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Blin T, Parent C, Pichon G, Guillon A, Jouan Y, Allouchi H, Aubrey N, Boursin F, Domain R, Korkmaz B, Sécher T, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. The proteolytic airway environment associated with pneumonia acts as a barrier for treatment with anti-infective antibodies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 195:114163. [PMID: 38086491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Like pneumonia, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a massive infiltration of innate immune cells (such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes) into the airways and alveolar spaces. These cells release proteases that may degrade therapeutic antibodies and thus limit their effectiveness. Here, we investigated the in vitro and ex vivo impact on anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) IgG1s and other IgG subclasses (IgG2 and IgG4) of the neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3 and cathepsin G (the three main neutrophil serine proteases) found in endotracheal aspirates from patients with severe COVID-19. Although the IgGs were sensitive to neutrophil serine proteases, IgG2 was most resistant to proteolytic degradation. The two anti-SARS CoV2 antibodies (casirivimab and imdevimab) were sensitive to the lung's proteolytic environment, although neutrophil serine protease inhibitors only partly limited the degradation. Overall, our results show that the pneumonia-associated imbalance between proteases and their inhibitors in the airways contributes to degradation of antiviral antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Blin
- INSERM, Respiratory Disease Research Centre, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; Tours University Hospital (CHRU), Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Resource Center, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Christelle Parent
- INSERM, Respiratory Disease Research Centre, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Gabrielle Pichon
- INSERM, Respiratory Disease Research Centre, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Antoine Guillon
- INSERM, Respiratory Disease Research Centre, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; Tours University Hospital (CHRU), Critical Care Department, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Youenn Jouan
- INSERM, Respiratory Disease Research Centre, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; Tours University Hospital (CHRU), Cardiac Surgery Department, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Hassan Allouchi
- INSERM, Respiratory Disease Research Centre, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; Tours University Hospital (CHRU), Pharmacy Department, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Aubrey
- University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; UMR INRA ISP 1282, BioMap Team, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Fanny Boursin
- University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; UMR INRA ISP 1282, BioMap Team, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Roxane Domain
- INSERM, Respiratory Disease Research Centre, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Baris Korkmaz
- INSERM, Respiratory Disease Research Centre, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Thomas Sécher
- INSERM, Respiratory Disease Research Centre, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Respiratory Disease Research Centre, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France.
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Kazim M, Yoo E. Recent Advances in the Development of Non-Invasive Imaging Probes for Cancer Immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310694. [PMID: 37843426 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a major revolution in the field of tumor immunology including clinical progress using various immunotherapy strategies. These advances have highlighted the potential for approaches that harness the power of the immune system to fight against cancer. While cancer immunotherapies have shown significant clinical successes, patient responses vary widely due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of tumors and immune responses, calling for reliable biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to maximize the benefits of immunotherapy. Especially, stratifying responding individuals from non-responders during the early stages of treatment could help avoid long-term damage and tailor personalized treatments. In efforts to develop non-invasive means for accurately evaluating and predicting tumor response to immunotherapy, multiple affinity-based agents targeting immune cell markers and checkpoint molecules have been developed and advanced to clinical trials. In addition, researchers have recently turned their attention to substrate and activity-based imaging probes that can provide real-time, functional assessment of immune response to treatment. Here, we highlight some of those recently designed probes that image functional proteases as biomarkers of cancer immunotherapy with a focus on their chemical design and detection modalities and discuss challenges and opportunities for the development of imaging tools utilized in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kazim
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Euna Yoo
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Collins MS, Imbrogno MA, Kopras EJ, Howard JA, Zhang N, Kramer EL, Hudock KM. Heterogeneity in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps from Healthy Human Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:525. [PMID: 38203698 PMCID: PMC10779146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a key component of early defense against microbial infection, are also associated with tissue injury. NET composition has been reported to vary with some disease states, but the composition and variability of NETs across many healthy subjects provide a critical comparison that has not been well investigated. We evaluated NETs from twelve healthy subjects of varying ages isolated from multiple blood draws over a three-and-one-half-year period to delineate the variability in extracellular DNA, protein, enzymatic activities, and susceptibility to protease inhibitors. We calculated correlations for NET constituents and loss of human bronchial epithelial barrier integrity, measured by transepithelial electrical resistance, after NET exposure. We found that although there was some variability within the same subject over time, the mean NET total DNA, dsDNA, protein, LDH, neutrophil elastase (NE), and proteinase 3 (PR3) in isolated NETs were consistent across subjects. NET serine protease activity varied considerably within the same donor from day to day. The mean NET cathepsin G and MPO were significantly different across donors. IL-8 > IL-1RA > G-CSF were the most abundant cytokines in NETs. There was no significant difference in the mean concentration or variability of IL-8, IL-1RA, G-CSF, IL-1α, IL-1β, or TNF-α in different subjects' NETs. NET DNA concentration was correlated with increased NET neutrophil elastase activity and higher NET IL-1RA concentrations. The mean reduction in protease activity by protease inhibitors was significantly different across donors. NET DNA concentration correlated best with reductions in the barrier integrity of human bronchial epithelia. Defining NET concentration by DNA content correlates with other NET components and reductions in NET-driven epithelial barrier dysfunction, suggesting DNA is a reasonable surrogate measurement for these complex structures in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S. Collins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Michelle A. Imbrogno
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Kopras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - James A. Howard
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Nanhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kristin M. Hudock
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Liu B, Korkmaz B, Kraft P, Mayer T, Sayour AA, Grundl MA, Domain R, Karck M, Szabó G, Korkmaz-Icöz S. Pharmacological inhibition of the cysteine protease cathepsin C improves graft function after heart transplantation in rats. J Transl Med 2023; 21:799. [PMID: 37946197 PMCID: PMC10636924 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart transplantation (HTX) is the standard treatment for end-stage heart failure. However, reperfusion following an ischemic period can contribute to myocardial injury. Neutrophil infiltration, along with the subsequent release of tissue-degrading neutrophil elastase (NE)-related serine proteases and oxygen-derived radicals, is associated with adverse graft outcomes. The inhibition of cathepsin C (CatC) has been shown to block NE-related protease activation. We hypothesized that the CatC inhibitor BI-9740 improves graft function after HTX. METHODS In a rat model of HTX, the recipient Lewis rats were orally administered with either a placebo (n = 12) or BI-9740 (n = 11, 20 mg/kg) once daily for 12 days. Donor hearts from untreated Lewis rats were explanted, preserved in a cardioplegic solution, and subsequently heterotopically implanted. In vivo left-ventricular (LV) graft function was assessed after 1 h of reperfusion. The proteolytic activity of neutrophil serine proteases was determined in bone marrow lysates from BI-9740-treated and control rats. Additionally, myocardial morphological changes were examined, and heart samples underwent immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS The NE-related proteolytic activity in bone marrow cell lysates was markedly decreased in the BI-9740-treated rats compared to those of the placebo group. Histopathological lesions, elevated CatC and myeloperoxidase-positive cell infiltration, and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity with an increased number of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1-positive cells were lowered in the hearts of animals treated with BI-9740 compared to placebo groups. Regarding the functional parameters of the implanted graft, improvements were observed in both systolic function (LV systolic pressure 110 ± 6 vs 74 ± 6 mmHg; dP/dtmax 2782 ± 149 vs 2076 ± 167 mmHg/s, LV developed pressure, at an intraventricular volume of 200 µl, p < 0.05) and diastolic function in the hearts of BI-9740 treated animals compared with those receiving the only placebo. Furthermore, the administration of BI-9740 resulted in a shorter graft re-beating time compared to the placebo group. However, this study did not provide evidence of DNA fragmentation, the generation of both superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, correlating with the absence of protein alterations related to apoptosis, as evidenced by western blot in grafts after HTX. CONCLUSIONS We provided experimental evidence that pharmacological inhibition of CatC improves graft function following HTX in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoer Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and Université de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Patricia Kraft
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Mayer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alex A Sayour
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | - Marc A Grundl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Roxane Domain
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and Université de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120, Halle, Germany.
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Collins MS, Imbrogno MA, Kopras EJ, Howard JA, Zhang N, Kramer EL, Hudock KM. Heterogeneity in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps from Healthy Human Subjects. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.03.565547. [PMID: 37961496 PMCID: PMC10635125 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), a key component of early defense against microbial infection, are also associated with tissue injury. NET composition has been reported to vary with some disease states, but the composition and variability of NETs across many healthy subjects provides a critical comparison that has not been well investigated. We evaluated NETs from twelve healthy subjects of varying ages isolated from multiple blood draws over a three and one half-year period to delineate the variability in extracellular DNA, protein, enzymatic activities, and susceptibility to protease inhibitors. We calculated correlations for NET constituents and loss of human bronchial epithelial barrier integrity, measured by transepithelial electrical resistance, after NET exposure. We found that although there was some variability within the same subject over time, the mean numbers of neutrophils, protein, LDH, serine protease activities, and cytokines IL-8, IL-1RA, and G-CSF in isolated NETs were consistent across subjects. Total DNA and double stranded DNA content in NETs were different across donors. NETs had little or no TNFα, IL-17A, or GM-CSF. NET DNA concentration correlated with increased NET neutrophil elastase activity and higher NET IL-1RA concentrations. NET serine protease activity varied considerably within the same donor from day-to-day. Mean response to protease inhibitors was significantly different across donors. NET DNA concentration correlated best with reductions in barrier integrity of human bronchial epithelia. Defining NET concentration by DNA content correlates with other NET components and reductions in NET-driven epithelial barrier dysfunction, suggesting DNA is a reasonable surrogate measurement for these complex structures in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S. Collins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Michelle A. Imbrogno
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Kopras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - James A. Howard
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nanhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Kristin M. Hudock
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
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Rodriguez-Rios M, Rinaldi G, Megia-Fernandez A, Lilienkampf A, Robb CT, Rossi AG, Bradley M. Moving into the red - a near infra-red optical probe for analysis of human neutrophil elastase in activated neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11660-11663. [PMID: 37695093 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03634k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first immune cells recruited for defence against invading pathogens; however, their dysregulated activation and subsequent release of the enzyme human neutrophil elastase is associated with several, inflammation-based, diseases. Herein, we describe a FRET-based, tri-branched (one quencher, three fluorophores) near infrared probe that provides an intense OFF/ON amplified fluorescence signal for specific detection of human neutrophil elastase. The probe allowed selective detection of activated neutrophils and labelling of neutrophil extracellular traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodriguez-Rios
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - G Rinaldi
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - A Megia-Fernandez
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071, Spain
| | - A Lilienkampf
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - C T Robb
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - A G Rossi
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - M Bradley
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Empire House, 67-75 New Road, London E1 1HH, UK.
