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Cordero Padilla K, Monefeldt GA, Guevárez Galán A, Marrero HG, Lloret-Torres ME, Velázquez-Marrero C. BK ZERO isoform HEK293 stably transfected cell lines differing 3'UTRs to assess miR-9 regulation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298966. [PMID: 38502673 PMCID: PMC10950231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has identified the large conductance voltage- and calcium-activated potassium channel (BK) as a key regulator of neuronal excitability genetically associated to behavioral alcohol tolerance. Sensitivity to ethanol at the molecular level is characterized by acute potentiation of channel activity. BK isoforms show variations in alcohol sensitivity and are differentially distributed on the plasma membrane surface in response to prolonged exposure. MicroRNA (MiRNA) targeting of alcohol-sensitive isoforms coupled with active internalization of BK channels in response to ethanol are believed to be key in establishing homeostatic adaptations that produce persistent changes within the plasma membrane of neurons. In fact, microRNA 9 (miR-9) upregulated expression is a key event in persistent alcohol tolerance mediating acute EtOH desensitization of BK channels. The exact nature of these interactions remains a current topic of discussion. To further study the effects of miR-9 on the expression and distribution of BK channel isoforms we designed an experimental model by transfecting human BK channel isoforms ZERO heterologous constructs in human embryonic kidney cells 293 (HEK293) cells respectively expressing 2.1 (miR-9 responsive), 2.2 (unresponsive) and control (no sequence) 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) miRNA recognition sites. We used imaging techniques to characterize the stably transfected monoclonal cell lines, and electrophysiology to validate channel activity. Finally, we used immunocytochemistry to validate isoform responsiveness to miR-9. Our findings suggest the cell lines were successfully transfected to express either the 2.1 or 2.2 version of ZERO. Patch clamp recordings confirm that these channels retain their functionality and immunohistochemistry shows differential responses to miR-9, making these cells viable for use in future alcohol dependence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Cordero Padilla
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Windsor University School of Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Gerardo Alvarado Monefeldt
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Cayey Campus, Cayey, Puerto Rico
- Samuel Merritt University, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Adriel Guevárez Galán
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Bayamón Campus, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Hector G. Marrero
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mario E. Lloret-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Cristina Velázquez-Marrero
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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2
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Gos A, Steiner J, Trübner K, Ungewickell J, Mawrin C, Karnecki K, Kaliszan M, Gos T. Inverse pattern of GABAergic system impairment in the external versus internal globus pallidus in male heroin addicts. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:445-452. [PMID: 37507486 PMCID: PMC10914887 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Opioid addiction is a global problem that has been exacerbated in the USA and Europe by the COVID-19 pandemic. The globus pallidus (GP) plays a prominent neurobiological role in the regulation of behaviour as an output station of the striato-pallidal system. GABAergic large projection neurons are the main neuronal type in the external (EGP) and internal (IGP) parts of the GP, where addiction-specific molecular and functional abnormalities occur. In these neurons, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) with isoforms GAD 65 and 67 is a key enzyme in GABA synthesis, and experimental studies suggest GAD dysregulation in the GP of heroin addicts. Our study, which was performed on paraffin-embedded brains from the Magdeburg Brain Bank, aimed to investigate abnormalities in the GABAergic function of large GP neurons by densitometric evaluation of their GAD 65/67-immunostained thick dendrites. The study revealed a bilaterally decreased fibres density in the EGP paralleled by the increase in the IGP in 11 male heroin addicts versus 11 healthy controls (significant U-test P values). The analysis of confounding variables found no interference of age, brain volume, and duration of formalin fixation with the results. Our findings suggest a dysregulation of GABAergic activity in the GP of heroin addicts, which is consistent with experimental data from animal models and plays potentially a role in the disturbed function of basal ganglia circuit in opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gos
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Trübner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonas Ungewickell
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karol Karnecki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Kaliszan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Okhuarobo A, Kreifeldt M, Gandhi PJ, Lopez C, Martinez B, Fleck K, Bajo M, Bhattacharyya P, Dopico AM, Roberto M, Roberts AJ, Homanics GE, Contet C. Ethanol's interaction with BK channel α subunit residue K361 does not mediate behavioral responses to alcohol in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:529-542. [PMID: 38135755 PMCID: PMC11116116 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Large conductance potassium (BK) channels are among the most sensitive molecular targets of ethanol and genetic variations in the channel-forming α subunit have been nominally associated with alcohol use disorders. However, whether the action of ethanol at BK α influences the motivation to drink alcohol remains to be determined. To address this question, we