and 24 h but not immediately after SPS significantly improved anxiety-like behaviors, fear extinction, increased dendritic length, and spines in the mPFC. Morphine-induced much stronger response when injected 24 h after the SPS, and this effect was blocked by naloxone. Our findings show that morphine within a restricted time window selectively reversed the SPS-induced deficits in anxiety profile, fear extinction, and dendritic morphology in the mPFC. Finally, these findings suggest that the time point of morphine injection following a traumatic event is an important determinant of the full therapeutic effect of morphine against PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payman RaiseAbdullahi
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Laboratoryof Learning and Memory, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Laboratoryof Learning and Memory, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Laboratoryof Learning and Memory, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Research Centers Development and Coordination Office, Deputy of Research& Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Laboratoryof Learning and Memory, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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41
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Effects of Oxytocin on Fear Memory and Neuroinflammation in a Rodent Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123848. [PMID: 30513893 PMCID: PMC6321616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-induced mental disorder characterized by fear extinction abnormalities, which involve biological dysfunctions among fear circuit areas in the brain. Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuropeptide that regulates sexual reproduction and social interaction and has recently earned specific attention due to its role in adjusting neurobiological and behavioral correlates of PTSD; however, the mechanism by which this is achieved remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine whether the effects of OXT on traumatic stress-induced abnormalities of fear extinction (specifically induced by single prolonged stress (SPS), an animal model of PTSD) are associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Seven days after SPS, rats received intranasal OXT 40 min before a cue-dependent Pavlovian fear conditioning-extinction test in which rats' freezing degree was used to reflect the outcome of fear extinction. We also measured mRNA expression of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus, and amygdala at the end of the study, together with plasma oxytocin, corticosterone, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, to reflect the central and peripheral changes of stress-related hormones and cytokines after SPS. Our results suggested that intranasal OXT effectively amends the SPS-impaired behavior of fear extinction retrieval. Moreover, it neurochemically reverses the SPS increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines; thus, IL-1β and IFN-γ can be further blocked by the OXT antagonist atosiban (ASB) in the hippocampus. Peripheral profiles revealed a similar response pattern to SPS of OXT and corticosterone (CORT), and the SPS-induced increase in plasma levels of IL-1β and TNF-α could be reduced by OXT. The present study suggests potential therapeutic effects of OXT in both behavioral and neuroinflammatory profiles of PTSD.
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42
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Nisbett KE, Pinna G. Emerging Therapeutic Role of PPAR-α in Cognition and Emotions. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:998. [PMID: 30356872 PMCID: PMC6190882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khalin E Nisbett
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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43
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Paniccia JE, Lebonville CL, Jones ME, Parekh SV, Fuchs RA, Lysle DT. Dorsal hippocampal neural immune signaling regulates heroin-conditioned immunomodulation but not heroin-conditioned place preference. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:698-707. [PMID: 30075289 PMCID: PMC6129413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated pairings of heroin and a context results in Pavlovian associations which manifest as heroin-conditioned appetitive responses and peripheral immunomodulation upon re-exposure to heroin-paired conditioned stimuli (CS). The dorsal hippocampus (DH) plays a key role in the neurocircuitry governing these context-heroin associations. Within the DH, expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is required for heroin-conditioned peripheral immunomodulation to occur. However, the role of signaling via IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) has not been examined. Furthermore, it has not been evaluated whether the involvement of IL-1 in associative learning extends to classically conditioned appetitive behaviors, such as conditioned place preference (CPP). The first set of experiments investigated whether DH IL-1R1 signaling during CS re-exposure modulates heroin-conditioned immunomodulation and heroin-CPP. The second set of experiments employed chemogenetic techniques to examine whether DH astroglial signaling during CS re-exposure alters the same Pavlovian responses. This line of investigation is based on previous research indicating that astrocytes support hippocampal-dependent learning and memory through the expression of IL-1β protein and IL-1R1. Interestingly, IL-1R1 antagonism disrupted heroin-conditioned suppression of peripheral immune parameters but failed to alter heroin-CPP. Similarly, chemogenetic stimulation of Gi-signaling in DH astrocytes attenuated heroin-conditioned peripheral immunomodulation but failed to alter heroin-CPP. Collectively our data show that both IL-1R1 stimulation and astrocyte signaling in the DH are critically involved in the expression of heroin-conditioned immunomodulation but not heroin-CPP. As such these findings strongly suggest hippocampal neuroimmune signaling differentially regulates Pavlovian immunomodulatory and appetitive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Paniccia