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Molossi FA, Albuquerque de Almeida B, Santana de Cecco B, Pissetti C, Ventura L, Brandalise L, Simão G, Vanucci F, Negrao Watababe TT, Vaz Jr. IDS, Driemeier D. Porcine circovirus type 3: immunohistochemical detection in lesions of naturally affected piglets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1174718. [PMID: 37215483 PMCID: PMC10192697 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1174718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) viral load and histopathological findings in perinatal piglet tissues and to develop an immunohistochemical method for detecting the virus in lesions. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) cycle threshold (Ct) when amplifying PCV3 DNA and the area of perivascular inflammatory infiltrates in different organs [central nervous system (CNS), lung, heart, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes] were compared. To develop an immunohistochemistry technique, rabbit sera were produced against PCV3-capsid protein peptides selected using bioinformatic analyses. The assay was initially implemented using a tissue sample previously tested using qPCR and in situ hybridization to optimize the procedure and reagent dilutions. To evaluate immunohistochemistry performance, tissue samples from another 17 cases were analyzed using standardized parameters. The most common microscopic lesion was multisystemic periarteritis, with associated vasculitis, as the mesenteric vascular plexus is one of the most affected organs. Other tissues, such as the heart, lung, CNS, and skeletal muscle, were also affected. Comparison of the Ct values for different tissues showed no significant difference, except in lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph nodes), which had significantly higher viral loads than the CNS tissues. There was no correlation between Ct values and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates. PCV3 immunohistochemistry revealed granular immunolabeling, mainly in the cytoplasm of cells in the vascular mesenteric plexus, heart, lung, kidney, and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bianca Santana de Cecco
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Caroline Pissetti
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Sanidade Animal (CEDISA), Concórdia, Brazil
| | - Lauren Ventura
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Sanidade Animal (CEDISA), Concórdia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabio Vanucci
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrao Watababe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz Jr.
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Milinic T, McElvaney OJ, Goss CH. Diagnosis and Management of Cystic Fibrosis Exacerbations. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44:225-241. [PMID: 36746183 PMCID: PMC10131792 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the improving survival of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and the advent of highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) therapy, the clinical spectrum of this complex multisystem disease continues to evolve. One of the most important clinical events for patients with CF in the course of this disease is acute pulmonary exacerbation (PEx). Clinical and microbial epidemiology studies of CF PEx continue to provide important insight into the disease course, prognosis, and complications. This work has now led to several large-scale clinical trials designed to clarify the treatment paradigm for CF PEx. The primary goal of this review is to provide a summary and update of the pathophysiology, clinical and microbial epidemiology, outcome and treatment of CF PEx, biomarkers for exacerbation, and the impact of highly effective modulator therapy on these events moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Milinic
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Oliver J McElvaney
- Cysic Fibrosis Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christopher H Goss
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Cysic Fibrosis Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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9
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Ding Q, Loganathan S, Zhou P, Sayour AA, Brlecic P, Radovits T, Domain R, Korkmaz B, Karck M, Szabó G, Korkmaz-Icöz S. Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Protects Vascular Grafts of Brain-Dead Rats Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Surg Res 2023; 283:953-964. [PMID: 36915024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endothelial dysfunction is a potential side effect of brain death (BD). Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury during heart transplantation may lead to further endothelial damage. Protective effects of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), a human neutrophil serine protease inhibitor, have been demonstrated against IR injury. We hypothesized that AAT protects brain-dead rats' vascular grafts from IR injury. METHODS Donor rats were subjected to BD by inflation of a subdural balloon. After 5.5 h, aortic rings were immediately mounted in organ baths (BD, n = 6 rats) or preserved in saline, supplemented either with vehicle (BD-IR, n = 8 rats) or AAT (BD-IR + AAT, n = 14 rats) for 24 h. During organ bath experiment, rings from both IR groups were exposed to hypochlorite to simulate warm reperfusion-associated endothelial injury. Endothelial function was measured ex vivo. Immunohistochemical staining for caspases was carried out and DNA-strand breaks were evaluated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling. Data are presented as median (interquartile range). RESULTS AAT improved IR-induced decreased maximum endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine in the BD-IR + AAT aortas compared to the BD-IR group (BD: 83 (9-28) % versus BD-IR: 49 (39-60) % versus BD-IR + AAT: 64 (24-42) %, P < 0.05). Additionally, an increase in the rings' sensitivity to acetylcholine was noted after AAT (pD2-value: BD-IR + AAT: 7.35 (7.06-7.89) versus BD-IR: 6.96 (6.65-7.21), P < 0.05). Caspase-3, -8, -9, and -12 immunoreactivity and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells were significantly decreased by AAT. CONCLUSIONS AAT alleviates endothelial dysfunction, prevents increased caspase-3, -8, -9, and -12 levels, and decreases apoptotic DNA breakage due to BD and IR injury. This suggests that AAT treatment may be therapeutically beneficial to reduce IR-induced vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Ding
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sivakkanan Loganathan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alex Ali Sayour
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paige Brlecic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roxane Domain
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany.
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10
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Carla Guarino, Seren S, Lemoine R, Hummel A, Margotin JE, El-Benna J, Hoarau C, Specks U, Jenne D, Korkmaz B. Constitutive and induced forms of membrane-bound proteinase 3 interact with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and promote immune activation of neutrophils. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103072. [PMID: 36849007 PMCID: PMC10124916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinase 3 (PR3) is the main target antigen of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis. A small fraction of PR3 is constitutively exposed on the surface of quiescent blood neutrophils in a proteolytically inactive form. When activated, neutrophils expose an induced form of membrane-bound PR3 (PR3mb) on their surface as well, which is enzymatically less active than unbound PR3 in solution due to its altered conformation. In this work, our objective was to understand the respective role of constitutive and induced PR3mb in the immune activation of neutrophils triggered by murine anti-PR3 mAbs and human PR3-ANCA. We quantified immune activation of neutrophils by the measurement of the production of superoxide anions and secreted protease activity in the cell supernatant before and after treatment of the cells by alpha-1 protease inhibitor (α1PI) that clears induced PR3mb from the cell surface. Incubation of TNFα-primed neutrophils with anti-PR3 antibodies resulted in a significant increase in superoxide anion production, membrane activation marker exposition, and secreted protease activity. When primed neutrophils were first treated with α1PI, we observed a partial reduction in antibody-induced neutrophil activation, suggesting that constitutive PR3mb is sufficient to activate neutrophils. The pre-treatment of primed neutrophils with purified antigen-binding fragments used as competitor significantly reduced cell activation by whole antibodies. This led us to the conclusion that PR3mb promoted immune activation of neutrophils. We propose that blocking and/or elimination of PR3mb offers a new therapeutic strategy to attenuate neutrophil activation in patients with PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guarino
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - Seda Seren
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - Roxane Lemoine
- EA4245 "Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation", University of Tours, France and Clinical immunology and allergology Service, Tours University Hospital, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - AmberM Hummel
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jean-Edouard Margotin
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Hoarau
- EA4245 "Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation", University of Tours, France and Clinical immunology and allergology Service, Tours University Hospital, F-37032, Tours, France
| | - Ulrich Specks
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - DieterE Jenne
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, F-37032, Tours, France.