first tested the effect of systemically administered BK channel modulators on voluntary alcohol consumption in C57BL/6J males. Penitrem A (blocker) exerted dose-dependent effects on moderate alcohol intake, while paxilline (blocker) and BMS-204352 (opener) were ineffective. Because pharmacological manipulations are inherently limited by non-specific effects, we then sought to investigate the behavioral relevance of ethanol's direct interaction with BK α by introducing in the mouse genome a point mutation known to render BK channels insensitive to ethanol while preserving their physiological function. The BK α K361N substitution prevented ethanol from reducing spike threshold in medial habenula neurons. However, it did not alter acute responses to ethanol in vivo, including ataxia, sedation, hypothermia, analgesia, and conditioned place preference. Furthermore, the mutation did not have reproducible effects on alcohol consumption in limited, continuous, or intermittent access home cage two-bottle choice paradigms conducted in both males and females. Notably, in contrast to previous observations made in mice missing BK channel auxiliary β subunits, the BK α K361N substitution had no significant impact on ethanol intake escalation induced by chronic intermittent alcohol vapor inhalation. It also did not affect the metabolic and locomotor consequences of chronic alcohol exposure. Altogether, these data suggest that the direct interaction of ethanol with BK α does not mediate the alcohol-related phenotypes examined here in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agbonlahor Okhuarobo
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Max Kreifeldt
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pauravi J Gandhi
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Lopez
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Briana Martinez
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kiera Fleck
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michal Bajo
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Alex M Dopico
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- The Scripps Research Institute, Animals Models Core Facility, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gregg E Homanics
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Candice Contet
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Yalniz Y, Yunusoğlu O, Berköz M, Demirel ME. Effects of fisetin on ethanol-induced rewarding properties in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024; 50:75-83. [PMID: 38235981 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2292976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder associated with compulsive drinking of alcohol. Natural flavonoid fisetin affects a variety of transmitter systems relevant to AUD, such as aminobutyric acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and dopamine, as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.Objectives: This study investigated fisetin's impact on the motivational properties of ethanol using conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice (n = 50).Methods: Mice were conditioned with ethanol (2 g/kg, i.p.) or saline on alternating days for 8 consecutive days and were given intragastric (i.g.) fisetin (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg, i.g.), 45 min before ethanol conditioning. During extinction, physiological saline was injected to the control and ethanol groups, and fisetin was administered to the fisetin groups. To evaluate the effect of fisetin on the reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP, fisetin was given 45 min before a priming dose of ethanol (0.4 g/kg, i.p.; reinstatement test day).Results: Fisetin decreased the acquisition of ethanol-induced CPP (30 mg/kg, p < .05) and accelerated extinction (20 and 30 mg/kg, p < .05). Furthermore, fisetin attenuated reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP (30 mg/kg, p < .05).Conclusions: Fisetin appears to diminish the rewarding properties of ethanol, as indicated by its inhibitory effect and facilitation of extinction in ethanol-induced CPP. These findings imply a potential therapeutic application of fisetin in preventing ethanol-seeking behavior, promoting extinction, and reducing the risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Yalniz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Oruç Yunusoğlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Berköz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Enes Demirel
- Emergency Department, School of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Doyle MA, Taylor A, Winder DG. Neural Circuitries and Alcohol Use Disorder: Cutting Corners in the Cycle. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 38082108 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
An implicit tenet of the alcohol use disorder (AUD) research field is that knowledge of how alcohol interacts with the brain is critical to the development of an understanding of vulnerability to AUD and treatment approaches. Gaining this understanding requires the mapping of brain function critical to specific components of this heterogeneous disorder. Early approaches in humans and animal models focused on the determination of specific brain regions sensitive to alcohol action and their participation in AUD-relevant behaviors. Broadly speaking, this research has focused on three domains, Binge/Intoxication, Negative Affect/Withdrawal, and Preoccupation/Anticipation, with a number of regions identified as participating in each. With the generational advances in technologies that the field of neuroscience has undergone over the last two decades, this focus has shifted to a circuit-based analysis. A wealth of new data has sharpened the field's focus on the specific roles of the interconnectivity of multiple brain regions in AUD and AUD-relevant behaviors, as well as demonstrating that the three major domains described above have much fuzzier edges than originally thought.In this chapter, we very briefly review brain regions previously implicated in aspects of AUD-relevant behavior from animal model research. Next, we move to a more in-depth overview of circuit-based approaches, and the utilization of these approaches in current AUD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Doyle