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christina L Lebonville
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meghan E Jones
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shveta V Parekh
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rita A Fuchs
- Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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44
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Lisboa SF, Niraula A, Resstel LB, Guimaraes FS, Godbout JP, Sheridan JF. Repeated social defeat-induced neuroinflammation, anxiety-like behavior and resistance to fear extinction were attenuated by the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1924-1933. [PMID: 29786066 PMCID: PMC6046035 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders. Repeated social defeat (RSD) is a murine stressor that causes a release of inflammatory monocytes into circulation. Moreover, RSD-induced anxiety-like behavior is dependent on the recruitment of these monocytes to the brain. Activation of the endocannabinoid (ECB) system may modulate both neuroendocrine and inflammatory responses mediated by stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that a cannabinoid receptor agonist would attenuate RSD-induced inflammation, anxiety, and stress sensitization. To test this hypothesis, mice received an injection of the synthetic cannabinoid1/2 receptor agonist, WIN55,212-2 (WIN; 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) daily for six consecutive days, 30 min before each exposure to RSD. Anxiety-like behavior, immune activation, neuroinflammation, and microglial reactivity were determined 14 h after RSD. RSD-induced anxiety-like behavior in the open field and in the EPM was reversed by WIN55,212-2. Moreover, WIN55,212-2 reduced the accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in circulation and brain after RSD and attenuated RSD-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in microglia/macrophages. Increased ex vivo reactivity of microglia/monocytes to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) after RSD was also attenuated by WIN55,212-2. Next, fear expression, extinction, and recall were evaluated 24 and 48 h, respectively, after contextual fear conditioning, which took place 7 days after RSD. Here, RSD caused prolonged fear expression and impaired fear extinction recall, which was associated with increased IL-1β mRNA in the brain. Moreover, these stress-induced effects were reversed by WIN55,212-2. In conclusion, activation of cannabinoid receptors limited the immune and neuroinflammatory responses to RSD and reversed the short-term and long-term behavioral deficits associated with RSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Francesca Lisboa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049900, Brazil. .,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Anzela Niraula
- 0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Leonardo Barbosa Resstel
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049900 Brazil ,0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049900 Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimaraes
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049900 Brazil ,0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049900 Brazil
| | - Jonathan P. Godbout
- 0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - John F. Sheridan
- 0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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45
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Young MB, Howell LL, Hopkins L, Moshfegh C, Yu Z, Clubb L, Seidenberg J, Park J, Swiercz AP, Marvar PJ. A peripheral immune response to remembering trauma contributes to the maintenance of fear memory in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 94:143-151. [PMID: 29783162 PMCID: PMC6003662 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in peripheral immune markers are observed in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is characterized in part by impaired extinction of fear memory for a traumatic experience. We hypothesized that fear memory extinction is regulated by immune signaling stimulated when fear memory is retrieved. The relationship between fear memory and the peripheral immune response was tested using auditory Pavlovian fear conditioning in mice. Memory for the association was quantified by the amount of conditioned freezing exhibited in response to the conditioned stimulus (CS), extinction and time-dependent changes in circulating inflammatory cytokines. Brief extinction training with 12 CS rapidly and acutely increased circulating levels of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), downstream IL-6 signaling, other IL-6 related pro-inflammatory cytokines. Transgenic manipulations or neutralizing antibodies that inhibit IL-6 activity did not affect conditioned freezing during the acquisition of fear conditioning or extinction but significantly reduced conditioned freezing 24 h after extinction training with 12 CS. Conversely, conditioned freezing after extinction training was unchanged by IL-6 inhibition when 40 CS were used during the extinction training session. In addition to effectively diminishing conditioned freezing, extinction training with 40 CS also diminished the subsequent IL-6 response to the CS. These data demonstrate that IL-6 released following fear memory retrieval contributes to the maintenance of that fear memory and that this effect is extinction dependent. These findings extend the current understanding for the role of the immune system in PTSD and suggest that IL-6 and other IL-6 related pro-inflammatory cytokines may contribute to the persistence of fear memory in PTSD where fear memory extinction is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Young
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disease, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA; (404) 727-8512; (404) 727-7786
| | - Leonard L. Howell
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disease, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA; (404) 727-8512; (404) 727-7786