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11
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Hudock KM, Collins MS, Imbrogno MA, Kramer EL, Brewington JJ, Ziady A, Zhang N, Snowball J, Xu Y, Carey BC, Horio Y, O’Grady SM, Kopras EJ, Meeker J, Morgan H, Ostmann AJ, Skala E, Siefert ME, Na CL, Davidson CR, Gollomp K, Mangalmurti N, Trapnell BC, Clancy JP. Alpha-1 antitrypsin limits neutrophil extracellular trap disruption of airway epithelial barrier function. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1023553. [PMID: 36703990 PMCID: PMC9872031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to lung injury in cystic fibrosis and asthma, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to understand the impact of human NETs on barrier function in primary human bronchial epithelial and a human airway epithelial cell line. We demonstrate that NETs disrupt airway epithelial barrier function by decreasing transepithelial electrical resistance and increasing paracellular flux, partially by NET-induced airway cell apoptosis. NETs selectively impact the expression of tight junction genes claudins 4, 8 and 11. Bronchial epithelia exposed to NETs demonstrate visible gaps in E-cadherin staining, a decrease in full-length E-cadherin protein and the appearance of cleaved E-cadherin peptides. Pretreatment of NETs with alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) inhibits NET serine protease activity, limits E-cadherin cleavage, decreases bronchial cell apoptosis and preserves epithelial integrity. In conclusion, NETs disrupt human airway epithelial barrier function through bronchial cell death and degradation of E-cadherin, which are limited by exogenous A1AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Hudock
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,*Correspondence: K. M. Hudock,
| | - M. S. Collins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - M. A. Imbrogno
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - E. L. Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. J. Brewington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - A. Ziady
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - N. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. Snowball
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Y. Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - B. C. Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Y. Horio
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - S. M. O’Grady
- Departments of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - E. J. Kopras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. Meeker
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - H. Morgan
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - A. J. Ostmann
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - E. Skala
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - M. E. Siefert
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - C. L. Na
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - C. R. Davidson
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - K. Gollomp
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - N. Mangalmurti
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Pennsylvania Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - B. C. Trapnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. P. Clancy
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States
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12
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Chu TY, Zheng-Gérard C, Huang KY, Chang YC, Chen YW, I KY, Lo YL, Chiang NY, Chen HY, Stacey M, Gordon S, Tseng WY, Sun CY, Wu YM, Pan YS, Huang CH, Lin CY, Chen TC, El Omari K, Antonelou M, Henderson SR, Salama A, Seiradake E, Lin HH. GPR97 triggers inflammatory processes in human neutrophils via a macromolecular complex upstream of PAR2 activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6385. [PMID: 36302784 PMCID: PMC9613636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play essential anti-microbial and inflammatory roles in host defense, however, their activities require tight regulation as dysfunction often leads to detrimental inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here we show that the adhesion molecule GPR97 allosterically activates CD177-associated membrane proteinase 3 (mPR3), and in conjugation with several protein interaction partners leads to neutrophil activation in humans. Crystallographic and deletion analysis of the GPR97 extracellular region identified two independent mPR3-binding domains. Mechanistically, the efficient binding and activation of mPR3 by GPR97 requires the macromolecular CD177/GPR97/PAR2/CD16b complex and induces the activation of PAR2, a G protein-coupled receptor known for its function in inflammation. Triggering PAR2 by the upstream complex leads to strong inflammatory activation, prompting anti-microbial activities and endothelial dysfunction. The role of the complex in pathologic inflammation is underscored by the finding that both GPR97 and mPR3 are upregulated on the surface of disease-associated neutrophils. In summary, we identify a PAR2 activation mechanism that directs neutrophil activation, and thus inflammation. The PR3/CD177/GPR97/PAR2/CD16b protein complex, therefore, represents a potential therapeutic target for neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ying Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuan-Yeh Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu I
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Yi Chiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Martin Stacey
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wen-Yi Tseng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hao Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kamel El Omari
- Diamond Light Source Limited, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | | | | | - Alan Salama
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Campus, UCL, London, UK
| | - Elena Seiradake
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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13
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Kobpornchai P, Reamtong O, Phuphisut O, Malaitong P, Adisakwattana P. Serine protease inhibitor derived from Trichinella spiralis (TsSERP) inhibits neutrophil elastase and impairs human neutrophil functions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:919835. [PMID: 36389172 PMCID: PMC9640929 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.919835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During early infection with Trichinella spiralis, host neutrophils destroy newborn larvae migrating in the bloodstream, preventing infection. However, parasites secrete various immunomodulatory molecules to escape the host’s defense mechanisms, allowing them to infect the host and live for long periods. T. spiralis secretes serine protease inhibitors (TsSERPs), which are key inhibitory molecules that regulate serine proteases involved in digestion and inflammation. However, the modulatory roles of TsSERP in the inhibition of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) and neutrophil functions are unknown. Therefore, the immunomodulatory properties of recombinant TsSERP1 (rTsSERP1) on NSPs and neutrophil functions were investigated in this study. rTsSERP1 preferentially inhibited human neutrophil elastase (hNE). In addition, incubation of rTsSERP1 with fMLP-induced neutrophils impaired their phagocytic ability. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was activated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and NETs were dramatically reduced when treated with rTsSERP1. Furthermore, rTsSERP1 suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines during neutrophil activation, which are essential for neutrophil-mediated local or systemic inflammation regulation. In conclusion, T. spiralis immune evasion mechanisms are promoted by the inhibitory properties of TsSERP1 against neutrophil elastase and neutrophil defense functions, and these might be promising alternative treatment targets for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porntida Kobpornchai
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Phuphisut
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preeyarat Malaitong
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Poom Adisakwattana,
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14
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Fuzo CA, Martins RB, Fraga-Silva TFC, Amstalden MK, Canassa De Leo T, Souza JP, Lima TM, Faccioli LH, Okamoto DN, Juliano MA, França SC, Juliano L, Bonato VLD, Arruda E, Dias-Baruffi M. Celastrol: A lead compound that inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication, the activity of viral and human cysteine proteases, and virus-induced IL-6 secretion. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1623-1640. [PMID: 35989498 PMCID: PMC9539158 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The global emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has caused substantial human casualties. Clinical manifestations of this disease vary from asymptomatic to lethal, and the symptomatic form can be associated with cytokine storm and hyperinflammation. In face of the urgent demand for effective drugs to treat COVID‐19, we have searched for candidate compounds using in silico approach followed by experimental validation. Here we identified celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, as one of the best compounds out of 39 drug candidates. Celastrol reverted the gene expression signature from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐infected cells and irreversibly inhibited the recombinant forms of the viral and human cysteine proteases involved in virus invasion, such as Mpro (main protease), PLpro (papain‐like protease), and recombinant human cathepsin L. Celastrol suppressed SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in human and monkey cell lines and decreased interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) secretion in the SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected human cell line. Celastrol acted in a concentration‐dependent manner, with undetectable signs of cytotoxicity, and inhibited in vitro replication of the parental and SARS‐CoV‐2 variant. Therefore, celastrol is a promising lead compound to develop new drug candidates to face COVID‐19 due to its ability to suppress SARS‐CoV‐2 replication and IL‐6 production in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Fuzo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais F C Fraga-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin K Amstalden
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Canassa De Leo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano P Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais M Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia H Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Noma Okamoto
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzelei C França
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vania L D Bonato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Wu M, Liang Y, Zhang X. Changes in Pulmonary Microenvironment Aids Lung Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860932. [PMID: 35719975 PMCID: PMC9204317 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most common malignant disease in the world according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the most critical cause of death is distant metastasis. The lung is the extremely common visceral site for breast cancer metastasis. Lung metastasis of breast cancer is not only dependent on the invasive ability of the tumor itself, but also closely relates to the pulmonary microenvironment. In the progression of breast cancer, the formation of specific microenvironment in lungs can provide suitable conditions for the metastasis of breast cancer. Pulmonary inflammatory response, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, some chemotherapeutic agents and so on all play important roles in the formation of the pulmonary microenvironment. This review highlights recent findings regarding the alterations of pulmonary microenvironment in lung metastasis of breast cancer, with a focus on various cells and acellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Wu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Clinical Biobanks and Translational Research, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Clinical Biobanks and Translational Research, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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16
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Jerke U, Eulenberg-Gustavus C, Rousselle A, Nicklin P, Kreideweiss S, Grundl MA, Eickholz P, Nickles K, Schreiber A, Korkmaz B, Kettritz R. Targeting Cathepsin C in PR3-ANCA Vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:936-947. [PMID: 35292437 PMCID: PMC9063889 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ANCA autoantigens proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are exclusively expressed by neutrophils and monocytes. ANCA-mediated activation of these cells is the key driver of the vascular injury process in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), and neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) are disease mediators. Cathepsin C (CatC) from zymogens activates the proteolytic function of NSPs, including PR3. Lack of NSP zymogen activation results in neutrophils with strongly reduced NSP proteins. METHODS To explore AAV-relevant consequences of blocking NSP zymogen activation by CatC, we used myeloid cells from patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, a genetic deficiency of CatC, to assess NSPs and NSP-mediated endothelial cell injury. We also examined pharmacologic CatC inhibition in neutrophil-differentiated human hematopoietic stem cells, primary human umbilical vein cells, and primary glomerular microvascular endothelial cells. RESULTS Patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome showed strongly reduced NSPs in neutrophils and monocytes. Neutrophils from these patients produced a negative PR3-ANCA test, presented less PR3 on the surface of viable and apoptotic cells, and caused significantly less damage in human umbilical vein cells. These findings were recapitulated in human stem cells, in which a highly specific CatC inhibitor, but not prednisolone, reduced NSPs without affecting neutrophil differentiation, reduced membrane PR3, and diminished neutrophil activation upon PR3-ANCA but not MPO-ANCA stimulation. Compared with healthy controls, neutrophils from patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome transferred less proteolytically active NSPs to glomerular microvascular endothelial cells, the cell type targeted in ANCA-induced necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis. Finally, both genetic CatC deficiency and pharmacologic inhibition, but not prednisolone, reduced neutrophil-induced glomerular microvascular endothelial cell damage. CONCLUSIONS These findings may offer encouragement for clinical studies of adjunctive CatC inhibitor in patients with PR3-AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Jerke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Eulenberg-Gustavus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anthony Rousselle