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anne Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danny G Winder
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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6
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Balapattabi K, Yavuz Y, Jiang J, Deng G, Mathieu NM, Ritter ML, Opichka MA, Reho JJ, McCorvy JD, Nakagawa P, Morselli LL, Mouradian GC, Atasoy D, Cui H, Hodges MR, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Angiotensin AT 1A receptor signal switching in Agouti-related peptide neurons mediates metabolic rate adaptation during obesity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112935. [PMID: 37540598 PMCID: PMC10530419 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) adaptation occurs during obesity and is hypothesized to contribute to failed weight management. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) type 1 (AT1A) receptors in Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons contribute to the integrative control of RMR, and deletion of AT1A from AgRP neurons causes RMR adaptation. Extracellular patch-clamp recordings identify distinct cellular responses of individual AgRP neurons from lean mice to Ang-II: no response, inhibition via AT1A and Gαi, or stimulation via Ang-II type 2 (AT2) receptors and Gαq. Following diet-induced obesity, a subset of Ang-II/AT1A-inhibited AgRP neurons undergo a spontaneous G-protein "signal switch," whereby AT1A stop inhibiting the cell via Gαi and instead begin stimulating the cell via Gαq. DREADD-mediated activation of Gαi, but not Gαq, in AT1A-expressing AgRP cells stimulates RMR in lean and obese mice. Thus, loss of AT1A-Gαi coupling within the AT1A-expressing AgRP neuron subtype represents a molecular mechanism contributing to RMR adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yavuz Yavuz
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Guorui Deng
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Natalia M Mathieu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - McKenzie L Ritter
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Megan A Opichka
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lisa L Morselli
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Gary C Mouradian
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Huxing Cui
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew R Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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7
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Park SM, Roache CE, Iffland PH, Moldenhauer HJ, Matychak KK, Plante AE, Lieberman AG, Crino PB, Meredith A. BK channel properties correlate with neurobehavioral severity in three KCNMA1-linked channelopathy mouse models. eLife 2022; 11:e77953. [PMID: 35819138 PMCID: PMC9275823 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KCNMA1 forms the pore of BK K+ channels, which regulate neuronal and muscle excitability. Recently, genetic screening identified heterozygous KCNMA1 variants in a subset of patients with debilitating paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia, presenting with or without epilepsy (PNKD3). However, the relevance of KCNMA1 mutations and the basis for clinical heterogeneity in PNKD3 has not been established. Here, we evaluate the relative severity of three KCNMA1 patient variants in BK channels, neurons, and mice. In heterologous cells, BKN999S and BKD434G channels displayed gain-of-function (GOF) properties, whereas BKH444Q channels showed loss-of-function (LOF) properties. The relative degree of channel activity was BKN999S > BKD434G>WT > BKH444Q. BK currents and action potential firing were increased, and seizure thresholds decreased, in Kcnma1N999S/WT and Kcnma1D434G/WT transgenic mice but not Kcnma1H444Q/WT mice. In a novel behavioral test for paroxysmal dyskinesia, the more severely affected Kcnma1N999S/WT mice became immobile after stress. This was abrogated by acute dextroamphetamine treatment, consistent with PNKD3-affected individuals. Homozygous Kcnma1D434G/D434G mice showed similar immobility, but in contrast, homozygous Kcnma1H444Q/H444Q mice displayed hyperkinetic behavior. These data establish the relative pathogenic potential of patient alleles as N999S>D434G>H444Q and validate Kcnma1N999S/WT mice as a model for PNKD3 with increased seizure propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Mi Park
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Cooper E Roache
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Philip H Iffland
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Hans J Moldenhauer
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Katia K Matychak
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Amber E Plante
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Abby G Lieberman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Peter B Crino
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Andrea Meredith
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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8