| | - Lauren Hopkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Cassandra Moshfegh
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Zhe Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Lauren Clubb
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Jessica Seidenberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Jeanie Park
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA,Research Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Adam P. Swiercz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington DC, USA
| | - Paul J. Marvar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington DC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Washington DC, USA; (202) 994-5584,GW Institute for Neuroscience George Washington University, Washington DC, USA,Correspondence to:
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46
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Jones ME, Paniccia JE, Lebonville CL, Reissner KJ, Lysle DT. Chemogenetic Manipulation of Dorsal Hippocampal Astrocytes Protects Against the Development of Stress-enhanced Fear Learning. Neuroscience 2018; 388:45-56. [PMID: 30030056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Maladaptive behavioral outcomes following stress have been associated with immune dysregulation. For example, we have previously reported that stress-induced dorsal hippocampal interleukin-1β signaling is critical to the development of stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL). In parallel, astroglial signaling has been linked to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like phenotypes and our most recent studies have revealed astrocytes as the predominant cellular source of stress-induced IL-1β. Here, we used chemogenetic technology and morphological analyses to further explore dorsal hippocampal astrocyte function in the context of SEFL. Using a glial-expressing DREADD construct (AAV8-GFAP-hM4Di(Gi)-mCherry), we show that dorsal hippocampal astroglial Gi activation is sufficient to attenuate SEFL. Furthermore, our data provide the first initial evidence to support the function of the glial-DREADD construct employed. Specifically, we find that CNO (clozapine-n-oxide) significantly attenuated colocalization of the Gi-coupled DREADD receptor and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), indicating functional inhibition of cAMP production. Subsequent experiments examined dorsal hippocampal astrocyte volume, surface area, and synaptic contacts (colocalization with postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95)) following exposure to severe stress (capable of inducing SEFL). While severe stress did not alter dorsal hippocampal astrocyte volume or surface area, the severe stressor exposure reduced dorsal hippocampal PSD95 immunoreactivity and the colocalization analysis showed reduced PSD95 colocalized with astrocytes. Collectively, these data provide evidence to support the functional efficacy of the glial-expressing DREADD employed, and suggest that an astrocyte-specific manipulation, activation of astroglial Gi signaling, is sufficient to protect against the development of SEFL, a PTSD-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Jones
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Behavioral and Integrative Neuroscience Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jacqueline E Paniccia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Behavioral and Integrative Neuroscience Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Christina L Lebonville
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Behavioral and Integrative Neuroscience Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn J Reissner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Behavioral and Integrative Neuroscience Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Donald T Lysle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Behavioral and Integrative Neuroscience Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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47
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Mellon SH, Gautam A, Hammamieh R, Jett M, Wolkowitz OM. Metabolism, Metabolomics, and Inflammation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:866-875. [PMID: 29628193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined by classic psychological manifestations, although among the characteristics are significantly increased rates of serious somatic comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, immune dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we assess the evidence for disturbances that may contribute to somatic pathology in inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and circulating metabolites (implicating mitochondrial dysfunction) in individuals with PTSD and in animal models simulating features of PTSD. The clinical and preclinical data highlight probable interrelated features of PTSD pathophysiology, including a proinflammatory milieu, metabolomic changes (implicating mitochondrial and other processes), and metabolic dysregulation. These data suggest that PTSD may be a systemic illness, or that it at least has systemic manifestations, and the behavioral manifestations are those most easily discerned. Whether somatic pathology precedes the development of PTSD (and thus may be a risk factor) or follows the development of PTSD (as a result of either shared pathophysiologies or lifestyle adaptations), comorbid PTSD and somatic illness is a potent combination placing affected individuals at increased physical as well as mental health risk. We conclude with directions for future research and novel treatment approaches based on these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Integrative Systems Biology, United States Army Medical Research and Material Command, United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, United States Army Medical Research and Material Command, United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Marti Jett
- Integrative Systems Biology, United States Army Medical Research and Material Command, United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland.