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Nicklin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Marc A Grundl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Peridontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Nickles
- Peridontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Adrian Schreiber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Kettritz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany .,Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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McElvaney OF, Asakura T, Meinig SL, Torres-Castillo JL, Hagan RS, Gabillard-Lefort C, Murphy MP, Thorne LB, Borczuk A, Reeves EP, Zumwalt RE, Mikami Y, Carroll TP, Okuda K, Hogan G, McElvaney OJ, Clarke J, McEvoy NL, Mallon PW, McCarthy C, Curley G, Wolfgang MC, Boucher RC, McElvaney NG. Protease-anti-protease compartmentalization in SARS-CoV-2 ARDS: Therapeutic implications. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103894. [PMID: 35217407 PMCID: PMC8861575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is elevated in SARS-CoV-2 infection. IL-6 regulates acute-phase proteins, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), a key lung anti-protease. We investigated the protease-anti-protease balance in the circulation and pulmonary compartments in SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared to non-SARS-CoV-2 ARDS (nsARDS) and the effects of tocilizumab (IL-6 receptor antagonist) on anti-protease defence in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Levels and activity of AAT and neutrophil elastase (NE) were measured in plasma, airway tissue and tracheal secretions (TA) of people with SARS-CoV-2 ARDS or nsARDS. AAT and IL-6 levels were evaluated in people with moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection who received standard of care +/- tocilizumab. Findings AAT plasma levels doubled in SARS-CoV-2 ARDS. In lung parenchyma AAT levels were increased, as was the percentage of neutrophils involved in NET formation. A protease-anti-protease imbalance was detected in TA with active NE and no active AAT. The airway anti-protease, secretory leukoprotease inhibitor was decreased in SARS-CoV-2-infected lungs and cleaved in TA. In nsARDS, plasma AAT levels were elevated but TA samples had less AAT cleavage, with no detectable active NE in most samples Induction of AAT in ARDS occurred mainly through IL-6. Tocilizumab down-regulated AAT during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interpretation There is a protease-anti-protease imbalance in the airways of SARS-CoV-2-ARDS patients. This imbalance is a target for anti-protease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisin F McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne L Meinig
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose L Torres-Castillo
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Claudie Gabillard-Lefort
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark P Murphy
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Leigh B Thorne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alain Borczuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emer P Reeves
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross E Zumwalt
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yu Mikami
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tomas P Carroll
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Alpha-1 Foundation, Ireland
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Grace Hogan
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliver J McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Clarke
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Natalie L McEvoy
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick W Mallon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac McCarthy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ger Curley
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew C Wolfgang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Sanchez Klose FP, Björnsdottir H, Dahlstrand Rudin A, Persson T, Khamzeh A, Sundqvist M, Thorbert-Mros S, Dieckmann R, Christenson K, Bylund J. A rare CTSC mutation in Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome results in abolished serine protease activity and reduced NET formation but otherwise normal neutrophil function. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261724. [PMID: 34932608 PMCID: PMC8691626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS) is an autosomal recessive monogenic disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the CTSC gene, thus preventing the synthesis of the protease Cathepsin C (CTSC) in a proteolytically active form. CTSC is responsible for the activation of the pro-forms of the neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs; Elastase, Proteinase 3 and Cathepsin G), suggesting its involvement in a variety of neutrophil functions. In PLS neutrophils, the lack of CTSC protease activity leads to inactivity of the NSPs. Clinically, PLS is characterized by an early, typically pre-pubertal, onset of severe periodontal pathology and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. However, PLS is not considered an immune deficiency as patients do not typically suffer from recurrent and severe (bacterial and fungal) infections. In this study we investigated an unusual CTSC mutation in two siblings with PLS, a 503A>G substitution in exon 4 of the CTSC gene, expected to result in an amino acid replacement from tyrosine to cysteine at position 168 of the CTSC protein. Both patients bearing this mutation presented with pronounced periodontal pathology. The characteristics and functions of neutrophils from patients homozygous for the 503A>G CTSC mutation were compared to another previously described PLS mutation (755A>T), and a small cohort of healthy volunteers. Neutrophil lysates from patients with the 503A>G substitution lacked CTSC protein and did not display any CTSC or NSP activity, yet neutrophil counts, morphology, priming, chemotaxis, radical production, and regulation of apoptosis were without any overt signs of alteration. However, NET formation upon PMA-stimulation was found to be severely depressed, but not abolished, in PLS neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix P. Sanchez Klose
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Halla Björnsdottir
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes Dahlstrand Rudin
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tishana Persson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arsham Khamzeh
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Thorbert-Mros
- Specialist Clinic of Periodontics, Gothenburg, Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Régis Dieckmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Freire MCLC, Noske GD, Bitencourt NV, Sanches PRS, Santos-Filho NA, Gawriljuk VO, de Souza EP, Nogueira VHR, de Godoy MO, Nakamura AM, Fernandes RS, Godoy AS, Juliano MA, Peres BM, Barbosa CG, Moraes CB, Freitas-Junior LHG, Cilli EM, Guido RVC, Oliva G. Non-Toxic Dimeric Peptides Derived from the Bothropstoxin-I Are Potent SARS-CoV-2 and Papain-like Protease Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164896. [PMID: 34443484 PMCID: PMC8401042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has rapidly spread on a global scale, affecting the economy and public health systems throughout the world. In recent years, peptide-based therapeutics have been widely studied and developed to treat infectious diseases, including viral infections. Herein, the antiviral effects of the lysine linked dimer des-Cys11, Lys12,Lys13-(pBthTX-I)2K ((pBthTX-I)2K)) and derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 are reported. The lead peptide (pBthTX-I)2K and derivatives showed attractive inhibitory activities against SARS-CoV-2 (EC50 = 28–65 µM) and mostly low cytotoxic effect (CC50 > 100 µM). To shed light on the mechanism of action underlying the peptides’ antiviral activity, the Main Protease (Mpro) and Papain-Like protease (PLpro) inhibitory activities of the peptides were assessed. The synthetic peptides showed PLpro inhibition potencies (IC50s = 1.0–3.5 µM) and binding affinities (Kd = 0.9–7 µM) at the low micromolar range but poor inhibitory activity against Mpro (IC50 > 10 µM). The modeled binding mode of a representative peptide of the series indicated that the compound blocked the entry of the PLpro substrate toward the protease catalytic cleft. Our findings indicated that non-toxic dimeric peptides derived from the Bothropstoxin-I have attractive cellular and enzymatic inhibitory activities, thereby suggesting that they are promising prototypes for the discovery and development of new drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C. L. C. Freire
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Gabriela D. Noske
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Natália V. Bitencourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil; (N.V.B.); (P.R.S.S.); (N.A.S.-F.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Paulo R. S. Sanches
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil; (N.V.B.); (P.R.S.S.); (N.A.S.-F.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Norival A. Santos-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil; (N.V.B.); (P.R.S.S.); (N.A.S.-F.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Victor O. Gawriljuk
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Eduardo P. de Souza
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | - Victor H. R. Nogueira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Mariana O. de Godoy
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Aline M. Nakamura
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Rafaela S. Fernandes
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Andre S. Godoy
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Maria A. Juliano
- The Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Bianca M. Peres
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (B.M.P.); (C.G.B.); (L.H.G.F.-J.)
| | - Cecília G. Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (B.M.P.); (C.G.B.); (L.H.G.F.-J.)
| | - Carolina B. Moraes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Lucio H. G. Freitas-Junior
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (B.M.P.); (C.G.B.); (L.H.G.F.-J.)
| | - Eduardo M. Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil; (N.V.B.); (P.R.S.S.); (N.A.S.-F.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Rafael V. C. Guido
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.V.C.G.); (G.O.); Tel.: +55-16-3373-8673 (R.V.C.G.); +55-16-3373-6664 (G.O.)
| | - Glaucius Oliva
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.V.C.G.); (G.O.); Tel.: +55-16-3373-8673 (R.V.C.G.); +55-16-3373-6664 (G.O.)
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20
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Hawkins P, Sya J, Hup NK, Murphy MP, McElvaney NG, Reeves EP. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Augmentation Inhibits Proteolysis of Neutrophil Membrane Voltage-Gated Proton Channel-1 in Alpha-1 Deficient Individuals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57080814. [PMID: 34441020 PMCID: PMC8398194 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Alpha-1 antitrypsin is a serine protease inhibitor that demonstrates an array of immunomodulatory functions. Individuals with the genetic condition of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) are at increased risk of early onset emphysematous lung disease. This lung disease is partly driven by neutrophil mediated lung destruction in an environment of low AAT. As peripheral neutrophil hyper-responsiveness in AATD leads to excessive degranulation and increased migration to the airways, we examined the expression of the membrane voltage-gated proton channel-1 (HVCN1), which is integrally linked to neutrophil function. The objectives of this study were to evaluate altered HVCN1 in AATD neutrophils, serine protease-dependent degradation of HVCN1, and to investigate the ability of serum AAT to control HVCN1 expression. Materials and Methods: Circulating neutrophils were purified from AATD patients (n = 20), AATD patients receiving AAT augmentation therapy (n = 3) and healthy controls (n = 20). HVCN1 neutrophil expression was assessed by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Neutrophil membrane bound elastase was measured by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Results: In this study we demonstrated that HVCN1 protein is under-expressed in AATD neutrophils (p = 0.02), suggesting a link between reduced HVCN1 expression and AAT deficiency. We have demonstrated that HVCN1 undergoes significant proteolytic degradation in activated neutrophils (p < 0.0001), primarily due to neutrophil elastase activity (p = 0.0004). In addition, the treatment of AATD individuals with AAT augmentation therapy increased neutrophil plasma membrane HVCN1 expression (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate reduced levels of HVCN1 in peripheral blood neutrophils that may influence the neutrophil-dominated immune response in the AATD airways and highlights the role of antiprotease treatment and specifically AAT augmentation therapy in protecting neutrophil membrane expression of HVCN1.
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21
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Interfering with cholesterol metabolism impairs tick embryo development and turns eggs susceptible to bacterial colonization. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101790. [PMID: 34325088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a known precursor of arthropod molecules such as the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and the antimicrobial boophiline, a component of tick egg wax coat. Because the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway is absent in ticks, it is necessarily obtained from the blood meal, in a still poorly understood process. In contrast, dietary cholesterol absorption is better studied in insects, and many proteins are involved in its metabolism, including Niemann-Pick C (NPC) transporter and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), as well as enzymes to convert between free cholesterol and esterified cholesterol. The present work addresses the hypothesis that tick viability can be impaired by interfering with cholesterol metabolism, proposing this route as a target for novel tick control methods. Two drugs, ezetimibe (NPC inhibitor) and avasimibe (ACAT inhibitor) were added to calf blood and used to artificially feed Rhipicephalus microplus females. Results show that, after ingesting avasimibe, tick reproductive ability and egg development are impaired. Also, eggs laid by females fed with avasimibe did not hatch and were susceptible to Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion and biofilm formation in their surfaces. The immunoprotective potential of ACAT against ticks was also accessed using two selected ACAT peptides. Antibodies against these peptides were used to artificially feed female ticks, but no deleterious effects were observed. Taken together, data presented here support the hypothesis that enzymes and other proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism are suitable as targets for tick control methods.