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Hong SI, Kang S, Baker M, Choi DS. Astrocyte-neuron interaction in the dorsal striatum-pallidal circuits and alcohol-seeking behaviors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108759. [PMID: 34433087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the striatum, two main types of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs), denoted striatonigral (or direct-pathway MSNs, dMSNs) and striatopallidal neurons (indirect-pathway MSNs, iMSNs), form circuits with distinct pallidal nuclei, which sends "GO" or "NO-GO" signals through the thalamus. These striatopallidal circuits evaluate and execute reward-seeking and taking behaviors. Especially, the dorsal striatum can be further divided into the dorsomedial striatum (DMS, equivalent to caudate in primates and humans) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS, equivalent to putamen), which orchestrates goal-directed and habitual reward-seeking and taking behaviors, respectively. Using optogenetics, chemogenetics and in vivo calcium imaging technologies combined with electrophysiology and digitalized behavior phenotyping, recent studies have revealed cell-, circuit- and context-specific functions of these microcircuits in addictive behaviors. Also, region-specific astrocytes regulate the homeostatic activities of the dMSNs and iMSNs as well as the downstream circuits, which determine the net balance of cortico-striato-pallidal activities to the thalamic neurons. This review will summarize the recent progress of striatopallidal circuits focusing on astrocyte-neuron interaction and, reward- and alcohol-seeking behaviors. Our review will also discuss the translational and clinical implications of these microcircuit studies. This article is part of the special Issue on "Neurocircuitry Modulating Drug and Alcohol Abuse".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-Ik Hong
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Seungwoo Kang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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9
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Steel TL, Afshar M, Edwards S, Jolley SE, Timko C, Clark BJ, Douglas IS, Dzierba AL, Gershengorn HB, Gilpin NW, Godwin DW, Hough CL, Maldonado JR, Mehta AB, Nelson LS, Patel MB, Rastegar DA, Stollings JL, Tabakoff B, Tate JA, Wong A, Burnham EL. Research Needs for Inpatient Management of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:e61-e87. [PMID: 34609257 PMCID: PMC8528516 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202108-1845st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (SAWS) is highly morbid, costly, and common among hospitalized patients, yet minimal evidence exists to guide inpatient management. Research needs in this field are broad, spanning the translational science spectrum. Goals: This research statement aims to describe what is known about SAWS, identify knowledge gaps, and offer recommendations for research in each domain of the Institute of Medicine T0-T4 continuum to advance the care of hospitalized patients who experience SAWS. Methods: Clinicians and researchers with unique and complementary expertise in basic, clinical, and implementation research related to unhealthy alcohol consumption and alcohol withdrawal were invited to participate in a workshop at the American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference. The committee was subdivided into four groups on the basis of interest and expertise: T0-T1 (basic science research with translation to humans), T2 (research translating to patients), T3 (research translating to clinical practice), and T4 (research translating to communities). A medical librarian conducted a pragmatic literature search to facilitate this work, and committee members reviewed and supplemented the resulting evidence, identifying key knowledge gaps. Results: The committee identified several investigative opportunities to advance the care of patients with SAWS in each domain of the translational science spectrum. Major themes included 1) the need to investigate non-γ-aminobutyric acid pathways for alcohol withdrawal syndrome treatment; 2) harnessing retrospective and electronic health record data to identify risk factors and create objective severity scoring systems, particularly for acutely ill patients with SAWS; 3) the need for more robust comparative-effectiveness data to identify optimal SAWS treatment strategies; and 4) recommendations to accelerate implementation of effective treatments into practice. Conclusions: The dearth of evidence supporting management decisions for hospitalized patients with SAWS, many of whom require critical care, represents both a call to action and an opportunity for the American Thoracic Society and larger scientific communities to improve care for a vulnerable patient population. This report highlights basic, clinical, and implementation research that diverse experts agree will have the greatest impact on improving care for hospitalized patients with SAWS.
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10
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Gast R, Gong R, Schmidt H, Meijer HGE, Knösche TR. On the Role of Arkypallidal and Prototypical Neurons for Phase Transitions in the External Pallidum. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6673-6683. [PMID: 34193559 PMCID: PMC8336705 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0094-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The external pallidum (globus pallidus pars externa [GPe]) plays a central role for basal ganglia functions and dynamics and, consequently, has been included in most computational studies of the basal ganglia. These studies considered the GPe as a homogeneous neural population. However, experimental studies have shown that the GPe contains at least two distinct cell types (prototypical and arkypallidal cells). In this work, we provide in silico insight into how pallidal heterogeneity modulates dynamic regimes inside the GPe and how they affect the GPe response to oscillatory input. We derive a mean-field model of the GPe system from a microscopic spiking neural network of recurrently coupled prototypical and arkypallidal neurons. Using bifurcation analysis, we examine the influence of dopamine-dependent changes of intrapallidal connectivity on the GPe dynamics. We find that increased self-inhibition of prototypical cells can induce oscillations, whereas increased inhibition of prototypical cells by arkypallidal cells leads to the emergence of a bistable regime. Furthermore, we show that oscillatory input to the GPe, arriving from striatum, leads to characteristic patterns of cross-frequency coupling observed at the GPe. Based on these findings, we propose two different hypotheses of how dopamine depletion at the GPe may lead to phase-amplitude coupling between