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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48
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-ninth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2016 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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49
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Jones ME, Lebonville CL, Paniccia JE, Balentine ME, Reissner KJ, Lysle DT. Hippocampal interleukin-1 mediates stress-enhanced fear learning: A potential role for astrocyte-derived interleukin-1β. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 67:355-363. [PMID: 28963000 PMCID: PMC5696098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with immune dysregulation. We have previously shown that severe stress exposure in a preclinical animal model of the disorder, stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL), is associated with an increase in hippocampal interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and that blocking central IL-1 after the severe stress prevents the development of SEFL. Here, we tested whether blocking hippocampal IL-1 signaling is sufficient to prevent enhanced fear learning and identified the cellular source of stress-induced IL-1β in this region. Experiment 1 tested whether intra-dorsal hippocampal (DH) infusions of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA, 1.25µg per hemisphere) 24 and 48h after stress exposure prevents the development of enhanced fear learning. Experiment 2 used triple fluorescence immunohistochemistry to examine hippocampal alterations in IL-1β, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte-specific marker, and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule -1 (Iba-1), a microglial-specific marker, 48h after exposure to the severe stressor of the SEFL paradigm. Intra-DH IL-1RA prevented SEFL and stress-induced IL-1β was primarily colocalized with astrocytes in the hippocampus. Further, hippocampal GFAP immunoreactivity was not altered, whereas hippocampal Iba-1 immunoreactivity was significantly attenuated following severe stress. These data suggest that hippocampal IL-1 signaling is critical to the development of SEFL and that astrocytes are a predominant source of stress-induced IL-1β.
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50
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Wang W, Wang R, Xu J, Qin X, Jiang H, Khalid A, Liu D, Pan F, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Minocycline Attenuates Stress-Induced Behavioral Changes via Its Anti-inflammatory Effects in an Animal Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:558. [PMID: 30459654 PMCID: PMC6232125 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences have suggested that anxiety-like behavior and impairment of learning and memory are key symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and pharmacological treatment can ameliorate anxiety and cognitive impairments. Recent studies have shown that minocycline exhibits anxiolytic effects. The aims of the present study were to determine whether minocycline administration would alter anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits induced by inescapable foot shock (IFS) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Male Wistar rats were exposed to the IFS protocol for a period of 6 days to induce PTSD. The PTSD-like behavior was tested using the open field test, elevated plus maze test, and Morris water maze test. The effects of minocycline on pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of microglia, and NF-κB in the PFC and hippocampus were also examined. Treatment with minocycline significantly reversed the IFS induced behavioral and cognitive parameters (impaired learning and memory function) in stressed rats. Additionally, IFS was able to increase pro-inflammatory cytokines, activate microglia, and enhance NF-κB levels, while minocycline significantly reversed these alterations. Taken together, our results suggest that the anxiolytic effect of minocycline is related to its ability to decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit activation of microglia and NF-κB in the PFC and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaqing Qin
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Arslan Khalid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Pan
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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