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22
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Saidi A, Wartenberg M, Madinier JB, Ilango G, Seren S, Korkmaz B, Lecaille F, Aucagne V, Lalmanach G. Monitoring Human Neutrophil Activation by a Proteinase 3 Near-Infrared Fluorescence Substrate-Based Probe. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1782-1790. [PMID: 34269060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) substrate-based probe (SBP) was conceived to monitor secreted human proteinase 3 (hPR3) activity. This probe, called pro3-SBP, is shaped by a fused peptide hairpin loop structure, which associates a hPR3 recognition domain (Val-Ala-Asp-Nva-Ala-Asp-Tyr-Gln, where Nva is norvaline) and an electrostatic zipper (consisting of complementary polyanionic (d-Glu)5 and polycationic (d-Arg)5 sequences) in close vicinity of the N- and C-terminal FRET couple (fluorescent donor, sulfoCy5.5; dark quencher, QSY21). Besides its subsequent stability, no intermolecular fluorescence quenching was detected following its complete hydrolysis by hPR3, advocating that pro3-SBP could further afford unbiased imaging. Pro3-SBP was specifically hydrolyzed by hPR3 (kcat/Km= 440 000 ± 5500 M-1·s-1) and displayed a sensitive detection threshold for hPR3 (subnanomolar concentration range), while neutrophil elastase showed a weaker potency. Conversely, pro3-SBP was not cleaved by cathepsin G. Pro3-SBP was successfully hydrolyzed by conditioned media of activated human neutrophils but not by quiescent neutrophils. Moreover, unlike unstimulated neutrophils, a strong NIRF signal was specifically detected by confocal microscopy following neutrophil ionomycin-induced degranulation. Fluorescence release was abolished in the presence of a selective hPR3 inhibitor, indicating that pro3-SBP is selectively cleaved by extracellular hPR3. Taken together, the present data support that pro3-SBP could be a convenient tool, allowing straightforward monitoring of human neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlame Saidi
- Université de Tours, Tours 37032, France.,UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", INSERM, Tours 37032, France
| | - Mylène Wartenberg
- Université de Tours, Tours 37032, France.,UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", INSERM, Tours 37032, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Madinier
- Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), Team: "Molecular, Structural and Chemical Biology″, CNRS UPR 4301, Orléans 45071, France
| | - Guy Ilango
- IBiSA Electron Microscopy Platform, Université de Tours, Tours 37032, France
| | - Seda Seren
- Université de Tours, Tours 37032, France.,UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", INSERM, Tours 37032, France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- Université de Tours, Tours 37032, France.,UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", INSERM, Tours 37032, France
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- Université de Tours, Tours 37032, France.,UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", INSERM, Tours 37032, France
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), Team: "Molecular, Structural and Chemical Biology″, CNRS UPR 4301, Orléans 45071, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Université de Tours, Tours 37032, France.,UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", INSERM, Tours 37032, France
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23
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Oriano M, Amati F, Gramegna A, De Soyza A, Mantero M, Sibila O, Chotirmall SH, Voza A, Marchisio P, Blasi F, Aliberti S. Protease-Antiprotease Imbalance in Bronchiectasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5996. [PMID: 34206113 PMCID: PMC8199509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation plays a central role in bronchiectasis. Protease-antiprotease balance is crucial in bronchiectasis pathophysiology and increased presence of unopposed proteases activity may contribute to bronchiectasis onset and progression. Proteases' over-reactivity and antiprotease deficiency may have a role in increasing inflammation in bronchiectasis airways and may lead to extracellular matrix degradation and tissue damage. Imbalances in serine proteases and matrix-metallo proteinases (MMPs) have been associated to bronchiectasis. Active neutrophil elastase has been associated with disease severity and poor long-term outcomes in this disease. Moreover, high levels of MMPs have been associated with radiological and disease severity. Finally, severe deficiency of α1-antitrypsin (AAT), as PiSZ and PiZZ (proteinase inhibitor SZ and ZZ) phenotype, have been associated with bronchiectasis development. Several treatments are under study to reduce protease activity in lungs. Molecules to inhibit neutrophil elastase activity have been developed in both oral or inhaled form, along with compounds inhibiting dipeptydil-peptidase 1, enzyme responsible for the activation of serine proteases. Finally, supplementation with AAT is in use for patients with severe deficiency. The identification of different targets of therapy within the protease-antiprotease balance contributes to a precision medicine approach in bronchiectasis and eventually interrupts and disrupts the vicious vortex which characterizes the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Oriano
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Amati
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Andrea Gramegna
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Anthony De Soyza
- Population and Health Science Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing & Freeman Hospital, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Marco Mantero
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Sanjay H. Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Antonio Voza
- Emergency Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Teaching Hospital, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Paediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.O.); (F.A.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (P.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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24
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Seren S, Derian L, Keleş I, Guillon A, Lesner A, Gonzalez L, Baranek T, Si-Tahar M, Marchand-Adam S, Jenne DE, Paget C, Jouan Y, Korkmaz B. Proteinase release from activated neutrophils in mechanically ventilated patients with non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.03755-2020. [PMID: 33419887 PMCID: PMC8082325 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03755-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe cases of pneumonia are frequently associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which carries a mortality rate of about 40% [1]. Uncontrolled host inflammatory response in the lung is a key factor in the transition from pneumonia to ARDS, with alveolocapillary membrane disruption leading to interstitial and alveolar oedema [2]. Neutrophils are part of the innate immune system and are the first responders to local tissue damage and infection. Recruited neutrophils are considered important actors in lung tissue injury [3]. Indeed, their broad arsenal of antimicrobial weaponry can cause direct and indirect collateral damage. Neutrophil serine proteinases (NSPs), including elastase (NE), proteinase 3 (PR3) and cathepsin G (CatG), are released from activated cells and play a part in ARDS pathophysiology, as illustrated in both preclinical and clinical studies [4]. Thus, NSPs emerge as an untapped point for therapeutic interventions in pneumonia-induced ARDS [4]. These NSPs are readily synthesised in neutrophil precursors within the bone marrow and are converted into their active form by cathepsin C (CatC) [5]. They are stored together in cytoplasmic granules and secreted into the extracellular compartment upon stimulation [6]. COVID-19 ARDS is associated with release of biologically active neutrophil elastase-related proteinases to the airways and blood at a comparable level to non-COVID ARDShttps://bit.ly/3nihveh
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Seren
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases", University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lohann Derian
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases", University of Tours, Tours, France.,Equal contribution
| | - Irem Keleş
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases", University of Tours, Tours, France.,Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Equal contribution
| | - Antoine Guillon
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases", University of Tours, Tours, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Loïc Gonzalez
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases", University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Thomas Baranek
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases", University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases", University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases", University of Tours, Tours, France.,Dept of Pneumology and Respiratory Functional Exploration, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) 81377 Munich and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christophe Paget
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases", University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Youenn Jouan
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases", University of Tours, Tours, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases", University of Tours, Tours, France
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25
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Xiao Y, Cong M, Li J, He D, Wu Q, Tian P, Wang Y, Yang S, Liang C, Liang Y, Wen J, Liu Y, Luo W, Lv X, He Y, Cheng DD, Zhou T, Zhao W, Zhang P, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Qian Y, Wang H, Gao Q, Yang QC, Yang Q, Hu G. Cathepsin C promotes breast cancer lung metastasis by modulating neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:423-437.e7. [PMID: 33450198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung metastasis is the major cause of breast cancer-related mortality. The neutrophil-associated inflammatory microenvironment aids tumor cells in metastatic colonization in lungs. Here, we show that tumor-secreted protease cathepsin C (CTSC) promotes breast-to-lung metastasis by regulating recruitment of neutrophils and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). CTSC enzymatically activates neutrophil membrane-bound proteinase 3 (PR3) to facilitate interleukin-1β (IL-1β) processing and nuclear factor κB activation, thus upregulating IL-6 and CCL3 for neutrophil recruitment. In addition, the CTSC-PR3-IL-1β axis induces neutrophil reactive oxygen species production and formation of NETs, which degrade thrombospondin-1 and support metastatic growth of cancer cells in the lungs. CTSC expression and secretion are associated with NET formation and lung metastasis in human breast tumors. Importantly, targeting CTSC with compound AZD7986 effectively suppresses lung metastasis of breast cancer in a mouse model. Overall, our findings reveal a mechanism of how tumor cells regulate neutrophils in metastatic niches and support CTSC-targeting approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Min Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiatao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dasa He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiuyao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Pu Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shuaixi Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenxi Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yajun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jili Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenqian Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xianzhe Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yunfei He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dong-Dong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Youcun Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing-Cheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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26
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Burster T, Gärtner F, Knippschild U, Zhanapiya A. Activity-Based Probes to Utilize the Proteolytic Activity of Cathepsin G in Biological Samples. Front Chem 2021; 9:628295. [PMID: 33732686 PMCID: PMC7959752 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.628295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, migrating to the site of infection, are able to release serine proteases after being activated. These serine proteases comprise cathepsin G (CatG), neutrophil elastase protease 3 (PR3), and neutrophil serine protease 4 (NSP4). A disadvantage of the uncontrolled proteolytic activity of proteases is the outcome of various human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, thrombosis, and autoimmune diseases. Activity-based probes (ABPs) are used to determine the proteolytic activity of proteases, containing a set of three essential elements: Warhead, recognition sequence, and the reporter tag for detection of the covalent enzyme activity–based probe complex. Here, we summarize the latest findings of ABP-mediated detection of proteases in both locations intracellularly and on the cell surface of cells, thereby focusing on CatG. Particularly, application of ABPs in regular flow cytometry, imaging flow cytometry, and mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) approaches is advantageous when distinguishing between immune cell subsets. ABPs can be included in a vast panel of markers to detect proteolytic activity and determine whether proteases are properly regulated during medication. The use of ABPs as a detection tool opens the possibility to interfere with uncontrolled proteolytic activity of proteases by employing protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Fabian Gärtner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anuar Zhanapiya
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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27
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Wang X, Avsec D, Obreza A, Yousefi S, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Simon HU. A Putative Serine Protease is Required to Initiate the RIPK3-MLKL-Mediated Necroptotic Death Pathway in Neutrophils. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:614928. [PMID: 33551816 PMCID: PMC7860068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.614928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion receptors, such as CD44, have been shown to activate receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3)—mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL) signaling, leading to a non-apoptotic cell death in human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) – primed neutrophils. The signaling events of this necroptotic pathway, however, remain to be investigated. In the present study, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of novel serine protease inhibitors. Two of these inhibitors, compounds 1 and 3, were able to block CD44-triggered necroptosis in GM-CSF-primed neutrophils. Both inhibitors prevented the activation of MLKL, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3’—kinase (PI3K), hence blocking the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) required for cell death. Although compounds one and three partially inhibited isolated human neutrophil elastase (HNE) activity, we obtained no pharmacological evidence that HNE is involved in the initiation of this death pathway within a cellular context. Interestingly, neither serine protease inhibitor had any effect on FAS receptor-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that a serine protease is involved in non-apoptotic CD44-triggered RIPK3-MLKL-dependent neutrophil cell death, but not FAS receptor-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis. Thus, a pharmacological block on serine proteases might be beneficial for preventing exacerbation of disease in neutrophilic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Damjan Avsec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Obreza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Rios MR, Garoffolo G, Rinaldi G, Megia-Fernandez A, Ferrari S, Robb CT, Rossi AG, Pesce M, Bradley M. A fluorogenic peptide-based smartprobe for the detection of neutrophil extracellular traps and inflammation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:97-100. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly specific, fluorogenic probe detects human neutrophil elastase (hNE) in activated neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Rios
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- EH9 3FJ Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Gloria Garoffolo