the parkinsonian beta rhythm and a GPe-intrinsic γ rhythm. Finally, we show that these findings generalize to realistic spiking neural networks of sparsely coupled Type I excitable GPe neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our work provides (1) insight into the theoretical implications of a dichotomous globus pallidus pars externa (GPe) organization, and (2) an exact mean-field model that allows for future investigations of the relationship between GPe spiking activity and local field potential fluctuations. We identify the major phase transitions that the GPe can undergo when subject to static or periodic input and link these phase transitions to the emergence of synchronized oscillations and cross-frequency coupling in the basal ganglia. Because of the close links between our model and experimental findings on the structure and dynamics of prototypical and arkypallidal cells, our results can be used to guide both experimental and computational studies on the role of the GPe for basal ganglia dynamics in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gast
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Brain Networks Group, Leipzig, Germany 04103
| | - Ruxue Gong
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Brain Networks Group, Leipzig, Germany 04103
| | - Helmut Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Brain Networks Group, Leipzig, Germany 04103
| | - Hil G E Meijer
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands 7522 NB
| | - Thomas R Knösche
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Brain Networks Group, Leipzig, Germany 04103
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Ilmenau, Germany 98684
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11
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Li M, Cabrera-Garcia D, Salling MC, Au E, Yang G, Harrison NL. Alcohol reduces the activity of somatostatin interneurons in the mouse prefrontal cortex: A neural basis for its disinhibitory effect? Neuropharmacology 2021; 188:108501. [PMID: 33636191 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in executive ("top-down") control of behavior and its function is especially susceptible to the effects of alcohol, leading to behavioral disinhibition that is associated with alterations in decision making, response inhibition, social anxiety and working memory. The circuitry of the PFC involves a complex interplay between pyramidal neurons (PNs) and several subclasses of inhibitory interneurons (INs), including somatostatin (SST)-expressing INs. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we showed that alcohol dose-dependently altered network activity in layers 2/3 of the prelimbic subregion of the mouse PFC. Low doses of alcohol (1 g/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) caused moderate activation of SST INs and weak inhibition of PNs. At moderate to high doses, alcohol (2-3 g/kg) strongly inhibited the activity of SST INs in vivo, and this effect may result in disinhibition, as the activity of a subpopulation of PNs was simultaneously enhanced. In contrast, recordings in brain slices using ex vivo electrophysiology revealed no direct effect of alcohol on the excitability of either SST INs or PNs over a range of concentrations (20 and 50 mM) consistent with the blood alcohol levels reached in the in vivo experiments. This dose-dependent effect of alcohol on SST INs in vivo may reveal a neural basis for the disinhibitory effect of alcohol in the PFC mediated by other neurons within or external to the PFC circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Columbia University, Department of Anesthesiology, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David Cabrera-Garcia
- Columbia University, Department of Anesthesiology, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael C Salling
- Louisiana State University, Department of Anatomy, New Orleans, LA, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Edmund Au
- Columbia University, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Rehabilitative Medicine and Regeneration, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative Scholar, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Columbia University, Department of Anesthesiology, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Neil L Harrison
- Columbia University, Department of Anesthesiology, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Columbia University, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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12
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Alcohol. Alcohol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816793-9.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Abstract
The survival of an organism depends on the ability to make adaptive decisions to achieve the needs of the organism: where to get food, who to mate with, and how to evade predators. Decision-making is a term used to describe a collection of behavioral and/or computational functions that guide the selection of an option amongst a set of alternatives. Some of these functions may include calculating the costs and benefits of a particular action, evaluating differences in value of each of the alternative outcomes and the likelihood of receiving a particular outcome, using past experiences to generate predictions or expectations about action-outcome associations, and/or integration of past experiences to make novel inferences that can be used in new environments. There is considerable interest in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate these decision-making functions and recent advances in behavioral approaches, neuroscience techniques, and neuroimaging measures have begun to develop mechanistic links between biology, reward, and decision making. This multidisciplinary work holds great promise for elucidating the biological mechanisms mediating decision-making deficits in normal and abnormal states. The multidisciplinary studies included in this Collection provide new insights into the neuroscience of decision making and reward.
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14
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Fede SJ, Abrahao KP, Cortes CR, Grodin EN, Schwandt ML, George DT, Diazgranados N, Ramchandani VA, Lovinger DM, Momenan R. Alcohol effects on globus pallidus connectivity: Role of impulsivity and binge drinking. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224906. [PMID: 32214339 PMCID: PMC7098584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the harm caused by binge drinking, the neural mechanisms leading to risky and disinhibited intoxication-related behaviors are not well understood. Evidence suggests that the globus pallidus externus (GPe), a substructure within the basal ganglia, participates in inhibitory control processes, as examined in stop-signaling tasks. In fact, studies in rodents have revealed that alcohol can change GPe activity by decreasing neuronal firing rates, suggesting that the GPe may have a central role in explaining impulsive behaviors and failures of inhibition that occur during binge drinking. In this study, twenty-five healthy volunteers underwent intravenous alcohol infusion to achieve a blood alcohol level of 0.08 g/dl, which is equivalent to a binge drinking episode. A resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan was collected prior to the infusion and at binge-level exposure. Functional connectivity analysis was used to investigate the association between alcohol-induced changes in GPe connectivity, drinking behaviors, and impulsivity traits. We found that individuals with greater number of drinks or heavy drinking days in the recent past had greater alcohol-induced deficits in GPe connectivity, particularly to the striatum. Our data also indicated an association between impulsivity and alcohol-induced deficits in GPe-frontal/precentral connectivity. Moreover, alcohol induced changes in GPe-amygdala circuitry suggested greater vulnerabilities to stress-related drinking in some individuals. Taken together, these findings suggest that alcohol may interact with impulsive personality traits and drinking patterns to drive alterations in GPe circuitry associated with behavioral inhibition, possibly indicating a neural mechanism by which binge drinking could lead to impulsive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Fede
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karina P. Abrahao
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Cortes
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erica N. Grodin
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David T. George
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vijay A. Ramchandani
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David M. Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Kim KW, Kim K, Lee H, Suh BC. Ethanol Elevates Excitability of Superior Cervical Ganglion Neurons by Inhibiting Kv7 Channels in a Cell Type-Specific and PI(4,5)P 2-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4419. [PMID: 31500374 PMCID: PMC6770022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol causes diverse acute and chronic symptoms that often lead to critical health problems. Exposure to ethanol alters the activities of sympathetic neurons that control the muscles, eyes, and blood vessels in the brain. Although recent studies have revealed the cellular targets of ethanol, such as ion channels, the molecular mechanism by which alcohol modulates the excitability of sympathetic neurons has not been determined. Here, we demonstrated that ethanol increased the discharge of membrane potentials in sympathetic neurons by inhibiting the M-type or Kv7 channel consisting of the Kv7.2/7.3 subunits, which were involved in determining the membrane potential and excitability of neurons. Three types of sympathetic neurons, classified by their threshold of activation and firing patterns, displayed distinct sensitivities to ethanol, which were negatively correlated with the size of the Kv7 current that differs depending on the type of neuron. Using a heterologous expression system, we further revealed that the inhibitory effects of ethanol on Kv7.2/7.3 currents were facilitated or diminished by adjusting the amount of plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). These results suggested that ethanol and PI(4,5)P2 modulated gating of the Kv7 channel in superior cervical ganglion neurons in an antagonistic manner, leading to regulation of the membrane potential and neuronal excitability, as well as the physiological functions mediated by sympathetic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Woo Kim
- Department of Brain and cognitive sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Keetae Kim
- Department of New biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Hyosang Lee
- Department of Brain and cognitive sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Brain and cognitive sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
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16
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Abrahao KP, Lovinger DM. Classification of GABAergic neuron subtypes from the globus pallidus using wild-type and transgenic mice. J Physiol 2018; 596:4219-4235. [PMID: 29917235 PMCID: PMC6117588 DOI: 10.1113/jp276079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Classifying different subtypes of neurons in deep brain structures is a challenge and is crucial to better understand brain function. Understanding the diversity of neurons in the globus pallidus (GP), a brain region positioned to influence afferent and efferent information processing within basal ganglia, could help to explain a variety of brain functions. We present a classification of neurons from the GP using electrophysiological data from wild-type mice and confirmation using transgenic mice. This work will help researchers to identify specific neuronal subsets in the GP of wild-type mice when transgenic mice with labelled neurons are lacking. ABSTRACT Classification of the extensive neuronal diversity in the brain is fundamental for neuroscience. The globus pallidus external segment (GPe), also referred to as the globus pallidus in rodents, is a large nucleus located in the core of the basal ganglia whose circuitry is implicated in action control, decision-making and reward. Although considerable progress has been made in characterizing different GPe neuronal subtypes, no work has directly attempted to characterize these