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino
- IRCCS
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Giulia Rinaldi
- Centre for Inflammation Research
- Queen's Medical Research Institute
- University of Edinburgh
- UK
| | | | - Silvia Ferrari
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino
- IRCCS
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Calum T. Robb
- Centre for Inflammation Research
- Queen's Medical Research Institute
- University of Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Adriano G. Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research
- Queen's Medical Research Institute
- University of Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino
- IRCCS
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- EH9 3FJ Edinburgh
- UK
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29
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Navarrete M, Korkmaz B, Guarino C, Lesner A, Lao Y, Ho J, Nickerson P, Wilkins JA. Activity-based protein profiling guided identification of urine proteinase 3 activity in subclinical rejection after renal transplantation. Clin Proteomics 2020; 17:23. [PMID: 32549867 PMCID: PMC7296916 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-020-09284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of subclinical versus clinical rejection remains incompletely understood given their equivalent histological severity but discordant graft function. The goal was to evaluate serine hydrolase enzyme activities to explore if there were any underlying differences in activities during subclinical versus clinical rejection. Methods Serine hydrolase activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) was performed on the urines of a case control cohort of patients with biopsy confirmed subclinical or clinical transplant rejection. In-gel analysis and affinity purification with mass spectrometry were used to demonstrate and identify active serine hydrolase activity. An assay for proteinase 3 (PR3/PRTN3) was adapted for the quantitation of activity in urine. Results In-gel ABPP profiles suggested increased intensity and diversity of serine hydrolase activities in urine from patients undergoing subclinical versus clinical rejection. Serine hydrolases (n = 30) were identified by mass spectrometry in subclinical and clinical rejection patients with 4 non-overlapping candidates between the two groups (i.e. ABHD14B, LTF, PR3/PRTN3 and PRSS12). Western blot and the use of a specific inhibitor confirmed the presence of active PR3/PRTN3 in samples from patients undergoing subclinical rejection. Analysis of samples from normal donors or from several serial post-transplant urines indicated that although PR3/PRTN3 activity may be highly associated with low-grade subclinical inflammation, the enzyme activity was not restricted to this patient group. Conclusions There appear to be limited qualitative and quantitative differences in serine hydrolase activity in patients with subclinical versus clinical renal transplant rejection. The majority of enzymes identified were present in samples from both groups implying that in-gel quantitative differences may largely relate to the activity status of shared enzymes. However qualitative compositional differences were also observed indicating differential activities. The PR3/PRTN3 analyses indicate that the activity status of urine in transplant patients is dynamic possibly reflecting changes in the underlying processes in the transplant. These data suggest that differential serine hydrolase pathways may be active in subclinical versus clinical rejection which requires further exploration in larger patient cohorts. Although this study focused on PR3/PRTN3, this does not preclude the possibility that other enzymes may play critical roles in the rejection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Navarrete
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, 799 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E3P4 Canada
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM, UMR 1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires", Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Carla Guarino
- INSERM, UMR 1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires", Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ying Lao
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, 799 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E3P4 Canada
| | - Julie Ho
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, 799 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E3P4 Canada.,Section Biomedical Proteomics, Dept. Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.,Section of Nephrology, Dept. Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.,Dept. Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Peter Nickerson
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, 799 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E3P4 Canada.,Section Biomedical Proteomics, Dept. Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.,Section of Nephrology, Dept. Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.,Dept. Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - John A Wilkins
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, 799 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E3P4 Canada.,Section Biomedical Proteomics, Dept. Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
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30
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Abstract
Enzyme activity may be more pathophysiologically relevant than enzyme quantity and is regulated by changes in conformational status that are undetectable by traditional proteomic approaches. Further, enzyme activity may provide insights into rapid physiological responses to inflammation/injury that are not dependent on de novo protein transcription. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a chemical proteomic approach designed to characterize and identify active enzymes within complex biological samples. Activity probes have been developed to interrogate multiple enzyme families with broad applicability, including but not limited to serine hydrolases, cysteine proteases, matrix metalloproteases, nitrilases, caspases, and histone deacetylases. The goal of this overview is to describe the overall rationale, approach, methods, challenges, and potential applications of ABPP to transplantation research. To do so, we present a case example of urine serine hydrolase ABPP in kidney transplant rejection to illustrate the utility and workflow of this analytical approach. Ultimately, developing novel transplant therapeutics is critically dependent on understanding the pathophysiological processes that result in loss of transplant function. ABPP offers a new dimension for characterizing dynamic changes in clinical samples. The capacity to identify and measure relevant enzyme activities provides fresh opportunities for understanding these processes and may help identify markers of disease activity for the development of novel diagnostics and real-time monitoring of patients. Finally, these insights into enzyme activity may also help to identify new transplant therapeutics, such as enzyme-specific inhibitors.
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31
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Hagner M, Frey DL, Guerra M, Dittrich AS, Halls VS, Wege S, Herth FJF, Schultz C, Mall MA. New method for rapid and dynamic quantification of elastase activity on sputum neutrophils from patients with cystic fibrosis using flow cytometry. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.02355-2019. [PMID: 32139467 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02355-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hagner
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Equal contribution
| | - Dario L Frey
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Equal contribution
| | - Matteo Guerra
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany.,Equal contribution
| | - A Susanne Dittrich
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Dept of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victoria S Halls
- Dept of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sabine Wege
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Dept of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Dept of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Dept of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Equal contribution as senior author
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany .,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Equal contribution as senior author
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Murphy MP, McEnery T, McQuillan K, McElvaney OF, McElvaney OJ, Landers S, Coleman O, Bussayajirapong A, Hawkins P, Henry M, Meleady P, Reeves EP, McElvaney NG. α 1 Antitrypsin therapy modulates the neutrophil membrane proteome and secretome. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01678-2019. [PMID: 32060059 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01678-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with α1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD) occurs earlier in life compared with patients without AATD. To understand this further, the aim of this study was to investigate whether AATD presents with altered neutrophil characteristics, due to the specific lack of plasma AAT, compared with non-AATD COPD.This study focussed on the neutrophil plasma membrane and, by use of label-free tandem mass spectrometry, the proteome of the neutrophil membrane was compared in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)-matched AATD, non-AATD COPD and in AATD patients receiving weekly AAT augmentation therapy (n=6 patients per cohort). Altered protein expression in AATD was confirmed by Western blot, ELISA and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis.The neutrophil membrane proteome in AATD differed significantly from that of COPD as demonstrated by increased abundance and activity of primary granule proteins including neutrophil elastase on the cell surface in AATD. The signalling mechanism underlying increased degranulation involved Rac2 activation, subsequently resulting in proteinase-activated receptor 2 activation by serine proteinases and enhanced reactive oxygen species production. In vitro and ex vivo, AAT reduced primary granule release and the described plasma membrane variance was resolved post-AAT augmentation therapy in vivo, the effects of which significantly altered the AATD neutrophil membrane proteome to that of a non-AATD COPD cell.These results provide strong insight into the mechanism of neutrophil driven airways disease associated with AATD. Therapeutic AAT augmentation modified the membrane proteome to that of a typical COPD cell, with implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Murphy
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Dept of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas McEnery
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Dept of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen McQuillan
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Dept of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oisín F McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Dept of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliver J McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Dept of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Landers
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Dept of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Coleman
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anchalin Bussayajirapong
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Dept of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraig Hawkins
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Dept of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer P Reeves
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Dept of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland .,Noel G. McElvaney and Emer P. Reeves share joint senior authorship
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Dept of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Noel G. McElvaney and Emer P. Reeves share joint senior authorship
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Ndawula C, Amaral Xavier M, Villavicencio B, Cortez Lopes F, Juliano MA, Parizi LF, Verli H, da Silva Vaz I, Ligabue-Braun R. Prediction, mapping and validation of tick glutathione S-transferase B-cell epitopes. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101445. [PMID: 32354639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In search of ways to address the increasing incidence of global acaricide resistance, tick control through vaccination is regarded as a sustainable alternative approach. Recently, a novel cocktail antigen tick-vaccine was developed based on the recombinant glutathione S-transferase (rGST) anti-sera cross-reaction to glutathione S-transferases of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (GST-Ra), Amblyomma variegatum (GST-Av), Haemaphysalis longicornis (GST-Hl), Rhipicephalus decoloratus (GST-Rd) and Rhipicephalus microplus (GST-Rm). Therefore, the current study aimed to predict the shared B-cell epitopes within the GST sequences of these tick species. Prediction of B-cell epitopes and proteasomal cleavage sites were performed using immunoinformatics algorithms. The conserved epitopes predicted within the sequences were mapped on the homodimers of the respective tick GSTs, and the corresponding peptides were independently used for rabbit immunization experiments. Based on the dot blot assay, the immunogenicity of the peptides and their potential to be recognized by corresponding rGST anti-sera raised by rabbit immunization in a previous work were investigated. This study revealed that the predicted conserved B-cell epitopes within the five tick GST sequences were localized on the surface of the respective GST homodimers. The epitopes of GST-Ra, GST-Rd, GST-Av, and GST-Hl were also shown to contain a seven residue-long peptide sequence with no proteasomal cleavage sites, whereas proteasomal digestion of GST-Rm was predicted to yield a 4-residue fragment. Given that a few proteasomal cleavage sites were found within the conserved epitope sequences of the four GSTs, the sequences could also contain a T-cell epitope. Finally, the peptide and rGST anti-sera reacted against the corresponding peptide, confirming their immunogenicity. These data support the claim that the rGSTs, used in the previous study, contain conserved B-cell epitopes, which elucidates why the rGST anti-sera cross-reacted to non-homologous tick GSTs. Taken together, the data suggest that the B-cell epitopes predicted in this study could be useful for constituting epitope-based GST tick vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ndawula
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Amaral Xavier
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Villavicencio
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cortez Lopes
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Parizi
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hugo Verli
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal das Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Cathepsin g Degrades Both Glycosylated and Unglycosylated Regions of Lubricin, a Synovial Mucin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4215. [PMID: 32144329 PMCID: PMC7060204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lubricin (PRG4) is a mucin type protein that plays an important role in maintaining normal joint function by providing lubrication and chondroprotection. Improper lubricin modification and degradation has been observed in idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA), while the detailed mechanism still remains unknown. We hypothesized that the protease cathepsin G (CG) may participate in degrading lubricin in synovial fluid (SF). The presence of endogenous CG in SF was confirmed in 16 patients with knee OA. Recombinant human lubricin (rhPRG4) and native lubricin purified from the SF of patients were incubated with exogenous CG and lubricin degradation was monitored using western blot, staining by Coomassie or Periodic Acid-Schiff base in gels, and with proteomics. Full length lubricin (∼300 kDa), was efficiently digested with CG generating a 25-kDa protein fragment, originating from the densely glycosylated mucin domain (∼250 kDa). The 25-kDa fragment was present in the SF from OA patients, and the amount was increased after incubation with CG. A CG digest of rhPRG4 revealed 135 peptides and 72 glycopeptides, and confirmed that the protease could cleave in all domains of lubricin, including the mucin domain. Our results suggest that synovial CG may take part in the degradation of lubricin, which could affect the pathological decrease of the lubrication in degenerative joint disease.