neurons in non-transgenic mice. Here, we provide data showing the degree of overlap in expression of neuronal PAS domain protein (Npas1), LIM homeobox 6 (Lhx6), parvalbumin (PV) and transcription factor FoxP2 biomarkers in mouse GPe neurons. We used an unbiased statistical method to classify neurons based on electrophysiological properties from nearly 200 neurons from C57BL/6J mice. In addition, we examined the subregion distribution of the neuronal subtypes. Cluster analysis using firing rate and hyperpolarization-induced membrane potential sag variables revealed three distinct neuronal clusters: type 1, characterized by low firing rate and small sag potential; type 2, with low firing rate and larger sag potential; and type 3, with high firing rate and small sag potential. We used other electrophysiological variables and data from marker-expressing neurons to evaluate the clusters. We propose that the GPe GABAergic neurons should be classified into three subgroups: arkypallidal, low-firing prototypical and high-firing prototypical neurons. This work will help researchers identify GPe neuron subtypes when transgenic mice with labelled neurons cannot be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P. Abrahao
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - David M. Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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17
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Jȩdrzejewski-Szmek Z, Abrahao KP, Jȩdrzejewska-Szmek J, Lovinger DM, Blackwell KT. Parameter Optimization Using Covariance Matrix Adaptation-Evolutionary Strategy (CMA-ES), an Approach to Investigate Differences in Channel Properties Between Neuron Subtypes. Front Neuroinform 2018; 12:47. [PMID: 30108495 PMCID: PMC6079282 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational models in neuroscience can be used to predict causal relationships between biological mechanisms in neurons and networks, such as the effect of blocking an ion channel or synaptic connection on neuron activity. Since developing a biophysically realistic, single neuron model is exceedingly difficult, software has been developed for automatically adjusting parameters of computational neuronal models. The ideal optimization software should work with commonly used neural simulation software; thus, we present software which works with models specified in declarative format for the MOOSE simulator. Experimental data can be specified using one of two different file formats. The fitness function is customizable as a weighted combination of feature differences. The optimization itself uses the covariance matrix adaptation-evolutionary strategy, because it is robust in the face of local fluctuations of the fitness function, and deals well with a high-dimensional and discontinuous fitness landscape. We demonstrate the versatility of the software by creating several model examples of each of four types of neurons (two subtypes of spiny projection neurons and two subtypes of globus pallidus neurons) by tuning to current clamp data. Optimizations reached convergence within 1,600-4,000 model evaluations (200-500 generations × population size of 8). Analysis of the parameters of the best fitting models revealed differences between neuron subtypes, which are consistent with prior experimental results. Overall our results suggest that this easy-to-use, automatic approach for finding neuron channel parameters may be applied to current clamp recordings from neurons exhibiting different biochemical markers to help characterize ionic differences between other neuron subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina P. Abrahao
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - David M. Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kim T. Blackwell
- Krasnow Institute of Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
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18
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Cannady R, Rinker JA, Nimitvilai S, Woodward JJ, Mulholland PJ. Chronic Alcohol, Intrinsic Excitability, and Potassium Channels: Neuroadaptations and Drinking Behavior. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 248:311-343. [PMID: 29374839 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural mechanisms underlying alcohol use disorder remain elusive, and this lack of understanding has slowed the development of efficacious treatment strategies for reducing relapse rates and prolonging abstinence. While synaptic adaptations produced by chronic alcohol exposure have been extensively characterized in a variety of brain regions, changes in intrinsic excitability of critical projection neurons are understudied. Accumulating evidence suggests that prolonged alcohol drinking and alcohol dependence produce plasticity of intrinsic excitability as measured by changes in evoked action potential firing and after-hyperpolarization amplitude. In this chapter, we describe functional changes in cell firing of projection neurons after long-term alcohol exposure that occur across species and in multiple brain regions. Adaptations in calcium-activated (KCa2), voltage-dependent (KV7), and G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying (Kir3 or GIRK) potassium channels that regulate the evoked firing and after-hyperpolarization parallel functional changes in intrinsic excitability induced by chronic alcohol. Moreover, there are strong genetic links between alcohol-related behaviors and genes encoding KCa2, KV7, and GIRK channels, and pharmacologically targeting these channels reduces alcohol consumption and alcohol-related behaviors. Together, these studies demonstrate that chronic alcohol drinking produces adaptations in KCa2, KV7, and GIRK channels leading to impaired regulation of the after-hyperpolarization and aberrant cell firing. Correcting the deficit in the after-hyperpolarization with positive modulators of KCa2 and KV7 channels and altering the GIRK channel binding pocket to block the access of alcohol represent a potentially highly effective pharmacological approach that can restore changes in intrinsic excitability and reduce alcohol consumption in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Cannady
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jennifer A Rinker
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sudarat Nimitvilai
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John J Woodward
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patrick J Mulholland
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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19
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Abrahao KP, Salinas AG, Lovinger DM. Alcohol and the Brain: Neuronal Molecular Targets, Synapses, and Circuits. Neuron 2017; 96:1223-1238. [PMID: 29268093 PMCID: PMC6566861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the most commonly abused drugs. Although environmental and genetic factors contribute to the etiology of alcohol use disorders, it is ethanol's actions in the brain that explain (1) acute ethanol-related behavioral changes, such as stimulant followed by depressant effects, and (2) chronic changes in behavior, including escalated use, tolerance, compulsive seeking, and dependence. Our knowledge of ethanol use and abuse thus relies on understanding its effects on the brain. Scientists have employed both bottom-up and top-down approaches, building from molecular targets to behavioral analyses and vice versa, respectively. This review highlights current progress in the field, focusing on recent and emerging molecular, cellular, and circuit effects of the drug that impact ethanol-related behaviors. The focus of the field is now on pinpointing which molecular effects in specific neurons within a brain region contribute to behavioral changes across the course of acute and chronic ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P Abrahao
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Armando G Salinas
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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20
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Cui C, Koob GF. Titrating Tipsy Targets: The Neurobiology of Low-Dose Alcohol. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:556-568. [PMID: 28372826 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Limited attention has been given to our understanding of how the brain responds to low-dose alcohol (ethanol) and what molecular and cellular targets mediate these effects. Even at concentrations lower than 10mM (0.046 g% blood alcohol concentration, BAC), below the legal driving limit in the USA (BAC 0.08 g%), alcohol impacts brain function and behavior. Understanding what molecular and cellular targets mediate the initial effects of alcohol and subsequent neuroplasticity could provide a better understanding of vulnerability or resilience to developing alcohol use disorders. We review here what is known about the neurobiology of low-dose alcohol, provide insights into potential molecular targets, and discuss future directions and challenges in further defining targets of low-dose alcohol at the molecular, cellular, and circuitry levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhai Cui
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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21
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Lovinger DM, Alvarez VA. Alcohol and basal ganglia circuitry: Animal models. Neuropharmacology 2017; 122:46-55. [PMID: 28341206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brain circuits that include the cortex and basal ganglia make up the bulk of the forebrain, and influence behaviors related to almost all aspects of affective, cognitive and sensorimotor functions. The learning of new actions as well as association of existing action repertoires with environmental events are key functions of this circuitry. Unfortunately, the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry is also the target for all drugs of abuse, including alcohol. This makes the circuitry susceptible to the actions of chronic alcohol exposure that impairs circuit function in ways that contribute to cognitive dysfunction and drug use disorders. In the present review, we describe the connectivity and functions of the associative, limbic and sensorimotor cortico-basal ganglia circuits. We then review the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on circuit function. Finally, we review studies examining the roles of the different circuits and circuit elements in alcohol use and abuse. We attempt to synthesize information from a variety of studies in laboratory animals and humans to generate hypotheses about how the three circuits interact with each other and with the other brain circuits during exposure to alcohol and during the development of alcohol use disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Veronica A Alvarez
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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22
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Voltage-Sensitive Potassium Channels of the BK Type and Their Coding Genes Are Alcohol Targets in Neurons. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 248:281-309. [PMID: 29204711 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Among all members of the voltage-gated, TM6 ion channel superfamily, the proteins that constitute calcium- and voltage-gated potassium channels of large conductance (BK) and their coding genes are unique for their involvement in ethanol-induced disruption of normal physiology and behavior. Moreover, in vitro studies document that BK activity is modified by ethanol with an EC50~23 mM, which is near blood alcohol levels considered legal intoxication in most states of the USA (0.08 g/dL = 17.4 mM). Following a succinct introduction to our current understanding of BK structure and function in central neurons, with a focus on neural circuits that contribute to the neurobiology of alcohol use disorders (AUD), we review the modifications in organ physiology by alcohol exposure via BK and the different molecular elements that determine the ethanol response of BK in alcohol-naïve systems, including the role of an ethanol-recognizing site in the BK-forming slo1 protein, modulation of accessory BK subunits, and their coding genes. The participation of these and additional elements in determining the response of a system or an organism to protracted ethanol exposure is consequently analyzed, with insights obtained from invertebrate and vertebrate models. Particular emphasis is put on the role of BK and coding genes in different forms of tolerance to alcohol exposure. We finally discuss genetic results on BK obtained in invertebrate organisms and rodents in light of possible extrapolation to human AUD.
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