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Skrzeczynska-Moncznik J, Zabieglo K, Osiecka O, Morytko A, Brzoza P, Drozdz L, Kapinska-Mrowiecka M, Korkmaz B, Pastuszczak M, Kosalka-Wegiel J, Musial J, Cichy J. Differences in Staining for Neutrophil Elastase and its Controlling Inhibitor SLPI Reveal Heterogeneity among Neutrophils in Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1371-1378.e3. [PMID: 31945345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are broadly classified into conventional neutrophils (PMNs) and low-density granulocytes (LDGs). LDGs are better than PMNs at generating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which may contribute to the pathology of autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that LDGs and PMNs differ in their levels of unrestrained NE that supports NET generation. Here, we show that individuals with psoriasis contain elevated levels of LDGs and that in contrast to PMNs, the LDGs display higher staining for NE and lower staining for its inhibitor SLPI. The heterogeneity between blood-derived LDGs and PMNs was somewhat reminiscent of the differences in the NE and SLPI staining patterns observed in psoriasis skin-infiltrating neutrophils. Distinctive staining for NE and SLPI in LDGs and PMNs did not result from differences in their protein levels nor manifested in higher total proteolytic activity of NE in LDGs; rather, it likely depended on different cytosolic sequestration of these proteins. The disparate profile of NE and SLPI in LDGs and PMNs coincided with altered migratory responses of these cells to cutaneous chemoattractants. Collectively, differential NE and SLPI staining identifies common attributes of both circulating and skin-infiltrating neutrophils, which may guide neutrophil migration to distinct skin regions and determine the localization of LDGs-mediated cutaneous pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skrzeczynska-Moncznik
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zabieglo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Oktawia Osiecka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Morytko
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Brzoza
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lukasz Drozdz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM (National Institute for Medical Research) U-1100, "The Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and The University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Maciej Pastuszczak
- Department of Dermatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Musial
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Bezerra TKA, de Lacerda JTJG, Salu BR, Oliva MLV, Juliano MA, Pacheco MTB, Madruga MS. Identification of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme-Inhibitory and Anticoagulant Peptides from Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Chicken Combs and Wattles. J Med Food 2019; 22:1294-1300. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taliana Kênia Alencar Bezerra
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Ramos Salu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marta Suely Madruga
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
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Oriano M, Terranova L, Sotgiu G, Saderi L, Bellofiore A, Retucci M, Marotta C, Gramegna A, Miglietta D, Carnini C, Marchisio P, Chalmers JD, Aliberti S, Blasi F. Evaluation of active neutrophil elastase in sputum of bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis patients: A comparison among different techniques. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 59:101856. [PMID: 31626976 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a crucial marker of neutrophilic inflammation. We aimed to compare different techniques to detect active NE in sputum samples of 50 Bronchiectasis (BE) and 50 Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. Three methods including a ProteaseTag® Active NE Immunoassay (ELISA) and two enzymatic digestion assays (chromogenic -CS- and fluorogenic -FS- substrate) were compared. Results of active NE were also correlated with clinical data. The three methods provided statistically different values for NE activity in the same sputum samples in both cohorts. In the BE cohort, the highest correlations between NE activity and Bronchiectasis Severity Index (rho = 0.40, P < 0.0001), sputum purulence (AUC = 0.79), and chronic infections due to any pathogen (AUC = 0.76) and P. aeruginosa (AUC = 0.80) were found when NE was measured through the activity-based immunoassay. In the CF cohort, the highest correlations between NE activity and sputum quantity (rho = 0.71) and FEV1% (rho = 0.42, P = 0.03) were observed when the FS method was used, while similar correlations with chronic P. aeruginosa infection were identified with the FS and ELISA methods. NE activity in sputum correlates with clinical variables in both diseases. However, different methods to evaluate active NE in sputum lead to significantly different results, also in terms of correlation with clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Oriano
- University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Terranova
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Saderi
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angela Bellofiore
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Retucci
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marotta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gramegna
- University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Marchisio
- University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Paediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - James D Chalmers
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Blasi
- University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Milan, Italy
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Characterisation of the Major Extracellular Proteases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Their Effects on Pulmonary Antiproteases. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030092. [PMID: 31261656 PMCID: PMC6789491 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging global opportunistic pathogen that has been appearing with increasing prevalence in cystic fibrosis (CF). A secreted protease from S. maltophilia has been reported as its chief potential virulence factor. Here, using the reference clinical strain S. maltophilia K279a, the major secreted proteases were identified. Protein biochemistry and mass spectrometry were carried out on K279a culture supernatant. The effect of K279a culture supernatant on cleavage and anti-neutrophil elastase activity of the three majors pulmonary antiproteases was quantified. A deletion mutant of S. maltophilia lacking expression of a protease was constructed. The serine proteases StmPR1, StmPR2 and StmPR3, in addition to chitinase A and an outer membrane esterase were identified in culture supernatants. Protease activity was incompletely abrogated in a K279a-ΔStmPR1: Erm mutant. Wild type K279a culture supernatant degraded alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), secretory leucoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) and elafin, important components of the lung’s innate immune defences. Meanwhile SLPI and elafin, but not AAT, retained their ability to inhibit neutrophil elastase. StmPR3 together with StmPR1 and StmPR2, is likely to contribute to protease-mediated innate immune dysfunction in CF.
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40
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Neutrophil Elastase Activity Imaging: Recent Approaches in the Design and Applications of Activity-Based Probes and Substrate-Based Probes. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:7417192. [PMID: 31281234 PMCID: PMC6594253 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7417192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades of protease research has confirmed that a number of important biological processes are strictly dependent on proteolysis. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a critical protease in immune response and host defense mechanisms in both physiological and disease-associated conditions. Particularly, NE has been identified as a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of lung inflammation. Recent studies have shown an increasing interest in developing methods for NE activity imaging both in vitro and in vivo. Unlike anatomical imaging modalities, functional molecular imaging, including enzymatic activities, enables disease detection at a very early stage and thus constitutes a much more accurate approach. When combined with advanced imaging technologies, opportunities arise for measuring imbalanced proteolytic activities with unprecedented details. Such technologies consist in building the highest resolved and sensitive instruments as well as the most specific probes based either on peptide substrates or on covalent inhibitors. This review outlines strengths and weaknesses of these technologies and discuss their applications to investigate NE activity as biomarker of pulmonary inflammatory diseases by imaging.
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Maia ACRG, Porcino GN, Faria-Pinto P, Mendes TV, Antinarelli LMR, Coimbra ES, Reis AB, Juliano L, Juliano MA, Marques MJ, Vasconcelos EG. Leishmania infantum nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTPDase 1) B-domain: Antibody antiproliferative effect on the promastigotes and IgG subclass responses in canine visceral leishmaniasis. Vet Parasitol 2019; 271:38-44. [PMID: 31303201 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase 1) was identified on the surface, flagellum and kinetoplast from L. infantum promastigotes by immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy, using immune sera that recognized specifically the B domain of NTPDase 1 and produced against synthetic peptides (LbB1LJ and LbB2LJ) derived from this domain. The polyclonal antibodies had effective antileishmanial effect, reducing significantly in vitro promastigotes growth (21-25%), an antiproliferative effect also demonstrated by immune sera produced against recombinant r-pot B domain, and two other synthetic peptides (potB1LJ and potB2LJ). In addition, using these biomolecules in ELISA technique, IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses reactivities of either healthy dogs or infected by L. infantum and classified clinically as asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic and symptomatic were tested. Analysis of distinct IgG1 and IgG2 seropositivities patterns suggested antibody subclasses binding epitopes along B domain for protection against infection, indicating this domain as a new tool for prophylactic and immunotherapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ribeiro Gomes Maia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Estrutura e Função de Proteínas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Gabriane Nascimento Porcino
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Estrutura e Função de Proteínas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscila Faria-Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Estrutura e Função de Proteínas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Túlio Vieira Mendes
- Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Marinha do Brasil, Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria Ribeiro Antinarelli
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Elaine Soares Coimbra
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Marques
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Eveline Gomes Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Estrutura e Função de Proteínas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Orlandi-Mattos PE, Aguiar RB, da Silva Vaz I, Moraes JZ, de Araujo Carlini EL, Juliano MA, Juliano L. Enkephalin related peptides are released from jejunum wall by orally ingested bromelain. Peptides 2019; 115:32-42. [PMID: 30836111 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stem bromelain [EC 3.4.22.32] is a thiol-endopeptidase and orally recommended in traditional medicine due to its analgesic activity, but the mechanisms are not known. Proenkephalin is expressed in the nervous system, but also in the gastrointestinal tract, where it can be assessed by ingested stem bromelain. Here we demonstrated that stem bromelain hydrolyses synthetic proenkephalin fragments after basic amino acid residues flanking the enkephalin sequences. We also observed with in vivo studies that oral administration of bromelain reduced jejunum proenkephalin levels and increased the serum enkephalin in mice. Effective anti-nociceptive effects in mice were observed 3 h after oral administration of 3 mg/kg stem bromelain by the acetic acid-induced writhing test. However, with higher doses this effect is reduced due to hydrolysis of enkephalin that possibly occurs by the presence of ananain in commercial pineapple stem bromelain preparations, that is also a thiol-protease with broad specificity. The analgesic effects were also evaluated by hot-plate and formalin tests and the obtained results indicated that enkephalin generated in intestine acts in periphery where it also can have anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Eduardo Orlandi-Mattos
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino. CEP, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barbosa Aguiar
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino. CEP, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Goncalves 9500 CP15005. CEP, 91501970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jane Zveiter Moraes
- CEBRID, Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Rua Botucatu, 820 - Vila Clementino. CEP, 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisaldo Luiz de Araujo Carlini
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino. CEP, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Goncalves 9500 CP15005. CEP, 91501970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; CEBRID, Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Rua Botucatu, 820 - Vila Clementino. CEP, 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino. CEP, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino. CEP, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Goncalves 9500 CP15005. CEP, 91501970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; CEBRID, Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Rua Botucatu, 820 - Vila Clementino. CEP, 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Guerra M, Frey D, Hagner M, Dittrich S, Paulsen M, Mall MA, Schultz C. Cathepsin G Activity as a New Marker for Detecting Airway Inflammation by Microscopy and Flow Cytometry. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:539-548. [PMID: 30937381 PMCID: PMC6439450 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Muco-obstructive lung diseases feature extensive bronchiectasis due to the uncontrolled release of neutrophil serine proteases into the airways. To assess if cathepsin G (CG) is a novel key player in chronic lung inflammation, we developed membrane-bound (mSAM) and soluble (sSAM) FRET reporters. The probes quantitatively revealed elevated CG activity in samples from 46 patients. For future basic science and personalized clinical applications, we developed a rapid, highly informative, and easily translatable small-molecule FRET flow cytometry assay for monitoring protease activity including cathepsin G. We demonstrated that mSAM distinguished healthy from patient cells by FRET-based flow cytometry with excellent correlation to confocal microscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Guerra
- Molecular
Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European
Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty
of Biosciences, Collaboration for Joint
Ph.D. Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational
Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dario Frey
- Department
of Translational Pulmonology, University
of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational
Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hagner
- Department
of Translational Pulmonology, University
of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational
Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Dittrich
- Department
of Translational Pulmonology, University
of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational
Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle Paulsen
- Department
of Translational Pulmonology, University
of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational
Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department
of Translational Pulmonology, University
of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational
Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department
of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute
of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Molecular
Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European
Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational
Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department
of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health
& Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, United States
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Super-silent FRET Sensor Enables Live Cell Imaging and Flow Cytometric Stratification of Intracellular Serine Protease Activity in Neutrophils. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13490. [PMID: 30201982 PMCID: PMC6131393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases are released by neutrophils to act primarily as antimicrobial proteins but excessive and unbalanced serine protease activity results in serious host tissue damage. Here the synthesis of a novel chemical sensor based on a multi-branched fluorescence quencher is reported. It is super-silent, exhibiting no fluorescence until de-quenched by the exemplar serine protease human neutrophil elastase, rapidly enters human neutrophils, and is inhibited by serine protease inhibitors. This sensor allows live imaging of intracellular serine protease activity within human neutrophils and demonstrates that the unique combination of a multivalent scaffold combined with a FRET peptide represents a novel and efficient strategy to generate super-silent sensors that permit the visualisation of intracellular proteases and may enable point of care whole blood profiling of neutrophils.
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Marem A, Okamoto DN, Oliveira LC, Ruiz DM, Paggi RA, Kondo MY, Gouvea IE, Juliano MA, de Castro RE, Juliano L, Icimoto MY. Functional roles of C-terminal extension (CTE) of salt-dependent peptidase activity of the Natrialba magadii extracellular protease (NEP). Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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McElvaney OJ, Gunaratnam C, Reeves EP, McElvaney NG. A specialized method of sputum collection and processing for therapeutic interventions in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 18:203-211. [PMID: 29960875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by aggressive neutrophil-dominated inflammation mediated in large part by neutrophil elastase (NE), an omnivorous protease released by activated or disintegrating neutrophils and a key therapeutic target. To date, several short-term studies have shown that anti-NE compounds can inhibit NE and have anti-inflammatory effects. However, progression to large-scale or multicenter clinical trials has been hampered by the fact that the current gold standard methodology of evaluating airway NE inhibition, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), is invasive, difficult to standardize across sites and excludes those with severe lung disease. Attempts to utilize sputum that is either spontaneously expectorated (SS) or induced (IS) have been hindered by poor reproducibility, often due to the various processing methods employed. In this study, we evaluate TEmperature-controlled Two-step Rapid Isolation of Sputum (TETRIS), a specialized method for the acquisition and processing of SS and IS. Using TETRIS, we show for the first time that NE activity and cytokine levels are comparable in BAL, SS and IS samples taken from the same people with CF (PWCF) on the same day once this protocol is used. We correlate biomarkers in TETRIS-processed IS and clinical outcome measures including FEV1, and show stability and reproducible inhibition of NE over time in IS processed by TETRIS. The data offer a tremendous opportunity to evaluate prognosis and therapeutic interventions in CF and to study the full spectrum of people with PWCF, many of whom have been excluded from previous studies due to being unfit for BAL or unable to expectorate sputum.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Gunaratnam
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E P Reeves
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N G McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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A Tropical Composting Operation Unit at São Paulo Zoo as a Source of Bacterial Proteolytic Enzymes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:282-297. [PMID: 29936594 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Composting operation systems are valuable sources of microorganisms and enzymes. This work reports the assessment of proteolytic enzymes from cultivable bacteria isolated from a composting facility of the São Paulo Zoo Park (SPZPF), São Paulo, Brazil. Three hundred bacterial isolates were obtained and identified based on 16S rRNA gene as belonging to 13 different genera. The most common genus among the isolates was Bacillus (67%); some of which show high proteolytic activity in their culture media. Biochemical assays of hydrolytic activities using FRET peptides as substrates allowed the characterization of a repertoire of serine proteases and metalloproteases with different molecular weights secreted by Bacillus strains isolated from composting. Furthermore, thermostable serine and metalloproteases were detected in the composting leachate, which might be of interest for industrial applications.
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Guarino C, Gruba N, Grzywa R, Dyguda-Kazimierowicz E, Hamon Y, Łȩgowska M, Skoreński M, Dallet-Choisy S, Marchand-Adam S, Kellenberger C, Jenne DE, Sieńczyk M, Lesner A, Gauthier F, Korkmaz B. Exploiting the S4-S5 Specificity of Human Neutrophil Proteinase 3 to Improve the Potency of Peptidyl Di(chlorophenyl)-phosphonate Ester Inhibitors: A Kinetic and Molecular Modeling Analysis. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1858-1870. [PMID: 29442501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neutrophilic serine protease proteinase 3 (PR3) is involved in inflammation and immune response and thus appears as a therapeutic target for a variety of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Here we combined kinetic and molecular docking studies to increase the potency of peptidyl-diphenyl phosphonate PR3 inhibitors. Occupancy of the S1 subsite of PR3 by a nVal residue and of the S4-S5 subsites by a biotinylated Val residue as obtained in biotin-VYDnVP(O-C6H4-4-Cl)2 enhanced the second-order inhibition constant kobs/[I] toward PR3 by more than 10 times ( kobs/[I] = 73000 ± 5000 M-1 s-1) as compared to the best phosphonate PR3 inhibitor previously reported. This inhibitor shows no significant inhibitory activity toward human neutrophil elastase and resists proteolytic degradation in sputa from cystic fibrosis patients. It also inhibits macaque PR3 but not the PR3 from rodents and can thus be used for in vivo assays in a primate model of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guarino
- INSERM UMR1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" , Université de Tours , 37032 Tours , France
| | - Natalia Gruba
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , Wita Stwosza 63 , 80-308 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Renata Grzywa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Edyta Dyguda-Kazimierowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Yveline Hamon
- INSERM UMR1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" , Université de Tours , 37032 Tours , France
| | - Monika Łȩgowska
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , Wita Stwosza 63 , 80-308 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Marcin Skoreński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Sandrine Dallet-Choisy
- INSERM UMR1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" , Université de Tours , 37032 Tours , France
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- INSERM UMR1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" , Université de Tours , 37032 Tours , France
| | - Christine Kellenberger
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques , CNRS-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) , 13288 Marseille , France
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology , 82152 Planegg-Martinsried , Germany
| | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Gdansk , Wita Stwosza 63 , 80-308 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Francis Gauthier
- INSERM UMR1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" , Université de Tours , 37032 Tours , France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" , Université de Tours , 37032 Tours , France
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Kizlik-Masson C, Vayne C, McKenzie SE, Poupon A, Zhou Y, Champier G, Pouplard C, Gruel Y, Rollin J. 5B9, a monoclonal antiplatelet factor 4/heparin IgG with a human Fc fragment that mimics heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2065-2075. [PMID: 28771917 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Essentials No humanized monoclonal antibody was available to study heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). We developed the first anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin antibody with a human Fc fragment. This antibody (5B9) fully mimics the effects of human HIT antibodies. 5B9 binds two regions within PF4 that may be critical for the pathogenicity of HIT antibodies. SUMMARY Background The diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is based on clinical and biological criteria, but a standard is lacking for laboratory assays. Moreover, no humanized HIT antibody is available for pathophysiological studies. Objective To characterise 5B9, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, which fully mimics the effects of human HIT antibodies. Methods/Results 5B9, a chimeric anti-platelet factor 4/heparin complexes IgG1 antibody, was obtained after immunizing specific transgenic mice. 5B9 induced heparin FcγRIIA-dependent platelet aggregation and tissue factor mRNA synthesis in monocytes. It also induced significant thrombocytopenia and thrombin generation in mice expressing human PF4 and FcγRIIA receptors. The binding of 5B9 to PF4/H complexes was inhibited by 15 of 25 HIT plasma samples and only three of 25 samples containing non-pathogenic anti-PF4/H antibodies. KKO, a murine IgG2b HIT antibody, also inhibited the binding of 5B9 to PF4/H, suggesting that epitopes recognized by both antibodies are close. A docking analysis based on VH and VL sequences of 5B9 showed that binding of 5B9 Fab to PF4 involved 12 and 12 residues in B and D monomers, respectively, including seven previously identified as critical to the formation of a PF4/KKO complex. Two regions (Asp-7 to Thr-15 and Ala-32 to Thr-38) therefore appeared important for the binding of 5B9 and KKO on PF4 modified by heparin. Conclusions 5B9 is the first anti-PF4/H monoclonal antibody with a human Fc fragment, which induces similar cellular activation as HIT antibodies. Moreover, 5B9 binds epitopes within PF4 that are likely to be critical for the pathogenicity of HIT antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kizlik-Masson
- UMR CNRS 7292 and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - C Vayne
- UMR CNRS 7292 and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie-Hémostase, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - S E McKenzie
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Poupon
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - C Pouplard
- UMR CNRS 7292 and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie-Hémostase, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Y Gruel
- UMR CNRS 7292 and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie-Hémostase, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - J Rollin
- UMR CNRS 7292 and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie-Hémostase, CHU Tours, Tours, France
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Hamin Neto YAA, da Rosa Garzon NG, Pedezzi R, Cabral H. Specificity of peptidases secreted by filamentous fungi. Bioengineered 2017; 9:30-37. [PMID: 28857638 PMCID: PMC5972931 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2017.1373531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidases are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds, yielding proteins and peptides. Enzymes in this class also perform several other functions, regulating the activation or inactivation of target substrates via proteolysis. Owing to these functions, peptidases have been extensively used in industrial and biotechnological applications. Given their potential functions, it is important to optimize the use of these enzymes, which requires determination of the specificity of each peptidase. The peptidase specificity must be taken into account in choosing a peptidase to catalyze the available protein source within the desired application. The specificity of a peptidase defines the profile of enzyme–substrate interactions, and for this the catalytic site and the arrangement of the amino acid residues involved in peptide bond cleavage need to be known. The catalytic sites of peptidases may be composed of several subsites that interact with amino acid residues for proteolysis. Filamentous fungi produce peptidases with varying specificity, and here we provide a review of those reported to date and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Pedezzi
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Hamilton Cabral
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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